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The collection contains many memorabilia items, particularly from various political events, and there are two large portraits of Dr. Edna Louise Saffy.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains awards, correspondence, memorabilia, printed materials, photographs, personal papers, and writings. Many printed materials and photographs relate to politics and political activism. There are numerous photographs and newspaper clippings, as well as Dr. Saffy's dissertation. The collection contains many memorabilia items, particularly from various political events, and there are two large portraits of Dr. Edna Louise Saffy."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in the collection may be subject to copyright and are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accordance with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). Use of reproductions of copyrighted works in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement and be subject to the civil and criminal penalties of federal law. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for further information\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials in the collection may be subject to copyright and are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accordance with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). Use of reproductions of copyrighted works in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement and be subject to the civil and criminal penalties of federal law. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for further information"],"names_ssim":["UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives"],"corpname_ssim":["UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":748,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870860599051681792,"_root_":"b3e4025e67698b63bebebf69","timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:48:22.881Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/b3e4025e67698b63bebebf69_aspace_0d62bba1a1af91e205d2cc1fd1884d2d"}},{"id":"f6bf64b3b40806d504e1f1e8_aspace_38256","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Floridiana","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/f6bf64b3b40806d504e1f1e8_aspace_38256#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_38256","ref_ssm":["aspace_38256","aspace_38256"],"id":"f6bf64b3b40806d504e1f1e8_aspace_38256","title_filing_ssi":"Floridiana","title_ssm":["Floridiana"],"title_tesim":["Floridiana"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Floridiana"],"text":["Floridiana","Spessard Lindsey Holland Papers, 1892-1971","Series 5","/repositories/10/archival_objects/46373"],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ids_ssim":["f6bf64b3b40806d504e1f1e8"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Spessard Lindsey Holland Papers, 1892-1971"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Spessard Lindsey Holland Papers, 1892-1971"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Series 5","/repositories/10/archival_objects/46373"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Spessard Lindsey Holland Papers, 1892-1971"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":6,"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"sort_isi":241,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to all researchers. Users may access this collection at the Claude Pepper Library."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"_nest_path_":"/components#4","_nest_parent_":"f6bf64b3b40806d504e1f1e8","_root_":"f6bf64b3b40806d504e1f1e8","_version_":1870858768767516672,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:19:17.376Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"f6bf64b3b40806d504e1f1e8","title_ssm":["Spessard Lindsey Holland Papers"],"title_tesim":["Spessard Lindsey Holland Papers"],"ead_ssi":"f6bf64b3b40806d504e1f1e8","unitdate_ssm":["1892-1971"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1892-1971"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 76-5","/repositories/10/resources/409"],"text":["MSS 76-5","/repositories/10/resources/409","Spessard Lindsey Holland Papers, 1892-1971","Everglades National Park (Fla.)","Holland Family--Archives","National rivers","Freemasonry","World War, 1914-1918","Florida--Politics and government","Florida. Governor (1941-1945 : Holland)","Correspondence","Legal documents.","Photographs","Speeches, addresses, etc.","Collection is open to all researchers. Users may access this collection at the Claude Pepper Library.","Spessard Lindsey Holland, 28th Governor of Florida (January 1941-January 1945) was born in Bartow, Florida on July 10, 1892, to Benjamin F. and Virginia (Spessard) Holland. He graduated from Emory College (now Emory University) in 1912 and the University of Florida Law School in 1916. Holland served in World War I as a member of the Army Air Corps, and he held the rank of Captain by the end of the war.\n Throughout his professional career, Holland worked as a school teacher, citrus grower, and attorney before entering the political arena. He was elected to State Senate in 1932 and served until his election as governor in 1941. He was appointed to United States Senate in September 1946 and later successfully ran for that office serving a total of four six-year terms.\n Holland died in Bartow on November 6, 1971. A more detailed biography including many of his legislative activities can be found in the biographical materials contained within this collection.","Processed January 1978","The Spessard Lindsey Holland collection consists primarily of the personal correspondence, photographs, campaign materials, individual files, Floridiana, and memorabilia such as various awards and certificates, plaques, and miscellaneous novelty items. The collection has materials dated from the 1890s to the early 1970s with the majority of the collection dated after the 1930s.\n \tBiographical materials on the former Governor and U.S. Senator can be found in this collection as well as various papers and correspondence during his terms in both of these offices. Also included are speeches, tax records, recordings and photographs, presentations, memberships, Holland Family papers and correspondence, as well as over 170 books that belonged to the Hollands.","Select materials from the Holland Papers have been digitized and are available through the  FSU Digital Library .","All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.","Claude Pepper Library.","FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Air Force Association","Alpha Tau Omega","American Bar Association","American Legion","American Sugar Cane League","Military Order of the World Wars","Orange Bowl Committee","National Geographic Society (U.S.)","Florida Bar","Florida Historical Society","Florida. Governor","National Audubon Society","Phi Beta Kappa","Holland, Spessard L. (Spessard Lindsey) 1892-1971","Holland, Spessard L. (Spessard Lindsey), 1892-1971","Butler, James Turner, 1882-1969","Chiles, Lawton, 1930-1998","McRae, William A., Jr., 1909-1973","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 76-5","/repositories/10/resources/409"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1892-1971"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Spessard Lindsey Holland Papers, 1892-1971"],"collection_title_tesim":["Spessard Lindsey Holland Papers, 1892-1971"],"collection_ssim":["Spessard Lindsey Holland Papers, 1892-1971"],"repository_ssm":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Everglades National Park (Fla.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Everglades National Park (Fla.)"],"creator_ssm":["Holland, Spessard L. (Spessard Lindsey) 1892-1971"],"creator_ssim":["Holland, Spessard L. (Spessard Lindsey) 1892-1971"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Holland, Spessard L. (Spessard Lindsey) 1892-1971"],"creators_ssim":["Holland, Spessard L. (Spessard Lindsey) 1892-1971"],"places_ssim":["Everglades National Park (Fla.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of the Holland Family"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Holland Family--Archives","National rivers","Freemasonry","World War, 1914-1918","Florida--Politics and government","Florida. Governor (1941-1945 : Holland)","Correspondence","Legal documents.","Photographs","Speeches, addresses, etc."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Holland Family--Archives","National rivers","Freemasonry","World War, 1914-1918","Florida--Politics and government","Florida. Governor (1941-1945 : Holland)","Correspondence","Legal documents.","Photographs","Speeches, addresses, etc."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["47 boxes","23.1875 Linear Feet (54 containers)"],"extent_tesim":["47 boxes","23.1875 Linear Feet (54 containers)"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Legal documents.","Photographs","Speeches, addresses, etc."],"date_range_isim":[1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Users may access this collection at the Claude Pepper Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Users may access this collection at the Claude Pepper Library."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSpessard Lindsey Holland, 28th Governor of Florida (January 1941-January 1945) was born in Bartow, Florida on July 10, 1892, to Benjamin F. and Virginia (Spessard) Holland. He graduated from Emory College (now Emory University) in 1912 and the University of Florida Law School in 1916. Holland served in World War I as a member of the Army Air Corps, and he held the rank of Captain by the end of the war.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThroughout his professional career, Holland worked as a school teacher, citrus grower, and attorney before entering the political arena. He was elected to State Senate in 1932 and served until his election as governor in 1941. He was appointed to United States Senate in September 1946 and later successfully ran for that office serving a total of four six-year terms.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHolland died in Bartow on November 6, 1971. A more detailed biography including many of his legislative activities can be found in the biographical materials contained within this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Spessard Lindsey Holland, 28th Governor of Florida (January 1941-January 1945) was born in Bartow, Florida on July 10, 1892, to Benjamin F. and Virginia (Spessard) Holland. He graduated from Emory College (now Emory University) in 1912 and the University of Florida Law School in 1916. Holland served in World War I as a member of the Army Air Corps, and he held the rank of Captain by the end of the war.\n Throughout his professional career, Holland worked as a school teacher, citrus grower, and attorney before entering the political arena. He was elected to State Senate in 1932 and served until his election as governor in 1941. He was appointed to United States Senate in September 1946 and later successfully ran for that office serving a total of four six-year terms.\n Holland died in Bartow on November 6, 1971. A more detailed biography including many of his legislative activities can be found in the biographical materials contained within this collection."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Title of Item], [Date of Item], Spessard Lindsey Holland Papers, The Claude Pepper Library, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Title of Item], [Date of Item], Spessard Lindsey Holland Papers, The Claude Pepper Library, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed January 1978\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed January 1978"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Spessard Lindsey Holland collection consists primarily of the personal correspondence, photographs, campaign materials, individual files, Floridiana, and memorabilia such as various awards and certificates, plaques, and miscellaneous novelty items. The collection has materials dated from the 1890s to the early 1970s with the majority of the collection dated after the 1930s.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\tBiographical materials on the former Governor and U.S. Senator can be found in this collection as well as various papers and correspondence during his terms in both of these offices. Also included are speeches, tax records, recordings and photographs, presentations, memberships, Holland Family papers and correspondence, as well as over 170 books that belonged to the Hollands.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSelect materials from the Holland Papers have been digitized and are available through the \u003cextref href=\"https://diginole.lib.fsu.edu/islandora/object/fsu:spessardlindseyhollandpapers\"\u003eFSU Digital Library\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Online Copies Available"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Spessard Lindsey Holland collection consists primarily of the personal correspondence, photographs, campaign materials, individual files, Floridiana, and memorabilia such as various awards and certificates, plaques, and miscellaneous novelty items. The collection has materials dated from the 1890s to the early 1970s with the majority of the collection dated after the 1930s.\n \tBiographical materials on the former Governor and U.S. Senator can be found in this collection as well as various papers and correspondence during his terms in both of these offices. Also included are speeches, tax records, recordings and photographs, presentations, memberships, Holland Family papers and correspondence, as well as over 170 books that belonged to the Hollands.","Select materials from the Holland Papers have been digitized and are available through the  FSU Digital Library ."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_72f388e800102079ce39bb1a40399051\"\u003eClaude Pepper Library.\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Claude Pepper Library."],"names_coll_ssim":["Air Force Association","Alpha Tau Omega","American Bar Association","American Legion","American Sugar Cane League","Military Order of the World Wars","Orange Bowl Committee","National Geographic Society (U.S.)","Florida Bar","Florida Historical Society","Florida. Governor","National Audubon Society","Phi Beta Kappa","Holland, Spessard L. (Spessard Lindsey), 1892-1971","Butler, James Turner, 1882-1969","Chiles, Lawton, 1930-1998","McRae, William A., Jr., 1909-1973","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945"],"names_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Air Force Association","Alpha Tau Omega","American Bar Association","American Legion","American Sugar Cane League","Military Order of the World Wars","Orange Bowl Committee","National Geographic Society (U.S.)","Florida Bar","Florida Historical Society","Florida. Governor","National Audubon Society","Phi Beta Kappa","Holland, Spessard L. (Spessard Lindsey) 1892-1971","Holland, Spessard L. (Spessard Lindsey), 1892-1971","Butler, James Turner, 1882-1969","Chiles, Lawton, 1930-1998","McRae, William A., Jr., 1909-1973","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945"],"corpname_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Air Force Association","Alpha Tau Omega","American Bar Association","American Legion","American Sugar Cane League","Military Order of the World Wars","Orange Bowl Committee","National Geographic Society (U.S.)","Florida Bar","Florida Historical Society","Florida. Governor","National Audubon Society","Phi Beta Kappa"],"persname_ssim":["Holland, Spessard L. (Spessard Lindsey) 1892-1971","Holland, Spessard L. (Spessard Lindsey), 1892-1971","Butler, James Turner, 1882-1969","Chiles, Lawton, 1930-1998","McRae, William A., Jr., 1909-1973","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":574,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870858768767516672,"_root_":"f6bf64b3b40806d504e1f1e8","timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:19:17.376Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/f6bf64b3b40806d504e1f1e8_aspace_38256"}},{"id":"18ce43a3c782b797db9fa781_aspace_176278","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Flowers","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/18ce43a3c782b797db9fa781_aspace_176278#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_176278","ref_ssm":["aspace_176278","aspace_176278"],"id":"18ce43a3c782b797db9fa781_aspace_176278","title_filing_ssi":"Flowers","title_ssm":["Flowers"],"title_tesim":["Flowers"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Flowers"],"text":["Flowers","Photographic lantern slide collection, 1902-1929, Date acquired: 00/00/1995","Slides - Flowers, Animals Birds","Series 1","/repositories/2/archival_objects/81495"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["18ce43a3c782b797db9fa781","18ce43a3c782b797db9fa781_aspace_179819"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Photographic lantern slide collection, 1902-1929, Date acquired: 00/00/1995","Slides - Flowers, Animals Birds"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Photographic lantern slide collection, 1902-1929, Date acquired: 00/00/1995","Slides - Flowers, Animals Birds"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Box"],"unitid_ssm":["Series 1","/repositories/2/archival_objects/81495"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Photographic lantern slide collection, 1902-1929, Date acquired: 00/00/1995"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":5,"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"sort_isi":691,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Fragile materials served by appointment. Gloves required."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information."],"_nest_path_":"/components#17/components#0","_nest_parent_":"18ce43a3c782b797db9fa781_aspace_179819","_root_":"18ce43a3c782b797db9fa781","timestamp":"2026-06-19T03:16:57.188Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"18ce43a3c782b797db9fa781","title_ssm":["Photographic lantern slide collection"],"title_tesim":["Photographic lantern slide collection"],"ead_ssi":"18ce43a3c782b797db9fa781","unitdate_ssm":["1902-1929","Date acquired: 00/00/1995"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1902-1929"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 00/00/1995"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-1995-06","/repositories/2/resources/391"],"text":["MS-1995-06","/repositories/2/resources/391","Photographic lantern slide collection, 1902-1929, Date acquired: 00/00/1995","Lantern slides","Fragile materials served by appointment. Gloves required.","Five lantern slides measuring 1.75\" by 6.75\" donated to USF Special Collections on August 23, 2023.","The slides have been issued inventory numbers; for item level description see printed document with the collection.","The history of the lantern slide has its origins in seventeenth-century optical viewing devices which came to be known as \"magic lanterns\". The earliest slides for magic lanterns consisted of hand-painted images on glass, projected by itinerant showmen to amuse their audiences. In 1849, about ten years after the invention of photography, lantern slides began to be produced photographically.  