{"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026page=92","prev":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026page=91","next":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026page=93","last":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026page=660"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":92,"next_page":93,"prev_page":91,"total_pages":660,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":910,"total_count":6594,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"f98896827f16d52b3168e472_aspace_87f7f44a3b9e3fd72fe7c01eb92440dd","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"By-Laws, Organizational Plans, \u0026 History, 1916–1991","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/f98896827f16d52b3168e472_aspace_87f7f44a3b9e3fd72fe7c01eb92440dd#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_87f7f44a3b9e3fd72fe7c01eb92440dd","ref_ssm":["aspace_87f7f44a3b9e3fd72fe7c01eb92440dd","aspace_87f7f44a3b9e3fd72fe7c01eb92440dd"],"id":"f98896827f16d52b3168e472_aspace_87f7f44a3b9e3fd72fe7c01eb92440dd","title_filing_ssi":"By-Laws, Organizational Plans, \u0026 History","title_ssm":["By-Laws, Organizational Plans, \u0026 History"],"title_tesim":["By-Laws, Organizational Plans, \u0026 History"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1916–1991"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1916–1991"],"normalized_title_ssm":["By-Laws, Organizational Plans, \u0026 History, 1916–1991"],"text":["By-Laws, Organizational Plans, \u0026 History, 1916–1991","Children's Home Society of Florida collection, 1862-2019, bulk 1902-1997","State Organizational Files, 1886-2000","/repositories/4/archival_objects/68753"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["f98896827f16d52b3168e472","f98896827f16d52b3168e472_aspace_fe3154f62b64b6ce0e601b03fcc072df"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Children's Home Society of Florida collection, 1862-2019, bulk 1902-1997","State Organizational Files, 1886-2000"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Children's Home Society of Florida collection, 1862-2019, bulk 1902-1997","State Organizational Files, 1886-2000"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/4/archival_objects/68753"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Children's Home Society of Florida collection, 1862-2019, bulk 1902-1997"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":10,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":53,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The entire collection is open for research.","Photographs and Audio Visual, 1902-1997 (Series IV) and Additional Materials, 1862-2019 (Series VI) contain fragile AV material. No access copies are currently available. For further information, please contact Special Collections \u0026 University Archives."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"date_range_isim":[1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#20","_nest_parent_":"f98896827f16d52b3168e472_aspace_fe3154f62b64b6ce0e601b03fcc072df","_root_":"f98896827f16d52b3168e472","_version_":1870857973089173504,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:06:38.475Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"f98896827f16d52b3168e472","title_ssm":["Children's Home Society of Florida collection"],"title_tesim":["Children's Home Society of Florida collection"],"ead_ssi":"f98896827f16d52b3168e472","unitdate_ssm":["1862-2019","1902-1997"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1902-1997"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1862-2019"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 054","/repositories/4/resources/294"],"text":["SC 054","/repositories/4/resources/294","Children's Home Society of Florida collection, 1862-2019, bulk 1902-1997","Abandoned Children","Adoption -- Florida","Adoption -- United States -- History","Child welfare -- Florida","Foster children -- United States -- History","Nonprofit organizations -- Finance","Nonprofit organizations -- Management","Nonprofit organizations -- Planning","Poverty","Orphanages -- Florida","The entire collection is open for research.","Photographs and Audio Visual, 1902-1997 (Series IV) and Additional Materials, 1862-2019 (Series VI) contain fragile AV material. No access copies are currently available. For further information, please contact Special Collections \u0026 University Archives.","The Children's Home Society of Florida Collection is arranged into 5 series by types of content as well as by types of materials. The first three series feature personal and office files which show the birth and growth of the organization, sorted at the state and local division levels. The last two series holds audio visual and photographic ephemera as well as scrapbooks created by workers at the society.","To be an orphan in Florida at the turn of the twentieth century was a dangerous prospect. Children were being orphaned due to farm and industrial accidents and numerous poor families had to give up children they could no longer afford. Many children were abused and there were few laws that protected children's rights. Homeless children had little place to go where they could be safe, properly cared for, and loved.","\nIn response to this increasing crisis, the National Children's Home Society was formed in Illinois in 1883 to help place children who had been orphaned in farming and industrial accidents, spreading to several other states over the next decade. The Revered D. W. Comstock came to Jacksonville, Florida in 1902 as a representative of the National Children's Home Society to help organize the state's first child welfare society. On November 17, 1902, with the help of Rev. D. W. Comstock and Jacksonville's city and religious leaders, The Children's Home Society of Florida (CHSFL) was established. The welfare of the child was the society's primary focus, making sure that if the family could not be preserved that the child was placed in a happy and healthy home.","\nThe CHSFL was developed as a non-profit organization, relying solely on donations from the community. Fund-raising efforts began as administrative duties were carried out in private homes around the city. The children were also were being cared for in private residences as there was not yet a home secured for the society to board its charges. The CHSFL committed itself to not only children but to babies who were not accepted until the age of three at state orphanages (Mahoney, 5). Money was tight for the society and within the first few years, the CHSFL found itself in deep debt. By September of 1910, the CHSFL was facing the possibility of ending operations when a new state superintendent for the society entered its doors. Marcus C. Fagg was just 24 when he took control of the CHSFL but within a few short months, he had already obtained funding to start his first appeals drive. Many in the society to this day believe that it was Marcus C. Fagg who saved the CHSFL from closing its doors and built it to the standards that society members and workers adhere to today. Fagg's compassion towards children also did not go unnoticed; from his early years with the CHSFL, many children he helped referred to him as \"Daddy\" Fagg as a token of their appreciation for finding them loving homes.","\nMarcus Fagg brought innovative solutions to a dire financial situation. Using land donated or sold at cost to the society, Fagg either rented or sold land at higher costs to turn a profit. Fagg also helped poor families by renting them homes at drastically reduced rental costs with an option to later buy the homes. Marcus Fagg helped dozens of poor families regain their footing while also helping the CHSFL emerge from a deep hole of financial debt.","\nThough Marcus Fagg began to save the society financially, the society still fell on hard times. The country became entangled in the agony of the Great Depression in the 1930s and the CHSFL suffered with the rest of the nation. The Miami receiving home was lost due to a lack of finances but was thankfully picked up and operated by the Junior League until 1936 when CHSFL was able to once again run the home. Marcus Fagg also made history in 1932 by becoming the first chairman of the new Florida State Welfare Board. Through the 1940s and 1950s, CHSFL was instrumental in securing rights and welfare laws for children nationwide. CHSFL was one of the founding members of the Child Welfare League of America and was one of the only societies in the country to handle state adoptions without the aid of a state agency. The society also saw rapid growth, thanks in part to the massive fund-raising performed by Marcus Fagg; several new division offices opened throughout the state, many of whom offered special services for children. CHSFL also began offering services to unwed mothers, further committing themselves to the family rather than just simply finding homes for children.","\nOne of the saddest moments for the CHSFL was the loss of their mentor and leader, Marcus C. \"Daddy\" Fagg in 1958. After Fagg's passing, newspapers throughout Florida ran headlines announcing the loss of a great state hero. Buried in a simple grave in Jacksonville, Florida, Fagg's life and legacy still serves as a reminder to the CHSFL of their continued effort to help abused and orphaned children in the state of Florida.","\nSegregation and integration played an important role for CHSFL in the 1960s as the society began caring for and adopting out African-American children from their receiving homes. Historically, the society took in mostly white children. As the Civil Rights movement grew in the 1960's, the society re-examined the scope of its adoption policies and began taking in and offering adoption services for the African-American community. This was a significant development both for the society and for the Civil Rights movement; African-American children were being given the same adoption services as white children at a time when the issue of race was dominant in society and politics. As the country rapidly changed, so did the society, offering for the first time services in schools for handicapped, delinquent, and abused children as well children living in racially mixed households. These services would grow and define the society through to the end of the 1990s.","\nJust three years into the new millennium and the society's second century of service, the CHSFL moved its headquarters from its birthplace in Jacksonville to more centrally located offices in Winter Park, Florida. Now over one hundred years old, the CHSFL offers fourteen divisions that serve the entire state of Florida.","Collection processed by Ari Karlene Anderson; finding aid prepared by April Karlene Anderson and Katie Seeler. All paper materials have been placed in acid free folders and stored in archival containers. Some larger paper materials, such as maps and large photographs were also placed in acid free folders but are stored in archival flat files. Paper clips have been removed and replaced with plastic clips. In some cases, rusty staples have also been removed. Post-it notes have been moved to the edges of papers and copies have been made of more fragile materials such as news clippings. Photo blocks have been placed in archival trays, stored in separate bins to prevent them from scraping against one another. Any audio or visual media in cases were kept in their containers but placed collectively in archival boxes. Loose pages and items in the scrapbooks have been secured either with plastic clips or placed in archival folders and the entire book has been wrapped in acid free archival paper. Additional materials processed and integrated into the main collection by Suphi Burak Ogreten. Collection rehoused and container list revised by Asmara Cortes-Caba in 2023.","Blount Family papers , University of West Florida University Archives and West Florida History Center, Pensacola, Florida. ","Adoption Records: This collection does not contain any records on adopted individuals or families from the Children's Home Society of Florida. However, the society does have the CHS Adoptions Archive Unit which is dedicated to the preservation and research of these records. They can be found at  http://www.chsfl.org .","Books:","Georgia Gertrude Ralph,  Elements of Record Keeping for Child-Helping Organizations , (New York: The De Vinne Press, 1915.)","Lawrence Mahoney,  Children and hope : a history of the Children's Home Society of Florida , (Miami: Pickering Press, 1987).","Other Locations:","Pensacola Historical Society's Historical Resource Center, 110 East Church Street, Pensacola, Florida 32502. Phone: (850) 434-5455 Website:  http://www.pensacolahistory.org  (Western Division).","Florida Department of State, State Archives of Florida, R. A. Gray Building 500 South Bronough Street Tallahassee, FL 32399-0250. Website:  https://dos.myflorida.com/library-archives/archives .","The Children's Home Society of Florida Collection contains personal and organizational papers, photographs, audio and visual materials, as well as ledgers and scrapbooks. The collection is arranged by both content and materials types and have been organized into the following series:","\nSeries I: Biographical Files, 1900-1991, contains the files of individuals who were instrumental in the creation and/or the operations of the Children's Home Society of Florida. Correspondence makes up the majority of this series as it show the creation of the society (Comstock, Harkins, Seaton), its resurrection (Fagg), and its continued operations.","\nSeries II: State Organizational Files, 1886-2000, includes files that were used in the operations of the society as a whole. Financial documents, correspondence, reports, as well as the meeting minutes of the various committees that ran the society can be found in this series.","\nSeries III: Division Files, 1921-circa 1995, consists of files for local divisions located throughout the state. Some divisions are no longer in operation, having been closed completely or absorbed into another division. These older divisions can be found here in their original name. Meeting minutes for each division are also located here.","\nSeries IV: Photographs and Audio Visual, 1902-1997, holds both audio and visual media used by the Children's Home Society of Florida in promoting their society as well as raising funds.","\nSeries V: Ledger and Scrapbooks, 1902-1978, includes miscellaneous ledger and scrapbooks created by the Children's Home Society of Florida. The ledger books vary in format but are generally are either inventory or accounting in nature. The scrapbooks are made up of five volumes, all created by workers at the Children's Home Society of Florida. News clippings make up the majority of the scrapbooks contents but some do contain publications made by the Children's Home Society of Florida. There are also four Rose Keller Home scrapbooks made by workers at the Rose Keller Division in Lakeland, Florida. The Rose Keller Home scrapbooks give a brief history of the division as well as chronicle events at the home.","\nSeries VI: Additional Materials, 1862-2012, holds additional materials received from the Children's Home Society of Florida including organizational files, ephemera, photographs and audio/visual materials.","Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","The Children's Home Society of Florida Collection contains organizational papers and ephemera that document the creation and operations of Florida's oldest non-profit adoption agency. The collection includes organizational papers from its state and local divisions, photographs, news clippings, audio and visual media, scrapbooks, and blueprints of the many receiving homes in the state, but does not contain adoption records. Adoption records remain at the CHSFL Adoption Archive and are available by contacting the society directly.","UCF Special Collections","Children's Home Society of Florida","Florida. Department of Children and Families","Child Welfare League of America","Florida. State Board of Public Welfare","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 054","/repositories/4/resources/294"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1862-2019, bulk 1902-1997"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Children's Home Society of Florida collection, 1862-2019, bulk 1902-1997"],"collection_title_tesim":["Children's Home Society of Florida collection, 1862-2019, bulk 1902-1997"],"collection_ssim":["Children's Home Society of Florida collection, 1862-2019, bulk 1902-1997"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"creator_ssm":["Children's Home Society of Florida"],"creator_ssim":["Children's Home Society of Florida"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Children's Home Society of Florida"],"creators_ssim":["Children's Home Society of Florida"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Children's Home Society of Florida donated these materials to the University of Central Florida Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives Department in 2004 (CFM2004_04). Additional matterials were added in 2015 (CFM2015_06), 2016 (CFM2016_03), 2017 (CFM2017_05), 2020 (CFM2020_11), and 2021 (CFM2021_06)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Abandoned Children","Adoption -- Florida","Adoption -- United States -- History","Child welfare -- Florida","Foster children -- United States -- History","Nonprofit organizations -- Finance","Nonprofit organizations -- Management","Nonprofit organizations -- Planning","Poverty","Orphanages -- Florida"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Abandoned Children","Adoption -- Florida","Adoption -- United States -- History","Child welfare -- Florida","Foster children -- United States -- History","Nonprofit organizations -- Finance","Nonprofit organizations -- Management","Nonprofit organizations -- Planning","Poverty","Orphanages -- Florida"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["102.75 Linear Feet 117 boxes, 5 scrapbooks, 13 flat files"],"extent_tesim":["102.75 Linear Feet 117 boxes, 5 scrapbooks, 13 flat files"],"date_range_isim":[1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs and Audio Visual, 1902-1997 (Series IV) and Additional Materials, 1862-2019 (Series VI) contain fragile AV material. No access copies are currently available. For further information, please contact Special Collections \u0026amp; University Archives.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research.","Photographs and Audio Visual, 1902-1997 (Series IV) and Additional Materials, 1862-2019 (Series VI) contain fragile AV material. No access copies are currently available. For further information, please contact Special Collections \u0026 University Archives."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Children's Home Society of Florida Collection is arranged into 5 series by types of content as well as by types of materials. The first three series feature personal and office files which show the birth and growth of the organization, sorted at the state and local division levels. The last two series holds audio visual and photographic ephemera as well as scrapbooks created by workers at the society.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Children's Home Society of Florida Collection is arranged into 5 series by types of content as well as by types of materials. The first three series feature personal and office files which show the birth and growth of the organization, sorted at the state and local division levels. The last two series holds audio visual and photographic ephemera as well as scrapbooks created by workers at the society."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTo be an orphan in Florida at the turn of the twentieth century was a dangerous prospect. Children were being orphaned due to farm and industrial accidents and numerous poor families had to give up children they could no longer afford. Many children were abused and there were few laws that protected children's rights. Homeless children had little place to go where they could be safe, properly cared for, and loved.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nIn response to this increasing crisis, the National Children's Home Society was formed in Illinois in 1883 to help place children who had been orphaned in farming and industrial accidents, spreading to several other states over the next decade. The Revered D. W. Comstock came to Jacksonville, Florida in 1902 as a representative of the National Children's Home Society to help organize the state's first child welfare society. On November 17, 1902, with the help of Rev. D. W. Comstock and Jacksonville's city and religious leaders, The Children's Home Society of Florida (CHSFL) was established. The welfare of the child was the society's primary focus, making sure that if the family could not be preserved that the child was placed in a happy and healthy home.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThe CHSFL was developed as a non-profit organization, relying solely on donations from the community. Fund-raising efforts began as administrative duties were carried out in private homes around the city. The children were also were being cared for in private residences as there was not yet a home secured for the society to board its charges. The CHSFL committed itself to not only children but to babies who were not accepted until the age of three at state orphanages (Mahoney, 5). Money was tight for the society and within the first few years, the CHSFL found itself in deep debt. By September of 1910, the CHSFL was facing the possibility of ending operations when a new state superintendent for the society entered its doors. Marcus C. Fagg was just 24 when he took control of the CHSFL but within a few short months, he had already obtained funding to start his first appeals drive. Many in the society to this day believe that it was Marcus C. Fagg who saved the CHSFL from closing its doors and built it to the standards that society members and workers adhere to today. Fagg's compassion towards children also did not go unnoticed; from his early years with the CHSFL, many children he helped referred to him as \"Daddy\" Fagg as a token of their appreciation for finding them loving homes.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nMarcus Fagg brought innovative solutions to a dire financial situation. Using land donated or sold at cost to the society, Fagg either rented or sold land at higher costs to turn a profit. Fagg also helped poor families by renting them homes at drastically reduced rental costs with an option to later buy the homes. Marcus Fagg helped dozens of poor families regain their footing while also helping the CHSFL emerge from a deep hole of financial debt.