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Wollowick Currency collection, 1976-01-01","Currency, 1862","70","/repositories/2/archival_objects/140591","box 14","folder 70","$0.05","November 1, 1862","Massachusetts"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["1ca2658d5cd2bb1891dc369e","1ca2658d5cd2bb1891dc369e_aspace_a76cba4ec2c4932a2adcf666e055d164"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["David P. Wollowick Currency collection, 1976-01-01","Currency, 1862"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["David P. Wollowick Currency collection, 1976-01-01","Currency, 1862"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Box"],"unitid_ssm":["70","/repositories/2/archival_objects/140591"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["David P. 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Wollowick Currency collection"],"ead_ssi":"1ca2658d5cd2bb1891dc369e","unitdate_ssm":["1976-01-01"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1976-01-01"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-1976-01","/repositories/2/resources/585"],"text":["MS-1976-01","/repositories/2/resources/585","David P. Wollowick Currency collection, 1976-01-01","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Reconstruction (U.S. history, 1865-1877)","Money","The USF Library's David P. Wollowick Currency Collection contains items dating from the 1760s to the 1950s, with the bulk from the1850s through the 1860s. During this period there was no centralized American banking system so states, townships, and individual banks issued their own currency. The \"Free Banking\" movement of the period proclaimed citizens' right to set up banks rather than the states, leading many businesses to print their own currency as well. Bank Notes of America, 1859 listed 9,916 notes issued by 1,365 banks, with roughly another 200 banknotes omitted from their listing. ","The Wollowick Collection contains banknotes printed by regional banks and companies including the Franklin Silk Co. (Ohio), Van De Bogert Bros. (New York), and the Timber Cutters Bank (Georgia), among others. The collection also holds the official currency printed by twenty-four states and the Dominion of Canada, denominations ranging from $0.05 to $1,000. ","The Wollowick Collection also features an extensive selection of notes printed by the Confederate States of America during the Civil War. Confederate notes were first printed in 1861 and ran through 1864, with 72 major types created. These held little monetary value due to the lack of Gold and Silver reserves by the Confederacy and their setbacks on the battlefield. The collection contains each style of note printed from April 1861 to February 1864 and covers each denomination from fifty cents to a thousand-dollar notes. ","USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Wollowick, David P., Dr. ","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-1976-01","/repositories/2/resources/585"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1976-01-01"],"normalized_title_ssm":["David P. Wollowick Currency collection, 1976-01-01"],"collection_title_tesim":["David P. Wollowick Currency collection, 1976-01-01"],"collection_ssim":["David P. Wollowick Currency collection, 1976-01-01"],"repository_ssm":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"creator_ssm":["Wollowick, David P., Dr. "],"creator_ssim":["Wollowick, David P., Dr. "],"creator_persname_ssim":["Wollowick, David P., Dr. "],"creators_ssim":["Wollowick, David P., Dr. "],"places_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Reconstruction (U.S. history, 1865-1877)","Money"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Reconstruction (U.S. history, 1865-1877)","Money"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["7 folders"],"extent_tesim":["7 folders"],"physfacet_tesim":["Black three-ring binders"],"date_range_isim":[1976],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe USF Library's David P. Wollowick Currency Collection contains items dating from the 1760s to the 1950s, with the bulk from the1850s through the 1860s. During this period there was no centralized American banking system so states, townships, and individual banks issued their own currency. The \"Free Banking\" movement of the period proclaimed citizens' right to set up banks rather than the states, leading many businesses to print their own currency as well. Bank Notes of America, 1859 listed 9,916 notes issued by 1,365 banks, with roughly another 200 banknotes omitted from their listing. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Wollowick Collection contains banknotes printed by regional banks and companies including the Franklin Silk Co. (Ohio), Van De Bogert Bros. (New York), and the Timber Cutters Bank (Georgia), among others. The collection also holds the official currency printed by twenty-four states and the Dominion of Canada, denominations ranging from $0.05 to $1,000. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Wollowick Collection also features an extensive selection of notes printed by the Confederate States of America during the Civil War. Confederate notes were first printed in 1861 and ran through 1864, with 72 major types created. These held little monetary value due to the lack of Gold and Silver reserves by the Confederacy and their setbacks on the battlefield. The collection contains each style of note printed from April 1861 to February 1864 and covers each denomination from fifty cents to a thousand-dollar notes. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The USF Library's David P. Wollowick Currency Collection contains items dating from the 1760s to the 1950s, with the bulk from the1850s through the 1860s. During this period there was no centralized American banking system so states, townships, and individual banks issued their own currency. The \"Free Banking\" movement of the period proclaimed citizens' right to set up banks rather than the states, leading many businesses to print their own currency as well. Bank Notes of America, 1859 listed 9,916 notes issued by 1,365 banks, with roughly another 200 banknotes omitted from their listing. ","The Wollowick Collection contains banknotes printed by regional banks and companies including the Franklin Silk Co. (Ohio), Van De Bogert Bros. (New York), and the Timber Cutters Bank (Georgia), among others. The collection also holds the official currency printed by twenty-four states and the Dominion of Canada, denominations ranging from $0.05 to $1,000. ","The Wollowick Collection also features an extensive selection of notes printed by the Confederate States of America during the Civil War. Confederate notes were first printed in 1861 and ran through 1864, with 72 major types created. These held little monetary value due to the lack of Gold and Silver reserves by the Confederacy and their setbacks on the battlefield. The collection contains each style of note printed from April 1861 to February 1864 and covers each denomination from fifty cents to a thousand-dollar notes. "],"names_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Wollowick, David P., Dr. "],"corpname_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"names_coll_ssim":["Wollowick, David P., Dr. "],"persname_ssim":["Wollowick, David P., Dr. "],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":427,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870863380585119744,"_root_":"1ca2658d5cd2bb1891dc369e","timestamp":"2026-07-16T09:32:35.564Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/1ca2658d5cd2bb1891dc369e_aspace_d53f43feb8a39a33cdb791f688eb8e2a"}},{"id":"b7ddc964c6f13a7e308f2280_aspace_127332","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Young, Sidney, 1989","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/b7ddc964c6f13a7e308f2280_aspace_127332#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_127332","ref_ssm":["aspace_127332","aspace_127332"],"id":"b7ddc964c6f13a7e308f2280_aspace_127332","title_filing_ssi":"Young, Sidney","title_ssm":["Young, Sidney"],"title_tesim":["Young, Sidney"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1989"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1989"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Young, Sidney, 1989"],"text":["Young, Sidney, 1989","Haynes et al. v. Shoney's, Inc. Papers, 1959-1997, bulk 1990-1994","Witness Materials, 1977-1993, undated","Witness Files, 1977-1993","Folder 6","/repositories/10/archival_objects/121553","box 113-161","box 161","folder 6"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["b7ddc964c6f13a7e308f2280","b7ddc964c6f13a7e308f2280_aspace_126325","b7ddc964c6f13a7e308f2280_aspace_126341"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Haynes et al. v. Shoney's, Inc. Papers, 1959-1997, bulk 1990-1994","Witness Materials, 1977-1993, undated","Witness Files, 1977-1993"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Haynes et al. v. Shoney's, Inc. Papers, 1959-1997, bulk 1990-1994","Witness Materials, 1977-1993, undated","Witness Files, 1977-1993"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Subseries"],"unitid_ssm":["Folder 6","/repositories/10/archival_objects/121553"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Haynes et al. v. Shoney's, Inc. Papers, 1959-1997, bulk 1990-1994"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":2214,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open to all researchers. However, since many records contain personal information, such as Social Security numbers, researchers are requested to contact the Special Collections Department in advance of their visit so that staff may review these materials. The Applicant Claim Forms and Notice of Approval of Current or Former Employee Claims Series, because of the confidential nature of these materials, are closed until 2063. Users may access this collection at the Claude Pepper Library. ","This collection is in an offsite storage location. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections and Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"containers_ssim":["box 113-161","box 161","folder 6"],"_nest_path_":"/components#10/components#11/components#941","_nest_parent_":"b7ddc964c6f13a7e308f2280_aspace_126341","_root_":"b7ddc964c6f13a7e308f2280","timestamp":"2026-07-09T10:15:54.221Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"b7ddc964c6f13a7e308f2280","title_ssm":["Haynes et al. v. Shoney's, Inc. Papers"],"title_tesim":["Haynes et al. v. Shoney's, Inc. Papers"],"ead_ssi":"b7ddc964c6f13a7e308f2280","unitdate_ssm":["1959-1997","1990-1994"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1990-1994"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1959-1997"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 2004-001","/repositories/10/resources/728"],"text":["MSS 2004-001","/repositories/10/resources/728","Haynes et al. v. Shoney's, Inc. Papers, 1959-1997, bulk 1990-1994","Discrimination in employment--United States--Case studies","Discrimination in restaurants--United States--Case studies","Race discrimination--United States","Shoney's Inc.--Personnel management","Interviews.","African Americans--Employment","Clippings (Books, newspapers, etc.)","Correspondence","Legal documents.","Notebooks.","Reports","Sound recordings.","Videocassettes.","This collection is open to all researchers. However, since many records contain personal information, such as Social Security numbers, researchers are requested to contact the Special Collections Department in advance of their visit so that staff may review these materials. The Applicant Claim Forms and Notice of Approval of Current or Former Employee Claims Series, because of the confidential nature of these materials, are closed until 2063. Users may access this collection at the Claude Pepper Library. ","This collection is in an offsite storage location. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information.","On April 4, 1989, Tallahassee (FL) attorney Tommy Warren and nine named plaintiffs, all former Shoneys and Captain Ds employees or job applicants, served Shoneys CEO, Ray Danner, and Shoneys, Inc. with a class-action suit alleging racial discrimination. The plaintiffs, represented by Warren and his co-counsel, civil rights attorney Barry Goldstein, sought more than half a billion dollars in back pay and punitive damages, in addition to a court-ordered affirmative action plan, to counteract claims of years of racially discriminatory company policy. Witnesses, such as Josephine Haynes, included tens of thousands of workers, former workers, and frustrated job applicants, who said they lost jobs, were denied jobs, or were not given opportunities at Shoneys for even the lowest-paying jobs because they were African-Americans. Other witnesses included lower level white managers, who testified that they were fired because they wouldnt follow company orders to reduce the number of African-Americans. Many said they were instructed to carry out a corporate strategy that was directed by the Companys founder and CEO, Ray Danner, not found in any Shoneys procedure manuals. During the course of the litigation, which lasted from 1989-1993, many allegations were made under oath, and entered into the court record that race discrimination at Shoneys was standard operating procedure and had existed during the entire time Ray Danner ran the company. Danner continually denied these allegations throughout the case.\nBy the time the case concluded in 1993, the total cost of the Shoneys settlement was $132.5 million, which was the plaintiffs final compromise figure and the largest ever in a racial discrimination case. In addition, Ray Danner personally contributed approximately $65 million to the settlement. This payment by an individual defendant was unprecedented in U.S. race discrimination cases. According to Steve Watkins The Black O, a book that documents the entire case, 28, 994 claims were submitted in the settlement. At Warren and Goldsteins insistence, that number was expanded beyond the scope of the class of discriminated individuals to include all of Shoneys divisions, except for the franchise stores, for the period from 1985 through November 3, 1992. Based on a complex formula approved by Judge Roger Vinson to determine the validity of those claims and the amount due each legitimate claimant, 20,909 people ultimately received money from the $105 million settlement pool. The plaintiffs attorneys spent nearly $2 million to notify these claimants about the settlement, an effort that the judge said was unmatched by any he had ever seen in a class-action case. Approximately $5 million from the settlement pool was designated for a special class of claimants, those who had been witnesses and named plaintiffs in the case. $10 million was earmarked for African-American former job applicants, and the bulk of the settlement, $90 million, went to incumbent African-American employees. Money left over when the settlement was completed, and after Shoneys final payment in 1998, was divided among five organizations: the United Negro College Fund, the Southern Poverty Law Center, the Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, the Washington Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, and Inroads, a group that works to increase management opportunities for minorities.