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In addition to the dangers inherent in this kind of work, the men dealt with snakes, alligators, and oppressive heat. This little known part of Florida history was extensively documented in 1994-1995 by South Florida filmmaker and historian Cesar Becerra. This collection represents his work and research that has subsequently been used in exhibits and at least one court case. It includes photographs taken during the industry's heyday, government documents, videos, and oral history interviews with former loggers.","The materials in this collection concern the environmental impacts of industry in the Florida Everglades. For further research, the Franklin Adams Collection (SPC 9000) also relates to the Big Cypress Preserve. ","Additionally, the James A. Haley Congressional Papers and the Andy Ireland Congressional Papers--both collections housed at Florida Southern College--relate to Big Cypress and the broader Everglades region. ","This little known part of Florida history was extensively documented in 1994-1995 by South Florida filmmaker and historian Cesar Becerra. This collection represents his work and research that has subsequently been used in exhibits and at least one court case. It contains photographs, interview transcripts, and video pertaining to his research efforts.","The Cesar Becerra Logging Collection is owned by Florida International University.  This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general","FIU Special Collections","Franklin B. Adams","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SPC8075","/repositories/2/resources/103"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1971-1994"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Cesar Becerra Logging Industry Collection, 1971-1994"],"collection_title_tesim":["Cesar Becerra Logging Industry Collection, 1971-1994"],"collection_ssim":["Cesar Becerra Logging Industry Collection, 1971-1994"],"repository_ssm":["FIU Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Big Cypress National Preserve (Fla)","Big Cypress Swamp (Fla)"],"geogname_ssim":["Big Cypress National Preserve (Fla)","Big Cypress Swamp (Fla)"],"places_ssim":["Big Cypress National Preserve (Fla)","Big Cypress Swamp (Fla)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The Cesar Becerra Logging Collection is owned by Florida International University.  This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Materials were donated by Cesar Becerra"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Conservation","Environmental policy","Environmental justice","Florida panther","Logging"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Conservation","Environmental policy","Environmental justice","Florida panther","Logging"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["8.31 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["8.31 Linear Feet"],"physfacet_tesim":["5 Banker Boxes\n1 Small, flat box\n1 Large, flat box\n2 Slide Carousel boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research. Researchers must contact Special Collections \u0026amp; University Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact Special Collections \u0026 University Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this collection are arranged in the following series':\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Papers\nSeries 2: Photographs\nSeries 3: Videos\nOversize Items\nSlide Carousel\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The materials in this collection are arranged in the following series':","Series 1: Papers\nSeries 2: Photographs\nSeries 3: Videos\nOversize Items\nSlide Carousel"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eYou would never think of the Florida Everglades as a major contributor to Florida's logging industry, but from the 1920s through the early 1950s, it was. The epicenter was the long-abandoned Collier County town of Jerome, located on State Rd.29 just north of U.S.41. The Jerome lumber mill once was among the most productive in the United States. During the 1940s, loggers cut and finished about 100,000 board feet every day. About a thousand workers, mostly African-American men, kept the mill going. In addition to the dangers inherent in this kind of work, the men dealt with snakes, alligators, and oppressive heat. This little known part of Florida history was extensively documented in 1994-1995 by South Florida filmmaker and historian Cesar Becerra. This collection represents his work and research that has subsequently been used in exhibits and at least one court case. It includes photographs taken during the industry's heyday, government documents, videos, and oral history interviews with former loggers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["You would never think of the Florida Everglades as a major contributor to Florida's logging industry, but from the 1920s through the early 1950s, it was. The epicenter was the long-abandoned Collier County town of Jerome, located on State Rd.29 just north of U.S.41. The Jerome lumber mill once was among the most productive in the United States. During the 1940s, loggers cut and finished about 100,000 board feet every day. About a thousand workers, mostly African-American men, kept the mill going. In addition to the dangers inherent in this kind of work, the men dealt with snakes, alligators, and oppressive heat. This little known part of Florida history was extensively documented in 1994-1995 by South Florida filmmaker and historian Cesar Becerra. This collection represents his work and research that has subsequently been used in exhibits and at least one court case. It includes photographs taken during the industry's heyday, government documents, videos, and oral history interviews with former loggers."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this collection concern the environmental impacts of industry in the Florida Everglades. For further research, the Franklin Adams Collection (SPC 9000) also relates to the Big Cypress Preserve. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, the James A. Haley Congressional Papers and the Andy Ireland Congressional Papers--both collections housed at Florida Southern College--relate to Big Cypress and the broader Everglades region. \u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["The materials in this collection concern the environmental impacts of industry in the Florida Everglades. For further research, the Franklin Adams Collection (SPC 9000) also relates to the Big Cypress Preserve. ","Additionally, the James A. Haley Congressional Papers and the Andy Ireland Congressional Papers--both collections housed at Florida Southern College--relate to Big Cypress and the broader Everglades region. "],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis little known part of Florida history was extensively documented in 1994-1995 by South Florida filmmaker and historian Cesar Becerra. This collection represents his work and research that has subsequently been used in exhibits and at least one court case. It contains photographs, interview transcripts, and video pertaining to his research efforts.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This little known part of Florida history was extensively documented in 1994-1995 by South Florida filmmaker and historian Cesar Becerra. This collection represents his work and research that has subsequently been used in exhibits and at least one court case. It contains photographs, interview transcripts, and video pertaining to his research efforts."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Cesar Becerra Logging Collection is owned by Florida International University.  This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Cesar Becerra Logging Collection is owned by Florida International University.  This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"names_ssim":["FIU Special Collections","Franklin B. Adams"],"corpname_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Franklin B. Adams"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":238,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870844426720378880,"_root_":"03e12f0b210afaf691bd49d9","timestamp":"2026-07-16T04:31:19.751Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/03e12f0b210afaf691bd49d9_aspace_c6ed71223b46191c5bff41c29a702f55"}},{"id":"f28075319707fab1b45565f1_aspace_2e8f6623dc3d28002d066d2e36894f88","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Oversize Magazines","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/f28075319707fab1b45565f1_aspace_2e8f6623dc3d28002d066d2e36894f88#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_2e8f6623dc3d28002d066d2e36894f88","ref_ssm":["aspace_2e8f6623dc3d28002d066d2e36894f88","aspace_2e8f6623dc3d28002d066d2e36894f88"],"id":"f28075319707fab1b45565f1_aspace_2e8f6623dc3d28002d066d2e36894f88","title_filing_ssi":"Oversize Magazines","title_ssm":["Oversize Magazines"],"title_tesim":["Oversize Magazines"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Oversize Magazines"],"text":["Oversize Magazines","Elena Kurstin Cuban Memorabilia Collection, date unknown","Box 5","/repositories/2/archival_objects/77067"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["f28075319707fab1b45565f1","f28075319707fab1b45565f1_aspace_eb362ff38a69bc66712470f3b7c8849d"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Elena Kurstin Cuban Memorabilia Collection, date unknown","Box 5"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Elena Kurstin Cuban Memorabilia Collection, date unknown","Box 5"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Other level"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/2/archival_objects/77067"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Elena Kurstin Cuban Memorabilia Collection, date unknown"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":14,"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"sort_isi":224,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Rights: Copyright undetermined. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections. ","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"_nest_path_":"/components#4/components#0","_nest_parent_":"f28075319707fab1b45565f1_aspace_eb362ff38a69bc66712470f3b7c8849d","_root_":"f28075319707fab1b45565f1","timestamp":"2026-04-29T02:04:03.535Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"f28075319707fab1b45565f1","title_ssm":["Elena Kurstin Cuban Memorabilia Collection"],"title_tesim":["Elena Kurstin Cuban Memorabilia Collection"],"ead_ssi":"f28075319707fab1b45565f1","unitdate_ssm":["date unknown"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["date unknown"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SPC8000","/repositories/2/resources/84"],"text":["SPC8000","/repositories/2/resources/84","Elena Kurstin Cuban Memorabilia Collection, date unknown","Cuba","Cold War","Cuba -- History -- 1933-1959","Cuba -- Pictorial works","Cuba--Politics and government. ","Cuba--Social life and customs--Pictorial works","Cuba--Social conditions--20th century","postcards","Advertising--Tourism","stamp collecting","tourism","Correspondence","The collection is open for research.","The Elena Kurstin Cuban Memorabilia Collection provides a glance at Cuban life and culture in the years prior to 1959. This collection contains assorted pieces of ephemera that depict the lives of average Cuban people. Included are photographs of the countryside and people, postcards, and advertisements. The Cuban tourist industry is well represented, especially the resorts and casinos of 1940s and 1950s Havana. The collection also includes magazine and newspaper articles about Cuba, both pre and post-revolution.","Rights: Copyright undetermined. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections. ","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general","FIU Special Collections","English Spanish; Castilian"],"unitid_tesim":["SPC8000","/repositories/2/resources/84"],"normalized_date_ssm":["date unknown"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Elena Kurstin Cuban Memorabilia Collection, date unknown"],"collection_title_tesim":["Elena Kurstin Cuban Memorabilia Collection, date unknown"],"collection_ssim":["Elena Kurstin Cuban Memorabilia Collection, date unknown"],"repository_ssm":["FIU Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Cuba"],"geogname_ssim":["Cuba"],"places_ssim":["Cuba"],"access_terms_ssm":["Rights: Copyright undetermined. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections. ","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donation"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Cold War","Cuba -- History -- 1933-1959","Cuba -- Pictorial works","Cuba--Politics and government. ","Cuba--Social life and customs--Pictorial works","Cuba--Social conditions--20th century","postcards","Advertising--Tourism","stamp collecting","tourism","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Cold War","Cuba -- History -- 1933-1959","Cuba -- Pictorial works","Cuba--Politics and government. ","Cuba--Social life and customs--Pictorial works","Cuba--Social conditions--20th century","postcards","Advertising--Tourism","stamp collecting","tourism","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["7.73 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["7.73 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Elena Kurstin Cuban Memorabilia Collection provides a glance at Cuban life and culture in the years prior to 1959. This collection contains assorted pieces of ephemera that depict the lives of average Cuban people. Included are photographs of the countryside and people, postcards, and advertisements. The Cuban tourist industry is well represented, especially the resorts and casinos of 1940s and 1950s Havana. The collection also includes magazine and newspaper articles about Cuba, both pre and post-revolution.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Elena Kurstin Cuban Memorabilia Collection provides a glance at Cuban life and culture in the years prior to 1959. This collection contains assorted pieces of ephemera that depict the lives of average Cuban people. Included are photographs of the countryside and people, postcards, and advertisements. The Cuban tourist industry is well represented, especially the resorts and casinos of 1940s and 1950s Havana. The collection also includes magazine and newspaper articles about Cuba, both pre and post-revolution."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRights: Copyright undetermined. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections \u0026amp; University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Rights: Copyright undetermined. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections. ","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"names_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"corpname_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"language_ssim":["English Spanish; Castilian"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":258,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"f28075319707fab1b45565f1","timestamp":"2026-04-29T02:04:03.535Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/f28075319707fab1b45565f1_aspace_2e8f6623dc3d28002d066d2e36894f88"}},{"id":"174932e56254bf25adc06d7f_aspace_52258","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Oversize Material","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/174932e56254bf25adc06d7f_aspace_52258#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_52258","ref_ssm":["aspace_52258","aspace_52258"],"id":"174932e56254bf25adc06d7f_aspace_52258","title_filing_ssi":"Oversize Material","title_ssm":["Oversize Material"],"title_tesim":["Oversize Material"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Oversize Material"],"text":["Oversize Material","Carmen Petsoules / Mary Brickell Collection, 1837- 2006","/repositories/2/archival_objects/8149"],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ids_ssim":["174932e56254bf25adc06d7f"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Carmen Petsoules / Mary Brickell Collection, 1837- 2006"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Carmen Petsoules / Mary Brickell Collection, 1837- 2006"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/2/archival_objects/8149"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Carmen Petsoules / Mary Brickell Collection, 1837- 2006"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":4,"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"sort_isi":144,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research use."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Copyright restrictions may apply. No part of the materials protected by copyright may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, without written permission from the copyright holder. Researchers are required to seek permission from the copyright holder to reproduce and/or publish materials under copyright, in accordance with United States copyright law."],"_nest_path_":"/components#5","_nest_parent_":"174932e56254bf25adc06d7f","_root_":"174932e56254bf25adc06d7f","_version_":1878273334168256512,"timestamp":"2026-10-06T04:30:37.985Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"174932e56254bf25adc06d7f","title_ssm":["Carmen Petsoules / Mary Brickell Collection"],"title_tesim":["Carmen Petsoules / Mary Brickell Collection"],"ead_ssi":"174932e56254bf25adc06d7f","unitdate_ssm":["1837- 2006"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1837- 2006"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SPC6010","/repositories/2/resources/36"],"text":["SPC6010","/repositories/2/resources/36","Carmen Petsoules / Mary Brickell Collection, 1837- 2006","Miccosukee Tribe of Indians of Florida","Miami-Dade County (Fla.)","Miami (Fla.)--Social conditions","Miami (Fla.)--History--20th century","Miami (Fla.)--History--19th century","Miami (Fla.)","Florida East Coast Railway","Railroads--Florida.","Property—Valuation.","City planning","Brickell","Blueprints","Contracts for deeds ","Businesswomen","The collection is open for research use.","The collection is organized into eight series: 1. History of Brickell, 2. Property Records, 3. Brickell Properties, 4. Objects, 5. General Research Materials, 6. Oversize Material.","Mary Brickell (1836-1922) was a businesswoman, landowner, real estate developer, and is recognized as one of the \"founding mothers\" of the city of Miami.","Mary Brickell (nee Bulmer) was born on February 20, 1836 in Little Bolton, Lancashire, England, to Joseph and Catherine Bulmer. She was the second oldest of five daughters, and one of six children. The family moved to Australia in 1839 and later purchased land in Albury in 1855.","Mary Bulmer married William Brickell (b. 1825) in Melbourne in 1862 and set sail for the United States as man and wife the next day. William and Mary arrived in New York in September 1862. The couple and their two children moved to Steubenville, Ohio and would settle in Cleveland in 1865. Mary would give birth to three more children in the next four years; two daughters and a son.","Due to a loss of finances, William wanted to move south and cited Mary's desire to live in a warmer climate. In 1870, he traveled to Florida and became attracted to its natural beauty and warm climate. In December 1871, Mary and the children joined William in the house he had built. The family was one of few white families in the Biscayne Bay area. William and Mary opened a trading post and post office on the south bank of the Miami River. Mary would often work in the trading post while William was away on business trips. The couple notably served Seminole Indians in the area, making fair trades and establishing long relationships.","William and Mary Brickell, along with Julia Tuttle, contributed their land to Henry Flagler and the Florida East Coast Railway. The railroad was a key factor in Miami's subsequent rapid growth. The City of Miami was incorporated on July 28, 1896 soon after the railroad opened; with Mary Brickell signing the founding documents. William Brickell saw his vision of a railroad in Miami accomplished, but died in 1908 not fully knowing the profits the land would bring. Mary Brickell would take up her husband's work and became a shrewd real estate developer and manager. Mary made land available incrementally as the city grew, in keeping with her vision of quality and architecturally-appealing homes.","As a woman in the male-dominated business realm, Mary Brickell was resented by many. She was considered controlling, though some admired her keen mind and business sense. Her work as a businesswoman led to the creation of Brickell Hammock (known as \"The Roads\"), Brickell Park, Brickell Avenue, and other locations. She was also generous with the citizens of Miami as well, giving interest-free loans to minorities and those who could not get loans from banks. Though many never repaid the loans, Mary took no action against them. In her time, she was a respected leader of the Miami community.","On her death on January 13, 1922, Mary Brickell was survived by her six children – Alice, William, Charles, Belle, Maude, and George. The loss was felt throughout the city at the time. Since her descendants did not promote Mary's work, historians credited the founding of Miami to Julia Tuttle and Henry Flagler. It is only recently that her actions and role as a \"founding mother\" of the city of Miami have been publicly recognized.","Carmen Petsoules, a local historian, is known for reviving public interest in the Brickell family and campaigning successfully to have Mary Brickell officially recognized as a co-founder of Miami.","Carmen Petsoules (nee Mirta Vidal) was born in Havana, Cuba, on June 17, 1926. She became a secretary to an attorney after graduating from high school. While visiting Miami on holiday, she met James Emmanuel Petsoules. The two married and she moved to Miami and became a U.S. citizen. In 1968, the couple purchased a home in \"The Roads\" area. A neighbor, Rosemary Peacock, introduced her to the name of Mary Brickell and spoke of the things she did for Miami that no one seemed to remember.","Petsoules began researching Mary Brickell and collecting documents that belonged to the family. She was also responsible for finding the first photograph of Mary Brickell, where beforehand none were thought to exist. Petsoules moved from researching the Brickell family to campaigning for recognition of Mary Brickell's work. Her campaign efforts led to a bas-relief being installed on the Brickell Avenue Bridge depicting William and Mary Brickell and the preservation of land Mary Brickell donated for the purpose of a public park. In 2006, the city of Miami dedicated a plaque commemorating the sale of the land now known as \"The Roads,\" again the result of Petsoules' activism.","The city of Miami has also recognized Petsoules' efforts, with Mayor Stephen B. Clark declaring December 8, 1995 \"Carmen Petsoules Day.\"  In 1998, Carmen Petsoules was awarded the Henriette Harris Award by the Dade Heritage Trust, Miami's largest historic preservation organization. Petsoules hopes that her efforts will be continued by a new generation of historians.","Note written by Miriam Kashem","The collection consists of materials depicting the role of Mary Brickell as one of the \"founding mothers\" of the city of Miami, Florida. Documents detail her work as a landowner and real estate developer. The materials balance the personal and professional lives of Mary Brickell and her descendants. The collection demonstrates the growth and shaping of Miami, from the founding documents establishing the city of Miami to modern day developments in the Brickell area. The collection also documents the work of local Miami historian Carmen Petsoules and her efforts to revive public awareness of Mary Brickell and have her officially recognized as one of the founders of the city of Miami. The collection includes appraisal reports, architectural plans, bills, estate records, leases, maps, newspaper clippings, personal papers, photographs, property records, research materials, scrapbooks, silverware, tax records, warranty deeds, and wills.","Copyright restrictions may apply. No part of the materials protected by copyright may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, without written permission from the copyright holder. Researchers are required to seek permission from the copyright holder to reproduce and/or publish materials under copyright, in accordance with United States copyright law.","FIU Special Collections","Petsoules, Carmen","Flagler, Henry Morrison, 1830-1913","Brickell, William B., d. 1908","Brickell, Mary, d. 1922","Tuttle, Julia, 1849-1898.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SPC6010","/repositories/2/resources/36"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1837- 2006"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Carmen Petsoules / Mary Brickell Collection, 1837- 2006"],"collection_title_tesim":["Carmen Petsoules / Mary Brickell Collection, 1837- 2006"],"collection_ssim":["Carmen Petsoules / Mary Brickell Collection, 1837- 2006"],"repository_ssm":["FIU Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Miccosukee Tribe of Indians of Florida","Miami-Dade County (Fla.)","Miami (Fla.)--Social conditions","Miami (Fla.)--History--20th century","Miami (Fla.)--History--19th century","Miami (Fla.)","Florida East Coast Railway"],"geogname_ssim":["Miccosukee Tribe of Indians of Florida","Miami-Dade County (Fla.)","Miami (Fla.)--Social conditions","Miami (Fla.)--History--20th century","Miami (Fla.)--History--19th century","Miami (Fla.)","Florida East Coast Railway"],"creator_ssm":["Petsoules, Carmen"],"creator_ssim":["Petsoules, Carmen"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Petsoules, Carmen"],"creators_ssim":["Petsoules, Carmen"],"places_ssim":["Miccosukee Tribe of Indians of Florida","Miami-Dade County (Fla.)","Miami (Fla.)--Social conditions","Miami (Fla.)--History--20th century","Miami (Fla.)