Rapid improvements in photographic reproduction methods and more effective projection illuminants sparked the increased popularization of magic lantern slides."," \nIn the United States, magic lantern shows were especially popular in formal education settings. From the 1850s, following the lead of the Philadelphia-based Langenheim Brothers, a growing number of slide manufacturers retained stock collections of negatives from which lantern slides could be produced, assembled into thematic boxed sets, and sold to consumers, including universities, companies, clubs and other social organizations."," \nThe vast majority of these commercial lantern slides were black-and-white positive images, created with the wet collodion or a dry gelatine process. Slide lantern photographers made either \"contact\" or \"reduction\" prints. They made contact prints by placing a negative over a piece of light-sensitive lantern glass and then developing the image by exposure under controlled light. For a reduction print, the photographer affixed the negative to a window with a clear view, and photographed the illuminated negative directly onto the light-senstive lantern glass with a camera. After the completion of the photographic process, slide makers often affixed a paper border to the lantern glass, covered it with a clear piece of protective glass, and then bound the glass \"sandwich\" together with tape. The paper borders often bore printed identification of the commercial studio. Less frequently, manufacturers employed professional colorists to apply pigment washes to the lantern glass image prior to labeling and binding."," \nIn the 1930s and 1940s, less expensive film-based transparencies replaced glass lantern slides.  Commercial glass lantern slide firms and photographic studios disappeared or adapted to the new medium of 35 mm slides. [1] John Barnes. Catalogue of the Collection. Part 2: Optical Projection, The History of the Magic Lantern from the 17th to the 20th Century (St. Ives, Cornwall: Barnes Museum of Cinematography, 1970), 27-29. [2] Elizabeth Shepard. \"The Magic Lantern Slide in Entertainment and Education, 1860-1920.\" History of Photography 11: 2 (April-June 1987), 91. [3] Paul N. Hasluck. Optical Lanterns and Accessories: How to Make and Manage Them, Including Instructions on Making Slides (London: Cassell \u0026 Company, Ltd., 1901), 133-139.","published","Lantern slides have their origins in optical projection devices dating to the seventeenth century, yet their widespread use did not begin until after the advent of the wet collodion photographic process by Frederick Scott Archer in the late 1840s. As the nineteenth century progressed, lantern slides with photographic images quickly became popular forms of public and private education and entertainment.","The Photographic Lantern Slide collection is a source of visual imagery that spans the world in historical, architectural, cultural and agricultural subjects.  It represents one of the most popular categories of lantern slides, travel destinations.  It is international in scope, with scenes varying by locale, as indicated in the container listing. Many of the slides in this collection represent the sacred spaces of the Jewish, Buddhist, Christian and Muslim religions. Popular tourist destinations and historic sites are also prevalent, as are scenes of working people, housing structures, rural agriculture and transportation methods.","Documentation pertaining to this collection is limited to information affixed to the slides. Studios, manufacturers and retailers are identified on printed or handwritten labels, and some slides bear dates ranging from 1902 to 1929.  The hand colorists known as \"the Misses Griffith\" are identified on a number of slides, yet in most instances, the photographer who took the picture and the date of the negative's creation are not indicated. Nonetheless, the collection documents the products of a number of photographers, manufacturers, retailers of optical supplies and hand colorists.  The collection is especially notable for its number of hand-colored lantern slides.","The bulk of photographic lantern slides sold in the United States in the early twentieth century were black and white, products of the wet collodion or a gelatine photographic process. Hand coloring required additional skilled labor, space and tools, and delayed the mass production of the slides. Its relationship to painting on china and glass meant that women often performed the skilled labor.  Transparent oil paints, aniline dyes or watercolors were most frequently used in the process, the slides sometimes baked in an oven to set the paint layers prior to subsequent pigment applications.  While the earliest hand-colored slides required the painter's experimentation with different pigments and dyes, by the early twentieth century, paint manufacturers produced sets of colors specifically designed for slide lantern use.[url=#_ftn1][1][/url]","Once the photographic image was ready for assembly, the binders often applied a gummed opaque paper border (called a mask) to the glass negative and then topped it with a clear glass cover.  They then placed the two pieces of glass into a binding clamp and bound them together with gummed paper tape.[url=#_ftn2][2][/url]  Slides could then be individually sold or grouped into thematic sets, placed in grooved boxes, and distributed. Originally housed in the wooden boxes associated with glass negatives, the majority of the slides bearing the labels of individual manufacturers and studios, the Photographic Lantern Slide Collection is representative of such commercial sales.","In the early twentieth century, various American companies sold thematic slide lecture sets. The Keystone View Company (1892-1963), founded by the amateur photographer B.L. Singley in Meadville, Pennsylvania, was one of the largest commercial suppliers.[url=#_ftn3][3][/url] The McAllister family was another leader in the magic lantern business, establishing operations in Philadelphia by 1846 and in New York by 1866.  Trading under the name McAllister-Keller Co., Inc. from 1917, the company continued to offer lantern slides and other supplies until 1942.[url=#_ftn4][4][/url] The photographer John Duer Scott and the colorist Edward Van Altena joined forces to create a New York-based business in 1904. Riley Optical was a British company specializing in slide and lantern manufacturing, which opened a New York branch by 1895. Williams, Brown and Earle primarily sold laboratory supplies and optical equipment, but also produced lantern slide sets.","The manufacturers, retailers, photographers, studios or colorists identified in this collection are:","Beseler Lantern Slide Company, 131 East 23 rd  Street, New York","Brown and Dawson, Stamford, Connecticut","Detroit Publishing Company, Detroit, Michigan","C. H. Graves Company, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania","Misses Griffith (colorists), New York, New York","A. D. Handy, Boston, Massachusetts","Joseph Hawkes, 108 Fulton Street, New York, New York","Milton R. Holmes (photographer), Pennsylvania","W. C. Ives, New York, New York","Keystone View Company, Meadville, Pennsylvania","Chas. W. Kimble, Trenton, New Jersey","T. H. McAllister-Keller Co., Inc., New York, New York","Moore, Bond \u0026 Company, Chicago, Illinois","William Herman Rau, 1324 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania","Riley Optical, New York, New York","John Duer Scott (photographer), New York, New York","Scott and Van Altena, 59 Pearl Street, New York, New York","Underwood and Underwood, Washington, D. C.","Edward Van Altena, 71-79 West 45 th  Street, New York, New York","Williams, Brown \u0026 Earle, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania","In most instances, the maker's identification labels do not distinguish professions of the named entities, although the Misses Griffith are clearly indicated as hand colorists operating out of New York City. The street addresses listed above reflect identification printed on the commercial paper labels. In some instances, additional research revealed city or state of operation.","Slide lantern manufacturers also sold instruction manuals and mass-produced kits intended for amateur photographers, teachers, organizations, and educational institutions. Such kits included light sensitive lantern glass, clear cover glass, gummed paper masks, binding tape, and grooved wooden boxes for safe storage. Museums, schools and universities frequently created their own lantern slides for educational use. Photographic clubs emerged in American cities, offering lantern slide lectures and organizing slide exchanges. The slides in this collection that lack manufacturer, retailer or studio labels may be the products of such non-commercial endeavors.","Lantern slides created a new way to view both commercial and amateur photography. While the earliest photographic methods required an intimate viewership, the projection capabilities of the magic lantern allowed for a sizable audience. In the United States, the greatest impact of lantern slides was as a didactic tool and a form of entertainment.[url=#_ftn5][5][/url] Photographic lantern slides reached the peak of their popularity during the first third of the twentieth century, and dramatically impacted the development of animation technologies as well as visual-based education methods in fields such as anthropology, art history, and geography. As new photographic films emerged in the 1930s and 1940s, magic lantern shows became a rarity and ultimately obsolete.","[url=#_ftnref1][1][/url] John A. Tennant, ed.   The Photo-Miniature: A Magazine of Photographic Information  7:83 (Nov. 1907), 501-539.","[url=#_ftnref2][2][/url] Hasluck, 129-132.","[url=#_ftnref3][3][/url] Shepard, \"The Magic Lantern Slide,\" 105.  The company was purchased by the Mast Development Company in 1963.","[url=#_ftnref4][4][/url] David Robinson, et al., editors.   Encyclopaedia of the Magic Lantern   (London: The Magic Lantern Society, 2001),181-2.","[url=#_ftnref5][5][/url] Shepard, \"The Magic Lantern Slide,\" 91.","None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information.","USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-1995-06","/repositories/2/resources/391"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1902-1929, Date acquired: 00/00/1995"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Photographic lantern slide collection, 1902-1929, Date acquired: 00/00/1995"],"collection_title_tesim":["Photographic lantern slide collection, 1902-1929, Date acquired: 00/00/1995"],"collection_ssim":["Photographic lantern slide collection, 1902-1929, Date acquired: 00/00/1995"],"repository_ssm":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donation"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Lantern slides"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Lantern slides"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["20.23 Linear Feet","39 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["20.23 Linear Feet","39 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFragile materials served by appointment. Gloves required.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Fragile materials served by appointment. Gloves required."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFive lantern slides measuring 1.75\" by 6.75\" donated to USF Special Collections on August 23, 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals"],"accruals_tesim":["Five lantern slides measuring 1.75\" by 6.75\" donated to USF Special Collections on August 23, 2023."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe slides have been issued inventory numbers; for item level description see printed document with the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The slides have been issued inventory numbers; for item level description see printed document with the collection."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe history of the lantern slide has its origins in seventeenth-century optical viewing devices which came to be known as \"magic lanterns\". The earliest slides for magic lanterns consisted of hand-painted images on glass, projected by itinerant showmen to amuse their audiences. In 1849, about ten years after the invention of photography, lantern slides began to be produced photographically.  Rapid improvements in photographic reproduction methods and more effective projection illuminants sparked the increased popularization of magic lantern slides.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e \nIn the United States, magic lantern shows were especially popular in formal education settings. From the 1850s, following the lead of the Philadelphia-based Langenheim Brothers, a growing number of slide manufacturers retained stock collections of negatives from which lantern slides could be produced, assembled into thematic boxed sets, and sold to consumers, including universities, companies, clubs and other social organizations.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e \nThe vast majority of these commercial lantern slides were black-and-white positive images, created with the wet collodion or a dry gelatine process. Slide lantern photographers made either \"contact\" or \"reduction\" prints. They made contact prints by placing a negative over a piece of light-sensitive lantern glass and then developing the image by exposure under controlled light. For a reduction print, the photographer affixed the negative to a window with a clear view, and photographed the illuminated negative directly onto the light-senstive lantern glass with a camera. After the completion of the photographic process, slide makers often affixed a paper border to the lantern glass, covered it with a clear piece of protective glass, and then bound the glass \"sandwich\" together with tape. The paper borders often bore printed identification of the commercial studio. Less frequently, manufacturers employed professional colorists to apply pigment washes to the lantern glass image prior to labeling and binding.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e \nIn the 1930s and 1940s, less expensive film-based transparencies replaced glass lantern slides.  Commercial glass lantern slide firms and photographic studios disappeared or adapted to the new medium of 35 mm slides. [1] John Barnes. Catalogue of the Collection. Part 2: Optical Projection, The History of the Magic Lantern from the 17th to the 20th Century (St. Ives, Cornwall: Barnes Museum of Cinematography, 1970), 27-29. [2] Elizabeth Shepard. \"The Magic Lantern Slide in Entertainment and Education, 1860-1920.\" History of Photography 11: 2 (April-June 1987), 91. [3] Paul N. Hasluck. Optical Lanterns and Accessories: How to Make and Manage Them, Including Instructions on Making Slides (London: Cassell \u0026amp; Company, Ltd., 1901), 133-139.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The history of the lantern slide has its origins in seventeenth-century optical viewing devices which came to be known as \"magic lanterns\". The earliest slides for magic lanterns consisted of hand-painted images on glass, projected by itinerant showmen to amuse their audiences. In 1849, about ten years after the invention of photography, lantern slides began to be produced photographically.  Rapid improvements in photographic reproduction methods and more effective projection illuminants sparked the increased popularization of magic lantern slides."," \nIn the United States, magic lantern shows were especially popular in formal education settings. From the 1850s, following the lead of the Philadelphia-based Langenheim Brothers, a growing number of slide manufacturers retained stock collections of negatives from which lantern slides could be produced, assembled into thematic boxed sets, and sold to consumers, including universities, companies, clubs and other social organizations."," \nThe vast majority of these commercial lantern slides were black-and-white positive images, created with the wet collodion or a dry gelatine process. Slide lantern photographers made either \"contact\" or \"reduction\" prints. They made contact prints by placing a negative over a piece of light-sensitive lantern glass and then developing the image by exposure under controlled light. For a reduction print, the photographer affixed the negative to a window with a clear view, and photographed the illuminated negative directly onto the light-senstive lantern glass with a camera. After the completion of the photographic process, slide makers often affixed a paper border to the lantern glass, covered it with a clear piece of protective glass, and then bound the glass \"sandwich\" together with tape. The paper borders often bore printed identification of the commercial studio. Less frequently, manufacturers employed professional colorists to apply pigment washes to the lantern glass image prior to labeling and binding."," \nIn the 1930s and 1940s, less expensive film-based transparencies replaced glass lantern slides.  Commercial glass lantern slide firms and photographic studios disappeared or adapted to the new medium of 35 mm slides. [1] John Barnes. Catalogue of the Collection. Part 2: Optical Projection, The History of the Magic Lantern from the 17th to the 20th Century (St. Ives, Cornwall: Barnes Museum of Cinematography, 1970), 27-29. [2] Elizabeth Shepard. \"The Magic Lantern Slide in Entertainment and Education, 1860-1920.\" History of Photography 11: 2 (April-June 1987), 91. [3] Paul N. Hasluck. Optical Lanterns and Accessories: How to Make and Manage Them, Including Instructions on Making Slides (London: Cassell \u0026 Company, Ltd., 1901), 133-139."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003epublished\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Other Descriptive Information"],"odd_tesim":["published"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePhotographic Lantern Slide Collection, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Photographic Lantern Slide Collection, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLantern slides have their origins in optical projection devices dating to the seventeenth century, yet their widespread use did not begin until after the advent of the wet collodion photographic process by Frederick Scott Archer in the late 1840s. As the nineteenth century progressed, lantern slides with photographic images quickly became popular forms of public and private education and entertainment.