{"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?facet.sort=count\u0026page=64633\u0026view=compact","prev":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?facet.sort=count\u0026page=64632\u0026view=compact","next":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?facet.sort=count\u0026page=64634\u0026view=compact","last":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?facet.sort=count\u0026page=65767\u0026view=compact"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":64633,"next_page":64634,"prev_page":64632,"total_pages":65767,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":646320,"total_count":657669,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"18ce43a3c782b797db9fa781_aspace_179308","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Wilsons Maine - Ester cooking dinner","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/18ce43a3c782b797db9fa781_aspace_179308#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eHand-colored photograph.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/18ce43a3c782b797db9fa781_aspace_179308#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_179308","ref_ssm":["aspace_179308","aspace_179308"],"id":"18ce43a3c782b797db9fa781_aspace_179308","title_filing_ssi":"Wilsons Maine - Ester cooking dinner","title_ssm":["Wilsons Maine - Ester cooking dinner"],"title_tesim":["Wilsons Maine - Ester cooking dinner"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wilsons Maine - Ester cooking dinner"],"text":["Wilsons Maine - Ester cooking dinner","Photographic lantern slide collection, 1902-1929, Date acquired: 00/00/1995","Slides - Travel Pictures","Travel Pictures - Maine [Fenn Family], 1918","Item 20","/repositories/2/archival_objects/83138","Hand-colored photograph."],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["18ce43a3c782b797db9fa781","18ce43a3c782b797db9fa781_aspace_179862","18ce43a3c782b797db9fa781_aspace_179167"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Photographic lantern slide collection, 1902-1929, Date acquired: 00/00/1995","Slides - Travel Pictures","Travel Pictures - Maine [Fenn Family], 1918"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Photographic lantern slide collection, 1902-1929, Date acquired: 00/00/1995","Slides - Travel Pictures","Travel Pictures - Maine [Fenn Family], 1918"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Box","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["Item 20","/repositories/2/archival_objects/83138"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Photographic lantern slide collection, 1902-1929, Date acquired: 00/00/1995"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":1661,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Fragile materials served by appointment. Gloves required."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHand-colored photograph.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Hand-colored photograph."],"_nest_path_":"/components#27/components#0/components#19","_nest_parent_":"18ce43a3c782b797db9fa781_aspace_179167","_root_":"18ce43a3c782b797db9fa781","timestamp":"2026-06-19T03:16:57.188Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"18ce43a3c782b797db9fa781","title_ssm":["Photographic lantern slide collection"],"title_tesim":["Photographic lantern slide collection"],"ead_ssi":"18ce43a3c782b797db9fa781","unitdate_ssm":["1902-1929","Date acquired: 00/00/1995"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1902-1929"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 00/00/1995"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-1995-06","/repositories/2/resources/391"],"text":["MS-1995-06","/repositories/2/resources/391","Photographic lantern slide collection, 1902-1929, Date acquired: 00/00/1995","Lantern slides","Fragile materials served by appointment. Gloves required.","Five lantern slides measuring 1.75\" by 6.75\" donated to USF Special Collections on August 23, 2023.","The slides have been issued inventory numbers; for item level description see printed document with the collection.","The history of the lantern slide has its origins in seventeenth-century optical viewing devices which came to be known as \"magic lanterns\". The earliest slides for magic lanterns consisted of hand-painted images on glass, projected by itinerant showmen to amuse their audiences. In 1849, about ten years after the invention of photography, lantern slides began to be produced photographically.  Rapid improvements in photographic reproduction methods and more effective projection illuminants sparked the increased popularization of magic lantern slides."," \nIn the United States, magic lantern shows were especially popular in formal education settings. From the 1850s, following the lead of the Philadelphia-based Langenheim Brothers, a growing number of slide manufacturers retained stock collections of negatives from which lantern slides could be produced, assembled into thematic boxed sets, and sold to consumers, including universities, companies, clubs and other social organizations."," \nThe vast majority of these commercial lantern slides were black-and-white positive images, created with the wet collodion or a dry gelatine process. Slide lantern photographers made either \"contact\" or \"reduction\" prints. They made contact prints by placing a negative over a piece of light-sensitive lantern glass and then developing the image by exposure under controlled light. For a reduction print, the photographer affixed the negative to a window with a clear view, and photographed the illuminated negative directly onto the light-senstive lantern glass with a camera. After the completion of the photographic process, slide makers often affixed a paper border to the lantern glass, covered it with a clear piece of protective glass, and then bound the glass \"sandwich\" together with tape. The paper borders often bore printed identification of the commercial studio. Less frequently, manufacturers employed professional colorists to apply pigment washes to the lantern glass image prior to labeling and binding."," \nIn the 1930s and 1940s, less expensive film-based transparencies replaced glass lantern slides.  Commercial glass lantern slide firms and photographic studios disappeared or adapted to the new medium of 35 mm slides. [1] John Barnes. Catalogue of the Collection. Part 2: Optical Projection, The History of the Magic Lantern from the 17th to the 20th Century (St. Ives, Cornwall: Barnes Museum of Cinematography, 1970), 27-29. [2] Elizabeth Shepard. \"The Magic Lantern Slide in Entertainment and Education, 1860-1920.\" History of Photography 11: 2 (April-June 1987), 91. [3] Paul N. Hasluck. Optical Lanterns and Accessories: How to Make and Manage Them, Including Instructions on Making Slides (London: Cassell \u0026 Company, Ltd., 1901), 133-139.","published","Lantern slides have their origins in optical projection devices dating to the seventeenth century, yet their widespread use did not begin until after the advent of the wet collodion photographic process by Frederick Scott Archer in the late 1840s. As the nineteenth century progressed, lantern slides with photographic images quickly became popular forms of public and private education and entertainment.","The Photographic Lantern Slide collection is a source of visual imagery that spans the world in historical, architectural, cultural and agricultural subjects.  It represents one of the most popular categories of lantern slides, travel destinations.  It is international in scope, with scenes varying by locale, as indicated in the container listing. Many of the slides in this collection represent the sacred spaces of the Jewish, Buddhist, Christian and Muslim religions. Popular tourist destinations and historic sites are also prevalent, as are scenes of working people, housing structures, rural agriculture and transportation methods.","Documentation pertaining to this collection is limited to information affixed to the slides. Studios, manufacturers and retailers are identified on printed or handwritten labels, and some slides bear dates ranging from 1902 to 1929.  The hand colorists known as \"the Misses Griffith\" are identified on a number of slides, yet in most instances, the photographer who took the picture and the date of the negative's creation are not indicated. Nonetheless, the collection documents the products of a number of photographers, manufacturers, retailers of optical supplies and hand colorists.  The collection is especially notable for its number of hand-colored lantern slides.","The bulk of photographic lantern slides sold in the United States in the early twentieth century were black and white, products of the wet collodion or a gelatine photographic process. Hand coloring required additional skilled labor, space and tools, and delayed the mass production of the slides. Its relationship to painting on china and glass meant that women often performed the skilled labor.  Transparent oil paints, aniline dyes or watercolors were most frequently used in the process, the slides sometimes baked in an oven to set the paint layers prior to subsequent pigment applications.  While the earliest hand-colored slides required the painter's experimentation with different pigments and dyes, by the early twentieth century, paint manufacturers produced sets of colors specifically designed for slide lantern use.[url=#_ftn1][1][/url]","Once the photographic image was ready for assembly, the binders often applied a gummed opaque paper border (called a mask) to the glass negative and then topped it with a clear glass cover.  They then placed the two pieces of glass into a binding clamp and bound them together with gummed paper tape.[url=#_ftn2][2][/url]  Slides could then be individually sold or grouped into thematic sets, placed in grooved boxes, and distributed. Originally housed in the wooden boxes associated with glass negatives, the majority of the slides bearing the labels of individual manufacturers and studios, the Photographic Lantern Slide Collection is representative of such commercial sales.","In the early twentieth century, various American companies sold thematic slide lecture sets. The Keystone View Company (1892-1963), founded by the amateur photographer B.L. Singley in Meadville, Pennsylvania, was one of the largest commercial suppliers.[url=#_ftn3][3][/url] The McAllister family was another leader in the magic lantern business, establishing operations in Philadelphia by 1846 and in New York by 1866.  Trading under the name McAllister-Keller Co., Inc. from 1917, the company continued to offer lantern slides and other supplies until 1942.[url=#_ftn4][4][/url] The photographer John Duer Scott and the colorist Edward Van Altena joined forces to create a New York-based business in 1904. Riley Optical was a British company specializing in slide and lantern manufacturing, which opened a New York branch by 1895. Williams, Brown and Earle primarily sold laboratory supplies and optical equipment, but also produced lantern slide sets.","The manufacturers, retailers, photographers, studios or colorists identified in this collection are:","Beseler Lantern Slide Company, 131 East 23 rd  Street, New York","Brown and Dawson, Stamford, Connecticut","Detroit Publishing Company, Detroit, Michigan","C. H. Graves Company, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania","Misses Griffith (colorists), New York, New York","A. D. Handy, Boston, Massachusetts","Joseph Hawkes, 108 Fulton Street, New York, New York","Milton R. Holmes (photographer), Pennsylvania","W. C. Ives, New York, New York","Keystone View Company, Meadville, Pennsylvania","Chas. W. Kimble, Trenton, New Jersey","T. H. McAllister-Keller Co., Inc., New York, New York","Moore, Bond \u0026 Company, Chicago, Illinois","William Herman Rau, 1324 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania","Riley Optical, New York, New York","John Duer Scott (photographer), New York, New York","Scott and Van Altena, 59 Pearl Street, New York, New York","Underwood and Underwood, Washington, D. C.","Edward Van Altena, 71-79 West 45 th  Street, New York, New York","Williams, Brown \u0026 Earle, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania","In most instances, the maker's identification labels do not distinguish professions of the named entities, although the Misses Griffith are clearly indicated as hand colorists operating out of New York City. The street addresses listed above reflect identification printed on the commercial paper labels. In some instances, additional research revealed city or state of operation.","Slide lantern manufacturers also sold instruction manuals and mass-produced kits intended for amateur photographers, teachers, organizations, and educational institutions. Such kits included light sensitive lantern glass, clear cover glass, gummed paper masks, binding tape, and grooved wooden boxes for safe storage. Museums, schools and universities frequently created their own lantern slides for educational use. Photographic clubs emerged in American cities, offering lantern slide lectures and organizing slide exchanges. The slides in this collection that lack manufacturer, retailer or studio labels may be the products of such non-commercial endeavors.","Lantern slides created a new way to view both commercial and amateur photography. While the earliest photographic methods required an intimate viewership, the projection capabilities of the magic lantern allowed for a sizable audience. In the United States, the greatest impact of lantern slides was as a didactic tool and a form of entertainment.[url=#_ftn5][5][/url] Photographic lantern slides reached the peak of their popularity during the first third of the twentieth century, and dramatically impacted the development of animation technologies as well as visual-based education methods in fields such as anthropology, art history, and geography. As new photographic films emerged in the 1930s and 1940s, magic lantern shows became a rarity and ultimately obsolete.","[url=#_ftnref1][1][/url] John A. Tennant, ed.   The Photo-Miniature: A Magazine of Photographic Information  7:83 (Nov. 1907), 501-539.","[url=#_ftnref2][2][/url] Hasluck, 129-132.","[url=#_ftnref3][3][/url] Shepard, \"The Magic Lantern Slide,\" 105.  The company was purchased by the Mast Development Company in 1963.","[url=#_ftnref4][4][/url] David Robinson, et al., editors.   Encyclopaedia of the Magic Lantern   (London: The Magic Lantern Society, 2001),181-2.","[url=#_ftnref5][5][/url] Shepard, \"The Magic Lantern Slide,\" 91.","None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information.","USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-1995-06","/repositories/2/resources/391"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1902-1929, Date acquired: 00/00/1995"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Photographic lantern slide collection, 1902-1929, Date acquired: 00/00/1995"],"collection_title_tesim":["Photographic lantern slide collection, 1902-1929, Date acquired: 00/00/1995"],"collection_ssim":["Photographic lantern slide collection, 1902-1929, Date acquired: 00/00/1995"],"repository_ssm":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donation"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Lantern slides"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Lantern slides"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["20.23 Linear Feet","39 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["20.23 Linear Feet","39 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFragile materials served by appointment. Gloves required.