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Watson collection, 1929-2013, Date acquired: 12/05/2013","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/595da6ad0514b2d689ec320a#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection centers around a Brigadier General in the U.S. Air Force.  It includes items related to his time in the military and his personal life before and after retirement. It includes personal letters, special orders, magazines, books, newspapers and clippings, event brochures, pamphlets, education records, personnel files, flight logs, photographs, VHS Tapes, cassette tapes, and flags spanning from the 1930s until the early 2000s.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/595da6ad0514b2d689ec320a#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"595da6ad0514b2d689ec320a","title_filing_ssi":"Watson, Harold E. collection","title_ssm":["Harold E. Watson collection"],"title_tesim":["Harold E. Watson collection"],"ead_ssi":"595da6ad0514b2d689ec320a","unitdate_ssm":["1929-2013","Date acquired: 12/05/2013"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1929-2013"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 12/05/2013"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["13.0078","/repositories/10/resources/455"],"text":["13.0078","/repositories/10/resources/455","Harold E. Watson collection, 1929-2013, Date acquired: 12/05/2013","World War, 1939-1945","Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (Ohio). Foreign Technology Division","Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (Ohio)--History.","Me 262 (Jet fighter plane)","Air pilots, Military--United States","Germany. -- Luftwaffe -- History.","United States. -- Army Air Forces. -- Bombardment Squadron, 96th -- History.","Project Grudge.","University of Michigan--History.","This collection is open to all researchers.","Harold E. Watson was born on November 19, 1911 in Farmington, Connecticut. After graduating from high school in 1929, he attended Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, earning his degree in electrical engineering in 1933. He later graduated from Kelly Field as a flying cadet, and was assigned to the 96th Bomb Squadron. In 1939, he was transferred to Wright Patterson Air Force Base in Dayton, Ohio working in research development. He recieved his M.S. in aeronautical engineering in 1941 from the University of Michigan. During the War, he flew in the European theatre, and later returned as part of Operation Lusty,  part of the effort to capture German aircraft and return them to the U.S., and acted as an experimental test pilot over the next few years. In 1947, he was appointed as chief of the Air Technical Intelligence Center at Wright-Patterson, and in 1949, worked on Project Grudge, one of the U.S. Air Force's programs tracking and analyzing the threat of Unidentified Flying Objects. 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Robinson has been conducting research in the eastern half of Lake Apopka North Shore Restoration Area since August 15, 1998. Thus far, Robinson has published annual reports for the first sixteen years of his study of the 10,000 acre Central Florida reserve. Additionally, he has published three five-year reports. His study is currently ongoing and further publications of his research are forthcoming."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_3b39f39bc0bfe699a4a61aec03cf2513\"\u003eIndividual items in this collection have been cataloged and housed in the ENVR stacks.\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Individual items in this collection have been cataloged and housed in the ENVR stacks."],"names_coll_ssim":["Florida Audubon Society"],"names_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Florida Audubon Society","Robinson, Harry"],"corpname_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Florida Audubon Society"],"persname_ssim":["Robinson, Harry"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":25,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"7ea39f1c14909863a621cebb","timestamp":"2026-07-10T04:27:26.603Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"7ea39f1c14909863a621cebb","title_ssm":["Harry Robinson Bird Migration Studies, Florida"],"title_tesim":["Harry Robinson Bird Migration Studies, Florida"],"ead_ssi":"7ea39f1c14909863a621cebb","unitdate_ssm":["1998-2017","Date acquired: 09/28/2016"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1998-2017"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 09/28/2016"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-2016-06","/repositories/2/resources/41"],"text":["MS-2016-06","/repositories/2/resources/41","Harry Robinson Bird Migration Studies, Florida, 1998-2017, Date acquired: 09/28/2016","Lake Apopka (Fla.)","Birds","Ecology -- Florida","Birds -- Migration","Birds -- Habitat -- Florida","Materials are arranged chronologically and by type.","Harry Robinson is an avid birder and naturalist who conducts bird migration research on behalf of the Halifax River Audubon Society. His ongoing research focuses on the Lake Apopka area.","This collection consists of 16 published annual reports of Harry Robinson's bird migration study of the Lake Apopka North Shore Restoration Area, ranging from 1998-2016. Also included are 3 five-year reports, covering 1998-2003, 2003-2008, and 2008-2013.","None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information.","This collection consists of publications relating to a bird migration study conducted by Harry Robinson. Robinson has been conducting research in the eastern half of Lake Apopka North Shore Restoration Area since August 15, 1998. Thus far, Robinson has published annual reports for the first sixteen years of his study of the 10,000 acre Central Florida reserve. Additionally, he has published three five-year reports. His study is currently ongoing and further publications of his research are forthcoming.","Individual items in this collection have been cataloged and housed in the ENVR stacks.","USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Florida Audubon Society","Robinson, Harry","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-2016-06","/repositories/2/resources/41"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1998-2017, Date acquired: 09/28/2016"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Harry Robinson Bird Migration Studies, Florida, 1998-2017, Date acquired: 09/28/2016"],"collection_title_tesim":["Harry Robinson Bird Migration Studies, Florida, 1998-2017, Date acquired: 09/28/2016"],"collection_ssim":["Harry Robinson Bird Migration Studies, Florida, 1998-2017, Date acquired: 09/28/2016"],"repository_ssm":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Lake Apopka (Fla.