The papers of Dr. Charles S. Mahan primarily consist of correspondence (memoranda, letters, and emails), grey literature, data sets, administrative documents, publications, and newspaper clippings. The bulk of the collection reflects Mahan's various professional roles in reducing Florida's infant mortality rate, increasing access to proper nutrition for mothers and infants, and educating public health professionals and midwives. Other documents emphasize his tenure at the Florida Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services (now, Florida Department of Health), the University of Florida, and the University of South Florida.