{"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026page=79\u0026view=list","prev":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026page=78\u0026view=list","next":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026page=80\u0026view=list","last":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026page=42286\u0026view=list"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":79,"next_page":80,"prev_page":78,"total_pages":42286,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":780,"total_count":422858,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"480e46a504f2fba6b1588537_aspace_222162","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"15th Air Force Key Personnel Roster, bulk 1943, 1944","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/480e46a504f2fba6b1588537_aspace_222162#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eTwo lists, first dated 1 November 1943, second dated 1 November 1944.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/480e46a504f2fba6b1588537_aspace_222162#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_222162","ref_ssm":["aspace_222162","aspace_222162"],"id":"480e46a504f2fba6b1588537_aspace_222162","title_filing_ssi":"15th Air Force Key Personnel Roster","title_ssm":["15th Air Force Key Personnel Roster"],"title_tesim":["15th Air Force Key Personnel Roster"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1943, 1944"],"normalized_date_ssm":["bulk 1943, 1944"],"normalized_title_ssm":["15th Air Force Key Personnel Roster, bulk 1943, 1944"],"text":["15th Air Force Key Personnel Roster, bulk 1943, 1944","484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998","018","/repositories/10/archival_objects/34386","02.0047 - Box 8","folder 018","Two lists, first dated 1 November 1943, second dated 1 November 1944."],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ids_ssim":["480e46a504f2fba6b1588537"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"unitid_ssm":["018","/repositories/10/archival_objects/34386"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"collection_ssim":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":205,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open to all researchers."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"date_range_isim":[1943,1944],"containers_ssim":["02.0047 - Box 8","folder 018"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTwo lists, first dated 1 November 1943, second dated 1 November 1944.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Two lists, first dated 1 November 1943, second dated 1 November 1944."],"_nest_path_":"/components#204","_nest_parent_":"480e46a504f2fba6b1588537","_root_":"480e46a504f2fba6b1588537","timestamp":"2026-07-10T05:44:27.461Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"480e46a504f2fba6b1588537","title_filing_ssi":"484th Bombardment Group Association papers","title_ssm":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers"],"title_tesim":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers"],"ead_ssi":"480e46a504f2fba6b1588537","unitdate_ssm":["1939-1998"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1939-1998"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["02.0047","/repositories/10/resources/197"],"text":["02.0047","/repositories/10/resources/197","484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998","Foggia (Italy)","B-24 (Bomber)","World War, 1939-1945--Aerial operations","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Italy","World War, 1939-1945--Yugoslavia","World War, 1939-1945--Austria","This collection is open to all researchers.","Constituted as 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) on September 14, 1943, the group officially activated on September 20th. Trained for combat with B-24 Liberator heavy bombers, the group transferred to Torretto Airfield in Italy during March and April 1944. Torretta airfield (also known as Cerignola #3) served as a semi-permanent heavy bomber airfield located approximately 14km (9 miles) southwest of Cerignola in Apulia, Italy.  This airbase would eventually form part of the Foggia Airfield Complex.  Assigned to Fifteenth Air Force, the group was redesignated the 484th Bombardment Group (Pathfinder) in May 1944 but did not perform pathfinder functions. Again, redesignated 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) in November 1944, the group operated primarily as a strategic bombardment organization through to April 1945.\n The group attacked targets such as oil refineries, oil storage plants, aircraft factories, heavy industry, and communications in Italy, France, Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Rumania, and Yugoslavia. On June 13, 1944, a heavy smoke screen prevented the group from bombing marshaling yards at Munich. In spite of severe damage from German flak and fighters, and despite heavy gunfire encountered at the alternate target, the group bombed marshaling yards at Innsbruck and received a Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC) for its persistent action. The group received a second DUC for performance on August 22, 1944, when, unescorted, the organization fought its way through an intense opposition to attack underground oil storage installations in Vienna. In addition to strategic missions, the 484th supported the allied ground drive toward Rome by bombing bridges, supply dumps, viaducts, and marshaling yards from April to June 1944. Furthermore, the group ferried gasoline and oil to Allied forces in southern France during September 1944 and supported the final advance through northern Italy.  Moved to Casablanca in May 1945, the group was assigned to Air Transport Command and subsequently deactivated in French Morocco on July 25, 1945. Squadrons assigned to the group included the 824th, 825th, 826th, and 827th. Stations assigned for the group during the war included Harvard AAF,  Nebraska from September 20, 1943, to March 2, 1944; Torretta AAF, Italy from April 1944-May 1945; and Casablanca, French Morocco, from May 25 to July 25, 1945. The assigned commanders included Colonel William B Keese from October 1943 to April 1945 and Lieutenant Colonel Chester C. Busch from April 1945 to deactivation","History of  The Torretta Flyer  newsletter:","Bud Markel wrote the history of the 484th Bomb Group and preserved it in  The Torretta Flyer.  He and his wife Bea organized the first reunion of the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups in May of 1981.  In December of 1981, the 461st and 484th Bomb Groups Association were incorporated in the state of California as a non-profit corporation. Starting with a newsletter bulletin to keep early members up to date on the fledgling organization, the name  The Torretta Flyer  was first applied to newsletter number 4. In 1992 the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups formed their own separate associations. Bud was the president of the 484th BG Association and the editor of  The Torretta Flyer  until the association was disbanded in 2001.  An excellent writer, photographer, aviation historian, and organizer, Bud published  The Torretta Flyer  twice yearly for 20 years.  With the help of Bea, he also organized and hosted annual reunions for the association.  The Torretta Flyer  evolved from a mimeographed newsletter into a fine glossy magazine filled with photographs, data compiled from official sources, letters and stories written by members, and scholarly contributions from writers in the historical aviation field.  When the 484th BG Association was disbanded, Bud and Bea donated 50 1200 page bound two-volume sets of  The Torretta Flyer  to various libraries and museums around the country.  Bud Markel flew 35 combat missions as a B-24 engineer between January and May of 1945.  He was employed as an A\u0026P mechanic for United Airlines in Los Angeles from 1948 until retirement.  He was especially proud of the 484th BG Association scholarship fund which was originally conceived as a living memorial to the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups.  Through this fund, the association donated $53,000 to deserving high school students from the area around Cerignola, Italy.  The Torretta Flyer  is copyright © 484th Bomb Group Association","Link to The Torretta Flyer newsletter index:  http://www.484th.org/Torretta%20Flyer/Torretta%20Flyer.htm","Source:","\"484th Bombardment Group (H).\" www.484th.org. Accessed June 8, 2018. http://www.484th.org/.","Note written by Dick Olson, 484th Bombardment Group Association Historian","Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022.","Link to official website of the 484th Bombardment Group Association:   http://www.484th.org/ . This website is also included in an  Internet Archive web collection  for the World War II Archives. ","The Internet Archive collection includes the website for the 461st Bombardment Group (H).","This collection relates to the 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) that was assigned to the 15th Air Force and based in Torretta, Italy as a component of the Foggia Airfield Complex during World War II and assigned B-24 Liberator heavy bombers.  The materials contained in this collection were subsequently assembled during the post-war period by the 484th Bombardment Group Association.  The collection contains official reports, data sheets, statistics, newspapers, Missing Air Crew Reports, personal histories, photographs, and unit histories.","All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.","Claude Pepper Library","FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","484th Bombardment Group Association","United States. Army Air Forces, Bombardment Group (H), 484th","English"],"unitid_tesim":["02.0047","/repositories/10/resources/197"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1939-1998"],"normalized_title_ssm":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998"],"collection_title_tesim":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998"],"collection_ssim":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998"],"repository_ssm":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Foggia (Italy)"],"geogname_ssim":["Foggia (Italy)"],"creator_ssm":["484th Bombardment Group Association"],"creator_ssim":["484th Bombardment Group Association"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["484th Bombardment Group Association"],"creators_ssim":["484th Bombardment Group Association"],"places_ssim":["Foggia (Italy)"],"access_terms_ssm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"access_subjects_ssim":["B-24 (Bomber)","World War, 1939-1945--Aerial operations","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Italy","World War, 1939-1945--Yugoslavia","World War, 1939-1945--Austria"],"access_subjects_ssm":["B-24 (Bomber)","World War, 1939-1945--Aerial operations","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Italy","World War, 1939-1945--Yugoslavia","World War, 1939-1945--Austria"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["17 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["17 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to all researchers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to all researchers."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eConstituted as 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) on September 14, 1943, the group officially activated on September 20th. Trained for combat with B-24 Liberator heavy bombers, the group transferred to Torretto Airfield in Italy during March and April 1944. Torretta airfield (also known as Cerignola #3) served as a semi-permanent heavy bomber airfield located approximately 14km (9 miles) southwest of Cerignola in Apulia, Italy.\u0026#xA0; This airbase would eventually form part of the Foggia Airfield Complex.\u0026#xA0; Assigned to Fifteenth Air Force, the group was redesignated the 484th Bombardment Group (Pathfinder) in May 1944 but did not perform pathfinder functions. Again, redesignated 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) in November 1944, the group operated primarily as a strategic bombardment organization through to April 1945.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe group attacked targets such as oil refineries, oil storage plants, aircraft factories, heavy industry, and communications in Italy, France, Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Rumania, and Yugoslavia. On June 13, 1944, a heavy smoke screen prevented the group from bombing marshaling yards at Munich. In spite of severe damage from German flak and fighters, and despite heavy gunfire encountered at the alternate target, the group bombed marshaling yards at Innsbruck and received a Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC) for its persistent action. The group received a second DUC for performance on August 22, 1944, when, unescorted, the organization fought its way through an intense opposition to attack underground oil storage installations in Vienna. In addition to strategic missions, the 484th supported the allied ground drive toward Rome by bombing bridges, supply dumps, viaducts, and marshaling yards from April to June 1944. Furthermore, the group ferried gasoline and oil to Allied forces in southern France during September 1944 and supported the final advance through northern Italy.\u0026#xA0; Moved to Casablanca in May 1945, the group was assigned to Air Transport Command and subsequently deactivated in French Morocco on July 25, 1945. Squadrons assigned to the group included the 824th, 825th, 826th, and 827th. Stations assigned for the group during the war included Harvard AAF,\u0026#xA0; Nebraska from September 20, 1943, to March 2, 1944; Torretta AAF, Italy from April 1944-May 1945; and Casablanca, French Morocco, from May 25 to July 25, 1945. The assigned commanders included Colonel William B Keese from October 1943 to April 1945 and Lieutenant Colonel Chester C. Busch from April 1945 to deactivation\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistory of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e newsletter:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBud Markel wrote the history of the 484th Bomb Group and preserved it in \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer.\u003c/emph\u003e He and his wife Bea organized the first reunion of the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups in May of 1981.\u0026#xA0; In December of 1981, the 461st and 484th Bomb Groups Association were incorporated in the state of California as a non-profit corporation. Starting with a newsletter bulletin to keep early members up to date on the fledgling organization, the name \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e was first applied to newsletter number 4. In 1992 the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups formed their own separate associations. Bud was the president of the 484th BG Association and the editor of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e until the association was disbanded in 2001.\u0026#xA0; An excellent writer, photographer, aviation historian, and organizer, Bud published \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e twice yearly for 20 years.\u0026#xA0; With the help of Bea, he also organized and hosted annual reunions for the association. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e evolved from a mimeographed newsletter into a fine glossy magazine filled with photographs, data compiled from official sources, letters and stories written by members, and scholarly contributions from writers in the historical aviation field.\u0026#xA0; When the 484th BG Association was disbanded, Bud and Bea donated 50 1200 page bound two-volume sets of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e to various libraries and museums around the country.\u0026#xA0; Bud Markel flew 35 combat missions as a B-24 engineer between January and May of 1945.\u0026#xA0; He was employed as an A\u0026amp;P mechanic for United Airlines in Los Angeles from 1948 until retirement.\u0026#xA0; He was especially proud of the 484th BG Association scholarship fund which was originally conceived as a living memorial to the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups.\u0026#xA0; Through this fund, the association donated $53,000 to deserving high school students from the area around Cerignola, Italy. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e is copyright \u0026#xA9; 484th Bomb Group Association\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLink to The Torretta Flyer newsletter index: \u003cextref href=\"http://www.484th.org/Torretta%20Flyer/Torretta%20Flyer.htm\"\u003ehttp://www.484th.org/Torretta%20Flyer/Torretta%20Flyer.htm\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSource:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"484th Bombardment Group (H).\" www.484th.org. Accessed June 8, 2018. http://www.484th.org/.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNote written by Dick Olson, 484th Bombardment Group Association Historian\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Constituted as 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) on September 14, 1943, the group officially activated on September 20th. Trained for combat with B-24 Liberator heavy bombers, the group transferred to Torretto Airfield in Italy during March and April 1944. Torretta airfield (also known as Cerignola #3) served as a semi-permanent heavy bomber airfield located approximately 14km (9 miles) southwest of Cerignola in Apulia, Italy.  This airbase would eventually form part of the Foggia Airfield Complex.  Assigned to Fifteenth Air Force, the group was redesignated the 484th Bombardment Group (Pathfinder) in May 1944 but did not perform pathfinder functions. Again, redesignated 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) in November 1944, the group operated primarily as a strategic bombardment organization through to April 1945.\n The group attacked targets such as oil refineries, oil storage plants, aircraft factories, heavy industry, and communications in Italy, France, Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Rumania, and Yugoslavia. On June 13, 1944, a heavy smoke screen prevented the group from bombing marshaling yards at Munich. In spite of severe damage from German flak and fighters, and despite heavy gunfire encountered at the alternate target, the group bombed marshaling yards at Innsbruck and received a Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC) for its persistent action. The group received a second DUC for performance on August 22, 1944, when, unescorted, the organization fought its way through an intense opposition to attack underground oil storage installations in Vienna. In addition to strategic missions, the 484th supported the allied ground drive toward Rome by bombing bridges, supply dumps, viaducts, and marshaling yards from April to June 1944. Furthermore, the group ferried gasoline and oil to Allied forces in southern France during September 1944 and supported the final advance through northern Italy.  Moved to Casablanca in May 1945, the group was assigned to Air Transport Command and subsequently deactivated in French Morocco on July 25, 1945. Squadrons assigned to the group included the 824th, 825th, 826th, and 827th. Stations assigned for the group during the war included Harvard AAF,  Nebraska from September 20, 1943, to March 2, 1944; Torretta AAF, Italy from April 1944-May 1945; and Casablanca, French Morocco, from May 25 to July 25, 1945. The assigned commanders included Colonel William B Keese from October 1943 to April 1945 and Lieutenant Colonel Chester C. Busch from April 1945 to deactivation","History of  The Torretta Flyer  newsletter:","Bud Markel wrote the history of the 484th Bomb Group and preserved it in  The Torretta Flyer.  He and his wife Bea organized the first reunion of the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups in May of 1981.  In December of 1981, the 461st and 484th Bomb Groups Association were incorporated in the state of California as a non-profit corporation. Starting with a newsletter bulletin to keep early members up to date on the fledgling organization, the name  The Torretta Flyer  was first applied to newsletter number 4. In 1992 the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups formed their own separate associations. Bud was the president of the 484th BG Association and the editor of  The Torretta Flyer  until the association was disbanded in 2001.  