\nIn the aftermath of the case, Shoneys complied with the affirmative action plan and significantly increased its hiring of restaurant managers, dining room supervisors, and servers of color. In 1995, the company brought in a new management team which greatly improved its position financially, and in hiring, promotion, and business opportunities for minoritized communities.\nNote written by","Partially funded by a National Publications and Records Commission grant, the collection was processed by Chad Underwood from March 2005 to October 2006.","The Haynes v. Shoneys Papers documents the largest racial discrimination class-action suit against a private employer in the history of civil rights law. The collection has significant historical and research value for American legal history and civil rights scholars. Some topics include the admissibility of prior discrimination as evidence, adverse witnesses, affirmative action, allegations of recent discrimination, class certification, defendants contacts with plaintiffs' witnesses and clients, deceased claimants notes, destruction of evidence, jury selection, Raymond Danner's claim to fight race discrimination, and the Southern Christian Leadership Conferences covenant with Shoneys, in which the corporation promised that it would do business with minority-owned firms and target management jobs and franchise ownership opportunities for African-Americans. Among the materials included are all court pleadings and filings in the case, affidavits and declarations, challenges, consent decrees, correspondence, depositions, discovery documents, expert witness files, interrogatories, investigative files, newspaper and magazine articles, notebooks, orders, policies, press releases, questionnaires, reports, research materials, right-to-sue requests, settlement documents, shopper reports, surveys, visitation reports, and the deposition transcripts of over 150 witnesses, who document the history of the alleged discrimination of Shoneys, Inc and Ray Danner.","All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections and Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.","Claude Pepper Library.","FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Thomas A. Warren Law Offices (Tallahassee, Fla.)","Danner, Raymond L.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 2004-001","/repositories/10/resources/728"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1959-1997, bulk 1990-1994"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Haynes et al. v. Shoney's, Inc. Papers, 1959-1997, bulk 1990-1994"],"collection_title_tesim":["Haynes et al. v. Shoney's, Inc. Papers, 1959-1997, bulk 1990-1994"],"collection_ssim":["Haynes et al. v. Shoney's, Inc. Papers, 1959-1997, bulk 1990-1994"],"repository_ssm":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Thomas A. Warren Law Offices (Tallahassee, Fla.)"],"creator_ssim":["Thomas A. Warren Law Offices (Tallahassee, Fla.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Thomas A. Warren Law Offices (Tallahassee, Fla.)"],"creators_ssim":["Thomas A. Warren Law Offices (Tallahassee, Fla.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections and Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was given by Thomas Warren, attorney, in 2003."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Discrimination in employment--United States--Case studies","Discrimination in restaurants--United States--Case studies","Race discrimination--United States","Shoney's Inc.--Personnel management","Interviews.","African Americans--Employment","Clippings (Books, newspapers, etc.)","Correspondence","Legal documents.","Notebooks.","Reports","Sound recordings.","Videocassettes."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Discrimination in employment--United States--Case studies","Discrimination in restaurants--United States--Case studies","Race discrimination--United States","Shoney's Inc.--Personnel management","Interviews.","African Americans--Employment","Clippings (Books, newspapers, etc.)","Correspondence","Legal documents.","Notebooks.","Reports","Sound recordings.","Videocassettes."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1,040 boxes","415.60 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["1,040 boxes","415.60 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Clippings (Books, newspapers, etc.)","Correspondence","Legal documents.","Notebooks.","Reports","Sound recordings.","Videocassettes."],"date_range_isim":[1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to all researchers. However, since many records contain personal information, such as Social Security numbers, researchers are requested to contact the Special Collections Department in advance of their visit so that staff may review these materials. The Applicant Claim Forms and Notice of Approval of Current or Former Employee Claims Series, because of the confidential nature of these materials, are closed until 2063. Users may access this collection at the Claude Pepper Library. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis collection is in an offsite storage location. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to all researchers. However, since many records contain personal information, such as Social Security numbers, researchers are requested to contact the Special Collections Department in advance of their visit so that staff may review these materials. The Applicant Claim Forms and Notice of Approval of Current or Former Employee Claims Series, because of the confidential nature of these materials, are closed until 2063. Users may access this collection at the Claude Pepper Library. ","This collection is in an offsite storage location. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOn April 4, 1989, Tallahassee (FL) attorney Tommy Warren and nine named plaintiffs, all former Shoneys and Captain Ds employees or job applicants, served Shoneys CEO, Ray Danner, and Shoneys, Inc. with a class-action suit alleging racial discrimination. The plaintiffs, represented by Warren and his co-counsel, civil rights attorney Barry Goldstein, sought more than half a billion dollars in back pay and punitive damages, in addition to a court-ordered affirmative action plan, to counteract claims of years of racially discriminatory company policy. Witnesses, such as Josephine Haynes, included tens of thousands of workers, former workers, and frustrated job applicants, who said they lost jobs, were denied jobs, or were not given opportunities at Shoneys for even the lowest-paying jobs because they were African-Americans. Other witnesses included lower level white managers, who testified that they were fired because they wouldnt follow company orders to reduce the number of African-Americans. Many said they were instructed to carry out a corporate strategy that was directed by the Companys founder and CEO, Ray Danner, not found in any Shoneys procedure manuals. During the course of the litigation, which lasted from 1989-1993, many allegations were made under oath, and entered into the court record that race discrimination at Shoneys was standard operating procedure and had existed during the entire time Ray Danner ran the company. Danner continually denied these allegations throughout the case.\nBy the time the case concluded in 1993, the total cost of the Shoneys settlement was $132.5 million, which was the plaintiffs final compromise figure and the largest ever in a racial discrimination case. In addition, Ray Danner personally contributed approximately $65 million to the settlement. This payment by an individual defendant was unprecedented in U.S. race discrimination cases. According to Steve Watkins The Black O, a book that documents the entire case, 28, 994 claims were submitted in the settlement. At Warren and Goldsteins insistence, that number was expanded beyond the scope of the class of discriminated individuals to include all of Shoneys divisions, except for the franchise stores, for the period from 1985 through November 3, 1992. Based on a complex formula approved by Judge Roger Vinson to determine the validity of those claims and the amount due each legitimate claimant, 20,909 people ultimately received money from the $105 million settlement pool. The plaintiffs attorneys spent nearly $2 million to notify these claimants about the settlement, an effort that the judge said was unmatched by any he had ever seen in a class-action case. Approximately $5 million from the settlement pool was designated for a special class of claimants, those who had been witnesses and named plaintiffs in the case. $10 million was earmarked for African-American former job applicants, and the bulk of the settlement, $90 million, went to incumbent African-American employees. Money left over when the settlement was completed, and after Shoneys final payment in 1998, was divided among five organizations: the United Negro College Fund, the Southern Poverty Law Center, the Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, the Washington Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, and Inroads, a group that works to increase management opportunities for minorities.\nIn the aftermath of the case, Shoneys complied with the affirmative action plan and significantly increased its hiring of restaurant managers, dining room supervisors, and servers of color. In 1995, the company brought in a new management team which greatly improved its position financially, and in hiring, promotion, and business opportunities for minoritized communities.\nNote written by\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["On April 4, 1989, Tallahassee (FL) attorney Tommy Warren and nine named plaintiffs, all former Shoneys and Captain Ds employees or job applicants, served Shoneys CEO, Ray Danner, and Shoneys, Inc. with a class-action suit alleging racial discrimination. The plaintiffs, represented by Warren and his co-counsel, civil rights attorney Barry Goldstein, sought more than half a billion dollars in back pay and punitive damages, in addition to a court-ordered affirmative action plan, to counteract claims of years of racially discriminatory company policy. Witnesses, such as Josephine Haynes, included tens of thousands of workers, former workers, and frustrated job applicants, who said they lost jobs, were denied jobs, or were not given opportunities at Shoneys for even the lowest-paying jobs because they were African-Americans. Other witnesses included lower level white managers, who testified that they were fired because they wouldnt follow company orders to reduce the number of African-Americans. Many said they were instructed to carry out a corporate strategy that was directed by the Companys founder and CEO, Ray Danner, not found in any Shoneys procedure manuals. During the course of the litigation, which lasted from 1989-1993, many allegations were made under oath, and entered into the court record that race discrimination at Shoneys was standard operating procedure and had existed during the entire time Ray Danner ran the company. Danner continually denied these allegations throughout the case.\nBy the time the case concluded in 1993, the total cost of the Shoneys settlement was $132.5 million, which was the plaintiffs final compromise figure and the largest ever in a racial discrimination case. In addition, Ray Danner personally contributed approximately $65 million to the settlement. This payment by an individual defendant was unprecedented in U.S. race discrimination cases. According to Steve Watkins The Black O, a book that documents the entire case, 28, 994 claims were submitted in the settlement. At Warren and Goldsteins insistence, that number was expanded beyond the scope of the class of discriminated individuals to include all of Shoneys divisions, except for the franchise stores, for the period from 1985 through November 3, 1992. Based on a complex formula approved by Judge Roger Vinson to determine the validity of those claims and the amount due each legitimate claimant, 20,909 people ultimately received money from the $105 million settlement pool. The plaintiffs attorneys spent nearly $2 million to notify these claimants about the settlement, an effort that the judge said was unmatched by any he had ever seen in a class-action case. Approximately $5 million from the settlement pool was designated for a special class of claimants, those who had been witnesses and named plaintiffs in the case. $10 million was earmarked for African-American former job applicants, and the bulk of the settlement, $90 million, went to incumbent African-American employees. Money left over when the settlement was completed, and after Shoneys final payment in 1998, was divided among five organizations: the United Negro College Fund, the Southern Poverty Law Center, the Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, the Washington Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, and Inroads, a group that works to increase management opportunities for minorities.\nIn the aftermath of the case, Shoneys complied with the affirmative action plan and significantly increased its hiring of restaurant managers, dining room supervisors, and servers of color. In 1995, the company brought in a new management team which greatly improved its position financially, and in hiring, promotion, and business opportunities for minoritized communities.\nNote written by"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHaynes et al. v. Shoney's, Inc. 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Among the materials included are all court pleadings and filings in the case, affidavits and declarations, challenges, consent decrees, correspondence, depositions, discovery documents, expert witness files, interrogatories, investigative files, newspaper and magazine articles, notebooks, orders, policies, press releases, questionnaires, reports, research materials, right-to-sue requests, settlement documents, shopper reports, surveys, visitation reports, and the deposition transcripts of over 150 witnesses, who document the history of the alleged discrimination of Shoneys, Inc and Ray Danner.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Haynes v. Shoneys Papers documents the largest racial discrimination class-action suit against a private employer in the history of civil rights law. The collection has significant historical and research value for American legal history and civil rights scholars. 