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Photographic Lantern Slide collection is a source of visual imagery that spans the world in historical, architectural, cultural and agricultural subjects.  It represents one of the most popular categories of lantern slides, travel destinations.  It is international in scope, with scenes varying by locale, as indicated in the container listing. Many of the slides in this collection represent the sacred spaces of the Jewish, Buddhist, Christian and Muslim religions. Popular tourist destinations and historic sites are also prevalent, as are scenes of working people, housing structures, rural agriculture and transportation methods.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDocumentation pertaining to this collection is limited to information affixed to the slides. Studios, manufacturers and retailers are identified on printed or handwritten labels, and some slides bear dates ranging from 1902 to 1929.  The hand colorists known as \"the Misses Griffith\" are identified on a number of slides, yet in most instances, the photographer who took the picture and the date of the negative's creation are not indicated. Nonetheless, the collection documents the products of a number of photographers, manufacturers, retailers of optical supplies and hand colorists.  The collection is especially notable for its number of hand-colored lantern slides.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of photographic lantern slides sold in the United States in the early twentieth century were black and white, products of the wet collodion or a gelatine photographic process. Hand coloring required additional skilled labor, space and tools, and delayed the mass production of the slides. Its relationship to painting on china and glass meant that women often performed the skilled labor.  Transparent oil paints, aniline dyes or watercolors were most frequently used in the process, the slides sometimes baked in an oven to set the paint layers prior to subsequent pigment applications.  While the earliest hand-colored slides required the painter's experimentation with different pigments and dyes, by the early twentieth century, paint manufacturers produced sets of colors specifically designed for slide lantern use.[url=#_ftn1][1][/url]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOnce the photographic image was ready for assembly, the binders often applied a gummed opaque paper border (called a mask) to the glass negative and then topped it with a clear glass cover.  They then placed the two pieces of glass into a binding clamp and bound them together with gummed paper tape.[url=#_ftn2][2][/url]  Slides could then be individually sold or grouped into thematic sets, placed in grooved boxes, and distributed. Originally housed in the wooden boxes associated with glass negatives, the majority of the slides bearing the labels of individual manufacturers and studios, the Photographic Lantern Slide Collection is representative of such commercial sales.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the early twentieth century, various American companies sold thematic slide lecture sets. The Keystone View Company (1892-1963), founded by the amateur photographer B.L. Singley in Meadville, Pennsylvania, was one of the largest commercial suppliers.[url=#_ftn3][3][/url] The McAllister family was another leader in the magic lantern business, establishing operations in Philadelphia by 1846 and in New York by 1866.  Trading under the name McAllister-Keller Co., Inc. from 1917, the company continued to offer lantern slides and other supplies until 1942.[url=#_ftn4][4][/url] The photographer John Duer Scott and the colorist Edward Van Altena joined forces to create a New York-based business in 1904. Riley Optical was a British company specializing in slide and lantern manufacturing, which opened a New York branch by 1895. Williams, Brown and Earle primarily sold laboratory supplies and optical equipment, but also produced lantern slide sets.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe manufacturers, retailers, photographers, studios or colorists identified in this collection are:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBeseler Lantern Slide Company, 131 East 23\u003cemph render=\"super\"\u003erd\u003c/emph\u003e Street, New York\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBrown and Dawson, Stamford, Connecticut\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDetroit Publishing Company, Detroit, Michigan\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eC. H. Graves Company, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMisses Griffith (colorists), New York, New York\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA. D. Handy, Boston, Massachusetts\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJoseph Hawkes, 108 Fulton Street, New York, New York\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMilton R. Holmes (photographer), Pennsylvania\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eW. C. Ives, New York, New York\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eKeystone View Company, Meadville, Pennsylvania\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eChas. W. Kimble, Trenton, New Jersey\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eT. H. McAllister-Keller Co., Inc., New York, New York\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMoore, Bond \u0026amp; Company, Chicago, Illinois\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam Herman Rau, 1324 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRiley Optical, New York, New York\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJohn Duer Scott (photographer), New York, New York\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eScott and Van Altena, 59 Pearl Street, New York, New York\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUnderwood and Underwood, Washington, D. C.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEdward Van Altena, 71-79 West 45\u003cemph render=\"super\"\u003eth\u003c/emph\u003e Street, New York, New York\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliams, Brown \u0026amp; Earle, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn most instances, the maker's identification labels do not distinguish professions of the named entities, although the Misses Griffith are clearly indicated as hand colorists operating out of New York City. The street addresses listed above reflect identification printed on the commercial paper labels. In some instances, additional research revealed city or state of operation.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSlide lantern manufacturers also sold instruction manuals and mass-produced kits intended for amateur photographers, teachers, organizations, and educational institutions. Such kits included light sensitive lantern glass, clear cover glass, gummed paper masks, binding tape, and grooved wooden boxes for safe storage. Museums, schools and universities frequently created their own lantern slides for educational use. Photographic clubs emerged in American cities, offering lantern slide lectures and organizing slide exchanges. The slides in this collection that lack manufacturer, retailer or studio labels may be the products of such non-commercial endeavors.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLantern slides created a new way to view both commercial and amateur photography. While the earliest photographic methods required an intimate viewership, the projection capabilities of the magic lantern allowed for a sizable audience. In the United States, the greatest impact of lantern slides was as a didactic tool and a form of entertainment.[url=#_ftn5][5][/url] Photographic lantern slides reached the peak of their popularity during the first third of the twentieth century, and dramatically impacted the development of animation technologies as well as visual-based education methods in fields such as anthropology, art history, and geography. As new photographic films emerged in the 1930s and 1940s, magic lantern shows became a rarity and ultimately obsolete.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e[url=#_ftnref1][1][/url] John A. Tennant, ed.  \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Photo-Miniature: A Magazine of Photographic Information\u003c/emph\u003e 7:83 (Nov. 1907), 501-539.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e[url=#_ftnref2][2][/url] Hasluck, 129-132.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e[url=#_ftnref3][3][/url] Shepard, \"The Magic Lantern Slide,\" 105.  The company was purchased by the Mast Development Company in 1963.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e[url=#_ftnref4][4][/url] David Robinson, et al., editors.  \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eEncyclopaedia of the Magic Lantern  \u003c/emph\u003e(London: The Magic Lantern Society, 2001),181-2.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e[url=#_ftnref5][5][/url] Shepard, \"The Magic Lantern Slide,\" 91.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Lantern slides have their origins in optical projection devices dating to the seventeenth century, yet their widespread use did not begin until after the advent of the wet collodion photographic process by Frederick Scott Archer in the late 1840s. As the nineteenth century progressed, lantern slides with photographic images quickly became popular forms of public and private education and entertainment.","The Photographic Lantern Slide collection is a source of visual imagery that spans the world in historical, architectural, cultural and agricultural subjects.  It represents one of the most popular categories of lantern slides, travel destinations.  It is international in scope, with scenes varying by locale, as indicated in the container listing. Many of the slides in this collection represent the sacred spaces of the Jewish, Buddhist, Christian and Muslim religions. Popular tourist destinations and historic sites are also prevalent, as are scenes of working people, housing structures, rural agriculture and transportation methods.","Documentation pertaining to this collection is limited to information affixed to the slides. Studios, manufacturers and retailers are identified on printed or handwritten labels, and some slides bear dates ranging from 1902 to 1929.  The hand colorists known as \"the Misses Griffith\" are identified on a number of slides, yet in most instances, the photographer who took the picture and the date of the negative's creation are not indicated. Nonetheless, the collection documents the products of a number of photographers, manufacturers, retailers of optical supplies and hand colorists.  The collection is especially notable for its number of hand-colored lantern slides.","The bulk of photographic lantern slides sold in the United States in the early twentieth century were black and white, products of the wet collodion or a gelatine photographic process. Hand coloring required additional skilled labor, space and tools, and delayed the mass production of the slides. Its relationship to painting on china and glass meant that women often performed the skilled labor.  Transparent oil paints, aniline dyes or watercolors were most frequently used in the process, the slides sometimes baked in an oven to set the paint layers prior to subsequent pigment applications.  While the earliest hand-colored slides required the painter's experimentation with different pigments and dyes, by the early twentieth century, paint manufacturers produced sets of colors specifically designed for slide lantern use.[url=#_ftn1][1][/url]","Once the photographic image was ready for assembly, the binders often applied a gummed opaque paper border (called a mask) to the glass negative and then topped it with a clear glass cover.  They then placed the two pieces of glass into a binding clamp and bound them together with gummed paper tape.[url=#_ftn2][2][/url]  Slides could then be individually sold or grouped into thematic sets, placed in grooved boxes, and distributed. Originally housed in the wooden boxes associated with glass negatives, the majority of the slides bearing the labels of individual manufacturers and studios, the Photographic Lantern Slide Collection is representative of such commercial sales.","In the early twentieth century, various American companies sold thematic slide lecture sets. The Keystone View Company (1892-1963), founded by the amateur photographer B.L. Singley in Meadville, Pennsylvania, was one of the largest commercial suppliers.[url=#_ftn3][3][/url] The McAllister family was another leader in the magic lantern business, establishing operations in Philadelphia by 1846 and in New York by 1866.  Trading under the name McAllister-Keller Co., Inc. from 1917, the company continued to offer lantern slides and other supplies until 1942.[url=#_ftn4][4][/url] The photographer John Duer Scott and the colorist Edward Van Altena joined forces to create a New York-based business in 1904. Riley Optical was a British company specializing in slide and lantern manufacturing, which opened a New York branch by 1895. Williams, Brown and Earle primarily sold laboratory supplies and optical equipment, but also produced lantern slide sets.","The manufacturers, retailers, photographers, studios or colorists identified in this collection are:","Beseler Lantern Slide Company, 131 East 23 rd  Street, New York","Brown and Dawson, Stamford, Connecticut","Detroit Publishing Company, Detroit, Michigan","C. H. Graves Company, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania","Misses Griffith (colorists), New York, New York","A. D. Handy, Boston, Massachusetts","Joseph Hawkes, 108 Fulton Street, New York, New York","Milton R. Holmes (photographer), Pennsylvania","W. C. Ives, New York, New York","Keystone View Company, Meadville, Pennsylvania","Chas. W. Kimble, Trenton, New Jersey","T. H. McAllister-Keller Co., Inc., New York, New York","Moore, Bond \u0026 Company, Chicago, Illinois","William Herman Rau, 1324 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania","Riley Optical, New York, New York","John Duer Scott (photographer), New York, New York","Scott and Van Altena, 59 Pearl Street, New York, New York","Underwood and Underwood, Washington, D. C.","Edward Van Altena, 71-79 West 45 th  Street, New York, New York","Williams, Brown \u0026 Earle, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania","In most instances, the maker's identification labels do not distinguish professions of the named entities, although the Misses Griffith are clearly indicated as hand colorists operating out of New York City. The street addresses listed above reflect identification printed on the commercial paper labels. In some instances, additional research revealed city or state of operation.","Slide lantern manufacturers also sold instruction manuals and mass-produced kits intended for amateur photographers, teachers, organizations, and educational institutions. Such kits included light sensitive lantern glass, clear cover glass, gummed paper masks, binding tape, and grooved wooden boxes for safe storage. Museums, schools and universities frequently created their own lantern slides for educational use. Photographic clubs emerged in American cities, offering lantern slide lectures and organizing slide exchanges. The slides in this collection that lack manufacturer, retailer or studio labels may be the products of such non-commercial endeavors.","Lantern slides created a new way to view both commercial and amateur photography. While the earliest photographic methods required an intimate viewership, the projection capabilities of the magic lantern allowed for a sizable audience. In the United States, the greatest impact of lantern slides was as a didactic tool and a form of entertainment.[url=#_ftn5][5][/url] Photographic lantern slides reached the peak of their popularity during the first third of the twentieth century, and dramatically impacted the development of animation technologies as well as visual-based education methods in fields such as anthropology, art history, and geography. As new photographic films emerged in the 1930s and 1940s, magic lantern shows became a rarity and ultimately obsolete.","[url=#_ftnref1][1][/url] John A. Tennant, ed.   The Photo-Miniature: A Magazine of Photographic Information  7:83 (Nov. 1907), 501-539.","[url=#_ftnref2][2][/url] Hasluck, 129-132.","[url=#_ftnref3][3][/url] Shepard, \"The Magic Lantern Slide,\" 105.  The company was purchased by the Mast Development Company in 1963.","[url=#_ftnref4][4][/url] David Robinson, et al., editors.   Encyclopaedia of the Magic Lantern   (London: The Magic Lantern Society, 2001),181-2.","[url=#_ftnref5][5][/url] Shepard, \"The Magic Lantern Slide,\" 91."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone.\u0026#xA0;The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.\u0026#xA0; Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at \u003cextref href=\"http://www.copyright.gov/\"\u003ehttp://www.copyright.gov/\u003c/extref\u003e for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information."],"names_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"corpname_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2479,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"18ce43a3c782b797db9fa781","timestamp":"2026-06-19T03:16:57.188Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/18ce43a3c782b797db9fa781_aspace_176278"}},{"id":"e2885e4c7c6f43250d52fc0c_aspace_eae1a4320db1e411f0dfc6d462e6243b","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Flowers","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/e2885e4c7c6f43250d52fc0c_aspace_eae1a4320db1e411f0dfc6d462e6243b#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_eae1a4320db1e411f0dfc6d462e6243b","ref_ssm":["aspace_eae1a4320db1e411f0dfc6d462e6243b","aspace_eae1a4320db1e411f0dfc6d462e6243b"],"id":"e2885e4c7c6f43250d52fc0c_aspace_eae1a4320db1e411f0dfc6d462e6243b","title_filing_ssi":"Flowers","title_ssm":["Flowers"],"title_tesim":["Flowers"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Flowers"],"text":["Flowers","Robert Marius Reno (Rasmussen) Danish Postcard Collection, 1900-1925","Box 1","/repositories/2/archival_objects/77364"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["e2885e4c7c6f43250d52fc0c","e2885e4c7c6f43250d52fc0c_aspace_6e2da0c2e73708c3674771b91fcc463b"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Robert Marius Reno (Rasmussen) Danish Postcard Collection, 1900-1925","Box 1"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Robert Marius Reno (Rasmussen) Danish Postcard Collection, 1900-1925","Box 1"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Other level"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/2/archival_objects/77364"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Robert Marius Reno (Rasmussen) Danish Postcard Collection, 1900-1925"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":1,"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"sort_isi":46,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The Robert Marius Reno (Rasmussen) Danish Postcard Collection is owned by Florida International University.  