An excellent writer, photographer, aviation historian, and organizer, Bud published  The Torretta Flyer  twice yearly for 20 years.  With the help of Bea, he also organized and hosted annual reunions for the association.  The Torretta Flyer  evolved from a mimeographed newsletter into a fine glossy magazine filled with photographs, data compiled from official sources, letters and stories written by members, and scholarly contributions from writers in the historical aviation field.  When the 484th BG Association was disbanded, Bud and Bea donated 50 1200 page bound two-volume sets of  The Torretta Flyer  to various libraries and museums around the country.  Bud Markel flew 35 combat missions as a B-24 engineer between January and May of 1945.  He was employed as an A\u0026P mechanic for United Airlines in Los Angeles from 1948 until retirement.  He was especially proud of the 484th BG Association scholarship fund which was originally conceived as a living memorial to the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups.  Through this fund, the association donated $53,000 to deserving high school students from the area around Cerignola, Italy.  The Torretta Flyer  is copyright © 484th Bomb Group Association","Link to The Torretta Flyer newsletter index:  http://www.484th.org/Torretta%20Flyer/Torretta%20Flyer.htm","Source:","\"484th Bombardment Group (H).\" www.484th.org. Accessed June 8, 2018. http://www.484th.org/.","Note written by Dick Olson, 484th Bombardment Group Association Historian"],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTransferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives in July 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], 484th Bombardment Group Association papers, Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_02_0047\"\u003ehttp://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_02_0047\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], 484th Bombardment Group Association papers, Special Collections \u0026 Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida.  http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_02_0047 ."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLink to official website of the 484th Bombardment Group Association:\u0026#xA0; \u003cextref href=\"http://www.484th.org/\"\u003ehttp://www.484th.org/\u003c/extref\u003e. This website is also included in an \u003cextref href=\"https://archive-it.org/collections/10115\"\u003eInternet Archive web collection\u003c/extref\u003e for the World War II Archives. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Internet Archive collection includes the website for the 461st Bombardment Group (H).\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials - Related Publications"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Link to official website of the 484th Bombardment Group Association:   http://www.484th.org/ . This website is also included in an  Internet Archive web collection  for the World War II Archives. ","The Internet Archive collection includes the website for the 461st Bombardment Group (H)."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection relates to the 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) that was assigned to the 15th Air Force and based in Torretta, Italy as a component of the Foggia Airfield Complex during World War II and assigned B-24 Liberator heavy bombers.\u0026#xA0; The materials contained in this collection were subsequently assembled during the post-war period by the 484th Bombardment Group Association.\u0026#xA0; The collection contains official reports, data sheets, statistics, newspapers, Missing Air Crew Reports, personal histories, photographs, and unit histories.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection relates to the 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) that was assigned to the 15th Air Force and based in Torretta, Italy as a component of the Foggia Airfield Complex during World War II and assigned B-24 Liberator heavy bombers.  The materials contained in this collection were subsequently assembled during the post-war period by the 484th Bombardment Group Association.  The collection contains official reports, data sheets, statistics, newspapers, Missing Air Crew Reports, personal histories, photographs, and unit histories."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_dc95db454fe0ad060bd914009fe90431\"\u003eClaude Pepper Library\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Claude Pepper Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["484th Bombardment Group Association","United States. Army Air Forces, Bombardment Group (H), 484th"],"names_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","484th Bombardment Group Association","United States. Army Air Forces, Bombardment Group (H), 484th"],"corpname_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","484th Bombardment Group Association","United States. 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Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"date_range_isim":[1943],"containers_ssim":["02.0047 - Box 3","folder 022"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFormerly classified Reports\n1) The Decline and Fall of Flak, pages 0328-0336.\n2) Military Influences on the Economy and Municipal Government of San Antonio.\n3) 15th AF Monograph No. 21: Attack on Athens/Eleusis Airfield, pages 1010-1021.\n4) Operation Sour-Ball: Attack on the Foggia Satellites, pages 0991-1007.\n5) 15th AF Missions to Budapest, pages 0778-0820.\n6) 15th AF Monograph No. 24: Attack on Reggio Emilia Aircraft Factory, pages 0954-0965.\n7) 15th AF Counter-Air Operations in Southwest Germany, pages 0968-0988.\n8) 15th AF Monograph No. 22: The attack on Athens/Kalamaki Airfield. pages 1024-1060.\n*Formerly called Bombing Reports No. 1\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Formerly classified Reports\n1) The Decline and Fall of Flak, pages 0328-0336.\n2) Military Influences on the Economy and Municipal Government of San Antonio.\n3) 15th AF Monograph No. 21: Attack on Athens/Eleusis Airfield, pages 1010-1021.\n4) Operation Sour-Ball: Attack on the Foggia Satellites, pages 0991-1007.\n5) 15th AF Missions to Budapest, pages 0778-0820.\n6) 15th AF Monograph No. 24: Attack on Reggio Emilia Aircraft Factory, pages 0954-0965.\n7) 15th AF Counter-Air Operations in Southwest Germany, pages 0968-0988.\n8) 15th AF Monograph No. 22: The attack on Athens/Kalamaki Airfield. pages 1024-1060.\n*Formerly called Bombing Reports No. 1"],"_nest_path_":"/components#85","_nest_parent_":"480e46a504f2fba6b1588537","_root_":"480e46a504f2fba6b1588537","timestamp":"2026-07-10T05:44:27.461Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"480e46a504f2fba6b1588537","title_filing_ssi":"484th Bombardment Group Association papers","title_ssm":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers"],"title_tesim":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers"],"ead_ssi":"480e46a504f2fba6b1588537","unitdate_ssm":["1939-1998"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1939-1998"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["02.0047","/repositories/10/resources/197"],"text":["02.0047","/repositories/10/resources/197","484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998","Foggia (Italy)","B-24 (Bomber)","World War, 1939-1945--Aerial operations","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Italy","World War, 1939-1945--Yugoslavia","World War, 1939-1945--Austria","This collection is open to all researchers.","Constituted as 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) on September 14, 1943, the group officially activated on September 20th. Trained for combat with B-24 Liberator heavy bombers, the group transferred to Torretto Airfield in Italy during March and April 1944. Torretta airfield (also known as Cerignola #3) served as a semi-permanent heavy bomber airfield located approximately 14km (9 miles) southwest of Cerignola in Apulia, Italy.  This airbase would eventually form part of the Foggia Airfield Complex.  Assigned to Fifteenth Air Force, the group was redesignated the 484th Bombardment Group (Pathfinder) in May 1944 but did not perform pathfinder functions. Again, redesignated 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) in November 1944, the group operated primarily as a strategic bombardment organization through to April 1945.\n The group attacked targets such as oil refineries, oil storage plants, aircraft factories, heavy industry, and communications in Italy, France, Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Rumania, and Yugoslavia. On June 13, 1944, a heavy smoke screen prevented the group from bombing marshaling yards at Munich. In spite of severe damage from German flak and fighters, and despite heavy gunfire encountered at the alternate target, the group bombed marshaling yards at Innsbruck and received a Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC) for its persistent action. The group received a second DUC for performance on August 22, 1944, when, unescorted, the organization fought its way through an intense opposition to attack underground oil storage installations in Vienna. In addition to strategic missions, the 484th supported the allied ground drive toward Rome by bombing bridges, supply dumps, viaducts, and marshaling yards from April to June 1944. Furthermore, the group ferried gasoline and oil to Allied forces in southern France during September 1944 and supported the final advance through northern Italy.  Moved to Casablanca in May 1945, the group was assigned to Air Transport Command and subsequently deactivated in French Morocco on July 25, 1945. Squadrons assigned to the group included the 824th, 825th, 826th, and 827th. Stations assigned for the group during the war included Harvard AAF,  Nebraska from September 20, 1943, to March 2, 1944; Torretta AAF, Italy from April 1944-May 1945; and Casablanca, French Morocco, from May 25 to July 25, 1945. The assigned commanders included Colonel William B Keese from October 1943 to April 1945 and Lieutenant Colonel Chester C. Busch from April 1945 to deactivation","History of  The Torretta Flyer  newsletter:","Bud Markel wrote the history of the 484th Bomb Group and preserved it in  The Torretta Flyer.  He and his wife Bea organized the first reunion of the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups in May of 1981.  In December of 1981, the 461st and 484th Bomb Groups Association were incorporated in the state of California as a non-profit corporation. Starting with a newsletter bulletin to keep early members up to date on the fledgling organization, the name  The Torretta Flyer  was first applied to newsletter number 4. In 1992 the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups formed their own separate associations. Bud was the president of the 484th BG Association and the editor of  The Torretta Flyer  until the association was disbanded in 2001.  An excellent writer, photographer, aviation historian, and organizer, Bud published  The Torretta Flyer  twice yearly for 20 years.  With the help of Bea, he also organized and hosted annual reunions for the association.  The Torretta Flyer  evolved from a mimeographed newsletter into a fine glossy magazine filled with photographs, data compiled from official sources, letters and stories written by members, and scholarly contributions from writers in the historical aviation field.  When the 484th BG Association was disbanded, Bud and Bea donated 50 1200 page bound two-volume sets of  The Torretta Flyer  to various libraries and museums around the country.  Bud Markel flew 35 combat missions as a B-24 engineer between January and May of 1945.  He was employed as an A\u0026P mechanic for United Airlines in Los Angeles from 1948 until retirement.  He was especially proud of the 484th BG Association scholarship fund which was originally conceived as a living memorial to the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups.  Through this fund, the association donated $53,000 to deserving high school students from the area around Cerignola, Italy.  The Torretta Flyer  is copyright © 484th Bomb Group Association","Link to The Torretta Flyer newsletter index:  http://www.484th.org/Torretta%20Flyer/Torretta%20Flyer.htm","Source:","\"484th Bombardment Group (H).\" www.484th.org. Accessed June 8, 2018. http://www.484th.org/.","Note written by Dick Olson, 484th Bombardment Group Association Historian","Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022.","Link to official website of the 484th Bombardment Group Association:   http://www.484th.org/ . This website is also included in an  Internet Archive web collection  for the World War II Archives. ","The Internet Archive collection includes the website for the 461st Bombardment Group (H).","This collection relates to the 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) that was assigned to the 15th Air Force and based in Torretta, Italy as a component of the Foggia Airfield Complex during World War II and assigned B-24 Liberator heavy bombers.  The materials contained in this collection were subsequently assembled during the post-war period by the 484th Bombardment Group Association.  The collection contains official reports, data sheets, statistics, newspapers, Missing Air Crew Reports, personal histories, photographs, and unit histories.","All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.","Claude Pepper Library","FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","484th Bombardment Group Association","United States. Army Air Forces, Bombardment Group (H), 484th","English"],"unitid_tesim":["02.0047","/repositories/10/resources/197"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1939-1998"],"normalized_title_ssm":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998"],"collection_title_tesim":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998"],"collection_ssim":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998"],"repository_ssm":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Foggia (Italy)"],"geogname_ssim":["Foggia (Italy)"],"creator_ssm":["484th Bombardment Group Association"],"creator_ssim":["484th Bombardment Group Association"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["484th Bombardment Group Association"],"creators_ssim":["484th Bombardment Group Association"],"places_ssim":["Foggia (Italy)"],"access_terms_ssm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"access_subjects_ssim":["B-24 (Bomber)","World War, 1939-1945--Aerial operations","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Italy","World War, 1939-1945--Yugoslavia","World War, 1939-1945--Austria"],"access_subjects_ssm":["B-24 (Bomber)","World War, 1939-1945--Aerial operations","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Italy","World War, 1939-1945--Yugoslavia","World War, 1939-1945--Austria"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["17 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["17 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to all researchers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to all researchers."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eConstituted as 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) on September 14, 1943, the group officially activated on September 20th. Trained for combat with B-24 Liberator heavy bombers, the group transferred to Torretto Airfield in Italy during March and April 1944. Torretta airfield (also known as Cerignola #3) served as a semi-permanent heavy bomber airfield located approximately 14km (9 miles) southwest of Cerignola in Apulia, Italy.\u0026#xA0; This airbase would eventually form part of the Foggia Airfield Complex.\u0026#xA0; Assigned to Fifteenth Air Force, the group was redesignated the 484th Bombardment Group (Pathfinder) in May 1944 but did not perform pathfinder functions. Again, redesignated 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) in November 1944, the group operated primarily as a strategic bombardment organization through to April 1945.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe group attacked targets such as oil refineries, oil storage plants, aircraft factories, heavy industry, and communications in Italy, France, Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Rumania, and Yugoslavia. On June 13, 1944, a heavy smoke screen prevented the group from bombing marshaling yards at Munich. In spite of severe damage from German flak and fighters, and despite heavy gunfire encountered at the alternate target, the group bombed marshaling yards at Innsbruck and received a Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC) for its persistent action. The group received a second DUC for performance on August 22, 1944, when, unescorted, the organization fought its way through an intense opposition to attack underground oil storage installations in Vienna. In addition to strategic missions, the 484th supported the allied ground drive toward Rome by bombing bridges, supply dumps, viaducts, and marshaling yards from April to June 1944. Furthermore, the group ferried gasoline and oil to Allied forces in southern France during September 1944 and supported the final advance through northern Italy.\u0026#xA0; Moved to Casablanca in May 1945, the group was assigned to Air Transport Command and subsequently deactivated in French Morocco on July 25, 1945. Squadrons assigned to the group included the 824th, 825th, 826th, and 827th. Stations assigned for the group during the war included Harvard AAF,\u0026#xA0; Nebraska from September 20, 1943, to March 2, 1944; Torretta AAF, Italy from April 1944-May 1945; and Casablanca, French Morocco, from May 25 to July 25, 1945. The assigned commanders included Colonel William B Keese from October 1943 to April 1945 and Lieutenant Colonel Chester C. Busch from April 1945 to deactivation\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistory of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e newsletter:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBud Markel wrote the history of the 484th Bomb Group and preserved it in \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer.\u003c/emph\u003e He and his wife Bea organized the first reunion of the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups in May of 1981.\u0026#xA0; In December of 1981, the 461st and 484th Bomb Groups Association were incorporated in the state of California as a non-profit corporation. Starting with a newsletter bulletin to keep early members up to date on the fledgling organization, the name \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e was first applied to newsletter number 4. In 1992 the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups formed their own separate associations. Bud was the president of the 484th BG Association and the editor of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e until the association was disbanded in 2001.\u0026#xA0; An excellent writer, photographer, aviation historian, and organizer, Bud published \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e twice yearly for 20 years.\u0026#xA0; With the help of Bea, he also organized and hosted annual reunions for the association. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e evolved from a mimeographed newsletter into a fine glossy magazine filled with photographs, data compiled from official sources, letters and stories written by members, and scholarly contributions from writers in the historical aviation field.\u0026#xA0; When the 484th BG Association was disbanded, Bud and Bea donated 50 1200 page bound two-volume sets of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e to various libraries and museums around the country.\u0026#xA0; Bud Markel flew 35 combat missions as a B-24 engineer between January and May of 1945.\u0026#xA0; He was employed as an A\u0026amp;P mechanic for United Airlines in Los Angeles from 1948 until retirement.\u0026#xA0; He was especially proud of the 484th BG Association scholarship fund which was originally conceived as a living memorial to the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups.\u0026#xA0; Through this fund, the association donated $53,000 to deserving high school students from the area around Cerignola, Italy. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e is copyright \u0026#xA9; 484th Bomb Group Association\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLink to The Torretta Flyer newsletter index: \u003cextref href=\"http://www.484th.org/Torretta%20Flyer/Torretta%20Flyer.htm\"\u003ehttp://www.484th.org/Torretta%20Flyer/Torretta%20Flyer.htm\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSource:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"484th Bombardment Group (H).\" www.484th.org. Accessed June 8, 2018. http://www.484th.org/.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNote written by Dick Olson, 484th Bombardment Group Association Historian\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Constituted as 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) on September 14, 1943, the group officially activated on September 20th. Trained for combat with B-24 Liberator heavy bombers, the group transferred to Torretto Airfield in Italy during March and April 1944. Torretta airfield (also known as Cerignola #3) served as a semi-permanent heavy bomber airfield located approximately 14km (9 miles) southwest of Cerignola in Apulia, Italy.  This airbase would eventually form part of the Foggia Airfield Complex.  Assigned to Fifteenth Air Force, the group was redesignated the 484th Bombardment Group (Pathfinder) in May 1944 but did not perform pathfinder functions. Again, redesignated 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) in November 1944, the group operated primarily as a strategic bombardment organization through to April 1945.\n The group attacked targets such as oil refineries, oil storage plants, aircraft factories, heavy industry, and communications in Italy, France, Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Rumania, and Yugoslavia. On June 13, 1944, a heavy smoke screen prevented the group from bombing marshaling yards at Munich. In spite of severe damage from German flak and fighters, and despite heavy gunfire encountered at the alternate target, the group bombed marshaling yards at Innsbruck and received a Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC) for its persistent action. The group received a second DUC for performance on August 22, 1944, when, unescorted, the organization fought its way through an intense opposition to attack underground oil storage installations in Vienna. In addition to strategic missions, the 484th supported the allied ground drive toward Rome by bombing bridges, supply dumps, viaducts, and marshaling yards from April to June 1944. Furthermore, the group ferried gasoline and oil to Allied forces in southern France during September 1944 and supported the final advance through northern Italy.  Moved to Casablanca in May 1945, the group was assigned to Air Transport Command and subsequently deactivated in French Morocco on July 25, 1945. Squadrons assigned to the group included the 824th, 825th, 826th, and 827th. Stations assigned for the group during the war included Harvard AAF,  Nebraska from September 20, 1943, to March 2, 1944; Torretta AAF, Italy from April 1944-May 1945; and Casablanca, French Morocco, from May 25 to July 25, 1945. The assigned commanders included Colonel William B Keese from October 1943 to April 1945 and Lieutenant Colonel Chester C. Busch from April 1945 to deactivation","History of  The Torretta Flyer  newsletter:","Bud Markel wrote the history of the 484th Bomb Group and preserved it in  The Torretta Flyer.  He and his wife Bea organized the first reunion of the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups in May of 1981.  In December of 1981, the 461st and 484th Bomb Groups Association were incorporated in the state of California as a non-profit corporation. Starting with a newsletter bulletin to keep early members up to date on the fledgling organization, the name  The Torretta Flyer  was first applied to newsletter number 4. In 1992 the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups formed their own separate associations. Bud was the president of the 484th BG Association and the editor of  The Torretta Flyer  until the association was disbanded in 2001.  An excellent writer, photographer, aviation historian, and organizer, Bud published  The Torretta Flyer  twice yearly for 20 years.  With the help of Bea, he also organized and hosted annual reunions for the association.  The Torretta Flyer  evolved from a mimeographed newsletter into a fine glossy magazine filled with photographs, data compiled from official sources, letters and stories written by members, and scholarly contributions from writers in the historical aviation field.  When the 484th BG Association was disbanded, Bud and Bea donated 50 1200 page bound two-volume sets of  The Torretta Flyer  to various libraries and museums around the country.  Bud Markel flew 35 combat missions as a B-24 engineer between January and May of 1945.  He was employed as an A\u0026P mechanic for United Airlines in Los Angeles from 1948 until retirement.  He was especially proud of the 484th BG Association scholarship fund which was originally conceived as a living memorial to the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups.  Through this fund, the association donated $53,000 to deserving high school students from the area around Cerignola, Italy.  The Torretta Flyer  is copyright © 484th Bomb Group Association","Link to The Torretta Flyer newsletter index:  http://www.484th.org/Torretta%20Flyer/Torretta%20Flyer.htm","Source:","\"484th Bombardment Group (H).\" www.484th.org. Accessed June 8, 2018. http://www.484th.org/.","Note written by Dick Olson, 484th Bombardment Group Association Historian"],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTransferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives in July 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], 484th Bombardment Group Association papers, Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_02_0047\"\u003ehttp://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_02_0047\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], 484th Bombardment Group Association papers, Special Collections \u0026 Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida.  http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_02_0047 ."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLink to official website of the 484th Bombardment Group Association:\u0026#xA0; \u003cextref href=\"http://www.484th.org/\"\u003ehttp://www.484th.org/\u003c/extref\u003e. This website is also included in an \u003cextref href=\"https://archive-it.org/collections/10115\"\u003eInternet Archive web collection\u003c/extref\u003e for the World War II Archives. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Internet Archive collection includes the website for the 461st Bombardment Group (H).\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials - Related Publications"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Link to official website of the 484th Bombardment Group Association:   http://www.484th.org/ . This website is also included in an  Internet Archive web collection  for the World War II Archives. ","The Internet Archive collection includes the website for the 461st Bombardment Group (H)."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection relates to the 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) that was assigned to the 15th Air Force and based in Torretta, Italy as a component of the Foggia Airfield Complex during World War II and assigned B-24 Liberator heavy bombers.\u0026#xA0; The materials contained in this collection were subsequently assembled during the post-war period by the 484th Bombardment Group Association.\u0026#xA0; The collection contains official reports, data sheets, statistics, newspapers, Missing Air Crew Reports, personal histories, photographs, and unit histories.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection relates to the 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) that was assigned to the 15th Air Force and based in Torretta, Italy as a component of the Foggia Airfield Complex during World War II and assigned B-24 Liberator heavy bombers.  The materials contained in this collection were subsequently assembled during the post-war period by the 484th Bombardment Group Association.  The collection contains official reports, data sheets, statistics, newspapers, Missing Air Crew Reports, personal histories, photographs, and unit histories."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_dc95db454fe0ad060bd914009fe90431\"\u003eClaude Pepper Library\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Claude Pepper Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["484th Bombardment Group Association","United States. Army Air Forces, Bombardment Group (H), 484th"],"names_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","484th Bombardment Group Association","United States. Army Air Forces, Bombardment Group (H), 484th"],"corpname_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","484th Bombardment Group Association","United States. Army Air Forces, Bombardment Group (H), 484th"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":315,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"480e46a504f2fba6b1588537","timestamp":"2026-07-10T05:44:27.461Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/480e46a504f2fba6b1588537_aspace_222039"}},{"id":"480e46a504f2fba6b1588537_aspace_222040","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"15th Air Force Reports (2 of 2), July 1944-December 1944","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/480e46a504f2fba6b1588537_aspace_222040#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eA collection of reports on a variety of topics in the MAAF and 15th AF. Microfilm pages from 0651-0742. Reports range from September to December 1944. 0651-0652: Smoke Screens. 0653-0654: Smoke Defense of Ploesti. 0655-0658: Discussion of potential targets for attack at 15th AF HQ. 0659: Innovation in bomber formations to avoid pathfinder failures, which led to flight abortions. 0660-0667: MAAF Targets proposed for study by USSBS. 0668-0672: Target Intel Report that emphasizes destruction of oil and communications targets. Includes two maps. 0673-0676: Progress of the War Against Germany. 0677-0681: Maps of types of targets for MAAF Bombers. 0682: Extending Operating Range of 15th AF With Budapest Bases. 0683-0686: Maps of Central European Theater and MAAF Bombing Targets. 0687-0689: Risks of Overbombing. 0690-0691: Air Photography. While not clearly important, it is being hampered by the seperation of facilitiesfor development and interpretation of film from strategic operational agencies. 0692: Too faded to view. 0693-0695: Smoke screens. 0696-0727: \"The Economic Effects of Allied Attacks in Force on German Targets, 1st April 1944 and 30th June, 1944.\" Produced by the Ministry of Home Security Research and Experiments Department. 0728-0730: PFF Targets, Principal Cities 0731: Flak Areas MASAF. 0732-0739: 15th AF Priority Targets 0740-0741: Reports on Strafing of lines of communications by fighter aircraft. 0742: Material taken by airship to Washington. *Formerly called Bombing Reports No. 2\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/480e46a504f2fba6b1588537_aspace_222040#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_222040","ref_ssm":["aspace_222040","aspace_222040"],"id":"480e46a504f2fba6b1588537_aspace_222040","title_filing_ssi":"15th Air Force Reports (2 of 2)","title_ssm":["15th Air Force Reports (2 of 2)"],"title_tesim":["15th Air Force Reports (2 of 2)"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["July 1944-December 1944"],"normalized_date_ssm":["July 1944-December 1944"],"normalized_title_ssm":["15th Air Force Reports (2 of 2), July 1944-December 1944"],"text":["15th Air Force Reports (2 of 2), July 1944-December 1944","484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998","023","/repositories/10/archival_objects/34268","02.0047 - Box 3","folder 023","A collection of reports on a variety of topics in the MAAF and 15th AF. Microfilm pages from 0651-0742. Reports range from September to December 1944.\n0651-0652: Smoke Screens.\n0653-0654: Smoke Defense of Ploesti.\n0655-0658: Discussion of potential targets for attack at 15th AF HQ.\n0659: Innovation in bomber formations to avoid pathfinder failures, which led to flight abortions.\n0660-0667: MAAF Targets proposed for study by USSBS.\n0668-0672: Target Intel Report that emphasizes destruction of oil and communications targets. Includes two maps.\n0673-0676: Progress of the War Against Germany.\n0677-0681: Maps of types of targets for MAAF Bombers.\n0682: Extending Operating Range of 15th AF With Budapest Bases.\n0683-0686: Maps of Central European Theater and MAAF Bombing Targets.\n0687-0689: Risks of Overbombing.\n0690-0691: Air Photography. While not clearly important, it is being hampered by the seperation of facilitiesfor development and interpretation of film from strategic operational agencies.\n0692: Too faded to view.\n0693-0695: Smoke screens.\n0696-0727: \"The Economic Effects of Allied Attacks in Force on German Targets, 1st April 1944 and 30th June, 1944.\" Produced by the Ministry of Home Security Research and Experiments Department.\n0728-0730: PFF Targets, Principal Cities\n0731: Flak Areas MASAF.\n0732-0739: 15th AF Priority Targets\n0740-0741: Reports on Strafing of lines of communications by fighter aircraft.\n0742: Material taken by airship to Washington.\n*Formerly called Bombing Reports No. 2"],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ids_ssim":["480e46a504f2fba6b1588537"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"unitid_ssm":["023","/repositories/10/archival_objects/34268"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"collection_ssim":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":87,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open to all researchers."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"date_range_isim":[1944],"containers_ssim":["02.0047 - Box 3","folder 023"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA collection of reports on a variety of topics in the MAAF and 15th AF. Microfilm pages from 0651-0742. Reports range from September to December 1944.\n0651-0652: Smoke Screens.\n0653-0654: Smoke Defense of Ploesti.\n0655-0658: Discussion of potential targets for attack at 15th AF HQ.\n0659: Innovation in bomber formations to avoid pathfinder failures, which led to flight abortions.\n0660-0667: MAAF Targets proposed for study by USSBS.\n0668-0672: Target Intel Report that emphasizes destruction of oil and communications targets. Includes two maps.\n0673-0676: Progress of the War Against Germany.\n0677-0681: Maps of types of targets for MAAF Bombers.\n0682: Extending Operating Range of 15th AF With Budapest Bases.\n0683-0686: Maps of Central European Theater and MAAF Bombing Targets.\n0687-0689: Risks of Overbombing.\n0690-0691: Air Photography. While not clearly important, it is being hampered by the seperation of facilitiesfor development and interpretation of film from strategic operational agencies.\n0692: Too faded to view.\n0693-0695: Smoke screens.\n0696-0727: \"The Economic Effects of Allied Attacks in Force on German Targets, 1st April 1944 and 30th June, 1944.\" Produced by the Ministry of Home Security Research and Experiments Department.\n0728-0730: PFF Targets, Principal Cities\n0731: Flak Areas MASAF.\n0732-0739: 15th AF Priority Targets\n0740-0741: Reports on Strafing of lines of communications by fighter aircraft.\n0742: Material taken by airship to Washington.\n*Formerly called Bombing Reports No. 2\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["A collection of reports on a variety of topics in the MAAF and 15th AF. Microfilm pages from 0651-0742. Reports range from September to December 1944.\n0651-0652: Smoke Screens.\n0653-0654: Smoke Defense of Ploesti.\n0655-0658: Discussion of potential targets for attack at 15th AF HQ.\n0659: Innovation in bomber formations to avoid pathfinder failures, which led to flight abortions.\n0660-0667: MAAF Targets proposed for study by USSBS.\n0668-0672: Target Intel Report that emphasizes destruction of oil and communications targets. Includes two maps.\n0673-0676: Progress of the War Against Germany.\n0677-0681: Maps of types of targets for MAAF Bombers.\n0682: Extending Operating Range of 15th AF With Budapest Bases.\n0683-0686: Maps of Central European Theater and MAAF Bombing Targets.\n0687-0689: Risks of Overbombing.\n0690-0691: Air Photography. While not clearly important, it is being hampered by the seperation of facilitiesfor development and interpretation of film from strategic operational agencies.\n0692: Too faded to view.\n0693-0695: Smoke screens.\n0696-0727: \"The Economic Effects of Allied Attacks in Force on German Targets, 1st April 1944 and 30th June, 1944.\" Produced by the Ministry of Home Security Research and Experiments Department.\n0728-0730: PFF Targets, Principal Cities\n0731: Flak Areas MASAF.\n0732-0739: 15th AF Priority Targets\n0740-0741: Reports on Strafing of lines of communications by fighter aircraft.\n0742: Material taken by airship to Washington.\n*Formerly called Bombing Reports No. 2"],"_nest_path_":"/components#86","_nest_parent_":"480e46a504f2fba6b1588537","_root_":"480e46a504f2fba6b1588537","timestamp":"2026-07-10T05:44:27.461Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"480e46a504f2fba6b1588537","title_filing_ssi":"484th Bombardment Group Association papers","title_ssm":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers"],"title_tesim":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers"],"ead_ssi":"480e46a504f2fba6b1588537","unitdate_ssm":["1939-1998"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1939-1998"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["02.0047","/repositories/10/resources/197"],"text":["02.0047","/repositories/10/resources/197","484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998","Foggia (Italy)","B-24 (Bomber)","World War, 1939-1945--Aerial operations","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Italy","World War, 1939-1945--Yugoslavia","World War, 1939-1945--Austria","This collection is open to all researchers.","Constituted as 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) on September 14, 1943, the group officially activated on September 20th. Trained for combat with B-24 Liberator heavy bombers, the group transferred to Torretto Airfield in Italy during March and April 1944. Torretta airfield (also known as Cerignola #3) served as a semi-permanent heavy bomber airfield located approximately 14km (9 miles) southwest of Cerignola in Apulia, Italy.  This airbase would eventually form part of the Foggia Airfield Complex.  Assigned to Fifteenth Air Force, the group was redesignated the 484th Bombardment Group (Pathfinder) in May 1944 but did not perform pathfinder functions. Again, redesignated 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) in November 1944, the group operated primarily as a strategic bombardment organization through to April 1945.\n The group attacked targets such as oil refineries, oil storage plants, aircraft factories, heavy industry, and communications in Italy, France, Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Rumania, and Yugoslavia. On June 13, 1944, a heavy smoke screen prevented the group from bombing marshaling yards at Munich. In spite of severe damage from German flak and fighters, and despite heavy gunfire encountered at the alternate target, the group bombed marshaling yards at Innsbruck and received a Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC) for its persistent action. The group received a second DUC for performance on August 22, 1944, when, unescorted, the organization fought its way through an intense opposition to attack underground oil storage installations in Vienna. In addition to strategic missions, the 484th supported the allied ground drive toward Rome by bombing bridges, supply dumps, viaducts, and marshaling yards from April to June 1944. Furthermore, the group ferried gasoline and oil to Allied forces in southern France during September 1944 and supported the final advance through northern Italy.  Moved to Casablanca in May 1945, the group was assigned to Air Transport Command and subsequently deactivated in French Morocco on July 25, 1945. Squadrons assigned to the group included the 824th, 825th, 826th, and 827th. Stations assigned for the group during the war included Harvard AAF,  Nebraska from September 20, 1943, to March 2, 1944; Torretta AAF, Italy from April 1944-May 1945; and Casablanca, French Morocco, from May 25 to July 25, 1945. The assigned commanders included Colonel William B Keese from October 1943 to April 1945 and Lieutenant Colonel Chester C. Busch from April 1945 to deactivation","History of  The Torretta Flyer  newsletter:","Bud Markel wrote the history of the 484th Bomb Group and preserved it in  The Torretta Flyer.  