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","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"containers_ssim":["folder 38"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOriginal Comedy (Comedietta) in 1 Act; includes original cast of characters from 2/7/1881 stage production, properties, brief description of scene within text\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Original Comedy (Comedietta) in 1 Act; includes original cast of characters from 2/7/1881 stage production, properties, brief description of scene within text"],"_nest_path_":"/components#46/components#37","_nest_parent_":"aba7a5dffcfaf50e318f174b_aspace_65626","_root_":"aba7a5dffcfaf50e318f174b","_version_":1870844656373202944,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T04:34:58.668Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"aba7a5dffcfaf50e318f174b","title_ssm":["Sheldon Abend American Theater Collection"],"title_tesim":["Sheldon Abend American Theater Collection"],"ead_ssi":"aba7a5dffcfaf50e318f174b","unitdate_ssm":["1874-1968"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1874-1968"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SPC6030","/repositories/2/resources/37"],"text":["SPC6030","/repositories/2/resources/37","Sheldon Abend American Theater Collection, 1874-1968","Minstrel shows.","Motion picture producers and directors.","Playbills.","Theater Playbills and Programs Collection (Library of Congress)","The collection is open for research.","Folders are organized in alphabetical order by author's name.","Sheldon Abend was born on 13 June 1929 in New York City, New York, USA. Sheldon Abend was an executive producer who also served as an estate representative for such literary luminaries as George Bernard Shaw and Tennessee Williams. He made a name for himself by winning an intense copyright battle with MCA. A New York native who later fought in the ring and worked as a tugboat coal-stoker, Abend went to work for the American Play Company in 1957 with little education and an over-abundance of initiative. He rose through the ranks to own the organization in three short years, and after establishing the Author's Research Company, served as a literary consultant and rights negotiator for David O. Selznick, among many others. Gaining notoriety for taking on MCA, Alfred Hitchcock, and Jimmy Stewart in 1983 to establish what has come to be known as the \"Abend Rule,\" the tenacious negotiator went to the Supreme Court to clarify copyright law for instances in which the author dies during the copyright's term. In addition, he was known for Original Sin (2001), Why Would I Lie? (1980) and Rear Window (1998). He died on 24 August 2003 in New York City, New York, USA.","Language from the original item is typically transcribed directly and without redaction, especially for titles. Items depicting offensive, racist, and/or stereotypical imagery or language are presented in their original state as a historical record for scholarship and research.","Blackface minstrelsy is a popular entertainment form, originating in the United States in the mid-19th century and remaining in American life through the 20th century. The form is based around stereotypical and racist portrayals of African Americans, including mocking dialect, parodic lyrics, and the application of Black face paint; all designed to portray African Americans as othered subjects of humor and disrespect. Blackface was a dominant form for theatrical and musical performances for decades, both on stage and in private homes. The Sheldon Abend Theater Collection includes Blackface minstrelsy materials for the benefit of scholars seeking to better understand the role racial performance has had in shaping Western culture.","Related material to the collection may be found in the following repository. ","University of Miami Libraries, Special Collections.","American Play Company Collection","https://atom.library.miami.edu/asm0006","This collection contains scripts. This includes but is not limited to, play descriptions, selected scenes, and notes and comments from works such as Grounds for Divorce, Robin Hood's Party, and the Broadway play The Last Warning. Additionally, this collection includes blueprints on how scenes were developed, corrected, and improved based on comments and concerns from various actors during his career from the early 1920s until his death in 2003.","Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: ","https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work.\nFIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections. 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Standardized rights statement: ","https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work.\nFIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections. ","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donation","Sheldon Abend"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Motion picture producers and directors.","Playbills.","Theater Playbills and Programs Collection (Library of Congress)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Motion picture producers and directors.","Playbills.","Theater Playbills and Programs Collection (Library of Congress)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["47 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["47 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Playbills.","Theater Playbills and Programs Collection (Library of Congress)"],"date_range_isim":[1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFolders are organized in alphabetical order by author's name.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Folders are organized in alphabetical order by author's name."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSheldon Abend was born on 13 June 1929 in New York City, New York, USA. Sheldon Abend was an executive producer who also served as an estate representative for such literary luminaries as George Bernard Shaw and Tennessee Williams. He made a name for himself by winning an intense copyright battle with MCA. A New York native who later fought in the ring and worked as a tugboat coal-stoker, Abend went to work for the American Play Company in 1957 with little education and an over-abundance of initiative. He rose through the ranks to own the organization in three short years, and after establishing the Author's Research Company, served as a literary consultant and rights negotiator for David O. Selznick, among many others. Gaining notoriety for taking on MCA, Alfred Hitchcock, and Jimmy Stewart in 1983 to establish what has come to be known as the \"Abend Rule,\" the tenacious negotiator went to the Supreme Court to clarify copyright law for instances in which the author dies during the copyright's term. In addition, he was known for Original Sin (2001), Why Would I Lie? (1980) and Rear Window (1998). He died on 24 August 2003 in New York City, New York, USA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Sheldon Abend was born on 13 June 1929 in New York City, New York, USA. Sheldon Abend was an executive producer who also served as an estate representative for such literary luminaries as George Bernard Shaw and Tennessee Williams. He made a name for himself by winning an intense copyright battle with MCA. A New York native who later fought in the ring and worked as a tugboat coal-stoker, Abend went to work for the American Play Company in 1957 with little education and an over-abundance of initiative. He rose through the ranks to own the organization in three short years, and after establishing the Author's Research Company, served as a literary consultant and rights negotiator for David O. Selznick, among many others. Gaining notoriety for taking on MCA, Alfred Hitchcock, and Jimmy Stewart in 1983 to establish what has come to be known as the \"Abend Rule,\" the tenacious negotiator went to the Supreme Court to clarify copyright law for instances in which the author dies during the copyright's term. In addition, he was known for Original Sin (2001), Why Would I Lie? (1980) and Rear Window (1998). He died on 24 August 2003 in New York City, New York, USA."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLanguage from the original item is typically transcribed directly and without redaction, especially for titles. Items depicting offensive, racist, and/or stereotypical imagery or language are presented in their original state as a historical record for scholarship and research.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlackface minstrelsy is a popular entertainment form, originating in the United States in the mid-19th century and remaining in American life through the 20th century. The form is based around stereotypical and racist portrayals of African Americans, including mocking dialect, parodic lyrics, and the application of Black face paint; all designed to portray African Americans as othered subjects of humor and disrespect. Blackface was a dominant form for theatrical and musical performances for decades, both on stage and in private homes. The Sheldon Abend Theater Collection includes Blackface minstrelsy materials for the benefit of scholars seeking to better understand the role racial performance has had in shaping Western culture.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Harmful Language Statement","Historical Note"],"odd_tesim":["Language from the original item is typically transcribed directly and without redaction, especially for titles. Items depicting offensive, racist, and/or stereotypical imagery or language are presented in their original state as a historical record for scholarship and research.","Blackface minstrelsy is a popular entertainment form, originating in the United States in the mid-19th century and remaining in American life through the 20th century. The form is based around stereotypical and racist portrayals of African Americans, including mocking dialect, parodic lyrics, and the application of Black face paint; all designed to portray African Americans as othered subjects of humor and disrespect. Blackface was a dominant form for theatrical and musical performances for decades, both on stage and in private homes. The Sheldon Abend Theater Collection includes Blackface minstrelsy materials for the benefit of scholars seeking to better understand the role racial performance has had in shaping Western culture."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRelated material to the collection may be found in the following repository. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUniversity of Miami Libraries, Special Collections.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAmerican Play Company Collection\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ehttps://atom.library.miami.edu/asm0006\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Related material to the collection may be found in the following repository. ","University of Miami Libraries, Special Collections.","American Play Company Collection","https://atom.library.miami.edu/asm0006"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains scripts. This includes but is not limited to, play descriptions, selected scenes, and notes and comments from works such as Grounds for Divorce, Robin Hood's Party, and the Broadway play The Last Warning. Additionally, this collection includes blueprints on how scenes were developed, corrected, and improved based on comments and concerns from various actors during his career from the early 1920s until his death in 2003.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains scripts. This includes but is not limited to, play descriptions, selected scenes, and notes and comments from works such as Grounds for Divorce, Robin Hood's Party, and the Broadway play The Last Warning. Additionally, this collection includes blueprints on how scenes were developed, corrected, and improved based on comments and concerns from various actors during his career from the early 1920s until his death in 2003."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ehttps://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections \u0026amp; University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work.\nFIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: ","https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work.\nFIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections. ","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"names_ssim":["FIU Special Collections","Abend, Sheldon (1929-2003)"],"corpname_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Abend, Sheldon (1929-2003)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1996,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870844656373202944,"_root_":"aba7a5dffcfaf50e318f174b","timestamp":"2026-07-16T04:34:58.668Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/aba7a5dffcfaf50e318f174b_aspace_67126"}},{"id":"bec408ef355489ed2515918e_aspace_10034","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Young South African boy kneeling over animal hides, dog lying down next to him, South Africa, 1920-1924.","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/bec408ef355489ed2515918e_aspace_10034#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_10034","ref_ssm":["aspace_10034","aspace_10034"],"id":"bec408ef355489ed2515918e_aspace_10034","title_filing_ssi":"Young South African boy kneeling over animal hides, dog lying down next to him, South Africa","title_ssm":["Young South African boy kneeling over animal hides, dog lying down next to him, South Africa"],"title_tesim":["Young South African boy kneeling over animal hides, dog lying down next to him, South Africa"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1920-1924."],"normalized_date_ssm":["1920-1924."],"normalized_title_ssm":["Young South African boy kneeling over animal hides, dog lying down next to him, South Africa, 1920-1924."],"text":["Young South African boy kneeling over animal hides, dog lying down next to him, South Africa, 1920-1924.","African American Legacy: The Carol Mundy collection, 1791-2003","Photographs, 1800-1989, Undated","William T. Vernon Photographs, 1880-1950, Undated.","Folder 63","/repositories/4/archival_objects/25344","box 20","folder 63"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["bec408ef355489ed2515918e","bec408ef355489ed2515918e_aspace_9385","bec408ef355489ed2515918e_aspace_9810"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["African American Legacy: The Carol Mundy collection, 1791-2003","Photographs, 1800-1989, Undated","William T. Vernon Photographs, 1880-1950, Undated."],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["African American Legacy: The Carol Mundy collection, 1791-2003","Photographs, 1800-1989, Undated","William T. Vernon Photographs, 1880-1950, Undated."],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Subseries"],"unitid_ssm":["Folder 63","/repositories/4/archival_objects/25344"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["African American Legacy: The Carol Mundy collection, 1791-2003"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":1124,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The entire collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"containers_ssim":["box 20","folder 63"],"_nest_path_":"/components#5/components#5/components#221","_nest_parent_":"bec408ef355489ed2515918e_aspace_9810","_root_":"bec408ef355489ed2515918e","_version_":1879192534963453952,"timestamp":"2026-10-16T08:00:56.160Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"bec408ef355489ed2515918e","title_ssm":["African American Legacy: The Carol Mundy collection"],"title_tesim":["African American Legacy: The Carol Mundy collection"],"ead_ssi":"bec408ef355489ed2515918e","unitdate_ssm":["1791-2003"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1791-2003"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC085","/repositories/4/resources/106"],"text":["SC085","/repositories/4/resources/106","African American Legacy: The Carol Mundy collection, 1791-2003","Apopka (Fla.)