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThough Marcus Fagg began to save the society financially, the society still fell on hard times. The country became entangled in the agony of the Great Depression in the 1930s and the CHSFL suffered with the rest of the nation. The Miami receiving home was lost due to a lack of finances but was thankfully picked up and operated by the Junior League until 1936 when CHSFL was able to once again run the home. Marcus Fagg also made history in 1932 by becoming the first chairman of the new Florida State Welfare Board. Through the 1940s and 1950s, CHSFL was instrumental in securing rights and welfare laws for children nationwide. CHSFL was one of the founding members of the Child Welfare League of America and was one of the only societies in the country to handle state adoptions without the aid of a state agency. The society also saw rapid growth, thanks in part to the massive fund-raising performed by Marcus Fagg; several new division offices opened throughout the state, many of whom offered special services for children. CHSFL also began offering services to unwed mothers, further committing themselves to the family rather than just simply finding homes for children.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nOne of the saddest moments for the CHSFL was the loss of their mentor and leader, Marcus C. \"Daddy\" Fagg in 1958. After Fagg's passing, newspapers throughout Florida ran headlines announcing the loss of a great state hero. Buried in a simple grave in Jacksonville, Florida, Fagg's life and legacy still serves as a reminder to the CHSFL of their continued effort to help abused and orphaned children in the state of Florida.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSegregation and integration played an important role for CHSFL in the 1960s as the society began caring for and adopting out African-American children from their receiving homes. Historically, the society took in mostly white children. As the Civil Rights movement grew in the 1960's, the society re-examined the scope of its adoption policies and began taking in and offering adoption services for the African-American community. This was a significant development both for the society and for the Civil Rights movement; African-American children were being given the same adoption services as white children at a time when the issue of race was dominant in society and politics. As the country rapidly changed, so did the society, offering for the first time services in schools for handicapped, delinquent, and abused children as well children living in racially mixed households. These services would grow and define the society through to the end of the 1990s.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nJust three years into the new millennium and the society's second century of service, the CHSFL moved its headquarters from its birthplace in Jacksonville to more centrally located offices in Winter Park, Florida. Now over one hundred years old, the CHSFL offers fourteen divisions that serve the entire state of Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["To be an orphan in Florida at the turn of the twentieth century was a dangerous prospect. Children were being orphaned due to farm and industrial accidents and numerous poor families had to give up children they could no longer afford. Many children were abused and there were few laws that protected children's rights. Homeless children had little place to go where they could be safe, properly cared for, and loved.","\nIn response to this increasing crisis, the National Children's Home Society was formed in Illinois in 1883 to help place children who had been orphaned in farming and industrial accidents, spreading to several other states over the next decade. The Revered D. W. Comstock came to Jacksonville, Florida in 1902 as a representative of the National Children's Home Society to help organize the state's first child welfare society. On November 17, 1902, with the help of Rev. D. W. Comstock and Jacksonville's city and religious leaders, The Children's Home Society of Florida (CHSFL) was established. The welfare of the child was the society's primary focus, making sure that if the family could not be preserved that the child was placed in a happy and healthy home.","\nThe CHSFL was developed as a non-profit organization, relying solely on donations from the community. Fund-raising efforts began as administrative duties were carried out in private homes around the city. The children were also were being cared for in private residences as there was not yet a home secured for the society to board its charges. The CHSFL committed itself to not only children but to babies who were not accepted until the age of three at state orphanages (Mahoney, 5). Money was tight for the society and within the first few years, the CHSFL found itself in deep debt. By September of 1910, the CHSFL was facing the possibility of ending operations when a new state superintendent for the society entered its doors. Marcus C. Fagg was just 24 when he took control of the CHSFL but within a few short months, he had already obtained funding to start his first appeals drive. Many in the society to this day believe that it was Marcus C. Fagg who saved the CHSFL from closing its doors and built it to the standards that society members and workers adhere to today. Fagg's compassion towards children also did not go unnoticed; from his early years with the CHSFL, many children he helped referred to him as \"Daddy\" Fagg as a token of their appreciation for finding them loving homes.","\nMarcus Fagg brought innovative solutions to a dire financial situation. Using land donated or sold at cost to the society, Fagg either rented or sold land at higher costs to turn a profit. Fagg also helped poor families by renting them homes at drastically reduced rental costs with an option to later buy the homes. Marcus Fagg helped dozens of poor families regain their footing while also helping the CHSFL emerge from a deep hole of financial debt.","\nThough Marcus Fagg began to save the society financially, the society still fell on hard times. The country became entangled in the agony of the Great Depression in the 1930s and the CHSFL suffered with the rest of the nation. The Miami receiving home was lost due to a lack of finances but was thankfully picked up and operated by the Junior League until 1936 when CHSFL was able to once again run the home. Marcus Fagg also made history in 1932 by becoming the first chairman of the new Florida State Welfare Board. Through the 1940s and 1950s, CHSFL was instrumental in securing rights and welfare laws for children nationwide. CHSFL was one of the founding members of the Child Welfare League of America and was one of the only societies in the country to handle state adoptions without the aid of a state agency. The society also saw rapid growth, thanks in part to the massive fund-raising performed by Marcus Fagg; several new division offices opened throughout the state, many of whom offered special services for children. CHSFL also began offering services to unwed mothers, further committing themselves to the family rather than just simply finding homes for children.","\nOne of the saddest moments for the CHSFL was the loss of their mentor and leader, Marcus C. \"Daddy\" Fagg in 1958. After Fagg's passing, newspapers throughout Florida ran headlines announcing the loss of a great state hero. Buried in a simple grave in Jacksonville, Florida, Fagg's life and legacy still serves as a reminder to the CHSFL of their continued effort to help abused and orphaned children in the state of Florida.","\nSegregation and integration played an important role for CHSFL in the 1960s as the society began caring for and adopting out African-American children from their receiving homes. Historically, the society took in mostly white children. As the Civil Rights movement grew in the 1960's, the society re-examined the scope of its adoption policies and began taking in and offering adoption services for the African-American community. This was a significant development both for the society and for the Civil Rights movement; African-American children were being given the same adoption services as white children at a time when the issue of race was dominant in society and politics. As the country rapidly changed, so did the society, offering for the first time services in schools for handicapped, delinquent, and abused children as well children living in racially mixed households. These services would grow and define the society through to the end of the 1990s.","\nJust three years into the new millennium and the society's second century of service, the CHSFL moved its headquarters from its birthplace in Jacksonville to more centrally located offices in Winter Park, Florida. Now over one hundred years old, the CHSFL offers fourteen divisions that serve the entire state of Florida."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Children's Home Society of Florida Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["The Children's Home Society of Florida Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection processed by Ari Karlene Anderson; finding aid prepared by April Karlene Anderson and Katie Seeler. All paper materials have been placed in acid free folders and stored in archival containers. Some larger paper materials, such as maps and large photographs were also placed in acid free folders but are stored in archival flat files. Paper clips have been removed and replaced with plastic clips. In some cases, rusty staples have also been removed. Post-it notes have been moved to the edges of papers and copies have been made of more fragile materials such as news clippings. Photo blocks have been placed in archival trays, stored in separate bins to prevent them from scraping against one another. Any audio or visual media in cases were kept in their containers but placed collectively in archival boxes. Loose pages and items in the scrapbooks have been secured either with plastic clips or placed in archival folders and the entire book has been wrapped in acid free archival paper. Additional materials processed and integrated into the main collection by Suphi Burak Ogreten. Collection rehoused and container list revised by Asmara Cortes-Caba in 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Collection processed by Ari Karlene Anderson; finding aid prepared by April Karlene Anderson and Katie Seeler. All paper materials have been placed in acid free folders and stored in archival containers. Some larger paper materials, such as maps and large photographs were also placed in acid free folders but are stored in archival flat files. Paper clips have been removed and replaced with plastic clips. In some cases, rusty staples have also been removed. Post-it notes have been moved to the edges of papers and copies have been made of more fragile materials such as news clippings. Photo blocks have been placed in archival trays, stored in separate bins to prevent them from scraping against one another. Any audio or visual media in cases were kept in their containers but placed collectively in archival boxes. Loose pages and items in the scrapbooks have been secured either with plastic clips or placed in archival folders and the entire book has been wrapped in acid free archival paper. Additional materials processed and integrated into the main collection by Suphi Burak Ogreten. Collection rehoused and container list revised by Asmara Cortes-Caba in 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref href=\"https://uwf.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/350\"\u003eBlount Family papers\u003c/extref\u003e, University of West Florida University Archives and West Florida History Center, Pensacola, Florida. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAdoption Records: This collection does not contain any records on adopted individuals or families from the Children's Home Society of Florida. However, the society does have the CHS Adoptions Archive Unit which is dedicated to the preservation and research of these records. They can be found at \u003cextref href=\"http://www.chsfl.org\"\u003ehttp://www.chsfl.org\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBooks:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorgia Gertrude Ralph, \u003cextref href=\"https://ucf-flvc.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01FALSC_UCF/6a1ouu/alma990260914050306596\"\u003eElements of Record Keeping for Child-Helping Organizations\u003c/extref\u003e, (New York: The De Vinne Press, 1915.)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLawrence Mahoney, \u003cextref href=\"https://ucf-flvc.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01FALSC_UCF/6a1ouu/alma990211238530306596\"\u003eChildren and hope : a history of the Children's Home Society of Florida\u003c/extref\u003e, (Miami: Pickering Press, 1987).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOther Locations:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePensacola Historical Society's Historical Resource Center, 110 East Church Street, Pensacola, Florida 32502. Phone: (850) 434-5455 Website: \u003cextref href=\"http://www.pensacolahistory.org\"\u003ehttp://www.pensacolahistory.org\u003c/extref\u003e (Western Division).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFlorida Department of State, State Archives of Florida, R. A. Gray Building 500 South Bronough Street Tallahassee, FL 32399-0250. Website: \u003cextref href=\"https://dos.myflorida.com/library-archives/archives\"\u003ehttps://dos.myflorida.com/library-archives/archives\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Blount Family papers , University of West Florida University Archives and West Florida History Center, Pensacola, Florida. ","Adoption Records: This collection does not contain any records on adopted individuals or families from the Children's Home Society of Florida. However, the society does have the CHS Adoptions Archive Unit which is dedicated to the preservation and research of these records. They can be found at  http://www.chsfl.org .","Books:","Georgia Gertrude Ralph,  Elements of Record Keeping for Child-Helping Organizations , (New York: The De Vinne Press, 1915.)","Lawrence Mahoney,  Children and hope : a history of the Children's Home Society of Florida , (Miami: Pickering Press, 1987).","Other Locations:","Pensacola Historical Society's Historical Resource Center, 110 East Church Street, Pensacola, Florida 32502. Phone: (850) 434-5455 Website:  http://www.pensacolahistory.org  (Western Division).","Florida Department of State, State Archives of Florida, R. A. Gray Building 500 South Bronough Street Tallahassee, FL 32399-0250. Website:  https://dos.myflorida.com/library-archives/archives ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Children's Home Society of Florida Collection contains personal and organizational papers, photographs, audio and visual materials, as well as ledgers and scrapbooks. The collection is arranged by both content and materials types and have been organized into the following series:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries I: Biographical Files, 1900-1991, contains the files of individuals who were instrumental in the creation and/or the operations of the Children's Home Society of Florida. Correspondence makes up the majority of this series as it show the creation of the society (Comstock, Harkins, Seaton), its resurrection (Fagg), and its continued operations.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries II: State Organizational Files, 1886-2000, includes files that were used in the operations of the society as a whole. Financial documents, correspondence, reports, as well as the meeting minutes of the various committees that ran the society can be found in this series.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries III: Division Files, 1921-circa 1995, consists of files for local divisions located throughout the state. Some divisions are no longer in operation, having been closed completely or absorbed into another division. These older divisions can be found here in their original name. Meeting minutes for each division are also located here.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries IV: Photographs and Audio Visual, 1902-1997, holds both audio and visual media used by the Children's Home Society of Florida in promoting their society as well as raising funds.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries V: Ledger and Scrapbooks, 1902-1978, includes miscellaneous ledger and scrapbooks created by the Children's Home Society of Florida. The ledger books vary in format but are generally are either inventory or accounting in nature. The scrapbooks are made up of five volumes, all created by workers at the Children's Home Society of Florida. News clippings make up the majority of the scrapbooks contents but some do contain publications made by the Children's Home Society of Florida. There are also four Rose Keller Home scrapbooks made by workers at the Rose Keller Division in Lakeland, Florida. The Rose Keller Home scrapbooks give a brief history of the division as well as chronicle events at the home.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VI: Additional Materials, 1862-2012, holds additional materials received from the Children's Home Society of Florida including organizational files, ephemera, photographs and audio/visual materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Children's Home Society of Florida Collection contains personal and organizational papers, photographs, audio and visual materials, as well as ledgers and scrapbooks. The collection is arranged by both content and materials types and have been organized into the following series:","\nSeries I: Biographical Files, 1900-1991, contains the files of individuals who were instrumental in the creation and/or the operations of the Children's Home Society of Florida. Correspondence makes up the majority of this series as it show the creation of the society (Comstock, Harkins, Seaton), its resurrection (Fagg), and its continued operations.","\nSeries II: State Organizational Files, 1886-2000, includes files that were used in the operations of the society as a whole. Financial documents, correspondence, reports, as well as the meeting minutes of the various committees that ran the society can be found in this series.","\nSeries III: Division Files, 1921-circa 1995, consists of files for local divisions located throughout the state. Some divisions are no longer in operation, having been closed completely or absorbed into another division. These older divisions can be found here in their original name. Meeting minutes for each division are also located here.","\nSeries IV: Photographs and Audio Visual, 1902-1997, holds both audio and visual media used by the Children's Home Society of Florida in promoting their society as well as raising funds.","\nSeries V: Ledger and Scrapbooks, 1902-1978, includes miscellaneous ledger and scrapbooks created by the Children's Home Society of Florida. The ledger books vary in format but are generally are either inventory or accounting in nature. The scrapbooks are made up of five volumes, all created by workers at the Children's Home Society of Florida. News clippings make up the majority of the scrapbooks contents but some do contain publications made by the Children's Home Society of Florida. There are also four Rose Keller Home scrapbooks made by workers at the Rose Keller Division in Lakeland, Florida. The Rose Keller Home scrapbooks give a brief history of the division as well as chronicle events at the home.","\nSeries VI: Additional Materials, 1862-2012, holds additional materials received from the Children's Home Society of Florida including organizational files, ephemera, photographs and audio/visual materials."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Copyright Statement"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_116bbdee47170dbab5d0053b5cc9d529\"\u003eThe Children's Home Society of Florida Collection contains organizational papers and ephemera that document the creation and operations of Florida's oldest non-profit adoption agency. The collection includes organizational papers from its state and local divisions, photographs, news clippings, audio and visual media, scrapbooks, and blueprints of the many receiving homes in the state, but does not contain adoption records. Adoption records remain at the CHSFL Adoption Archive and are available by contacting the society directly.