--History--19th century","Miami (Fla.)","Florida East Coast Railway"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright restrictions may apply. No part of the materials protected by copyright may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, without written permission from the copyright holder. Researchers are required to seek permission from the copyright holder to reproduce and/or publish materials under copyright, in accordance with United States copyright law."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Carmen Petsoules. Many items were re-donated by Seth Bramson","Donated on 12/17/2011"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Railroads--Florida.","Property—Valuation.","City planning","Brickell","Blueprints","Contracts for deeds ","Businesswomen"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Railroads--Florida.","Property—Valuation.","City planning","Brickell","Blueprints","Contracts for deeds ","Businesswomen"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["11 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["11 Linear Feet"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into eight series: 1. History of Brickell, 2. Property Records, 3. Brickell Properties, 4. Objects, 5. General Research Materials, 6. Oversize Material.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into eight series: 1. History of Brickell, 2. Property Records, 3. Brickell Properties, 4. Objects, 5. General Research Materials, 6. Oversize Material."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMary Brickell (1836-1922) was a businesswoman, landowner, real estate developer, and is recognized as one of the \"founding mothers\" of the city of Miami.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMary Brickell (nee Bulmer) was born on February 20, 1836 in Little Bolton, Lancashire, England, to Joseph and Catherine Bulmer. She was the second oldest of five daughters, and one of six children. The family moved to Australia in 1839 and later purchased land in Albury in 1855.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMary Bulmer married William Brickell (b. 1825) in Melbourne in 1862 and set sail for the United States as man and wife the next day. William and Mary arrived in New York in September 1862. The couple and their two children moved to Steubenville, Ohio and would settle in Cleveland in 1865. Mary would give birth to three more children in the next four years; two daughters and a son.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDue to a loss of finances, William wanted to move south and cited Mary's desire to live in a warmer climate. In 1870, he traveled to Florida and became attracted to its natural beauty and warm climate. In December 1871, Mary and the children joined William in the house he had built. The family was one of few white families in the Biscayne Bay area. William and Mary opened a trading post and post office on the south bank of the Miami River. Mary would often work in the trading post while William was away on business trips. The couple notably served Seminole Indians in the area, making fair trades and establishing long relationships.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam and Mary Brickell, along with Julia Tuttle, contributed their land to Henry Flagler and the Florida East Coast Railway. The railroad was a key factor in Miami's subsequent rapid growth. The City of Miami was incorporated on July 28, 1896 soon after the railroad opened; with Mary Brickell signing the founding documents. William Brickell saw his vision of a railroad in Miami accomplished, but died in 1908 not fully knowing the profits the land would bring. Mary Brickell would take up her husband's work and became a shrewd real estate developer and manager. Mary made land available incrementally as the city grew, in keeping with her vision of quality and architecturally-appealing homes.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAs a woman in the male-dominated business realm, Mary Brickell was resented by many. She was considered controlling, though some admired her keen mind and business sense. Her work as a businesswoman led to the creation of Brickell Hammock (known as \"The Roads\"), Brickell Park, Brickell Avenue, and other locations. She was also generous with the citizens of Miami as well, giving interest-free loans to minorities and those who could not get loans from banks. Though many never repaid the loans, Mary took no action against them. In her time, she was a respected leader of the Miami community.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOn her death on January 13, 1922, Mary Brickell was survived by her six children \u0026#x2013; Alice, William, Charles, Belle, Maude, and George. The loss was felt throughout the city at the time. Since her descendants did not promote Mary's work, historians credited the founding of Miami to Julia Tuttle and Henry Flagler. It is only recently that her actions and role as a \"founding mother\" of the city of Miami have been publicly recognized.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCarmen Petsoules, a local historian, is known for reviving public interest in the Brickell family and campaigning successfully to have Mary Brickell officially recognized as a co-founder of Miami.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCarmen Petsoules (nee Mirta Vidal) was born in Havana, Cuba, on June 17, 1926. She became a secretary to an attorney after graduating from high school. While visiting Miami on holiday, she met James Emmanuel Petsoules. The two married and she moved to Miami and became a U.S. citizen. In 1968, the couple purchased a home in \"The Roads\" area. A neighbor, Rosemary Peacock, introduced her to the name of Mary Brickell and spoke of the things she did for Miami that no one seemed to remember.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePetsoules began researching Mary Brickell and collecting documents that belonged to the family. She was also responsible for finding the first photograph of Mary Brickell, where beforehand none were thought to exist. Petsoules moved from researching the Brickell family to campaigning for recognition of Mary Brickell's work. Her campaign efforts led to a bas-relief being installed on the Brickell Avenue Bridge depicting William and Mary Brickell and the preservation of land Mary Brickell donated for the purpose of a public park. In 2006, the city of Miami dedicated a plaque commemorating the sale of the land now known as \"The Roads,\" again the result of Petsoules' activism.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe city of Miami has also recognized Petsoules' efforts, with Mayor Stephen B. Clark declaring December 8, 1995 \"Carmen Petsoules Day.\"\u0026#xA0; In 1998, Carmen Petsoules was awarded the Henriette Harris Award by the Dade Heritage Trust, Miami's largest historic preservation organization. Petsoules hopes that her efforts will be continued by a new generation of historians.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Miriam Kashem\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mary Brickell (1836-1922) was a businesswoman, landowner, real estate developer, and is recognized as one of the \"founding mothers\" of the city of Miami.","Mary Brickell (nee Bulmer) was born on February 20, 1836 in Little Bolton, Lancashire, England, to Joseph and Catherine Bulmer. She was the second oldest of five daughters, and one of six children. The family moved to Australia in 1839 and later purchased land in Albury in 1855.","Mary Bulmer married William Brickell (b. 1825) in Melbourne in 1862 and set sail for the United States as man and wife the next day. William and Mary arrived in New York in September 1862. The couple and their two children moved to Steubenville, Ohio and would settle in Cleveland in 1865. Mary would give birth to three more children in the next four years; two daughters and a son.","Due to a loss of finances, William wanted to move south and cited Mary's desire to live in a warmer climate. In 1870, he traveled to Florida and became attracted to its natural beauty and warm climate. In December 1871, Mary and the children joined William in the house he had built. The family was one of few white families in the Biscayne Bay area. William and Mary opened a trading post and post office on the south bank of the Miami River. Mary would often work in the trading post while William was away on business trips. The couple notably served Seminole Indians in the area, making fair trades and establishing long relationships.","William and Mary Brickell, along with Julia Tuttle, contributed their land to Henry Flagler and the Florida East Coast Railway. The railroad was a key factor in Miami's subsequent rapid growth. The City of Miami was incorporated on July 28, 1896 soon after the railroad opened; with Mary Brickell signing the founding documents. William Brickell saw his vision of a railroad in Miami accomplished, but died in 1908 not fully knowing the profits the land would bring. Mary Brickell would take up her husband's work and became a shrewd real estate developer and manager. Mary made land available incrementally as the city grew, in keeping with her vision of quality and architecturally-appealing homes.","As a woman in the male-dominated business realm, Mary Brickell was resented by many. She was considered controlling, though some admired her keen mind and business sense. Her work as a businesswoman led to the creation of Brickell Hammock (known as \"The Roads\"), Brickell Park, Brickell Avenue, and other locations. She was also generous with the citizens of Miami as well, giving interest-free loans to minorities and those who could not get loans from banks. Though many never repaid the loans, Mary took no action against them. In her time, she was a respected leader of the Miami community.","On her death on January 13, 1922, Mary Brickell was survived by her six children – Alice, William, Charles, Belle, Maude, and George. The loss was felt throughout the city at the time. Since her descendants did not promote Mary's work, historians credited the founding of Miami to Julia Tuttle and Henry Flagler. It is only recently that her actions and role as a \"founding mother\" of the city of Miami have been publicly recognized.","Carmen Petsoules, a local historian, is known for reviving public interest in the Brickell family and campaigning successfully to have Mary Brickell officially recognized as a co-founder of Miami.","Carmen Petsoules (nee Mirta Vidal) was born in Havana, Cuba, on June 17, 1926. She became a secretary to an attorney after graduating from high school. While visiting Miami on holiday, she met James Emmanuel Petsoules. The two married and she moved to Miami and became a U.S. citizen. In 1968, the couple purchased a home in \"The Roads\" area. A neighbor, Rosemary Peacock, introduced her to the name of Mary Brickell and spoke of the things she did for Miami that no one seemed to remember.","Petsoules began researching Mary Brickell and collecting documents that belonged to the family. She was also responsible for finding the first photograph of Mary Brickell, where beforehand none were thought to exist. Petsoules moved from researching the Brickell family to campaigning for recognition of Mary Brickell's work. Her campaign efforts led to a bas-relief being installed on the Brickell Avenue Bridge depicting William and Mary Brickell and the preservation of land Mary Brickell donated for the purpose of a public park. In 2006, the city of Miami dedicated a plaque commemorating the sale of the land now known as \"The Roads,\" again the result of Petsoules' activism.","The city of Miami has also recognized Petsoules' efforts, with Mayor Stephen B. Clark declaring December 8, 1995 \"Carmen Petsoules Day.\"  In 1998, Carmen Petsoules was awarded the Henriette Harris Award by the Dade Heritage Trust, Miami's largest historic preservation organization. Petsoules hopes that her efforts will be continued by a new generation of historians.","Note written by Miriam Kashem"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of materials depicting the role of Mary Brickell as one of the \"founding mothers\" of the city of Miami, Florida. Documents detail her work as a landowner and real estate developer. The materials balance the personal and professional lives of Mary Brickell and her descendants. The collection demonstrates the growth and shaping of Miami, from the founding documents establishing the city of Miami to modern day developments in the Brickell area. The collection also documents the work of local Miami historian Carmen Petsoules and her efforts to revive public awareness of Mary Brickell and have her officially recognized as one of the founders of the city of Miami. The collection includes appraisal reports, architectural plans, bills, estate records, leases, maps, newspaper clippings, personal papers, photographs, property records, research materials, scrapbooks, silverware, tax records, warranty deeds, and wills.