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Fragile materials served by appointment. Gloves required."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFive lantern slides measuring 1.75\" by 6.75\" donated to USF Special Collections on August 23, 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals"],"accruals_tesim":["Five lantern slides measuring 1.75\" by 6.75\" donated to USF Special Collections on August 23, 2023."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe slides have been issued inventory numbers; for item level description see printed document with the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The slides have been issued inventory numbers; for item level description see printed document with the collection."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe history of the lantern slide has its origins in seventeenth-century optical viewing devices which came to be known as \"magic lanterns\". The earliest slides for magic lanterns consisted of hand-painted images on glass, projected by itinerant showmen to amuse their audiences. In 1849, about ten years after the invention of photography, lantern slides began to be produced photographically.  Rapid improvements in photographic reproduction methods and more effective projection illuminants sparked the increased popularization of magic lantern slides.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e \nIn the United States, magic lantern shows were especially popular in formal education settings. From the 1850s, following the lead of the Philadelphia-based Langenheim Brothers, a growing number of slide manufacturers retained stock collections of negatives from which lantern slides could be produced, assembled into thematic boxed sets, and sold to consumers, including universities, companies, clubs and other social organizations.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e \nThe vast majority of these commercial lantern slides were black-and-white positive images, created with the wet collodion or a dry gelatine process. Slide lantern photographers made either \"contact\" or \"reduction\" prints. They made contact prints by placing a negative over a piece of light-sensitive lantern glass and then developing the image by exposure under controlled light. For a reduction print, the photographer affixed the negative to a window with a clear view, and photographed the illuminated negative directly onto the light-senstive lantern glass with a camera. After the completion of the photographic process, slide makers often affixed a paper border to the lantern glass, covered it with a clear piece of protective glass, and then bound the glass \"sandwich\" together with tape. The paper borders often bore printed identification of the commercial studio. Less frequently, manufacturers employed professional colorists to apply pigment washes to the lantern glass image prior to labeling and binding.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e \nIn the 1930s and 1940s, less expensive film-based transparencies replaced glass lantern slides.  Commercial glass lantern slide firms and photographic studios disappeared or adapted to the new medium of 35 mm slides. [1] John Barnes. Catalogue of the Collection. Part 2: Optical Projection, The History of the Magic Lantern from the 17th to the 20th Century (St. Ives, Cornwall: Barnes Museum of Cinematography, 1970), 27-29. [2] Elizabeth Shepard. \"The Magic Lantern Slide in Entertainment and Education, 1860-1920.\" History of Photography 11: 2 (April-June 1987), 91. [3] Paul N. Hasluck. Optical Lanterns and Accessories: How to Make and Manage Them, Including Instructions on Making Slides (London: Cassell \u0026amp; Company, Ltd., 1901), 133-139.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The history of the lantern slide has its origins in seventeenth-century optical viewing devices which came to be known as \"magic lanterns\". The earliest slides for magic lanterns consisted of hand-painted images on glass, projected by itinerant showmen to amuse their audiences. In 1849, about ten years after the invention of photography, lantern slides began to be produced photographically.  Rapid improvements in photographic reproduction methods and more effective projection illuminants sparked the increased popularization of magic lantern slides."," \nIn the United States, magic lantern shows were especially popular in formal education settings. From the 1850s, following the lead of the Philadelphia-based Langenheim Brothers, a growing number of slide manufacturers retained stock collections of negatives from which lantern slides could be produced, assembled into thematic boxed sets, and sold to consumers, including universities, companies, clubs and other social organizations."," \nThe vast majority of these commercial lantern slides were black-and-white positive images, created with the wet collodion or a dry gelatine process. Slide lantern photographers made either \"contact\" or \"reduction\" prints. They made contact prints by placing a negative over a piece of light-sensitive lantern glass and then developing the image by exposure under controlled light. For a reduction print, the photographer affixed the negative to a window with a clear view, and photographed the illuminated negative directly onto the light-senstive lantern glass with a camera. After the completion of the photographic process, slide makers often affixed a paper border to the lantern glass, covered it with a clear piece of protective glass, and then bound the glass \"sandwich\" together with tape. The paper borders often bore printed identification of the commercial studio. Less frequently, manufacturers employed professional colorists to apply pigment washes to the lantern glass image prior to labeling and binding."," \nIn the 1930s and 1940s, less expensive film-based transparencies replaced glass lantern slides.  Commercial glass lantern slide firms and photographic studios disappeared or adapted to the new medium of 35 mm slides. [1] John Barnes. Catalogue of the Collection. Part 2: Optical Projection, The History of the Magic Lantern from the 17th to the 20th Century (St. Ives, Cornwall: Barnes Museum of Cinematography, 1970), 27-29. [2] Elizabeth Shepard. \"The Magic Lantern Slide in Entertainment and Education, 1860-1920.\" History of Photography 11: 2 (April-June 1987), 91. [3] Paul N. Hasluck. Optical Lanterns and Accessories: How to Make and Manage Them, Including Instructions on Making Slides (London: Cassell \u0026 Company, Ltd., 1901), 133-139."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003epublished\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Other Descriptive Information"],"odd_tesim":["published"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePhotographic Lantern Slide Collection, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Photographic Lantern Slide Collection, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLantern slides have their origins in optical projection devices dating to the seventeenth century, yet their widespread use did not begin until after the advent of the wet collodion photographic process by Frederick Scott Archer in the late 1840s. As the nineteenth century progressed, lantern slides with photographic images quickly became popular forms of public and private education and entertainment.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Photographic Lantern Slide collection is a source of visual imagery that spans the world in historical, architectural, cultural and agricultural subjects.  It represents one of the most popular categories of lantern slides, travel destinations.  It is international in scope, with scenes varying by locale, as indicated in the container listing. Many of the slides in this collection represent the sacred spaces of the Jewish, Buddhist, Christian and Muslim religions. Popular tourist destinations and historic sites are also prevalent, as are scenes of working people, housing structures, rural agriculture and transportation methods.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDocumentation pertaining to this collection is limited to information affixed to the slides. Studios, manufacturers and retailers are identified on printed or handwritten labels, and some slides bear dates ranging from 1902 to 1929.  The hand colorists known as \"the Misses Griffith\" are identified on a number of slides, yet in most instances, the photographer who took the picture and the date of the negative's creation are not indicated. Nonetheless, the collection documents the products of a number of photographers, manufacturers, retailers of optical supplies and hand colorists.  The collection is especially notable for its number of hand-colored lantern slides.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of photographic lantern slides sold in the United States in the early twentieth century were black and white, products of the wet collodion or a gelatine photographic process. Hand coloring required additional skilled labor, space and tools, and delayed the mass production of the slides. Its relationship to painting on china and glass meant that women often performed the skilled labor.  Transparent oil paints, aniline dyes or watercolors were most frequently used in the process, the slides sometimes baked in an oven to set the paint layers prior to subsequent pigment applications.  While the earliest hand-colored slides required the painter's experimentation with different pigments and dyes, by the early twentieth century, paint manufacturers produced sets of colors specifically designed for slide lantern use.[url=#_ftn1][1][/url]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOnce the photographic image was ready for assembly, the binders often applied a gummed opaque paper border (called a mask) to the glass negative and then topped it with a clear glass cover.  They then placed the two pieces of glass into a binding clamp and bound them together with gummed paper tape.[url=#_ftn2][2][/url]  Slides could then be individually sold or grouped into thematic sets, placed in grooved boxes, and distributed. Originally housed in the wooden boxes associated with glass negatives, the majority of the slides bearing the labels of individual manufacturers and studios, the Photographic Lantern Slide Collection is representative of such commercial sales.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the early twentieth century, various American companies sold thematic slide lecture sets. The Keystone View Company (1892-1963), founded by the amateur photographer B.L. Singley in Meadville, Pennsylvania, was one of the largest commercial suppliers.[url=#_ftn3][3][/url] The McAllister family was another leader in the magic lantern business, establishing operations in Philadelphia by 1846 and in New York by 1866.  Trading under the name McAllister-Keller Co., Inc. from 1917, the company continued to offer lantern slides and other supplies until 1942.[url=#_ftn4][4][/url] The photographer John Duer Scott and the colorist Edward Van Altena joined forces to create a New York-based business in 1904. Riley Optical was a British company specializing in slide and lantern manufacturing, which opened a New York branch by 1895. Williams, Brown and Earle primarily sold laboratory supplies and optical equipment, but also produced lantern slide sets.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe manufacturers, retailers, photographers, studios or colorists identified in this collection are:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBeseler Lantern Slide Company, 131 East 23\u003cemph render=\"super\"\u003erd\u003c/emph\u003e Street, New York\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBrown and Dawson, Stamford, Connecticut\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDetroit Publishing Company, Detroit, Michigan\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eC. H. Graves Company, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMisses Griffith (colorists), New York, New York\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA. D. Handy, Boston, Massachusetts\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJoseph Hawkes, 108 Fulton Street, New York, New York\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMilton R. Holmes (photographer), Pennsylvania\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eW. C. Ives, New York, New York\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eKeystone View Company, Meadville, Pennsylvania\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eChas. W. Kimble, Trenton, New Jersey\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eT. H. McAllister-Keller Co., Inc., New York, New York\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMoore, Bond \u0026amp; Company, Chicago, Illinois\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam Herman Rau, 1324 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRiley Optical, New York, New York\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJohn Duer Scott (photographer), New York, New York\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eScott and Van Altena, 59 Pearl Street, New York, New York\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUnderwood and Underwood, Washington, D. C.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEdward Van Altena, 71-79 West 45\u003cemph render=\"super\"\u003eth\u003c/emph\u003e Street, New York, New York\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliams, Brown \u0026amp; Earle, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn most instances, the maker's identification labels do not distinguish professions of the named entities, although the Misses Griffith are clearly indicated as hand colorists operating out of New York City. The street addresses listed above reflect identification printed on the commercial paper labels. In some instances, additional research revealed city or state of operation.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSlide lantern manufacturers also sold instruction manuals and mass-produced kits intended for amateur photographers, teachers, organizations, and educational institutions. Such kits included light sensitive lantern glass, clear cover glass, gummed paper masks, binding tape, and grooved wooden boxes for safe storage. Museums, schools and universities frequently created their own lantern slides for educational use. Photographic clubs emerged in American cities, offering lantern slide lectures and organizing slide exchanges. The slides in this collection that lack manufacturer, retailer or studio labels may be the products of such non-commercial endeavors.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLantern slides created a new way to view both commercial and amateur photography. While the earliest photographic methods required an intimate viewership, the projection capabilities of the magic lantern allowed for a sizable audience. In the United States, the greatest impact of lantern slides was as a didactic tool and a form of entertainment.