--History","African Americans -- History","African American photographers","African Americans -- Florida","African Americans -- Photography","Civil Rights","Civil War","photographs","The entire collection is open for research.","Carol Mundy has been an avid collector of African American memorabilia since the early 1990s when she purchased a copy of the 1901 edition of The Complete Life of William McKinley and Story of His Assassination. Included in the book was an 1880 correspondence from the U.S. army to the 10th Cavalry of \"Buffalo Soldiers.\" This discovery was the first step in a journey that would take her around the country in a quest to preserve African American culture. This quest ultimately led to the acquisition of more than 1,500 artifacts and documents that range from 1794 to 2010. Ms. Mundy also founded her own non-profit organization, African American History Education and Culture Society, and has curated a traveling exhibit entitled, \"The African American Legacy: The Carol Mundy Collection.\" Further, Ms. Mundy has partnered with the University of Central Florida's Department of African American Studies to found the \"Carol E. Mundy African American Cultural and Diasporic Research Center\" using artifacts from the collection. According to their website, \"The Center will be fostered through research, dissemination of historical information and social traditions, educational programs, exhibits, conferences and related activities.\"","Processed by John Venecek, Sandra Varry, and Erica England; finding aid created by Nadeen Kiwan. Additional materials added to the collection by Antonice L. Morin in 2021.","A small book collection accompanies this collection and may be accessed by performing a series search for the \"Carol Mundy Library\" in the  Online Catalog .","This collection consists of over 1,500 items related to the African American experience in the following formats: monographs, manuscripts, sheet music, pamphlets, journals, newspapers, broadsides, posters, photographs, and rare ephemera. These materials are divided into six topical series:","\nSeries I: Apopka Documents, 1892-1950, consists mostly of the personal papers of local businessmen, George Oden (1862-1939) and Michael Gladden, executor of Oden's estate. Also significant are a number of documents from Ella Wall, an Apopka resident who was the inspiration for a character in Zora Neale Hurston's Mules and Men. Mrs. Wall ran an Orange Grove, and was a close friend and confidant of Michael Gladden, Jr. until her death. Materials in this series largely consist of purchase receipts, tax forms, and other legal documents.","\nSeries II: Civil Rights-era, 1950-1997, consists of ephemera including magazines, sheet music, pamphlets, posters, and post cards. Not all the items in this series pertain directly to the Civil Rights Movement per se; rather they are grouped together because they fall within a specific date range.","\nSeries III: Dolls, circa 1930-1949, includes hand-made Caribbean island dolls, puppets and marionettes originating from the Caribbean.","\nSeries IV: Early America \u0026 Civil War-era, 1794-1892, contains the oldest materials in the collection that bookend the Civil War. Materials include magazines, newspapers, pamphlets, photographs and illustrations. Of particular interest is an original Buffalo Soldier muster roll signed by Colonel Abner Doubleday, discharge papers from 1874, and an authentic slave bill of sale.","\nSeries V: An oversized 19th century bible, 1857-1890, in a protective cloth clamshell and 11 black and white photographs that were originally stored inside the bible. The photographs vary both in subject and format, but do include several tintypes as well as portraits taken by notable African American photographer, James Presley (J.P.) Ball.","\nSeries VI: Photographs, 1860s - 1960s, includes a large collection of photographs that range from the 1860s - the 1960s. The \"assorted\" photographs in this collection are arranged chronologically, but there are several thematic sub-series as well. Those subseries include Bishop College, Civil Rights Movement, Civil Rights-era, South Dakota, and William T. Vernon photographs.","\nSeries VII: Visual Material, 1800s - 1969, consists of advertisements, postcards, product packaging, illustrations from magazines and newspapers, and other assorted \"visual\" ephemera. Much of the material in this series is considered racist or \"derogatory.\"","\nSeries VIII: Miscellaneous, 1880s - 1989, contains a small collection of materials that didn't fit into one of the other series. These materials include booklets, documents, pamphlets, and objects such as pins and medallions.","Series IX: Additional Materials, 1791 - 1990, consists of audio and visual items. In this series there are letters with envelopes and telegraphs. Letters delivered were most commonly with the family members of Blanche Kalfus and James Brasswell. There are official government documents and business documents consisting of receipts, deeds, contracts, notary public certificates, and justice of the peace certificates. This series also includes postcards, greeting, birthday and holiday cards, and invitations. There is memorabilia such as military buttons, pins, and patches, and a Civil War Veterans Metal. The photographs in this series consist of African American men, women, and children along with stereographs consisting of places and group photos. There are many different newsclippings, articles, programs, and advertisements.","Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","Collector, Ms. Carol Mundy amassed this collection of monographs, manuscripts, sheet music, pamphlets, journals, newspapers, broadsides, posters, photographs, and rare ephemera focusing on the African American history. While the collection is comprehensive both nationally and internationally, it also contains materials that pertain to the African American experience in central Florida.","UCF Special Collections","Mundy, Carol","Ball, James Presley, 1825-1904","Willis, Deborah, 1948-","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC085","/repositories/4/resources/106"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1791-2003"],"normalized_title_ssm":["African American Legacy: The Carol Mundy collection, 1791-2003"],"collection_title_tesim":["African American Legacy: The Carol Mundy collection, 1791-2003"],"collection_ssim":["African American Legacy: The Carol Mundy collection, 1791-2003"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Apopka (Fla.)--History"],"geogname_ssim":["Apopka (Fla.)--History"],"creator_ssm":["Mundy, Carol"],"creator_ssim":["Mundy, Carol"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Mundy, Carol"],"creators_ssim":["Mundy, Carol"],"places_ssim":["Apopka (Fla.)--History"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Most of these materials were purchased by the University of Central Florida Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives from Carol Mundy in 2009 (CFM2009_02). Additional materials were donated in 2010/2012 (CFM2012_02) and 2019 (CFM2019_01)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","African American photographers","African Americans -- Florida","African Americans -- Photography","Civil Rights","Civil War","photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","African American photographers","African Americans -- Florida","African Americans -- Photography","Civil Rights","Civil War","photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["26 Linear Feet 36 boxes and 73 flat files"],"extent_tesim":["26 Linear Feet 36 boxes and 73 flat files"],"genreform_ssim":["photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCarol Mundy has been an avid collector of African American memorabilia since the early 1990s when she purchased a copy of the 1901 edition of The Complete Life of William McKinley and Story of His Assassination. Included in the book was an 1880 correspondence from the U.S. army to the 10th Cavalry of \"Buffalo Soldiers.\" This discovery was the first step in a journey that would take her around the country in a quest to preserve African American culture. This quest ultimately led to the acquisition of more than 1,500 artifacts and documents that range from 1794 to 2010. Ms. Mundy also founded her own non-profit organization, African American History Education and Culture Society, and has curated a traveling exhibit entitled, \"The African American Legacy: The Carol Mundy Collection.\" Further, Ms. Mundy has partnered with the University of Central Florida's Department of African American Studies to found the \"Carol E. Mundy African American Cultural and Diasporic Research Center\" using artifacts from the collection. According to their website, \"The Center will be fostered through research, dissemination of historical information and social traditions, educational programs, exhibits, conferences and related activities.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Carol Mundy has been an avid collector of African American memorabilia since the early 1990s when she purchased a copy of the 1901 edition of The Complete Life of William McKinley and Story of His Assassination. Included in the book was an 1880 correspondence from the U.S. army to the 10th Cavalry of \"Buffalo Soldiers.\" This discovery was the first step in a journey that would take her around the country in a quest to preserve African American culture. This quest ultimately led to the acquisition of more than 1,500 artifacts and documents that range from 1794 to 2010. Ms. Mundy also founded her own non-profit organization, African American History Education and Culture Society, and has curated a traveling exhibit entitled, \"The African American Legacy: The Carol Mundy Collection.\" Further, Ms. Mundy has partnered with the University of Central Florida's Department of African American Studies to found the \"Carol E. Mundy African American Cultural and Diasporic Research Center\" using artifacts from the collection. According to their website, \"The Center will be fostered through research, dissemination of historical information and social traditions, educational programs, exhibits, conferences and related activities.\""],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAfrican American Legacy: The Carol Mundy Collection, 1794-2010, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["African American Legacy: The Carol Mundy Collection, 1794-2010, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by John Venecek, Sandra Varry, and Erica England; finding aid created by Nadeen Kiwan. Additional materials added to the collection by Antonice L. Morin in 2021.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by John Venecek, Sandra Varry, and Erica England; finding aid created by Nadeen Kiwan. Additional materials added to the collection by Antonice L. Morin in 2021."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA small book collection accompanies this collection and may be accessed by performing a series search for the \"Carol Mundy Library\" in the \u003cextref href=\"https://library.ucf.edu\"\u003eOnline Catalog\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["A small book collection accompanies this collection and may be accessed by performing a series search for the \"Carol Mundy Library\" in the  Online Catalog ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of over 1,500 items related to the African American experience in the following formats: monographs, manuscripts, sheet music, pamphlets, journals, newspapers, broadsides, posters, photographs, and rare ephemera. These materials are divided into six topical series:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries I: Apopka Documents, 1892-1950, consists mostly of the personal papers of local businessmen, George Oden (1862-1939) and Michael Gladden, executor of Oden's estate. Also significant are a number of documents from Ella Wall, an Apopka resident who was the inspiration for a character in Zora Neale Hurston's Mules and Men. Mrs. Wall ran an Orange Grove, and was a close friend and confidant of Michael Gladden, Jr. until her death. Materials in this series largely consist of purchase receipts, tax forms, and other legal documents.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries II: Civil Rights-era, 1950-1997, consists of ephemera including magazines, sheet music, pamphlets, posters, and post cards. Not all the items in this series pertain directly to the Civil Rights Movement per se; rather they are grouped together because they fall within a specific date range.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries III: Dolls, circa 1930-1949, includes hand-made Caribbean island dolls, puppets and marionettes originating from the Caribbean.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries IV: Early America \u0026amp; Civil War-era, 1794-1892, contains the oldest materials in the collection that bookend the Civil War. Materials include magazines, newspapers, pamphlets, photographs and illustrations. Of particular interest is an original Buffalo Soldier muster roll signed by Colonel Abner Doubleday, discharge papers from 1874, and an authentic slave bill of sale.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries V: An oversized 19th century bible, 1857-1890, in a protective cloth clamshell and 11 black and white photographs that were originally stored inside the bible. The photographs vary both in subject and format, but do include several tintypes as well as portraits taken by notable African American photographer, James Presley (J.P.) Ball.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VI: Photographs, 1860s - 1960s, includes a large collection of photographs that range from the 1860s - the 1960s. The \"assorted\" photographs in this collection are arranged chronologically, but there are several thematic sub-series as well. Those subseries include Bishop College, Civil Rights Movement, Civil Rights-era, South Dakota, and William T. Vernon photographs.