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of materials depicting the role of Mary Brickell as one of the \"founding mothers\" of the city of Miami, Florida. Documents detail her work as a landowner and real estate developer. The materials balance the personal and professional lives of Mary Brickell and her descendants. The collection demonstrates the growth and shaping of Miami, from the founding documents establishing the city of Miami to modern day developments in the Brickell area. The collection also documents the work of local Miami historian Carmen Petsoules and her efforts to revive public awareness of Mary Brickell and have her officially recognized as one of the founders of the city of Miami. The collection includes appraisal reports, architectural plans, bills, estate records, leases, maps, newspaper clippings, personal papers, photographs, property records, research materials, scrapbooks, silverware, tax records, warranty deeds, and wills."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright restrictions may apply. No part of the materials protected by copyright may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, without written permission from the copyright holder. Researchers are required to seek permission from the copyright holder to reproduce and/or publish materials under copyright, in accordance with United States copyright law.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright restrictions may apply. No part of the materials protected by copyright may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, without written permission from the copyright holder. Researchers are required to seek permission from the copyright holder to reproduce and/or publish materials under copyright, in accordance with United States copyright law."],"names_ssim":["FIU Special Collections","Petsoules, Carmen","Flagler, Henry Morrison, 1830-1913","Brickell, William B., d. 1908","Brickell, Mary, d. 1922","Tuttle, Julia, 1849-1898."],"corpname_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"names_coll_ssim":["Flagler, Henry Morrison, 1830-1913","Brickell, William B., d. 1908","Brickell, Mary, d. 1922","Tuttle, Julia, 1849-1898."],"persname_ssim":["Petsoules, Carmen","Flagler, Henry Morrison, 1830-1913","Brickell, William B., d. 1908","Brickell, Mary, d. 1922","Tuttle, Julia, 1849-1898."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":183,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1878273334168256512,"_root_":"174932e56254bf25adc06d7f","timestamp":"2026-10-06T04:30:37.985Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/174932e56254bf25adc06d7f_aspace_52258"}},{"id":"e91274dbba4bcf44348888be_aspace_c398aaf4d21a687779851b7a97f8567a","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Oversize Material","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/e91274dbba4bcf44348888be_aspace_c398aaf4d21a687779851b7a97f8567a#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_c398aaf4d21a687779851b7a97f8567a","ref_ssm":["aspace_c398aaf4d21a687779851b7a97f8567a","aspace_c398aaf4d21a687779851b7a97f8567a"],"id":"e91274dbba4bcf44348888be_aspace_c398aaf4d21a687779851b7a97f8567a","title_filing_ssi":"Oversize Material","title_ssm":["Oversize Material"],"title_tesim":["Oversize Material"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Oversize Material"],"text":["Oversize Material","Bea Brickell Collection, 1910-2001","/repositories/2/archival_objects/90376"],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ids_ssim":["e91274dbba4bcf44348888be"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Bea Brickell Collection, 1910-2001"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Bea Brickell Collection, 1910-2001"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/2/archival_objects/90376"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Bea Brickell Collection, 1910-2001"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":1,"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"sort_isi":37,"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Copyright restrictions may apply. No part of the materials protected by copyright may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, without written permission from the copyright holder. Researchers are required to seek permission from the copyright holder to reproduce and/or publish materials under copyright, in accordance with United States"],"_nest_path_":"/components#3","_nest_parent_":"e91274dbba4bcf44348888be","_root_":"e91274dbba4bcf44348888be","_version_":1874105880951128064,"timestamp":"2026-08-21T04:30:44.888Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"e91274dbba4bcf44348888be","title_ssm":["Bea Brickell Collection"],"title_tesim":["Bea Brickell Collection"],"ead_ssi":"e91274dbba4bcf44348888be","unitdate_ssm":["1910-2001"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1910-2001"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SPC 9045","/repositories/2/resources/139"],"text":["SPC 9045","/repositories/2/resources/139","Bea Brickell Collection, 1910-2001","Miami (Fla.)","Brickell","Miami (Fla.)--History--20th century.","Legal documents","Newspaper Clippings","Photographs","This collection is organzied into 4 series: 1. Family Members, 2. Legal Documents 3. Properites, 4. Oversize Material.","Beatrice Brickell is a lawyer who practices international law in Washington D.C. She has a JD (Juris Doctor) from the American University Washingon College of Law and a LLM (Master of Laws)from Georgetown University. She is considered the steward to the Brickell story especially Mary Brickell.\nBea Brickell is the great granddaughter of Mary Brickell (1836-1922) and William Brickell (1825-1908). She also has a brother named James B. Brickell. Her father is James Bain Brickell(1941) Her grandparents are James William Bain  Brickell (1915-1981) and Allegra Knapp (1913-1989).","The Bea Brickell Collection highlights the Brickell family as well as releatives from her maternal grandparents side of the family like the Bain's and Kellum's. The legal documents in this collection features the selling of land to several entities including the City of Miami. This collection also incldues newspaper clippings about properties owned by Brickell like Brickell Park and Brickell Point. Lastly, this collection contains real weights and scales owned by Mary Brickell herself.","Copyright restrictions may apply. No part of the materials protected by copyright may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, without written permission from the copyright holder. Researchers are required to seek permission from the copyright holder to reproduce and/or publish materials under copyright, in accordance with United States","FIU Special Collections","Bea Brickell","Brickell, Mary, d. 1922","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SPC 9045","/repositories/2/resources/139"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1910-2001"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Bea Brickell Collection, 1910-2001"],"collection_title_tesim":["Bea Brickell Collection, 1910-2001"],"collection_ssim":["Bea Brickell Collection, 1910-2001"],"repository_ssm":["FIU Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Miami (Fla.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Miami (Fla.)"],"creator_ssm":["Bea Brickell"],"creator_ssim":["Bea Brickell"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Bea Brickell"],"creators_ssim":["Bea Brickell"],"places_ssim":["Miami (Fla.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright restrictions may apply. No part of the materials protected by copyright may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, without written permission from the copyright holder. Researchers are required to seek permission from the copyright holder to reproduce and/or publish materials under copyright, in accordance with United States"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items were donated by Bea Brickell, the great granddaughter of Mary and William Brickell."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Brickell","Miami (Fla.)--History--20th century.","Legal documents","Newspaper Clippings","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Brickell","Miami (Fla.)--History--20th century.","Legal documents","Newspaper Clippings","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.5 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["1.5 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Newspaper Clippings","Photographs"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is organzied into 4 series: 1. Family Members, 2. Legal Documents 3. Properites, 4. Oversize Material.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is organzied into 4 series: 1. Family Members, 2. Legal Documents 3. Properites, 4. Oversize Material."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBeatrice Brickell is a lawyer who practices international law in Washington D.C. She has a JD (Juris Doctor) from the American University Washingon College of Law and a LLM (Master of Laws)from Georgetown University. She is considered the steward to the Brickell story especially Mary Brickell.\nBea Brickell is the great granddaughter of Mary Brickell (1836-1922) and William Brickell (1825-1908). She also has a brother named James B. Brickell. Her father is James Bain Brickell(1941) Her grandparents are James William Bain  Brickell (1915-1981) and Allegra Knapp (1913-1989).\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Beatrice Brickell is a lawyer who practices international law in Washington D.C. She has a JD (Juris Doctor) from the American University Washingon College of Law and a LLM (Master of Laws)from Georgetown University. She is considered the steward to the Brickell story especially Mary Brickell.\nBea Brickell is the great granddaughter of Mary Brickell (1836-1922) and William Brickell (1825-1908). She also has a brother named James B. Brickell. Her father is James Bain Brickell(1941) Her grandparents are James William Bain  Brickell (1915-1981) and Allegra Knapp (1913-1989)."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Bea Brickell Collection highlights the Brickell family as well as releatives from her maternal grandparents side of the family like the Bain's and Kellum's. The legal documents in this collection features the selling of land to several entities including the City of Miami. This collection also incldues newspaper clippings about properties owned by Brickell like Brickell Park and Brickell Point. Lastly, this collection contains real weights and scales owned by Mary Brickell herself.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Bea Brickell Collection highlights the Brickell family as well as releatives from her maternal grandparents side of the family like the Bain's and Kellum's. The legal documents in this collection features the selling of land to several entities including the City of Miami. This collection also incldues newspaper clippings about properties owned by Brickell like Brickell Park and Brickell Point. Lastly, this collection contains real weights and scales owned by Mary Brickell herself."