[url=#_ftn5][5][/url] Photographic lantern slides reached the peak of their popularity during the first third of the twentieth century, and dramatically impacted the development of animation technologies as well as visual-based education methods in fields such as anthropology, art history, and geography. As new photographic films emerged in the 1930s and 1940s, magic lantern shows became a rarity and ultimately obsolete.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e[url=#_ftnref1][1][/url] John A. Tennant, ed.  \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Photo-Miniature: A Magazine of Photographic Information\u003c/emph\u003e 7:83 (Nov. 1907), 501-539.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e[url=#_ftnref2][2][/url] Hasluck, 129-132.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e[url=#_ftnref3][3][/url] Shepard, \"The Magic Lantern Slide,\" 105.  The company was purchased by the Mast Development Company in 1963.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e[url=#_ftnref4][4][/url] David Robinson, et al., editors.  \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eEncyclopaedia of the Magic Lantern  \u003c/emph\u003e(London: The Magic Lantern Society, 2001),181-2.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e[url=#_ftnref5][5][/url] Shepard, \"The Magic Lantern Slide,\" 91.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Lantern slides have their origins in optical projection devices dating to the seventeenth century, yet their widespread use did not begin until after the advent of the wet collodion photographic process by Frederick Scott Archer in the late 1840s. As the nineteenth century progressed, lantern slides with photographic images quickly became popular forms of public and private education and entertainment.","The Photographic Lantern Slide collection is a source of visual imagery that spans the world in historical, architectural, cultural and agricultural subjects.  It represents one of the most popular categories of lantern slides, travel destinations.  It is international in scope, with scenes varying by locale, as indicated in the container listing. Many of the slides in this collection represent the sacred spaces of the Jewish, Buddhist, Christian and Muslim religions. Popular tourist destinations and historic sites are also prevalent, as are scenes of working people, housing structures, rural agriculture and transportation methods.","Documentation pertaining to this collection is limited to information affixed to the slides. Studios, manufacturers and retailers are identified on printed or handwritten labels, and some slides bear dates ranging from 1902 to 1929.  The hand colorists known as \"the Misses Griffith\" are identified on a number of slides, yet in most instances, the photographer who took the picture and the date of the negative's creation are not indicated. Nonetheless, the collection documents the products of a number of photographers, manufacturers, retailers of optical supplies and hand colorists.  The collection is especially notable for its number of hand-colored lantern slides.","The bulk of photographic lantern slides sold in the United States in the early twentieth century were black and white, products of the wet collodion or a gelatine photographic process. Hand coloring required additional skilled labor, space and tools, and delayed the mass production of the slides. Its relationship to painting on china and glass meant that women often performed the skilled labor.  Transparent oil paints, aniline dyes or watercolors were most frequently used in the process, the slides sometimes baked in an oven to set the paint layers prior to subsequent pigment applications.  While the earliest hand-colored slides required the painter's experimentation with different pigments and dyes, by the early twentieth century, paint manufacturers produced sets of colors specifically designed for slide lantern use.[url=#_ftn1][1][/url]","Once the photographic image was ready for assembly, the binders often applied a gummed opaque paper border (called a mask) to the glass negative and then topped it with a clear glass cover.  They then placed the two pieces of glass into a binding clamp and bound them together with gummed paper tape.[url=#_ftn2][2][/url]  Slides could then be individually sold or grouped into thematic sets, placed in grooved boxes, and distributed. Originally housed in the wooden boxes associated with glass negatives, the majority of the slides bearing the labels of individual manufacturers and studios, the Photographic Lantern Slide Collection is representative of such commercial sales.","In the early twentieth century, various American companies sold thematic slide lecture sets. The Keystone View Company (1892-1963), founded by the amateur photographer B.L. Singley in Meadville, Pennsylvania, was one of the largest commercial suppliers.[url=#_ftn3][3][/url] The McAllister family was another leader in the magic lantern business, establishing operations in Philadelphia by 1846 and in New York by 1866.  Trading under the name McAllister-Keller Co., Inc. from 1917, the company continued to offer lantern slides and other supplies until 1942.[url=#_ftn4][4][/url] The photographer John Duer Scott and the colorist Edward Van Altena joined forces to create a New York-based business in 1904. Riley Optical was a British company specializing in slide and lantern manufacturing, which opened a New York branch by 1895. Williams, Brown and Earle primarily sold laboratory supplies and optical equipment, but also produced lantern slide sets.","The manufacturers, retailers, photographers, studios or colorists identified in this collection are:","Beseler Lantern Slide Company, 131 East 23 rd  Street, New York","Brown and Dawson, Stamford, Connecticut","Detroit Publishing Company, Detroit, Michigan","C. H. Graves Company, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania","Misses Griffith (colorists), New York, New York","A. D. Handy, Boston, Massachusetts","Joseph Hawkes, 108 Fulton Street, New York, New York","Milton R. Holmes (photographer), Pennsylvania","W. C. Ives, New York, New York","Keystone View Company, Meadville, Pennsylvania","Chas. W. Kimble, Trenton, New Jersey","T. H. McAllister-Keller Co., Inc., New York, New York","Moore, Bond \u0026 Company, Chicago, Illinois","William Herman Rau, 1324 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania","Riley Optical, New York, New York","John Duer Scott (photographer), New York, New York","Scott and Van Altena, 59 Pearl Street, New York, New York","Underwood and Underwood, Washington, D. C.","Edward Van Altena, 71-79 West 45 th  Street, New York, New York","Williams, Brown \u0026 Earle, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania","In most instances, the maker's identification labels do not distinguish professions of the named entities, although the Misses Griffith are clearly indicated as hand colorists operating out of New York City. The street addresses listed above reflect identification printed on the commercial paper labels. In some instances, additional research revealed city or state of operation.","Slide lantern manufacturers also sold instruction manuals and mass-produced kits intended for amateur photographers, teachers, organizations, and educational institutions. Such kits included light sensitive lantern glass, clear cover glass, gummed paper masks, binding tape, and grooved wooden boxes for safe storage. Museums, schools and universities frequently created their own lantern slides for educational use. Photographic clubs emerged in American cities, offering lantern slide lectures and organizing slide exchanges. The slides in this collection that lack manufacturer, retailer or studio labels may be the products of such non-commercial endeavors.","Lantern slides created a new way to view both commercial and amateur photography. While the earliest photographic methods required an intimate viewership, the projection capabilities of the magic lantern allowed for a sizable audience. In the United States, the greatest impact of lantern slides was as a didactic tool and a form of entertainment.[url=#_ftn5][5][/url] Photographic lantern slides reached the peak of their popularity during the first third of the twentieth century, and dramatically impacted the development of animation technologies as well as visual-based education methods in fields such as anthropology, art history, and geography. As new photographic films emerged in the 1930s and 1940s, magic lantern shows became a rarity and ultimately obsolete.","[url=#_ftnref1][1][/url] John A. Tennant, ed.   The Photo-Miniature: A Magazine of Photographic Information  7:83 (Nov. 1907), 501-539.","[url=#_ftnref2][2][/url] Hasluck, 129-132.","[url=#_ftnref3][3][/url] Shepard, \"The Magic Lantern Slide,\" 105.  The company was purchased by the Mast Development Company in 1963.","[url=#_ftnref4][4][/url] David Robinson, et al., editors.   Encyclopaedia of the Magic Lantern   (London: The Magic Lantern Society, 2001),181-2.","[url=#_ftnref5][5][/url] Shepard, \"The Magic Lantern Slide,\" 91."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone.\u0026#xA0;The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.\u0026#xA0; Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at \u003cextref href=\"http://www.copyright.gov/\"\u003ehttp://www.copyright.gov/\u003c/extref\u003e for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information."],"names_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"corpname_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2479,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"18ce43a3c782b797db9fa781","timestamp":"2026-06-19T03:16:57.188Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/18ce43a3c782b797db9fa781_aspace_179308"}},{"id":"5055933f3c1174c284436837_aspace_03f1a4a8759dc5f921b020c17521e921","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Wilson's Plover 25, 29 IV 71, 1971-04-1971-05","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/5055933f3c1174c284436837_aspace_03f1a4a8759dc5f921b020c17521e921#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_03f1a4a8759dc5f921b020c17521e921","ref_ssm":["aspace_03f1a4a8759dc5f921b020c17521e921","aspace_03f1a4a8759dc5f921b020c17521e921"],"id":"5055933f3c1174c284436837_aspace_03f1a4a8759dc5f921b020c17521e921","title_filing_ssi":"Wilson's Plover 25, 29 IV 71","title_ssm":["Wilson's Plover 25, 29 IV 71"],"title_tesim":["Wilson's Plover 25, 29 IV 71"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1971-04-1971-05"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1971-04-1971-05"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wilson's Plover 25, 29 IV 71, 1971-04-1971-05"],"text":["Wilson's Plover 25, 29 IV 71, 1971-04-1971-05","Kay von Schmidt collection, 1916-1989","Slides II","Folder 12","/repositories/2/archival_objects/213702","box 9","folder 12"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["5055933f3c1174c284436837","5055933f3c1174c284436837_aspace_bea4ae9e2887a6a10b8d8d20ab5ed0a2"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Kay von Schmidt collection, 1916-1989","Slides II"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Kay von Schmidt collection, 1916-1989","Slides II"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Box"],"unitid_ssm":["Folder 12","/repositories/2/archival_objects/213702"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Kay von Schmidt collection, 1916-1989"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":250,"date_range_isim":[1971],"containers_ssim":["box 9","folder 12"],"_nest_path_":"/components#8/components#11","_nest_parent_":"5055933f3c1174c284436837_aspace_bea4ae9e2887a6a10b8d8d20ab5ed0a2","_root_":"5055933f3c1174c284436837","timestamp":"2026-07-02T03:25:28.146Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"5055933f3c1174c284436837","title_ssm":["Kay von Schmidt collection"],"title_tesim":["Kay von Schmidt collection"],"ead_ssi":"5055933f3c1174c284436837","unitdate_ssm":["1916-1989"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1916-1989"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-2024-10","/repositories/2/resources/754"],"text":["MS-2024-10","/repositories/2/resources/754","Kay von Schmidt collection, 1916-1989","Ornithology","Ornithology -- Fieldwork","Birds","Science","Ecology -- Florida","Birds -- Habitat -- Florida","This collection is arranged according to material type and ordered alphabetically within.","This collection consists of articles, artwork, field notes, research materials, correspondence, photographic slides, film reels, data, graphs, manuscript pages, and photographs.","This collection consists of the research materials of Kay von Schmidt, with a focus on Florida ornithology and Least Terns. The collection includes original research material and writings, as well as supporting literature on ecology and local environmental organizations.","USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","von Schmidt, Kay","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-2024-10","/repositories/2/resources/754"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1916-1989"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Kay von Schmidt collection, 1916-1989"],"collection_title_tesim":["Kay von Schmidt collection, 1916-1989"],"collection_ssim":["Kay von Schmidt collection, 1916-1989"],"repository_ssm":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"creator_ssm":["von Schmidt, Kay"],"creator_ssim":["von Schmidt, Kay"],"creator_persname_ssim":["von Schmidt, Kay"],"creators_ssim":["von Schmidt, Kay"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Ornithology","Ornithology -- Fieldwork","Birds","Science","Ecology -- Florida","Birds -- Habitat -- Florida"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Ornithology","Ornithology -- Fieldwork","Birds","Science","Ecology -- Florida","Birds -- Habitat -- Florida"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["6 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["6 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged according to material type and ordered alphabetically within.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged according to material type and ordered alphabetically within."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of articles, artwork, field notes, research materials, correspondence, photographic slides, film reels, data, graphs, manuscript pages, and photographs.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of articles, artwork, field notes, research materials, correspondence, photographic slides, film reels, data, graphs, manuscript pages, and photographs."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_82b6fb8801898e20c20698feb988dabe\"\u003eThis collection consists of the research materials of Kay von Schmidt, with a focus on Florida ornithology and Least Terns. 