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Lake Apopka (Fla.)"],"creator_ssm":["Robinson, Harry"],"creator_ssim":["Robinson, Harry"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Robinson, Harry"],"creators_ssim":["Robinson, Harry"],"places_ssim":["Lake Apopka (Fla.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Harry Robinson","Donation."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Birds","Ecology -- Florida","Birds -- Migration","Birds -- Habitat -- Florida"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Birds","Ecology -- Florida","Birds -- Migration","Birds -- Habitat -- Florida"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["24.00 items"],"extent_tesim":["24.00 items"],"date_range_isim":[1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials are arranged chronologically and by type.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["Materials are arranged chronologically and by type."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHarry Robinson is an avid birder and naturalist who conducts bird migration research on behalf of the Halifax River Audubon Society. His ongoing research focuses on the Lake Apopka area.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Harry Robinson is an avid birder and naturalist who conducts bird migration research on behalf of the Halifax River Audubon Society. His ongoing research focuses on the Lake Apopka area."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHarry Robinson Bird Migration Studies, Florida, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Harry Robinson Bird Migration Studies, Florida, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of 16 published annual reports of Harry Robinson's bird migration study of the Lake Apopka North Shore Restoration Area, ranging from 1998-2016. Also included are 3 five-year reports, covering 1998-2003, 2003-2008, and 2008-2013.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of 16 published annual reports of Harry Robinson's bird migration study of the Lake Apopka North Shore Restoration Area, ranging from 1998-2016. Also included are 3 five-year reports, covering 1998-2003, 2003-2008, and 2008-2013."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.\u0026#xA0; Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at \u003cextref href=\"http://www.copyright.gov/\"\u003ehttp://www.copyright.gov/\u003c/extref\u003e for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_f0f38e8cefe3df77e74d0ff628430ef7\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection consists of publications relating to a bird migration study conducted by Harry Robinson. Robinson has been conducting research in the eastern half of Lake Apopka North Shore Restoration Area since August 15, 1998. Thus far, Robinson has published annual reports for the first sixteen years of his study of the 10,000 acre Central Florida reserve. Additionally, he has published three five-year reports. His study is currently ongoing and further publications of his research are forthcoming.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection consists of publications relating to a bird migration study conducted by Harry Robinson. Robinson has been conducting research in the eastern half of Lake Apopka North Shore Restoration Area since August 15, 1998. Thus far, Robinson has published annual reports for the first sixteen years of his study of the 10,000 acre Central Florida reserve. Additionally, he has published three five-year reports. His study is currently ongoing and further publications of his research are forthcoming."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_3b39f39bc0bfe699a4a61aec03cf2513\"\u003eIndividual items in this collection have been cataloged and housed in the ENVR stacks.\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Individual items in this collection have been cataloged and housed in the ENVR stacks."],"names_coll_ssim":["Florida Audubon Society"],"names_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Florida Audubon Society","Robinson, Harry"],"corpname_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Florida Audubon Society"],"persname_ssim":["Robinson, Harry"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":25,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"7ea39f1c14909863a621cebb","timestamp":"2026-07-10T04:27:26.603Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/7ea39f1c14909863a621cebb"}},{"id":"c2a8828beb3d475be48847ca_aspace_b5108fc48a7057dd1ef91c21142030ce","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Hats, circa 2000-2012","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/c2a8828beb3d475be48847ca_aspace_b5108fc48a7057dd1ef91c21142030ce#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eThis box contains two WWII veteran caps with the USS Boston depicted on the cap.