He and his wife Bea organized the first reunion of the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups in May of 1981.  In December of 1981, the 461st and 484th Bomb Groups Association were incorporated in the state of California as a non-profit corporation. Starting with a newsletter bulletin to keep early members up to date on the fledgling organization, the name  The Torretta Flyer  was first applied to newsletter number 4. In 1992 the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups formed their own separate associations. Bud was the president of the 484th BG Association and the editor of  The Torretta Flyer  until the association was disbanded in 2001.  An excellent writer, photographer, aviation historian, and organizer, Bud published  The Torretta Flyer  twice yearly for 20 years.  With the help of Bea, he also organized and hosted annual reunions for the association.  The Torretta Flyer  evolved from a mimeographed newsletter into a fine glossy magazine filled with photographs, data compiled from official sources, letters and stories written by members, and scholarly contributions from writers in the historical aviation field.  When the 484th BG Association was disbanded, Bud and Bea donated 50 1200 page bound two-volume sets of  The Torretta Flyer  to various libraries and museums around the country.  Bud Markel flew 35 combat missions as a B-24 engineer between January and May of 1945.  He was employed as an A\u0026P mechanic for United Airlines in Los Angeles from 1948 until retirement.  He was especially proud of the 484th BG Association scholarship fund which was originally conceived as a living memorial to the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups.  Through this fund, the association donated $53,000 to deserving high school students from the area around Cerignola, Italy.  The Torretta Flyer  is copyright © 484th Bomb Group Association","Link to The Torretta Flyer newsletter index:  http://www.484th.org/Torretta%20Flyer/Torretta%20Flyer.htm","Source:","\"484th Bombardment Group (H).\" www.484th.org. Accessed June 8, 2018. http://www.484th.org/.","Note written by Dick Olson, 484th Bombardment Group Association Historian","Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022.","Link to official website of the 484th Bombardment Group Association:   http://www.484th.org/ . This website is also included in an  Internet Archive web collection  for the World War II Archives. ","The Internet Archive collection includes the website for the 461st Bombardment Group (H).","This collection relates to the 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) that was assigned to the 15th Air Force and based in Torretta, Italy as a component of the Foggia Airfield Complex during World War II and assigned B-24 Liberator heavy bombers.  The materials contained in this collection were subsequently assembled during the post-war period by the 484th Bombardment Group Association.  The collection contains official reports, data sheets, statistics, newspapers, Missing Air Crew Reports, personal histories, photographs, and unit histories.","All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.","Claude Pepper Library","FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","484th Bombardment Group Association","United States. Army Air Forces, Bombardment Group (H), 484th","English"],"unitid_tesim":["02.0047","/repositories/10/resources/197"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1939-1998"],"normalized_title_ssm":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998"],"collection_title_tesim":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998"],"collection_ssim":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998"],"repository_ssm":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Foggia (Italy)"],"geogname_ssim":["Foggia (Italy)"],"creator_ssm":["484th Bombardment Group Association"],"creator_ssim":["484th Bombardment Group Association"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["484th Bombardment Group Association"],"creators_ssim":["484th Bombardment Group Association"],"places_ssim":["Foggia (Italy)"],"access_terms_ssm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"access_subjects_ssim":["B-24 (Bomber)","World War, 1939-1945--Aerial operations","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Italy","World War, 1939-1945--Yugoslavia","World War, 1939-1945--Austria"],"access_subjects_ssm":["B-24 (Bomber)","World War, 1939-1945--Aerial operations","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Italy","World War, 1939-1945--Yugoslavia","World War, 1939-1945--Austria"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["17 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["17 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to all researchers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to all researchers."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eConstituted as 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) on September 14, 1943, the group officially activated on September 20th. Trained for combat with B-24 Liberator heavy bombers, the group transferred to Torretto Airfield in Italy during March and April 1944. Torretta airfield (also known as Cerignola #3) served as a semi-permanent heavy bomber airfield located approximately 14km (9 miles) southwest of Cerignola in Apulia, Italy.\u0026#xA0; This airbase would eventually form part of the Foggia Airfield Complex.\u0026#xA0; Assigned to Fifteenth Air Force, the group was redesignated the 484th Bombardment Group (Pathfinder) in May 1944 but did not perform pathfinder functions. Again, redesignated 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) in November 1944, the group operated primarily as a strategic bombardment organization through to April 1945.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe group attacked targets such as oil refineries, oil storage plants, aircraft factories, heavy industry, and communications in Italy, France, Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Rumania, and Yugoslavia. On June 13, 1944, a heavy smoke screen prevented the group from bombing marshaling yards at Munich. In spite of severe damage from German flak and fighters, and despite heavy gunfire encountered at the alternate target, the group bombed marshaling yards at Innsbruck and received a Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC) for its persistent action. The group received a second DUC for performance on August 22, 1944, when, unescorted, the organization fought its way through an intense opposition to attack underground oil storage installations in Vienna. In addition to strategic missions, the 484th supported the allied ground drive toward Rome by bombing bridges, supply dumps, viaducts, and marshaling yards from April to June 1944. Furthermore, the group ferried gasoline and oil to Allied forces in southern France during September 1944 and supported the final advance through northern Italy.\u0026#xA0; Moved to Casablanca in May 1945, the group was assigned to Air Transport Command and subsequently deactivated in French Morocco on July 25, 1945. Squadrons assigned to the group included the 824th, 825th, 826th, and 827th. Stations assigned for the group during the war included Harvard AAF,\u0026#xA0; Nebraska from September 20, 1943, to March 2, 1944; Torretta AAF, Italy from April 1944-May 1945; and Casablanca, French Morocco, from May 25 to July 25, 1945. The assigned commanders included Colonel William B Keese from October 1943 to April 1945 and Lieutenant Colonel Chester C. Busch from April 1945 to deactivation\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistory of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e newsletter:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBud Markel wrote the history of the 484th Bomb Group and preserved it in \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer.\u003c/emph\u003e He and his wife Bea organized the first reunion of the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups in May of 1981.\u0026#xA0; In December of 1981, the 461st and 484th Bomb Groups Association were incorporated in the state of California as a non-profit corporation. Starting with a newsletter bulletin to keep early members up to date on the fledgling organization, the name \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e was first applied to newsletter number 4. In 1992 the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups formed their own separate associations. Bud was the president of the 484th BG Association and the editor of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e until the association was disbanded in 2001.\u0026#xA0; An excellent writer, photographer, aviation historian, and organizer, Bud published \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e twice yearly for 20 years.\u0026#xA0; With the help of Bea, he also organized and hosted annual reunions for the association. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e evolved from a mimeographed newsletter into a fine glossy magazine filled with photographs, data compiled from official sources, letters and stories written by members, and scholarly contributions from writers in the historical aviation field.\u0026#xA0; When the 484th BG Association was disbanded, Bud and Bea donated 50 1200 page bound two-volume sets of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e to various libraries and museums around the country.\u0026#xA0; Bud Markel flew 35 combat missions as a B-24 engineer between January and May of 1945.\u0026#xA0; He was employed as an A\u0026amp;P mechanic for United Airlines in Los Angeles from 1948 until retirement.\u0026#xA0; He was especially proud of the 484th BG Association scholarship fund which was originally conceived as a living memorial to the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups.\u0026#xA0; Through this fund, the association donated $53,000 to deserving high school students from the area around Cerignola, Italy. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e is copyright \u0026#xA9; 484th Bomb Group Association\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLink to The Torretta Flyer newsletter index: \u003cextref href=\"http://www.484th.org/Torretta%20Flyer/Torretta%20Flyer.htm\"\u003ehttp://www.484th.org/Torretta%20Flyer/Torretta%20Flyer.htm\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSource:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"484th Bombardment Group (H).\" www.484th.org. Accessed June 8, 2018. http://www.484th.org/.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNote written by Dick Olson, 484th Bombardment Group Association Historian\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Constituted as 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) on September 14, 1943, the group officially activated on September 20th. Trained for combat with B-24 Liberator heavy bombers, the group transferred to Torretto Airfield in Italy during March and April 1944. Torretta airfield (also known as Cerignola #3) served as a semi-permanent heavy bomber airfield located approximately 14km (9 miles) southwest of Cerignola in Apulia, Italy.  This airbase would eventually form part of the Foggia Airfield Complex.  Assigned to Fifteenth Air Force, the group was redesignated the 484th Bombardment Group (Pathfinder) in May 1944 but did not perform pathfinder functions. Again, redesignated 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) in November 1944, the group operated primarily as a strategic bombardment organization through to April 1945.\n The group attacked targets such as oil refineries, oil storage plants, aircraft factories, heavy industry, and communications in Italy, France, Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Rumania, and Yugoslavia. On June 13, 1944, a heavy smoke screen prevented the group from bombing marshaling yards at Munich. In spite of severe damage from German flak and fighters, and despite heavy gunfire encountered at the alternate target, the group bombed marshaling yards at Innsbruck and received a Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC) for its persistent action. The group received a second DUC for performance on August 22, 1944, when, unescorted, the organization fought its way through an intense opposition to attack underground oil storage installations in Vienna. In addition to strategic missions, the 484th supported the allied ground drive toward Rome by bombing bridges, supply dumps, viaducts, and marshaling yards from April to June 1944. Furthermore, the group ferried gasoline and oil to Allied forces in southern France during September 1944 and supported the final advance through northern Italy.  Moved to Casablanca in May 1945, the group was assigned to Air Transport Command and subsequently deactivated in French Morocco on July 25, 1945. Squadrons assigned to the group included the 824th, 825th, 826th, and 827th. Stations assigned for the group during the war included Harvard AAF,  Nebraska from September 20, 1943, to March 2, 1944; Torretta AAF, Italy from April 1944-May 1945; and Casablanca, French Morocco, from May 25 to July 25, 1945. The assigned commanders included Colonel William B Keese from October 1943 to April 1945 and Lieutenant Colonel Chester C. Busch from April 1945 to deactivation","History of  The Torretta Flyer  newsletter:","Bud Markel wrote the history of the 484th Bomb Group and preserved it in  The Torretta Flyer.  He and his wife Bea organized the first reunion of the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups in May of 1981.  In December of 1981, the 461st and 484th Bomb Groups Association were incorporated in the state of California as a non-profit corporation. Starting with a newsletter bulletin to keep early members up to date on the fledgling organization, the name  The Torretta Flyer  was first applied to newsletter number 4. In 1992 the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups formed their own separate associations. Bud was the president of the 484th BG Association and the editor of  The Torretta Flyer  until the association was disbanded in 2001.  An excellent writer, photographer, aviation historian, and organizer, Bud published  The Torretta Flyer  twice yearly for 20 years.  With the help of Bea, he also organized and hosted annual reunions for the association.  The Torretta Flyer  evolved from a mimeographed newsletter into a fine glossy magazine filled with photographs, data compiled from official sources, letters and stories written by members, and scholarly contributions from writers in the historical aviation field.  When the 484th BG Association was disbanded, Bud and Bea donated 50 1200 page bound two-volume sets of  The Torretta Flyer  to various libraries and museums around the country.  Bud Markel flew 35 combat missions as a B-24 engineer between January and May of 1945.  He was employed as an A\u0026P mechanic for United Airlines in Los Angeles from 1948 until retirement.  He was especially proud of the 484th BG Association scholarship fund which was originally conceived as a living memorial to the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups.  Through this fund, the association donated $53,000 to deserving high school students from the area around Cerignola, Italy.  The Torretta Flyer  is copyright © 484th Bomb Group Association","Link to The Torretta Flyer newsletter index:  http://www.484th.org/Torretta%20Flyer/Torretta%20Flyer.htm","Source:","\"484th Bombardment Group (H).\" www.484th.org. Accessed June 8, 2018. http://www.484th.org/.","Note written by Dick Olson, 484th Bombardment Group Association Historian"],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTransferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives in July 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], 484th Bombardment Group Association papers, Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_02_0047\"\u003ehttp://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_02_0047\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], 484th Bombardment Group Association papers, Special Collections \u0026 Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida.  http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_02_0047 ."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLink to official website of the 484th Bombardment Group Association:\u0026#xA0; \u003cextref href=\"http://www.484th.org/\"\u003ehttp://www.484th.org/\u003c/extref\u003e. This website is also included in an \u003cextref href=\"https://archive-it.org/collections/10115\"\u003eInternet Archive web collection\u003c/extref\u003e for the World War II Archives. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Internet Archive collection includes the website for the 461st Bombardment Group (H).\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials - Related Publications"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Link to official website of the 484th Bombardment Group Association:   http://www.484th.org/ . This website is also included in an  Internet Archive web collection  for the World War II Archives. ","The Internet Archive collection includes the website for the 461st Bombardment Group (H)."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection relates to the 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) that was assigned to the 15th Air Force and based in Torretta, Italy as a component of the Foggia Airfield Complex during World War II and assigned B-24 Liberator heavy bombers.\u0026#xA0; The materials contained in this collection were subsequently assembled during the post-war period by the 484th Bombardment Group Association.\u0026#xA0; The collection contains official reports, data sheets, statistics, newspapers, Missing Air Crew Reports, personal histories, photographs, and unit histories.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection relates to the 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) that was assigned to the 15th Air Force and based in Torretta, Italy as a component of the Foggia Airfield Complex during World War II and assigned B-24 Liberator heavy bombers.  The materials contained in this collection were subsequently assembled during the post-war period by the 484th Bombardment Group Association.  The collection contains official reports, data sheets, statistics, newspapers, Missing Air Crew Reports, personal histories, photographs, and unit histories."