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Children's Home Society of Florida Collection contains organizational papers and ephemera that document the creation and operations of Florida's oldest non-profit adoption agency. The collection includes organizational papers from its state and local divisions, photographs, news clippings, audio and visual media, scrapbooks, and blueprints of the many receiving homes in the state, but does not contain adoption records. Adoption records remain at the CHSFL Adoption Archive and are available by contacting the society directly."],"names_coll_ssim":["Florida. Department of Children and Families","Child Welfare League of America","Florida. State Board of Public Welfare"],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Children's Home Society of Florida","Florida. Department of Children and Families","Child Welfare League of America","Florida. State Board of Public Welfare"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Children's Home Society of Florida","Florida. Department of Children and Families","Child Welfare League of America","Florida. State Board of Public Welfare"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1225,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870857973089173504,"_root_":"f98896827f16d52b3168e472","timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:06:38.475Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/f98896827f16d52b3168e472_aspace_87f7f44a3b9e3fd72fe7c01eb92440dd"}},{"id":"b7ddc964c6f13a7e308f2280_aspace_125226","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"C-1(a)(1) Shoney's First Set of Interrogatories and Plaintiffs' Answers, 1989 and undated","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/b7ddc964c6f13a7e308f2280_aspace_125226#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_125226","ref_ssm":["aspace_125226","aspace_125226"],"id":"b7ddc964c6f13a7e308f2280_aspace_125226","title_filing_ssi":"C-1(a)(1) Shoney's First Set of Interrogatories and Plaintiffs' Answers","title_ssm":["C-1(a)(1) Shoney's First Set of Interrogatories and Plaintiffs' Answers"],"title_tesim":["C-1(a)(1) Shoney's First Set of Interrogatories and Plaintiffs' Answers"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1989 and undated"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1989 and undated"],"normalized_title_ssm":["C-1(a)(1) Shoney's First Set of Interrogatories and Plaintiffs' Answers, 1989 and undated"],"text":["C-1(a)(1) Shoney's First Set of Interrogatories and Plaintiffs' Answers, 1989 and undated","Haynes et al. v. Shoney's, Inc. Papers, 1959-1997, bulk 1990-1994","Discovery, 1983-1992, undated","1","/repositories/10/archival_objects/116757"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["b7ddc964c6f13a7e308f2280","b7ddc964c6f13a7e308f2280_aspace_125223"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Haynes et al. v. Shoney's, Inc. Papers, 1959-1997, bulk 1990-1994","Discovery, 1983-1992, undated"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Haynes et al. v. Shoney's, Inc. Papers, 1959-1997, bulk 1990-1994","Discovery, 1983-1992, undated"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["1","/repositories/10/archival_objects/116757"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Haynes et al. v. Shoney's, Inc. Papers, 1959-1997, bulk 1990-1994"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":6,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":286,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open to all researchers. However, since many records contain personal information, such as Social Security numbers, researchers are requested to contact the Special Collections Department in advance of their visit so that staff may review these materials. The Applicant Claim Forms and Notice of Approval of Current or Former Employee Claims Series, because of the confidential nature of these materials, are closed until 2063. Users may access this collection at the Claude Pepper Library. ","This collection is in an offsite storage location. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections and Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#0","_nest_parent_":"b7ddc964c6f13a7e308f2280_aspace_125223","_root_":"b7ddc964c6f13a7e308f2280","timestamp":"2026-07-09T10:15:54.221Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"b7ddc964c6f13a7e308f2280","title_ssm":["Haynes et al. v. Shoney's, Inc. Papers"],"title_tesim":["Haynes et al. v. Shoney's, Inc. Papers"],"ead_ssi":"b7ddc964c6f13a7e308f2280","unitdate_ssm":["1959-1997","1990-1994"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1990-1994"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1959-1997"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 2004-001","/repositories/10/resources/728"],"text":["MSS 2004-001","/repositories/10/resources/728","Haynes et al. v. Shoney's, Inc. Papers, 1959-1997, bulk 1990-1994","Discrimination in employment--United States--Case studies","Discrimination in restaurants--United States--Case studies","Race discrimination--United States","Shoney's Inc.--Personnel management","Interviews.","African Americans--Employment","Clippings (Books, newspapers, etc.)","Correspondence","Legal documents.","Notebooks.","Reports","Sound recordings.","Videocassettes.","This collection is open to all researchers. However, since many records contain personal information, such as Social Security numbers, researchers are requested to contact the Special Collections Department in advance of their visit so that staff may review these materials. The Applicant Claim Forms and Notice of Approval of Current or Former Employee Claims Series, because of the confidential nature of these materials, are closed until 2063. Users may access this collection at the Claude Pepper Library. ","This collection is in an offsite storage location. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information.","On April 4, 1989, Tallahassee (FL) attorney Tommy Warren and nine named plaintiffs, all former Shoneys and Captain Ds employees or job applicants, served Shoneys CEO, Ray Danner, and Shoneys, Inc. with a class-action suit alleging racial discrimination. The plaintiffs, represented by Warren and his co-counsel, civil rights attorney Barry Goldstein, sought more than half a billion dollars in back pay and punitive damages, in addition to a court-ordered affirmative action plan, to counteract claims of years of racially discriminatory company policy. Witnesses, such as Josephine Haynes, included tens of thousands of workers, former workers, and frustrated job applicants, who said they lost jobs, were denied jobs, or were not given opportunities at Shoneys for even the lowest-paying jobs because they were African-Americans. Other witnesses included lower level white managers, who testified that they were fired because they wouldnt follow company orders to reduce the number of African-Americans. Many said they were instructed to carry out a corporate strategy that was directed by the Companys founder and CEO, Ray Danner, not found in any Shoneys procedure manuals. During the course of the litigation, which lasted from 1989-1993, many allegations were made under oath, and entered into the court record that race discrimination at Shoneys was standard operating procedure and had existed during the entire time Ray Danner ran the company. Danner continually denied these allegations throughout the case.\nBy the time the case concluded in 1993, the total cost of the Shoneys settlement was $132.5 million, which was the plaintiffs final compromise figure and the largest ever in a racial discrimination case. In addition, Ray Danner personally contributed approximately $65 million to the settlement. This payment by an individual defendant was unprecedented in U.S. race discrimination cases. According to Steve Watkins The Black O, a book that documents the entire case, 28, 994 claims were submitted in the settlement. At Warren and Goldsteins insistence, that number was expanded beyond the scope of the class of discriminated individuals to include all of Shoneys divisions, except for the franchise stores, for the period from 1985 through November 3, 1992. Based on a complex formula approved by Judge Roger Vinson to determine the validity of those claims and the amount due each legitimate claimant, 20,909 people ultimately received money from the $105 million settlement pool. The plaintiffs attorneys spent nearly $2 million to notify these claimants about the settlement, an effort that the judge said was unmatched by any he had ever seen in a class-action case. Approximately $5 million from the settlement pool was designated for a special class of claimants, those who had been witnesses and named plaintiffs in the case. $10 million was earmarked for African-American former job applicants, and the bulk of the settlement, $90 million, went to incumbent African-American employees. Money left over when the settlement was completed, and after Shoneys final payment in 1998, was divided among five organizations: the United Negro College Fund, the Southern Poverty Law Center, the Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, the Washington Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, and Inroads, a group that works to increase management opportunities for minorities.\nIn the aftermath of the case, Shoneys complied with the affirmative action plan and significantly increased its hiring of restaurant managers, dining room supervisors, and servers of color. In 1995, the company brought in a new management team which greatly improved its position financially, and in hiring, promotion, and business opportunities for minoritized communities.\nNote written by","Partially funded by a National Publications and Records Commission grant, the collection was processed by Chad Underwood from March 2005 to October 2006.","The Haynes v. Shoneys Papers documents the largest racial discrimination class-action suit against a private employer in the history of civil rights law. The collection has significant historical and research value for American legal history and civil rights scholars. Some topics include the admissibility of prior discrimination as evidence, adverse witnesses, affirmative action, allegations of recent discrimination, class certification, defendants contacts with plaintiffs' witnesses and clients, deceased claimants notes, destruction of evidence, jury selection, Raymond Danner's claim to fight race discrimination, and the Southern Christian Leadership Conferences covenant with Shoneys, in which the corporation promised that it would do business with minority-owned firms and target management jobs and franchise ownership opportunities for African-Americans. Among the materials included are all court pleadings and filings in the case, affidavits and declarations, challenges, consent decrees, correspondence, depositions, discovery documents, expert witness files, interrogatories, investigative files, newspaper and magazine articles, notebooks, orders, policies, press releases, questionnaires, reports, research materials, right-to-sue requests, settlement documents, shopper reports, surveys, visitation reports, and the deposition transcripts of over 150 witnesses, who document the history of the alleged discrimination of Shoneys, Inc and Ray Danner.","All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections and Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.","Claude Pepper Library.","FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Thomas A. Warren Law Offices (Tallahassee, Fla.)","Danner, Raymond L.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 2004-001","/repositories/10/resources/728"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1959-1997, bulk 1990-1994"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Haynes et al. v. Shoney's, Inc. Papers, 1959-1997, bulk 1990-1994"],"collection_title_tesim":["Haynes et al. v. Shoney's, Inc. Papers, 1959-1997, bulk 1990-1994"],"collection_ssim":["Haynes et al. v. Shoney's, Inc. Papers, 1959-1997, bulk 1990-1994"],"repository_ssm":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Thomas A. Warren Law Offices (Tallahassee, Fla.)"],"creator_ssim":["Thomas A. Warren Law Offices (Tallahassee, Fla.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Thomas A. Warren Law Offices (Tallahassee, Fla.)"],"creators_ssim":["Thomas A. Warren Law Offices (Tallahassee, Fla.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections and Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was given by Thomas Warren, attorney, in 2003."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Discrimination in employment--United States--Case studies","Discrimination in restaurants--United States--Case studies","Race discrimination--United States","Shoney's Inc.--Personnel management","Interviews.","African Americans--Employment","Clippings (Books, newspapers, etc.)","Correspondence","Legal documents.","Notebooks.","Reports","Sound recordings.","Videocassettes."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Discrimination in employment--United States--Case studies","Discrimination in restaurants--United States--Case studies","Race discrimination--United States","Shoney's Inc.--Personnel management","Interviews.","African Americans--Employment","Clippings (Books, newspapers, etc.)","Correspondence","Legal documents.","Notebooks.","Reports","Sound recordings.","Videocassettes."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1,040 boxes","415.60 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["1,040 boxes","415.60 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Clippings (Books, newspapers, etc.)","Correspondence","Legal documents.","Notebooks.","Reports","Sound recordings.","Videocassettes."],"date_range_isim":[1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to all researchers. However, since many records contain personal information, such as Social Security numbers, researchers are requested to contact the Special Collections Department in advance of their visit so that staff may review these materials. The Applicant Claim Forms and Notice of Approval of Current or Former Employee Claims Series, because of the confidential nature of these materials, are closed until 2063. Users may access this collection at the Claude Pepper Library. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis collection is in an offsite storage location. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to all researchers. However, since many records contain personal information, such as Social Security numbers, researchers are requested to contact the Special Collections Department in advance of their visit so that staff may review these materials. The Applicant Claim Forms and Notice of Approval of Current or Former Employee Claims Series, because of the confidential nature of these materials, are closed until 2063. Users may access this collection at the Claude Pepper Library. ","This collection is in an offsite storage location. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOn April 4, 1989, Tallahassee (FL) attorney Tommy Warren and nine named plaintiffs, all former Shoneys and Captain Ds employees or job applicants, served Shoneys CEO, Ray Danner, and Shoneys, Inc. with a class-action suit alleging racial discrimination. The plaintiffs, represented by Warren and his co-counsel, civil rights attorney Barry Goldstein, sought more than half a billion dollars in back pay and punitive damages, in addition to a court-ordered affirmative action plan, to counteract claims of years of racially discriminatory company policy. Witnesses, such as Josephine Haynes, included tens of thousands of workers, former workers, and frustrated job applicants, who said they lost jobs, were denied jobs, or were not given opportunities at Shoneys for even the lowest-paying jobs because they were African-Americans. Other witnesses included lower level white managers, who testified that they were fired because they wouldnt follow company orders to reduce the number of African-Americans. Many said they were instructed to carry out a corporate strategy that was directed by the Companys founder and CEO, Ray Danner, not found in any Shoneys procedure manuals. During the course of the litigation, which lasted from 1989-1993, many allegations were made under oath, and entered into the court record that race discrimination at Shoneys was standard operating procedure and had existed during the entire time Ray Danner ran the company. Danner continually denied these allegations throughout the case.\nBy the time the case concluded in 1993, the total cost of the Shoneys settlement was $132.5 million, which was the plaintiffs final compromise figure and the largest ever in a racial discrimination case. In addition, Ray Danner personally contributed approximately $65 million to the settlement. This payment by an individual defendant was unprecedented in U.S. race discrimination cases. According to Steve Watkins The Black O, a book that documents the entire case, 28, 994 claims were submitted in the settlement. At Warren and Goldsteins insistence, that number was expanded beyond the scope of the class of discriminated individuals to include all of Shoneys divisions, except for the franchise stores, for the period from 1985 through November 3, 1992. Based on a complex formula approved by Judge Roger Vinson to determine the validity of those claims and the amount due each legitimate claimant, 20,909 people ultimately received money from the $105 million settlement pool. The plaintiffs attorneys spent nearly $2 million to notify these claimants about the settlement, an effort that the judge said was unmatched by any he had ever seen in a class-action case. Approximately $5 million from the settlement pool was designated for a special class of claimants, those who had been witnesses and named plaintiffs in the case. $10 million was earmarked for African-American former job applicants, and the bulk of the settlement, $90 million, went to incumbent African-American employees. Money left over when the settlement was completed, and after Shoneys final payment in 1998, was divided among five organizations: the United Negro College Fund, the Southern Poverty Law Center, the Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, the Washington Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, and Inroads, a group that works to increase management opportunities for minorities.\nIn the aftermath of the case, Shoneys complied with the affirmative action plan and significantly increased its hiring of restaurant managers, dining room supervisors, and servers of color. In 1995, the company brought in a new management team which greatly improved its position financially, and in hiring, promotion, and business opportunities for minoritized communities.\nNote written by\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["On April 4, 1989, Tallahassee (FL) attorney Tommy Warren and nine named plaintiffs, all former Shoneys and Captain Ds employees or job applicants, served Shoneys CEO, Ray Danner, and Shoneys, Inc. with a class-action suit alleging racial discrimination. The plaintiffs, represented by Warren and his co-counsel, civil rights attorney Barry Goldstein, sought more than half a billion dollars in back pay and punitive damages, in addition to a court-ordered affirmative action plan, to counteract claims of years of racially discriminatory company policy. Witnesses, such as Josephine Haynes, included tens of thousands of workers, former workers, and frustrated job applicants, who said they lost jobs, were denied jobs, or were not given opportunities at Shoneys for even the lowest-paying jobs because they were African-Americans. Other witnesses included lower level white managers, who testified that they were fired because they wouldnt follow company orders to reduce the number of African-Americans. Many said they were instructed to carry out a corporate strategy that was directed by the Companys founder and CEO, Ray Danner, not found in any Shoneys procedure manuals. During the course of the litigation, which lasted from 1989-1993, many allegations were made under oath, and entered into the court record that race discrimination at Shoneys was standard operating procedure and had existed during the entire time Ray Danner ran the company. Danner continually denied these allegations throughout the case.\nBy the time the case concluded in 1993, the total cost of the Shoneys settlement was $132.5 million, which was the plaintiffs final compromise figure and the largest ever in a racial discrimination case. In addition, Ray Danner personally contributed approximately $65 million to the settlement. This payment by an individual defendant was unprecedented in U.S. race discrimination cases. According to Steve Watkins The Black O, a book that documents the entire case, 28, 994 claims were submitted in the settlement. At Warren and Goldsteins insistence, that number was expanded beyond the scope of the class of discriminated individuals to include all of Shoneys divisions, except for the franchise stores, for the period from 1985 through November 3, 1992. Based on a complex formula approved by Judge Roger Vinson to determine the validity of those claims and the amount due each legitimate claimant, 20,909 people ultimately received money from the $105 million settlement pool. The plaintiffs attorneys spent nearly $2 million to notify these claimants about the settlement, an effort that the judge said was unmatched by any he had ever seen in a class-action case. Approximately $5 million from the settlement pool was designated for a special class of claimants, those who had been witnesses and named plaintiffs in the case. $10 million was earmarked for African-American former job applicants, and the bulk of the settlement, $90 million, went to incumbent African-American employees. Money left over when the settlement was completed, and after Shoneys final payment in 1998, was divided among five organizations: the United Negro College Fund, the Southern Poverty Law Center, the Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, the Washington Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, and Inroads, a group that works to increase management opportunities for minorities.\nIn the aftermath of the case, Shoneys complied with the affirmative action plan and significantly increased its hiring of restaurant managers, dining room supervisors, and servers of color. In 1995, the company brought in a new management team which greatly improved its position financially, and in hiring, promotion, and business opportunities for minoritized communities.\nNote written by"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHaynes et al. v. Shoney's, Inc. Papers, Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. https://purl.lib.fsu.edu/fa/MSS-2004-001\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Haynes et al. v. Shoney's, Inc. Papers, Special Collections \u0026 Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. https://purl.lib.fsu.edu/fa/MSS-2004-001"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePartially funded by a National Publications and Records Commission grant, the collection was processed by Chad Underwood from March 2005 to October 2006.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Partially funded by a National Publications and Records Commission grant, the collection was processed by Chad Underwood from March 2005 to October 2006."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Haynes v. Shoneys Papers documents the largest racial discrimination class-action suit against a private employer in the history of civil rights law. The collection has significant historical and research value for American legal history and civil rights scholars. Some topics include the admissibility of prior discrimination as evidence, adverse witnesses, affirmative action, allegations of recent discrimination, class certification, defendants contacts with plaintiffs' witnesses and clients, deceased claimants notes, destruction of evidence, jury selection, Raymond Danner's claim to fight race discrimination, and the Southern Christian Leadership Conferences covenant with Shoneys, in which the corporation promised that it would do business with minority-owned firms and target management jobs and franchise ownership opportunities for African-Americans. Among the materials included are all court pleadings and filings in the case, affidavits and declarations, challenges, consent decrees, correspondence, depositions, discovery documents, expert witness files, interrogatories, investigative files, newspaper and magazine articles, notebooks, orders, policies, press releases, questionnaires, reports, research materials, right-to-sue requests, settlement documents, shopper reports, surveys, visitation reports, and the deposition transcripts of over 150 witnesses, who document the history of the alleged discrimination of Shoneys, Inc and Ray Danner.