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright restrictions may apply. No part of the materials protected by copyright may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, without written permission from the copyright holder. Researchers are required to seek permission from the copyright holder to reproduce and/or publish materials under copyright, in accordance with United States\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright restrictions may apply. No part of the materials protected by copyright may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, without written permission from the copyright holder. Researchers are required to seek permission from the copyright holder to reproduce and/or publish materials under copyright, in accordance with United States"],"names_ssim":["FIU Special Collections","Bea Brickell","Brickell, Mary, d. 1922"],"corpname_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"names_coll_ssim":["Brickell, Mary, d. 1922"],"persname_ssim":["Bea Brickell","Brickell, Mary, d. 1922"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":42,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1874105880951128064,"_root_":"e91274dbba4bcf44348888be","timestamp":"2026-08-21T04:30:44.888Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/e91274dbba4bcf44348888be_aspace_c398aaf4d21a687779851b7a97f8567a"}},{"id":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_c6a33029487564f11406131c29faf85c","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Oversize Materials, 1951-2008, Undated","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_c6a33029487564f11406131c29faf85c#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_c6a33029487564f11406131c29faf85c","ref_ssm":["aspace_c6a33029487564f11406131c29faf85c","aspace_c6a33029487564f11406131c29faf85c"],"id":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_c6a33029487564f11406131c29faf85c","title_filing_ssi":"Oversize Materials","title_ssm":["Oversize Materials"],"title_tesim":["Oversize Materials"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1951-2008, Undated"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1951-2008, Undated"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Oversize Materials, 1951-2008, Undated"],"text":["Oversize Materials, 1951-2008, Undated","José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013","7","/repositories/4/archival_objects/54209"],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ids_ssim":["725898a1a41349eb30ec365d"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"unitid_ssm":["7","/repositories/4/archival_objects/54209"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":15,"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"sort_isi":267,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The entire collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder."],"date_range_isim":[1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008],"_nest_path_":"/components#6","_nest_parent_":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","_root_":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","_version_":1870857755411087360,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:03:10.972Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","title_ssm":["José Guerra Alemán Collection"],"title_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection"],"ead_ssi":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","unitdate_ssm":["1887-2013"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1887-2013"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC.098","/repositories/4/resources/204"],"text":["SC.098","/repositories/4/resources/204","José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013","Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs","Cuba -- History -- Description and Travel","Cuba -- History -- Pictorial works","correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","The entire collection is open for research.","José Guerra Alemán was born to José Guerra and Herminia Alemán-Valdes on November 20, 1922 in Cuba. He referred to alternative names such as José Guerra Alemán, his initials J.G.A. and his nickname Pepín. Many of his closest friends and family called him as Pepín. His family contained of six members that included his three siblings, Maria Vicenta Guerra, Rafael Luis Guerra, and an eldest brother who his name is unknown. His brother, Rafael L. Guerra was born on November 20, 1926 in Habana, Cuba and died on October 2, 1998 in Miami, Florida. His sister, Maria, was born on June 19, 1924 in Habana, Cuba. A year after her brother's death, she died on February 27, 1999 in Miami, Florida. In her later years, she was a homemaker and she never married.","In his early years, he enrolled in the United States military at the age of 20 in 1942. He participated in the 8th Army (Octavo Ejército) of EE.UU. (United States). He covered the campaign of the Pacific as the 35th Division of Infantry (35 División de Infantería) called División Relámpago (Lightning Division). He finished training in the military at Fort Dix, Burlington County, New Jersey in the Delaware River region on October of 1946.","Once he finished his service, he returned to Cuba and founded a company called CINEPERIODICO in 1947. His motivation of starting this company began from his interest in journalism. At the age of 16, he delved into both journalism and short films/news films. He was one of the editors of Él País, La Habana. These experiences guided him to globally make notorious documentaries and cinematography of actual events and issues. He traveled around the globe. For instance, he registered for a temporary immigration card to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1959 as a journalist. As a result for his traveling, he encountered prominent leaders of various movements.","One of those encounters, José Guerra Alemán climbed the Mountains of Sierra Maestra, in the province of East of the Island of Cuba to interview Fidel Castro and Che Guevara. Under the agency of his company, CINEPERIODICO, he personally knew these men and those who were a part of the guerillas during the Cuban Revolution. In 1950, he worked with José García and Eduardo Hernández (Guayo) in the same company. José Guerra Alemán directed films such as Sangre Y Esperanza: La Cuba de Hoy (Blood and Hope: the Cuba of Today and El Gran Recuento (The Great Story). He also took the position as the Senior Vice President of Guastella Film Producers Inc., an advertising firm in Puerto Rico, where he did similar works until he retired in 1990. This included the creation of historical documentary films.","With his interest in Cuba's history and living at a time of historical changes in Cuba, he wrote extensive materials along those themes. He wrote Aún Hay Luna En Los Cerros, Ensayos (Las Mayorías Discriminadas): En Defensa de la Mujer, Barro y Cenizas (Díalogos con Fidel Castro y el Che Guevara), and Juro Pero No Prometo (Biografía de su Abuelo el General José Braulio Alemán). His major work composes four volumes of encyclopedias called Cuba Infinita. Each book contains specific chronological decades and starts from 1855, when the first photographs of the city were available by American artist Fredericks De Forest, to 1958, when the Republic collapsed. The volumes includes more than a thousand selected photos of the history of Cuba, from colonial times to the Spanish American War. The reader walks through time and gets to see the transformation of Cuba. He included photographs received by family, friends, colleagues and what he collected from his travels. He also was inspired and guided from the work called La Enciclopedia de Cuba.","Understanding where his family came from and knowing the other members of his family tree can provide a part of José Guerra Alemán's identity. Jose Guerra Alemán's maternal bloodline had a huge role in the movement toward Cuba's independence against colonialism and imperialism. His grandfather named José Braulio Guerra Alemán fought in the Spanish-American War as a Cuban Brigadier General and was the principal author to the Constitution of Cuba proclaimed at Yara in 1896. He worked as a lawyer, newspaper owner, advocate of the liberation of Cuba, senator and governor for the province of Las Villas, minister of Education and ambassador to Mexico. His half uncle, José Manuel Alemán, served in the Cuban government as Minister of Education during the presidency of Dr. Ramón Grau San Martin, president of the Authentic Party (Partido Auténtico) in La Habana, and Senator of the Republic. His family went through three generations of leaders and fighters for Cuban independence through revolutions or preserving its history and culture.","He rested on February 22, 2013 in Miami, Florida. He survived his wife named Lidia Llano who he married on September 22, 1945 and left a son named Carlos Guerra Llano. He left a mark of what he had done, significant work in Cuba's history. However, he has not been given as much attention as he deserves in any setting, especially in academia. It is the many aspects of unknown history and researching the people from below like Alemán. He was a Cuban, veteran, journalist, nontraditional historian, and founder of a journalist business.","Materials are housed in acid free folders and boxes; photographs and negatives were placed in clear sleeves; publications removed from the collection and cataloged separately.","Books collected by José Guerra Alemán can be found by performing a series search for \"José Guerra Alemán Collection\" in the UCF Libraries catalog.","This collection was arranged in seven series:","\nSeries I. Manuscripts, 1915-2013, Undated, includes notes that Alemán took on varieties of subjects. His interests ranged from the origin of words and meaning of phrases to his summaries and interpretations of authors' works.","\nSeries II: Research Files, 1898-2012, Undated, holds a combination of newspapers, images, and works of others where Alemán used for the publication of Cuba Infinita and his work on Cuban and Latin American history, involving their relations to other countries.","\nSeries III: Publications, 1987-2008, Undated, contains his writings that has drafts of his published work, his articles from newspapers, and promotional materials advertising his works.","\nSeries IV: Personal Files, 1887-2011, Undated, provides letters between Aleman and his family members and between Aleman and business workers. They share insight of Aleman's genealogy and Aleman's work ethic. Series also includes various maps and postcards. ","\nSeries V: Visual Materials, Circa 1900-Circa 2000, Undated, includes photographs and negatives of José G. Alemán and his relatives; overseas trips as a Journalist; and images of Cuba, cubans, and public buildings. Series also includes a CD of \"Fidel Castro: La Historia Lo Absolvera\" and another CD contains a song from Marisela Verena \"Mi Pinar del Rio\".","\nSeries VI: Memorabilia, 1926-1977, Undated, comprises hats from different places that Aleman travelled, identification cards, and a lottery ticket from Republic of Cuba, 1949.","\nSeries VII: Oversize Materials, 1958-2008, Undated, includes large maps of various countries, posters, a proof sheet for Cuba Infinita, and a game card \"La Charada Cubana.\"","Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder.","The collection is filled with Cuban history and researched materials on society's past was created by Cuban and American journalist José Guerra Alemán. The materials range from photographs of his travels to cultural sites and countries to personal notes on literature of other scholars' works and his published books. He is most notable of his published four-volume encyclopedia on Cuban history called Cuba Infinita.","UCF Special Collections","Guerra Alemán, José","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC.098","/repositories/4/resources/204"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1887-2013"],"normalized_title_ssm":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"collection_title_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"collection_ssim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs"],"geogname_ssim":["Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs"],"creator_ssm":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"creator_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"creators_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"places_ssim":["Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated by Carlos Guerra, José Guerra Alemán's son, to the University of Central Florida Libraries in 2014. (CFM2014_07)"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Cuba -- History -- Description and Travel","Cuba -- History -- Pictorial works","correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Cuba -- History -- Description and Travel","Cuba -- History -- Pictorial works","correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["17.5 Linear Feet 20 boxes, 1 Flat File"],"extent_tesim":["17.5 Linear Feet 20 boxes, 1 Flat File"],"genreform_ssim":["correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints"],"date_range_isim":[1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n was born to Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra and Herminia Alem\u0026#xE1;n-Valdes on November 20, 1922 in Cuba. He referred to alternative names such as Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n, his initials J.G.A. and his nickname Pep\u0026#xED;n. Many of his closest friends and family called him as Pep\u0026#xED;n. His family contained of six members that included his three siblings, Maria Vicenta Guerra, Rafael Luis Guerra, and an eldest brother who his name is unknown. His brother, Rafael L. Guerra was born on November 20, 1926 in Habana, Cuba and died on October 2, 1998 in Miami, Florida. His sister, Maria, was born on June 19, 1924 in Habana, Cuba. A year after her brother's death, she died on February 27, 1999 in Miami, Florida. In her later years, she was a homemaker and she never married.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn his early years, he enrolled in the United States military at the age of 20 in 1942. He participated in the 8th Army (Octavo Ej\u0026#xE9;rcito) of EE.UU. (United States). He covered the campaign of the Pacific as the 35th Division of Infantry (35 Divisi\u0026#xF3;n de Infanter\u0026#xED;a) called Divisi\u0026#xF3;n Rel\u0026#xE1;mpago (Lightning Division). He finished training in the military at Fort Dix, Burlington County, New Jersey in the Delaware River region on October of 1946.