This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#2","_nest_parent_":"e2885e4c7c6f43250d52fc0c_aspace_6e2da0c2e73708c3674771b91fcc463b","_root_":"e2885e4c7c6f43250d52fc0c","_version_":1870844431340404736,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T04:31:24.159Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"e2885e4c7c6f43250d52fc0c","title_ssm":["Robert Marius Reno (Rasmussen) Danish Postcard Collection"],"title_tesim":["Robert Marius Reno (Rasmussen) Danish Postcard Collection"],"ead_ssi":"e2885e4c7c6f43250d52fc0c","unitdate_ssm":["1900-1925"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1900-1925"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SPC4010","/repositories/2/resources/110"],"text":["SPC4010","/repositories/2/resources/110","Robert Marius Reno (Rasmussen) Danish Postcard Collection, 1900-1925","Denmark","Danes","Danish Americans","postcards","Denmark--Description and Travel","Drawing--Danish","Drawing--German","Real Photo Postcards","This collection is open for research.","Robert Marius Reno was born on 6 June 1867 in Bred, Vissenbjerg Parish, Odense County, Denmark. He was the father of Henry Olaf Reno and Grandfather of Janet Reno.","He ran a photo atelier in the city of Odense until 1900. Then he moved his business to Ejby and married Lovise Laurine Jensine Larsen, daughter of a station master. He changed his surname on 19 October 1912. Later he changed his first name from Rasmus to Robert.In 1912 he emigrated with his family to the United States from Denmark. They lived in Wisconsin; Bartow, Florida; Tennessee; and finally, in 1923, Miami, Florida. He was a photojournalist for the Miami Herald. He passed in June, 1959 in Miami. ","(Biographical information courtesy of geni.com and the Reno Family Collection)","The materials in this collection represent the subject's work as a photographer and postcard artist/collector in early 20th century Dennmark and Wisconsin.","The Robert Marius Reno (Rasmussen) Danish Postcard Collection is owned by Florida International University.  This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general","FIU Special Collections","Henry Olaf and Jane Wood Reno","English Danish"],"unitid_tesim":["SPC4010","/repositories/2/resources/110"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1900-1925"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Robert Marius Reno (Rasmussen) Danish Postcard Collection, 1900-1925"],"collection_title_tesim":["Robert Marius Reno (Rasmussen) Danish Postcard Collection, 1900-1925"],"collection_ssim":["Robert Marius Reno (Rasmussen) Danish Postcard Collection, 1900-1925"],"repository_ssm":["FIU Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Denmark","Danes","Danish Americans"],"geogname_ssim":["Denmark","Danes","Danish Americans"],"creator_ssm":["Henry Olaf and Jane Wood Reno"],"creator_ssim":["Henry Olaf and Jane Wood Reno"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Henry Olaf and Jane Wood Reno"],"creators_ssim":["Henry Olaf and Jane Wood Reno"],"places_ssim":["Denmark","Danes","Danish Americans"],"access_terms_ssm":["The Robert Marius Reno (Rasmussen) Danish Postcard Collection is owned by Florida International University.  This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Materials were donated by Maggy (Reno) Hurchalla"],"access_subjects_ssim":["postcards","Denmark--Description and Travel","Drawing--Danish","Drawing--German","Real Photo Postcards"],"access_subjects_ssm":["postcards","Denmark--Description and Travel","Drawing--Danish","Drawing--German","Real Photo Postcards"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.42 Linear Feet 1 document case containing 106 items in individual and combined folders","1 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["0.42 Linear Feet 1 document case containing 106 items in individual and combined folders","1 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRobert Marius Reno was born on 6 June 1867 in Bred, Vissenbjerg Parish, Odense County, Denmark. He was the father of Henry Olaf Reno and Grandfather of Janet Reno.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe ran a photo atelier in the city of Odense until 1900. Then he moved his business to Ejby and married Lovise Laurine Jensine Larsen, daughter of a station master. He changed his surname on 19 October 1912. Later he changed his first name from Rasmus to Robert.In 1912 he emigrated with his family to the United States from Denmark. They lived in Wisconsin; Bartow, Florida; Tennessee; and finally, in 1923, Miami, Florida. He was a photojournalist for the Miami Herald. He passed in June, 1959 in Miami. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e(Biographical information courtesy of geni.com and the Reno Family Collection)\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Robert Marius Reno was born on 6 June 1867 in Bred, Vissenbjerg Parish, Odense County, Denmark. He was the father of Henry Olaf Reno and Grandfather of Janet Reno.","He ran a photo atelier in the city of Odense until 1900. Then he moved his business to Ejby and married Lovise Laurine Jensine Larsen, daughter of a station master. He changed his surname on 19 October 1912. Later he changed his first name from Rasmus to Robert.In 1912 he emigrated with his family to the United States from Denmark. They lived in Wisconsin; Bartow, Florida; Tennessee; and finally, in 1923, Miami, Florida. He was a photojournalist for the Miami Herald. He passed in June, 1959 in Miami. ","(Biographical information courtesy of geni.com and the Reno Family Collection)"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this collection represent the subject's work as a photographer and postcard artist/collector in early 20th century Dennmark and Wisconsin.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The materials in this collection represent the subject's work as a photographer and postcard artist/collector in early 20th century Dennmark and Wisconsin."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Robert Marius Reno (Rasmussen) Danish Postcard Collection is owned by Florida International University.  This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Robert Marius Reno (Rasmussen) Danish Postcard Collection is owned by Florida International University.  This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"names_ssim":["FIU Special Collections","Henry Olaf and Jane Wood Reno"],"corpname_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"names_coll_ssim":["Henry Olaf and Jane Wood Reno"],"famname_ssim":["Henry Olaf and Jane Wood Reno"],"language_ssim":["English Danish"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":69,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870844431340404736,"_root_":"e2885e4c7c6f43250d52fc0c","timestamp":"2026-07-16T04:31:24.159Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/e2885e4c7c6f43250d52fc0c_aspace_eae1a4320db1e411f0dfc6d462e6243b"}},{"id":"c5c7a60ad1585ca3dbd593be_aspace_39661ef1a7ddb04ec1a5cd4aae8feac8","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Flowers","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/c5c7a60ad1585ca3dbd593be_aspace_39661ef1a7ddb04ec1a5cd4aae8feac8#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_39661ef1a7ddb04ec1a5cd4aae8feac8","ref_ssm":["aspace_39661ef1a7ddb04ec1a5cd4aae8feac8","aspace_39661ef1a7ddb04ec1a5cd4aae8feac8"],"id":"c5c7a60ad1585ca3dbd593be_aspace_39661ef1a7ddb04ec1a5cd4aae8feac8","title_filing_ssi":"Flowers","title_ssm":["Flowers"],"title_tesim":["Flowers"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Flowers"],"text":["Flowers","Thomas Mack Archives, 1910-2003","/repositories/3/archival_objects/38563","box 7"],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ids_ssim":["c5c7a60ad1585ca3dbd593be"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Thomas Mack Archives, 1910-2003"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Thomas Mack Archives, 1910-2003"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/3/archival_objects/38563"],"repository_ssim":["Thomas B. Mack Florida Citrus Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Thomas Mack Archives, 1910-2003"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":2,"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"sort_isi":91,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the archives' ability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials"],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["This collection is owned by Florida Southern College and is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."],"containers_ssim":["box 7"],"_nest_path_":"/components#11","_nest_parent_":"c5c7a60ad1585ca3dbd593be","_root_":"c5c7a60ad1585ca3dbd593be","_version_":1877193769379430400,"timestamp":"2026-09-24T06:31:24.773Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"c5c7a60ad1585ca3dbd593be","title_ssm":["Thomas Mack Archives"],"title_tesim":["Thomas Mack Archives"],"ead_ssi":"c5c7a60ad1585ca3dbd593be","unitdate_ssm":["1910-2003"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1910-2003"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["CIT1000","/repositories/3/resources/137"],"text":["CIT1000","/repositories/3/resources/137","Thomas Mack Archives, 1910-2003","Citrus fruit industry--Florida--History.","Nurseries (Horticulture)--Florida--History.","Citrus fruits--Diseases and pests--Control","Citrus--Fertilizers--Florida","Citrus fruits--Processing--Florida","Citrus fruits--Marketing--Florida","Citrus fruit industry--By-products","This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the archives' ability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials","Thomas B. Mack never owned a grove or operated a packinghouse, but nevertheless was an integral member of Florida's Citrus community for over half a century. Born in Orangeburg, South Carolina, on October 27, 1914, Mack himself always said that he may have been destined to join the citrus world. His family moved to Florida seven years after his birth, initially landing in Wauchula before finally settling in Plant City. Mack's father was involved in agriculture, managing the Wauchula-based Kilgore Seed Company (later known as the Asgrow Florida Company) during the 1920s.","Mack graduated from Plant City High School in 1933 and entered the University of Florida in 1934 with the intention of becoming a doctor. At the urging of a professor, he abandoned his plan and instead declared himself an Ornamental Horticulture major. In 1937, Mack got married and was forced to drop out of school. He worked with a candy company in Plant City before joining the army at the outbreak of World War II. Mack served throughout the war and returned to the University of Florida in 1946, graduating in 1947 with a degree in Ornamental Horticulture with an emphasis in landscape architecture. Prior to graduation, Mack received offers from Florida Southern College to join in the formation of a new Citrus Department, but he considered the salary too low and declined the offer.","Mack gained employment with the Department of Education in what was dubbed a \"veteran's vocational agriculture\" program, designed to allow veterans to utilize their GI Bill of Rights. He was given control of the citrus aspect of the program despite only having a basic knowledge of the subject, leading to an arrangement with Dr. A.F. Camp of the University of Florida Research Center in Lake Alfred, where Dr. Camp would handle the bulk of the teaching while Mack supervised and handled the more rudimentary tasks. The program benefited Mack as much as the veterans, as he gained five years of experience in the field before the program ended in 1951. In this same year, Mack was once again approached by Florida Southern College, and this time he accepted.","Mack and his colleagues had their work cut out for them, as the college's idea of a vocational program, designed to train students for jobs in the field, rather than a research-based program, was not entirely accepted by those in the collegiate community. Nevertheless, Mack and his peers eventually developed a premier citrus program at the school. Florida Southern had the benefit of having a large amount of grove land on campus, which Mack and his colleagues used extensively. Mack and fellow faculty member Raymond Lyle used their connections as University of Florida graduates to set up opportunities for students to learn at the Research Center in Lake Alfred. In addition to regular full-time students, Mack and his colleagues set up a part-time program where students from within the industry could be sent to be educated in the field, often financially backed by their employers. Mack was most effective at gaining industry support for the citrus program as a whole, even reviving the idea of an advisory board composed of industry leaders, known as the Citrus Advisory Committee.","In 1958, the program gained publicity when it moved into the Polk Science Building, designed by renowned architect Frank Lloyd Wright. Mack was often called upon to act as a P.R. man to visitors and as a campus liaison with Wright himself. He was initially excited to hear of plans for the first Wright-designed greenhouse in the world, but was dismayed to find it essentially useless when it was built almost entirely out of concrete, according to the architect's calculations on light needed for plant growth. This forced Mack to adopt the role of fund raiser, and he eventually raised funds to build a functioning greenhouse, which he cheekily dubbed the \"Frank Lloyd Wright Greenhouse.\" Throughout the remainder of his career, Mack was an effective if sometimes eccentric fund raiser, raising money for an even larger greenhouse and eventually an entirely new citrus building, which he dedicated to one of the primary benefactors, naming it the Jack M. Berry Citrus Building. Mack raised funds for a mini-bus for the department at an alumni dinner in 1978, where he convinced those attending that the doors were locked and they would not be opened until money had been raised.","Mack became chair of the Department in 1971, re-naming it the Citrus Institute. He served in this capacity for ten years, retiring from full-time teaching in 1981. In his honor, a \"Roast Professor Mack Night\" was held, upon which he received a $12,000 retirement gift. He continued teaching on a part-time basis until 1999, earning the title of Professor Emeritus. Throughout his half-century of teaching, Mack had taught many of the current industry leaders.","His retirement in 1999 came about so he could spend more time organizing a citrus archives collection which he had been assembling since 1947, when he first entered the citrus field. Throughout the remainder of his life he collected citrus labels, magazines, text books, photographs, business records, and other forms of citrus memorabilia, eventually amassing the world's largest collection of citrus-related items. Over 60,000 photos and 1,000 labels are present, and many books date to the nineteenth century, including an 1881 copy of Orange Culture. Mack's intention was to create an open source of information for the industry. The Jack M. Berry Citrus building was built with room for the collection, but it eventually outgrew these facilities and had to be moved elsewhere on the Florida Southern campus. The collection currently is housed in the Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay Jr. Archives Center on the Florida Southern campus.","Mack also made a name for himself as a writer. He was dubbed \"Mr. Citrifacts\" for his production of a column called \"Citrifacts,\" which contained random citrus-related trivia. These were later compiled into the books Citrifacts I and Citrifacts II, whose sale benefited Florida Southern College. He also wrote a column called Polk Garden Clinic, where he answered plant-related questions every Saturday for twelve years. He was also a prominent landscaper and community member, once having a day dedicated to him by the city of Lakeland. He was chosen for the honor of building a garden to represent it in the sister-city project with the Japanese city Imabari.","Mack was inducted to the Florida Citrus Hall of Fame in 1997. In 2004, the citrus world said goodbye to one of its most colorful members when Thomas B. Mack passed away due to cancer at the age of 90.\nBiographical Information found via Florida Citrus Hall of Fame website.","This collection contains information ranging from citrus pest biology to citrus products and byproducts.  It has business data on the industry, including individual groves' records, and photographical and historical accounts of citrus varieties and storage techniques.  It contains information on both pests and various pesticides, as well as soil health.  Other, non-citrus plants are included in this horticultural collection.  Lastly, this collection has a record of its own existence in Florida Southern's Archives.","This collection is owned by Florida Southern College and is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).","Thomas B. Mack Florida Citrus Archives","English"],"unitid_tesim":["CIT1000","/repositories/3/resources/137"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1910-2003"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Thomas Mack Archives, 1910-2003"],"collection_title_tesim":["Thomas Mack Archives, 1910-2003"],"collection_ssim":["Thomas Mack Archives, 1910-2003"],"repository_ssm":["Thomas B. Mack Florida Citrus Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Thomas B. Mack Florida Citrus Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["This collection is owned by Florida Southern College and is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was built by Professor Thomas Mack sometime prior to 2002."