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Haynes v. Shoneys Papers documents the largest racial discrimination class-action suit against a private employer in the history of civil rights law. The collection has significant historical and research value for American legal history and civil rights scholars. Some topics include the admissibility of prior discrimination as evidence, adverse witnesses, affirmative action, allegations of recent discrimination, class certification, defendants contacts with plaintiffs' witnesses and clients, deceased claimants notes, destruction of evidence, jury selection, Raymond Danner's claim to fight race discrimination, and the Southern Christian Leadership Conferences covenant with Shoneys, in which the corporation promised that it would do business with minority-owned firms and target management jobs and franchise ownership opportunities for African-Americans. Among the materials included are all court pleadings and filings in the case, affidavits and declarations, challenges, consent decrees, correspondence, depositions, discovery documents, expert witness files, interrogatories, investigative files, newspaper and magazine articles, notebooks, orders, policies, press releases, questionnaires, reports, research materials, right-to-sue requests, settlement documents, shopper reports, surveys, visitation reports, and the deposition transcripts of over 150 witnesses, who document the history of the alleged discrimination of Shoneys, Inc and Ray Danner."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections and Archives. 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Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_991a1ea9febf70050aa6b227f8416a78\"\u003eClaude Pepper Library.\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Claude Pepper Library."],"names_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Thomas A. Warren Law Offices (Tallahassee, Fla.)","Danner, Raymond L."],"corpname_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Thomas A. 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Papers, 1959-1997, bulk 1990-1994","Discrimination in employment--United States--Case studies","Discrimination in restaurants--United States--Case studies","Race discrimination--United States","Shoney's Inc.--Personnel management","Interviews.","African Americans--Employment","Clippings (Books, newspapers, etc.)","Correspondence","Legal documents.","Notebooks.","Reports","Sound recordings.","Videocassettes.","This collection is open to all researchers. However, since many records contain personal information, such as Social Security numbers, researchers are requested to contact the Special Collections Department in advance of their visit so that staff may review these materials. The Applicant Claim Forms and Notice of Approval of Current or Former Employee Claims Series, because of the confidential nature of these materials, are closed until 2063. Users may access this collection at the Claude Pepper Library. ","This collection is in an offsite storage location. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information.","On April 4, 1989, Tallahassee (FL) attorney Tommy Warren and nine named plaintiffs, all former Shoneys and Captain Ds employees or job applicants, served Shoneys CEO, Ray Danner, and Shoneys, Inc. with a class-action suit alleging racial discrimination. The plaintiffs, represented by Warren and his co-counsel, civil rights attorney Barry Goldstein, sought more than half a billion dollars in back pay and punitive damages, in addition to a court-ordered affirmative action plan, to counteract claims of years of racially discriminatory company policy. Witnesses, such as Josephine Haynes, included tens of thousands of workers, former workers, and frustrated job applicants, who said they lost jobs, were denied jobs, or were not given opportunities at Shoneys for even the lowest-paying jobs because they were African-Americans. Other witnesses included lower level white managers, who testified that they were fired because they wouldnt follow company orders to reduce the number of African-Americans. Many said they were instructed to carry out a corporate strategy that was directed by the Companys founder and CEO, Ray Danner, not found in any Shoneys procedure manuals. During the course of the litigation, which lasted from 1989-1993, many allegations were made under oath, and entered into the court record that race discrimination at Shoneys was standard operating procedure and had existed during the entire time Ray Danner ran the company. Danner continually denied these allegations throughout the case.\nBy the time the case concluded in 1993, the total cost of the Shoneys settlement was $132.5 million, which was the plaintiffs final compromise figure and the largest ever in a racial discrimination case. In addition, Ray Danner personally contributed approximately $65 million to the settlement. This payment by an individual defendant was unprecedented in U.S. race discrimination cases. According to Steve Watkins The Black O, a book that documents the entire case, 28, 994 claims were submitted in the settlement. At Warren and Goldsteins insistence, that number was expanded beyond the scope of the class of discriminated individuals to include all of Shoneys divisions, except for the franchise stores, for the period from 1985 through November 3, 1992. Based on a complex formula approved by Judge Roger Vinson to determine the validity of those claims and the amount due each legitimate claimant, 20,909 people ultimately received money from the $105 million settlement pool. The plaintiffs attorneys spent nearly $2 million to notify these claimants about the settlement, an effort that the judge said was unmatched by any he had ever seen in a class-action case. Approximately $5 million from the settlement pool was designated for a special class of claimants, those who had been witnesses and named plaintiffs in the case. $10 million was earmarked for African-American former job applicants, and the bulk of the settlement, $90 million, went to incumbent African-American employees. Money left over when the settlement was completed, and after Shoneys final payment in 1998, was divided among five organizations: the United Negro College Fund, the Southern Poverty Law Center, the Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, the Washington Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, and Inroads, a group that works to increase management opportunities for minorities.\nIn the aftermath of the case, Shoneys complied with the affirmative action plan and significantly increased its hiring of restaurant managers, dining room supervisors, and servers of color. In 1995, the company brought in a new management team which greatly improved its position financially, and in hiring, promotion, and business opportunities for minoritized communities.\nNote written by","Partially funded by a National Publications and Records Commission grant, the collection was processed by Chad Underwood from March 2005 to October 2006.","The Haynes v. Shoneys Papers documents the largest racial discrimination class-action suit against a private employer in the history of civil rights law. The collection has significant historical and research value for American legal history and civil rights scholars. 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Among the materials included are all court pleadings and filings in the case, affidavits and declarations, challenges, consent decrees, correspondence, depositions, discovery documents, expert witness files, interrogatories, investigative files, newspaper and magazine articles, notebooks, orders, policies, press releases, questionnaires, reports, research materials, right-to-sue requests, settlement documents, shopper reports, surveys, visitation reports, and the deposition transcripts of over 150 witnesses, who document the history of the alleged discrimination of Shoneys, Inc and Ray Danner.","All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections and Archives. 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The plaintiffs, represented by Warren and his co-counsel, civil rights attorney Barry Goldstein, sought more than half a billion dollars in back pay and punitive damages, in addition to a court-ordered affirmative action plan, to counteract claims of years of racially discriminatory company policy. Witnesses, such as Josephine Haynes, included tens of thousands of workers, former workers, and frustrated job applicants, who said they lost jobs, were denied jobs, or were not given opportunities at Shoneys for even the lowest-paying jobs because they were African-Americans. Other witnesses included lower level white managers, who testified that they were fired because they wouldnt follow company orders to reduce the number of African-Americans. Many said they were instructed to carry out a corporate strategy that was directed by the Companys founder and CEO, Ray Danner, not found in any Shoneys procedure manuals. 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At Warren and Goldsteins insistence, that number was expanded beyond the scope of the class of discriminated individuals to include all of Shoneys divisions, except for the franchise stores, for the period from 1985 through November 3, 1992. Based on a complex formula approved by Judge Roger Vinson to determine the validity of those claims and the amount due each legitimate claimant, 20,909 people ultimately received money from the $105 million settlement pool. The plaintiffs attorneys spent nearly $2 million to notify these claimants about the settlement, an effort that the judge said was unmatched by any he had ever seen in a class-action case. Approximately $5 million from the settlement pool was designated for a special class of claimants, those who had been witnesses and named plaintiffs in the case. $10 million was earmarked for African-American former job applicants, and the bulk of the settlement, $90 million, went to incumbent African-American employees. Money left over when the settlement was completed, and after Shoneys final payment in 1998, was divided among five organizations: the United Negro College Fund, the Southern Poverty Law Center, the Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, the Washington Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, and Inroads, a group that works to increase management opportunities for minorities.\nIn the aftermath of the case, Shoneys complied with the affirmative action plan and significantly increased its hiring of restaurant managers, dining room supervisors, and servers of color. In 1995, the company brought in a new management team which greatly improved its position financially, and in hiring, promotion, and business opportunities for minoritized communities.\nNote written by\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["On April 4, 1989, Tallahassee (FL) attorney Tommy Warren and nine named plaintiffs, all former Shoneys and Captain Ds employees or job applicants, served Shoneys CEO, Ray Danner, and Shoneys, Inc. with a class-action suit alleging racial discrimination. The plaintiffs, represented by Warren and his co-counsel, civil rights attorney Barry Goldstein, sought more than half a billion dollars in back pay and punitive damages, in addition to a court-ordered affirmative action plan, to counteract claims of years of racially discriminatory company policy. Witnesses, such as Josephine Haynes, included tens of thousands of workers, former workers, and frustrated job applicants, who said they lost jobs, were denied jobs, or were not given opportunities at Shoneys for even the lowest-paying jobs because they were African-Americans. Other witnesses included lower level white managers, who testified that they were fired because they wouldnt follow company orders to reduce the number of African-Americans. Many said they were instructed to carry out a corporate strategy that was directed by the Companys founder and CEO, Ray Danner, not found in any Shoneys procedure manuals. During the course of the litigation, which lasted from 1989-1993, many allegations were made under oath, and entered into the court record that race discrimination at Shoneys was standard operating procedure and had existed during the entire time Ray Danner ran the company. Danner continually denied these allegations throughout the case.\nBy the time the case concluded in 1993, the total cost of the Shoneys settlement was $132.5 million, which was the plaintiffs final compromise figure and the largest ever in a racial discrimination case. In addition, Ray Danner personally contributed approximately $65 million to the settlement. This payment by an individual defendant was unprecedented in U.S. race discrimination cases. According to Steve Watkins The Black O, a book that documents the entire case, 28, 994 claims were submitted in the settlement. At Warren and Goldsteins insistence, that number was expanded beyond the scope of the class of discriminated individuals to include all of Shoneys divisions, except for the franchise stores, for the period from 1985 through November 3, 1992. Based on a complex formula approved by Judge Roger Vinson to determine the validity of those claims and the amount due each legitimate claimant, 20,909 people ultimately received money from the $105 million settlement pool. The plaintiffs attorneys spent nearly $2 million to notify these claimants about the settlement, an effort that the judge said was unmatched by any he had ever seen in a class-action case. Approximately $5 million from the settlement pool was designated for a special class of claimants, those who had been witnesses and named plaintiffs in the case. $10 million was earmarked for African-American former job applicants, and the bulk of the settlement, $90 million, went to incumbent African-American employees. Money left over when the settlement was completed, and after Shoneys final payment in 1998, was divided among five organizations: the United Negro College Fund, the Southern Poverty Law Center, the Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, the Washington Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, and Inroads, a group that works to increase management opportunities for minorities.\nIn the aftermath of the case, Shoneys complied with the affirmative action plan and significantly increased its hiring of restaurant managers, dining room supervisors, and servers of color. In 1995, the company brought in a new management team which greatly improved its position financially, and in hiring, promotion, and business opportunities for minoritized communities.\nNote written by"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHaynes et al. v. Shoney's, Inc. 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Among the materials included are all court pleadings and filings in the case, affidavits and declarations, challenges, consent decrees, correspondence, depositions, discovery documents, expert witness files, interrogatories, investigative files, newspaper and magazine articles, notebooks, orders, policies, press releases, questionnaires, reports, research materials, right-to-sue requests, settlement documents, shopper reports, surveys, visitation reports, and the deposition transcripts of over 150 witnesses, who document the history of the alleged discrimination of Shoneys, Inc and Ray Danner.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Haynes v. Shoneys Papers documents the largest racial discrimination class-action suit against a private employer in the history of civil rights law. The collection has significant historical and research value for American legal history and civil rights scholars. Some topics include the admissibility of prior discrimination as evidence, adverse witnesses, affirmative action, allegations of recent discrimination, class certification, defendants contacts with plaintiffs' witnesses and clients, deceased claimants notes, destruction of evidence, jury selection, Raymond Danner's claim to fight race discrimination, and the Southern Christian Leadership Conferences covenant with Shoneys, in which the corporation promised that it would do business with minority-owned firms and target management jobs and franchise ownership opportunities for African-Americans. Among the materials included are all court pleadings and filings in the case, affidavits and declarations, challenges, consent decrees, correspondence, depositions, discovery documents, expert witness files, interrogatories, investigative files, newspaper and magazine articles, notebooks, orders, policies, press releases, questionnaires, reports, research materials, right-to-sue requests, settlement documents, shopper reports, surveys, visitation reports, and the deposition transcripts of over 150 witnesses, who document the history of the alleged discrimination of Shoneys, Inc and Ray Danner."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections and Archives. 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Papers, 1959-1997, bulk 1990-1994","Discrimination in employment--United States--Case studies","Discrimination in restaurants--United States--Case studies","Race discrimination--United States","Shoney's Inc.--Personnel management","Interviews.","African Americans--Employment","Clippings (Books, newspapers, etc.)","Correspondence","Legal documents.","Notebooks.","Reports","Sound recordings.","Videocassettes.","This collection is open to all researchers. However, since many records contain personal information, such as Social Security numbers, researchers are requested to contact the Special Collections Department in advance of their visit so that staff may review these materials. The Applicant Claim Forms and Notice of Approval of Current or Former Employee Claims Series, because of the confidential nature of these materials, are closed until 2063. Users may access this collection at the Claude Pepper Library. ","This collection is in an offsite storage location. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information.","On April 4, 1989, Tallahassee (FL) attorney Tommy Warren and nine named plaintiffs, all former Shoneys and Captain Ds employees or job applicants, served Shoneys CEO, Ray Danner, and Shoneys, Inc. with a class-action suit alleging racial discrimination. The plaintiffs, represented by Warren and his co-counsel, civil rights attorney Barry Goldstein, sought more than half a billion dollars in back pay and punitive damages, in addition to a court-ordered affirmative action plan, to counteract claims of years of racially discriminatory company policy. Witnesses, such as Josephine Haynes, included tens of thousands of workers, former workers, and frustrated job applicants, who said they lost jobs, were denied jobs, or were not given opportunities at Shoneys for even the lowest-paying jobs because they were African-Americans. Other witnesses included lower level white managers, who testified that they were fired because they wouldnt follow company orders to reduce the number of African-Americans. Many said they were instructed to carry out a corporate strategy that was directed by the Companys founder and CEO, Ray Danner, not found in any Shoneys procedure manuals. During the course of the litigation, which lasted from 1989-1993, many allegations were made under oath, and entered into the court record that race discrimination at Shoneys was standard operating procedure and had existed during the entire time Ray Danner ran the company. Danner continually denied these allegations throughout the case.\nBy the time the case concluded in 1993, the total cost of the Shoneys settlement was $132.5 million, which was the plaintiffs final compromise figure and the largest ever in a racial discrimination case. In addition, Ray Danner personally contributed approximately $65 million to the settlement. This payment by an individual defendant was unprecedented in U.S. race discrimination cases. According to Steve Watkins The Black O, a book that documents the entire case, 28, 994 claims were submitted in the settlement. At Warren and Goldsteins insistence, that number was expanded beyond the scope of the class of discriminated individuals to include all of Shoneys divisions, except for the franchise stores, for the period from 1985 through November 3, 1992. Based on a complex formula approved by Judge Roger Vinson to determine the validity of those claims and the amount due each legitimate claimant, 20,909 people ultimately received money from the $105 million settlement pool. The plaintiffs attorneys spent nearly $2 million to notify these claimants about the settlement, an effort that the judge said was unmatched by any he had ever seen in a class-action case. 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In 1995, the company brought in a new management team which greatly improved its position financially, and in hiring, promotion, and business opportunities for minoritized communities.\nNote written by","Partially funded by a National Publications and Records Commission grant, the collection was processed by Chad Underwood from March 2005 to October 2006.","The Haynes v. Shoneys Papers documents the largest racial discrimination class-action suit against a private employer in the history of civil rights law. The collection has significant historical and research value for American legal history and civil rights scholars. 