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Tomkins. The Auk Vol. 61. \u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/5055933f3c1174c284436837_aspace_187386b049299c42f58a43520732f5e7#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_187386b049299c42f58a43520732f5e7","ref_ssm":["aspace_187386b049299c42f58a43520732f5e7","aspace_187386b049299c42f58a43520732f5e7"],"id":"5055933f3c1174c284436837_aspace_187386b049299c42f58a43520732f5e7","title_filing_ssi":"Wilson's Plover in its Summer Home","title_ssm":["Wilson's Plover in its Summer Home"],"title_tesim":["Wilson's Plover in its Summer Home"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1944"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1944"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wilson's Plover in its Summer Home, 1944"],"text":["Wilson's Plover in its Summer Home, 1944","Kay von Schmidt collection, 1916-1989","Least Tern III - Wildlife Research Project","Plover – Data, 1944-1963","Item 2","/repositories/2/archival_objects/213578","box 4","folder 16","Item 2","By Ivan R. Tomkins. 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The collection includes original research material and writings, as well as supporting literature on ecology and local environmental organizations.","USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","von Schmidt, Kay","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-2024-10","/repositories/2/resources/754"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1916-1989"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Kay von Schmidt collection, 1916-1989"],"collection_title_tesim":["Kay von Schmidt collection, 1916-1989"],"collection_ssim":["Kay von Schmidt collection, 1916-1989"],"repository_ssm":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"creator_ssm":["von Schmidt, Kay"],"creator_ssim":["von Schmidt, Kay"],"creator_persname_ssim":["von Schmidt, Kay"],"creators_ssim":["von Schmidt, Kay"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Ornithology","Ornithology -- Fieldwork","Birds","Science","Ecology -- Florida","Birds -- Habitat -- Florida"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Ornithology","Ornithology -- Fieldwork","Birds","Science","Ecology -- Florida","Birds -- Habitat -- Florida"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["6 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["6 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged according to material type and ordered alphabetically within.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged according to material type and ordered alphabetically within."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of articles, artwork, field notes, research materials, correspondence, photographic slides, film reels, data, graphs, manuscript pages, and photographs.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of articles, artwork, field notes, research materials, correspondence, photographic slides, film reels, data, graphs, manuscript pages, and photographs."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_82b6fb8801898e20c20698feb988dabe\"\u003eThis collection consists of the research materials of Kay von Schmidt, with a focus on Florida ornithology and Least Terns. 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The collection includes original research material and writings, as well as supporting literature on ecology and local environmental organizations.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection consists of the research materials of Kay von Schmidt, with a focus on Florida ornithology and Least Terns. The collection includes original research material and writings, as well as supporting literature on ecology and local environmental organizations."],"names_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","von Schmidt, Kay"],"corpname_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["von Schmidt, Kay"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":326,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"5055933f3c1174c284436837","timestamp":"2026-07-02T03:25:28.146Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/5055933f3c1174c284436837_aspace_7f95ae46a5c24f305fa42cc217859393"}},{"id":"4b1b011e59287a46abc92172_aspace_67963","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Wilson Terrace Insurance, 1941 - 1942","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/4b1b011e59287a46abc92172_aspace_67963#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_67963","ref_ssm":["aspace_67963","aspace_67963"],"id":"4b1b011e59287a46abc92172_aspace_67963","title_filing_ssi":"Wilson Terrace Insurance","title_ssm":["Wilson Terrace Insurance"],"title_tesim":["Wilson Terrace Insurance"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1941 - 1942"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1941 - 1942"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wilson Terrace Insurance, 1941 - 1942"],"text":["Wilson Terrace Insurance, 1941 - 1942","Claude Pepper Papers, 1900-1989","Journals \u0026 Theses","Claude Pepper Personal Business","Folder 19","/repositories/10/archival_objects/78056","405 - Box 4","folder 19"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["4b1b011e59287a46abc92172","4b1b011e59287a46abc92172_aspace_d9b94e712f69e5fd9a908b901d2d33ca","4b1b011e59287a46abc92172_aspace_67774"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Claude Pepper Papers, 1900-1989","Journals \u0026 Theses","Claude Pepper Personal Business"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Claude Pepper Papers, 1900-1989","Journals \u0026 Theses","Claude Pepper Personal Business"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Record Group","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["Folder 19","/repositories/10/archival_objects/78056"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Claude Pepper Papers, 1900-1989"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":33677,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to all researchers. Users may access this collection at the Claude Pepper Library."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"containers_ssim":["405 - Box 4","folder 19"],"_nest_path_":"/components#3/components#5/components#47","_nest_parent_":"4b1b011e59287a46abc92172_aspace_67774","_root_":"4b1b011e59287a46abc92172","_version_":1870947473700159488,"timestamp":"2026-07-17T07:49:12.052Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"4b1b011e59287a46abc92172","title_ssm":["Claude Pepper Papers"],"title_tesim":["Claude Pepper Papers"],"ead_ssi":"4b1b011e59287a46abc92172","unitdate_ssm":["1900-1989"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1900-1989"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 1979-01","/repositories/10/resources/640"],"text":["MSS 1979-01","/repositories/10/resources/640","Claude Pepper Papers, 1900-1989","Florida--Politics and government","Florida--History","United States. Congress. House","United States--Politics and government--1933-1945","United States--Politics and government--1945-1953","United States--Politics and government--1953-1961","Collection is open to all researchers. Users may access this collection at the Claude Pepper Library.","During the processing of this collection, the original order of the files, as reflected in the filing series in his Washington, D.C. and Miami, Florida offices, were preserved as closely as possible. The order of files within most series generally follows an alphabetical sequence by subject and/or folder. Many campaign materials and official itineraries are arranged chronologically. Within a file folder, the material was retained in its original state (usually reverse chronological order) as much as possible, unless the arrangement presented access problems to researchers. Two or more file folders with the same title were usually arranged in chronological order.","As is typical of Congressional collections, material related to any one topic may be found in several places according to the use of the information, the creator of the folders, the history of department name changes, or the filing practices of different office staff members. For example, information about Social Security may be found in the following areas:","Record Group 300 - U.S. House of Representatives:","~Series 301 Correspondence ~Subseries 302A Aging Committee ~Subseries 302H National Committee on Social Security Reform ~Subseries 303A Congressional Speeches ~Subseries 303B Speeches (Other Groups) ~Series 305 News Clippings","To insure the preservation of the materials and their accessibility to researchers, photographs, negatives, memorabilia, and recordings were removed from the papers and transferred to their appropriate series. Separation sheets were placed in all folders from which these items were removed as well as in folders to which the items were transferred.","Claude Pepper was a devoted public servant who served over 40 years in public office first as a Member of the Florida House of Representatives (1929-1930), then as a U.S. Senator (1936-1950), and then as a Member of the U.S. House of Representatives (1962-1989). Early in his career, Pepper was a progressive minded liberal who sponsored legislation to promote equal rights, civil rights, workers' rights and the Lend-Lease Act. During and after World War II, Pepper became a driving force for the establishment of the National Institutes of Health, a system of government-sponsored medical research facilities.\n Much later in his life and career, he gained international fame as an advocate of older persons rights, health care, and for strengthening and protecting Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid, and other government sponsored programs on behalf of millions of Americans.\n Prior to his death, Pepper donated the bulk of his vast collection of official and personal papers to the Florida State University. It was his express wish that his collection is made available to researchers and scholars.","The Mildred and Claude Pepper Collection was donated by Congressman Claude Pepper to the Florida State University Libraries in 1979. Subsequent donations were made during the 1980s, and additional materials were acquired following his death in 1989. Initially, the Pepper Collection was housed at Dodd Hall on the Florida State University campus but was relocated in 1998 to a new state-of-the-art archival space located on the first floor of the Claude Pepper Center Building.","Peter A. Corning, Social Security Project, Reminiscences of Claude Denson Pepper : Oral History, 1967. Oral History Research Office, Columbia University.","Claude Pepper, Scrapbooks. Department of Special Collections, University of Florida Libraries.","Roosevelt, Franklin D., President's alphabetical file, 1933-1945. Franklin D. Roosevelt Library.","Patricia Sullivan, Progressive Party Oral History Interviews. Special Collections Department, Robert W. Woodruff Library, Emory University. (Includes oral history interview with Claude Pepper)","Containing over two million pages, the Claude Pepper Papers includes his official correspondence, speeches, legislative, committee, and campaign files. In addition, there are files of his personal correspondence, speeches, photographs, recordings, and memorabilia. Also included are the personal papers, photographs, recordings, and memorabilia of his wife, Mildred Irene Webster Pepper. Mrs. Pepper always took a deep interest in public affairs and in helping her husband in his political career. She vigorously supported medical research, urban beautification, conservation, and actively participated in charitable and humanitarian organizations. There are also personal papers of the Pepper/Webster family, largely consisting of correspondence from parents, brothers, sisters, and other family members.","These materials document the political and personal life of one of the most politically active individuals throughout most of this century, and in terms of size, content, and national significance, they have been compared to prestigious presidential collections, including the Papers of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. In addition to its value to historical research, these materials will enable current policy makers to build upon Claude Pepper's achievements as they continue to focus on his unfinished work. Because of his legacy, it is vital that the Claude Pepper Collection should always be accessible and preserved for future generations of scholars and researchers. Personal letters from Winston Churchill, Franklin D. and Eleanor Roosevelt, Harry S. Truman, and John F. Kennedy are among the treasures to be found here. The photographs include many individuals of historical significance, such as Pope Paul VI, Albert Einstein, and Martin Luther King, Jr. There are also recordings of such political notables as Lyndon Johnson, Tip O'Neill, and Hubert Humphrey. The Pepper Collection not only documents the career of one of the most politically active individuals of this century, it reflects the changes that have taken place in every area of American life. It contains a wealth of material on a variety of topics. Research using the Pepper Collection has focused on topics as diverse as the World War II \"Mother's Movement,\" American Indian land claims, national health care, Social Security, the Vietnamese conflict, and organized labor. Currently, the collection is being digitized to provide researchers with the opportunity to study his collection from anywhere around the world.","Select materials from the Claude Pepper Papers have been digitized and are available through the  FSU Digital Library .","All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.","Claude Pepper Library","FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","United States. Congress. 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Users may access this collection at the Claude Pepper Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Users may access this collection at the Claude Pepper Library."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDuring the processing of this collection, the original order of the files, as reflected in the filing series in his Washington, D.C. and Miami, Florida offices, were preserved as closely as possible. The order of files within most series generally follows an alphabetical sequence by subject and/or folder. Many campaign materials and official itineraries are arranged chronologically. Within a file folder, the material was retained in its original state (usually reverse chronological order) as much as possible, unless the arrangement presented access problems to researchers. 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For example, information about Social Security may be found in the following areas:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRecord Group 300 - U.S. House of Representatives:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003e~Series 301 Correspondence ~Subseries 302A Aging Committee ~Subseries 302H National Committee on Social Security Reform ~Subseries 303A Congressional Speeches ~Subseries 303B Speeches (Other Groups) ~Series 305 News Clippings\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTo insure the preservation of the materials and their accessibility to researchers, photographs, negatives, memorabilia, and recordings were removed from the papers and transferred to their appropriate series. 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During and after World War II, Pepper became a driving force for the establishment of the National Institutes of Health, a system of government-sponsored medical research facilities.