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VII: Visual Material, 1800s - 1969, consists of advertisements, postcards, product packaging, illustrations from magazines and newspapers, and other assorted \"visual\" ephemera. Much of the material in this series is considered racist or \"derogatory.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VIII: Miscellaneous, 1880s - 1989, contains a small collection of materials that didn't fit into one of the other series. These materials include booklets, documents, pamphlets, and objects such as pins and medallions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries IX: Additional Materials, 1791 - 1990, consists of audio and visual items. In this series there are letters with envelopes and telegraphs. Letters delivered were most commonly with the family members of Blanche Kalfus and James Brasswell. There are official government documents and business documents consisting of receipts, deeds, contracts, notary public certificates, and justice of the peace certificates. This series also includes postcards, greeting, birthday and holiday cards, and invitations. There is memorabilia such as military buttons, pins, and patches, and a Civil War Veterans Metal. The photographs in this series consist of African American men, women, and children along with stereographs consisting of places and group photos. There are many different newsclippings, articles, programs, and advertisements.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of over 1,500 items related to the African American experience in the following formats: monographs, manuscripts, sheet music, pamphlets, journals, newspapers, broadsides, posters, photographs, and rare ephemera. These materials are divided into six topical series:","\nSeries I: Apopka Documents, 1892-1950, consists mostly of the personal papers of local businessmen, George Oden (1862-1939) and Michael Gladden, executor of Oden's estate. Also significant are a number of documents from Ella Wall, an Apopka resident who was the inspiration for a character in Zora Neale Hurston's Mules and Men. Mrs. Wall ran an Orange Grove, and was a close friend and confidant of Michael Gladden, Jr. until her death. Materials in this series largely consist of purchase receipts, tax forms, and other legal documents.","\nSeries II: Civil Rights-era, 1950-1997, consists of ephemera including magazines, sheet music, pamphlets, posters, and post cards. Not all the items in this series pertain directly to the Civil Rights Movement per se; rather they are grouped together because they fall within a specific date range.","\nSeries III: Dolls, circa 1930-1949, includes hand-made Caribbean island dolls, puppets and marionettes originating from the Caribbean.","\nSeries IV: Early America \u0026 Civil War-era, 1794-1892, contains the oldest materials in the collection that bookend the Civil War. Materials include magazines, newspapers, pamphlets, photographs and illustrations. Of particular interest is an original Buffalo Soldier muster roll signed by Colonel Abner Doubleday, discharge papers from 1874, and an authentic slave bill of sale.","\nSeries V: An oversized 19th century bible, 1857-1890, in a protective cloth clamshell and 11 black and white photographs that were originally stored inside the bible. The photographs vary both in subject and format, but do include several tintypes as well as portraits taken by notable African American photographer, James Presley (J.P.) Ball.","\nSeries VI: Photographs, 1860s - 1960s, includes a large collection of photographs that range from the 1860s - the 1960s. The \"assorted\" photographs in this collection are arranged chronologically, but there are several thematic sub-series as well. Those subseries include Bishop College, Civil Rights Movement, Civil Rights-era, South Dakota, and William T. Vernon photographs.","\nSeries VII: Visual Material, 1800s - 1969, consists of advertisements, postcards, product packaging, illustrations from magazines and newspapers, and other assorted \"visual\" ephemera. Much of the material in this series is considered racist or \"derogatory.\"","\nSeries VIII: Miscellaneous, 1880s - 1989, contains a small collection of materials that didn't fit into one of the other series. These materials include booklets, documents, pamphlets, and objects such as pins and medallions.","Series IX: Additional Materials, 1791 - 1990, consists of audio and visual items. In this series there are letters with envelopes and telegraphs. Letters delivered were most commonly with the family members of Blanche Kalfus and James Brasswell. There are official government documents and business documents consisting of receipts, deeds, contracts, notary public certificates, and justice of the peace certificates. This series also includes postcards, greeting, birthday and holiday cards, and invitations. There is memorabilia such as military buttons, pins, and patches, and a Civil War Veterans Metal. The photographs in this series consist of African American men, women, and children along with stereographs consisting of places and group photos. There are many different newsclippings, articles, programs, and advertisements."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_4cf0eb7fc38bbc5bdebff00649325802\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eCollector, Ms. Carol Mundy amassed this collection of monographs, manuscripts, sheet music, pamphlets, journals, newspapers, broadsides, posters, photographs, and rare ephemera focusing on the African American history. While the collection is comprehensive both nationally and internationally, it also contains materials that pertain to the African American experience in central Florida.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Collector, Ms. Carol Mundy amassed this collection of monographs, manuscripts, sheet music, pamphlets, journals, newspapers, broadsides, posters, photographs, and rare ephemera focusing on the African American history. While the collection is comprehensive both nationally and internationally, it also contains materials that pertain to the African American experience in central Florida."],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Mundy, Carol","Ball, James Presley, 1825-1904","Willis, Deborah, 1948-"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"names_coll_ssim":["Ball, James Presley, 1825-1904","Willis, Deborah, 1948-"],"persname_ssim":["Mundy, Carol","Ball, James Presley, 1825-1904","Willis, Deborah, 1948-"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1675,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1879192534963453952,"_root_":"bec408ef355489ed2515918e","timestamp":"2026-10-16T08:00:56.160Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/bec408ef355489ed2515918e_aspace_10034"}},{"id":"bec408ef355489ed2515918e_aspace_10035","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Young South African boy standing, holding animal hides, dog standing next to him, South Africa, 1920-1924.","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/bec408ef355489ed2515918e_aspace_10035#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_10035","ref_ssm":["aspace_10035","aspace_10035"],"id":"bec408ef355489ed2515918e_aspace_10035","title_filing_ssi":"Young South African boy standing, holding animal hides, dog standing next to him, South Africa","title_ssm":["Young South African boy standing, holding animal hides, dog standing next to him, South Africa"],"title_tesim":["Young South African boy standing, holding animal hides, dog standing next to him, South Africa"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1920-1924."],"normalized_date_ssm":["1920-1924."],"normalized_title_ssm":["Young South African boy standing, holding animal hides, dog standing next to him, South Africa, 1920-1924."],"text":["Young South African boy standing, holding animal hides, dog standing next to him, South Africa, 1920-1924.","African American Legacy: The Carol Mundy collection, 1791-2003","Photographs, 1800-1989, Undated","William T. Vernon Photographs, 1880-1950, Undated.","Folder 63","/repositories/4/archival_objects/25347","box 20","folder 63"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["bec408ef355489ed2515918e","bec408ef355489ed2515918e_aspace_9385","bec408ef355489ed2515918e_aspace_9810"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["African American Legacy: The Carol Mundy collection, 1791-2003","Photographs, 1800-1989, Undated","William T. Vernon Photographs, 1880-1950, Undated."],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["African American Legacy: The Carol Mundy collection, 1791-2003","Photographs, 1800-1989, Undated","William T. Vernon Photographs, 1880-1950, Undated."],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Subseries"],"unitid_ssm":["Folder 63","/repositories/4/archival_objects/25347"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["African American Legacy: The Carol Mundy collection, 1791-2003"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":1125,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The entire collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"containers_ssim":["box 20","folder 63"],"_nest_path_":"/components#5/components#5/components#222","_nest_parent_":"bec408ef355489ed2515918e_aspace_9810","_root_":"bec408ef355489ed2515918e","_version_":1879192534963453952,"timestamp":"2026-10-16T08:00:56.160Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"bec408ef355489ed2515918e","title_ssm":["African American Legacy: The Carol Mundy collection"],"title_tesim":["African American Legacy: The Carol Mundy collection"],"ead_ssi":"bec408ef355489ed2515918e","unitdate_ssm":["1791-2003"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1791-2003"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC085","/repositories/4/resources/106"],"text":["SC085","/repositories/4/resources/106","African American Legacy: The Carol Mundy collection, 1791-2003","Apopka (Fla.)--History","African Americans -- History","African American photographers","African Americans -- Florida","African Americans -- Photography","Civil Rights","Civil War","photographs","The entire collection is open for research.","Carol Mundy has been an avid collector of African American memorabilia since the early 1990s when she purchased a copy of the 1901 edition of The Complete Life of William McKinley and Story of His Assassination. Included in the book was an 1880 correspondence from the U.S. army to the 10th Cavalry of \"Buffalo Soldiers.\" This discovery was the first step in a journey that would take her around the country in a quest to preserve African American culture. This quest ultimately led to the acquisition of more than 1,500 artifacts and documents that range from 1794 to 2010. Ms. Mundy also founded her own non-profit organization, African American History Education and Culture Society, and has curated a traveling exhibit entitled, \"The African American Legacy: The Carol Mundy Collection.\" Further, Ms. Mundy has partnered with the University of Central Florida's Department of African American Studies to found the \"Carol E. Mundy African American Cultural and Diasporic Research Center\" using artifacts from the collection. According to their website, \"The Center will be fostered through research, dissemination of historical information and social traditions, educational programs, exhibits, conferences and related activities.\"","Processed by John Venecek, Sandra Varry, and Erica England; finding aid created by Nadeen Kiwan. Additional materials added to the collection by Antonice L. Morin in 2021.","A small book collection accompanies this collection and may be accessed by performing a series search for the \"Carol Mundy Library\" in the  Online Catalog .","This collection consists of over 1,500 items related to the African American experience in the following formats: monographs, manuscripts, sheet music, pamphlets, journals, newspapers, broadsides, posters, photographs, and rare ephemera. These materials are divided into six topical series:","\nSeries I: Apopka Documents, 1892-1950, consists mostly of the personal papers of local businessmen, George Oden (1862-1939) and Michael Gladden, executor of Oden's estate. Also significant are a number of documents from Ella Wall, an Apopka resident who was the inspiration for a character in Zora Neale Hurston's Mules and Men. Mrs. Wall ran an Orange Grove, and was a close friend and confidant of Michael Gladden, Jr. until her death. Materials in this series largely consist of purchase receipts, tax forms, and other legal documents.","\nSeries II: Civil Rights-era, 1950-1997, consists of ephemera including magazines, sheet music, pamphlets, posters, and post cards. Not all the items in this series pertain directly to the Civil Rights Movement per se; rather they are grouped together because they fall within a specific date range.","\nSeries III: Dolls, circa 1930-1949, includes hand-made Caribbean island dolls, puppets and marionettes originating from the Caribbean.","\nSeries IV: Early America \u0026 Civil War-era, 1794-1892, contains the oldest materials in the collection that bookend the Civil War. Materials include magazines, newspapers, pamphlets, photographs and illustrations. Of particular interest is an original Buffalo Soldier muster roll signed by Colonel Abner Doubleday, discharge papers from 1874, and an authentic slave bill of sale.","\nSeries V: An oversized 19th century bible, 1857-1890, in a protective cloth clamshell and 11 black and white photographs that were originally stored inside the bible. The photographs vary both in subject and format, but do include several tintypes as well as portraits taken by notable African American photographer, James Presley (J.P.) Ball.","\nSeries VI: Photographs, 1860s - 1960s, includes a large collection of photographs that range from the 1860s - the 1960s. The \"assorted\" photographs in this collection are arranged chronologically, but there are several thematic sub-series as well. Those subseries include Bishop College, Civil Rights Movement, Civil Rights-era, South Dakota, and William T. Vernon photographs.","\nSeries VII: Visual Material, 1800s - 1969, consists of advertisements, postcards, product packaging, illustrations from magazines and newspapers, and other assorted \"visual\" ephemera. Much of the material in this series is considered racist or \"derogatory.