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At Warren and Goldsteins insistence, that number was expanded beyond the scope of the class of discriminated individuals to include all of Shoneys divisions, except for the franchise stores, for the period from 1985 through November 3, 1992. Based on a complex formula approved by Judge Roger Vinson to determine the validity of those claims and the amount due each legitimate claimant, 20,909 people ultimately received money from the $105 million settlement pool. The plaintiffs attorneys spent nearly $2 million to notify these claimants about the settlement, an effort that the judge said was unmatched by any he had ever seen in a class-action case. Approximately $5 million from the settlement pool was designated for a special class of claimants, those who had been witnesses and named plaintiffs in the case. $10 million was earmarked for African-American former job applicants, and the bulk of the settlement, $90 million, went to incumbent African-American employees. Money left over when the settlement was completed, and after Shoneys final payment in 1998, was divided among five organizations: the United Negro College Fund, the Southern Poverty Law Center, the Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, the Washington Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, and Inroads, a group that works to increase management opportunities for minorities.\nIn the aftermath of the case, Shoneys complied with the affirmative action plan and significantly increased its hiring of restaurant managers, dining room supervisors, and servers of color. 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Witnesses, such as Josephine Haynes, included tens of thousands of workers, former workers, and frustrated job applicants, who said they lost jobs, were denied jobs, or were not given opportunities at Shoneys for even the lowest-paying jobs because they were African-Americans. Other witnesses included lower level white managers, who testified that they were fired because they wouldnt follow company orders to reduce the number of African-Americans. Many said they were instructed to carry out a corporate strategy that was directed by the Companys founder and CEO, Ray Danner, not found in any Shoneys procedure manuals. During the course of the litigation, which lasted from 1989-1993, many allegations were made under oath, and entered into the court record that race discrimination at Shoneys was standard operating procedure and had existed during the entire time Ray Danner ran the company. Danner continually denied these allegations throughout the case.\nBy the time the case concluded in 1993, the total cost of the Shoneys settlement was $132.5 million, which was the plaintiffs final compromise figure and the largest ever in a racial discrimination case. In addition, Ray Danner personally contributed approximately $65 million to the settlement. This payment by an individual defendant was unprecedented in U.S. race discrimination cases. According to Steve Watkins The Black O, a book that documents the entire case, 28, 994 claims were submitted in the settlement. At Warren and Goldsteins insistence, that number was expanded beyond the scope of the class of discriminated individuals to include all of Shoneys divisions, except for the franchise stores, for the period from 1985 through November 3, 1992. Based on a complex formula approved by Judge Roger Vinson to determine the validity of those claims and the amount due each legitimate claimant, 20,909 people ultimately received money from the $105 million settlement pool. The plaintiffs attorneys spent nearly $2 million to notify these claimants about the settlement, an effort that the judge said was unmatched by any he had ever seen in a class-action case. Approximately $5 million from the settlement pool was designated for a special class of claimants, those who had been witnesses and named plaintiffs in the case. $10 million was earmarked for African-American former job applicants, and the bulk of the settlement, $90 million, went to incumbent African-American employees. Money left over when the settlement was completed, and after Shoneys final payment in 1998, was divided among five organizations: the United Negro College Fund, the Southern Poverty Law Center, the Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, the Washington Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, and Inroads, a group that works to increase management opportunities for minorities.\nIn the aftermath of the case, Shoneys complied with the affirmative action plan and significantly increased its hiring of restaurant managers, dining room supervisors, and servers of color. In 1995, the company brought in a new management team which greatly improved its position financially, and in hiring, promotion, and business opportunities for minoritized communities.\nNote written by"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHaynes et al. v. Shoney's, Inc. 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Papers, 1959-1997, bulk 1990-1994","Discrimination in employment--United States--Case studies","Discrimination in restaurants--United States--Case studies","Race discrimination--United States","Shoney's Inc.--Personnel management","Interviews.","African Americans--Employment","Clippings (Books, newspapers, etc.)","Correspondence","Legal documents.","Notebooks.","Reports","Sound recordings.","Videocassettes.","This collection is open to all researchers. However, since many records contain personal information, such as Social Security numbers, researchers are requested to contact the Special Collections Department in advance of their visit so that staff may review these materials. The Applicant Claim Forms and Notice of Approval of Current or Former Employee Claims Series, because of the confidential nature of these materials, are closed until 2063. Users may access this collection at the Claude Pepper Library. ","This collection is in an offsite storage location. 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Other witnesses included lower level white managers, who testified that they were fired because they wouldnt follow company orders to reduce the number of African-Americans. Many said they were instructed to carry out a corporate strategy that was directed by the Companys founder and CEO, Ray Danner, not found in any Shoneys procedure manuals. During the course of the litigation, which lasted from 1989-1993, many allegations were made under oath, and entered into the court record that race discrimination at Shoneys was standard operating procedure and had existed during the entire time Ray Danner ran the company. Danner continually denied these allegations throughout the case.\nBy the time the case concluded in 1993, the total cost of the Shoneys settlement was $132.5 million, which was the plaintiffs final compromise figure and the largest ever in a racial discrimination case. In addition, Ray Danner personally contributed approximately $65 million to the settlement. 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The plaintiffs, represented by Warren and his co-counsel, civil rights attorney Barry Goldstein, sought more than half a billion dollars in back pay and punitive damages, in addition to a court-ordered affirmative action plan, to counteract claims of years of racially discriminatory company policy. Witnesses, such as Josephine Haynes, included tens of thousands of workers, former workers, and frustrated job applicants, who said they lost jobs, were denied jobs, or were not given opportunities at Shoneys for even the lowest-paying jobs because they were African-Americans. Other witnesses included lower level white managers, who testified that they were fired because they wouldnt follow company orders to reduce the number of African-Americans. Many said they were instructed to carry out a corporate strategy that was directed by the Companys founder and CEO, Ray Danner, not found in any Shoneys procedure manuals. 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Money left over when the settlement was completed, and after Shoneys final payment in 1998, was divided among five organizations: the United Negro College Fund, the Southern Poverty Law Center, the Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, the Washington Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, and Inroads, a group that works to increase management opportunities for minorities.\nIn the aftermath of the case, Shoneys complied with the affirmative action plan and significantly increased its hiring of restaurant managers, dining room supervisors, and servers of color. 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Witnesses, such as Josephine Haynes, included tens of thousands of workers, former workers, and frustrated job applicants, who said they lost jobs, were denied jobs, or were not given opportunities at Shoneys for even the lowest-paying jobs because they were African-Americans. Other witnesses included lower level white managers, who testified that they were fired because they wouldnt follow company orders to reduce the number of African-Americans. Many said they were instructed to carry out a corporate strategy that was directed by the Companys founder and CEO, Ray Danner, not found in any Shoneys procedure manuals. During the course of the litigation, which lasted from 1989-1993, many allegations were made under oath, and entered into the court record that race discrimination at Shoneys was standard operating procedure and had existed during the entire time Ray Danner ran the company. 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Based on a complex formula approved by Judge Roger Vinson to determine the validity of those claims and the amount due each legitimate claimant, 20,909 people ultimately received money from the $105 million settlement pool. The plaintiffs attorneys spent nearly $2 million to notify these claimants about the settlement, an effort that the judge said was unmatched by any he had ever seen in a class-action case. Approximately $5 million from the settlement pool was designated for a special class of claimants, those who had been witnesses and named plaintiffs in the case. $10 million was earmarked for African-American former job applicants, and the bulk of the settlement, $90 million, went to incumbent African-American employees. Money left over when the settlement was completed, and after Shoneys final payment in 1998, was divided among five organizations: the United Negro College Fund, the Southern Poverty Law Center, the Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, the Washington Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, and Inroads, a group that works to increase management opportunities for minorities.\nIn the aftermath of the case, Shoneys complied with the affirmative action plan and significantly increased its hiring of restaurant managers, dining room supervisors, and servers of color. In 1995, the company brought in a new management team which greatly improved its position financially, and in hiring, promotion, and business opportunities for minoritized communities.\nNote written by"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHaynes et al. v. Shoney's, Inc. 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Among the materials included are all court pleadings and filings in the case, affidavits and declarations, challenges, consent decrees, correspondence, depositions, discovery documents, expert witness files, interrogatories, investigative files, newspaper and magazine articles, notebooks, orders, policies, press releases, questionnaires, reports, research materials, right-to-sue requests, settlement documents, shopper reports, surveys, visitation reports, and the deposition transcripts of over 150 witnesses, who document the history of the alleged discrimination of Shoneys, Inc and Ray Danner.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Haynes v. Shoneys Papers documents the largest racial discrimination class-action suit against a private employer in the history of civil rights law. The collection has significant historical and research value for American legal history and civil rights scholars. 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Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information.","On April 4, 1989, Tallahassee (FL) attorney Tommy Warren and nine named plaintiffs, all former Shoneys and Captain Ds employees or job applicants, served Shoneys CEO, Ray Danner, and Shoneys, Inc. with a class-action suit alleging racial discrimination. The plaintiffs, represented by Warren and his co-counsel, civil rights attorney Barry Goldstein, sought more than half a billion dollars in back pay and punitive damages, in addition to a court-ordered affirmative action plan, to counteract claims of years of racially discriminatory company policy. Witnesses, such as Josephine Haynes, included tens of thousands of workers, former workers, and frustrated job applicants, who said they lost jobs, were denied jobs, or were not given opportunities at Shoneys for even the lowest-paying jobs because they were African-Americans. Other witnesses included lower level white managers, who testified that they were fired because they wouldnt follow company orders to reduce the number of African-Americans. Many said they were instructed to carry out a corporate strategy that was directed by the Companys founder and CEO, Ray Danner, not found in any Shoneys procedure manuals. During the course of the litigation, which lasted from 1989-1993, many allegations were made under oath, and entered into the court record that race discrimination at Shoneys was standard operating procedure and had existed during the entire time Ray Danner ran the company. Danner continually denied these allegations throughout the case.\nBy the time the case concluded in 1993, the total cost of the Shoneys settlement was $132.5 million, which was the plaintiffs final compromise figure and the largest ever in a racial discrimination case. In addition, Ray Danner personally contributed approximately $65 million to the settlement. This payment by an individual defendant was unprecedented in U.S. race discrimination cases. According to Steve Watkins The Black O, a book that documents the entire case, 28, 994 claims were submitted in the settlement. At Warren and Goldsteins insistence, that number was expanded beyond the scope of the class of discriminated individuals to include all of Shoneys divisions, except for the franchise stores, for the period from 1985 through November 3, 1992. Based on a complex formula approved by Judge Roger Vinson to determine the validity of those claims and the amount due each legitimate claimant, 20,909 people ultimately received money from the $105 million settlement pool. The plaintiffs attorneys spent nearly $2 million to notify these claimants about the settlement, an effort that the judge said was unmatched by any he had ever seen in a class-action case. Approximately $5 million from the settlement pool was designated for a special class of claimants, those who had been witnesses and named plaintiffs in the case. $10 million was earmarked for African-American former job applicants, and the bulk of the settlement, $90 million, went to incumbent African-American employees. Money left over when the settlement was completed, and after Shoneys final payment in 1998, was divided among five organizations: the United Negro College Fund, the Southern Poverty Law Center, the Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, the Washington Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, and Inroads, a group that works to increase management opportunities for minorities.\nIn the aftermath of the case, Shoneys complied with the affirmative action plan and significantly increased its hiring of restaurant managers, dining room supervisors, and servers of color. In 1995, the company brought in a new management team which greatly improved its position financially, and in hiring, promotion, and business opportunities for minoritized communities.\nNote written by","Partially funded by a National Publications and Records Commission grant, the collection was processed by Chad Underwood from March 2005 to October 2006.","The Haynes v. Shoneys Papers documents the largest racial discrimination class-action suit against a private employer in the history of civil rights law. The collection has significant historical and research value for American legal history and civil rights scholars. Some topics include the admissibility of prior discrimination as evidence, adverse witnesses, affirmative action, allegations of recent discrimination, class certification, defendants contacts with plaintiffs' witnesses and clients, deceased claimants notes, destruction of evidence, jury selection, Raymond Danner's claim to fight race discrimination, and the Southern Christian Leadership Conferences covenant with Shoneys, in which the corporation promised that it would do business with minority-owned firms and target management jobs and franchise ownership opportunities for African-Americans. Among the materials included are all court pleadings and filings in the case, affidavits and declarations, challenges, consent decrees, correspondence, depositions, discovery documents, expert witness files, interrogatories, investigative files, newspaper and magazine articles, notebooks, orders, policies, press releases, questionnaires, reports, research materials, right-to-sue requests, settlement documents, shopper reports, surveys, visitation reports, and the deposition transcripts of over 150 witnesses, who document the history of the alleged discrimination of Shoneys, Inc and Ray Danner.","All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections and Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.","Claude Pepper Library.","FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Thomas A. Warren Law Offices (Tallahassee, Fla.)","Danner, Raymond L.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 2004-001","/repositories/10/resources/728"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1959-1997, bulk 1990-1994"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Haynes et al. v. Shoney's, Inc. Papers, 1959-1997, bulk 1990-1994"],"collection_title_tesim":["Haynes et al. v. Shoney's, Inc. Papers, 1959-1997, bulk 1990-1994"],"collection_ssim":["Haynes et al. v. Shoney's, Inc. Papers, 1959-1997, bulk 1990-1994"],"repository_ssm":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Thomas A. Warren Law Offices (Tallahassee, Fla.)"],"creator_ssim":["Thomas A. Warren Law Offices (Tallahassee, Fla.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Thomas A. Warren Law Offices (Tallahassee, Fla.)"],"creators_ssim":["Thomas A. Warren Law Offices (Tallahassee, Fla.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections and Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was given by Thomas Warren, attorney, in 2003."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Discrimination in employment--United States--Case studies","Discrimination in restaurants--United States--Case studies","Race discrimination--United States","Shoney's Inc.--Personnel management","Interviews.","African Americans--Employment","Clippings (Books, newspapers, etc.)","Correspondence","Legal documents.","Notebooks.","Reports","Sound recordings.","Videocassettes."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Discrimination in employment--United States--Case studies","Discrimination in restaurants--United States--Case studies","Race discrimination--United States","Shoney's Inc.--Personnel management","Interviews.","African Americans--Employment","Clippings (Books, newspapers, etc.)","Correspondence","Legal documents.","Notebooks.","Reports","Sound recordings.","Videocassettes."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1,040 boxes","415.60 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["1,040 boxes","415.60 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Clippings (Books, newspapers, etc.)","Correspondence","Legal documents.","Notebooks.","Reports","Sound recordings.","Videocassettes."],"date_range_isim":[1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to all researchers. However, since many records contain personal information, such as Social Security numbers, researchers are requested to contact the Special Collections Department in advance of their visit so that staff may review these materials. The Applicant Claim Forms and Notice of Approval of Current or Former Employee Claims Series, because of the confidential nature of these materials, are closed until 2063. Users may access this collection at the Claude Pepper Library. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis collection is in an offsite storage location. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to all researchers. However, since many records contain personal information, such as Social Security numbers, researchers are requested to contact the Special Collections Department in advance of their visit so that staff may review these materials. The Applicant Claim Forms and Notice of Approval of Current or Former Employee Claims Series, because of the confidential nature of these materials, are closed until 2063. Users may access this collection at the Claude Pepper Library. ","This collection is in an offsite storage location. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOn April 4, 1989, Tallahassee (FL) attorney Tommy Warren and nine named plaintiffs, all former Shoneys and Captain Ds employees or job applicants, served Shoneys CEO, Ray Danner, and Shoneys, Inc. with a class-action suit alleging racial discrimination. The plaintiffs, represented by Warren and his co-counsel, civil rights attorney Barry Goldstein, sought more than half a billion dollars in back pay and punitive damages, in addition to a court-ordered affirmative action plan, to counteract claims of years of racially discriminatory company policy. Witnesses, such as Josephine Haynes, included tens of thousands of workers, former workers, and frustrated job applicants, who said they lost jobs, were denied jobs, or were not given opportunities at Shoneys for even the lowest-paying jobs because they were African-Americans. Other witnesses included lower level white managers, who testified that they were fired because they wouldnt follow company orders to reduce the number of African-Americans. Many said they were instructed to carry out a corporate strategy that was directed by the Companys founder and CEO, Ray Danner, not found in any Shoneys procedure manuals. During the course of the litigation, which lasted from 1989-1993, many allegations were made under oath, and entered into the court record that race discrimination at Shoneys was standard operating procedure and had existed during the entire time Ray Danner ran the company. Danner continually denied these allegations throughout the case.