\n Much later in his life and career, he gained international fame as an advocate of older persons rights, health care, and for strengthening and protecting Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid, and other government sponsored programs on behalf of millions of Americans.\n Prior to his death, Pepper donated the bulk of his vast collection of official and personal papers to the Florida State University. It was his express wish that his collection is made available to researchers and scholars."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Mildred and Claude Pepper Collection was donated by Congressman Claude Pepper to the Florida State University Libraries in 1979. Subsequent donations were made during the 1980s, and additional materials were acquired following his death in 1989. Initially, the Pepper Collection was housed at Dodd Hall on the Florida State University campus but was relocated in 1998 to a new state-of-the-art archival space located on the first floor of the Claude Pepper Center Building.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["The Mildred and Claude Pepper Collection was donated by Congressman Claude Pepper to the Florida State University Libraries in 1979. Subsequent donations were made during the 1980s, and additional materials were acquired following his death in 1989. Initially, the Pepper Collection was housed at Dodd Hall on the Florida State University campus but was relocated in 1998 to a new state-of-the-art archival space located on the first floor of the Claude Pepper Center Building."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Title of Item], [Date of Item], Claude Pepper Papers, Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/MSS_1979-01\"\u003ehttp://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/MSS_1979-01\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Title of Item], [Date of Item], Claude Pepper Papers, Special Collections \u0026 Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida.  http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/MSS_1979-01 ."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePeter A. Corning, Social Security Project, Reminiscences of Claude Denson Pepper : Oral History, 1967. Oral History Research Office, Columbia University.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClaude Pepper, Scrapbooks. Department of Special Collections, University of Florida Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRoosevelt, Franklin D., President's alphabetical file, 1933-1945. Franklin D. Roosevelt Library.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePatricia Sullivan, Progressive Party Oral History Interviews. Special Collections Department, Robert W. Woodruff Library, Emory University. (Includes oral history interview with Claude Pepper)\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Peter A. Corning, Social Security Project, Reminiscences of Claude Denson Pepper : Oral History, 1967. Oral History Research Office, Columbia University.","Claude Pepper, Scrapbooks. Department of Special Collections, University of Florida Libraries.","Roosevelt, Franklin D., President's alphabetical file, 1933-1945. Franklin D. Roosevelt Library.","Patricia Sullivan, Progressive Party Oral History Interviews. Special Collections Department, Robert W. Woodruff Library, Emory University. (Includes oral history interview with Claude Pepper)"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eContaining over two million pages, the Claude Pepper Papers includes his official correspondence, speeches, legislative, committee, and campaign files. In addition, there are files of his personal correspondence, speeches, photographs, recordings, and memorabilia. Also included are the personal papers, photographs, recordings, and memorabilia of his wife, Mildred Irene Webster Pepper. Mrs. Pepper always took a deep interest in public affairs and in helping her husband in his political career. She vigorously supported medical research, urban beautification, conservation, and actively participated in charitable and humanitarian organizations. There are also personal papers of the Pepper/Webster family, largely consisting of correspondence from parents, brothers, sisters, and other family members.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThese materials document the political and personal life of one of the most politically active individuals throughout most of this century, and in terms of size, content, and national significance, they have been compared to prestigious presidential collections, including the Papers of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. In addition to its value to historical research, these materials will enable current policy makers to build upon Claude Pepper's achievements as they continue to focus on his unfinished work. Because of his legacy, it is vital that the Claude Pepper Collection should always be accessible and preserved for future generations of scholars and researchers. Personal letters from Winston Churchill, Franklin D. and Eleanor Roosevelt, Harry S. Truman, and John F. Kennedy are among the treasures to be found here. The photographs include many individuals of historical significance, such as Pope Paul VI, Albert Einstein, and Martin Luther King, Jr. There are also recordings of such political notables as Lyndon Johnson, Tip O'Neill, and Hubert Humphrey. The Pepper Collection not only documents the career of one of the most politically active individuals of this century, it reflects the changes that have taken place in every area of American life. It contains a wealth of material on a variety of topics. Research using the Pepper Collection has focused on topics as diverse as the World War II \"Mother's Movement,\" American Indian land claims, national health care, Social Security, the Vietnamese conflict, and organized labor. Currently, the collection is being digitized to provide researchers with the opportunity to study his collection from anywhere around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSelect materials from the Claude Pepper Papers have been digitized and are available through the \u003cextref href=\"http://diginole.lib.fsu.edu/islandora/object/fsu%3Aclaudepeppermaincollection\"\u003eFSU Digital Library\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Online Copies Available"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Containing over two million pages, the Claude Pepper Papers includes his official correspondence, speeches, legislative, committee, and campaign files. In addition, there are files of his personal correspondence, speeches, photographs, recordings, and memorabilia. Also included are the personal papers, photographs, recordings, and memorabilia of his wife, Mildred Irene Webster Pepper. Mrs. Pepper always took a deep interest in public affairs and in helping her husband in his political career. She vigorously supported medical research, urban beautification, conservation, and actively participated in charitable and humanitarian organizations. There are also personal papers of the Pepper/Webster family, largely consisting of correspondence from parents, brothers, sisters, and other family members.","These materials document the political and personal life of one of the most politically active individuals throughout most of this century, and in terms of size, content, and national significance, they have been compared to prestigious presidential collections, including the Papers of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. In addition to its value to historical research, these materials will enable current policy makers to build upon Claude Pepper's achievements as they continue to focus on his unfinished work. Because of his legacy, it is vital that the Claude Pepper Collection should always be accessible and preserved for future generations of scholars and researchers. Personal letters from Winston Churchill, Franklin D. and Eleanor Roosevelt, Harry S. Truman, and John F. Kennedy are among the treasures to be found here. The photographs include many individuals of historical significance, such as Pope Paul VI, Albert Einstein, and Martin Luther King, Jr. There are also recordings of such political notables as Lyndon Johnson, Tip O'Neill, and Hubert Humphrey. The Pepper Collection not only documents the career of one of the most politically active individuals of this century, it reflects the changes that have taken place in every area of American life. It contains a wealth of material on a variety of topics. Research using the Pepper Collection has focused on topics as diverse as the World War II \"Mother's Movement,\" American Indian land claims, national health care, Social Security, the Vietnamese conflict, and organized labor. Currently, the collection is being digitized to provide researchers with the opportunity to study his collection from anywhere around the world.","Select materials from the Claude Pepper Papers have been digitized and are available through the  FSU Digital Library ."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_59cdc344ccbf964b456e94c25aa79f8c\"\u003eClaude Pepper Library\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Claude Pepper Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Congress. Senate","Pepper, Claude, 1900-1989"],"names_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","United States. Congress. Senate","Pepper, Claude D.","Pepper, Claude, 1900-1989"],"corpname_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","United States. Congress. 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Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"containers_ssim":["box 162","folder 20"],"_nest_path_":"/components#6/components#0/components#2893","_nest_parent_":"f8f446b15f81524e15fa326b_aspace_113498","_root_":"f8f446b15f81524e15fa326b","timestamp":"2026-07-14T02:47:00.113Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"f8f446b15f81524e15fa326b","title_ssm":["Tom Brokaw collection"],"title_tesim":["Tom Brokaw collection"],"ead_ssi":"f8f446b15f81524e15fa326b","unitdate_ssm":["1941-1997","1998-2007"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1998-2007"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1941-1997"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["01.0171","/repositories/10/resources/37"],"text":["01.0171","/repositories/10/resources/37","Tom Brokaw collection, 1941-1997, bulk 1998-2007","This collection is open to all researchers.","The Tom Brokaw Collection is arranged within ten separate series. Series one through seven and nine and ten are arranged alphabetically while series eight is arranged chronologically and alphabetically within the series.","Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022.","Originally donated to the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience at FSU in 2001, the Tom Brokaw Collection is comprised of material sent to Tom Brokaw by World War II veterans before, during and after the publishing of his books,  The Greatest Generation  (1998) and  The Greatest Generation Speaks  (1999).\n Contained within the Tom Brokaw Collection are reminiscences from World War II veterans and those who were alive during the conflict, correspondence written to families back home during the war years, publications from various World War II veterans associations, poems written by veterans and their families commemorating their service in the war, photographs as well as artifacts and ephemera from the war years.","All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.","FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Tom Brokaw","English"],"unitid_tesim":["01.0171","/repositories/10/resources/37"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1941-1997, bulk 1998-2007"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Tom Brokaw collection, 1941-1997, bulk 1998-2007"],"collection_title_tesim":["Tom Brokaw collection, 1941-1997, bulk 1998-2007"],"collection_ssim":["Tom Brokaw collection, 1941-1997, bulk 1998-2007"],"repository_ssm":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Tom Brokaw"],"creator_ssim":["Tom Brokaw"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Tom Brokaw"],"creators_ssim":["Tom Brokaw"],"access_terms_ssm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["120.00 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["120.00 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to all researchers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to all researchers."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Tom Brokaw Collection is arranged within ten separate series. Series one through seven and nine and ten are arranged alphabetically while series eight is arranged chronologically and alphabetically within the series.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Tom Brokaw Collection is arranged within ten separate series. Series one through seven and nine and ten are arranged alphabetically while series eight is arranged chronologically and alphabetically within the series."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTransferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives in July 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], Tom Brokaw collection, Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. https://purl.lib.fsu.edu/fa/02-01-0171\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], Tom Brokaw collection, Special Collections \u0026 Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. https://purl.lib.fsu.edu/fa/02-01-0171"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOriginally donated to the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience at FSU in 2001, the Tom Brokaw Collection is comprised of material sent to Tom Brokaw by World War II veterans before, during and after the publishing of his books, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Greatest Generation \u003c/emph\u003e(1998) and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Greatest Generation Speaks \u003c/emph\u003e(1999).\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eContained within the Tom Brokaw Collection are reminiscences from World War II veterans and those who were alive during the conflict, correspondence written to families back home during the war years, publications from various World War II veterans associations, poems written by veterans and their families commemorating their service in the war, photographs as well as artifacts and ephemera from the war years.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Originally donated to the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience at FSU in 2001, the Tom Brokaw Collection is comprised of material sent to Tom Brokaw by World War II veterans before, during and after the publishing of his books,  The Greatest Generation  (1998) and  The Greatest Generation Speaks  (1999).\n Contained within the Tom Brokaw Collection are reminiscences from World War II veterans and those who were alive during the conflict, correspondence written to families back home during the war years, publications from various World War II veterans associations, poems written by veterans and their families commemorating their service in the war, photographs as well as artifacts and ephemera from the war years."