\"","\nSeries VIII: Miscellaneous, 1880s - 1989, contains a small collection of materials that didn't fit into one of the other series. These materials include booklets, documents, pamphlets, and objects such as pins and medallions.","Series IX: Additional Materials, 1791 - 1990, consists of audio and visual items. In this series there are letters with envelopes and telegraphs. Letters delivered were most commonly with the family members of Blanche Kalfus and James Brasswell. There are official government documents and business documents consisting of receipts, deeds, contracts, notary public certificates, and justice of the peace certificates. This series also includes postcards, greeting, birthday and holiday cards, and invitations. There is memorabilia such as military buttons, pins, and patches, and a Civil War Veterans Metal. The photographs in this series consist of African American men, women, and children along with stereographs consisting of places and group photos. There are many different newsclippings, articles, programs, and advertisements.","Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","Collector, Ms. Carol Mundy amassed this collection of monographs, manuscripts, sheet music, pamphlets, journals, newspapers, broadsides, posters, photographs, and rare ephemera focusing on the African American history. While the collection is comprehensive both nationally and internationally, it also contains materials that pertain to the African American experience in central Florida.","UCF Special Collections","Mundy, Carol","Ball, James Presley, 1825-1904","Willis, Deborah, 1948-","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC085","/repositories/4/resources/106"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1791-2003"],"normalized_title_ssm":["African American Legacy: The Carol Mundy collection, 1791-2003"],"collection_title_tesim":["African American Legacy: The Carol Mundy collection, 1791-2003"],"collection_ssim":["African American Legacy: The Carol Mundy collection, 1791-2003"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Apopka (Fla.)--History"],"geogname_ssim":["Apopka (Fla.)--History"],"creator_ssm":["Mundy, Carol"],"creator_ssim":["Mundy, Carol"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Mundy, Carol"],"creators_ssim":["Mundy, Carol"],"places_ssim":["Apopka (Fla.)--History"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Most of these materials were purchased by the University of Central Florida Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives from Carol Mundy in 2009 (CFM2009_02). Additional materials were donated in 2010/2012 (CFM2012_02) and 2019 (CFM2019_01)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","African American photographers","African Americans -- Florida","African Americans -- Photography","Civil Rights","Civil War","photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","African American photographers","African Americans -- Florida","African Americans -- Photography","Civil Rights","Civil War","photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["26 Linear Feet 36 boxes and 73 flat files"],"extent_tesim":["26 Linear Feet 36 boxes and 73 flat files"],"genreform_ssim":["photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCarol Mundy has been an avid collector of African American memorabilia since the early 1990s when she purchased a copy of the 1901 edition of The Complete Life of William McKinley and Story of His Assassination. Included in the book was an 1880 correspondence from the U.S. army to the 10th Cavalry of \"Buffalo Soldiers.\" This discovery was the first step in a journey that would take her around the country in a quest to preserve African American culture. This quest ultimately led to the acquisition of more than 1,500 artifacts and documents that range from 1794 to 2010. Ms. Mundy also founded her own non-profit organization, African American History Education and Culture Society, and has curated a traveling exhibit entitled, \"The African American Legacy: The Carol Mundy Collection.\" Further, Ms. Mundy has partnered with the University of Central Florida's Department of African American Studies to found the \"Carol E. Mundy African American Cultural and Diasporic Research Center\" using artifacts from the collection. According to their website, \"The Center will be fostered through research, dissemination of historical information and social traditions, educational programs, exhibits, conferences and related activities.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Carol Mundy has been an avid collector of African American memorabilia since the early 1990s when she purchased a copy of the 1901 edition of The Complete Life of William McKinley and Story of His Assassination. Included in the book was an 1880 correspondence from the U.S. army to the 10th Cavalry of \"Buffalo Soldiers.\" This discovery was the first step in a journey that would take her around the country in a quest to preserve African American culture. This quest ultimately led to the acquisition of more than 1,500 artifacts and documents that range from 1794 to 2010. Ms. Mundy also founded her own non-profit organization, African American History Education and Culture Society, and has curated a traveling exhibit entitled, \"The African American Legacy: The Carol Mundy Collection.\" Further, Ms. Mundy has partnered with the University of Central Florida's Department of African American Studies to found the \"Carol E. Mundy African American Cultural and Diasporic Research Center\" using artifacts from the collection. According to their website, \"The Center will be fostered through research, dissemination of historical information and social traditions, educational programs, exhibits, conferences and related activities.\""],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAfrican American Legacy: The Carol Mundy Collection, 1794-2010, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["African American Legacy: The Carol Mundy Collection, 1794-2010, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by John Venecek, Sandra Varry, and Erica England; finding aid created by Nadeen Kiwan. Additional materials added to the collection by Antonice L. Morin in 2021.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by John Venecek, Sandra Varry, and Erica England; finding aid created by Nadeen Kiwan. Additional materials added to the collection by Antonice L. Morin in 2021."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA small book collection accompanies this collection and may be accessed by performing a series search for the \"Carol Mundy Library\" in the \u003cextref href=\"https://library.ucf.edu\"\u003eOnline Catalog\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["A small book collection accompanies this collection and may be accessed by performing a series search for the \"Carol Mundy Library\" in the  Online Catalog ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of over 1,500 items related to the African American experience in the following formats: monographs, manuscripts, sheet music, pamphlets, journals, newspapers, broadsides, posters, photographs, and rare ephemera. These materials are divided into six topical series:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries I: Apopka Documents, 1892-1950, consists mostly of the personal papers of local businessmen, George Oden (1862-1939) and Michael Gladden, executor of Oden's estate. Also significant are a number of documents from Ella Wall, an Apopka resident who was the inspiration for a character in Zora Neale Hurston's Mules and Men. Mrs. Wall ran an Orange Grove, and was a close friend and confidant of Michael Gladden, Jr. until her death. Materials in this series largely consist of purchase receipts, tax forms, and other legal documents.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries II: Civil Rights-era, 1950-1997, consists of ephemera including magazines, sheet music, pamphlets, posters, and post cards. Not all the items in this series pertain directly to the Civil Rights Movement per se; rather they are grouped together because they fall within a specific date range.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries III: Dolls, circa 1930-1949, includes hand-made Caribbean island dolls, puppets and marionettes originating from the Caribbean.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries IV: Early America \u0026amp; Civil War-era, 1794-1892, contains the oldest materials in the collection that bookend the Civil War. Materials include magazines, newspapers, pamphlets, photographs and illustrations. Of particular interest is an original Buffalo Soldier muster roll signed by Colonel Abner Doubleday, discharge papers from 1874, and an authentic slave bill of sale.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries V: An oversized 19th century bible, 1857-1890, in a protective cloth clamshell and 11 black and white photographs that were originally stored inside the bible. The photographs vary both in subject and format, but do include several tintypes as well as portraits taken by notable African American photographer, James Presley (J.P.) Ball.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VI: Photographs, 1860s - 1960s, includes a large collection of photographs that range from the 1860s - the 1960s. The \"assorted\" photographs in this collection are arranged chronologically, but there are several thematic sub-series as well. Those subseries include Bishop College, Civil Rights Movement, Civil Rights-era, South Dakota, and William T. Vernon photographs.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VII: Visual Material, 1800s - 1969, consists of advertisements, postcards, product packaging, illustrations from magazines and newspapers, and other assorted \"visual\" ephemera. Much of the material in this series is considered racist or \"derogatory.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VIII: Miscellaneous, 1880s - 1989, contains a small collection of materials that didn't fit into one of the other series. These materials include booklets, documents, pamphlets, and objects such as pins and medallions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries IX: Additional Materials, 1791 - 1990, consists of audio and visual items. In this series there are letters with envelopes and telegraphs. Letters delivered were most commonly with the family members of Blanche Kalfus and James Brasswell. There are official government documents and business documents consisting of receipts, deeds, contracts, notary public certificates, and justice of the peace certificates. This series also includes postcards, greeting, birthday and holiday cards, and invitations. There is memorabilia such as military buttons, pins, and patches, and a Civil War Veterans Metal. The photographs in this series consist of African American men, women, and children along with stereographs consisting of places and group photos. There are many different newsclippings, articles, programs, and advertisements.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of over 1,500 items related to the African American experience in the following formats: monographs, manuscripts, sheet music, pamphlets, journals, newspapers, broadsides, posters, photographs, and rare ephemera. These materials are divided into six topical series:","\nSeries I: Apopka Documents, 1892-1950, consists mostly of the personal papers of local businessmen, George Oden (1862-1939) and Michael Gladden, executor of Oden's estate. Also significant are a number of documents from Ella Wall, an Apopka resident who was the inspiration for a character in Zora Neale Hurston's Mules and Men. Mrs. Wall ran an Orange Grove, and was a close friend and confidant of Michael Gladden, Jr. until her death. Materials in this series largely consist of purchase receipts, tax forms, and other legal documents.","\nSeries II: Civil Rights-era, 1950-1997, consists of ephemera including magazines, sheet music, pamphlets, posters, and post cards. Not all the items in this series pertain directly to the Civil Rights Movement per se; rather they are grouped together because they fall within a specific date range.","\nSeries III: Dolls, circa 1930-1949, includes hand-made Caribbean island dolls, puppets and marionettes originating from the Caribbean.","\nSeries IV: Early America \u0026 Civil War-era, 1794-1892, contains the oldest materials in the collection that bookend the Civil War. Materials include magazines, newspapers, pamphlets, photographs and illustrations. Of particular interest is an original Buffalo Soldier muster roll signed by Colonel Abner Doubleday, discharge papers from 1874, and an authentic slave bill of sale.","\nSeries V: An oversized 19th century bible, 1857-1890, in a protective cloth clamshell and 11 black and white photographs that were originally stored inside the bible. The photographs vary both in subject and format, but do include several tintypes as well as portraits taken by notable African American photographer, James Presley (J.P.) Ball.","\nSeries VI: Photographs, 1860s - 1960s, includes a large collection of photographs that range from the 1860s - the 1960s. The \"assorted\" photographs in this collection are arranged chronologically, but there are several thematic sub-series as well. Those subseries include Bishop College, Civil Rights Movement, Civil Rights-era, South Dakota, and William T. Vernon photographs.","\nSeries VII: Visual Material, 1800s - 1969, consists of advertisements, postcards, product packaging, illustrations from magazines and newspapers, and other assorted \"visual\" ephemera. Much of the material in this series is considered racist or \"derogatory.\"","\nSeries VIII: Miscellaneous, 1880s - 1989, contains a small collection of materials that didn't fit into one of the other series. These materials include booklets, documents, pamphlets, and objects such as pins and medallions.","Series IX: Additional Materials, 1791 - 1990, consists of audio and visual items. In this series there are letters with envelopes and telegraphs. Letters delivered were most commonly with the family members of Blanche Kalfus and James Brasswell. There are official government documents and business documents consisting of receipts, deeds, contracts, notary public certificates, and justice of the peace certificates. This series also includes postcards, greeting, birthday and holiday cards, and invitations. There is memorabilia such as military buttons, pins, and patches, and a Civil War Veterans Metal. The photographs in this series consist of African American men, women, and children along with stereographs consisting of places and group photos. There are many different newsclippings, articles, programs, and advertisements."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_4cf0eb7fc38bbc5bdebff00649325802\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eCollector, Ms. Carol Mundy amassed this collection of monographs, manuscripts, sheet music, pamphlets, journals, newspapers, broadsides, posters, photographs, and rare ephemera focusing on the African American history. While the collection is comprehensive both nationally and internationally, it also contains materials that pertain to the African American experience in central Florida.