\nBy the time the case concluded in 1993, the total cost of the Shoneys settlement was $132.5 million, which was the plaintiffs final compromise figure and the largest ever in a racial discrimination case. In addition, Ray Danner personally contributed approximately $65 million to the settlement. This payment by an individual defendant was unprecedented in U.S. race discrimination cases. According to Steve Watkins The Black O, a book that documents the entire case, 28, 994 claims were submitted in the settlement. At Warren and Goldsteins insistence, that number was expanded beyond the scope of the class of discriminated individuals to include all of Shoneys divisions, except for the franchise stores, for the period from 1985 through November 3, 1992. Based on a complex formula approved by Judge Roger Vinson to determine the validity of those claims and the amount due each legitimate claimant, 20,909 people ultimately received money from the $105 million settlement pool. The plaintiffs attorneys spent nearly $2 million to notify these claimants about the settlement, an effort that the judge said was unmatched by any he had ever seen in a class-action case. Approximately $5 million from the settlement pool was designated for a special class of claimants, those who had been witnesses and named plaintiffs in the case. $10 million was earmarked for African-American former job applicants, and the bulk of the settlement, $90 million, went to incumbent African-American employees. Money left over when the settlement was completed, and after Shoneys final payment in 1998, was divided among five organizations: the United Negro College Fund, the Southern Poverty Law Center, the Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, the Washington Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, and Inroads, a group that works to increase management opportunities for minorities.\nIn the aftermath of the case, Shoneys complied with the affirmative action plan and significantly increased its hiring of restaurant managers, dining room supervisors, and servers of color. In 1995, the company brought in a new management team which greatly improved its position financially, and in hiring, promotion, and business opportunities for minoritized communities.\nNote written by\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["On April 4, 1989, Tallahassee (FL) attorney Tommy Warren and nine named plaintiffs, all former Shoneys and Captain Ds employees or job applicants, served Shoneys CEO, Ray Danner, and Shoneys, Inc. with a class-action suit alleging racial discrimination. The plaintiffs, represented by Warren and his co-counsel, civil rights attorney Barry Goldstein, sought more than half a billion dollars in back pay and punitive damages, in addition to a court-ordered affirmative action plan, to counteract claims of years of racially discriminatory company policy. Witnesses, such as Josephine Haynes, included tens of thousands of workers, former workers, and frustrated job applicants, who said they lost jobs, were denied jobs, or were not given opportunities at Shoneys for even the lowest-paying jobs because they were African-Americans. Other witnesses included lower level white managers, who testified that they were fired because they wouldnt follow company orders to reduce the number of African-Americans. Many said they were instructed to carry out a corporate strategy that was directed by the Companys founder and CEO, Ray Danner, not found in any Shoneys procedure manuals. During the course of the litigation, which lasted from 1989-1993, many allegations were made under oath, and entered into the court record that race discrimination at Shoneys was standard operating procedure and had existed during the entire time Ray Danner ran the company. Danner continually denied these allegations throughout the case.\nBy the time the case concluded in 1993, the total cost of the Shoneys settlement was $132.5 million, which was the plaintiffs final compromise figure and the largest ever in a racial discrimination case. In addition, Ray Danner personally contributed approximately $65 million to the settlement. This payment by an individual defendant was unprecedented in U.S. race discrimination cases. According to Steve Watkins The Black O, a book that documents the entire case, 28, 994 claims were submitted in the settlement. At Warren and Goldsteins insistence, that number was expanded beyond the scope of the class of discriminated individuals to include all of Shoneys divisions, except for the franchise stores, for the period from 1985 through November 3, 1992. Based on a complex formula approved by Judge Roger Vinson to determine the validity of those claims and the amount due each legitimate claimant, 20,909 people ultimately received money from the $105 million settlement pool. The plaintiffs attorneys spent nearly $2 million to notify these claimants about the settlement, an effort that the judge said was unmatched by any he had ever seen in a class-action case. Approximately $5 million from the settlement pool was designated for a special class of claimants, those who had been witnesses and named plaintiffs in the case. $10 million was earmarked for African-American former job applicants, and the bulk of the settlement, $90 million, went to incumbent African-American employees. Money left over when the settlement was completed, and after Shoneys final payment in 1998, was divided among five organizations: the United Negro College Fund, the Southern Poverty Law Center, the Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, the Washington Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, and Inroads, a group that works to increase management opportunities for minorities.\nIn the aftermath of the case, Shoneys complied with the affirmative action plan and significantly increased its hiring of restaurant managers, dining room supervisors, and servers of color. In 1995, the company brought in a new management team which greatly improved its position financially, and in hiring, promotion, and business opportunities for minoritized communities.\nNote written by"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHaynes et al. v. Shoney's, Inc. Papers, Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. https://purl.lib.fsu.edu/fa/MSS-2004-001\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Haynes et al. v. Shoney's, Inc. Papers, Special Collections \u0026 Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. https://purl.lib.fsu.edu/fa/MSS-2004-001"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePartially funded by a National Publications and Records Commission grant, the collection was processed by Chad Underwood from March 2005 to October 2006.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Partially funded by a National Publications and Records Commission grant, the collection was processed by Chad Underwood from March 2005 to October 2006."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Haynes v. Shoneys Papers documents the largest racial discrimination class-action suit against a private employer in the history of civil rights law. The collection has significant historical and research value for American legal history and civil rights scholars. Some topics include the admissibility of prior discrimination as evidence, adverse witnesses, affirmative action, allegations of recent discrimination, class certification, defendants contacts with plaintiffs' witnesses and clients, deceased claimants notes, destruction of evidence, jury selection, Raymond Danner's claim to fight race discrimination, and the Southern Christian Leadership Conferences covenant with Shoneys, in which the corporation promised that it would do business with minority-owned firms and target management jobs and franchise ownership opportunities for African-Americans. Among the materials included are all court pleadings and filings in the case, affidavits and declarations, challenges, consent decrees, correspondence, depositions, discovery documents, expert witness files, interrogatories, investigative files, newspaper and magazine articles, notebooks, orders, policies, press releases, questionnaires, reports, research materials, right-to-sue requests, settlement documents, shopper reports, surveys, visitation reports, and the deposition transcripts of over 150 witnesses, who document the history of the alleged discrimination of Shoneys, Inc and Ray Danner.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Haynes v. Shoneys Papers documents the largest racial discrimination class-action suit against a private employer in the history of civil rights law. The collection has significant historical and research value for American legal history and civil rights scholars. Some topics include the admissibility of prior discrimination as evidence, adverse witnesses, affirmative action, allegations of recent discrimination, class certification, defendants contacts with plaintiffs' witnesses and clients, deceased claimants notes, destruction of evidence, jury selection, Raymond Danner's claim to fight race discrimination, and the Southern Christian Leadership Conferences covenant with Shoneys, in which the corporation promised that it would do business with minority-owned firms and target management jobs and franchise ownership opportunities for African-Americans. Among the materials included are all court pleadings and filings in the case, affidavits and declarations, challenges, consent decrees, correspondence, depositions, discovery documents, expert witness files, interrogatories, investigative files, newspaper and magazine articles, notebooks, orders, policies, press releases, questionnaires, reports, research materials, right-to-sue requests, settlement documents, shopper reports, surveys, visitation reports, and the deposition transcripts of over 150 witnesses, who document the history of the alleged discrimination of Shoneys, Inc and Ray Danner."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections and Archives. 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Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_991a1ea9febf70050aa6b227f8416a78\"\u003eClaude Pepper Library.\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Claude Pepper Library."],"names_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Thomas A. Warren Law Offices (Tallahassee, Fla.)","Danner, Raymond L."],"corpname_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Thomas A. 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","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#7/components#1","_nest_parent_":"f28075319707fab1b45565f1_aspace_08233c20f7ef11849966167b44fe9424","_root_":"f28075319707fab1b45565f1","timestamp":"2026-04-29T02:04:03.535Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"f28075319707fab1b45565f1","title_ssm":["Elena Kurstin Cuban Memorabilia Collection"],"title_tesim":["Elena Kurstin Cuban Memorabilia Collection"],"ead_ssi":"f28075319707fab1b45565f1","unitdate_ssm":["date unknown"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["date unknown"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SPC8000","/repositories/2/resources/84"],"text":["SPC8000","/repositories/2/resources/84","Elena Kurstin Cuban Memorabilia Collection, date unknown","Cuba","Cold War","Cuba -- History -- 1933-1959","Cuba -- Pictorial works","Cuba--Politics and government. ","Cuba--Social life and customs--Pictorial works","Cuba--Social conditions--20th century","postcards","Advertising--Tourism","stamp collecting","tourism","Correspondence","The collection is open for research.","The Elena Kurstin Cuban Memorabilia Collection provides a glance at Cuban life and culture in the years prior to 1959. This collection contains assorted pieces of ephemera that depict the lives of average Cuban people. Included are photographs of the countryside and people, postcards, and advertisements. The Cuban tourist industry is well represented, especially the resorts and casinos of 1940s and 1950s Havana. The collection also includes magazine and newspaper articles about Cuba, both pre and post-revolution.","Rights: Copyright undetermined. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. 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","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general","FIU Special Collections","English Spanish; Castilian"],"unitid_tesim":["SPC8000","/repositories/2/resources/84"],"normalized_date_ssm":["date unknown"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Elena Kurstin Cuban Memorabilia Collection, date unknown"],"collection_title_tesim":["Elena Kurstin Cuban Memorabilia Collection, date unknown"],"collection_ssim":["Elena Kurstin Cuban Memorabilia Collection, date unknown"],"repository_ssm":["FIU Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Cuba"],"geogname_ssim":["Cuba"],"places_ssim":["Cuba"],"access_terms_ssm":["Rights: Copyright undetermined. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. 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The collection also includes magazine and newspaper articles about Cuba, both pre and post-revolution.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Elena Kurstin Cuban Memorabilia Collection provides a glance at Cuban life and culture in the years prior to 1959. This collection contains assorted pieces of ephemera that depict the lives of average Cuban people. Included are photographs of the countryside and people, postcards, and advertisements. The Cuban tourist industry is well represented, especially the resorts and casinos of 1940s and 1950s Havana. The collection also includes magazine and newspaper articles about Cuba, both pre and post-revolution."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRights: Copyright undetermined. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections \u0026amp; University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Rights: Copyright undetermined. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections. ","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"names_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"corpname_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"language_ssim":["English Spanish; Castilian"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":258,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"f28075319707fab1b45565f1","timestamp":"2026-04-29T02:04:03.535Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/f28075319707fab1b45565f1_aspace_00bbcfc33b6733ea25b400e6ba272089"}},{"id":"ae4e9efba5260571ede19734_aspace_69213","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"Cachet Covers and Envelopes., 1884-1995","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/ae4e9efba5260571ede19734_aspace_69213#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is arranged alphabetically. Box 11, Folder 20 contains larger-sized cachet covers and envelopes relating to the following topics: Margaret Sanger/Birth Control Clinic, Miscellaneous, Molly Pitcher, Mother's Day, Philately, and Susan B. Anthony/Suffrage. Highlights include a handwritten postcard by Susan B. Anthony, and envelopes addressed to Margaret Sanger and William Lloyd Garrison\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/ae4e9efba5260571ede19734_aspace_69213#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_69213","ref_ssm":["aspace_69213","aspace_69213"],"id":"ae4e9efba5260571ede19734_aspace_69213","title_filing_ssi":"Cachet Covers and Envelopes.","title_ssm":["Cachet Covers and Envelopes."],"title_tesim":["Cachet Covers and Envelopes."],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1884-1995"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1884-1995"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Cachet Covers and Envelopes., 1884-1995"],"text":["Cachet Covers and Envelopes., 1884-1995","Judith and Warren Kaplan Collection, Women's and Gender Studies, 1792-2016, bulk 1900-2000","Postal Series, 1884-1997","/repositories/4/archival_objects/75822","This subseries is arranged alphabetically.  Box 11, Folder 20 contains larger-sized cachet covers and envelopes relating to the following topics: Margaret Sanger/Birth Control Clinic, Miscellaneous, Molly Pitcher, Mother's Day, Philately, and Susan B. Anthony/Suffrage. Highlights include a handwritten postcard by Susan B. Anthony, and envelopes addressed to Margaret Sanger and William Lloyd Garrison"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["ae4e9efba5260571ede19734","ae4e9efba5260571ede19734_aspace_69211"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Judith and Warren Kaplan Collection, Women's and Gender Studies, 1792-2016, bulk 1900-2000","Postal Series, 1884-1997"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Judith and Warren Kaplan Collection, Women's and Gender Studies, 1792-2016, bulk 1900-2000","Postal Series, 1884-1997"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/4/archival_objects/75822"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Judith and Warren Kaplan Collection, Women's and Gender Studies, 1792-2016, bulk 1900-2000"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":14,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":279,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The entire collection is open for research except for Box 34, which is closed until 2042."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is arranged alphabetically.  Box 11, Folder 20 contains larger-sized cachet covers and envelopes relating to the following topics: Margaret Sanger/Birth Control Clinic, Miscellaneous, Molly Pitcher, Mother's Day, Philately, and Susan B. Anthony/Suffrage. Highlights include a handwritten postcard by Susan B. Anthony, and envelopes addressed to Margaret Sanger and William Lloyd Garrison\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Note"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This subseries is arranged alphabetically.  Box 11, Folder 20 contains larger-sized cachet covers and envelopes relating to the following topics: Margaret Sanger/Birth Control Clinic, Miscellaneous, Molly Pitcher, Mother's Day, Philately, and Susan B. Anthony/Suffrage. Highlights include a handwritten postcard by Susan B. Anthony, and envelopes addressed to Margaret Sanger and William Lloyd Garrison"],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#0","_nest_parent_":"ae4e9efba5260571ede19734_aspace_69211","_root_":"ae4e9efba5260571ede19734","timestamp":"2026-04-21T03:49:14.837Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"ae4e9efba5260571ede19734","title_ssm":["Judith and Warren Kaplan Collection, Women's and Gender Studies"],"title_tesim":["Judith and Warren Kaplan Collection, Women's and Gender Studies"],"ead_ssi":"ae4e9efba5260571ede19734","unitdate_ssm":["1792-2016","1900-2000"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1900-2000"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1792-2016"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 100","/repositories/4/resources/8"],"text":["SC 100","/repositories/4/resources/8","Judith and Warren Kaplan Collection, Women's and Gender Studies, 1792-2016, bulk 1900-2000","Stamp collecting","Suffrage","first day covers","The entire collection is open for research except for Box 34, which is closed until 2042.","The collection is divided into six series and is organized by type of materials, all of which relate to Women in History, both in the United States and around the world.","Judith \"Judy\" Kaplan was born on July 20, 1938, in Bronx, New York. She lived there until her marriage to Warren Kaplan in 1958 when they moved to Jackson Heights, Queens New York. She attended Hunter College, earning her BA in Psychology in 1960. Her working career included positions as life Insurance Agent, stock broker (NYSE), venture capital/private placements, starting TIPEX, Inc., in partnership with Warren, which became the largest dealer in an aspect of philately (stamp collecting) called First Day Covers. Judith joined the National Organization for Women (NOW) in the late 1960s, was active in NOW-NY, the founding chapter of NOW, and acted as fundraiser and treasurer. In the late 1970s Judy started Action Packets, later named Action Products International. From 1976-1980 she designed, produced and marketed the Women'’s History Series of First Day Covers by NOW-NY. In 1985 Judith became one of the first women to bring the company she founded public via an IPO on NASDAQ. Judy had started collecting first day covers about women's achievements and then added almost anything documenting women in history: postcards, books, autographed letters, original documents, and ephemera. Judith Kaplan passed away on May 4, 2024.","Collection was processed by John Settle and Nadeen Kiwan; finding aid was prepared by John Settle.\nFolder contents were kept intact, while some rearrangement of folders was conducted to group similar materials together. All paper materials have been placed in acid free pH neutral folders and stored in archival containers. Larger artwork and posters were also placed in acid free folders but are stored in archival flat files. Paper clips and staples have been removed and replaced with plastic clips. Photographs, First Day Covers, and postcards have been individually sleeved. Inventory revised by Asmara Cortes-Caba in 2024.","Judith and Warren Kaplan books can also be found by searching the series \"Judith and Warren Kaplan Collection\" in the UCF Library  Online Catalog.  \nOther collections concerning women and politics include  Beatrice B. Ettinger Papers ,  Phyllis J. Hudson Political Papers ,  Lynda Van Scoyoc Women's Political Caucus Collection ,  Democratic Women's Club of Florida, Inc. Collection , and  League of Women Voters of Volusia County.","Series I: Judith Kaplan Papers, 1960-2016, contains the personal files of Kaplan related to her business ventures and collecting efforts. Materials include academic files, business documents, correspondence, photographs, books, articles, speeches, event flyers, and promotional materials.","\nSeries II: Research Files, 1913-2016, contains materials compiled by Kaplan related to her research of Women's History, including articles, pamphlets, newspaper clippings, magazines, newsletters, artwork, and bookmarks.","\nSeries III: Postal Series, 1884-1997, contains a large number of stamps, First Day Covers, and postcards, allfeaturing women in history.","\nSeries IV: Women in History, 1792-2016, contains subject files related to various individual women in United States history.","\nSeries V: Artwork, ca. 1976-2013, contains original paintings and various artwork.","\nSeries VI: Memorabilia, 1915-2008, contains a wide variety of souvenirs and collectibles, including a large number of pins and buttons.","Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","Created by Judith and Warren Kaplan, the collection contains a wide variety of materials related to Women's History, with special emphasis on stamps, suffrage, and women of achievement in United States history.","UCF Special Collections","National Organization for Women","National Organization for Women. New York Chapter","National Women's History Museum (U.S.)","Kaplan, Judith","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 100","/repositories/4/resources/8"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1792-2016, bulk 1900-2000"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Judith and Warren Kaplan Collection, Women's and Gender Studies, 1792-2016, bulk 1900-2000"],"collection_title_tesim":["Judith and Warren Kaplan Collection, Women's and Gender Studies, 1792-2016, bulk 1900-2000"],"collection_ssim":["Judith and Warren Kaplan Collection, Women's and Gender Studies, 1792-2016, bulk 1900-2000"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"creator_ssm":["Kaplan, Judith"],"creator_ssim":["Kaplan, Judith"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Kaplan, Judith"],"creators_ssim":["Kaplan, Judith"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Judith and Warren Kaplan donated these materials to the University of Central Florida Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives in 2015 (CFM2015_01). Additional materials were donated in 2016 (CFM2016_11) and 2017 (CFM2017_01)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Stamp collecting","Suffrage","first day covers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Stamp collecting","Suffrage","first day covers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["25.1 Linear Feet 34 boxes, 1 flat file, 1 object"],"extent_tesim":["25.1 Linear Feet 34 boxes, 1 flat file, 1 object"],"genreform_ssim":["first day covers"],"date_range_isim":[1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research except for Box 34, which is closed until 2042.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research except for Box 34, which is closed until 2042."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into six series and is organized by type of materials, all of which relate to Women in History, both in the United States and around the world.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into six series and is organized by type of materials, all of which relate to Women in History, both in the United States and around the world."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJudith \"Judy\" Kaplan was born on July 20, 1938, in Bronx, New York. She lived there until her marriage to Warren Kaplan in 1958 when they moved to Jackson Heights, Queens New York. She attended Hunter College, earning her BA in Psychology in 1960. Her working career included positions as life Insurance Agent, stock broker (NYSE), venture capital/private placements, starting TIPEX, Inc., in partnership with Warren, which became the largest dealer in an aspect of philately (stamp collecting) called First Day Covers. Judith joined the National Organization for Women (NOW) in the late 1960s, was active in NOW-NY, the founding chapter of NOW, and acted as fundraiser and treasurer. In the late 1970s Judy started Action Packets, later named Action Products International. From 1976-1980 she designed, produced and marketed the Women'\u0026#x92;s History Series of First Day Covers by NOW-NY. In 1985 Judith became one of the first women to bring the company she founded public via an IPO on NASDAQ. Judy had started collecting first day covers about women's achievements and then added almost anything documenting women in history: postcards, books, autographed letters, original documents, and ephemera. Judith Kaplan passed away on May 4, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Judith \"Judy\" Kaplan was born on July 20, 1938, in Bronx, New York. She lived there until her marriage to Warren Kaplan in 1958 when they moved to Jackson Heights, Queens New York. She attended Hunter College, earning her BA in Psychology in 1960. Her working career included positions as life Insurance Agent, stock broker (NYSE), venture capital/private placements, starting TIPEX, Inc., in partnership with Warren, which became the largest dealer in an aspect of philately (stamp collecting) called First Day Covers. Judith joined the National Organization for Women (NOW) in the late 1960s, was active in NOW-NY, the founding chapter of NOW, and acted as fundraiser and treasurer. In the late 1970s Judy started Action Packets, later named Action Products International. From 1976-1980 she designed, produced and marketed the Women'’s History Series of First Day Covers by NOW-NY. In 1985 Judith became one of the first women to bring the company she founded public via an IPO on NASDAQ. Judy had started collecting first day covers about women's achievements and then added almost anything documenting women in history: postcards, books, autographed letters, original documents, and ephemera. Judith Kaplan passed away on May 4, 2024."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Judith and Warren Kaplan Collection, Women's and Gender Studies, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["The Judith and Warren Kaplan Collection, Women's and Gender Studies, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection was processed by John Settle and Nadeen Kiwan; finding aid was prepared by John Settle.\nFolder contents were kept intact, while some rearrangement of folders was conducted to group similar materials together. All paper materials have been placed in acid free pH neutral folders and stored in archival containers. Larger artwork and posters were also placed in acid free folders but are stored in archival flat files. Paper clips and staples have been removed and replaced with plastic clips. Photographs, First Day Covers, and postcards have been individually sleeved. Inventory revised by Asmara Cortes-Caba in 2024.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Collection was processed by John Settle and Nadeen Kiwan; finding aid was prepared by John Settle.\nFolder contents were kept intact, while some rearrangement of folders was conducted to group similar materials together. All paper materials have been placed in acid free pH neutral folders and stored in archival containers. Larger artwork and posters were also placed in acid free folders but are stored in archival flat files. Paper clips and staples have been removed and replaced with plastic clips. Photographs, First Day Covers, and postcards have been individually sleeved. Inventory revised by Asmara Cortes-Caba in 2024."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJudith and Warren Kaplan books can also be found by searching the series \"Judith and Warren Kaplan Collection\" in the UCF Library \u003cextref href=\"https://library.ucf.edu\"\u003eOnline Catalog.\u003c/extref\u003e \nOther collections concerning women and politics include \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2002-02\"\u003eBeatrice B. Ettinger Papers\u003c/extref\u003e, \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2005-02\"\u003ePhyllis J. Hudson Political Papers\u003c/extref\u003e, \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2005-15\"\u003eLynda Van Scoyoc Women's Political Caucus Collection\u003c/extref\u003e, \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2008-05\"\u003eDemocratic Women's Club of Florida, Inc. Collection\u003c/extref\u003e, and \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2010-02\"\u003eLeague of Women Voters of Volusia County.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Judith and Warren Kaplan books can also be found by searching the series \"Judith and Warren Kaplan Collection\" in the UCF Library  Online Catalog.  \nOther collections concerning women and politics include  Beatrice B. Ettinger Papers ,  Phyllis J. Hudson Political Papers ,  Lynda Van Scoyoc Women's Political Caucus Collection ,  Democratic Women's Club of Florida, Inc. Collection , and  League of Women Voters of Volusia County."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Judith Kaplan Papers, 1960-2016, contains the personal files of Kaplan related to her business ventures and collecting efforts. Materials include academic files, business documents, correspondence, photographs, books, articles, speeches, event flyers, and promotional materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries II: Research Files, 1913-2016, contains materials compiled by Kaplan related to her research of Women's History, including articles, pamphlets, newspaper clippings, magazines, newsletters, artwork, and bookmarks.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries III: Postal Series, 1884-1997, contains a large number of stamps, First Day Covers, and postcards, allfeaturing women in history.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries IV: Women in History, 1792-2016, contains subject files related to various individual women in United States history.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries V: Artwork, ca. 1976-2013, contains original paintings and various artwork.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VI: Memorabilia, 1915-2008, contains a wide variety of souvenirs and collectibles, including a large number of pins and buttons.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Series I: Judith Kaplan Papers, 1960-2016, contains the personal files of Kaplan related to her business ventures and collecting efforts. Materials include academic files, business documents, correspondence, photographs, books, articles, speeches, event flyers, and promotional materials.","\nSeries II: Research Files, 1913-2016, contains materials compiled by Kaplan related to her research of Women's History, including articles, pamphlets, newspaper clippings, magazines, newsletters, artwork, and bookmarks.","\nSeries III: Postal Series, 1884-1997, contains a large number of stamps, First Day Covers, and postcards, allfeaturing women in history.","\nSeries IV: Women in History, 1792-2016, contains subject files related to various individual women in United States history.","\nSeries V: Artwork, ca. 1976-2013, contains original paintings and various artwork.","\nSeries VI: Memorabilia, 1915-2008, contains a wide variety of souvenirs and collectibles, including a large number of pins and buttons."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Copyright Statement"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_5765cfec293662f410013f49a81ec804\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eCreated by Judith and Warren Kaplan, the collection contains a wide variety of materials related to Women's History, with special emphasis on stamps, suffrage, and women of achievement in United States history.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Created by Judith and Warren Kaplan, the collection contains a wide variety of materials related to Women's History, with special emphasis on stamps, suffrage, and women of achievement in United States history."],"names_coll_ssim":["National Organization for Women","National Organization for Women. New York Chapter","National Women's History Museum (U.S.)"],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","National Organization for Women","National Organization for Women. New York Chapter","National Women's History Museum (U.S.)","Kaplan, Judith"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","National Organization for Women","National Organization for Women. New York Chapter","National Women's History Museum (U.S.)"],"persname_ssim":["Kaplan, Judith"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":929,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"ae4e9efba5260571ede19734","timestamp":"2026-04-21T03:49:14.837Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/ae4e9efba5260571ede19734_aspace_69213"}},{"id":"a79c840ed87d42961e583cf1_aspace_85728","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"Cadmium","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/a79c840ed87d42961e583cf1_aspace_85728#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_85728","ref_ssm":["aspace_85728","aspace_85728"],"id":"a79c840ed87d42961e583cf1_aspace_85728","title_filing_ssi":"Cadmium","title_ssm":["Cadmium"],"title_tesim":["Cadmium"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Cadmium"],"text":["Cadmium","Jonas and Edna Kamlet / Kamlet Laboratories records, 1913-1989, Date acquired: 00/00/2006","Kamlet: RM Folders","Sub-Series 147","/repositories/2/archival_objects/124698"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["a79c840ed87d42961e583cf1","a79c840ed87d42961e583cf1_aspace_7673"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Jonas and Edna Kamlet / Kamlet Laboratories records, 1913-1989, Date acquired: 00/00/2006","Kamlet: RM Folders"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Jonas and Edna Kamlet / Kamlet Laboratories records, 1913-1989, Date acquired: 00/00/2006","Kamlet: RM Folders"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["Sub-Series 147","/repositories/2/archival_objects/124698"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Jonas and Edna Kamlet / Kamlet Laboratories records, 1913-1989, Date acquired: 00/00/2006"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":1,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":1668,"parent_access_terms_tesm":["None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information."],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#152","_nest_parent_":"a79c840ed87d42961e583cf1_aspace_7673","_root_":"a79c840ed87d42961e583cf1","_version_":1870863518701453312,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T09:34:47.077Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"a79c840ed87d42961e583cf1","title_ssm":["Jonas and Edna Kamlet / Kamlet Laboratories records"],"title_tesim":["Jonas and Edna Kamlet / Kamlet Laboratories records"],"ead_ssi":"a79c840ed87d42961e583cf1","unitdate_ssm":["1913-1989","Date acquired: 00/00/2006"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1913-1989"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 00/00/2006"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-2006-10","/repositories/2/resources/535"],"text":["MS-2006-10","/repositories/2/resources/535","Jonas and Edna Kamlet / Kamlet Laboratories records, 1913-1989, Date acquired: 00/00/2006","Chemical engineering laboratories","The following are four ways in which the series were arranged.","By subject; also by chronological order when applicable. Folders arranged alphabetically by company name or an individual's last name; chronological organization within these divisions. ","Folders within the Hollinger boxes arranged primarily in chronological order; documents within folders also contain a previously assigned communication number, which coincides with the chronological order.  (The only exception is the first folder, titled \"Additional Correspondence and Meeting Notes – May 4, 1950 to October 1, 1952,\" which lacks communication numbers and is arranged in chronological order unto itself.) ","Materials are organized into folders by format, subject, and original folder number.  The subject headings of each folder are the headings applied to the original folders by the Kamlets.  (The container listing of this finding aid provides only folders numbers and subject headings for folders and does not list individual folders or items.) Duplicate folder numbers were found during processing; in such cases, the subjects are organized both numerically and alphabetically.  Contents inside folders are organized chronologically when applicable.  Some folders contain the format denotation \"Notes to Users.\"  Folders with this title contain index cards that were often found attached to the original manila envelopes.  A set of arranged index cards organized by Edna Kamlet exists separately from this finding aid in order to assist users.  The index cards of this separate finding mechanism direct users to folder numbers containing information on a variety of subjects.  The index cards that are a part of this finding mechanism are organized alphabetically by subject.  Contact an archivist for assistance with this secondary finding aid.  ","Materials have been arranged with regards to their original order.  Organized by subject.  A set of arranged index cards organized by Edna Kamlet exists separately from this finding aid in order to assist users in locating information; however, this particular series may not directly correspond to the finding aid created by Edna Kamlet. Also, folders often contain \"page numbers\" in the folder title; these page numbers refer to pages in an additional notebook that also acts as a guide for this collection.  Contact an archivist for assistance with these supplemental guides.","Jonas Kamlet, Ph. D., and his wife, Edna, founded The Kamlet Laboratory (1940-1979) in New York City.  The laboratory's work centered on the research and development of new methods for chemical products, as well as identifying interested clients for said methods and selling rights to them.  The laboratory also provided consultation services to a variety of businesses.  Edna Kamlet continued the laboratory's work following the death of her husband in 1960.  She retired in 1979 and also went on to remarry, changing her name to Edna Rogers.","Martin, D. \u0026 Martin, B. (2006). Jonas Kamlet (1914-1960) Chemist/Entrepreneur. Florida Scientist, v. 70, no. 1, pp. 40-44","USF Libraries Obtain Innovative Chemist's Collection. (Summer 2006). Library Links, v. 10, no. 2. Retrieved May 5, 2007, from http://www.lib.usf.edu/public/_files/LLsummer2006_p5.pdf","Note written by BMB 10/1/07","This collection is a compilation of eight finding aids. Each finding aid represents a series.  ","1.\tThis collection consists primarily of the personal materials of Kamlet family members: personal papers, correspondence (including War World II correspondence from Mortimer J. Kamlet,) professional correspondence, magazine clippings, newspaper clippings, photographs, photo negatives, drafts, publications, certificates, personal effects, and a diploma.  A biographical note about Jonas Kamlet, written after his death, provides a synopsis of his research interests and client relations.","2.\tPrimarily consists of the personal materials of Edna and Jonas Kamlet, including personal papers, professional and personal correspondence, newspaper and magazine clippings, booklets, drawings, maps, and business cards. \n \n3.\tCopies of outgoing correspondence from Kamlet to clients, potential clients, and other entities/individuals.  Thematic content includes: networking; the discussion of ongoing business and relations between Kamlet and various correspondents; the discussion of new scientific processes and developments; inquiries by Kamlet into the scientific of work of others or the requesting of information pertinent to his own work, etc.","4.\tFolders within the Hollinger boxes arranged primarily in chronological order; documents within folders also contain a previously assigned communication number, which coincides with the chronological order.  (The only exception is the first folder, titled \"Additional Correspondence and Meeting Notes – May 4, 1950 to October 1, 1952,\" which lacks communication numbers and is arranged in chronological order unto itself.) ","5.\tTypes of materials present include the following: Abstracts; addresses; advertisements; announcements; applications; articles; bibliographies; binders; booklets; books; brochures; bulletins; business cards; compendium; constitutions; contracts; correspondence; data book; data sheets; folio; graphs; handbooks; information cards; information circulars; invoices; leaflets; letter circulars; lists of publications; magazine clippings; manuscripts; maps; memoranda; messages; minutes; newsletters; newspaper clippings; newspaper publications; notebooks; notes; packets; pamphlets; papers; patent papers; photographs; postcards; press releases; price lists; price quote; proceedings; product sample; proposals; publications; reports; research papers; results; reviews; schedules; sketches; supplements; surveys; telegrams; term papers; theses; and transcriptions.  Many of these items exist only as photocopies; dates associated materials reflect the date of the information and not necessarily the date of the physical item.  Folder titles are indicative of the collection's varied thematic content.","6.\tTypes of materials present include the following: articles, bibliographies, booklets, brochures, bulletins, catalogs, correspondence, data sheets, guides, handbooks. Leaflets, manuscripts, maps, notes, newspaper clippings, pamphlets, papers, press releases, patent papers, photographs, price lists, publications, recipes, reports, results, reviews, memoranda, newsletters, notebooks, technical papers, proceedings (excerpts), postcards, reviews, and letter circulars.  Many of these items exist only as photocopies; dates associated materials reflect the date of the information and not necessarily the date of the physical item.  Folder titles are indicative of the collection's varied thematic content.","7.\tThis particular series has a focus on the patenting process with regards to the work of Kamlet himself, as well as the pursuits of his clients.  The following types of materials are represented: agreements; applications; articles; booklets; bulletins; contracts, correspondence; memoranda; minutes; notebooks; patents and related paperwork; publications; reports; specifications; and typescripts. Many of these items exist only as photocopies; dates associated materials reflect the date of the information and not necessarily the date of the physical item.","8.     