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/c2a8828beb3d475be48847ca_aspace_b5108fc48a7057dd1ef91c21142030ce#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_b5108fc48a7057dd1ef91c21142030ce","ref_ssm":["aspace_b5108fc48a7057dd1ef91c21142030ce","aspace_b5108fc48a7057dd1ef91c21142030ce"],"id":"c2a8828beb3d475be48847ca_aspace_b5108fc48a7057dd1ef91c21142030ce","title_filing_ssi":"Hats","title_ssm":["Hats"],"title_tesim":["Hats"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 2000-2012"],"normalized_date_ssm":["circa 2000-2012"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Hats, circa 2000-2012"],"text":["Hats, circa 2000-2012","Phillip Zimmerman collection, 1936-2012, Date accessioned: 2018-04-25","001","/repositories/10/archival_objects/178642","English","18.0011 - Box 2","object 001","This box contains two WWII veteran caps with the USS Boston depicted on the cap."],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ids_ssim":["c2a8828beb3d475be48847ca"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Phillip Zimmerman collection, 1936-2012, Date accessioned: 2018-04-25"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Phillip Zimmerman collection, 1936-2012, Date accessioned: 2018-04-25"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"unitid_ssm":["001","/repositories/10/archival_objects/178642"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Phillip Zimmerman collection, 1936-2012, Date accessioned: 2018-04-25"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":14,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open to all researchers."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"date_range_isim":[2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012],"language_ssim":["English"],"containers_ssim":["18.0011 - Box 2","object 001"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis box contains two WWII veteran caps with the USS Boston depicted on the cap.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents Note"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This box contains two WWII veteran caps with the USS Boston depicted on the cap."],"_nest_path_":"/components#13","_nest_parent_":"c2a8828beb3d475be48847ca","_root_":"c2a8828beb3d475be48847ca","_version_":1870857296958980096,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T07:55:53.771Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"c2a8828beb3d475be48847ca","title_filing_ssi":"Zimmerman, Phillip collection","title_ssm":["Phillip Zimmerman collection"],"title_tesim":["Phillip Zimmerman collection"],"ead_ssi":"c2a8828beb3d475be48847ca","unitdate_ssm":["1936-2012","Date accessioned: 2018-04-25"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1936-2012"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date accessioned: 2018-04-25"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["18.0011","/repositories/10/resources/134"],"text":["18.0011","/repositories/10/resources/134","Phillip Zimmerman collection, 1936-2012, Date accessioned: 2018-04-25","Iwo Jima, Battle of, 1945","Enewetak Atoll (Marshall Islands)","Kwajalein Atoll, Battle of, Marshall Islands, 1944","Pearl Harbor (Hawaii)","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Pacific Area","World War, 1939-1945--Naval operations","World War, 1939-1945--Japan","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Philippines","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Japan--Okinawa Island","Guam--History, Military","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--New Guinea","This collection is open to all researchers.","Phillip King Zimmerman was born in Dunedin, Florida on December 13, 1924, to Marie Morris Zimmerman and Porter Zimmerman and lived in Pinellas County most of his life. He joined the U.S. Navy in 1942 and served on several ships in the Pacific during WWII, most memorably the  U.S.S. Boston . ","By 1945 he promoted to Signalman First Class on Admiral Wiltse's staff. Zimmerman transferred to the  U.S.S. Baltimore  which became the flagship on January 25, 1945.  He was involved in a number of engagements in the Pacific and witnessed the signing of the Japanese Instrument of Surrender on September 2, 1945. ","When he returned home from the war he attended the University of Tampa, and within a few months met Grace Dana Harris. They married on September 1, 1946, and were married for sixty-six years. Zimmerman went into partnership with Dana's father in the lumber business. He later founded another company, Gas'n'Sav, from which he retired in 1982. As a young businessman, he developed an interest in state politics. He was active in several campaigns and was a member of Gov. Leroy Collins's Industrial Commission. He also served on the boards of several banks. Zimmerman believed strongly in education and helped a number of young people go to college. An avid golfer, he was a founder of the Cypress Run Golf Club in Tarpon Springs.  He passed away on December 23, 2012. ","Sources:","Legacy.com. \"Phillip King Zimmerman.\" Legacy.com.   (accessed April 25, 2018).","Navsource. \"NavSource Online: Cruiser Photo Archive USS BOSTON (CA 69/CAG 1).\"  Navsource.org. (http://www.navsource.org/archives/04/069/04069.htm (accessed April 25, 2018).","Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022.","This collection relates to U.S. Navy Signalman 1st Class Phillip King Zimmerman who served aboard the   U.S.S. Boston   as a part of the first crew and the   U.S.S. Baltimore   heavy cruisers during World War II in the Pacific Theater. This collection includes two logbooks that Phillip Zimmerman maintained during his tour aboard the  Boston  , information relating to Zimmerman's oral history, photographs from service, two of his hats, and ephemera.","All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.","FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Boston (Protected cruiser)","Baltimore (Cruiser)","Zimmerman, Phillip King, 1924-2012","Zimmerman, Julia","English"],"unitid_tesim":["18.0011","/repositories/10/resources/134"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1936-2012, Date accessioned: 2018-04-25"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Phillip Zimmerman collection, 1936-2012, Date accessioned: 2018-04-25"],"collection_title_tesim":["Phillip Zimmerman collection, 1936-2012, Date accessioned: 2018-04-25"],"collection_ssim":["Phillip Zimmerman collection, 1936-2012, Date accessioned: 2018-04-25"],"repository_ssm":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Iwo Jima, Battle of, 1945","Enewetak Atoll (Marshall Islands)","Kwajalein Atoll, Battle of, Marshall Islands, 1944","Pearl Harbor (Hawaii)"],"geogname_ssim":["Iwo Jima, Battle of, 1945","Enewetak Atoll (Marshall Islands)","Kwajalein Atoll, Battle of, Marshall Islands, 1944","Pearl Harbor (Hawaii)"],"creator_ssm":["Zimmerman, Phillip King, 1924-2012","Zimmerman, Julia"],"creator_ssim":["Zimmerman, Phillip King, 