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_dc95db454fe0ad060bd914009fe90431\"\u003eClaude Pepper Library\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Claude Pepper Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["484th Bombardment Group Association","United States. Army Air Forces, Bombardment Group (H), 484th"],"names_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","484th Bombardment Group Association","United States. Army Air Forces, Bombardment Group (H), 484th"],"corpname_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","484th Bombardment Group Association","United States. Army Air Forces, Bombardment Group (H), 484th"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":315,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"480e46a504f2fba6b1588537","timestamp":"2026-07-10T05:44:27.461Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/480e46a504f2fba6b1588537_aspace_222040"}},{"id":"acd92a5aa7d9fcd753e986eb_aspace_fdc3bfc3c6de9a9e1cd9afd26d33a218","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"15th Anniversary celebration, 2017","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/acd92a5aa7d9fcd753e986eb_aspace_fdc3bfc3c6de9a9e1cd9afd26d33a218#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_fdc3bfc3c6de9a9e1cd9afd26d33a218","ref_ssm":["aspace_fdc3bfc3c6de9a9e1cd9afd26d33a218","aspace_fdc3bfc3c6de9a9e1cd9afd26d33a218"],"id":"acd92a5aa7d9fcd753e986eb_aspace_fdc3bfc3c6de9a9e1cd9afd26d33a218","title_filing_ssi":"15th Anniversary celebration","title_ssm":["15th Anniversary celebration"],"title_tesim":["15th Anniversary celebration"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["2017"],"normalized_date_ssm":["2017"],"normalized_title_ssm":["15th Anniversary celebration, 2017"],"text":["15th Anniversary celebration, 2017","AARLCC History Collection, 1995-Present","Events, exhibits, and programing","/repositories/2/archival_objects/19941","box 2","folder 16"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["acd92a5aa7d9fcd753e986eb","acd92a5aa7d9fcd753e986eb_aspace_637024f84095172f8093ecc737280891"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["AARLCC History Collection, 1995-Present","Events, exhibits, and programing"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["AARLCC History Collection, 1995-Present","Events, exhibits, and programing"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/2/archival_objects/19941"],"repository_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["AARLCC History Collection, 1995-Present"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":45,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The AARLCC History Collection is open for research."],"date_range_isim":[2017],"containers_ssim":["box 2","folder 16"],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#6","_nest_parent_":"acd92a5aa7d9fcd753e986eb_aspace_637024f84095172f8093ecc737280891","_root_":"acd92a5aa7d9fcd753e986eb","_version_":1876455834073956352,"timestamp":"2026-09-16T03:02:14.826Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"acd92a5aa7d9fcd753e986eb","title_filing_ssi":"AARLCC History Collection","title_ssm":["AARLCC History Collection"],"title_tesim":["AARLCC History Collection"],"ead_ssi":"acd92a5aa7d9fcd753e986eb","unitdate_ssm":["1995-Present"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1995-Present"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["AARLCC.2024.1","/repositories/2/resources/377"],"text":["AARLCC.2024.1","/repositories/2/resources/377","AARLCC History Collection, 1995-Present","Broward County Library -- History","Library directors","African American librarians","Libraries and Black people","Public libraries -- Florida -- Fort Lauderdale","The AARLCC History Collection is open for research.","Accruals to the AARLCC History Collection are expected.","Inspired and spearheaded by Samuel Morrison, librarian and thirteen-year director of the Broward County Library system, the African-American Research Library and Cultural Center (AARLCC) opened on October 6, 2002. It replaced the Von D. Mizell Library in the historic Sistrunk neighborhood, Fort Lauderdale's historically Black neighborhood. ","In late 1995 the Broward County Commission pledged funding to build AARLCC, beginning the library's design and construction planning. Over the next 7 years, community fundraising efforts matched and then surpassed the funding allocated by the county, surpassing millions of dollars. The architectural and design firm PAWA Complex International won the contract to design the structure. The building's interior design was completed by Cecil Hayes. Multiple public art projects also went into the original design of the building, including the Harambe Room by Gary Moore, \"The Bridge\" sculpture by George Gadson, and \"The Adinkra Tribute\" by C. J. Lattimore.","Opened as the third public library dedicated to Black research in the United States - along with the Schomburg Center for Research and Black Culture in New York and the Auburn Avenue Research Library in Atlanta - AARLCC distinguished itself by focusing on Caribbean and South American Black history in addition to African-American and African history. To achieve this mission, AARLCC houses the AARLCC Special Collections which continually works to archive and digitize collections for public access. Notable archival collections include the Alex Haley Collection, the Doroty Porter Wesley Collection, and the Niara Sudarkasa Collection. ","In addition to the aforementioned missions, AARLCC serves as a public library branch for the local community, providing patrons with essential resources such as book lending, computer and internet access, reading rooms, and an assortment of programming. The library also has a museum gallery on the first floor featuring large-scale exhibits.","AARLCC's first executive director was Arglenda Friday, who resigned for unforseen personal circumstances in 2001. Easter Wilcher served as the interim director until the library found a replacement. Julie Hunter became the second director, serving from 2002 to 2006 and overseeing the library's grand opening and early programming. She was succeeded by Alicia Antone (2006-January 2008), Elaina Norlin (2009-2019), Makiba Foster (2019-2022), and Dr. Tameka Bradley (2022-present). ","This collection received file level processing and a finding aid was created by Adam Anderson in Feburary 2024. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection.","The AARLCC History Collection documents the history of the African American Research Library and Cultural Center (AARLCC) in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. The materials contain information about the inception of the library branch in 1995, its subsequent design and construction, and fundraising efforts. It also contains information about the AARLCC's programming, exhibits, staff, and special events since the grand opening in 2002 to the present. The collection materials include brochures, events, newspaper clippings, correspondence, reports, printed materials, blueprints, photographs, born-digital materials, and audio-visual materials.","The AARLCC History Collection documents the history of the African American Research Library and Cultural Center (AARLCC) in Fort Lauderdale, Florida.","AARLCC Special Collections","African American Research Library and Cultural Center","English"],"unitid_tesim":["AARLCC.2024.1","/repositories/2/resources/377"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1995-Present"],"normalized_title_ssm":["AARLCC History Collection, 1995-Present"],"collection_title_tesim":["AARLCC History Collection, 1995-Present"],"collection_ssim":["AARLCC History Collection, 1995-Present"],"repository_ssm":["AARLCC Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections"],"creator_ssm":["African American Research Library and Cultural Center"],"creator_ssim":["African American Research Library and Cultural Center"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["African American Research Library and Cultural Center"],"creators_ssim":["African American Research Library and Cultural Center"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Broward County Library -- History","Library directors","African American librarians","Libraries and Black people","Public libraries -- Florida -- Fort Lauderdale"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Broward County Library -- History","Library directors","African American librarians","Libraries and Black people","Public libraries -- Florida -- Fort Lauderdale"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["8 Hollinger Boxes","2 Boxes (irregular size)"],"extent_tesim":["8 Hollinger Boxes","2 Boxes (irregular size)"],"date_range_isim":[1995],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe AARLCC History Collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The AARLCC History Collection is open for research."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAccruals to the AARLCC History Collection are expected.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals"],"accruals_tesim":["Accruals to the AARLCC History Collection are expected."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eInspired and spearheaded by Samuel Morrison, librarian and thirteen-year director of the Broward County Library system, the African-American Research Library and Cultural Center (AARLCC) opened on October 6, 2002. It replaced the Von D. Mizell Library in the historic Sistrunk neighborhood, Fort Lauderdale's historically Black neighborhood. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn late 1995 the Broward County Commission pledged funding to build AARLCC, beginning the library's design and construction planning. Over the next 7 years, community fundraising efforts matched and then surpassed the funding allocated by the county, surpassing millions of dollars. The architectural and design firm PAWA Complex International won the contract to design the structure. The building's interior design was completed by Cecil Hayes. Multiple public art projects also went into the original design of the building, including the Harambe Room by Gary Moore, \"The Bridge\" sculpture by George Gadson, and \"The Adinkra Tribute\" by C. J. Lattimore.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOpened as the third public library dedicated to Black research in the United States - along with the Schomburg Center for Research and Black Culture in New York and the Auburn Avenue Research Library in Atlanta - AARLCC distinguished itself by focusing on Caribbean and South American Black history in addition to African-American and African history. To achieve this mission, AARLCC houses the AARLCC Special Collections which continually works to archive and digitize collections for public access. Notable archival collections include the Alex Haley Collection, the Doroty Porter Wesley Collection, and the Niara Sudarkasa Collection. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to the aforementioned missions, AARLCC serves as a public library branch for the local community, providing patrons with essential resources such as book lending, computer and internet access, reading rooms, and an assortment of programming. The library also has a museum gallery on the first floor featuring large-scale exhibits.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAARLCC's first executive director was Arglenda Friday, who resigned for unforseen personal circumstances in 2001. Easter Wilcher served as the interim director until the library found a replacement. Julie Hunter became the second director, serving from 2002 to 2006 and overseeing the library's grand opening and early programming. She was succeeded by Alicia Antone (2006-January 2008), Elaina Norlin (2009-2019), Makiba Foster (2019-2022), and Dr. Tameka Bradley (2022-present). \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Inspired and spearheaded by Samuel Morrison, librarian and thirteen-year director of the Broward County Library system, the African-American Research Library and Cultural Center (AARLCC) opened on October 6, 2002. It replaced the Von D. Mizell Library in the historic Sistrunk neighborhood, Fort Lauderdale's historically Black neighborhood. ","In late 1995 the Broward County Commission pledged funding to build AARLCC, beginning the library's design and construction planning. Over the next 7 years, community fundraising efforts matched and then surpassed the funding allocated by the county, surpassing millions of dollars. The architectural and design firm PAWA Complex International won the contract to design the structure. The building's interior design was completed by Cecil Hayes. Multiple public art projects also went into the original design of the building, including the Harambe Room by Gary Moore, \"The Bridge\" sculpture by George Gadson, and \"The Adinkra Tribute\" by C. J. Lattimore.","Opened as the third public library dedicated to Black research in the United States - along with the Schomburg Center for Research and Black Culture in New York and the Auburn Avenue Research Library in Atlanta - AARLCC distinguished itself by focusing on Caribbean and South American Black history in addition to African-American and African history. To achieve this mission, AARLCC houses the AARLCC Special Collections which continually works to archive and digitize collections for public access. Notable archival collections include the Alex Haley Collection, the Doroty Porter Wesley Collection, and the Niara Sudarkasa Collection. ","In addition to the aforementioned missions, AARLCC serves as a public library branch for the local community, providing patrons with essential resources such as book lending, computer and internet access, reading rooms, and an assortment of programming. The library also has a museum gallery on the first floor featuring large-scale exhibits.","AARLCC's first executive director was Arglenda Friday, who resigned for unforseen personal circumstances in 2001. Easter Wilcher served as the interim director until the library found a replacement. Julie Hunter became the second director, serving from 2002 to 2006 and overseeing the library's grand opening and early programming. She was succeeded by Alicia Antone (2006-January 2008), Elaina Norlin (2009-2019), Makiba Foster (2019-2022), and Dr. Tameka Bradley (2022-present). "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAARLCC History Collection, African American Research Library and Cultural Center, Broward County Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["AARLCC History Collection, African American Research Library and Cultural Center, Broward County Library."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection received file level processing and a finding aid was created by Adam Anderson in Feburary 2024. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This collection received file level processing and a finding aid was created by Adam Anderson in Feburary 2024. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe AARLCC History Collection documents the history of the African American Research Library and Cultural Center (AARLCC) in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. The materials contain information about the inception of the library branch in 1995, its subsequent design and construction, and fundraising efforts. It also contains information about the AARLCC's programming, exhibits, staff, and special events since the grand opening in 2002 to the present. The collection materials include brochures, events, newspaper clippings, correspondence, reports, printed materials, blueprints, photographs, born-digital materials, and audio-visual materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The AARLCC History Collection documents the history of the African American Research Library and Cultural Center (AARLCC) in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. The materials contain information about the inception of the library branch in 1995, its subsequent design and construction, and fundraising efforts. It also contains information about the AARLCC's programming, exhibits, staff, and special events since the grand opening in 2002 to the present. The collection materials include brochures, events, newspaper clippings, correspondence, reports, printed materials, blueprints, photographs, born-digital materials, and audio-visual materials."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_3c826a2397e08456847b304e6464edf0\"\u003eThe AARLCC History Collection documents the history of the African American Research Library and Cultural Center (AARLCC) in Fort Lauderdale, Florida.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The AARLCC History Collection documents the history of the African American Research Library and Cultural Center (AARLCC) in Fort Lauderdale, Florida."],"names_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections","African American Research Library and Cultural Center"],"corpname_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections","African American Research Library and Cultural Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":150,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1876455834073956352,"_root_":"acd92a5aa7d9fcd753e986eb","timestamp":"2026-09-16T03:02:14.826Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/acd92a5aa7d9fcd753e986eb_aspace_fdc3bfc3c6de9a9e1cd9afd26d33a218"}},{"id":"731369245814d8ade7a56926_aspace_107539","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"15th Annual Convention of the Florida AFL-CIO, Jacksonville, October 12, 1971","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/731369245814d8ade7a56926_aspace_107539#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_107539","ref_ssm":["aspace_107539","aspace_107539"],"id":"731369245814d8ade7a56926_aspace_107539","title_filing_ssi":"15th Annual Convention of the Florida AFL-CIO, Jacksonville","title_ssm":["15th Annual Convention of the Florida AFL-CIO, Jacksonville"],"title_tesim":["15th Annual Convention of the Florida AFL-CIO, Jacksonville"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["October 12, 1971"],"normalized_date_ssm":["October 12, 1971"],"normalized_title_ssm":["15th Annual Convention of the Florida AFL-CIO, Jacksonville, October 12, 1971"],"text":["15th Annual Convention of the Florida AFL-CIO, Jacksonville, October 12, 1971","Tom Adams collection, 1950-1980, Date acquired: 00/00/1999, bulk 1962-1974","Speeches by Tom Adams","Box 15","Folder 31","/repositories/2/archival_objects/56355","box 15","folder 31"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["731369245814d8ade7a56926","731369245814d8ade7a56926_aspace_106873","731369245814d8ade7a56926_aspace_107490"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Tom Adams collection, 1950-1980, Date acquired: 00/00/1999, bulk 1962-1974","Speeches by Tom Adams","Box 15"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Tom Adams collection, 1950-1980, Date acquired: 00/00/1999, bulk 1962-1974","Speeches by Tom Adams","Box 15"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Box"],"unitid_ssm":["Folder 31","/repositories/2/archival_objects/56355"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Tom Adams collection, 1950-1980, Date acquired: 00/00/1999, bulk 1962-1974"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":608,"parent_access_terms_tesm":["None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information."],"containers_ssim":["box 15","folder 31"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#14/components#29","_nest_parent_":"731369245814d8ade7a56926_aspace_107490","_root_":"731369245814d8ade7a56926","_version_":1870862926758281216,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T09:25:22.674Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"731369245814d8ade7a56926","title_ssm":["Tom Adams collection"],"title_tesim":["Tom Adams collection"],"ead_ssi":"731369245814d8ade7a56926","unitdate_ssm":["1950-1980","1962-1974","Date acquired: 00/00/1999"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1962-1974"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1950-1980"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 00/00/1999"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-1999-01","/repositories/2/resources/354"],"text":["MS-1999-01","/repositories/2/resources/354","Tom Adams collection, 1950-1980, Date acquired: 00/00/1999, bulk 1962-1974","Florida -- Politics and government","The collection is divided into 10 series, such as speeches, clippings, correspondence, audiovisual materials, etc. Speeches are organized chronologically.","Florida native Thomas \"Tom\" Burton Adams was a Florida Senator from 1956-1960, Florida Secretary of State from 1961-1971, and served as lieutenant governor during Reubin Askew's first term as Governor (1971-1975). Prior to his political career, Adams worked in the dairy industry after returning from college at the University of Michigan. He also maintained a farm and was involved in the lumber industry and property management during this time. After a near-impeachment in 1973 mostly scuttled him from the political arena, Adams remained a slightly eccentric yet endearing public figure, maintaining his flair for organizational involvement and was even chosen by former political opponent Claude Kirk in 1978 to become his statewide campaign chairman.","Note written by PC","The collection contains speeches by Adams, newspaper clippings, film and audio recordings, correspondence, photographs, newsletters, awards and plaques, as well as campaign signs and other items mostly focused on the period of Adams's political life when he was most active, the bulk of the materials ending with his lieutenant governorship in 1975.","None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information.","USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Adams, Tom, 1917-2006","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-1999-01","/repositories/2/resources/354"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1950-1980, Date acquired: 00/00/1999, bulk 1962-1974"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Tom Adams collection, 1950-1980, Date acquired: 00/00/1999, bulk 1962-1974"],"collection_title_tesim":["Tom Adams collection, 1950-1980, Date acquired: 00/00/1999, bulk 1962-1974"],"collection_ssim":["Tom Adams collection, 1950-1980, Date acquired: 00/00/1999, bulk 1962-1974"],"repository_ssm":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Florida -- Politics and government"],"geogname_ssim":["Florida -- Politics and government"],"creator_ssm":["Adams, Tom, 1917-2006"],"creator_ssim":["Adams, Tom, 1917-2006"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Adams, Tom, 1917-2006"],"creators_ssim":["Adams, Tom, 1917-2006"],"places_ssim":["Florida -- Politics and government"],"access_terms_ssm":["None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Tom Adams","Donation"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["17.07 Linear Feet","35 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["17.07 Linear Feet","35 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into 10 series, such as speeches, clippings, correspondence, audiovisual materials, etc. Speeches are organized chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into 10 series, such as speeches, clippings, correspondence, audiovisual materials, etc. Speeches are organized chronologically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFlorida native Thomas \"Tom\" Burton Adams was a Florida Senator from 1956-1960, Florida Secretary of State from 1961-1971, and served as lieutenant governor during Reubin Askew's first term as Governor (1971-1975). Prior to his political career, Adams worked in the dairy industry after returning from college at the University of Michigan. He also maintained a farm and was involved in the lumber industry and property management during this time. After a near-impeachment in 1973 mostly scuttled him from the political arena, Adams remained a slightly eccentric yet endearing public figure, maintaining his flair for organizational involvement and was even chosen by former political opponent Claude Kirk in 1978 to become his statewide campaign chairman.