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Citrus fruit industry--Florida--History.","Nurseries (Horticulture)--Florida--History.","Citrus fruits--Diseases and pests--Control","Citrus--Fertilizers--Florida","Citrus fruits--Processing--Florida","Citrus fruits--Marketing--Florida","Citrus fruit industry--By-products"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Citrus fruit industry--Florida--History.","Nurseries (Horticulture)--Florida--History.","Citrus fruits--Diseases and pests--Control","Citrus--Fertilizers--Florida","Citrus fruits--Processing--Florida","Citrus fruits--Marketing--Florida","Citrus fruit industry--By-products"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3.45 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["3.45 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the archives' ability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the archives' ability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThomas B. Mack never owned a grove or operated a packinghouse, but nevertheless was an integral member of Florida's Citrus community for over half a century. Born in Orangeburg, South Carolina, on October 27, 1914, Mack himself always said that he may have been destined to join the citrus world. His family moved to Florida seven years after his birth, initially landing in Wauchula before finally settling in Plant City. Mack's father was involved in agriculture, managing the Wauchula-based Kilgore Seed Company (later known as the Asgrow Florida Company) during the 1920s.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMack graduated from Plant City High School in 1933 and entered the University of Florida in 1934 with the intention of becoming a doctor. At the urging of a professor, he abandoned his plan and instead declared himself an Ornamental Horticulture major. In 1937, Mack got married and was forced to drop out of school. He worked with a candy company in Plant City before joining the army at the outbreak of World War II. Mack served throughout the war and returned to the University of Florida in 1946, graduating in 1947 with a degree in Ornamental Horticulture with an emphasis in landscape architecture. Prior to graduation, Mack received offers from Florida Southern College to join in the formation of a new Citrus Department, but he considered the salary too low and declined the offer.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMack gained employment with the Department of Education in what was dubbed a \"veteran's vocational agriculture\" program, designed to allow veterans to utilize their GI Bill of Rights. He was given control of the citrus aspect of the program despite only having a basic knowledge of the subject, leading to an arrangement with Dr. A.F. Camp of the University of Florida Research Center in Lake Alfred, where Dr. Camp would handle the bulk of the teaching while Mack supervised and handled the more rudimentary tasks. The program benefited Mack as much as the veterans, as he gained five years of experience in the field before the program ended in 1951. In this same year, Mack was once again approached by Florida Southern College, and this time he accepted.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMack and his colleagues had their work cut out for them, as the college's idea of a vocational program, designed to train students for jobs in the field, rather than a research-based program, was not entirely accepted by those in the collegiate community. Nevertheless, Mack and his peers eventually developed a premier citrus program at the school. Florida Southern had the benefit of having a large amount of grove land on campus, which Mack and his colleagues used extensively. Mack and fellow faculty member Raymond Lyle used their connections as University of Florida graduates to set up opportunities for students to learn at the Research Center in Lake Alfred. In addition to regular full-time students, Mack and his colleagues set up a part-time program where students from within the industry could be sent to be educated in the field, often financially backed by their employers. Mack was most effective at gaining industry support for the citrus program as a whole, even reviving the idea of an advisory board composed of industry leaders, known as the Citrus Advisory Committee.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1958, the program gained publicity when it moved into the Polk Science Building, designed by renowned architect Frank Lloyd Wright. Mack was often called upon to act as a P.R. man to visitors and as a campus liaison with Wright himself. He was initially excited to hear of plans for the first Wright-designed greenhouse in the world, but was dismayed to find it essentially useless when it was built almost entirely out of concrete, according to the architect's calculations on light needed for plant growth. This forced Mack to adopt the role of fund raiser, and he eventually raised funds to build a functioning greenhouse, which he cheekily dubbed the \"Frank Lloyd Wright Greenhouse.\" Throughout the remainder of his career, Mack was an effective if sometimes eccentric fund raiser, raising money for an even larger greenhouse and eventually an entirely new citrus building, which he dedicated to one of the primary benefactors, naming it the Jack M. Berry Citrus Building. Mack raised funds for a mini-bus for the department at an alumni dinner in 1978, where he convinced those attending that the doors were locked and they would not be opened until money had been raised.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMack became chair of the Department in 1971, re-naming it the Citrus Institute. He served in this capacity for ten years, retiring from full-time teaching in 1981. In his honor, a \"Roast Professor Mack Night\" was held, upon which he received a $12,000 retirement gift. He continued teaching on a part-time basis until 1999, earning the title of Professor Emeritus. Throughout his half-century of teaching, Mack had taught many of the current industry leaders.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHis retirement in 1999 came about so he could spend more time organizing a citrus archives collection which he had been assembling since 1947, when he first entered the citrus field. Throughout the remainder of his life he collected citrus labels, magazines, text books, photographs, business records, and other forms of citrus memorabilia, eventually amassing the world's largest collection of citrus-related items. Over 60,000 photos and 1,000 labels are present, and many books date to the nineteenth century, including an 1881 copy of Orange Culture. Mack's intention was to create an open source of information for the industry. The Jack M. Berry Citrus building was built with room for the collection, but it eventually outgrew these facilities and had to be moved elsewhere on the Florida Southern campus. The collection currently is housed in the Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay Jr. Archives Center on the Florida Southern campus.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMack also made a name for himself as a writer. He was dubbed \"Mr. Citrifacts\" for his production of a column called \"Citrifacts,\" which contained random citrus-related trivia. These were later compiled into the books Citrifacts I and Citrifacts II, whose sale benefited Florida Southern College. He also wrote a column called Polk Garden Clinic, where he answered plant-related questions every Saturday for twelve years. He was also a prominent landscaper and community member, once having a day dedicated to him by the city of Lakeland. He was chosen for the honor of building a garden to represent it in the sister-city project with the Japanese city Imabari.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMack was inducted to the Florida Citrus Hall of Fame in 1997. In 2004, the citrus world said goodbye to one of its most colorful members when Thomas B. Mack passed away due to cancer at the age of 90.\nBiographical Information found via Florida Citrus Hall of Fame website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Thomas B. Mack never owned a grove or operated a packinghouse, but nevertheless was an integral member of Florida's Citrus community for over half a century. Born in Orangeburg, South Carolina, on October 27, 1914, Mack himself always said that he may have been destined to join the citrus world. His family moved to Florida seven years after his birth, initially landing in Wauchula before finally settling in Plant City. Mack's father was involved in agriculture, managing the Wauchula-based Kilgore Seed Company (later known as the Asgrow Florida Company) during the 1920s.","Mack graduated from Plant City High School in 1933 and entered the University of Florida in 1934 with the intention of becoming a doctor. At the urging of a professor, he abandoned his plan and instead declared himself an Ornamental Horticulture major. In 1937, Mack got married and was forced to drop out of school. He worked with a candy company in Plant City before joining the army at the outbreak of World War II. Mack served throughout the war and returned to the University of Florida in 1946, graduating in 1947 with a degree in Ornamental Horticulture with an emphasis in landscape architecture. Prior to graduation, Mack received offers from Florida Southern College to join in the formation of a new Citrus Department, but he considered the salary too low and declined the offer.","Mack gained employment with the Department of Education in what was dubbed a \"veteran's vocational agriculture\" program, designed to allow veterans to utilize their GI Bill of Rights. He was given control of the citrus aspect of the program despite only having a basic knowledge of the subject, leading to an arrangement with Dr. A.F. Camp of the University of Florida Research Center in Lake Alfred, where Dr. Camp would handle the bulk of the teaching while Mack supervised and handled the more rudimentary tasks. The program benefited Mack as much as the veterans, as he gained five years of experience in the field before the program ended in 1951. In this same year, Mack was once again approached by Florida Southern College, and this time he accepted.","Mack and his colleagues had their work cut out for them, as the college's idea of a vocational program, designed to train students for jobs in the field, rather than a research-based program, was not entirely accepted by those in the collegiate community. Nevertheless, Mack and his peers eventually developed a premier citrus program at the school. Florida Southern had the benefit of having a large amount of grove land on campus, which Mack and his colleagues used extensively. Mack and fellow faculty member Raymond Lyle used their connections as University of Florida graduates to set up opportunities for students to learn at the Research Center in Lake Alfred. In addition to regular full-time students, Mack and his colleagues set up a part-time program where students from within the industry could be sent to be educated in the field, often financially backed by their employers. Mack was most effective at gaining industry support for the citrus program as a whole, even reviving the idea of an advisory board composed of industry leaders, known as the Citrus Advisory Committee.","In 1958, the program gained publicity when it moved into the Polk Science Building, designed by renowned architect Frank Lloyd Wright. Mack was often called upon to act as a P.R. man to visitors and as a campus liaison with Wright himself. He was initially excited to hear of plans for the first Wright-designed greenhouse in the world, but was dismayed to find it essentially useless when it was built almost entirely out of concrete, according to the architect's calculations on light needed for plant growth. This forced Mack to adopt the role of fund raiser, and he eventually raised funds to build a functioning greenhouse, which he cheekily dubbed the \"Frank Lloyd Wright Greenhouse.\" Throughout the remainder of his career, Mack was an effective if sometimes eccentric fund raiser, raising money for an even larger greenhouse and eventually an entirely new citrus building, which he dedicated to one of the primary benefactors, naming it the Jack M. Berry Citrus Building. Mack raised funds for a mini-bus for the department at an alumni dinner in 1978, where he convinced those attending that the doors were locked and they would not be opened until money had been raised.","Mack became chair of the Department in 1971, re-naming it the Citrus Institute. He served in this capacity for ten years, retiring from full-time teaching in 1981. In his honor, a \"Roast Professor Mack Night\" was held, upon which he received a $12,000 retirement gift. He continued teaching on a part-time basis until 1999, earning the title of Professor Emeritus. Throughout his half-century of teaching, Mack had taught many of the current industry leaders.","His retirement in 1999 came about so he could spend more time organizing a citrus archives collection which he had been assembling since 1947, when he first entered the citrus field. Throughout the remainder of his life he collected citrus labels, magazines, text books, photographs, business records, and other forms of citrus memorabilia, eventually amassing the world's largest collection of citrus-related items. Over 60,000 photos and 1,000 labels are present, and many books date to the nineteenth century, including an 1881 copy of Orange Culture. Mack's intention was to create an open source of information for the industry. The Jack M. Berry Citrus building was built with room for the collection, but it eventually outgrew these facilities and had to be moved elsewhere on the Florida Southern campus. The collection currently is housed in the Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay Jr. Archives Center on the Florida Southern campus.","Mack also made a name for himself as a writer. He was dubbed \"Mr. Citrifacts\" for his production of a column called \"Citrifacts,\" which contained random citrus-related trivia. These were later compiled into the books Citrifacts I and Citrifacts II, whose sale benefited Florida Southern College. He also wrote a column called Polk Garden Clinic, where he answered plant-related questions every Saturday for twelve years. He was also a prominent landscaper and community member, once having a day dedicated to him by the city of Lakeland. He was chosen for the honor of building a garden to represent it in the sister-city project with the Japanese city Imabari.","Mack was inducted to the Florida Citrus Hall of Fame in 1997. In 2004, the citrus world said goodbye to one of its most colorful members when Thomas B. Mack passed away due to cancer at the age of 90.\nBiographical Information found via Florida Citrus Hall of Fame website."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains information ranging from citrus pest biology to citrus products and byproducts.  It has business data on the industry, including individual groves' records, and photographical and historical accounts of citrus varieties and storage techniques.  It contains information on both pests and various pesticides, as well as soil health.  Other, non-citrus plants are included in this horticultural collection.  Lastly, this collection has a record of its own existence in Florida Southern's Archives.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains information ranging from citrus pest biology to citrus products and byproducts.  It has business data on the industry, including individual groves' records, and photographical and historical accounts of citrus varieties and storage techniques.  It contains information on both pests and various pesticides, as well as soil health.  Other, non-citrus plants are included in this horticultural collection.  Lastly, this collection has a record of its own existence in Florida Southern's Archives."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is owned by Florida Southern College and is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["This collection is owned by Florida Southern College and is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."],"names_ssim":["Thomas B. Mack Florida Citrus Archives"],"corpname_ssim":["Thomas B. Mack Florida Citrus Archives"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":194,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1877193769379430400,"_root_":"c5c7a60ad1585ca3dbd593be","timestamp":"2026-09-24T06:31:24.773Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/c5c7a60ad1585ca3dbd593be_aspace_39661ef1a7ddb04ec1a5cd4aae8feac8"}},{"id":"731b674a396f199a6d388d63_aspace_da746b8113ba8dbcb5cce71241459c57","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Fluoridation of Water","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/731b674a396f199a6d388d63_aspace_da746b8113ba8dbcb5cce71241459c57#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_da746b8113ba8dbcb5cce71241459c57","ref_ssm":["aspace_da746b8113ba8dbcb5cce71241459c57","aspace_da746b8113ba8dbcb5cce71241459c57"],"id":"731b674a396f199a6d388d63_aspace_da746b8113ba8dbcb5cce71241459c57","title_filing_ssi":"Fluoridation of Water","title_ssm":["Fluoridation of Water"],"title_tesim":["Fluoridation of Water"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Fluoridation of Water"],"text":["Fluoridation of Water","Congressman James A. Haley Collection, 1948-1977","U.S. Congressional Papers","/repositories/2/archival_objects/27266","box 147"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["731b674a396f199a6d388d63","731b674a396f199a6d388d63_aspace_5741d34efd25f269c0c7a777de774a22"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Congressman James A. Haley Collection, 1948-1977","U.S. Congressional Papers"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Congressman James A. Haley Collection, 1948-1977","U.S. Congressional Papers"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Subgroup"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/2/archival_objects/27266"],"repository_ssim":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Congressman James A. Haley Collection, 1948-1977"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":1,"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"sort_isi":1793,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to\nunprocessed born digital materials."