1924-2012","Zimmerman, Julia"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Zimmerman, Julia"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Zimmerman, Phillip King, 1924-2012"],"creators_ssim":["Zimmerman, Julia","Zimmerman, Phillip King, 1924-2012"],"places_ssim":["Iwo Jima, Battle of, 1945","Enewetak Atoll (Marshall Islands)","Kwajalein Atoll, Battle of, Marshall Islands, 1944","Pearl Harbor (Hawaii)"],"access_terms_ssm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Pacific Area","World War, 1939-1945--Naval operations","World War, 1939-1945--Japan","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Philippines","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Japan--Okinawa Island","Guam--History, Military","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--New Guinea"],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Pacific Area","World War, 1939-1945--Naval operations","World War, 1939-1945--Japan","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Philippines","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Japan--Okinawa Island","Guam--History, Military","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--New Guinea"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 Linear Feet 2 half boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1 Linear Feet 2 half boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to all researchers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to all researchers."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePhillip King Zimmerman was born in Dunedin, Florida on December 13, 1924, to Marie Morris Zimmerman and Porter Zimmerman and lived in Pinellas County most of his life. He joined the U.S. Navy in 1942 and served on several ships in the Pacific during WWII, most memorably the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eU.S.S. Boston\u003c/emph\u003e. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBy 1945 he promoted to Signalman First Class on Admiral Wiltse's staff. Zimmerman transferred to the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eU.S.S. Baltimore\u003c/emph\u003e which became the flagship on January 25, 1945.\u0026#xA0; He was involved in a number of engagements in the Pacific and witnessed the signing of the Japanese Instrument of Surrender on September 2, 1945. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhen he returned home from the war he attended the University of Tampa, and within a few months met Grace Dana Harris. They married on September 1, 1946, and were married for sixty-six years. Zimmerman went into partnership with Dana's father in the lumber business. He later founded another company, Gas'n'Sav, from which he retired in 1982. As a young businessman, he developed an interest in state politics. He was active in several campaigns and was a member of Gov. Leroy Collins's Industrial Commission. He also served on the boards of several banks. Zimmerman believed strongly in education and helped a number of young people go to college. An avid golfer, he was a founder of the Cypress Run Golf Club in Tarpon Springs.\u0026#xA0; He passed away on December 23, 2012. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eSources:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLegacy.com. \"Phillip King Zimmerman.\" Legacy.com. \u003ca href=\"https://www.legacy.com/obituaries/tallahassee/obituary.aspx?n=phillip-king-zimmerman\u0026amp;pid=161971510\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e (accessed April 25, 2018).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNavsource. \"NavSource Online: Cruiser Photo Archive USS BOSTON (CA 69/CAG 1).\"\u0026#xA0; Navsource.org. (http://www.navsource.org/archives/04/069/04069.htm (accessed April 25, 2018).\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Phillip King Zimmerman was born in Dunedin, Florida on December 13, 1924, to Marie Morris Zimmerman and Porter Zimmerman and lived in Pinellas County most of his life. He joined the U.S. Navy in 1942 and served on several ships in the Pacific during WWII, most memorably the  U.S.S. Boston . ","By 1945 he promoted to Signalman First Class on Admiral Wiltse's staff. Zimmerman transferred to the  U.S.S. Baltimore  which became the flagship on January 25, 1945.  He was involved in a number of engagements in the Pacific and witnessed the signing of the Japanese Instrument of Surrender on September 2, 1945. ","When he returned home from the war he attended the University of Tampa, and within a few months met Grace Dana Harris. They married on September 1, 1946, and were married for sixty-six years. Zimmerman went into partnership with Dana's father in the lumber business. He later founded another company, Gas'n'Sav, from which he retired in 1982. As a young businessman, he developed an interest in state politics. He was active in several campaigns and was a member of Gov. Leroy Collins's Industrial Commission. He also served on the boards of several banks. Zimmerman believed strongly in education and helped a number of young people go to college. An avid golfer, he was a founder of the Cypress Run Golf Club in Tarpon Springs.  He passed away on December 23, 2012. ","Sources:","Legacy.com. \"Phillip King Zimmerman.\" Legacy.com.   (accessed April 25, 2018).","Navsource. \"NavSource Online: Cruiser Photo Archive USS BOSTON (CA 69/CAG 1).\"  Navsource.org. (http://www.navsource.org/archives/04/069/04069.htm (accessed April 25, 2018)."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTransferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives in July 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], Phillip Zimmerman collection, Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_18_0011\"\u003ehttp://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_18_0011\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], Phillip Zimmerman collection, Special Collections \u0026 Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida.  http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_18_0011 ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection relates to U.S. Navy Signalman 1st Class Phillip King Zimmerman who served aboard the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003e U.S.S. Boston \u003c/emph\u003e as a part of the first crew and the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003e U.S.S. Baltimore \u003c/emph\u003e heavy cruisers during World War II in the Pacific Theater. This collection includes two logbooks that Phillip Zimmerman maintained during his tour aboard the\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003e Boston \u003c/emph\u003e, information relating to Zimmerman's oral history, photographs from service, two of his hats, and ephemera.