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote written by PC\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Florida native Thomas \"Tom\" Burton Adams was a Florida Senator from 1956-1960, Florida Secretary of State from 1961-1971, and served as lieutenant governor during Reubin Askew's first term as Governor (1971-1975). Prior to his political career, Adams worked in the dairy industry after returning from college at the University of Michigan. He also maintained a farm and was involved in the lumber industry and property management during this time. After a near-impeachment in 1973 mostly scuttled him from the political arena, Adams remained a slightly eccentric yet endearing public figure, maintaining his flair for organizational involvement and was even chosen by former political opponent Claude Kirk in 1978 to become his statewide campaign chairman.","Note written by PC"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTom Adams Collection, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Tom Adams Collection, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains speeches by Adams, newspaper clippings, film and audio recordings, correspondence, photographs, newsletters, awards and plaques, as well as campaign signs and other items mostly focused on the period of Adams's political life when he was most active, the bulk of the materials ending with his lieutenant governorship in 1975.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains speeches by Adams, newspaper clippings, film and audio recordings, correspondence, photographs, newsletters, awards and plaques, as well as campaign signs and other items mostly focused on the period of Adams's political life when he was most active, the bulk of the materials ending with his lieutenant governorship in 1975."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone.\u0026#xA0;The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.\u0026#xA0; Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at \u003cextref href=\"http://www.copyright.gov/\"\u003ehttp://www.copyright.gov/\u003c/extref\u003e for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information."],"names_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Adams, Tom, 1917-2006"],"corpname_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Adams, Tom, 1917-2006"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":946,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870862926758281216,"_root_":"731369245814d8ade7a56926","timestamp":"2026-07-16T09:25:22.674Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/731369245814d8ade7a56926_aspace_107539"}},{"id":"f1ff16916a6d0937b6ea28e7_aspace_ea33678d0b13f32bcb6ac6791db9a5ad","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"15th Annual European Study-Tour: Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, 1989","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/f1ff16916a6d0937b6ea28e7_aspace_ea33678d0b13f32bcb6ac6791db9a5ad#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_ea33678d0b13f32bcb6ac6791db9a5ad","ref_ssm":["aspace_ea33678d0b13f32bcb6ac6791db9a5ad","aspace_ea33678d0b13f32bcb6ac6791db9a5ad"],"id":"f1ff16916a6d0937b6ea28e7_aspace_ea33678d0b13f32bcb6ac6791db9a5ad","title_filing_ssi":"15th Annual European Study-Tour: Soviet Union and Eastern Europe\n\n","title_ssm":["15th Annual European Study-Tour: Soviet Union and Eastern Europe\n\n"],"title_tesim":["15th Annual European Study-Tour: Soviet Union and Eastern Europe\n\n"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1989"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1989"],"normalized_title_ssm":["15th Annual European Study-Tour: Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, 1989"],"text":["15th Annual European Study-Tour: Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, 1989","International Programs Records, 1974–2005 (with some undated items)","RG 103 001/1.12","/repositories/2/archival_objects/1176","English","box 1","folder 12"],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ids_ssim":["f1ff16916a6d0937b6ea28e7"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["International Programs Records, 1974–2005 (with some undated items)"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["International Programs Records, 1974–2005 (with some undated items)"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"unitid_ssm":["RG 103 001/1.12","/repositories/2/archival_objects/1176"],"repository_ssim":["Broward College Archives and Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["International Programs Records, 1974–2005 (with some undated items)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":12,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Open for research. Certain materials may have restrictions due to fragility or privacy."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Responsibility for securing copyright permission rests with the researcher. Reproduction is subject to material condition and institutional policy."],"date_range_isim":[1989],"language_ssim":["English"],"containers_ssim":["box 1","folder 12"],"_nest_path_":"/components#11","_nest_parent_":"f1ff16916a6d0937b6ea28e7","_root_":"f1ff16916a6d0937b6ea28e7","timestamp":"2026-07-09T01:26:34.906Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"f1ff16916a6d0937b6ea28e7","title_ssm":["International Programs Records"],"title_tesim":["International Programs Records"],"ead_ssi":"f1ff16916a6d0937b6ea28e7","unitdate_ssm":["1974–2005 (with some undated items)"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1974–2005 (with some undated items)"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["RG 103 001","/repositories/2/resources/16"],"text":["RG 103 001","/repositories/2/resources/16","International Programs Records, 1974–2005 (with some undated items)","Broward College","Foreign study","Students--Travel","College-school cooperation","Community colleges--International cooperation","International education--Activity programs","Open for research. Certain materials may have restrictions due to fragility or privacy.","Materials are filed in a single box in chronological order, with some undated files grouped by subject or type.","Since 1974, Broward College has played a pioneering role among U.S. community colleges in the field of international education. The International Programs division developed robust partnerships with foreign colleges and universities, facilitating degree completion for American and international students. Broward's programs have enabled participants to study abroad, gain cross-cultural experience, and access American-style education through formal partnerships and direct college-administered international offerings.","This collection contains program records, correspondence, promotional literature, itineraries, maps, articles, and reports related to the development and delivery of Broward College's international offerings. Topics include the Spain program, travel-study seminars across Europe and the Middle East, international business education, articles on academic partnerships, and first-person accounts of student experiences. The records document the evolution of study abroad opportunities, international site establishment, and faculty and student engagement in global learning.","Responsibility for securing copyright permission rests with the researcher. Reproduction is subject to material condition and institutional policy.","Broward College Archives and Special Collections ","International Programs, Broward College","English"],"unitid_tesim":["RG 103 001","/repositories/2/resources/16"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1974–2005 (with some undated items)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["International Programs Records, 1974–2005 (with some undated items)"],"collection_title_tesim":["International Programs Records, 1974–2005 (with some undated items)"],"collection_ssim":["International Programs Records, 1974–2005 (with some undated items)"],"repository_ssm":["Broward College Archives and Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["Broward College Archives and Special Collections"],"creator_ssm":["International Programs, Broward College"],"creator_ssim":["International Programs, Broward College"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["International Programs, Broward College"],"creators_ssim":["International Programs, Broward College"],"access_terms_ssm":["Responsibility for securing copyright permission rests with the researcher. Reproduction is subject to material condition and institutional policy."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Broward College","Foreign study","Students--Travel","College-school cooperation","Community colleges--International cooperation","International education--Activity programs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Broward College","Foreign study","Students--Travel","College-school cooperation","Community colleges--International cooperation","International education--Activity programs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 Linear Feet 1 box: 21 files: program documentation, correspondence, maps, articles"],"extent_tesim":["1 Linear Feet 1 box: 21 files: program documentation, correspondence, maps, articles"],"date_range_isim":[1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOpen for research. Certain materials may have restrictions due to fragility or privacy.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Open for research. Certain materials may have restrictions due to fragility or privacy."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials are filed in a single box in chronological order, with some undated files grouped by subject or type.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Materials are filed in a single box in chronological order, with some undated files grouped by subject or type."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSince 1974, Broward College has played a pioneering role among U.S. community colleges in the field of international education. The International Programs division developed robust partnerships with foreign colleges and universities, facilitating degree completion for American and international students. Broward's programs have enabled participants to study abroad, gain cross-cultural experience, and access American-style education through formal partnerships and direct college-administered international offerings.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Since 1974, Broward College has played a pioneering role among U.S. community colleges in the field of international education. The International Programs division developed robust partnerships with foreign colleges and universities, facilitating degree completion for American and international students. Broward's programs have enabled participants to study abroad, gain cross-cultural experience, and access American-style education through formal partnerships and direct college-administered international offerings."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecord Group 103 001, International Programs, Broward College Archives.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Record Group 103 001, International Programs, Broward College Archives."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains program records, correspondence, promotional literature, itineraries, maps, articles, and reports related to the development and delivery of Broward College's international offerings. Topics include the Spain program, travel-study seminars across Europe and the Middle East, international business education, articles on academic partnerships, and first-person accounts of student experiences. The records document the evolution of study abroad opportunities, international site establishment, and faculty and student engagement in global learning.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains program records, correspondence, promotional literature, itineraries, maps, articles, and reports related to the development and delivery of Broward College's international offerings. Topics include the Spain program, travel-study seminars across Europe and the Middle East, international business education, articles on academic partnerships, and first-person accounts of student experiences. The records document the evolution of study abroad opportunities, international site establishment, and faculty and student engagement in global learning."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResponsibility for securing copyright permission rests with the researcher. Reproduction is subject to material condition and institutional policy.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Responsibility for securing copyright permission rests with the researcher. Reproduction is subject to material condition and institutional policy."],"names_ssim":["Broward College Archives and Special Collections ","International Programs, Broward College"],"corpname_ssim":["Broward College Archives and Special Collections ","International Programs, Broward College"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":21,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"f1ff16916a6d0937b6ea28e7","timestamp":"2026-07-09T01:26:34.906Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/f1ff16916a6d0937b6ea28e7_aspace_ea33678d0b13f32bcb6ac6791db9a5ad"}},{"id":"c4b5143bd4fbeaf1b54b554c_aspace_944855a80b10cab602454d0ef22acceb","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"15 th Annual Report, June 1974","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/c4b5143bd4fbeaf1b54b554c_aspace_944855a80b10cab602454d0ef22acceb#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_944855a80b10cab602454d0ef22acceb","ref_ssm":["aspace_944855a80b10cab602454d0ef22acceb","aspace_944855a80b10cab602454d0ef22acceb"],"id":"c4b5143bd4fbeaf1b54b554c_aspace_944855a80b10cab602454d0ef22acceb","title_filing_ssi":"15 th Annual Report, June 1974","title_ssm":["15 th Annual Report, June 1974"],"title_tesim":["15 th Annual Report, June 1974"],"normalized_title_ssm":["15 th Annual Report, June 1974"],"text":["15 th Annual Report, June 1974","The Florida Citrus Reporter Collection, 1974-2005, 2009-2015","Box 3","Annual Reports","/repositories/3/archival_objects/11507","folder 13"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["c4b5143bd4fbeaf1b54b554c","c4b5143bd4fbeaf1b54b554c_aspace_a0ff44a8b27c07d54bfe5ceaf7a0fb0b","c4b5143bd4fbeaf1b54b554c_aspace_6464d7bde3323189ce72defc4bb73b2d"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["The Florida Citrus Reporter Collection, 1974-2005, 2009-2015","Box 3","Annual Reports"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["The Florida Citrus Reporter Collection, 1974-2005, 2009-2015","Box 3","Annual Reports"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Box","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/3/archival_objects/11507"],"repository_ssim":["Thomas B. Mack Florida Citrus Archives"],"collection_ssim":["The Florida Citrus Reporter Collection, 1974-2005, 2009-2015"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":55,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Permission to publish material from The Florida Citrus Reporter newsletter collection must be obtained from Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center or the appropriate copyright holder. Please inquire if you have questions at 863-680-4453."],"containers_ssim":["folder 13"],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#1/components#0","_nest_parent_":"c4b5143bd4fbeaf1b54b554c_aspace_6464d7bde3323189ce72defc4bb73b2d","_root_":"c4b5143bd4fbeaf1b54b554c","_version_":1870852022507405312,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T06:32:03.661Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"c4b5143bd4fbeaf1b54b554c","title_ssm":["The Florida Citrus Reporter Collection"],"title_tesim":["The Florida Citrus Reporter Collection"],"ead_ssi":"c4b5143bd4fbeaf1b54b554c","unitdate_ssm":["1974-2005","2009-2015"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1974-2005","2009-2015"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["CIT2090","/repositories/3/resources/29"],"text":["CIT2090","/repositories/3/resources/29","The Florida Citrus Reporter Collection, 1974-2005, 2009-2015","Florida Citrus Reporter","Citrus industry--Florida--Periodicals ","Gurnett, John D. \"Jack\"","Annual reports--Florida","Newsletters--Florida ","This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials.","The Florida Citrus Reporter was an independent citrus industry newsletter started by John D. \"Jack\" Gurnett on January 10, 1940. It provided an in-depth look at the industry and covered a range of topics including legislation, crop conditions, and scientific research relevant to the industry. In 1968, Gurnett's daughter Nancy Gurnett Hardy took over the role of Editor after his passing. Prior to her taking on the role, Gurnett Hardy had worked on the newsletter since the age of seven. During their respective times as Editor, both also wrote for other publications including local newspapers the Winter Haven News-Chief and Lakeland Ledger as well as industry publications such as The Produce News and Citrus Industry. In 1993, Jack Gurnett was posthumously inducted into the Florida Citrus Hall of Fame, and Nancy Gurnett Hardy was\ninducted in 2002. To date, they are the only father-daughter duo in the Hall of Fame. In 2002, Karen McEver took over the role of Editor shortly before Gurnett Hardy's death in 2003. McEver was a friend of Gurnett Hardy's and had joined the newsletter's writing staff in the 1980s.","The collection contains both originals and photocopies of bulletins. Originals bulletins are printed on goldenrod yellow paper.\nPlease note that Volume and Issue numbers reflect what is printed on the newsletter.","-Dates inside square brackets [MM/DD] indicate the publication date of an issue that\nshares the same issue number as another.","-In the 1970s, the Weekly Bulletin Volumes ran from the second week of January to the first week of January of the following year. Starting in 1980, however, the Weekly Bulletin volumes ran based on the calendar year (January through December). Furthermore, starting in 2002, the volume numbers appear to reflect the years since the newsletter's inception rather than the year ","For newsletters from 1966-1971, please see files 5, 9, and 10 in Box 109 of the James A.Haley Papers. ","This collection contains both the weekly bulletins published as well as the annual special reports published each year. The collection has been organized chronologically with weekly bulletins first then annual reports.","Weekly Bulletins were published on a weekly basis with hiatuses occurring around July and around the end of December to early January.","Annual Reports were published in late June to early July beginning in 1959. The annual reports served as a summation of the p\nrevious year's news stories and coincided with the end of the citrus season.