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Collector, Ms. Carol Mundy amassed this collection of monographs, manuscripts, sheet music, pamphlets, journals, newspapers, broadsides, posters, photographs, and rare ephemera focusing on the African American history. While the collection is comprehensive both nationally and internationally, it also contains materials that pertain to the African American experience in central Florida."],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Mundy, Carol","Ball, James Presley, 1825-1904","Willis, Deborah, 1948-"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"names_coll_ssim":["Ball, James Presley, 1825-1904","Willis, Deborah, 1948-"],"persname_ssim":["Mundy, Carol","Ball, James Presley, 1825-1904","Willis, Deborah, 1948-"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1675,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1879192534963453952,"_root_":"bec408ef355489ed2515918e","timestamp":"2026-10-16T08:00:56.160Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/bec408ef355489ed2515918e_aspace_10035"}},{"id":"bf494aba24b034497c4115cf_aspace_103878","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Young Sports Library [Story Paper]","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/bf494aba24b034497c4115cf_aspace_103878#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_103878","ref_ssm":["aspace_103878","aspace_103878"],"id":"bf494aba24b034497c4115cf_aspace_103878","title_filing_ssi":"Young Sports Library [Story Paper]","title_ssm":["Young Sports Library [Story Paper]"],"title_tesim":["Young Sports Library [Story Paper]"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Young Sports Library [Story Paper]"],"text":["Young Sports Library [Story Paper]","John T. Dizer papers, 1853-2007, Date acquired: 00/00/2007","Research on Authors and Their Works","University-Young","Folder 21","/repositories/2/archival_objects/54391","box 14","folder 21"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["bf494aba24b034497c4115cf","bf494aba24b034497c4115cf_aspace_103600","bf494aba24b034497c4115cf_aspace_155461"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["John T. Dizer papers, 1853-2007, Date acquired: 00/00/2007","Research on Authors and Their Works","University-Young"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["John T. Dizer papers, 1853-2007, Date acquired: 00/00/2007","Research on Authors and Their Works","University-Young"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Box"],"unitid_ssm":["Folder 21","/repositories/2/archival_objects/54391"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["John T. Dizer papers, 1853-2007, Date acquired: 00/00/2007"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":320,"parent_access_terms_tesm":["None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information."],"containers_ssim":["box 14","folder 21"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#13/components#20","_nest_parent_":"bf494aba24b034497c4115cf_aspace_155461","_root_":"bf494aba24b034497c4115cf","_version_":1870862875373862912,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T09:24:33.676Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"bf494aba24b034497c4115cf","title_ssm":["John T. Dizer papers"],"title_tesim":["John T. Dizer papers"],"ead_ssi":"bf494aba24b034497c4115cf","unitdate_ssm":["1853-2007","Date acquired: 00/00/2007"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1853-2007"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 00/00/2007"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-2007-01","/repositories/2/resources/336"],"text":["MS-2007-01","/repositories/2/resources/336","John T. Dizer papers, 1853-2007, Date acquired: 00/00/2007","Children's literature in series","Boy Scouts -- Florida","Children","Children's literature","Children's literature, American -- History and criticism","Children's stories","Detective and mystery stories -- Juvenile literature","Stratemeyer Syndicate","Swift, Tom (Fictitious character)","Young adult fiction, American -- History and criticism","Young adult fiction -- Publishing -- United States","Dime novels","Primarily alphabetical; original order maintained where discernable.","John Thomas \"Jack\" Dizer Jr. served in the U. S. Navy during World War II, commanding an LCT (Landing Craft Tank) in the Pacific.  Following the war, Dizer trained as an engineer and  received his Ph.D. from Purdue University.  After a professional career in industry he joined the engineering faculty of Mohawk Valley Community College (MVCC) in 1959, where he served as a Professor, Head of the Mechanical Engineering Technology Department, and Dean of the Technology and Business Division. He retired from MVCC in 1985 with the title Professor and Dean Emeritus. He was a Consulting Registered Certified Professional Engineer and a Life Fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.","Dizer's favorite childhood reading materials included stories about fictional boy inventor Tom Swift. The Tom Swift books influenced him significantly in deciding to pursue an engineering career. This experience gave him an appreciation for the importance of childhood reading in shaping adult lives. Dr. Dizer actively collected and studied children's literature for over 40 years, gaining recognition as a leading authority on American popular children's fiction. The works of Tom Swift's creator Edward Stratemeyer (1862-1930) and the Stratemeyer Syndicate were Dizer's principal areas of study. He lectured extensively on American children's literature and authored four books and more than 70 articles on diverse aspects of boys' and girls' popular fiction.","Sources:\n\"All Inductees, 1996-2004, to be Honored on New Hall of Fame Wall.\" Communitas: MVCC Faculty/Staff Newsletter.  10/4/2004, pp. 1, 3.\nHartman, Krista. \"Mohawk Valley Community College Authors: Faculty and Staff: A Bibliography.\"  [Utica: Mohawk Valley Community College, 2007].\n\"MVCC Dean/Professor Emeritus Authors Book on Children's Literature.\"  Communitas: MVCC Faculty/Staff Newsletter.  3/13/2006,  p. 1.\n\"MVCC 60th Anniversary Snapshots, MVCC 1946-2006.\" Communitas: MVCC Faculty/Staff Newsletter.  11/20/2006, p. 1.","Note written by PEC, 2007","published","Dizer, John T.  American Children's Literature 1890-1940: Heroic Tales That Shaped Adult Lives.  Lewiston: Edwin Mellen Press, 2006.","Dizer, John T.  \"LCT, I Love You.\" World War II Landing Craft Tanks, http://ww2lct.org/ .","Dizer, John T.  Readings in American Juvenile Literature: The Collected Essays of John T. Dizer.  Lewiston: Edwin Mellen Press, 2006.","Dizer, John T.  Tom Swift \u0026 Company: \"Boys' Books\" by Stratemeyer's and Others.  Jefferson: MacFarland \u0026 Co., 1982.","Dizer, John T.  Tom Swift, the Bobbsey Twins, and Other Heroes of American Juvenile Literature.  Lewiston: Edwin Mellen Press, 1997.","The collection consists of Dr. Dizer's correspondence and research files relating to nineteenth- and twentieth-century American popular children's literature, with particular emphasis on series books, story papers, and dime novels.  Notable are extensive files dealing with Edward Stratemeyer, the Stratemeyer Syndicate, and the Boy Scouts of America.","None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information.","USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Street and Smith Publications","Dizer, John T. (1921-2017)","Alger, Horatio, Jr. (1832-1899)","Appleton, Victor","Wirt, Mildred A. (Mildred Augustine) (1905-2002)","Keene, Carolyn","McFarlane, Leslie (1902-1977)","Stratemeyer, Edward (1862-1930)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-2007-01","/repositories/2/resources/336"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1853-2007, Date acquired: 00/00/2007"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John T. Dizer papers, 1853-2007, Date acquired: 00/00/2007"],"collection_title_tesim":["John T. Dizer papers, 1853-2007, Date acquired: 00/00/2007"],"collection_ssim":["John T. Dizer papers, 1853-2007, Date acquired: 00/00/2007"],"repository_ssm":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"creator_ssm":["Dizer, John T. (1921-2017)"],"creator_ssim":["Dizer, John T. (1921-2017)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Dizer, John T. (1921-2017)"],"creators_ssim":["Dizer, John T. (1921-2017)"],"access_terms_ssm":["None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information."],"acqinfo_ssim":["John T. Dizer","Donation."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Children's literature in series","Boy Scouts -- Florida","Children","Children's literature","Children's literature, American -- History and criticism","Children's stories","Detective and mystery stories -- Juvenile literature","Stratemeyer Syndicate","Swift, Tom (Fictitious character)","Young adult fiction, American -- History and criticism","Young adult fiction -- Publishing -- United States","Dime novels"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Children's literature in series","Boy Scouts -- Florida","Children","Children's literature","Children's literature, American -- History and criticism","Children's stories","Detective and mystery stories -- Juvenile literature","Stratemeyer Syndicate","Swift, Tom (Fictitious character)","Young adult fiction, American -- History and criticism","Young adult fiction -- Publishing -- United States","Dime novels"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["20.25 Linear Feet","40 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["20.25 Linear Feet","40 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Dime novels"],"date_range_isim":[1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePrimarily alphabetical; original order maintained where discernable.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["Primarily alphabetical; original order maintained where discernable."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn Thomas \"Jack\" Dizer Jr. served in the U. S. Navy during World War II, commanding an LCT (Landing Craft Tank) in the Pacific.  Following the war, Dizer trained as an engineer and  received his Ph.D. from Purdue University.  After a professional career in industry he joined the engineering faculty of Mohawk Valley Community College (MVCC) in 1959, where he served as a Professor, Head of the Mechanical Engineering Technology Department, and Dean of the Technology and Business Division. He retired from MVCC in 1985 with the title Professor and Dean Emeritus. He was a Consulting Registered Certified Professional Engineer and a Life Fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDizer's favorite childhood reading materials included stories about fictional boy inventor Tom Swift. The Tom Swift books influenced him significantly in deciding to pursue an engineering career. This experience gave him an appreciation for the importance of childhood reading in shaping adult lives. Dr. Dizer actively collected and studied children's literature for over 40 years, gaining recognition as a leading authority on American popular children's fiction. The works of Tom Swift's creator Edward Stratemeyer (1862-1930) and the Stratemeyer Syndicate were Dizer's principal areas of study. He lectured extensively on American children's literature and authored four books and more than 70 articles on diverse aspects of boys' and girls' popular fiction.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources:\n\"All Inductees, 1996-2004, to be Honored on New Hall of Fame Wall.\" Communitas: MVCC Faculty/Staff Newsletter.  10/4/2004, pp. 1, 3.\nHartman, Krista. \"Mohawk Valley Community College Authors: Faculty and Staff: A Bibliography.\"  [Utica: Mohawk Valley Community College, 2007].\n\"MVCC Dean/Professor Emeritus Authors Book on Children's Literature.\"  Communitas: MVCC Faculty/Staff Newsletter.  3/13/2006,  p. 1.\n\"MVCC 60th Anniversary Snapshots, MVCC 1946-2006.\" Communitas: MVCC Faculty/Staff Newsletter.  11/20/2006, p. 1.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote written by PEC, 2007\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["John Thomas \"Jack\" Dizer Jr. served in the U. S. Navy during World War II, commanding an LCT (Landing Craft Tank) in the Pacific.  Following the war, Dizer trained as an engineer and  received his Ph.D. from Purdue University.  After a professional career in industry he joined the engineering faculty of Mohawk Valley Community College (MVCC) in 1959, where he served as a Professor, Head of the Mechanical Engineering Technology Department, and Dean of the Technology and Business Division. He retired from MVCC in 1985 with the title Professor and Dean Emeritus. He was a Consulting Registered Certified Professional Engineer and a Life Fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.","Dizer's favorite childhood reading materials included stories about fictional boy inventor Tom Swift. The Tom Swift books influenced him significantly in deciding to pursue an engineering career. This experience gave him an appreciation for the importance of childhood reading in shaping adult lives. Dr. Dizer actively collected and studied children's literature for over 40 years, gaining recognition as a leading authority on American popular children's fiction. The works of Tom Swift's creator Edward Stratemeyer (1862-1930) and the Stratemeyer Syndicate were Dizer's principal areas of study. He lectured extensively on American children's literature and authored four books and more than 70 articles on diverse aspects of boys' and girls' popular fiction.","Sources:\n\"All Inductees, 1996-2004, to be Honored on New Hall of Fame Wall.\" Communitas: MVCC Faculty/Staff Newsletter.  10/4/2004, pp. 1, 3.\nHartman, Krista. \"Mohawk Valley Community College Authors: Faculty and Staff: A Bibliography.\"  [Utica: Mohawk Valley Community College, 2007].\n\"MVCC Dean/Professor Emeritus Authors Book on Children's Literature.\"  Communitas: MVCC Faculty/Staff Newsletter.  3/13/2006,  p. 1.\n\"MVCC 60th Anniversary Snapshots, MVCC 1946-2006.\" Communitas: MVCC Faculty/Staff Newsletter.  11/20/2006, p. 1.","Note written by PEC, 2007"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003epublished\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Other Descriptive Information"],"odd_tesim":["published"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn T. Dizer papers, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["John T. Dizer papers, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDizer, John T.\u0026#xA0; American Children's Literature 1890-1940: Heroic Tales That Shaped Adult Lives.\u0026#xA0; Lewiston: Edwin Mellen Press, 2006.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDizer, John T.\u0026#xA0; \"LCT, I Love You.\" World War II Landing Craft Tanks, http://ww2lct.org/ .\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDizer, John T.\u0026#xA0; Readings in American Juvenile Literature: The Collected Essays of John T. Dizer.\u0026#xA0; Lewiston: Edwin Mellen Press, 2006.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDizer, John T.\u0026#xA0; Tom Swift \u0026amp; Company: \"Boys' Books\" by Stratemeyer's and Others.\u0026#xA0; Jefferson: MacFarland \u0026amp; Co., 1982.