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection relates to U.S. Navy Signalman 1st Class Phillip King Zimmerman who served aboard the   U.S.S. Boston   as a part of the first crew and the   U.S.S. Baltimore   heavy cruisers during World War II in the Pacific Theater. This collection includes two logbooks that Phillip Zimmerman maintained during his tour aboard the  Boston  , information relating to Zimmerman's oral history, photographs from service, two of his hats, and ephemera."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"names_coll_ssim":["Boston (Protected cruiser)","Baltimore (Cruiser)","Zimmerman, Julia"],"names_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Boston (Protected cruiser)","Baltimore (Cruiser)","Zimmerman, Phillip King, 1924-2012","Zimmerman, Julia"],"corpname_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Boston (Protected cruiser)","Baltimore (Cruiser)"],"famname_ssim":["Zimmerman, Phillip King, 1924-2012"],"persname_ssim":["Zimmerman, Julia"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":14,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870857296958980096,"_root_":"c2a8828beb3d475be48847ca","timestamp":"2026-07-16T07:55:53.771Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/c2a8828beb3d475be48847ca_aspace_b5108fc48a7057dd1ef91c21142030ce"}},{"id":"4cad6a8e1fb73ffc7f9b49f0_aspace_88268e45aec13bff327eb600fabeb6d0","type":"Sub-sub-series","attributes":{"title":"Healthcare, 1982-2010","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/4cad6a8e1fb73ffc7f9b49f0_aspace_88268e45aec13bff327eb600fabeb6d0#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_88268e45aec13bff327eb600fabeb6d0","ref_ssm":["aspace_88268e45aec13bff327eb600fabeb6d0","aspace_88268e45aec13bff327eb600fabeb6d0"],"id":"4cad6a8e1fb73ffc7f9b49f0_aspace_88268e45aec13bff327eb600fabeb6d0","title_filing_ssi":"Healthcare","title_ssm":["Healthcare"],"title_tesim":["Healthcare"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1982-2010"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1982-2010"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Healthcare, 1982-2010"],"text":["Healthcare, 1982-2010","Edward H. Gamble Collection, 1980-2010","Newspaper Editorial Cartoons, 1980-2010","National Subjects (United States), 1981-2010","/repositories/3/archival_objects/7718","box 13","folder 2"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["4cad6a8e1fb73ffc7f9b49f0","4cad6a8e1fb73ffc7f9b49f0_aspace_4447b31a9198230292609fb2ec67bf88","4cad6a8e1fb73ffc7f9b49f0_aspace_72998891586a16ef628ee754704041e9"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Edward H. Gamble Collection, 1980-2010","Newspaper Editorial Cartoons, 1980-2010","National Subjects (United States), 1981-2010"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Edward H. Gamble Collection, 1980-2010","Newspaper Editorial Cartoons, 1980-2010","National Subjects (United States), 1981-2010"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Subseries"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/3/archival_objects/7718"],"repository_ssim":["UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Edward H. Gamble Collection, 1980-2010"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Sub-sub-series"],"level_ssim":["Sub-sub-series"],"sort_isi":62,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research by appointment only. Please contact lib-special@unf.edu to schedule an appointment."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Materials in the collection may be subject to copyright and are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accordance with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). Use of reproductions of copyrighted works in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement and be subject to the civil and criminal penalties of federal law. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for further information."],"date_range_isim":[1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010],"containers_ssim":["box 13","folder 2"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#4/components#4","_nest_parent_":"4cad6a8e1fb73ffc7f9b49f0_aspace_72998891586a16ef628ee754704041e9","_root_":"4cad6a8e1fb73ffc7f9b49f0","_version_":1870860561902731264,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:47:47.463Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"4cad6a8e1fb73ffc7f9b49f0","title_ssm":["Edward H. Gamble Collection"],"title_tesim":["Edward H. Gamble Collection"],"ead_ssi":"4cad6a8e1fb73ffc7f9b49f0","unitdate_ssm":["1980-2010"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1980-2010"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["2014.001","/repositories/3/resources/67"],"text":["2014.001","/repositories/3/resources/67","Edward H. Gamble Collection, 1980-2010","United States -- Politics and Government -- 20th century -- Caricatures and Cartoons","United States -- Politics and Government -- 21st century -- Caricatures and Cartoons","United States -- Social Life and Customs -- Caricatures and Cartoons","Cartoonists -- Tennessee -- Morristown -- Archives","Political Satire, American -- History -- 20th century -- Caricatures and Cartoons","Political Satire, American -- History -- 21st century -- Caricatures and Cartoons","Newspapers -- Caricatures and Cartoons","Political Cartoons","Politicians -- United States -- Caricatures and Cartoons","Wit and Humor, Pictorial","The collection is open for research by appointment only. Please contact lib-special@unf.edu to schedule an appointment.","Ed Gamble is a nationally syndicated political cartoonist whose work has appeared in