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The Congressman James A. Haley Papers are owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by\nthe copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Please inquire if you have questions -\narchives@flsouthern.edu. ","Constituent Correspondence files are restricted from publication until 2052"],"containers_ssim":["box 147"],"_nest_path_":"/components#4/components#200","_nest_parent_":"731b674a396f199a6d388d63_aspace_5741d34efd25f269c0c7a777de774a22","_root_":"731b674a396f199a6d388d63","_version_":1875924461057736704,"timestamp":"2026-09-10T06:16:17.977Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"731b674a396f199a6d388d63","title_ssm":["Congressman James A. Haley Collection"],"title_tesim":["Congressman James A. Haley Collection"],"ead_ssi":"731b674a396f199a6d388d63","unitdate_ssm":["1948-1977"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1948-1977"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS1040","/repositories/2/resources/17"],"text":["MS1040","/repositories/2/resources/17","Congressman James A. Haley Collection, 1948-1977","Washington D.C.","Florida--Politics","Lakeland and Polk County Politics","United States. Congress","House of Representatives--Florida--State Legislature","Circus--management","Correspondence","Clippings","Speeches","This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to\nunprocessed born digital materials.","The materials in this collection were maintained by the subject's staff by issue and date. With some modifications allowing for clarity, they have been arranged in a similar fashion. However, you will find that individual issues may appear under multiple subject headings. For example, \"Watergate\" may\nappear under its own heading as well as under \"Richard Nixon\" or \"Nixon Administration.\" Please note that even though the files are arranged by issue, some correspondence might also be located in \"catch-all\" categories such as \"Haley Bills: Master File: 83rd Congress: 1953-1954,\"\n\"Correspondence: 19XX,\" to use but two examples.","James A. Haley, as chairman of the House Interior Committee during the 1970s, was instrumental in the creation of Big Cypress National Preserve. Franklin Adams lobbied for the establishment of the Big Cypress National Preserve along with many other environmental issues. The Franklin Adams Papers are housed at Florida International University. The Franklin Adams Collection, SPC9000, at Florida International University, Miami. ","James Andrew Haley (January 4, 1899 – August 6, 1981) was a U.S. Representative from Florida. Born in Jacksonville, Alabama, Haley attended the public schools and the University of Alabama. He served in the U.S. Army during World War I, and saw combat in France. He was an accountant in Sarasota, Florida, from 1920 to 1933 and served as general manager of the John Ringling estate from 1933 to 1943.\nOn December 4, 1942, Haley married Aubrey Ringling (née Aubrey Barlow Black), the widow of Richard T. Ringling who had died in 1931. Richard Ringling was the son of one of the original Ringling brothers. From 1943 to 1945, he was the first vice president of Ringling Circus and president and\ndirector of Ringling Brothers, Barnum \u0026 Bailey. In 1944, a fire broke out at a Ringling Circus show in Hartford, Connecticut that killed 169 persons. As a result of the fire he and five other circus officials pleaded no contest to charges of involuntary manslaughter and were sentenced to prison. He served\neight months and in 1945 was returned to Florida, where he received a pardon from Governor Millard F. Caldwell. Upon his release from prison, Haley again served as president and director for the Ringling Bros. and Barnum and Bailey Circus of Sarasota from 1946 to 1948. He engaged in newspaper publishing and\nlater in general printing business. He served as chairman of the Democratic Executive Committee of Sarasota County 1935–1952. He was elected and served as member of the Florida House of Representatives from 1949 to 1952. He was a delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1952, 1956, and 1960.\nHaley was elected as a Democrat to the Eighty-third and to the eleven succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1953 – January 3, 1977). He was a member of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, the Hospital Subcommittee of the Veterans Affair Committee, and the Indian Affairs Subcommittee. He served as chairman of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs (Ninety-third\nand Ninety-fourth Congresses). Haley was not a candidate for reelection to the Ninety-fifth Congress in 1976.","Haley died in Sarasota on August 6, 1981 and was interred in Boca Raton Cemetery in Boca Raton,FL. The James A. Haley Veterans Hospital located in Tampa is named for him. ","Sources: U.S. House of Representatives Official Biography and Haley Papers biographical data, 2018","The James A. Haley Papers consist of his personal and political papers. Correspondence, clippings, newsletters, photographs, congressional reports, and awards from various civic and political organizations give insight into Haley's public interests. Photographs of his wife, the Circus and political\naffiliates uncover the many facets of Haley's life. A limited amount of biographical information, including news articles about his death, reflect on how this public figure kept his private life private. Of note is the\nseries about the Hartford Circus fire. ","The Papers are arranged in five collections: Personal, Hartford Circus Fire, Political, Florida House of Representatives, and U.S. Congressional.","The Personal papers, arranged alphabetically by format, consists of calendars, correspondence, newsletters, photographs, awards and other ephemera giving a broad look into Haley's life in and out of office. A limited amount of biographical information, including news articles about his death, is included.","Haley Papers\nCorrespondence, newsletters, and awards from various civic and political organizations show the range of Haley's public interests while the invitations he accepted give a sense of the social life of a congressman in the 1950s-1970s. Congratulatory messages may give insight into who he counted\namong his political allies. The correspondence in this series, 1940-1981, the bulk of which are letters from Haley's time in the U.S. House of Representative (1953-1976) is of a general nature and may not be of a specific topic, but often must still be viewed as official. Since Haley was a public figure, the materials in this series should be viewed in the context that public figures kept their private life private.","The ephemera is mostly three-dimensional objects from Haley's office. The photographs within this series are also generally of an official nature. They are arranged by subject. Of particular note are the\nphotographs of Haley with several U.S. Presidents. Please see a digital exhibit at\nhttp://www.flsouthern.edu/library/mckay-archives/digital-exhibits/haley-presidents.aspx.","The Hartford Circus Fire collection encompasses documentation of the burning of a tent at the Ringling Bros. and Barnum \u0026 Baily Circus in Hartford, Connecticut on July 6, 1944, the loss of 150 lives, and the resulting trial. As first vice president of the Company, James A. Haley took responsibility, was found\nguilty of manslaughter, and served time in a federal prison. The documentation is comprised of, but not limited to, correspondence, news clippings, financial documents and court records. Correspondence takes the form of letters and telegrams with topics between Haley and staff and Haley and lawyers about what happened in the fire and with the trial. There are also letters to Haley while he is in jail, mostly regarding his personal health and welfare. There are extensive newspaper clippings about the fire and the trial. Corporate information includes circus routes, minutes and by-laws. The financial documents are extensive and record the financial standing of the circus, while Court Records consist of trial scripts, pleas, and scripts from the parole hearing. Anyone searching for general understanding of the events of the fire should look at the newspapers, and then the letters and telegrams.","The Political Papers collection concerns Haley's campaigns and party work. As a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, Haley was up for reelection every two years. The Campaign Files sub-series contains correspondence, government records, news articles, and other documents related to the subject's political campaigns between 1952 and 1974. Of special interest are the endorsements which how where and from whom he received his political support from.","The Democratic Party sub-collection reflects the subject's involvement with his political party. He served as a delegate to several Democratic National Conventions over the course of his career. He also took an interest in other political races throughout Florida and the nation. This series contains correspondence and newspaper articles concerning elections not specific to the subject, as well as general party information for candidates and booklets produced for the conventions.","The Florida House of Representatives collection encompass Haley's career as the State Representative for Sarasota County in the Florida House of Representatives. Haley held this office from 1948-1952. The materials are arranged in as logical order as possible. There was no discernable order prior to processing as the materials had been housed and rehoused several times since they were donated to the college. Of special note are the materials related to the Haley Committee Investigating Crime, which investigated political corruption and organized crime in the state. The collection also includes materials concerning state issues of the day, as well as issues specific to Sarasota County. Additionally, there are reference materials used by the subject in the performance of his duties. The Haley Committee on Investigating Crime sub-series contains transcripts of hearings, proceedings,\ncorrespondence, and news articles related to this committee, while the Issues sub-series is arranged Haley Papers\nalphabetically and contains correspondence, legislation, news articles, and reference material related to the respective issue. The Reference sub-series contain Florida House and Senate Bill Summaries, Legislative calendars, House and Senate Journals, and roll call votes. And, the Sarasota District subseries contain correspondence, reference materials, and news articles related specifically to that district.","The U.S. Congressional Papers, the largest collection, comprise the political aspects of Haley's US congressional career. The materials are arranged in alphabetical order created by his office. Haley held a seat representing the southwest coast and heartland of Florida from 1953-1977. The materials in this\nseries contain correspondence, articles, government documents, and photographs; they cover nearly every major issue to confront the United States during the 1950s through the 1970s. Of special note is the constituent correspondence, which are letters from citizens to Haley asking for information or help on a variety of topics. Letters and telegrams sent to Haley by citizens in his district give a sense of the\nviews of the general public concerning the issues of the era. Haley's views are expressed in his replies. The materials are arranged alphabetically by issue and date. This arrangement closely corresponds to how they were filed in the subject's office. Please note that even though the files are arranged by issue, some correspondence might also be located in \"catch-all\" categories such as \"Haley Bills: Master File: 83rd Congress: 1953-1954,\"\n\"Correspondence: 19XX,\" to use but two examples. ","The Congressman James A. Haley Papers are owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by\nthe copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Please inquire if you have questions -\narchives@flsouthern.edu. ","Constituent Correspondence files are restricted from publication until 2052","The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections","Haley, James A., Congressman ","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS1040","/repositories/2/resources/17"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1948-1977"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Congressman James A. Haley Collection, 1948-1977"],"collection_title_tesim":["Congressman James A. Haley Collection, 1948-1977"],"collection_ssim":["Congressman James A. Haley Collection, 1948-1977"],"repository_ssm":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections"],"repository_ssim":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Washington D.C."],"geogname_ssim":["Washington D.C."],"creator_ssm":["Haley, James A., Congressman "],"creator_ssim":["Haley, James A., Congressman "],"creator_persname_ssim":["Haley, James A., Congressman "],"creators_ssim":["Haley, James A., Congressman "],"places_ssim":["Washington D.C."],"access_terms_ssm":["The Congressman James A. Haley Papers are owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by\nthe copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Please inquire if you have questions -\narchives@flsouthern.edu. ","Constituent Correspondence files are restricted from publication until 2052"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Florida--Politics","Lakeland and Polk County Politics","United States. Congress","House of Representatives--Florida--State Legislature","Circus--management","Correspondence","Clippings","Speeches"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Florida--Politics","Lakeland and Polk County Politics","United States. Congress","House of Representatives--Florida--State Legislature","Circus--management","Correspondence","Clippings","Speeches"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["150 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["150 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Clippings","Speeches"],"date_range_isim":[1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to\nunprocessed born digital materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to\nunprocessed born digital materials."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this collection were maintained by the subject's staff by issue and date. With some modifications allowing for clarity, they have been arranged in a similar fashion. However, you will find that individual issues may appear under multiple subject headings. For example, \"Watergate\" may\nappear under its own heading as well as under \"Richard Nixon\" or \"Nixon Administration.\" Please note that even though the files are arranged by issue, some correspondence might also be located in \"catch-all\" categories such as \"Haley Bills: Master File: 83rd Congress: 1953-1954,\"\n\"Correspondence: 19XX,\" to use but two examples.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJames A. Haley, as chairman of the House Interior Committee during the 1970s, was instrumental in the creation of Big Cypress National Preserve. Franklin Adams lobbied for the establishment of the Big Cypress National Preserve along with many other environmental issues. The Franklin Adams Papers are housed at Florida International University. The Franklin Adams Collection, SPC9000, at Florida International University, Miami. \u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The materials in this collection were maintained by the subject's staff by issue and date. With some modifications allowing for clarity, they have been arranged in a similar fashion. However, you will find that individual issues may appear under multiple subject headings. For example, \"Watergate\" may\nappear under its own heading as well as under \"Richard Nixon\" or \"Nixon Administration.\" Please note that even though the files are arranged by issue, some correspondence might also be located in \"catch-all\" categories such as \"Haley Bills: Master File: 83rd Congress: 1953-1954,\"\n\"Correspondence: 19XX,\" to use but two examples.","James A. Haley, as chairman of the House Interior Committee during the 1970s, was instrumental in the creation of Big Cypress National Preserve. Franklin Adams lobbied for the establishment of the Big Cypress National Preserve along with many other environmental issues. The Franklin Adams Papers are housed at Florida International University. The Franklin Adams Collection, SPC9000, at Florida International University, Miami. "],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames Andrew Haley (January 4, 1899 \u0026#x2013; August 6, 1981) was a U.S. Representative from Florida. Born in Jacksonville, Alabama, Haley attended the public schools and the University of Alabama. He served in the U.S. Army during World War I, and saw combat in France. He was an accountant in Sarasota, Florida, from 1920 to 1933 and served as general manager of the John Ringling estate from 1933 to 1943.\nOn December 4, 1942, Haley married Aubrey Ringling (n\u0026#xE9;e Aubrey Barlow Black), the widow of Richard T. Ringling who had died in 1931. Richard Ringling was the son of one of the original Ringling brothers. From 1943 to 1945, he was the first vice president of Ringling Circus and president and\ndirector of Ringling Brothers, Barnum \u0026amp; Bailey. In 1944, a fire broke out at a Ringling Circus show in Hartford, Connecticut that killed 169 persons. As a result of the fire he and five other circus officials pleaded no contest to charges of involuntary manslaughter and were sentenced to prison. He served\neight months and in 1945 was returned to Florida, where he received a pardon from Governor Millard F. Caldwell. Upon his release from prison, Haley again served as president and director for the Ringling Bros. and Barnum and Bailey Circus of Sarasota from 1946 to 1948. He engaged in newspaper publishing and\nlater in general printing business. He served as chairman of the Democratic Executive Committee of Sarasota County 1935\u0026#x2013;1952. He was elected and served as member of the Florida House of Representatives from 1949 to 1952. He was a delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1952, 1956, and 1960.\nHaley was elected as a Democrat to the Eighty-third and to the eleven succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1953 \u0026#x2013; January 3, 1977). He was a member of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, the Hospital Subcommittee of the Veterans Affair Committee, and the Indian Affairs Subcommittee. He served as chairman of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs (Ninety-third\nand Ninety-fourth Congresses). Haley was not a candidate for reelection to the Ninety-fifth Congress in 1976.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHaley died in Sarasota on August 6, 1981 and was interred in Boca Raton Cemetery in Boca Raton,FL. The James A. Haley Veterans Hospital located in Tampa is named for him. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources: U.S. House of Representatives Official Biography and Haley Papers biographical data, 2018\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["James Andrew Haley (January 4, 1899 – August 6, 1981) was a U.S. Representative from Florida. Born in Jacksonville, Alabama, Haley attended the public schools and the University of Alabama. He served in the U.S. Army during World War I, and saw combat in France. He was an accountant in Sarasota, Florida, from 1920 to 1933 and served as general manager of the John Ringling estate from 1933 to 1943.