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDizer, John T.\u0026#xA0; Tom Swift, the Bobbsey Twins, and Other Heroes of American Juvenile Literature.\u0026#xA0; Lewiston: Edwin Mellen Press, 1997.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Publications"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Dizer, John T.  American Children's Literature 1890-1940: Heroic Tales That Shaped Adult Lives.  Lewiston: Edwin Mellen Press, 2006.","Dizer, John T.  \"LCT, I Love You.\" World War II Landing Craft Tanks, http://ww2lct.org/ .","Dizer, John T.  Readings in American Juvenile Literature: The Collected Essays of John T. Dizer.  Lewiston: Edwin Mellen Press, 2006.","Dizer, John T.  Tom Swift \u0026 Company: \"Boys' Books\" by Stratemeyer's and Others.  Jefferson: MacFarland \u0026 Co., 1982.","Dizer, John T.  Tom Swift, the Bobbsey Twins, and Other Heroes of American Juvenile Literature.  Lewiston: Edwin Mellen Press, 1997."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of Dr. Dizer's correspondence and research files relating to nineteenth- and twentieth-century American popular children's literature, with particular emphasis on series books, story papers, and dime novels.\u0026#xA0; Notable are extensive files dealing with Edward Stratemeyer, the Stratemeyer Syndicate, and the Boy Scouts of America.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of Dr. Dizer's correspondence and research files relating to nineteenth- and twentieth-century American popular children's literature, with particular emphasis on series books, story papers, and dime novels.  Notable are extensive files dealing with Edward Stratemeyer, the Stratemeyer Syndicate, and the Boy Scouts of America."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone.\u0026#xA0;The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.\u0026#xA0; Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at \u003cextref href=\"http://www.copyright.gov/\"\u003ehttp://www.copyright.gov/\u003c/extref\u003e for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information."],"names_coll_ssim":["Street and Smith Publications","Alger, Horatio, Jr. (1832-1899)","Appleton, Victor","Wirt, Mildred A. 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In addition, he was known for Original Sin (2001), Why Would I Lie? (1980) and Rear Window (1998). He died on 24 August 2003 in New York City, New York, USA.","Language from the original item is typically transcribed directly and without redaction, especially for titles. Items depicting offensive, racist, and/or stereotypical imagery or language are presented in their original state as a historical record for scholarship and research.","Blackface minstrelsy is a popular entertainment form, originating in the United States in the mid-19th century and remaining in American life through the 20th century. The form is based around stereotypical and racist portrayals of African Americans, including mocking dialect, parodic lyrics, and the application of Black face paint; all designed to portray African Americans as othered subjects of humor and disrespect. Blackface was a dominant form for theatrical and musical performances for decades, both on stage and in private homes. The Sheldon Abend Theater Collection includes Blackface minstrelsy materials for the benefit of scholars seeking to better understand the role racial performance has had in shaping Western culture.","Related material to the collection may be found in the following repository. ","University of Miami Libraries, Special Collections.","American Play Company Collection","https://atom.library.miami.edu/asm0006","This collection contains scripts. This includes but is not limited to, play descriptions, selected scenes, and notes and comments from works such as Grounds for Divorce, Robin Hood's Party, and the Broadway play The Last Warning. Additionally, this collection includes blueprints on how scenes were developed, corrected, and improved based on comments and concerns from various actors during his career from the early 1920s until his death in 2003.","Rights: In copyright. 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Additionally, this collection includes blueprints on how scenes were developed, corrected, and improved based on comments and concerns from various actors during his career from the early 1920s until his death in 2003."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ehttps://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections \u0026amp; University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. 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Access will be reviewed upon request by curators, screening for confidential or sensitive information. Contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu for more information about access to these materials.","All boxes may be accessed by researchers upon request at the Claude Pepper Library.","Mark Wallheiser was a staff photographer at the Tallahassee Democrat from 1981 to 2008, and a freelancer from 2008 to 2025. He was known for his coverage of natural disasters, high school and collegiate athletics, and American politics.","He graduated from Western Kentucky University where he initially majored in English before switching to multimedia. he left Tennessee for Alabama to work for the Montgomery Advertiser in 1978.","The Society for Professional Journalism named him Florida News Photographer of the Year in 1989. After multiple individual Pulitzer Prize nominations, Wallheiser was part of a team that won the 2006 Pulitzer Prize in Public Service covering Hurricane Katrina. He was nominated again for a Pulitzer Prize for an image he captured of Donald Trump at a rally in Mobile, Alabama.\nHis work was featured on the cover of the Washington Post, the New York Times, USA Today and in other media outlets.","Wallheiser retired from FAMU-FSU College of Engineering in December 2023.","Wallheiser, 72, died of cancer on May 15, 2026.","Sources:","https://www.markwallheiser.com/","William L. Hatfield. (May 16, 2026). A life behind the lens: Local Pulitzer-winning photographer and mentor dies.  Tallahassee Democrat .  https://www.tallahassee.com/story/news/2026/05/16/pulitzer-winning-photojournalist-mark-wallheiser-dies-tallahassee-photos/90108314007/","This collection does not have a box 31.","Mark Wallheiser Photography.  https://www.markwallheiser.com/ \nat the Internet Archive:  https://wayback.archive-it.org/31388/*/https://www.markwallheiser.com/","Digital images, film negatives, and photographic prints documenting the photography career of Mark Wallheiser. Major topics include: Florida State University athletics and campus life; Florida A\u0026M University athletics; National Football League; 2000 US Presidential Election events in Florida; North Florida scenes and locations; and Wallheiser's Pulitzer-nominated photo essays on crack cocaine use in Tallahassee and Hurricane Katrina.","Portions of this collection include graphic depictions of drug use, the aftermath of natural disasters, and human remains. Some content may be traumatic to researchers and difficult to view. See our full Statement on Potentially Harmful Content here:  https://repository.lib.fsu.edu/potentially-harmful-content-statement","Selected images from this collection have been digitized and are available through  PASS .","Copyright in images created by Wallheiser are held by the Wallheiser estate.","Re-use or copying of these works beyond Fair Use may require permission from the rights-holder. For more information, contact Special Collections \u0026 Archives staff at lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu.","FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SCA 2024-008","/repositories/10/resources/2668"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1980-2024"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Mark Wallheiser Photographic Collection, 1980-2024"],"collection_title_tesim":["Mark Wallheiser Photographic Collection, 1980-2024"],"collection_ssim":["Mark Wallheiser Photographic Collection, 1980-2024"],"repository_ssm":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright in images created by Wallheiser are held by the Wallheiser estate.","Re-use or copying of these works beyond Fair Use may require permission from the rights-holder. For more information, contact Special Collections \u0026 Archives staff at lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Property rights transfer and copyright license executed by SCA Deed of Gift, March 28, 2023.","Negatives, prints, and optical disks transported to FSU Libraries on April 30, 2024.","Transfer of additional digital images expected in May 2024."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["30 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["30 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBoxes 1-32 and 35 of this collection are open to all researchers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBoxes 33 and 34 are restricted. Access will be reviewed upon request by curators, screening for confidential or sensitive information. Contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu for more information about access to these materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAll boxes may be accessed by researchers upon request at the Claude Pepper Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Boxes 1-32 and 35 of this collection are open to all researchers.","Boxes 33 and 34 are restricted. Access will be reviewed upon request by curators, screening for confidential or sensitive information. Contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu for more information about access to these materials.","All boxes may be accessed by researchers upon request at the Claude Pepper Library."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMark Wallheiser was a staff photographer at the Tallahassee Democrat from 1981 to 2008, and a freelancer from 2008 to 2025. He was known for his coverage of natural disasters, high school and collegiate athletics, and American politics.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe graduated from Western Kentucky University where he initially majored in English before switching to multimedia. he left Tennessee for Alabama to work for the Montgomery Advertiser in 1978.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Society for Professional Journalism named him Florida News Photographer of the Year in 1989. After multiple individual Pulitzer Prize nominations, Wallheiser was part of a team that won the 2006 Pulitzer Prize in Public Service covering Hurricane Katrina. He was nominated again for a Pulitzer Prize for an image he captured of Donald Trump at a rally in Mobile, Alabama.\nHis work was featured on the cover of the Washington Post, the New York Times, USA Today and in other media outlets.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWallheiser retired from FAMU-FSU College of Engineering in December 2023.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWallheiser, 72, died of cancer on May 15, 2026.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref href=\"https://www.markwallheiser.com/\"\u003ehttps://www.markwallheiser.com/\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam L. Hatfield. (May 16, 2026). A life behind the lens: Local Pulitzer-winning photographer and mentor dies. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eTallahassee Democrat\u003c/emph\u003e. \u003cextref href=\"https://www.tallahassee.com/story/news/2026/05/16/pulitzer-winning-photojournalist-mark-wallheiser-dies-tallahassee-photos/90108314007/\"\u003ehttps://www.tallahassee.com/story/news/2026/05/16/pulitzer-winning-photojournalist-mark-wallheiser-dies-tallahassee-photos/90108314007/\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mark Wallheiser was a staff photographer at the Tallahassee Democrat from 1981 to 2008, and a freelancer from 2008 to 2025. 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Tallahassee Democrat .  https://www.tallahassee.com/story/news/2026/05/16/pulitzer-winning-photojournalist-mark-wallheiser-dies-tallahassee-photos/90108314007/"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], Mark Wallheiser Photographic Collection, SCA 2024-008, Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida. http://purl.lib.fsu.edu/fa/SCA-2024-008\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], Mark Wallheiser Photographic Collection, SCA 2024-008, Special Collections \u0026 Archives, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida. http://purl.lib.fsu.edu/fa/SCA-2024-008"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection does not have a box 31.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This collection does not have a box 31."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMark Wallheiser Photography. \u003cextref href=\"https://www.markwallheiser.com/\"\u003ehttps://www.markwallheiser.com/\u003c/extref\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nat the Internet Archive: \u003cextref href=\"https://wayback.archive-it.org/31388/*/https://www.markwallheiser.com/\"\u003ehttps://wayback.archive-it.org/31388/*/https://www.markwallheiser.com/\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Mark Wallheiser Photography.  https://www.markwallheiser.com/ \nat the Internet Archive:  https://wayback.archive-it.org/31388/*/https://www.markwallheiser.com/"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDigital images, film negatives, and photographic prints documenting the photography career of Mark Wallheiser. Major topics include: Florida State University athletics and campus life; Florida A\u0026amp;M University athletics; National Football League; 2000 US Presidential Election events in Florida; North Florida scenes and locations; and Wallheiser's Pulitzer-nominated photo essays on crack cocaine use in Tallahassee and Hurricane Katrina.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePortions of this collection include graphic depictions of drug use, the aftermath of natural disasters, and human remains. Some content may be traumatic to researchers and difficult to view. See our full Statement on Potentially Harmful Content here: \u003cextref href=\"https://repository.lib.fsu.edu/potentially-harmful-content-statement\"\u003ehttps://repository.lib.fsu.edu/potentially-harmful-content-statement\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSelected images from this collection have been digitized and are available through \u003cextref href=\"http://pass.lib.fsu.edu/#Mark_Wallheiser_Photographic_Collection_2024-008/\"\u003ePASS\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Potentially Harmful Content","Online Copies Available"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Digital images, film negatives, and photographic prints documenting the photography career of Mark Wallheiser. 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