Scrapbooks, consisting primarily of the professional and personal materials of Edna and Jonas Kamlet, along with a few items relating to Mortimer J. Kamlet: correspondence, newspaper and magazine clippings, journal articles, booklets, photographs, business cards, certificates, advertisements, postcards, letters, drawings, and playbills. Thematic content includes the following: research and news related to drug synthesis, diabetic testing, pregnancy and hormones, sulfa drugs, penicillin, vitamins, diabetic testing, etc.; contemporary scientific, cultural, and social trends and issues; tracking the work of contemporary scientists and companies; advertisements for products resulting from contemporary scientific endeavors; Kamlet and his new ideas, products, and processes, along with his own research (blood and urine testing, pulp waste, livestock feed, etc.); Edna's art interests; Mortimer J. Kamlet, his research, and the AIC (American Institute of Chemists); and Jonas Kamlet's patents.","None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information.","This collection consists of records related to the Kamlet Laboratory and its founders. Chemist. Jonas kamlet and his wife, Edna, founded The Kamlet Laboratory (1940-1979) in New York City. The laboratory's work centered on the research and development of new methods for chemical products as well as identifying interested clients and selling rights to them. The laboratory also provided consultation services to a variety of businesses. Included are: personal papers, correspondence, professional correspondence, magazine clippings, newspaper clippings, photographs, drafts, publications, advertisements, announcements, price quotes, technical reports, test results, and scrapbooks.\n\tIncludes personal papers, correspondence, professional correspondence, magazine clippings, newspaper clippings, photographs, drafts, publications, advertisements, announcements, price quotes, technical reports, test results, and scrapbooks.","USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Kamlet, Jonas (1914-1960)","Kamlet, Edna","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-2006-10","/repositories/2/resources/535"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1913-1989, Date acquired: 00/00/2006"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Jonas and Edna Kamlet / Kamlet Laboratories records, 1913-1989, Date acquired: 00/00/2006"],"collection_title_tesim":["Jonas and Edna Kamlet / Kamlet Laboratories records, 1913-1989, Date acquired: 00/00/2006"],"collection_ssim":["Jonas and Edna Kamlet / Kamlet Laboratories records, 1913-1989, Date acquired: 00/00/2006"],"repository_ssm":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"creator_ssm":["Kamlet, Jonas (1914-1960)","Kamlet, Edna"],"creator_ssim":["Kamlet, Jonas (1914-1960)","Kamlet, Edna"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Kamlet, Jonas (1914-1960)","Kamlet, Edna"],"creators_ssim":["Kamlet, Jonas (1914-1960)","Kamlet, Edna"],"access_terms_ssm":["None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Edna Rodgers","Donation."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Chemical engineering laboratories"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Chemical engineering laboratories"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["177.00 Linear Feet","232 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["177.00 Linear Feet","232 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe following are four ways in which the series were arranged.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBy subject; also by chronological order when applicable. Folders arranged alphabetically by company name or an individual's last name; chronological organization within these divisions. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFolders within the Hollinger boxes arranged primarily in chronological order; documents within folders also contain a previously assigned communication number, which coincides with the chronological order.\u0026#xA0; (The only exception is the first folder, titled \"Additional Correspondence and Meeting Notes \u0026#x2013; May 4, 1950 to October 1, 1952,\" which lacks communication numbers and is arranged in chronological order unto itself.) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials are organized into folders by format, subject, and original folder number.\u0026#xA0; The subject headings of each folder are the headings applied to the original folders by the Kamlets.\u0026#xA0; (The container listing of this finding aid provides only folders numbers and subject headings for folders and does not list individual folders or items.) Duplicate folder numbers were found during processing; in such cases, the subjects are organized both numerically and alphabetically.\u0026#xA0; Contents inside folders are organized chronologically when applicable.\u0026#xA0; Some folders contain the format denotation \"Notes to Users.\"\u0026#xA0; Folders with this title contain index cards that were often found attached to the original manila envelopes.\u0026#xA0; A set of arranged index cards organized by Edna Kamlet exists separately from this finding aid in order to assist users.\u0026#xA0; The index cards of this separate finding mechanism direct users to folder numbers containing information on a variety of subjects.\u0026#xA0; The index cards that are a part of this finding mechanism are organized alphabetically by subject.\u0026#xA0; Contact an archivist for assistance with this secondary finding aid.\u0026#xA0; \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials have been arranged with regards to their original order.\u0026#xA0; Organized by subject.\u0026#xA0; A set of arranged index cards organized by Edna Kamlet exists separately from this finding aid in order to assist users in locating information; however, this particular series may not directly correspond to the finding aid created by Edna Kamlet. Also, folders often contain \"page numbers\" in the folder title; these page numbers refer to pages in an additional notebook that also acts as a guide for this collection.\u0026#xA0; Contact an archivist for assistance with these supplemental guides.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The following are four ways in which the series were arranged.","By subject; also by chronological order when applicable. Folders arranged alphabetically by company name or an individual's last name; chronological organization within these divisions. ","Folders within the Hollinger boxes arranged primarily in chronological order; documents within folders also contain a previously assigned communication number, which coincides with the chronological order.  (The only exception is the first folder, titled \"Additional Correspondence and Meeting Notes – May 4, 1950 to October 1, 1952,\" which lacks communication numbers and is arranged in chronological order unto itself.) ","Materials are organized into folders by format, subject, and original folder number.  The subject headings of each folder are the headings applied to the original folders by the Kamlets.  (The container listing of this finding aid provides only folders numbers and subject headings for folders and does not list individual folders or items.) Duplicate folder numbers were found during processing; in such cases, the subjects are organized both numerically and alphabetically.  Contents inside folders are organized chronologically when applicable.  Some folders contain the format denotation \"Notes to Users.\"  Folders with this title contain index cards that were often found attached to the original manila envelopes.  A set of arranged index cards organized by Edna Kamlet exists separately from this finding aid in order to assist users.  The index cards of this separate finding mechanism direct users to folder numbers containing information on a variety of subjects.  The index cards that are a part of this finding mechanism are organized alphabetically by subject.  Contact an archivist for assistance with this secondary finding aid.  ","Materials have been arranged with regards to their original order.  Organized by subject.  A set of arranged index cards organized by Edna Kamlet exists separately from this finding aid in order to assist users in locating information; however, this particular series may not directly correspond to the finding aid created by Edna Kamlet. Also, folders often contain \"page numbers\" in the folder title; these page numbers refer to pages in an additional notebook that also acts as a guide for this collection.  Contact an archivist for assistance with these supplemental guides."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJonas Kamlet, Ph. D., and his wife, Edna, founded The Kamlet Laboratory (1940-1979) in New York City.\u0026#xA0; The laboratory's work centered on the research and development of new methods for chemical products, as well as identifying interested clients for said methods and selling rights to them.\u0026#xA0; The laboratory also provided consultation services to a variety of businesses.\u0026#xA0; Edna Kamlet continued the laboratory's work following the death of her husband in 1960.\u0026#xA0; She retired in 1979 and also went on to remarry, changing her name to Edna Rogers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMartin, D. \u0026amp; Martin, B. (2006). Jonas Kamlet (1914-1960) Chemist/Entrepreneur. Florida Scientist, v. 70, no. 1, pp. 40-44\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUSF Libraries Obtain Innovative Chemist's Collection. (Summer 2006). Library Links, v. 10, no. 2. Retrieved May 5, 2007, from http://www.lib.usf.edu/public/_files/LLsummer2006_p5.pdf\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote written by BMB 10/1/07\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Jonas Kamlet, Ph. D., and his wife, Edna, founded The Kamlet Laboratory (1940-1979) in New York City.  The laboratory's work centered on the research and development of new methods for chemical products, as well as identifying interested clients for said methods and selling rights to them.  The laboratory also provided consultation services to a variety of businesses.  Edna Kamlet continued the laboratory's work following the death of her husband in 1960.  She retired in 1979 and also went on to remarry, changing her name to Edna Rogers.","Martin, D. \u0026 Martin, B. (2006). Jonas Kamlet (1914-1960) Chemist/Entrepreneur. Florida Scientist, v. 70, no. 1, pp. 40-44","USF Libraries Obtain Innovative Chemist's Collection. (Summer 2006). Library Links, v. 10, no. 2. Retrieved May 5, 2007, from http://www.lib.usf.edu/public/_files/LLsummer2006_p5.pdf","Note written by BMB 10/1/07"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eKamlet Laboratories Records, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.  .\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Kamlet Laboratories Records, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.  ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is a compilation of eight finding aids. Each finding aid represents a series.\u0026#xA0; \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1.\tThis collection consists primarily of the personal materials of Kamlet family members: personal papers, correspondence (including War World II correspondence from Mortimer J. Kamlet,) professional correspondence, magazine clippings, newspaper clippings, photographs, photo negatives, drafts, publications, certificates, personal effects, and a diploma.\u0026#xA0; A biographical note about Jonas Kamlet, written after his death, provides a synopsis of his research interests and client relations.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2.\tPrimarily consists of the personal materials of Edna and Jonas Kamlet, including personal papers, professional and personal correspondence, newspaper and magazine clippings, booklets, drawings, maps, and business cards. \n \n3.\tCopies of outgoing correspondence from Kamlet to clients, potential clients, and other entities/individuals.\u0026#xA0; Thematic content includes: networking; the discussion of ongoing business and relations between Kamlet and various correspondents; the discussion of new scientific processes and developments; inquiries by Kamlet into the scientific of work of others or the requesting of information pertinent to his own work, etc.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e4.\tFolders within the Hollinger boxes arranged primarily in chronological order; documents within folders also contain a previously assigned communication number, which coincides with the chronological order.\u0026#xA0; (The only exception is the first folder, titled \"Additional Correspondence and Meeting Notes \u0026#x2013; May 4, 1950 to October 1, 1952,\" which lacks communication numbers and is arranged in chronological order unto itself.) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e5.\tTypes of materials present include the following: Abstracts; addresses; advertisements; announcements; applications; articles; bibliographies; binders; booklets; books; brochures; bulletins; business cards; compendium; constitutions; contracts; correspondence; data book; data sheets; folio; graphs; handbooks; information cards; information circulars; invoices; leaflets; letter circulars; lists of publications; magazine clippings; manuscripts; maps; memoranda; messages; minutes; newsletters; newspaper clippings; newspaper publications; notebooks; notes; packets; pamphlets; papers; patent papers; photographs; postcards; press releases; price lists; price quote; proceedings; product sample; proposals; publications; reports; research papers; results; reviews; schedules; sketches; supplements; surveys; telegrams; term papers; theses; and transcriptions.\u0026#xA0; Many of these items exist only as photocopies; dates associated materials reflect the date of the information and not necessarily the date of the physical item.\u0026#xA0; Folder titles are indicative of the collection's varied thematic content.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e6.\tTypes of materials present include the following: articles, bibliographies, booklets, brochures, bulletins, catalogs, correspondence, data sheets, guides, handbooks. Leaflets, manuscripts, maps, notes, newspaper clippings, pamphlets, papers, press releases, patent papers, photographs, price lists, publications, recipes, reports, results, reviews, memoranda, newsletters, notebooks, technical papers, proceedings (excerpts), postcards, reviews, and letter circulars.\u0026#xA0; Many of these items exist only as photocopies; dates associated materials reflect the date of the information and not necessarily the date of the physical item.\u0026#xA0; Folder titles are indicative of the collection's varied thematic content.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e7.\tThis particular series has a focus on the patenting process with regards to the work of Kamlet himself, as well as the pursuits of his clients.\u0026#xA0; The following types of materials are represented: agreements; applications; articles; booklets; bulletins; contracts, correspondence; memoranda; minutes; notebooks; patents and related paperwork; publications; reports; specifications; and typescripts. Many of these items exist only as photocopies; dates associated materials reflect the date of the information and not necessarily the date of the physical item.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e8.\u0026#xA0; \u0026#xA0;\u0026#xA0; Scrapbooks, consisting primarily of the professional and personal materials of Edna and Jonas Kamlet, along with a few items relating to Mortimer J. Kamlet: correspondence, newspaper and magazine clippings, journal articles, booklets, photographs, business cards, certificates, advertisements, postcards, letters, drawings, and playbills. Thematic content includes the following: research and news related to drug synthesis, diabetic testing, pregnancy and hormones, sulfa drugs, penicillin, vitamins, diabetic testing, etc.; contemporary scientific, cultural, and social trends and issues; tracking the work of contemporary scientists and companies; advertisements for products resulting from contemporary scientific endeavors; Kamlet and his new ideas, products, and processes, along with his own research (blood and urine testing, pulp waste, livestock feed, etc.); Edna's art interests; Mortimer J. Kamlet, his research, and the AIC (American Institute of Chemists); and Jonas Kamlet's patents.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection is a compilation of eight finding aids. Each finding aid represents a series.  ","1.\tThis collection consists primarily of the personal materials of Kamlet family members: personal papers, correspondence (including War World II correspondence from Mortimer J. Kamlet,) professional correspondence, magazine clippings, newspaper clippings, photographs, photo negatives, drafts, publications, certificates, personal effects, and a diploma.  A biographical note about Jonas Kamlet, written after his death, provides a synopsis of his research interests and client relations.","2.\tPrimarily consists of the personal materials of Edna and Jonas Kamlet, including personal papers, professional and personal correspondence, newspaper and magazine clippings, booklets, drawings, maps, and business cards. \n \n3.\tCopies of outgoing correspondence from Kamlet to clients, potential clients, and other entities/individuals.  Thematic content includes: networking; the discussion of ongoing business and relations between Kamlet and various correspondents; the discussion of new scientific processes and developments; inquiries by Kamlet into the scientific of work of others or the requesting of information pertinent to his own work, etc.","4.\tFolders within the Hollinger boxes arranged primarily in chronological order; documents within folders also contain a previously assigned communication number, which coincides with the chronological order.  (The only exception is the first folder, titled \"Additional Correspondence and Meeting Notes – May 4, 1950 to October 1, 1952,\" which lacks communication numbers and is arranged in chronological order unto itself.) ","5.\tTypes of materials present include the following: Abstracts; addresses; advertisements; announcements; applications; articles; bibliographies; binders; booklets; books; brochures; bulletins; business cards; compendium; constitutions; contracts; correspondence; data book; data sheets; folio; graphs; handbooks; information cards; information circulars; invoices; leaflets; letter circulars; lists of publications; magazine clippings; manuscripts; maps; memoranda; messages; minutes; newsletters; newspaper clippings; newspaper publications; notebooks; notes; packets; pamphlets; papers; patent papers; photographs; postcards; press releases; price lists; price quote; proceedings; product sample; proposals; publications; reports; research papers; results; reviews; schedules; sketches; supplements; surveys; telegrams; term papers; theses; and transcriptions.  Many of these items exist only as photocopies; dates associated materials reflect the date of the information and not necessarily the date of the physical item.  Folder titles are indicative of the collection's varied thematic content.","6.\tTypes of materials present include the following: articles, bibliographies, booklets, brochures, bulletins, catalogs, correspondence, data sheets, guides, handbooks. Leaflets, manuscripts, maps, notes, newspaper clippings, pamphlets, papers, press releases, patent papers, photographs, price lists, publications, recipes, reports, results, reviews, memoranda, newsletters, notebooks, technical papers, proceedings (excerpts), postcards, reviews, and letter circulars.  Many of these items exist only as photocopies; dates associated materials reflect the date of the information and not necessarily the date of the physical item.  Folder titles are indicative of the collection's varied thematic content.","7.\tThis particular series has a focus on the patenting process with regards to the work of Kamlet himself, as well as the pursuits of his clients.  The following types of materials are represented: agreements; applications; articles; booklets; bulletins; contracts, correspondence; memoranda; minutes; notebooks; patents and related paperwork; publications; reports; specifications; and typescripts. Many of these items exist only as photocopies; dates associated materials reflect the date of the information and not necessarily the date of the physical item.","8.     Scrapbooks, consisting primarily of the professional and personal materials of Edna and Jonas Kamlet, along with a few items relating to Mortimer J. Kamlet: correspondence, newspaper and magazine clippings, journal articles, booklets, photographs, business cards, certificates, advertisements, postcards, letters, drawings, and playbills. Thematic content includes the following: research and news related to drug synthesis, diabetic testing, pregnancy and hormones, sulfa drugs, penicillin, vitamins, diabetic testing, etc.; contemporary scientific, cultural, and social trends and issues; tracking the work of contemporary scientists and companies; advertisements for products resulting from contemporary scientific endeavors; Kamlet and his new ideas, products, and processes, along with his own research (blood and urine testing, pulp waste, livestock feed, etc.); Edna's art interests; Mortimer J. Kamlet, his research, and the AIC (American Institute of Chemists); and Jonas Kamlet's patents."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone.\u0026#xA0;The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.\u0026#xA0; Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at \u003cextref href=\"http://www.copyright.gov/\"\u003ehttp://www.copyright.gov/\u003c/extref\u003e for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_f163370d009d8390608d15228d74d825\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection consists of records related to the Kamlet Laboratory and its founders. Chemist. Jonas kamlet and his wife, Edna, founded The Kamlet Laboratory (1940-1979) in New York City. The laboratory's work centered on the research and development of new methods for chemical products as well as identifying interested clients and selling rights to them. The laboratory also provided consultation services to a variety of businesses. Included are: personal papers, correspondence, professional correspondence, magazine clippings, newspaper clippings, photographs, drafts, publications, advertisements, announcements, price quotes, technical reports, test results, and scrapbooks.\n\tIncludes personal papers, correspondence, professional correspondence, magazine clippings, newspaper clippings, photographs, drafts, publications, advertisements, announcements, price quotes, technical reports, test results, and scrapbooks.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection consists of records related to the Kamlet Laboratory and its founders. Chemist. Jonas kamlet and his wife, Edna, founded The Kamlet Laboratory (1940-1979) in New York City. The laboratory's work centered on the research and development of new methods for chemical products as well as identifying interested clients and selling rights to them. The laboratory also provided consultation services to a variety of businesses. 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