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOnce he finished his service, he returned to Cuba and founded a company called CINEPERIODICO in 1947. His motivation of starting this company began from his interest in journalism. At the age of 16, he delved into both journalism and short films/news films. He was one of the editors of \u0026#xC9;l Pa\u0026#xED;s, La Habana. These experiences guided him to globally make notorious documentaries and cinematography of actual events and issues. He traveled around the globe. For instance, he registered for a temporary immigration card to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1959 as a journalist. As a result for his traveling, he encountered prominent leaders of various movements.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOne of those encounters, Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n climbed the Mountains of Sierra Maestra, in the province of East of the Island of Cuba to interview Fidel Castro and Che Guevara. Under the agency of his company, CINEPERIODICO, he personally knew these men and those who were a part of the guerillas during the Cuban Revolution. In 1950, he worked with Jos\u0026#xE9; Garc\u0026#xED;a and Eduardo Hern\u0026#xE1;ndez (Guayo) in the same company. Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n directed films such as Sangre Y Esperanza: La Cuba de Hoy (Blood and Hope: the Cuba of Today and El Gran Recuento (The Great Story). He also took the position as the Senior Vice President of Guastella Film Producers Inc., an advertising firm in Puerto Rico, where he did similar works until he retired in 1990. This included the creation of historical documentary films.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWith his interest in Cuba's history and living at a time of historical changes in Cuba, he wrote extensive materials along those themes. He wrote A\u0026#xFA;n Hay Luna En Los Cerros, Ensayos (Las Mayor\u0026#xED;as Discriminadas): En Defensa de la Mujer, Barro y Cenizas (D\u0026#xED;alogos con Fidel Castro y el Che Guevara), and Juro Pero No Prometo (Biograf\u0026#xED;a de su Abuelo el General Jos\u0026#xE9; Braulio Alem\u0026#xE1;n). His major work composes four volumes of encyclopedias called Cuba Infinita. Each book contains specific chronological decades and starts from 1855, when the first photographs of the city were available by American artist Fredericks De Forest, to 1958, when the Republic collapsed. The volumes includes more than a thousand selected photos of the history of Cuba, from colonial times to the Spanish American War. The reader walks through time and gets to see the transformation of Cuba. He included photographs received by family, friends, colleagues and what he collected from his travels. He also was inspired and guided from the work called La Enciclopedia de Cuba.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUnderstanding where his family came from and knowing the other members of his family tree can provide a part of Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n's identity. Jose Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n's maternal bloodline had a huge role in the movement toward Cuba's independence against colonialism and imperialism. His grandfather named Jos\u0026#xE9; Braulio Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n fought in the Spanish-American War as a Cuban Brigadier General and was the principal author to the Constitution of Cuba proclaimed at Yara in 1896. He worked as a lawyer, newspaper owner, advocate of the liberation of Cuba, senator and governor for the province of Las Villas, minister of Education and ambassador to Mexico. His half uncle, Jos\u0026#xE9; Manuel Alem\u0026#xE1;n, served in the Cuban government as Minister of Education during the presidency of Dr. Ram\u0026#xF3;n Grau San Martin, president of the Authentic Party (Partido Aut\u0026#xE9;ntico) in La Habana, and Senator of the Republic. His family went through three generations of leaders and fighters for Cuban independence through revolutions or preserving its history and culture.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe rested on February 22, 2013 in Miami, Florida. He survived his wife named Lidia Llano who he married on September 22, 1945 and left a son named Carlos Guerra Llano. He left a mark of what he had done, significant work in Cuba's history. However, he has not been given as much attention as he deserves in any setting, especially in academia. It is the many aspects of unknown history and researching the people from below like Alem\u0026#xE1;n. He was a Cuban, veteran, journalist, nontraditional historian, and founder of a journalist business.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán was born to José Guerra and Herminia Alemán-Valdes on November 20, 1922 in Cuba. He referred to alternative names such as José Guerra Alemán, his initials J.G.A. and his nickname Pepín. Many of his closest friends and family called him as Pepín. His family contained of six members that included his three siblings, Maria Vicenta Guerra, Rafael Luis Guerra, and an eldest brother who his name is unknown. His brother, Rafael L. Guerra was born on November 20, 1926 in Habana, Cuba and died on October 2, 1998 in Miami, Florida. His sister, Maria, was born on June 19, 1924 in Habana, Cuba. A year after her brother's death, she died on February 27, 1999 in Miami, Florida. In her later years, she was a homemaker and she never married.","In his early years, he enrolled in the United States military at the age of 20 in 1942. He participated in the 8th Army (Octavo Ejército) of EE.UU. (United States). He covered the campaign of the Pacific as the 35th Division of Infantry (35 División de Infantería) called División Relámpago (Lightning Division). He finished training in the military at Fort Dix, Burlington County, New Jersey in the Delaware River region on October of 1946.","Once he finished his service, he returned to Cuba and founded a company called CINEPERIODICO in 1947. His motivation of starting this company began from his interest in journalism. At the age of 16, he delved into both journalism and short films/news films. He was one of the editors of Él País, La Habana. These experiences guided him to globally make notorious documentaries and cinematography of actual events and issues. He traveled around the globe. For instance, he registered for a temporary immigration card to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1959 as a journalist. As a result for his traveling, he encountered prominent leaders of various movements.","One of those encounters, José Guerra Alemán climbed the Mountains of Sierra Maestra, in the province of East of the Island of Cuba to interview Fidel Castro and Che Guevara. Under the agency of his company, CINEPERIODICO, he personally knew these men and those who were a part of the guerillas during the Cuban Revolution. In 1950, he worked with José García and Eduardo Hernández (Guayo) in the same company. José Guerra Alemán directed films such as Sangre Y Esperanza: La Cuba de Hoy (Blood and Hope: the Cuba of Today and El Gran Recuento (The Great Story). He also took the position as the Senior Vice President of Guastella Film Producers Inc., an advertising firm in Puerto Rico, where he did similar works until he retired in 1990. This included the creation of historical documentary films.","With his interest in Cuba's history and living at a time of historical changes in Cuba, he wrote extensive materials along those themes. He wrote Aún Hay Luna En Los Cerros, Ensayos (Las Mayorías Discriminadas): En Defensa de la Mujer, Barro y Cenizas (Díalogos con Fidel Castro y el Che Guevara), and Juro Pero No Prometo (Biografía de su Abuelo el General José Braulio Alemán). His major work composes four volumes of encyclopedias called Cuba Infinita. Each book contains specific chronological decades and starts from 1855, when the first photographs of the city were available by American artist Fredericks De Forest, to 1958, when the Republic collapsed. The volumes includes more than a thousand selected photos of the history of Cuba, from colonial times to the Spanish American War. The reader walks through time and gets to see the transformation of Cuba. He included photographs received by family, friends, colleagues and what he collected from his travels. He also was inspired and guided from the work called La Enciclopedia de Cuba.","Understanding where his family came from and knowing the other members of his family tree can provide a part of José Guerra Alemán's identity. Jose Guerra Alemán's maternal bloodline had a huge role in the movement toward Cuba's independence against colonialism and imperialism. His grandfather named José Braulio Guerra Alemán fought in the Spanish-American War as a Cuban Brigadier General and was the principal author to the Constitution of Cuba proclaimed at Yara in 1896. He worked as a lawyer, newspaper owner, advocate of the liberation of Cuba, senator and governor for the province of Las Villas, minister of Education and ambassador to Mexico. His half uncle, José Manuel Alemán, served in the Cuban government as Minister of Education during the presidency of Dr. Ramón Grau San Martin, president of the Authentic Party (Partido Auténtico) in La Habana, and Senator of the Republic. His family went through three generations of leaders and fighters for Cuban independence through revolutions or preserving its history and culture.","He rested on February 22, 2013 in Miami, Florida. He survived his wife named Lidia Llano who he married on September 22, 1945 and left a son named Carlos Guerra Llano. He left a mark of what he had done, significant work in Cuba's history. However, he has not been given as much attention as he deserves in any setting, especially in academia. It is the many aspects of unknown history and researching the people from below like Alemán. He was a Cuban, veteran, journalist, nontraditional historian, and founder of a journalist business."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n Collection, Special Collections and UniversityArchives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, Special Collections and UniversityArchives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials are housed in acid free folders and boxes; photographs and negatives were placed in clear sleeves; publications removed from the collection and cataloged separately.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Materials are housed in acid free folders and boxes; photographs and negatives were placed in clear sleeves; publications removed from the collection and cataloged separately."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBooks collected by Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n can be found by performing a series search for \"Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n Collection\" in the UCF Libraries catalog.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Books collected by José Guerra Alemán can be found by performing a series search for \"José Guerra Alemán Collection\" in the UCF Libraries catalog."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection was arranged in seven series:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries I. Manuscripts, 1915-2013, Undated, includes notes that Alem\u0026#xE1;n took on varieties of subjects. His interests ranged from the origin of words and meaning of phrases to his summaries and interpretations of authors' works.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries II: Research Files, 1898-2012, Undated, holds a combination of newspapers, images, and works of others where Alem\u0026#xE1;n used for the publication of Cuba Infinita and his work on Cuban and Latin American history, involving their relations to other countries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries III: Publications, 1987-2008, Undated, contains his writings that has drafts of his published work, his articles from newspapers, and promotional materials advertising his works.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries IV: Personal Files, 1887-2011, Undated, provides letters between Aleman and his family members and between Aleman and business workers. They share insight of Aleman's genealogy and Aleman's work ethic. Series also includes various maps and postcards. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries V: Visual Materials, Circa 1900-Circa 2000, Undated, includes photographs and negatives of Jos\u0026#xE9; G. Alem\u0026#xE1;n and his relatives; overseas trips as a Journalist; and images of Cuba, cubans, and public buildings. Series also includes a CD of \"Fidel Castro: La Historia Lo Absolvera\" and another CD contains a song from Marisela Verena \"Mi Pinar del Rio\".\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VI: Memorabilia, 1926-1977, Undated, comprises hats from different places that Aleman travelled, identification cards, and a lottery ticket from Republic of Cuba, 1949.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VII: Oversize Materials, 1958-2008, Undated, includes large maps of various countries, posters, a proof sheet for Cuba Infinita, and a game card \"La Charada Cubana.