numerous national and international publications, including the New York Times, the Washington Post, the Los Angeles Times, LeMonde (France), Der Spiegel (Germany), and the Independent (England). Born on May 12, 1943, in Morristown, Tennessee, his father, James Vernon Gamble, had a political career, while his mother, Anna Hill, was a newspaper columnist. Gamble was married to Saundra Lancaster on June 28, 1964.","Gamble was awarded a bachelor's degree in political science from the University of South Florida in 1970 and did graduate work at the University of Tennessee between 1971 and 1972. His professional career includes work as a reporter, sports editor, sports cartoonist, and political cartoonist. He was editorial cartoonist for the Nashville Banner in Nashville, Tennessee, from 1972 to 1980 and for the Florida Times-Union in Jacksonville, Florida, from 1980 to 2010.","In addition to appearing in magazines and newspapers, Gamble's cartoons are permanently displayed at the Texas Depository in Dallas, Texas, and at the Ford, Carter, Nixon, Reagan, and Bush Presidential Museums. His work has also been featured in several books: A Peek at the Great Society, 1965; A Cartoon History of the Reagan Years, 1988; and You Get Two for the Price of One, 1995. The Gambles currently reside in the Mandarin area of Jacksonville, Florida.","The collection contains original political cartoons, personal letters, and ephemera. The majority of the cartoon collection relates to Florida and Jacksonville and were published in the Florida Times-Union Newspaper.","Materials in the collection may be subject to copyright and are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accordance with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). Use of reproductions of copyrighted works in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement and be subject to the civil and criminal penalties of federal law. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for further information.","UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives","Florida Times-Union.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["2014.001","/repositories/3/resources/67"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1980-2010"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Edward H. Gamble Collection, 1980-2010"],"collection_title_tesim":["Edward H. Gamble Collection, 1980-2010"],"collection_ssim":["Edward H. 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Use of reproductions of copyrighted works in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement and be subject to the civil and criminal penalties of federal law. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for further information."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was acquired through donation from Edward H. Gamble, February 2014."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Cartoonists -- Tennessee -- Morristown -- Archives","Political Satire, American -- History -- 20th century -- Caricatures and Cartoons","Political Satire, American -- History -- 21st century -- Caricatures and Cartoons","Newspapers -- Caricatures and Cartoons","Political Cartoons","Politicians -- United States -- Caricatures and Cartoons","Wit and Humor, Pictorial"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Cartoonists -- Tennessee -- Morristown -- Archives","Political Satire, American -- History -- 20th century -- Caricatures and Cartoons","Political Satire, American -- History -- 21st century -- Caricatures and Cartoons","Newspapers -- Caricatures and Cartoons","Political Cartoons","Politicians -- United States -- Caricatures and Cartoons","Wit and Humor, Pictorial"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["9.00 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["9.00 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research by appointment only. Please contact lib-special@unf.edu to schedule an appointment.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research by appointment only. Please contact lib-special@unf.edu to schedule an appointment."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEd Gamble is a nationally syndicated political cartoonist whose work has appeared in numerous national and international publications, including the New York Times, the Washington Post, the Los Angeles Times, LeMonde (France), Der Spiegel (Germany), and the Independent (England). Born on May 12, 1943, in Morristown, Tennessee, his father, James Vernon Gamble, had a political career, while his mother, Anna Hill, was a newspaper columnist. Gamble was married to Saundra Lancaster on June 28, 1964.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGamble was awarded a bachelor's degree in political science from the University of South Florida in 1970 and did graduate work at the University of Tennessee between 1971 and 1972. His professional career includes work as a reporter, sports editor, sports cartoonist, and political cartoonist. He was editorial cartoonist for the Nashville Banner in Nashville, Tennessee, from 1972 to 1980 and for the Florida Times-Union in Jacksonville, Florida, from 1980 to 2010.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to appearing in magazines and newspapers, Gamble's cartoons are permanently displayed at the Texas Depository in Dallas, Texas, and at the Ford, Carter, Nixon, Reagan, and Bush Presidential Museums. His work has also been featured in several books: A Peek at the Great Society, 1965; A Cartoon History of the Reagan Years, 1988; and You Get Two for the Price of One, 1995. The Gambles currently reside in the Mandarin area of Jacksonville, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Ed Gamble is a nationally syndicated political cartoonist whose work has appeared in numerous national and international publications, including the New York Times, the Washington Post, the Los Angeles Times, LeMonde (France), Der Spiegel (Germany), and the Independent (England). Born on May 12, 1943, in Morristown, Tennessee, his father, James Vernon Gamble, had a political career, while his mother, Anna Hill, was a newspaper columnist. Gamble was married to Saundra Lancaster on