\nThe series Other Writings by Editor includes articles and columns written by Nancy Gurnett Hardy during her time as Editor of The Florida Citrus Reporter.","Permission to publish material from The Florida Citrus Reporter newsletter collection must be obtained from Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center or the appropriate copyright holder. Please inquire if you have questions at 863-680-4453.","Thomas B. Mack Florida Citrus Archives","Gurnett, John D. \"Jack\"","English"],"unitid_tesim":["CIT2090","/repositories/3/resources/29"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1974-2005, 2009-2015"],"normalized_title_ssm":["The Florida Citrus Reporter Collection, 1974-2005, 2009-2015"],"collection_title_tesim":["The Florida Citrus Reporter Collection, 1974-2005, 2009-2015"],"collection_ssim":["The Florida Citrus Reporter Collection, 1974-2005, 2009-2015"],"repository_ssm":["Thomas B. Mack Florida Citrus Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Thomas B. Mack Florida Citrus Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Gurnett, John D. \"Jack\""],"creator_ssim":["Gurnett, John D. \"Jack\""],"creator_persname_ssim":["Gurnett, John D. \"Jack\""],"creators_ssim":["Gurnett, John D. \"Jack\""],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish material from The Florida Citrus Reporter newsletter collection must be obtained from Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center or the appropriate copyright holder. Please inquire if you have questions at 863-680-4453."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Florida Citrus Reporter newsletter collection was donated to the Thomas B. Mack Citrus Archives at an indeterminate time. The Thomas B. Mack Citrus Archives were transferred to the Roux Library in 2005 then to the McKay Archives Center in 2009."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Florida Citrus Reporter","Citrus industry--Florida--Periodicals ","Gurnett, John D. \"Jack\"","Annual reports--Florida","Newsletters--Florida "],"access_subjects_ssm":["Florida Citrus Reporter","Citrus industry--Florida--Periodicals ","Gurnett, John D. \"Jack\"","Annual reports--Florida","Newsletters--Florida "],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.84 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["1.84 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Newsletters--Florida "],"date_range_isim":[1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Florida Citrus Reporter was an independent citrus industry newsletter started by John D. \"Jack\" Gurnett on January 10, 1940. It provided an in-depth look at the industry and covered a range of topics including legislation, crop conditions, and scientific research relevant to the industry. In 1968, Gurnett's daughter Nancy Gurnett Hardy took over the role of Editor after his passing. Prior to her taking on the role, Gurnett Hardy had worked on the newsletter since the age of seven. During their respective times as Editor, both also wrote for other publications including local newspapers the Winter Haven News-Chief and Lakeland Ledger as well as industry publications such as The Produce News and Citrus Industry. In 1993, Jack Gurnett was posthumously inducted into the Florida Citrus Hall of Fame, and Nancy Gurnett Hardy was\ninducted in 2002. To date, they are the only father-daughter duo in the Hall of Fame. In 2002, Karen McEver took over the role of Editor shortly before Gurnett Hardy's death in 2003. McEver was a friend of Gurnett Hardy's and had joined the newsletter's writing staff in the 1980s.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Florida Citrus Reporter was an independent citrus industry newsletter started by John D. \"Jack\" Gurnett on January 10, 1940. It provided an in-depth look at the industry and covered a range of topics including legislation, crop conditions, and scientific research relevant to the industry. In 1968, Gurnett's daughter Nancy Gurnett Hardy took over the role of Editor after his passing. Prior to her taking on the role, Gurnett Hardy had worked on the newsletter since the age of seven. During their respective times as Editor, both also wrote for other publications including local newspapers the Winter Haven News-Chief and Lakeland Ledger as well as industry publications such as The Produce News and Citrus Industry. In 1993, Jack Gurnett was posthumously inducted into the Florida Citrus Hall of Fame, and Nancy Gurnett Hardy was\ninducted in 2002. To date, they are the only father-daughter duo in the Hall of Fame. In 2002, Karen McEver took over the role of Editor shortly before Gurnett Hardy's death in 2003. McEver was a friend of Gurnett Hardy's and had joined the newsletter's writing staff in the 1980s."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains both originals and photocopies of bulletins. Originals bulletins are printed on goldenrod yellow paper.\nPlease note that Volume and Issue numbers reflect what is printed on the newsletter.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e-Dates inside square brackets [MM/DD] indicate the publication date of an issue that\nshares the same issue number as another.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e-In the 1970s, the Weekly Bulletin Volumes ran from the second week of January to the first week of January of the following year. Starting in 1980, however, the Weekly Bulletin volumes ran based on the calendar year (January through December). Furthermore, starting in 2002, the volume numbers appear to reflect the years since the newsletter's inception rather than the year \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor newsletters from 1966-1971, please see files 5, 9, and 10 in Box 109 of the James A.Haley Papers. \u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["The collection contains both originals and photocopies of bulletins. Originals bulletins are printed on goldenrod yellow paper.\nPlease note that Volume and Issue numbers reflect what is printed on the newsletter.","-Dates inside square brackets [MM/DD] indicate the publication date of an issue that\nshares the same issue number as another.","-In the 1970s, the Weekly Bulletin Volumes ran from the second week of January to the first week of January of the following year. Starting in 1980, however, the Weekly Bulletin volumes ran based on the calendar year (January through December). Furthermore, starting in 2002, the volume numbers appear to reflect the years since the newsletter's inception rather than the year ","For newsletters from 1966-1971, please see files 5, 9, and 10 in Box 109 of the James A.Haley Papers. "],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains both the weekly bulletins published as well as the annual special reports published each year. The collection has been organized chronologically with weekly bulletins first then annual reports.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWeekly Bulletins were published on a weekly basis with hiatuses occurring around July and around the end of December to early January.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnnual Reports were published in late June to early July beginning in 1959. The annual reports served as a summation of the p\nrevious year's news stories and coincided with the end of the citrus season.\nThe series Other Writings by Editor includes articles and columns written by Nancy Gurnett Hardy during her time as Editor of The Florida Citrus Reporter.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains both the weekly bulletins published as well as the annual special reports published each year. The collection has been organized chronologically with weekly bulletins first then annual reports.","Weekly Bulletins were published on a weekly basis with hiatuses occurring around July and around the end of December to early January.","Annual Reports were published in late June to early July beginning in 1959. The annual reports served as a summation of the p\nrevious year's news stories and coincided with the end of the citrus season.\nThe series Other Writings by Editor includes articles and columns written by Nancy Gurnett Hardy during her time as Editor of The Florida Citrus Reporter."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish material from The Florida Citrus Reporter newsletter collection must be obtained from Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center or the appropriate copyright holder. Please inquire if you have questions at 863-680-4453.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish material from The Florida Citrus Reporter newsletter collection must be obtained from Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center or the appropriate copyright holder. Please inquire if you have questions at 863-680-4453."],"names_ssim":["Thomas B. Mack Florida Citrus Archives","Gurnett, John D. \"Jack\""],"corpname_ssim":["Thomas B. 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Sources of clippings include Watermark, The Weekly News, The Weekly Planet, Tampa Bay Times, The Gazette, and Contax.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/ec0d65981df646e0f1a8b1b3_aspace_16d5d03cb6cdff1ce24ac978856ceb7a#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_16d5d03cb6cdff1ce24ac978856ceb7a","ref_ssm":["aspace_16d5d03cb6cdff1ce24ac978856ceb7a","aspace_16d5d03cb6cdff1ce24ac978856ceb7a"],"id":"ec0d65981df646e0f1a8b1b3_aspace_16d5d03cb6cdff1ce24ac978856ceb7a","title_filing_ssi":"15th Annual Tampa International Gay \u0026 Lesbian Film Festival","title_ssm":["15th Annual Tampa International Gay \u0026 Lesbian Film Festival"],"title_tesim":["15th Annual Tampa International Gay \u0026 Lesbian Film Festival"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["2004"],"normalized_date_ssm":["2004"],"normalized_title_ssm":["15th Annual Tampa International Gay \u0026 Lesbian Film Festival, 2004"],"text":["15th Annual Tampa International Gay \u0026 Lesbian Film Festival, 2004","Tampa Bay International Gay \u0026 Lesbian Film Festival (TIGLFF) collection, 1990-2024","TIGLFF Annual Files - Part I","/repositories/2/archival_objects/184451","box 1","folder 11","Folder includes schedule at a glance, festival preview postcards, event flyers, photograph contact sheets, news releases, correspondence, promotion and sponsorship opportunities, fundraising contribution card, Sharpe Mortgage Lending Services sweepstakes entries, contact sheets of photographs, audience profile, marquee design, and clippings. 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The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information."],"date_range_isim":[2004],"containers_ssim":["box 1","folder 11"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFolder includes schedule at a glance, festival preview postcards, event flyers, photograph contact sheets, news releases, correspondence, promotion and sponsorship opportunities, fundraising contribution card, Sharpe Mortgage Lending Services sweepstakes entries, contact sheets of photographs, audience profile, marquee design, and clippings. Sources of clippings include Watermark, The Weekly News, The Weekly Planet, Tampa Bay Times, The Gazette, and Contax.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Folder includes schedule at a glance, festival preview postcards, event flyers, photograph contact sheets, news releases, correspondence, promotion and sponsorship opportunities, fundraising contribution card, Sharpe Mortgage Lending Services sweepstakes entries, contact sheets of photographs, audience profile, marquee design, and clippings. Sources of clippings include Watermark, The Weekly News, The Weekly Planet, Tampa Bay Times, The Gazette, and Contax."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#10","_nest_parent_":"ec0d65981df646e0f1a8b1b3_aspace_d36ac4d0cc35031841428695f2625ee2","_root_":"ec0d65981df646e0f1a8b1b3","_version_":1871043586387083264,"timestamp":"2026-07-18T09:16:53.209Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"ec0d65981df646e0f1a8b1b3","title_ssm":["Tampa Bay International Gay \u0026 Lesbian Film Festival (TIGLFF) collection"],"title_tesim":["Tampa Bay International Gay \u0026 Lesbian Film Festival (TIGLFF) collection"],"ead_ssi":"ec0d65981df646e0f1a8b1b3","unitdate_ssm":["1990-2024"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1990-2024"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-2024-01","/repositories/2/resources/641"],"text":["MS-2024-01","/repositories/2/resources/641","Tampa Bay International Gay \u0026 Lesbian Film Festival (TIGLFF) collection, 1990-2024","LGBTQ+ film festivals","LGBTQ+ artists","LGBTQ+ communities","Queer community ","Queer culture","LGBTQ+ films","Queer studies -- Tampa (Fla.)","Materials are arranged according to type, with attention to chronology within series.","\"The Tampa Bay International Gay and Lesbian Film Festival (TIGLFF) was founded in 1990 as a three day extension of Tampa's gay pride celebrations by representatives of three LGBTQ+ organizations: The Tampa Bay Business Guild (TBBG), the Bay Area Human Rights Coalition, and the Tampa Bay Gay Men's Chorus.  Over the course of its first decade the film festival was a fundraising event for a number of local non-profit groups, eventually falling under the umbrella of Tampa Bay Arts.","Dorothy Abbott programmed most of the festivals through the 1990s. Dorothy built industry relationships that put TIGLFF on the national map.  She is also the person who put the word \"international\" in our name.","At every moment in the film festival's history, a number of people have stepped up and done whatever needed to be done.  Some gave more time and money than they could afford.  They did it because they loved this festival, and they wanted to see it survive and prosper.  This is true no matter which era or which producing organization we're talking about.","Founders who helped lead, organize and plan the film festival in its initial years include: Mark Puig, Dorothy Abbott, Keith Roberts, Sunny Hall, Bob Pope, Richard Waugh, Chuck Wilhelm, Larry Fischer, Martin Padgett, Amy Nestor, Lex Poppens, Cathy Prance, Victoria Jorgensen, Brian Winfield, Robert Geller, Michele Greenberg and many more.","Tampa Bay Arts, was an umbrella organization that had taken responsibility for the Tampa Bay Gay Men's Chorus and several other activities, including producing the film festival. By 1999 Tampa Bay Arts had accumulated a rather large debt.  The lender was trying to collect it.  Tampa Bay Arts was discussing bankruptcy as a way to forestall the collection. Film festival planners feared that the money would just be sucked into that debt, which had nothing to do with the film festival. So they started their own organization to produce the film festival.","After two years of negotiation, Friends of the Festival Inc.  (FOF) was formed and the film festival parted amiably from Tampa Bay Arts. The film festival was finally on its own, fully in charge of its own destiny.  Friends of the Festival, Inc., is a non-profit 501c(3) entity, DBA the Tampa International Gay and Lesbian Film Festival.","That first start-up year as Friends of the Festival, Inc., in 2000, Jim Harper, FOFs first Board President put up $30,000 of his own money to pay bills until ticket sales and sponsorship revenues started coming in.  He ended up getting most of that money back over the next several years.","\" --Our Mission, TIGLFF Website https://tiglff.com/our-mission/","The Tampa Bay International Gay \u0026#38; Lesbian Film Festival (TIGLFF) collection consists of organizational records, publications, and material produced by the group for film festivals and related events. Included are film festival programs, advertisements, posters, clippings, photographs, realia, ephemera, audiovisual materials (CD-ROMS and DVD), Tampa Bay LGBTQ+ publications, flyers, tickets, and administrative documents.","Books related to the archival collection are cataloged individually and shelved in the Queer Literature Collection. Titles and links to the catalog record are available on this finding aid via the Cataloged Publications series.","None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information.","The Tampa Bay International Gay \u0026#38; Lesbian Film Festival (TIGLFF) collection consists of material produced by and written about the Film Festival. Organizational files, programs, and graphics capture the films screened and the attendees of the annual event. Also included is ephemera for local LGBTQ+ businesses and organizations that supported the fundraising efforts for the festival and both clippings and full publications from Florida LGBTQ+ periodicals that advertised wrote articles supporting TIGLFF.","USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Tampa International Gay and Lesbian Film Festival","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-2024-01","/repositories/2/resources/641"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1990-2024"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Tampa Bay International Gay \u0026 Lesbian Film Festival (TIGLFF) collection, 1990-2024"],"collection_title_tesim":["Tampa Bay International Gay \u0026 Lesbian Film Festival (TIGLFF) collection, 1990-2024"],"collection_ssim":["Tampa Bay International Gay \u0026 Lesbian Film Festival (TIGLFF) collection, 1990-2024"],"repository_ssm":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"creator_ssm":["Tampa International Gay and Lesbian Film Festival"],"creator_ssim":["Tampa International Gay and Lesbian Film Festival"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Tampa International Gay and Lesbian Film Festival"],"creators_ssim":["Tampa International Gay and Lesbian Film Festival"],"access_terms_ssm":["None. 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Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["LGBTQ+ film festivals","LGBTQ+ artists","LGBTQ+ communities","Queer community ","Queer culture","LGBTQ+ films","Queer studies -- Tampa (Fla.)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["LGBTQ+ film festivals","LGBTQ+ artists","LGBTQ+ communities","Queer community ","Queer culture","LGBTQ+ films","Queer studies -- Tampa (Fla.)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["9 boxes","9 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["9 boxes","9 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials are arranged according to type, with attention to chronology within series.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Materials are arranged according to type, with attention to chronology within series."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"The Tampa Bay International Gay and Lesbian Film Festival (TIGLFF) was founded in 1990 as a three day extension of Tampa's gay pride celebrations by representatives of three LGBTQ+ organizations: The Tampa Bay Business Guild (TBBG), the Bay Area Human Rights Coalition, and the Tampa Bay Gay Men's Chorus.  Over the course of its first decade the film festival was a fundraising event for a number of local non-profit groups, eventually falling under the umbrella of Tampa Bay Arts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDorothy Abbott programmed most of the festivals through the 1990s. Dorothy built industry relationships that put TIGLFF on the national map.  She is also the person who put the word \"international\" in our name.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAt every moment in the film festival's history, a number of people have stepped up and done whatever needed to be done.  Some gave more time and money than they could afford.  They did it because they loved this festival, and they wanted to see it survive and prosper.  This is true no matter which era or which producing organization we're talking about.