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"names_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Tom Brokaw"],"corpname_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Tom Brokaw"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":8743,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"f8f446b15f81524e15fa326b","timestamp":"2026-07-14T02:47:00.113Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/f8f446b15f81524e15fa326b_aspace_123236"}},{"id":"b7ddc964c6f13a7e308f2280_aspace_127305","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Wilson, Tim, 1977-1993","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/b7ddc964c6f13a7e308f2280_aspace_127305#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_127305","ref_ssm":["aspace_127305","aspace_127305"],"id":"b7ddc964c6f13a7e308f2280_aspace_127305","title_filing_ssi":"Wilson, Tim","title_ssm":["Wilson, Tim"],"title_tesim":["Wilson, Tim"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1977-1993"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1977-1993"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wilson, Tim, 1977-1993"],"text":["Wilson, Tim, 1977-1993","Haynes et al. v. Shoney's, Inc. Papers, 1959-1997, bulk 1990-1994","Witness Materials, 1977-1993, undated","Witness Files, 1977-1993","Folder 16","/repositories/10/archival_objects/121528","box 113-161","box 159","folder 16"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["b7ddc964c6f13a7e308f2280","b7ddc964c6f13a7e308f2280_aspace_126325","b7ddc964c6f13a7e308f2280_aspace_126341"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Haynes et al. v. Shoney's, Inc. Papers, 1959-1997, bulk 1990-1994","Witness Materials, 1977-1993, undated","Witness Files, 1977-1993"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Haynes et al. v. Shoney's, Inc. Papers, 1959-1997, bulk 1990-1994","Witness Materials, 1977-1993, undated","Witness Files, 1977-1993"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Subseries"],"unitid_ssm":["Folder 16","/repositories/10/archival_objects/121528"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Haynes et al. v. Shoney's, Inc. Papers, 1959-1997, bulk 1990-1994"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":2189,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open to all researchers. However, since many records contain personal information, such as Social Security numbers, researchers are requested to contact the Special Collections Department in advance of their visit so that staff may review these materials. The Applicant Claim Forms and Notice of Approval of Current or Former Employee Claims Series, because of the confidential nature of these materials, are closed until 2063. Users may access this collection at the Claude Pepper Library. ","This collection is in an offsite storage location. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections and Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"containers_ssim":["box 113-161","box 159","folder 16"],"_nest_path_":"/components#10/components#11/components#916","_nest_parent_":"b7ddc964c6f13a7e308f2280_aspace_126341","_root_":"b7ddc964c6f13a7e308f2280","timestamp":"2026-07-09T10:15:54.221Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"b7ddc964c6f13a7e308f2280","title_ssm":["Haynes et al. v. Shoney's, Inc. Papers"],"title_tesim":["Haynes et al. v. Shoney's, Inc. Papers"],"ead_ssi":"b7ddc964c6f13a7e308f2280","unitdate_ssm":["1959-1997","1990-1994"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1990-1994"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1959-1997"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 2004-001","/repositories/10/resources/728"],"text":["MSS 2004-001","/repositories/10/resources/728","Haynes et al. v. Shoney's, Inc. Papers, 1959-1997, bulk 1990-1994","Discrimination in employment--United States--Case studies","Discrimination in restaurants--United States--Case studies","Race discrimination--United States","Shoney's Inc.--Personnel management","Interviews.","African Americans--Employment","Clippings (Books, newspapers, etc.)","Correspondence","Legal documents.","Notebooks.","Reports","Sound recordings.","Videocassettes.","This collection is open to all researchers. However, since many records contain personal information, such as Social Security numbers, researchers are requested to contact the Special Collections Department in advance of their visit so that staff may review these materials. The Applicant Claim Forms and Notice of Approval of Current or Former Employee Claims Series, because of the confidential nature of these materials, are closed until 2063. Users may access this collection at the Claude Pepper Library. ","This collection is in an offsite storage location. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information.","On April 4, 1989, Tallahassee (FL) attorney Tommy Warren and nine named plaintiffs, all former Shoneys and Captain Ds employees or job applicants, served Shoneys CEO, Ray Danner, and Shoneys, Inc. with a class-action suit alleging racial discrimination. The plaintiffs, represented by Warren and his co-counsel, civil rights attorney Barry Goldstein, sought more than half a billion dollars in back pay and punitive damages, in addition to a court-ordered affirmative action plan, to counteract claims of years of racially discriminatory company policy. Witnesses, such as Josephine Haynes, included tens of thousands of workers, former workers, and frustrated job applicants, who said they lost jobs, were denied jobs, or were not given opportunities at Shoneys for even the lowest-paying jobs because they were African-Americans. Other witnesses included lower level white managers, who testified that they were fired because they wouldnt follow company orders to reduce the number of African-Americans. Many said they were instructed to carry out a corporate strategy that was directed by the Companys founder and CEO, Ray Danner, not found in any Shoneys procedure manuals. During the course of the litigation, which lasted from 1989-1993, many allegations were made under oath, and entered into the court record that race discrimination at Shoneys was standard operating procedure and had existed during the entire time Ray Danner ran the company. Danner continually denied these allegations throughout the case.\nBy the time the case concluded in 1993, the total cost of the Shoneys settlement was $132.5 million, which was the plaintiffs final compromise figure and the largest ever in a racial discrimination case. In addition, Ray Danner personally contributed approximately $65 million to the settlement. This payment by an individual defendant was unprecedented in U.S. race discrimination cases. According to Steve Watkins The Black O, a book that documents the entire case, 28, 994 claims were submitted in the settlement. At Warren and Goldsteins insistence, that number was expanded beyond the scope of the class of discriminated individuals to include all of Shoneys divisions, except for the franchise stores, for the period from 1985 through November 3, 1992. Based on a complex formula approved by Judge Roger Vinson to determine the validity of those claims and the amount due each legitimate claimant, 20,909 people ultimately received money from the $105 million settlement pool. The plaintiffs attorneys spent nearly $2 million to notify these claimants about the settlement, an effort that the judge said was unmatched by any he had ever seen in a class-action case. Approximately $5 million from the settlement pool was designated for a special class of claimants, those who had been witnesses and named plaintiffs in the case. $10 million was earmarked for African-American former job applicants, and the bulk of the settlement, $90 million, went to incumbent African-American employees. Money left over when the settlement was completed, and after Shoneys final payment in 1998, was divided among five organizations: the United Negro College Fund, the Southern Poverty Law Center, the Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, the Washington Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, and Inroads, a group that works to increase management opportunities for minorities.\nIn the aftermath of the case, Shoneys complied with the affirmative action plan and significantly increased its hiring of restaurant managers, dining room supervisors, and servers of color. In 1995, the company brought in a new management team which greatly improved its position financially, and in hiring, promotion, and business opportunities for minoritized communities.\nNote written by","Partially funded by a National Publications and Records Commission grant, the collection was processed by Chad Underwood from March 2005 to October 2006.","The Haynes v. Shoneys Papers documents the largest racial discrimination class-action suit against a private employer in the history of civil rights law. The collection has significant historical and research value for American legal history and civil rights scholars. Some topics include the admissibility of prior discrimination as evidence, adverse witnesses, affirmative action, allegations of recent discrimination, class certification, defendants contacts with plaintiffs' witnesses and clients, deceased claimants notes, destruction of evidence, jury selection, Raymond Danner's claim to fight race discrimination, and the Southern Christian Leadership Conferences covenant with Shoneys, in which the corporation promised that it would do business with minority-owned firms and target management jobs and franchise ownership opportunities for African-Americans. Among the materials included are all court pleadings and filings in the case, affidavits and declarations, challenges, consent decrees, correspondence, depositions, discovery documents, expert witness files, interrogatories, investigative files, newspaper and magazine articles, notebooks, orders, policies, press releases, questionnaires, reports, research materials, right-to-sue requests, settlement documents, shopper reports, surveys, visitation reports, and the deposition transcripts of over 150 witnesses, who document the history of the alleged discrimination of Shoneys, Inc and Ray Danner.","All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections and Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.","Claude Pepper Library.","FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Thomas A. Warren Law Offices (Tallahassee, Fla.)","Danner, Raymond L.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 2004-001","/repositories/10/resources/728"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1959-1997, bulk 1990-1994"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Haynes et al. v. Shoney's, Inc. Papers, 1959-1997, bulk 1990-1994"],"collection_title_tesim":["Haynes et al. v. Shoney's, Inc. Papers, 1959-1997, bulk 1990-1994"],"collection_ssim":["Haynes et al. v. Shoney's, Inc. Papers, 1959-1997, bulk 1990-1994"],"repository_ssm":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Thomas A. 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The plaintiffs, represented by Warren and his co-counsel, civil rights attorney Barry Goldstein, sought more than half a billion dollars in back pay and punitive damages, in addition to a court-ordered affirmative action plan, to counteract claims of years of racially discriminatory company policy. Witnesses, such as Josephine Haynes, included tens of thousands of workers, former workers, and frustrated job applicants, who said they lost jobs, were denied jobs, or were not given opportunities at Shoneys for even the lowest-paying jobs because they were African-Americans. Other witnesses included lower level white managers, who testified that they were fired because they wouldnt follow company orders to reduce the number of African-Americans. Many said they were instructed to carry out a corporate strategy that was directed by the Companys founder and CEO, Ray Danner, not found in any Shoneys procedure manuals. During the course of the litigation, which lasted from 1989-1993, many allegations were made under oath, and entered into the court record that race discrimination at Shoneys was standard operating procedure and had existed during the entire time Ray Danner ran the company. Danner continually denied these allegations throughout the case.\nBy the time the case concluded in 1993, the total cost of the Shoneys settlement was $132.5 million, which was the plaintiffs final compromise figure and the largest ever in a racial discrimination case. In addition, Ray Danner personally contributed approximately $65 million to the settlement. This payment by an individual defendant was unprecedented in U.S. race discrimination cases. According to Steve Watkins The Black O, a book that documents the entire case, 28, 994 claims were submitted in the settlement. At Warren and Goldsteins insistence, that number was expanded beyond the scope of the class of discriminated individuals to include all of Shoneys divisions, except for the franchise stores, for the period from 1985 through November 3, 1992. Based on a complex formula approved by Judge Roger Vinson to determine the validity of those claims and the amount due each legitimate claimant, 20,909 people ultimately received money from the $105 million settlement pool. The plaintiffs attorneys spent nearly $2 million to notify these claimants about the settlement, an effort that the judge said was unmatched by any he had ever seen in a class-action case. Approximately $5 million from the settlement pool was designated for a special class of claimants, those who had been witnesses and named plaintiffs in the case. $10 million was earmarked for African-American former job applicants, and the bulk of the settlement, $90 million, went to incumbent African-American employees. Money left over when the settlement was completed, and after Shoneys final payment in 1998, was divided among five organizations: the United Negro College Fund, the Southern Poverty Law Center, the Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, the Washington Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, and Inroads, a group that works to increase management opportunities for minorities.\nIn the aftermath of the case, Shoneys complied with the affirmative action plan and significantly increased its hiring of restaurant managers, dining room supervisors, and servers of color. In 1995, the company brought in a new management team which greatly improved its position financially, and in hiring, promotion, and business opportunities for minoritized communities.\nNote written by\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["On April 4, 1989, Tallahassee (FL) attorney Tommy Warren and nine named plaintiffs, all former Shoneys and Captain Ds employees or job applicants, served Shoneys CEO, Ray Danner, and Shoneys, Inc. with a class-action suit alleging racial discrimination. The plaintiffs, represented by Warren and his co-counsel, civil rights attorney Barry Goldstein, sought more than half a billion dollars in back pay and punitive damages, in addition to a court-ordered affirmative action plan, to counteract claims of years of racially discriminatory company policy. Witnesses, such as Josephine Haynes, included tens of thousands of workers, former workers, and frustrated job applicants, who said they lost jobs, were denied jobs, or were not given opportunities at Shoneys for even the lowest-paying jobs because they were African-Americans. Other witnesses included lower level white managers, who testified that they were fired because they wouldnt follow company orders to reduce the number of African-Americans. Many said they were instructed to carry out a corporate strategy that was directed by the Companys founder and CEO, Ray Danner, not found in any Shoneys procedure manuals. During the course of the litigation, which lasted from 1989-1993, many allegations were made under oath, and entered into the court record that race discrimination at Shoneys was standard operating procedure and had existed during the entire time Ray Danner ran the company. Danner continually denied these allegations throughout the case.