June 28, 1964.","Gamble was awarded a bachelor's degree in political science from the University of South Florida in 1970 and did graduate work at the University of Tennessee between 1971 and 1972. His professional career includes work as a reporter, sports editor, sports cartoonist, and political cartoonist. He was editorial cartoonist for the Nashville Banner in Nashville, Tennessee, from 1972 to 1980 and for the Florida Times-Union in Jacksonville, Florida, from 1980 to 2010.","In addition to appearing in magazines and newspapers, Gamble's cartoons are permanently displayed at the Texas Depository in Dallas, Texas, and at the Ford, Carter, Nixon, Reagan, and Bush Presidential Museums. His work has also been featured in several books: A Peek at the Great Society, 1965; A Cartoon History of the Reagan Years, 1988; and You Get Two for the Price of One, 1995. The Gambles currently reside in the Mandarin area of Jacksonville, Florida."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEdward H. Gamble Collection, Thomas G. Carpenter Library, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Edward H. Gamble Collection, Thomas G. Carpenter Library, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains original political cartoons, personal letters, and ephemera. The majority of the cartoon collection relates to Florida and Jacksonville and were published in the Florida Times-Union Newspaper.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains original political cartoons, personal letters, and ephemera. The majority of the cartoon collection relates to Florida and Jacksonville and were published in the Florida Times-Union Newspaper."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in the collection may be subject to copyright and are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accordance with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). Use of reproductions of copyrighted works in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement and be subject to the civil and criminal penalties of federal law. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for further information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials in the collection may be subject to copyright and are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accordance with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). Use of reproductions of copyrighted works in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement and be subject to the civil and criminal penalties of federal law. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for further information."],"names_coll_ssim":["Florida Times-Union."],"names_ssim":["UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives","Florida Times-Union."],"corpname_ssim":["UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives","Florida Times-Union."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":68,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870860561902731264,"_root_":"4cad6a8e1fb73ffc7f9b49f0","timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:47:47.463Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/4cad6a8e1fb73ffc7f9b49f0_aspace_88268e45aec13bff327eb600fabeb6d0"}},{"id":"e2000508767dfc5088ad7637_aspace_6d7bc4c3957c9ed8bd330d7a34ad5f84","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Health Occupation Students of America (HOSA), 2010-2011","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/e2000508767dfc5088ad7637_aspace_6d7bc4c3957c9ed8bd330d7a34ad5f84#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_6d7bc4c3957c9ed8bd330d7a34ad5f84","ref_ssm":["aspace_6d7bc4c3957c9ed8bd330d7a34ad5f84","aspace_6d7bc4c3957c9ed8bd330d7a34ad5f84"],"id":"e2000508767dfc5088ad7637_aspace_6d7bc4c3957c9ed8bd330d7a34ad5f84","title_filing_ssi":"Health Occupation Students of America (HOSA)","title_ssm":["Health Occupation Students of America (HOSA)"],"title_tesim":["Health Occupation Students of America (HOSA)"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["2010-2011"],"normalized_date_ssm":["2010-2011"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Health Occupation Students of America (HOSA), 2010-2011"],"text":["Health Occupation Students of America (HOSA), 2010-2011","University of West Florida. University Commons and Student Activities.  Student Organizations., 1968-2017","Box 3","M2017-05, Box 3, Folder 42","/repositories/2/archival_objects/14565"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["e2000508767dfc5088ad7637","e2000508767dfc5088ad7637_aspace_48d892e180c164f3dfd60ce8363908d2"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["University of West Florida. University Commons and Student Activities.  Student Organizations., 1968-2017","Box 3"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["University of West Florida. University Commons and Student Activities.  Student Organizations., 1968-2017","Box 3"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Box"],"unitid_ssm":["M2017-05, Box 3, Folder 42","/repositories/2/archival_objects/14565"],"repository_ssim":["UWF University Archives and West Florida History Center"],"collection_ssim":["University of West Florida. University Commons and Student Activities.  Student Organizations., 1968-2017"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":160,"date_range_isim":[2010,2011],"_nest_path_":"/components#6/components#40","_nest_parent_":"e2000508767dfc5088ad7637_aspace_48d892e180c164f3dfd60ce8363908d2","_root_":"e2000508767dfc5088ad7637","timestamp":"2026-04-21T05:01:07.356Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"e2000508767dfc5088ad7637","title_ssm":["University of West Florida. University Commons and Student Activities.  Student Organizations."],"title_tesim":["University of West Florida. University Commons and Student Activities.  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In addition, as received, the original files had been organized into series (e.g. Academic, Honor, etc.); we have retained these headings but only when they appeared in the records as a tab folder.   