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection was arranged in seven series:","\nSeries I. Manuscripts, 1915-2013, Undated, includes notes that Alemán took on varieties of subjects. His interests ranged from the origin of words and meaning of phrases to his summaries and interpretations of authors' works.","\nSeries II: Research Files, 1898-2012, Undated, holds a combination of newspapers, images, and works of others where Alemán used for the publication of Cuba Infinita and his work on Cuban and Latin American history, involving their relations to other countries.","\nSeries III: Publications, 1987-2008, Undated, contains his writings that has drafts of his published work, his articles from newspapers, and promotional materials advertising his works.","\nSeries IV: Personal Files, 1887-2011, Undated, provides letters between Aleman and his family members and between Aleman and business workers. They share insight of Aleman's genealogy and Aleman's work ethic. Series also includes various maps and postcards. ","\nSeries V: Visual Materials, Circa 1900-Circa 2000, Undated, includes photographs and negatives of José G. Alemán and his relatives; overseas trips as a Journalist; and images of Cuba, cubans, and public buildings. Series also includes a CD of \"Fidel Castro: La Historia Lo Absolvera\" and another CD contains a song from Marisela Verena \"Mi Pinar del Rio\".","\nSeries VI: Memorabilia, 1926-1977, Undated, comprises hats from different places that Aleman travelled, identification cards, and a lottery ticket from Republic of Cuba, 1949.","\nSeries VII: Oversize Materials, 1958-2008, Undated, includes large maps of various countries, posters, a proof sheet for Cuba Infinita, and a game card \"La Charada Cubana.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e4d41ff341ce7470c0d40282c3f71dd8\"\u003eThe collection is filled with Cuban history and researched materials on society's past was created by Cuban and American journalist Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n. The materials range from photographs of his travels to cultural sites and countries to personal notes on literature of other scholars' works and his published books. He is most notable of his published four-volume encyclopedia on Cuban history called Cuba Infinita.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection is filled with Cuban history and researched materials on society's past was created by Cuban and American journalist José Guerra Alemán. The materials range from photographs of his travels to cultural sites and countries to personal notes on literature of other scholars' works and his published books. He is most notable of his published four-volume encyclopedia on Cuban history called Cuba Infinita."],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Guerra Alemán, José"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":282,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870857755411087360,"_root_":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:03:10.972Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_c6a33029487564f11406131c29faf85c"}},{"id":"8b2f836c57bc7c6467673e70_aspace_72968da7fea88cc13e540ae3b60dc9c8","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"\"Oversize Materials\" Box 1","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/8b2f836c57bc7c6467673e70_aspace_72968da7fea88cc13e540ae3b60dc9c8#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_72968da7fea88cc13e540ae3b60dc9c8","ref_ssm":["aspace_72968da7fea88cc13e540ae3b60dc9c8","aspace_72968da7fea88cc13e540ae3b60dc9c8"],"id":"8b2f836c57bc7c6467673e70_aspace_72968da7fea88cc13e540ae3b60dc9c8","title_filing_ssi":"\"Oversize Materials\" Box 1","title_ssm":["\"Oversize Materials\" Box 1"],"title_tesim":["\"Oversize Materials\" Box 1"],"normalized_title_ssm":["\"Oversize Materials\" Box 1"],"text":["\"Oversize Materials\" Box 1","Senator Lee Constantine papers, 1990-2019","/repositories/4/archival_objects/66458","box 196"],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ids_ssim":["8b2f836c57bc7c6467673e70"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Senator Lee Constantine papers, 1990-2019"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Senator Lee Constantine papers, 1990-2019"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/4/archival_objects/66458"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Senator Lee Constantine papers, 1990-2019"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"sort_isi":195,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The entire collection is open for research. This minimally processed collection may require further processing and is subject to change."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"containers_ssim":["box 196"],"_nest_path_":"/components#194","_nest_parent_":"8b2f836c57bc7c6467673e70","_root_":"8b2f836c57bc7c6467673e70","_version_":1872941324532973568,"timestamp":"2026-08-08T08:00:37.341Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"8b2f836c57bc7c6467673e70","title_ssm":["Senator Lee Constantine papers"],"title_tesim":["Senator Lee Constantine papers"],"ead_ssi":"8b2f836c57bc7c6467673e70","unitdate_ssm":["1990-2019"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1990-2019"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 137","/repositories/4/resources/232"],"text":["SC 137","/repositories/4/resources/232","Senator Lee Constantine papers, 1990-2019","The entire collection is open for research. This minimally processed collection may require further processing and is subject to change.","Lee Constantine is a graduate of the University of Central Florida that began his career in Florida Politics in 1978 when he was elected as the commissioner and Mayor of Altamonte Springs. He served in these roles for a combined 14 years. In 1992, he was elected to the Florida House of Representatives and served for 8 years. Constantine was elected to the Florida Senate in 2000 representing Orange and Seminole counties. His role as senator ended in 2010 due to term limits. In 2012, he was elected as a commissioner for Seminole County representing District 3. ","Constantine has sponsored many bills during his tenure related to education, energy, and conservation. Below are examples of noteworthy bills that he has supported in the past:","\nSave Our Everglades (1997-2001)","Florida Unified Building Code (1998, 2000)","Florida Forever Program (1999)","Payday Loans Reform (2001)\nAffordable Housing-Front Porch Florida (2002)","Pre-K Education \u0026 Class Size Reduction (2003)","Wekiva Parkway \u0026 Protection Act (2004)","Physical Education in schools (2004, 2007-08)","Medical school at UCF (2006)","Public Service Commission Reform (2006)","Florida Energy Act (2006, 2008)","Election Reform (2007)","Missing Persons Act (2008)","SunRail for Central Florida (2009)","Florida Waters \u0026 Springs Protection (2010)","Florida Recycling Act (2010","The collection was recieved in 24 large tubs and smaller banker boxes. The collection has been rehoused into archival-quality boxes. Folders have generally not been replaced except to house previously unfoldered documents. The information labeling the tubs has been preserved in a container list and on some of the box labels.","The collection generally documents Constantine's political career and functions as a representative. Specific areas include but are not limited to his calendars, materials on bills, legislative sessions, legislation and bill files, the Florida Energy Commission, and collected manuals and publications.","Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","UCF Special Collections","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 137","/repositories/4/resources/232"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1990-2019"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Senator Lee Constantine papers, 1990-2019"],"collection_title_tesim":["Senator Lee Constantine papers, 1990-2019"],"collection_ssim":["Senator Lee Constantine papers, 1990-2019"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated by Lee Constantine to Special Collections \u0026 University Archives in June 2022 (CFM2022_13)."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["37 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["37 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research. This minimally processed collection may require further processing and is subject to change.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research. This minimally processed collection may require further processing and is subject to change."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLee Constantine is a graduate of the University of Central Florida that began his career in Florida Politics in 1978 when he was elected as the commissioner and Mayor of Altamonte Springs. He served in these roles for a combined 14 years. In 1992, he was elected to the Florida House of Representatives and served for 8 years. Constantine was elected to the Florida Senate in 2000 representing Orange and Seminole counties. His role as senator ended in 2010 due to term limits. In 2012, he was elected as a commissioner for Seminole County representing District 3. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eConstantine has sponsored many bills during his tenure related to education, energy, and conservation. Below are examples of noteworthy bills that he has supported in the past:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSave Our Everglades (1997-2001)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFlorida Unified Building Code (1998, 2000)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFlorida Forever Program (1999)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePayday Loans Reform (2001)\nAffordable Housing-Front Porch Florida (2002)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePre-K Education \u0026amp; Class Size Reduction (2003)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWekiva Parkway \u0026amp; Protection Act (2004)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePhysical Education in schools (2004, 2007-08)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMedical school at UCF (2006)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePublic Service Commission Reform (2006)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFlorida Energy Act (2006, 2008)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eElection Reform (2007)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMissing Persons Act (2008)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSunRail for Central Florida (2009)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFlorida Waters \u0026amp; Springs Protection (2010)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFlorida Recycling Act (2010\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Lee Constantine is a graduate of the University of Central Florida that began his career in Florida Politics in 1978 when he was elected as the commissioner and Mayor of Altamonte Springs. He served in these roles for a combined 14 years. In 1992, he was elected to the Florida House of Representatives and served for 8 years. Constantine was elected to the Florida Senate in 2000 representing Orange and Seminole counties. His role as senator ended in 2010 due to term limits. In 2012, he was elected as a commissioner for Seminole County representing District 3. ","Constantine has sponsored many bills during his tenure related to education, energy, and conservation. Below are examples of noteworthy bills that he has supported in the past:","\nSave Our Everglades (1997-2001)","Florida Unified Building Code (1998, 2000)","Florida Forever Program (1999)","Payday Loans Reform (2001)\nAffordable Housing-Front Porch Florida (2002)","Pre-K Education \u0026 Class Size Reduction (2003)","Wekiva Parkway \u0026 Protection Act (2004)","Physical Education in schools (2004, 2007-08)","Medical school at UCF (2006)","Public Service Commission Reform (2006)","Florida Energy Act (2006, 2008)","Election Reform (2007)","Missing Persons Act (2008)","SunRail for Central Florida (2009)","Florida Waters \u0026 Springs Protection (2010)","Florida Recycling Act (2010"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection was recieved in 24 large tubs and smaller banker boxes. The collection has been rehoused into archival-quality boxes. Folders have generally not been replaced except to house previously unfoldered documents. The information labeling the tubs has been preserved in a container list and on some of the box labels.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The collection was recieved in 24 large tubs and smaller banker boxes. The collection has been rehoused into archival-quality boxes. Folders have generally not been replaced except to house previously unfoldered documents. The information labeling the tubs has been preserved in a container list and on some of the box labels."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection generally documents Constantine's political career and functions as a representative. Specific areas include but are not limited to his calendars, materials on bills, legislative sessions, legislation and bill files, the Florida Energy Commission, and collected manuals and publications.