\nBy the time the case concluded in 1993, the total cost of the Shoneys settlement was $132.5 million, which was the plaintiffs final compromise figure and the largest ever in a racial discrimination case. In addition, Ray Danner personally contributed approximately $65 million to the settlement. This payment by an individual defendant was unprecedented in U.S. race discrimination cases. According to Steve Watkins The Black O, a book that documents the entire case, 28, 994 claims were submitted in the settlement. At Warren and Goldsteins insistence, that number was expanded beyond the scope of the class of discriminated individuals to include all of Shoneys divisions, except for the franchise stores, for the period from 1985 through November 3, 1992. Based on a complex formula approved by Judge Roger Vinson to determine the validity of those claims and the amount due each legitimate claimant, 20,909 people ultimately received money from the $105 million settlement pool. The plaintiffs attorneys spent nearly $2 million to notify these claimants about the settlement, an effort that the judge said was unmatched by any he had ever seen in a class-action case. Approximately $5 million from the settlement pool was designated for a special class of claimants, those who had been witnesses and named plaintiffs in the case. $10 million was earmarked for African-American former job applicants, and the bulk of the settlement, $90 million, went to incumbent African-American employees. Money left over when the settlement was completed, and after Shoneys final payment in 1998, was divided among five organizations: the United Negro College Fund, the Southern Poverty Law Center, the Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, the Washington Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, and Inroads, a group that works to increase management opportunities for minorities.\nIn the aftermath of the case, Shoneys complied with the affirmative action plan and significantly increased its hiring of restaurant managers, dining room supervisors, and servers of color. In 1995, the company brought in a new management team which greatly improved its position financially, and in hiring, promotion, and business opportunities for minoritized communities.\nNote written by"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHaynes et al. v. Shoney's, Inc. Papers, Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. https://purl.lib.fsu.edu/fa/MSS-2004-001\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Haynes et al. v. Shoney's, Inc. Papers, Special Collections \u0026 Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. https://purl.lib.fsu.edu/fa/MSS-2004-001"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePartially funded by a National Publications and Records Commission grant, the collection was processed by Chad Underwood from March 2005 to October 2006.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Partially funded by a National Publications and Records Commission grant, the collection was processed by Chad Underwood from March 2005 to October 2006."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Haynes v. Shoneys Papers documents the largest racial discrimination class-action suit against a private employer in the history of civil rights law. The collection has significant historical and research value for American legal history and civil rights scholars. Some topics include the admissibility of prior discrimination as evidence, adverse witnesses, affirmative action, allegations of recent discrimination, class certification, defendants contacts with plaintiffs' witnesses and clients, deceased claimants notes, destruction of evidence, jury selection, Raymond Danner's claim to fight race discrimination, and the Southern Christian Leadership Conferences covenant with Shoneys, in which the corporation promised that it would do business with minority-owned firms and target management jobs and franchise ownership opportunities for African-Americans. Among the materials included are all court pleadings and filings in the case, affidavits and declarations, challenges, consent decrees, correspondence, depositions, discovery documents, expert witness files, interrogatories, investigative files, newspaper and magazine articles, notebooks, orders, policies, press releases, questionnaires, reports, research materials, right-to-sue requests, settlement documents, shopper reports, surveys, visitation reports, and the deposition transcripts of over 150 witnesses, who document the history of the alleged discrimination of Shoneys, Inc and Ray Danner.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Haynes v. Shoneys Papers documents the largest racial discrimination class-action suit against a private employer in the history of civil rights law. The collection has significant historical and research value for American legal history and civil rights scholars. Some topics include the admissibility of prior discrimination as evidence, adverse witnesses, affirmative action, allegations of recent discrimination, class certification, defendants contacts with plaintiffs' witnesses and clients, deceased claimants notes, destruction of evidence, jury selection, Raymond Danner's claim to fight race discrimination, and the Southern Christian Leadership Conferences covenant with Shoneys, in which the corporation promised that it would do business with minority-owned firms and target management jobs and franchise ownership opportunities for African-Americans. Among the materials included are all court pleadings and filings in the case, affidavits and declarations, challenges, consent decrees, correspondence, depositions, discovery documents, expert witness files, interrogatories, investigative files, newspaper and magazine articles, notebooks, orders, policies, press releases, questionnaires, reports, research materials, right-to-sue requests, settlement documents, shopper reports, surveys, visitation reports, and the deposition transcripts of over 150 witnesses, who document the history of the alleged discrimination of Shoneys, Inc and Ray Danner."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections and Archives. 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However, since many records contain personal information, such as Social Security numbers, researchers are requested to contact the Special Collections Department in advance of their visit so that staff may review these materials. The Applicant Claim Forms and Notice of Approval of Current or Former Employee Claims Series, because of the confidential nature of these materials, are closed until 2063. Users may access this collection at the Claude Pepper Library. ","This collection is in an offsite storage location. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information.","On April 4, 1989, Tallahassee (FL) attorney Tommy Warren and nine named plaintiffs, all former Shoneys and Captain Ds employees or job applicants, served Shoneys CEO, Ray Danner, and Shoneys, Inc. with a class-action suit alleging racial discrimination. 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At Warren and Goldsteins insistence, that number was expanded beyond the scope of the class of discriminated individuals to include all of Shoneys divisions, except for the franchise stores, for the period from 1985 through November 3, 1992. Based on a complex formula approved by Judge Roger Vinson to determine the validity of those claims and the amount due each legitimate claimant, 20,909 people ultimately received money from the $105 million settlement pool. The plaintiffs attorneys spent nearly $2 million to notify these claimants about the settlement, an effort that the judge said was unmatched by any he had ever seen in a class-action case. Approximately $5 million from the settlement pool was designated for a special class of claimants, those who had been witnesses and named plaintiffs in the case. $10 million was earmarked for African-American former job applicants, and the bulk of the settlement, $90 million, went to incumbent African-American employees. Money left over when the settlement was completed, and after Shoneys final payment in 1998, was divided among five organizations: the United Negro College Fund, the Southern Poverty Law Center, the Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, the Washington Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, and Inroads, a group that works to increase management opportunities for minorities.\nIn the aftermath of the case, Shoneys complied with the affirmative action plan and significantly increased its hiring of restaurant managers, dining room supervisors, and servers of color. In 1995, the company brought in a new management team which greatly improved its position financially, and in hiring, promotion, and business opportunities for minoritized communities.\nNote written by","Partially funded by a National Publications and Records Commission grant, the collection was processed by Chad Underwood from March 2005 to October 2006.","The Haynes v. 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The plaintiffs, represented by Warren and his co-counsel, civil rights attorney Barry Goldstein, sought more than half a billion dollars in back pay and punitive damages, in addition to a court-ordered affirmative action plan, to counteract claims of years of racially discriminatory company policy. Witnesses, such as Josephine Haynes, included tens of thousands of workers, former workers, and frustrated job applicants, who said they lost jobs, were denied jobs, or were not given opportunities at Shoneys for even the lowest-paying jobs because they were African-Americans. Other witnesses included lower level white managers, who testified that they were fired because they wouldnt follow company orders to reduce the number of African-Americans. Many said they were instructed to carry out a corporate strategy that was directed by the Companys founder and CEO, Ray Danner, not found in any Shoneys procedure manuals. 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At Warren and Goldsteins insistence, that number was expanded beyond the scope of the class of discriminated individuals to include all of Shoneys divisions, except for the franchise stores, for the period from 1985 through November 3, 1992. Based on a complex formula approved by Judge Roger Vinson to determine the validity of those claims and the amount due each legitimate claimant, 20,909 people ultimately received money from the $105 million settlement pool. The plaintiffs attorneys spent nearly $2 million to notify these claimants about the settlement, an effort that the judge said was unmatched by any he had ever seen in a class-action case. Approximately $5 million from the settlement pool was designated for a special class of claimants, those who had been witnesses and named plaintiffs in the case. $10 million was earmarked for African-American former job applicants, and the bulk of the settlement, $90 million, went to incumbent African-American employees. Money left over when the settlement was completed, and after Shoneys final payment in 1998, was divided among five organizations: the United Negro College Fund, the Southern Poverty Law Center, the Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, the Washington Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, and Inroads, a group that works to increase management opportunities for minorities.\nIn the aftermath of the case, Shoneys complied with the affirmative action plan and significantly increased its hiring of restaurant managers, dining room supervisors, and servers of color. In 1995, the company brought in a new management team which greatly improved its position financially, and in hiring, promotion, and business opportunities for minoritized communities.\nNote written by\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["On April 4, 1989, Tallahassee (FL) attorney Tommy Warren and nine named plaintiffs, all former Shoneys and Captain Ds employees or job applicants, served Shoneys CEO, Ray Danner, and Shoneys, Inc. with a class-action suit alleging racial discrimination. The plaintiffs, represented by Warren and his co-counsel, civil rights attorney Barry Goldstein, sought more than half a billion dollars in back pay and punitive damages, in addition to a court-ordered affirmative action plan, to counteract claims of years of racially discriminatory company policy. Witnesses, such as Josephine Haynes, included tens of thousands of workers, former workers, and frustrated job applicants, who said they lost jobs, were denied jobs, or were not given opportunities at Shoneys for even the lowest-paying jobs because they were African-Americans. Other witnesses included lower level white managers, who testified that they were fired because they wouldnt follow company orders to reduce the number of African-Americans. Many said they were instructed to carry out a corporate strategy that was directed by the Companys founder and CEO, Ray Danner, not found in any Shoneys procedure manuals. During the course of the litigation, which lasted from 1989-1993, many allegations were made under oath, and entered into the court record that race discrimination at Shoneys was standard operating procedure and had existed during the entire time Ray Danner ran the company. Danner continually denied these allegations throughout the case.\nBy the time the case concluded in 1993, the total cost of the Shoneys settlement was $132.5 million, which was the plaintiffs final compromise figure and the largest ever in a racial discrimination case. In addition, Ray Danner personally contributed approximately $65 million to the settlement. This payment by an individual defendant was unprecedented in U.S. race discrimination cases. According to Steve Watkins The Black O, a book that documents the entire case, 28, 994 claims were submitted in the settlement. At Warren and Goldsteins insistence, that number was expanded beyond the scope of the class of discriminated individuals to include all of Shoneys divisions, except for the franchise stores, for the period from 1985 through November 3, 1992. Based on a complex formula approved by Judge Roger Vinson to determine the validity of those claims and the amount due each legitimate claimant, 20,909 people ultimately received money from the $105 million settlement pool. The plaintiffs attorneys spent nearly $2 million to notify these claimants about the settlement, an effort that the judge said was unmatched by any he had ever seen in a class-action case. Approximately $5 million from the settlement pool was designated for a special class of claimants, those who had been witnesses and named plaintiffs in the case. $10 million was earmarked for African-American former job applicants, and the bulk of the settlement, $90 million, went to incumbent African-American employees. Money left over when the settlement was completed, and after Shoneys final payment in 1998, was divided among five organizations: the United Negro College Fund, the Southern Poverty Law Center, the Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, the Washington Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, and Inroads, a group that works to increase management opportunities for minorities.