\nOn December 4, 1942, Haley married Aubrey Ringling (née Aubrey Barlow Black), the widow of Richard T. Ringling who had died in 1931. Richard Ringling was the son of one of the original Ringling brothers. From 1943 to 1945, he was the first vice president of Ringling Circus and president and\ndirector of Ringling Brothers, Barnum \u0026 Bailey. In 1944, a fire broke out at a Ringling Circus show in Hartford, Connecticut that killed 169 persons. As a result of the fire he and five other circus officials pleaded no contest to charges of involuntary manslaughter and were sentenced to prison. He served\neight months and in 1945 was returned to Florida, where he received a pardon from Governor Millard F. Caldwell. Upon his release from prison, Haley again served as president and director for the Ringling Bros. and Barnum and Bailey Circus of Sarasota from 1946 to 1948. He engaged in newspaper publishing and\nlater in general printing business. He served as chairman of the Democratic Executive Committee of Sarasota County 1935–1952. He was elected and served as member of the Florida House of Representatives from 1949 to 1952. He was a delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1952, 1956, and 1960.\nHaley was elected as a Democrat to the Eighty-third and to the eleven succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1953 – January 3, 1977). He was a member of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, the Hospital Subcommittee of the Veterans Affair Committee, and the Indian Affairs Subcommittee. He served as chairman of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs (Ninety-third\nand Ninety-fourth Congresses). Haley was not a candidate for reelection to the Ninety-fifth Congress in 1976.","Haley died in Sarasota on August 6, 1981 and was interred in Boca Raton Cemetery in Boca Raton,FL. The James A. Haley Veterans Hospital located in Tampa is named for him. ","Sources: U.S. House of Representatives Official Biography and Haley Papers biographical data, 2018"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe James A. Haley Papers consist of his personal and political papers. Correspondence, clippings, newsletters, photographs, congressional reports, and awards from various civic and political organizations give insight into Haley's public interests. Photographs of his wife, the Circus and political\naffiliates uncover the many facets of Haley's life. A limited amount of biographical information, including news articles about his death, reflect on how this public figure kept his private life private. Of note is the\nseries about the Hartford Circus fire. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Papers are arranged in five collections: Personal, Hartford Circus Fire, Political, Florida House of Representatives, and U.S. Congressional.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Personal papers, arranged alphabetically by format, consists of calendars, correspondence, newsletters, photographs, awards and other ephemera giving a broad look into Haley's life in and out of office. A limited amount of biographical information, including news articles about his death, is included.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHaley Papers\nCorrespondence, newsletters, and awards from various civic and political organizations show the range of Haley's public interests while the invitations he accepted give a sense of the social life of a congressman in the 1950s-1970s. Congratulatory messages may give insight into who he counted\namong his political allies. The correspondence in this series, 1940-1981, the bulk of which are letters from Haley's time in the U.S. House of Representative (1953-1976) is of a general nature and may not be of a specific topic, but often must still be viewed as official. Since Haley was a public figure, the materials in this series should be viewed in the context that public figures kept their private life private.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe ephemera is mostly three-dimensional objects from Haley's office. The photographs within this series are also generally of an official nature. They are arranged by subject. Of particular note are the\nphotographs of Haley with several U.S. Presidents. Please see a digital exhibit at\nhttp://www.flsouthern.edu/library/mckay-archives/digital-exhibits/haley-presidents.aspx.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Hartford Circus Fire collection encompasses documentation of the burning of a tent at the Ringling Bros. and Barnum \u0026amp; Baily Circus in Hartford, Connecticut on July 6, 1944, the loss of 150 lives, and the resulting trial. As first vice president of the Company, James A. Haley took responsibility, was found\nguilty of manslaughter, and served time in a federal prison. The documentation is comprised of, but not limited to, correspondence, news clippings, financial documents and court records. Correspondence takes the form of letters and telegrams with topics between Haley and staff and Haley and lawyers about what happened in the fire and with the trial. There are also letters to Haley while he is in jail, mostly regarding his personal health and welfare. There are extensive newspaper clippings about the fire and the trial. Corporate information includes circus routes, minutes and by-laws. The financial documents are extensive and record the financial standing of the circus, while Court Records consist of trial scripts, pleas, and scripts from the parole hearing. Anyone searching for general understanding of the events of the fire should look at the newspapers, and then the letters and telegrams.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Political Papers collection concerns Haley's campaigns and party work. As a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, Haley was up for reelection every two years. The Campaign Files sub-series contains correspondence, government records, news articles, and other documents related to the subject's political campaigns between 1952 and 1974. Of special interest are the endorsements which how where and from whom he received his political support from.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Democratic Party sub-collection reflects the subject's involvement with his political party. He served as a delegate to several Democratic National Conventions over the course of his career. He also took an interest in other political races throughout Florida and the nation. This series contains correspondence and newspaper articles concerning elections not specific to the subject, as well as general party information for candidates and booklets produced for the conventions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Florida House of Representatives collection encompass Haley's career as the State Representative for Sarasota County in the Florida House of Representatives. Haley held this office from 1948-1952. The materials are arranged in as logical order as possible. There was no discernable order prior to processing as the materials had been housed and rehoused several times since they were donated to the college. Of special note are the materials related to the Haley Committee Investigating Crime, which investigated political corruption and organized crime in the state. The collection also includes materials concerning state issues of the day, as well as issues specific to Sarasota County. Additionally, there are reference materials used by the subject in the performance of his duties. The Haley Committee on Investigating Crime sub-series contains transcripts of hearings, proceedings,\ncorrespondence, and news articles related to this committee, while the Issues sub-series is arranged Haley Papers\nalphabetically and contains correspondence, legislation, news articles, and reference material related to the respective issue. The Reference sub-series contain Florida House and Senate Bill Summaries, Legislative calendars, House and Senate Journals, and roll call votes. And, the Sarasota District subseries contain correspondence, reference materials, and news articles related specifically to that district.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. Congressional Papers, the largest collection, comprise the political aspects of Haley's US congressional career. The materials are arranged in alphabetical order created by his office. Haley held a seat representing the southwest coast and heartland of Florida from 1953-1977. The materials in this\nseries contain correspondence, articles, government documents, and photographs; they cover nearly every major issue to confront the United States during the 1950s through the 1970s. Of special note is the constituent correspondence, which are letters from citizens to Haley asking for information or help on a variety of topics. Letters and telegrams sent to Haley by citizens in his district give a sense of the\nviews of the general public concerning the issues of the era. Haley's views are expressed in his replies. The materials are arranged alphabetically by issue and date. This arrangement closely corresponds to how they were filed in the subject's office. Please note that even though the files are arranged by issue, some correspondence might also be located in \"catch-all\" categories such as \"Haley Bills: Master File: 83rd Congress: 1953-1954,\"\n\"Correspondence: 19XX,\" to use but two examples. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The James A. Haley Papers consist of his personal and political papers. Correspondence, clippings, newsletters, photographs, congressional reports, and awards from various civic and political organizations give insight into Haley's public interests. Photographs of his wife, the Circus and political\naffiliates uncover the many facets of Haley's life. A limited amount of biographical information, including news articles about his death, reflect on how this public figure kept his private life private. Of note is the\nseries about the Hartford Circus fire. ","The Papers are arranged in five collections: Personal, Hartford Circus Fire, Political, Florida House of Representatives, and U.S. Congressional.","The Personal papers, arranged alphabetically by format, consists of calendars, correspondence, newsletters, photographs, awards and other ephemera giving a broad look into Haley's life in and out of office. A limited amount of biographical information, including news articles about his death, is included.","Haley Papers\nCorrespondence, newsletters, and awards from various civic and political organizations show the range of Haley's public interests while the invitations he accepted give a sense of the social life of a congressman in the 1950s-1970s. Congratulatory messages may give insight into who he counted\namong his political allies. The correspondence in this series, 1940-1981, the bulk of which are letters from Haley's time in the U.S. House of Representative (1953-1976) is of a general nature and may not be of a specific topic, but often must still be viewed as official. Since Haley was a public figure, the materials in this series should be viewed in the context that public figures kept their private life private.","The ephemera is mostly three-dimensional objects from Haley's office. The photographs within this series are also generally of an official nature. They are arranged by subject. Of particular note are the\nphotographs of Haley with several U.S. Presidents. Please see a digital exhibit at\nhttp://www.flsouthern.edu/library/mckay-archives/digital-exhibits/haley-presidents.aspx.","The Hartford Circus Fire collection encompasses documentation of the burning of a tent at the Ringling Bros. and Barnum \u0026 Baily Circus in Hartford, Connecticut on July 6, 1944, the loss of 150 lives, and the resulting trial. As first vice president of the Company, James A. Haley took responsibility, was found\nguilty of manslaughter, and served time in a federal prison. The documentation is comprised of, but not limited to, correspondence, news clippings, financial documents and court records. Correspondence takes the form of letters and telegrams with topics between Haley and staff and Haley and lawyers about what happened in the fire and with the trial. There are also letters to Haley while he is in jail, mostly regarding his personal health and welfare. There are extensive newspaper clippings about the fire and the trial. Corporate information includes circus routes, minutes and by-laws. The financial documents are extensive and record the financial standing of the circus, while Court Records consist of trial scripts, pleas, and scripts from the parole hearing. Anyone searching for general understanding of the events of the fire should look at the newspapers, and then the letters and telegrams.","The Political Papers collection concerns Haley's campaigns and party work. As a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, Haley was up for reelection every two years. The Campaign Files sub-series contains correspondence, government records, news articles, and other documents related to the subject's political campaigns between 1952 and 1974. Of special interest are the endorsements which how where and from whom he received his political support from.","The Democratic Party sub-collection reflects the subject's involvement with his political party. He served as a delegate to several Democratic National Conventions over the course of his career. He also took an interest in other political races throughout Florida and the nation. This series contains correspondence and newspaper articles concerning elections not specific to the subject, as well as general party information for candidates and booklets produced for the conventions.","The Florida House of Representatives collection encompass Haley's career as the State Representative for Sarasota County in the Florida House of Representatives. Haley held this office from 1948-1952. The materials are arranged in as logical order as possible. There was no discernable order prior to processing as the materials had been housed and rehoused several times since they were donated to the college. Of special note are the materials related to the Haley Committee Investigating Crime, which investigated political corruption and organized crime in the state. The collection also includes materials concerning state issues of the day, as well as issues specific to Sarasota County. Additionally, there are reference materials used by the subject in the performance of his duties. The Haley Committee on Investigating Crime sub-series contains transcripts of hearings, proceedings,\ncorrespondence, and news articles related to this committee, while the Issues sub-series is arranged Haley Papers\nalphabetically and contains correspondence, legislation, news articles, and reference material related to the respective issue. The Reference sub-series contain Florida House and Senate Bill Summaries, Legislative calendars, House and Senate Journals, and roll call votes. And, the Sarasota District subseries contain correspondence, reference materials, and news articles related specifically to that district.","The U.S. Congressional Papers, the largest collection, comprise the political aspects of Haley's US congressional career. The materials are arranged in alphabetical order created by his office. Haley held a seat representing the southwest coast and heartland of Florida from 1953-1977. The materials in this\nseries contain correspondence, articles, government documents, and photographs; they cover nearly every major issue to confront the United States during the 1950s through the 1970s. Of special note is the constituent correspondence, which are letters from citizens to Haley asking for information or help on a variety of topics. Letters and telegrams sent to Haley by citizens in his district give a sense of the\nviews of the general public concerning the issues of the era. Haley's views are expressed in his replies. The materials are arranged alphabetically by issue and date. This arrangement closely corresponds to how they were filed in the subject's office. Please note that even though the files are arranged by issue, some correspondence might also be located in \"catch-all\" categories such as \"Haley Bills: Master File: 83rd Congress: 1953-1954,\"\n\"Correspondence: 19XX,\" to use but two examples. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Congressman James A. Haley Papers are owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by\nthe copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Please inquire if you have questions -\narchives@flsouthern.edu. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eConstituent Correspondence files are restricted from publication until 2052\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Congressman James A. Haley Papers are owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by\nthe copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Please inquire if you have questions -\narchives@flsouthern.edu. ","Constituent Correspondence files are restricted from publication until 2052"],"names_ssim":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections","Haley, James A., Congressman "],"corpname_ssim":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Haley, James A., Congressman "],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":4376,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1875924461057736704,"_root_":"731b674a396f199a6d388d63","timestamp":"2026-09-10T06:16:17.977Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/731b674a396f199a6d388d63_aspace_da746b8113ba8dbcb5cce71241459c57"}},{"id":"867c08d3c1202bcdd297a734_aspace_3b210a1182277cc90a78b87cfa1cbfb5","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Flyers and Brochures, 1997-2002","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/867c08d3c1202bcdd297a734_aspace_3b210a1182277cc90a78b87cfa1cbfb5#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eThis series contains flyers for events with patron evaluations as well as other flyers with various events at the Von D. Mizell Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/867c08d3c1202bcdd297a734_aspace_3b210a1182277cc90a78b87cfa1cbfb5#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_3b210a1182277cc90a78b87cfa1cbfb5","ref_ssm":["aspace_3b210a1182277cc90a78b87cfa1cbfb5","aspace_3b210a1182277cc90a78b87cfa1cbfb5"],"id":"867c08d3c1202bcdd297a734_aspace_3b210a1182277cc90a78b87cfa1cbfb5","title_filing_ssi":"Flyers and Brochures","title_ssm":["Flyers and Brochures"],"title_tesim":["Flyers and Brochures"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1997-2002"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1997-2002"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Flyers and Brochures, 1997-2002"],"text":["Flyers and Brochures, 1997-2002","Von D. Mizell Library Collection, Circa 1964-1985","/repositories/2/archival_objects/5742","box 1","folder 5","This series contains flyers for events with patron evaluations as well as other flyers with various events at the Von D. Mizell Library."],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ids_ssim":["867c08d3c1202bcdd297a734"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Von D. Mizell Library Collection, Circa 1964-1985"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Von D. Mizell Library Collection, Circa 1964-1985"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/2/archival_objects/5742"],"repository_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Von D. Mizell Library Collection, Circa 1964-1985"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"sort_isi":6,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The Von D. Mizell Library Collection is open for research."],"date_range_isim":[1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002],"containers_ssim":["box 1","folder 5"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis series contains flyers for events with patron evaluations as well as other flyers with various events at the Von D. Mizell Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This series contains flyers for events with patron evaluations as well as other flyers with various events at the Von D. Mizell Library."],"_nest_path_":"/components#2","_nest_parent_":"867c08d3c1202bcdd297a734","_root_":"867c08d3c1202bcdd297a734","timestamp":"2026-07-02T01:31:34.008Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"867c08d3c1202bcdd297a734","title_filing_ssi":"Von D. Mizell Library Collection","title_ssm":["Von D. Mizell Library Collection"],"title_tesim":["Von D. Mizell Library Collection"],"ead_ssi":"867c08d3c1202bcdd297a734","unitdate_ssm":["Circa 1964-1985 "],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Circa 1964-1985 "],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["File","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["AARLCC.2022.5","/repositories/2/resources/185"],"text":["AARLCC.2022.5","/repositories/2/resources/185","Von D. Mizell Library Collection, Circa 1964-1985","Public libraries -- Florida -- Fort Lauderdale","Broward County Library -- History","Photographs","Negatives (Photographs)","The Von D. Mizell Library Collection is open for research.","View a selection of digitized materials from the Von D. Mizell Library Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives.","The collection is arranged into eight series: Series I. Background and Dedication, Series II. Reports, Series III. Flyers and Brochures, Series IV. Newspaper Articles, Series V. Educational Materials, Series VI. Audio-Visual Materials, Series VII. Photographs and Negatives, and Series VIII. Friends of the Von D. Mizell Library.","The Von D. Mizell Library, a former branch of the Broward County Library system, originated from the first Black library established in the City of Fort Lauderdale. In 1945, Reverend Ivory Mizell made space in his office for a small lending library and solicited books when he learned that the only city library did not provide services to the Black community. In 1952, the City of Fort Lauderdale provided space in a one room building at Sunland Park (now the Joseph C. Carter Park) for the creation of the Sunland Park Library. Over time, the Sunland Park Library met with increased demands and reopened in 1970 as the Northwest Branch of the Fort Lauderdale library system in the old Zeno Building at 1107 Northwest Sistrunk Boulevard with a wider range of services and a staff of seven. ","In 1974, Northwest Branch became a part of the newly-established Broward County Library system, and was renamed the Von D. Mizell Library in 1975. Beginning in 1975, the Von D. Mizell Library also functioned as the headquarters for the Broward County Library Libary-In-Action Project. ","In 1980 the library relocated five blocks east to the Von D. Mizell Library Center and All Purpose Building at 2650 Sistrunk Boulevard (the former site of Provident Hospital) with a staff of twelve and an expanded collection, including a large collection of books written by and for the people of the African diaspora. ","Samuel Morrison (1936-), the Director of Broward County's Library Division, presented plans in 1995 for a new African American Research Library and Cultural Center. The plans were approved and the African American Research Library and Cultural Center (AARLCC). AARLCC opened in October 2002, replacing the Von D. Mizell Library. The Friends of Von D. Mizell Library had been integral to the effort to fundraise for AARLCC's construction and to finding community members to give input into the design and purpose of the building; they reincorporated as the Friends of AARLCC.","This collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection.","The collection Von D. Mizell Library Collection contains materials documenting the activities and history of the Von D. Mizell Library, one of the original branches in 1974 of the Broward County Library system, as well as the Fort Lauderdale city library system that preceeded it. The materials are comprised of photographs, photo slides, negatives, printed negatives, forms with monthly statistics, financial documents, social outreach documents, brochures for events, newspaper articles, and a printed history of the Mizell Library. It also includes a small part of the original book collection from the Von D. Mizell Library, as well as artwork that hung in the library building.","Books from this collection were cataloged in the Broward County Library catalog with the prefix \"MIZ\".","AARLCC Special Collections","English"],"unitid_tesim":["AARLCC.2022.5","/repositories/2/resources/185"],"normalized_date_ssm":["Circa 1964-1985"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Von D. Mizell Library Collection, Circa 1964-1985"],"collection_title_tesim":["Von D. Mizell Library Collection, Circa 1964-1985"],"collection_ssim":["Von D. Mizell Library Collection, Circa 1964-1985"],"repository_ssm":["AARLCC Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The materials were transferred to the AARLCC Special Collections in 2002 (Accession AARLCC-2002.9)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Public libraries -- Florida -- Fort Lauderdale","Broward County Library -- History","Photographs","Negatives (Photographs)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Public libraries -- Florida -- Fort Lauderdale","Broward County Library -- History","Photographs","Negatives (Photographs)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2 Hollinger Boxes"],"extent_tesim":["2 Hollinger Boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs","Negatives (Photographs)"],"date_range_isim":[1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Von D. Mizell Library Collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The Von D. Mizell Library Collection is open for research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://digitalarchives.broward.org/digital/collection/p16146coll40\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eView a selection of digitized materials from the Von D. Mizell Library Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Digitized Materials"],"altformavail_tesim":["View a selection of digitized materials from the Von D. Mizell Library Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into eight series: Series I. Background and Dedication, Series II. Reports, Series III. Flyers and Brochures, Series IV. Newspaper Articles, Series V. Educational Materials, Series VI. Audio-Visual Materials, Series VII. Photographs and Negatives, and Series VIII. Friends of the Von D. Mizell Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into eight series: Series I. Background and Dedication, Series II. Reports, Series III. Flyers and Brochures, Series IV. Newspaper Articles, Series V. Educational Materials, Series VI. Audio-Visual Materials, Series VII. Photographs and Negatives, and Series VIII. Friends of the Von D. Mizell Library."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Von D. Mizell Library, a former branch of the Broward County Library system, originated from the first Black library established in the City of Fort Lauderdale. In 1945, Reverend Ivory Mizell made space in his office for a small lending library and solicited books when he learned that the only city library did not provide services to the Black community. In 1952, the City of Fort Lauderdale provided space in a one room building at Sunland Park (now the Joseph C. Carter Park) for the creation of the Sunland Park Library. Over time, the Sunland Park Library met with increased demands and reopened in 1970 as the Northwest Branch of the Fort Lauderdale library system in the old Zeno Building at 1107 Northwest Sistrunk Boulevard with a wider range of services and a staff of seven. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1974, Northwest Branch became a part of the newly-established Broward County Library system, and was renamed the Von D. Mizell Library in 1975. Beginning in 1975, the Von D. Mizell Library also functioned as the headquarters for the Broward County Library Libary-In-Action Project. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1980 the library relocated five blocks east to the Von D. Mizell Library Center and All Purpose Building at 2650 Sistrunk Boulevard (the former site of Provident Hospital) with a staff of twelve and an expanded collection, including a large collection of books written by and for the people of the African diaspora. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSamuel Morrison (1936-), the Director of Broward County's Library Division, presented plans in 1995 for a new African American Research Library and Cultural Center. The plans were approved and the African American Research Library and Cultural Center (AARLCC). AARLCC opened in October 2002, replacing the Von D. Mizell Library. The Friends of Von D. Mizell Library had been integral to the effort to fundraise for AARLCC's construction and to finding community members to give input into the design and purpose of the building; they reincorporated as the Friends of AARLCC.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Von D. Mizell Library, a former branch of the Broward County Library system, originated from the first Black library established in the City of Fort Lauderdale. In 1945, Reverend Ivory Mizell made space in his office for a small lending library and solicited books when he learned that the only city library did not provide services to the Black community. In 1952, the City of Fort Lauderdale provided space in a one room building at Sunland Park (now the Joseph C. Carter Park) for the creation of the Sunland Park Library. Over time, the Sunland Park Library met with increased demands and reopened in 1970 as the Northwest Branch of the Fort Lauderdale library system in the old Zeno Building at 1107 Northwest Sistrunk Boulevard with a wider range of services and a staff of seven. ","In 1974, Northwest Branch became a part of the newly-established Broward County Library system, and was renamed the Von D. Mizell Library in 1975. Beginning in 1975, the Von D. Mizell Library also functioned as the headquarters for the Broward County Library Libary-In-Action Project. ","In 1980 the library relocated five blocks east to the Von D. Mizell Library Center and All Purpose Building at 2650 Sistrunk Boulevard (the former site of Provident Hospital) with a staff of twelve and an expanded collection, including a large collection of books written by and for the people of the African diaspora. ","Samuel Morrison (1936-), the Director of Broward County's Library Division, presented plans in 1995 for a new African American Research Library and Cultural Center. The plans were approved and the African American Research Library and Cultural Center (AARLCC). AARLCC opened in October 2002, replacing the Von D. Mizell Library. The Friends of Von D. Mizell Library had been integral to the effort to fundraise for AARLCC's construction and to finding community members to give input into the design and purpose of the building; they reincorporated as the Friends of AARLCC."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVon D. Mizell Library Collection, AARLCC Special Collections, Broward County Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Von D. Mizell Library Collection, AARLCC Special Collections, Broward County Library."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection Von D. Mizell Library Collection contains materials documenting the activities and history of the Von D. Mizell Library, one of the original branches in 1974 of the Broward County Library system, as well as the Fort Lauderdale city library system that preceeded it. The materials are comprised of photographs, photo slides, negatives, printed negatives, forms with monthly statistics, financial documents, social outreach documents, brochures for events, newspaper articles, and a printed history of the Mizell Library. It also includes a small part of the original book collection from the Von D. Mizell Library, as well as artwork that hung in the library building.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection Von D. Mizell Library Collection contains materials documenting the activities and history of the Von D. Mizell Library, one of the original branches in 1974 of the Broward County Library system, as well as the Fort Lauderdale city library system that preceeded it. The materials are comprised of photographs, photo slides, negatives, printed negatives, forms with monthly statistics, financial documents, social outreach documents, brochures for events, newspaper articles, and a printed history of the Mizell Library. It also includes a small part of the original book collection from the Von D. Mizell Library, as well as artwork that hung in the library building."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://broward.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBooks from this collection were cataloged in the Broward County Library catalog with the prefix \"MIZ\".\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Books from this collection were cataloged in the Broward County Library catalog with the prefix \"MIZ\"."],"names_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections"],"corpname_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":34,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"867c08d3c1202bcdd297a734","timestamp":"2026-07-02T01:31:34.008Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/867c08d3c1202bcdd297a734_aspace_3b210a1182277cc90a78b87cfa1cbfb5"}},{"id":"df2450ccc82fb0121d011240_aspace_51524","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"FNA Goals, Priorities, Missions and Objectives, 1981-1999","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/df2450ccc82fb0121d011240_aspace_51524#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eVarious years include:\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/df2450ccc82fb0121d011240_aspace_51524#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_51524","ref_ssm":["aspace_51524","aspace_51524"],"id":"df2450ccc82fb0121d011240_aspace_51524","title_filing_ssi":"FNA Goals, Priorities, Missions and Objectives","title_ssm":["FNA Goals, Priorities, Missions and Objectives"],"title_tesim":["FNA Goals, Priorities, Missions and Objectives"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1981-1999"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1981-1999"],"normalized_title_ssm":["FNA Goals, Priorities, Missions and Objectives, 1981-1999"],"text":["FNA Goals, Priorities, Missions and Objectives, 1981-1999","Florida Nurses Association Collection, date unknown","FNA Rules, Laws, Goals, Policies, Procedures and Priorities, 1946-2000","Series 2","/repositories/2/archival_objects/14233","Various years include:","1981, 1982-1983, 1985-1987, 1989, 1995, 1997, 1999"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["df2450ccc82fb0121d011240","df2450ccc82fb0121d011240_aspace_51522"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Florida Nurses Association Collection, date unknown","FNA Rules, Laws, Goals, Policies, Procedures and Priorities, 1946-2000"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Florida Nurses Association Collection, date unknown","FNA Rules, Laws, Goals, Policies, Procedures and Priorities, 1946-2000"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Other level"],"unitid_ssm":["Series 2","/repositories/2/archival_objects/14233"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Florida Nurses Association Collection, date unknown"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"sort_isi":91,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no restrictions on this collection"],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Copyright  held by Florida International University"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVarious years include:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1981, 1982-1983, 1985-1987, 1989, 1995, 1997, 1999\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Various years include:","1981, 1982-1983, 1985-1987, 1989, 1995, 1997, 1999"],"_nest_path_":"/components#9/components#1","_nest_parent_":"df2450ccc82fb0121d011240_aspace_51522","_root_":"df2450ccc82fb0121d011240","_version_":1870844583292698624,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T04:33:49.070Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"df2450ccc82fb0121d011240","title_ssm":["Florida Nurses Association Collection"],"title_tesim":["Florida Nurses Association Collection"],"ead_ssi":"df2450ccc82fb0121d011240","unitdate_ssm":["date unknown"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["date unknown"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SPC5085","/repositories/2/resources/45"],"text":["SPC5085","/repositories/2/resources/45","Florida Nurses Association Collection, date unknown","Nursing -- Florida -- History","There are no restrictions on this collection","There are no physical restrictions on this collection","There are no technical restrictions on this collection","The Florida Nurses Association Collection is an extensive 36 box collection documenting the history and proceedings of the Florida Nurses Association. 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