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection generally documents Constantine's political career and functions as a representative. Specific areas include but are not limited to his calendars, materials on bills, legislative sessions, legislation and bill files, the Florida Energy Commission, and collected manuals and publications."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":250,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1872941324532973568,"_root_":"8b2f836c57bc7c6467673e70","timestamp":"2026-08-08T08:00:37.341Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/8b2f836c57bc7c6467673e70_aspace_72968da7fea88cc13e540ae3b60dc9c8"}},{"id":"b3e4025e67698b63bebebf69_aspace_ac1311c2814913c92140131a9afad803","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Oversize Political Posters, 1996-2002","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/b3e4025e67698b63bebebf69_aspace_ac1311c2814913c92140131a9afad803#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_ac1311c2814913c92140131a9afad803","ref_ssm":["aspace_ac1311c2814913c92140131a9afad803","aspace_ac1311c2814913c92140131a9afad803"],"id":"b3e4025e67698b63bebebf69_aspace_ac1311c2814913c92140131a9afad803","title_filing_ssi":"Oversize Political Posters","title_ssm":["Oversize Political Posters"],"title_tesim":["Oversize Political Posters"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1996-2002"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1996-2002"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Oversize Political Posters, 1996-2002"],"text":["Oversize Political Posters, 1996-2002","Dr. Edna Louise Saffy Papers, 1962-2013","/repositories/3/archival_objects/7086","This series contains political campaign signs state and national Democratic candidates.","box 13"],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ids_ssim":["b3e4025e67698b63bebebf69"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Dr. Edna Louise Saffy Papers, 1962-2013"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Dr. Edna Louise Saffy Papers, 1962-2013"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/3/archival_objects/7086"],"repository_ssim":["UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Dr. Edna Louise Saffy Papers, 1962-2013"],"physdesc_tesim":["This series contains political campaign signs state and national Democratic candidates."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"sort_isi":104,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research by appointment only. Please contact \nlib-special@unf.edu to schedule an appointment."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Materials in the collection may be subject to copyright and are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accordance with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). Use of reproductions of copyrighted works in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement and be subject to the civil and criminal penalties of federal law. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for further information"],"date_range_isim":[1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002],"containers_ssim":["box 13"],"_nest_path_":"/components#5","_nest_parent_":"b3e4025e67698b63bebebf69","_root_":"b3e4025e67698b63bebebf69","_version_":1870860599051681792,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:48:22.881Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"b3e4025e67698b63bebebf69","title_ssm":["Dr. Edna Louise Saffy Papers"],"title_tesim":["Dr. Edna Louise Saffy Papers"],"ead_ssi":"b3e4025e67698b63bebebf69","unitdate_ssm":["1962-2013"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1962-2013"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["2013.003","/repositories/3/resources/66"],"text":["2013.003","/repositories/3/resources/66","Dr. Edna Louise Saffy Papers, 1962-2013","Florida -- Politics and Government -- 20th century","Clinton, Bill, 1946 -- Presidential campaigns -- Florida","College teachers -- Florida -- Jacksonville (Fla.)","Democratic Party (Fla.)","Human rights workers -- Florida -- Jacksonville (Fla.)","Political activists -- Florida -- Jacksonville (Fla.)","Women's rights -- Florida","The collection is open for research by appointment only. Please contact \nlib-special@unf.edu to schedule an appointment.","\tDr. Edna Louise Saffy, human rights advocate and Jacksonville native was born on March 9, 1935. She attended college at the University of Florida where she received several degrees, including the Master's and Doctorate of Philosophy degrees. She was a professor of Rhetoric and Public Address at University of Florida and Florida State College at Jacksonville, where she was elected Professor Emeritus following her retirement in December 2007. ","\nDr. Saffy was a founder of the National Organization for Women chapters in Jacksonville and Gainesville, as well as founder of the Jacksonville Women's Network. She was named \"A Woman of Courage and Vision\" by the Mayor's Commission on the Status of Women and the recipient of a Lifetime EVE Award by the Florida Times Union.\n    \n    As a humanitarian and activist, she served on numerous local, state, and national committees, including the John F. Kennedy Center Committee for the Performing Arts during the Clinton Administration, the Advisory Committee on LaVilla Cultural Heritage District, American Arab Institute, Duval County Democratic Executive Committee, and the Jacksonville Human Rights Commission. \n    \n    Dr. Saffy was also politically active. She led a 1975 march in Tallahassee in support of the Equal Rights Amendment. She served as a Florida delegate to the International Women's Conference and as a Florida State delegate in six Democratic National Conventions. She was also the president of the Florida Women's Political Caucus. Dr. Saffy died June 20, 2010.","This collection contains awards, correspondence, memorabilia, printed materials, photographs, personal papers, and writings. Many printed materials and photographs relate to politics and political activism. There are numerous photographs and newspaper clippings, as well as Dr. Saffy's dissertation. The collection contains many memorabilia items, particularly from various political events, and there are two large portraits of Dr. Edna Louise Saffy.","Materials in the collection may be subject to copyright and are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accordance with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). Use of reproductions of copyrighted works in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement and be subject to the civil and criminal penalties of federal law. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for further information","UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives","English"],"unitid_tesim":["2013.003","/repositories/3/resources/66"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1962-2013"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Dr. Edna Louise Saffy Papers, 1962-2013"],"collection_title_tesim":["Dr. Edna Louise Saffy Papers, 1962-2013"],"collection_ssim":["Dr. Edna Louise Saffy Papers, 1962-2013"],"repository_ssm":["UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives"],"repository_ssim":["UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Florida -- Politics and Government -- 20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Florida -- Politics and Government -- 20th century"],"places_ssim":["Florida -- Politics and Government -- 20th century"],"access_terms_ssm":["Materials in the collection may be subject to copyright and are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accordance with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). Use of reproductions of copyrighted works in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement and be subject to the civil and criminal penalties of federal law. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for further information"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was acquired through donation from Dr. Grady Johnson, 2013."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Clinton, Bill, 1946 -- Presidential campaigns -- Florida","College teachers -- Florida -- Jacksonville (Fla.)","Democratic Party (Fla.)","Human rights workers -- Florida -- Jacksonville (Fla.)","Political activists -- Florida -- Jacksonville (Fla.)","Women's rights -- Florida"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Clinton, Bill, 1946 -- Presidential campaigns -- Florida","College teachers -- Florida -- Jacksonville (Fla.)","Democratic Party (Fla.)","Human rights workers -- Florida -- Jacksonville (Fla.)","Political activists -- Florida -- Jacksonville (Fla.)","Women's rights -- Florida"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["36.00 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["36.00 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research by appointment only. Please contact \nlib-special@unf.edu to schedule an appointment.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research by appointment only. Please contact \nlib-special@unf.edu to schedule an appointment."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\tDr. Edna Louise Saffy, human rights advocate and Jacksonville native was born on March 9, 1935. She attended college at the University of Florida where she received several degrees, including the Master's and Doctorate of Philosophy degrees. She was a professor of Rhetoric and Public Address at University of Florida and Florida State College at Jacksonville, where she was elected Professor Emeritus following her retirement in December 2007. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nDr. Saffy was a founder of the National Organization for Women chapters in Jacksonville and Gainesville, as well as founder of the Jacksonville Women's Network. She was named \"A Woman of Courage and Vision\" by the Mayor's Commission on the Status of Women and the recipient of a Lifetime EVE Award by the Florida Times Union.\n    \n    As a humanitarian and activist, she served on numerous local, state, and national committees, including the John F. Kennedy Center Committee for the Performing Arts during the Clinton Administration, the Advisory Committee on LaVilla Cultural Heritage District, American Arab Institute, Duval County Democratic Executive Committee, and the Jacksonville Human Rights Commission. \n    \n    Dr. Saffy was also politically active. She led a 1975 march in Tallahassee in support of the Equal Rights Amendment. She served as a Florida delegate to the International Women's Conference and as a Florida State delegate in six Democratic National Conventions. She was also the president of the Florida Women's Political Caucus. Dr. Saffy died June 20, 2010.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["\tDr. Edna Louise Saffy, human rights advocate and Jacksonville native was born on March 9, 1935. She attended college at the University of Florida where she received several degrees, including the Master's and Doctorate of Philosophy degrees. She was a professor of Rhetoric and Public Address at University of Florida and Florida State College at Jacksonville, where she was elected Professor Emeritus following her retirement in December 2007. ","\nDr. Saffy was a founder of the National Organization for Women chapters in Jacksonville and Gainesville, as well as founder of the Jacksonville Women's Network. She was named \"A Woman of Courage and Vision\" by the Mayor's Commission on the Status of Women and the recipient of a Lifetime EVE Award by the Florida Times Union.\n    \n    As a humanitarian and activist, she served on numerous local, state, and national committees, including the John F. Kennedy Center Committee for the Performing Arts during the Clinton Administration, the Advisory Committee on LaVilla Cultural Heritage District, American Arab Institute, Duval County Democratic Executive Committee, and the Jacksonville Human Rights Commission. \n    \n    Dr. Saffy was also politically active. She led a 1975 march in Tallahassee in support of the Equal Rights Amendment. She served as a Florida delegate to the International Women's Conference and as a Florida State delegate in six Democratic National Conventions. She was also the president of the Florida Women's Political Caucus. Dr. Saffy died June 20, 2010."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDr. Edna Louise Saffy Papers, Thomas G. Carpenter Library, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Dr. Edna Louise Saffy Papers, Thomas G. Carpenter Library, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains awards, correspondence, memorabilia, printed materials, photographs, personal papers, and writings. Many printed materials and photographs relate to politics and political activism. There are numerous photographs and newspaper clippings, as well as Dr. Saffy's dissertation. 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