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFounders who helped lead, organize and plan the film festival in its initial years include: Mark Puig, Dorothy Abbott, Keith Roberts, Sunny Hall, Bob Pope, Richard Waugh, Chuck Wilhelm, Larry Fischer, Martin Padgett, Amy Nestor, Lex Poppens, Cathy Prance, Victoria Jorgensen, Brian Winfield, Robert Geller, Michele Greenberg and many more.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTampa Bay Arts, was an umbrella organization that had taken responsibility for the Tampa Bay Gay Men's Chorus and several other activities, including producing the film festival. By 1999 Tampa Bay Arts had accumulated a rather large debt.  The lender was trying to collect it.  Tampa Bay Arts was discussing bankruptcy as a way to forestall the collection. Film festival planners feared that the money would just be sucked into that debt, which had nothing to do with the film festival. So they started their own organization to produce the film festival.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter two years of negotiation, Friends of the Festival Inc.  (FOF) was formed and the film festival parted amiably from Tampa Bay Arts. The film festival was finally on its own, fully in charge of its own destiny.  Friends of the Festival, Inc., is a non-profit 501c(3) entity, DBA the Tampa International Gay and Lesbian Film Festival.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThat first start-up year as Friends of the Festival, Inc., in 2000, Jim Harper, FOFs first Board President put up $30,000 of his own money to pay bills until ticket sales and sponsorship revenues started coming in.  He ended up getting most of that money back over the next several years.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\" --Our Mission, TIGLFF Website https://tiglff.com/our-mission/\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["\"The Tampa Bay International Gay and Lesbian Film Festival (TIGLFF) was founded in 1990 as a three day extension of Tampa's gay pride celebrations by representatives of three LGBTQ+ organizations: The Tampa Bay Business Guild (TBBG), the Bay Area Human Rights Coalition, and the Tampa Bay Gay Men's Chorus.  Over the course of its first decade the film festival was a fundraising event for a number of local non-profit groups, eventually falling under the umbrella of Tampa Bay Arts.","Dorothy Abbott programmed most of the festivals through the 1990s. Dorothy built industry relationships that put TIGLFF on the national map.  She is also the person who put the word \"international\" in our name.","At every moment in the film festival's history, a number of people have stepped up and done whatever needed to be done.  Some gave more time and money than they could afford.  They did it because they loved this festival, and they wanted to see it survive and prosper.  This is true no matter which era or which producing organization we're talking about.","Founders who helped lead, organize and plan the film festival in its initial years include: Mark Puig, Dorothy Abbott, Keith Roberts, Sunny Hall, Bob Pope, Richard Waugh, Chuck Wilhelm, Larry Fischer, Martin Padgett, Amy Nestor, Lex Poppens, Cathy Prance, Victoria Jorgensen, Brian Winfield, Robert Geller, Michele Greenberg and many more.","Tampa Bay Arts, was an umbrella organization that had taken responsibility for the Tampa Bay Gay Men's Chorus and several other activities, including producing the film festival. By 1999 Tampa Bay Arts had accumulated a rather large debt.  The lender was trying to collect it.  Tampa Bay Arts was discussing bankruptcy as a way to forestall the collection. Film festival planners feared that the money would just be sucked into that debt, which had nothing to do with the film festival. So they started their own organization to produce the film festival.","After two years of negotiation, Friends of the Festival Inc.  (FOF) was formed and the film festival parted amiably from Tampa Bay Arts. The film festival was finally on its own, fully in charge of its own destiny.  Friends of the Festival, Inc., is a non-profit 501c(3) entity, DBA the Tampa International Gay and Lesbian Film Festival.","That first start-up year as Friends of the Festival, Inc., in 2000, Jim Harper, FOFs first Board President put up $30,000 of his own money to pay bills until ticket sales and sponsorship revenues started coming in.  He ended up getting most of that money back over the next several years.","\" --Our Mission, TIGLFF Website https://tiglff.com/our-mission/"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Tampa Bay International Gay \u0026amp;#38; Lesbian Film Festival (TIGLFF) collection consists of organizational records, publications, and material produced by the group for film festivals and related events. Included are film festival programs, advertisements, posters, clippings, photographs, realia, ephemera, audiovisual materials (CD-ROMS and DVD), Tampa Bay LGBTQ+ publications, flyers, tickets, and administrative documents.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Tampa Bay International Gay \u0026#38; Lesbian Film Festival (TIGLFF) collection consists of organizational records, publications, and material produced by the group for film festivals and related events. Included are film festival programs, advertisements, posters, clippings, photographs, realia, ephemera, audiovisual materials (CD-ROMS and DVD), Tampa Bay LGBTQ+ publications, flyers, tickets, and administrative documents."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBooks related to the archival collection are cataloged individually and shelved in the Queer Literature Collection. Titles and links to the catalog record are available on this finding aid via the Cataloged Publications series.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Books related to the archival collection are cataloged individually and shelved in the Queer Literature Collection. Titles and links to the catalog record are available on this finding aid via the Cataloged Publications series."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at \u003cextref href=\"http://www.copyright.gov/\"\u003ehttp://www.copyright.gov/\u003c/extref\u003e for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_7fd2447780ec58fc96b7d52c2b93a93a\"\u003eThe Tampa Bay International Gay \u0026amp;#38; Lesbian Film Festival (TIGLFF) collection consists of material produced by and written about the Film Festival. Organizational files, programs, and graphics capture the films screened and the attendees of the annual event. Also included is ephemera for local LGBTQ+ businesses and organizations that supported the fundraising efforts for the festival and both clippings and full publications from Florida LGBTQ+ periodicals that advertised wrote articles supporting TIGLFF.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Tampa Bay International Gay \u0026#38; Lesbian Film Festival (TIGLFF) collection consists of material produced by and written about the Film Festival. Organizational files, programs, and graphics capture the films screened and the attendees of the annual event. Also included is ephemera for local LGBTQ+ businesses and organizations that supported the fundraising efforts for the festival and both clippings and full publications from Florida LGBTQ+ periodicals that advertised wrote articles supporting TIGLFF."],"names_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Tampa International Gay and Lesbian Film Festival"],"corpname_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Tampa International Gay and Lesbian Film Festival"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":365,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1871043586387083264,"_root_":"ec0d65981df646e0f1a8b1b3","timestamp":"2026-07-18T09:16:53.209Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/ec0d65981df646e0f1a8b1b3_aspace_16d5d03cb6cdff1ce24ac978856ceb7a"}},{"id":"1654bcb1ae789004f883a575_aspace_69526","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"15th Avenue","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/1654bcb1ae789004f883a575_aspace_69526#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_69526","ref_ssm":["aspace_69526","aspace_69526"],"id":"1654bcb1ae789004f883a575_aspace_69526","title_filing_ssi":"15th Avenue","title_ssm":["15th Avenue"],"title_tesim":["15th Avenue"],"normalized_title_ssm":["15th Avenue"],"text":["15th Avenue","Historic Tampa-Hillsborough County Preservation Board collection, 1978-1995","Ybor City Site Files","Ybor City Avenues-Ybor City Research","Folder 6","/repositories/2/archival_objects/91502","box 16","folder 6"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["1654bcb1ae789004f883a575","1654bcb1ae789004f883a575_aspace_60151","1654bcb1ae789004f883a575_aspace_60409"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Historic Tampa-Hillsborough County Preservation Board collection, 1978-1995","Ybor City Site Files","Ybor City Avenues-Ybor City Research"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Historic Tampa-Hillsborough County Preservation Board collection, 1978-1995","Ybor City Site Files","Ybor City Avenues-Ybor City Research"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Box"],"unitid_ssm":["Folder 6","/repositories/2/archival_objects/91502"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Historic Tampa-Hillsborough County Preservation Board collection, 1978-1995"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":374,"parent_access_terms_tesm":["None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information."],"containers_ssim":["box 16","folder 6"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#4/components#5","_nest_parent_":"1654bcb1ae789004f883a575_aspace_60409","_root_":"1654bcb1ae789004f883a575","_version_":1870863079011516416,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T09:27:47.874Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"1654bcb1ae789004f883a575","title_ssm":["Historic Tampa-Hillsborough County Preservation Board collection"],"title_tesim":["Historic Tampa-Hillsborough County Preservation Board collection"],"ead_ssi":"1654bcb1ae789004f883a575","unitdate_ssm":["1978-1995"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1978-1995"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["H45","/repositories/2/resources/415"],"text":["H45","/repositories/2/resources/415","Historic Tampa-Hillsborough County Preservation Board collection, 1978-1995","Hillsborough County (Fla.)","West Tampa (Fla.)","Ybor City (Tampa, Fla.)","Architecture -- Conservation and restoration -- Florida -- Tampa","Architecture -- Conservation and restoration -- Florida -- Hillsborough County","National Register of Historic Places","Collection is organized within series by subject. Hillsborough County, Ybor City, and West Tampa site files are arranged alphabetically. Ybor City streets and avenues are listed in ascending numerical order.","The Historic Tampa-Hillsborough County Preservation Board is one of seven major historic preservation boards created within the Department of State pursuant to Chapter 266, F.S. for the purpose of acquiring, maintaining, restoring, and preserving the sites, buildings, landmarks, and other materials of historical significance within the State of Florida. The established preservation boards include the Historic St. Augustine Preservation Board, the Historic Pensacola Preservation Board, the Historic Tallahassee Preservation Board, the Historic Palm Beach County Preservation Board, the Historic Florida Keys Preservation Board, and the combined historic preservation boards of Broward County, Volusia County, and Flagler County. In the City of Tampa, historic preservation is accomplished by means of three distinct architectural boards and commissions responsible for reviewing and monitoring development within historic districts. These boards are comprised of the Architectural Review Commission, the Historic Preservation Commission, and the Barrio Latino Commission.","\"Historic Preservation and Urban Design.\" Growth Management and Development Services Department, City of Tampa, Tampa, Florida.  http://www.tampagov.net/dept_historic_preservation/","Historic Tampa/Hillsborough County Preservation Board Collection, Special Collections Department, Tampa Library, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.","Note written by Jean McAllister, 2011","The collection consists of administrative records, the architectural records of historic buildings, site files, artifacts, zone surveys, public records, transcriptions, newspaper clippings, and general reference materials. Also included in the collection are the files of the Architectural Review Commission, the Tampa Trust Community Development Board, the Barrio Latino Commission, and the Beach Park Civic Association.","None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information.","This collection consists of the records of the Historic Tampa-Hillsborough County Preservation Board.","USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Historic Tampa-Hillsborough County Preservation Board","Citrus Park Colored School (Citrus Park, Fla.)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["H45","/repositories/2/resources/415"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1978-1995"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Historic Tampa-Hillsborough County Preservation Board collection, 1978-1995"],"collection_title_tesim":["Historic Tampa-Hillsborough County Preservation Board collection, 1978-1995"],"collection_ssim":["Historic Tampa-Hillsborough County Preservation Board collection, 1978-1995"],"repository_ssm":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Hillsborough County (Fla.)","West Tampa (Fla.)","Ybor City (Tampa, Fla.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Hillsborough County (Fla.)","West Tampa (Fla.)","Ybor City (Tampa, Fla.)"],"creator_ssm":["Historic Tampa-Hillsborough County Preservation Board"],"creator_ssim":["Historic Tampa-Hillsborough County Preservation Board"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Historic Tampa-Hillsborough County Preservation Board"],"creators_ssim":["Historic Tampa-Hillsborough County Preservation Board"],"places_ssim":["Hillsborough County (Fla.)","West Tampa (Fla.)","Ybor City (Tampa, Fla.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Architecture -- Conservation and restoration -- Florida -- Tampa","Architecture -- Conservation and restoration -- Florida -- Hillsborough County","National Register of Historic Places"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Architecture -- Conservation and restoration -- Florida -- Tampa","Architecture -- Conservation and restoration -- Florida -- Hillsborough County","National Register of Historic Places"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["40.86 Linear Feet","48 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["40.86 Linear Feet","48 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is organized within series by subject. Hillsborough County, Ybor City, and West Tampa site files are arranged alphabetically. Ybor City streets and avenues are listed in ascending numerical order.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["Collection is organized within series by subject. Hillsborough County, Ybor City, and West Tampa site files are arranged alphabetically. Ybor City streets and avenues are listed in ascending numerical order."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Historic Tampa-Hillsborough County Preservation Board is one of seven major historic preservation boards created within the Department of State pursuant to Chapter 266, F.S. for the purpose of acquiring, maintaining, restoring, and preserving the sites, buildings, landmarks, and other materials of historical significance within the State of Florida. The established preservation boards include the Historic St. Augustine Preservation Board, the Historic Pensacola Preservation Board, the Historic Tallahassee Preservation Board, the Historic Palm Beach County Preservation Board, the Historic Florida Keys Preservation Board, and the combined historic preservation boards of Broward County, Volusia County, and Flagler County. In the City of Tampa, historic preservation is accomplished by means of three distinct architectural boards and commissions responsible for reviewing and monitoring development within historic districts. These boards are comprised of the Architectural Review Commission, the Historic Preservation Commission, and the Barrio Latino Commission.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Historic Preservation and Urban Design.\" Growth Management and Development Services Department, City of Tampa, Tampa, Florida. \u003cextref href=\"http://www.tampagov.net/dept_historic_preservation/\"\u003ehttp://www.tampagov.net/dept_historic_preservation/\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHistoric Tampa/Hillsborough County Preservation Board Collection, Special Collections Department, Tampa Library, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Jean McAllister, 2011\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Historic Tampa-Hillsborough County Preservation Board is one of seven major historic preservation boards created within the Department of State pursuant to Chapter 266, F.S. for the purpose of acquiring, maintaining, restoring, and preserving the sites, buildings, landmarks, and other materials of historical significance within the State of Florida. The established preservation boards include the Historic St. Augustine Preservation Board, the Historic Pensacola Preservation Board, the Historic Tallahassee Preservation Board, the Historic Palm Beach County Preservation Board, the Historic Florida Keys Preservation Board, and the combined historic preservation boards of Broward County, Volusia County, and Flagler County. In the City of Tampa, historic preservation is accomplished by means of three distinct architectural boards and commissions responsible for reviewing and monitoring development within historic districts. These boards are comprised of the Architectural Review Commission, the Historic Preservation Commission, and the Barrio Latino Commission.","\"Historic Preservation and Urban Design.\" Growth Management and Development Services Department, City of Tampa, Tampa, Florida.  http://www.tampagov.net/dept_historic_preservation/","Historic Tampa/Hillsborough County Preservation Board Collection, Special Collections Department, Tampa Library, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.","Note written by Jean McAllister, 2011"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHistoric Tampa-Hillsborough County Preservation Board Collection, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Historic Tampa-Hillsborough County Preservation Board Collection, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of administrative records, the architectural records of historic buildings, site files, artifacts, zone surveys, public records, transcriptions, newspaper clippings, and general reference materials. Also included in the collection are the files of the Architectural Review Commission, the Tampa Trust Community Development Board, the Barrio Latino Commission, and the Beach Park Civic Association.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of administrative records, the architectural records of historic buildings, site files, artifacts, zone surveys, public records, transcriptions, newspaper clippings, and general reference materials. Also included in the collection are the files of the Architectural Review Commission, the Tampa Trust Community Development Board, the Barrio Latino Commission, and the Beach Park Civic Association."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone.\u0026#xA0;The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.\u0026#xA0; Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at \u003cextref href=\"http://www.copyright.gov/\"\u003ehttp://www.copyright.gov/\u003c/extref\u003e for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e3adc3f0be8ab32b87f1a82b2b528f55\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection consists of the records of the Historic Tampa-Hillsborough County Preservation Board.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection consists of the records of the Historic Tampa-Hillsborough County Preservation Board."],"names_coll_ssim":["Citrus Park Colored School (Citrus Park, Fla.)","Historic Tampa-Hillsborough County Preservation Board"],"names_ssim":["USF Libraries - 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