\nIn the aftermath of the case, Shoneys complied with the affirmative action plan and significantly increased its hiring of restaurant managers, dining room supervisors, and servers of color. In 1995, the company brought in a new management team which greatly improved its position financially, and in hiring, promotion, and business opportunities for minoritized communities.\nNote written by"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHaynes et al. v. Shoney's, Inc. Papers, Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. https://purl.lib.fsu.edu/fa/MSS-2004-001\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Haynes et al. v. Shoney's, Inc. Papers, Special Collections \u0026 Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. https://purl.lib.fsu.edu/fa/MSS-2004-001"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePartially funded by a National Publications and Records Commission grant, the collection was processed by Chad Underwood from March 2005 to October 2006.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Partially funded by a National Publications and Records Commission grant, the collection was processed by Chad Underwood from March 2005 to October 2006."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Haynes v. Shoneys Papers documents the largest racial discrimination class-action suit against a private employer in the history of civil rights law. The collection has significant historical and research value for American legal history and civil rights scholars. Some topics include the admissibility of prior discrimination as evidence, adverse witnesses, affirmative action, allegations of recent discrimination, class certification, defendants contacts with plaintiffs' witnesses and clients, deceased claimants notes, destruction of evidence, jury selection, Raymond Danner's claim to fight race discrimination, and the Southern Christian Leadership Conferences covenant with Shoneys, in which the corporation promised that it would do business with minority-owned firms and target management jobs and franchise ownership opportunities for African-Americans. Among the materials included are all court pleadings and filings in the case, affidavits and declarations, challenges, consent decrees, correspondence, depositions, discovery documents, expert witness files, interrogatories, investigative files, newspaper and magazine articles, notebooks, orders, policies, press releases, questionnaires, reports, research materials, right-to-sue requests, settlement documents, shopper reports, surveys, visitation reports, and the deposition transcripts of over 150 witnesses, who document the history of the alleged discrimination of Shoneys, Inc and Ray Danner.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Haynes v. Shoneys Papers documents the largest racial discrimination class-action suit against a private employer in the history of civil rights law. The collection has significant historical and research value for American legal history and civil rights scholars. Some topics include the admissibility of prior discrimination as evidence, adverse witnesses, affirmative action, allegations of recent discrimination, class certification, defendants contacts with plaintiffs' witnesses and clients, deceased claimants notes, destruction of evidence, jury selection, Raymond Danner's claim to fight race discrimination, and the Southern Christian Leadership Conferences covenant with Shoneys, in which the corporation promised that it would do business with minority-owned firms and target management jobs and franchise ownership opportunities for African-Americans. Among the materials included are all court pleadings and filings in the case, affidavits and declarations, challenges, consent decrees, correspondence, depositions, discovery documents, expert witness files, interrogatories, investigative files, newspaper and magazine articles, notebooks, orders, policies, press releases, questionnaires, reports, research materials, right-to-sue requests, settlement documents, shopper reports, surveys, visitation reports, and the deposition transcripts of over 150 witnesses, who document the history of the alleged discrimination of Shoneys, Inc and Ray Danner."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections and Archives. 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Warren Law Offices (Tallahassee, Fla.)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Danner, Raymond L."],"persname_ssim":["Danner, Raymond L."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":4803,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"b7ddc964c6f13a7e308f2280","timestamp":"2026-07-09T10:15:54.221Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/b7ddc964c6f13a7e308f2280_aspace_129708"}},{"id":"6370922c1750cef4ef1d223f_aspace_17223","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Wilson, Tom","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/6370922c1750cef4ef1d223f_aspace_17223#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_17223","ref_ssm":["aspace_17223","aspace_17223"],"id":"6370922c1750cef4ef1d223f_aspace_17223","title_filing_ssi":"Wilson, Tom","title_ssm":["Wilson, Tom"],"title_tesim":["Wilson, Tom"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wilson, Tom"],"text":["Wilson, Tom","USF Photograph collection, 1958-1999","Watley - Winchester","Folder 94","/repositories/2/archival_objects/89332","box 68","folder 94"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["6370922c1750cef4ef1d223f","6370922c1750cef4ef1d223f_aspace_17238"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["USF Photograph collection, 1958-1999","Watley - Winchester"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["USF Photograph collection, 1958-1999","Watley - Winchester"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Box"],"unitid_ssm":["Folder 94","/repositories/2/archival_objects/89332"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["USF Photograph collection, 1958-1999"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":3760,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["None."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright. 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Today, the University of South Florida System is comprised of two separately accredited institutions, USF and USF St. Petersburg. USF consists of the main research campus in Tampa, which includes USF Health, and two regional campuses: USF Sarasota-Manatee and USF Polytechnic in Lakeland.","At the University of South Florida, federal funds for academic research and development increased 213 percent from 2000 to 2007.  According to the Chronicle of Higher Education, that makes USF the fastest growing research university in the United States. In the academic year 2008-09, USF reached a new high with $380.4 million in research grants and contracts.","As of 2010, USF serves more than 39,000 students and offers 228 degree programs at the undergraduate, graduate, specialist and doctoral levels, including the doctor of medicine, through its 11 colleges. USF is a member of the Big East Athletic Conference.","Ongoing","University Archives,  Special Collections, Department, Tampa Library, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.","USF Oracle","Inside USF","The University of South Florida (USF) Photograph Collection brings together photographs from two USF publications - Inside USF (the official magazine) and the Oracle (the student newspaper) - and a general collection of USF photographs.  By combining these collections, Special Collections has attempted to facilitate access, retrieval and use of USF photographs. This guide primarily serves as in index and provides a container listing and additional collection notes that indicate how some photographs have been categorized.","The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright. 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Today, the University of South Florida System is comprised of two separately accredited institutions, USF and USF St. Petersburg. USF consists of the main research campus in Tampa, which includes USF Health, and two regional campuses: USF Sarasota-Manatee and USF Polytechnic in Lakeland.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAt the University of South Florida, federal funds for academic research and development increased 213 percent from 2000 to 2007.\u0026#xA0; According to the Chronicle of Higher Education, that makes USF the fastest growing research university in the United States. In the academic year 2008-09, USF reached a new high with $380.4 million in research grants and contracts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAs of 2010, USF serves more than 39,000 students and offers 228 degree programs at the undergraduate, graduate, specialist and doctoral levels, including the doctor of medicine, through its 11 colleges. 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USF is a member of the Big East Athletic Conference."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUSF photograph collection, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["USF photograph collection, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOngoing\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Ongoing"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUniversity Archives,\u0026#xA0; Special Collections, Department, Tampa Library, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUSF Oracle\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eInside USF\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials","Related Publications"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["University Archives,  Special Collections, Department, Tampa Library, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.","USF Oracle","Inside USF"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe University of South Florida (USF) Photograph Collection brings together photographs from two USF publications - Inside USF (the official magazine) and the Oracle (the student newspaper) - and a general collection of USF photographs.\u0026#xA0; By combining these collections, Special Collections has attempted to facilitate access, retrieval and use of USF photographs. 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Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information."],"names_coll_ssim":["University of South Florida "],"names_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","University of South Florida "],"corpname_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","University of South Florida "],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3974,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870863222152626176,"_root_":"6370922c1750cef4ef1d223f","timestamp":"2026-07-16T09:30:04.366Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/6370922c1750cef4ef1d223f_aspace_17223"}},{"id":"f8f446b15f81524e15fa326b_aspace_132679","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Wilson, Viola","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/f8f446b15f81524e15fa326b_aspace_132679#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eVeteran: No\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/f8f446b15f81524e15fa326b_aspace_132679#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_132679","ref_ssm":["aspace_132679","aspace_132679"],"id":"f8f446b15f81524e15fa326b_aspace_132679","title_filing_ssi":"Wilson, Viola","title_ssm":["Wilson, Viola"],"title_tesim":["Wilson, Viola"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wilson, Viola"],"text":["Wilson, Viola","Tom Brokaw collection, 1941-1997, bulk 1998-2007","Veterans Mail","Folder 34","/repositories/10/archival_objects/16218","box 101","folder 34","Veteran: No","Subject:  Albon T. Wilson","Theater: European","Branch: Army","Unit/Ship/Squadron: 17th and 630th Artillery Battalion","Dates covered in folder: 1942-1945","POW: No","Description of folder contents: Short letter of thanks from widow of war veteran. 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Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"containers_ssim":["box 101","folder 34"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVeteran: No\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubject:  Albon T. Wilson\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTheater: European\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBranch: Army\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnit/Ship/Squadron: 17th and 630th Artillery Battalion\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDates covered in folder: 1942-1945\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePOW: No\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescription of folder contents: Short letter of thanks from widow of war veteran. 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Series one through seven and nine and ten are arranged alphabetically while series eight is arranged chronologically and alphabetically within the series.","Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022.","Originally donated to the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience at FSU in 2001, the Tom Brokaw Collection is comprised of material sent to Tom Brokaw by World War II veterans before, during and after the publishing of his books,  The Greatest Generation  (1998) and  The Greatest Generation Speaks  (1999).\n Contained within the Tom Brokaw Collection are reminiscences from World War II veterans and those who were alive during the conflict, correspondence written to families back home during the war years, publications from various World War II veterans associations, poems written by veterans and their families commemorating their service in the war, photographs as well as artifacts and ephemera from the war years.","All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.","FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Tom Brokaw","English"],"unitid_tesim":["01.0171","/repositories/10/resources/37"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1941-1997, bulk 1998-2007"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Tom Brokaw collection, 1941-1997, bulk 1998-2007"],"collection_title_tesim":["Tom Brokaw collection, 1941-1997, bulk 1998-2007"],"collection_ssim":["Tom Brokaw collection, 1941-1997, bulk 1998-2007"],"repository_ssm":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Tom Brokaw"],"creator_ssim":["Tom Brokaw"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Tom Brokaw"],"creators_ssim":["Tom Brokaw"],"access_terms_ssm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. 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