Note that there are duplicate folders for organizations scattered in the collection and that terms for searching may need to be expanded by the user (e.g. Blacks, African-American, NAACP, etc.)","Records, 1968-2017, of the University of West Florida, University Commons and Student Activities, consisting of files on student organizations including honor societies, religious, fraternal, professional, special interest, and academic student groups.  Records include charters, bylaws, membership and officer lists, organization activities, and annual filings.","UWF University Archives and West Florida History Center","English"],"unitid_tesim":["M2017-05","/repositories/2/resources/379"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1968-2017"],"normalized_title_ssm":["University of West Florida. University Commons and Student Activities.  Student Organizations., 1968-2017"],"collection_title_tesim":["University of West Florida. University Commons and Student Activities.  Student Organizations., 1968-2017"],"collection_ssim":["University of West Florida. University Commons and Student Activities.  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These folder numbers do not appear on the original records but will help staff to retrive the files. In addition, as received, the original files had been organized into series (e.g. Academic, Honor, etc.); we have retained these headings but only when they appeared in the records as a tab folder.   Note that there are duplicate folders for organizations scattered in the collection and that terms for searching may need to be expanded by the user (e.g. Blacks, African-American, NAACP, etc.)\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["For inventory purposes, each folder has been numbered in order to preserve the original order of the records which themselves may not be strictly alphabetical.  These folder numbers do not appear on the original records but will help staff to retrive the files. In addition, as received, the original files had been organized into series (e.g. Academic, Honor, etc.); we have retained these headings but only when they appeared in the records as a tab folder.   Note that there are duplicate folders for organizations scattered in the collection and that terms for searching may need to be expanded by the user (e.g. Blacks, African-American, NAACP, etc.)"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords, 1968-2017, of the University of West Florida, University Commons and Student Activities, consisting of files on student organizations including honor societies, religious, fraternal, professional, special interest, and academic student groups.  Records include charters, bylaws, membership and officer lists, organization activities, and annual filings.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Records, 1968-2017, of the University of West Florida, University Commons and Student Activities, consisting of files on student organizations including honor societies, religious, fraternal, professional, special interest, and academic student groups.  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Long active in civic affairs, she was a charter member of the Hillsborough League of Women Voters and the first woman from Hillsborough County elected to the Florida Legislature."],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/c286db32a0ce7536db367d69#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"c286db32a0ce7536db367d69","title_ssm":["Helen Gordon Davis collection"],"title_tesim":["Helen Gordon Davis collection"],"ead_ssi":"c286db32a0ce7536db367d69","unitdate_ssm":["1976-2004","1976-1992","Date acquired: 01/00/1996"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1976-1992"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1976-2004"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 01/00/1996"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-1996-04","/repositories/2/resources/519"],"text":["MS-1996-04","/repositories/2/resources/519","Helen Gordon Davis collection, 1976-2004, Date acquired: 01/00/1996, bulk 1976-1992","Florida -- Politics and government","Minorities -- Legal status, laws, etc.","Women's rights","League of Women Voters (U.S.)","Political campaigns -- United States","Legislators -- Florida","Subsequent files were transferred to the USF Libraries from the Florida State University College of Law Library in 2007.","Arranged alphabetically by subject within series.","Helen Gordon Davis (1926-2015) received a B.A. from Brooklyn College in New York and moved to Tampa, FL in 1948. In 1952, she became the first white woman in Florida to join the NAACP. She founded the first women's center in Florida in 1971. Davis became the first female elected to the Florida House of Representatives in 1974 and served various districts until 1988, when she was elected to the Florida Senate. Gordon Davis served in the Senate until 1992. During Davis' tenure in the Florida Legislature, she pushed for women's rights and various family-based social programs. Davis was  awarded many community honors during her lifetime and remained an active supporter of the University of South Florida in Tampa, the Children's Home of Tampa, and the Salvation Army until her death. Helen Gordon Davis was also a founding member of the Tampa Centre for Women.","The collection consists of campaign materials, correspondence, human and women's rights materials, legislative bills, press clippings, photographs, research materials, and speeches from Helen Gordon Davis' public career. The collection also contains a large volume of materials documenting Davis' community activism in the Tampa Bay area, as well as photocopies of several scrapbooks. These photocopies document Davis' early acting and later political careers.","To the extent that they own copyright, the donor has assigned the copyright in their works to USF; permissions to use the material in excess of what copyright law allows should be sent to the USF Technology Transfer Office (https://www.usf.edu/research-innovation/pl/).  Copyright in some items in this collection may be held by their respective creators. Consult Special Collections for details.","A politician, Helen Gordon Davis served in the Florida Legislature from 1974-1992. Long active in civic affairs, she was a charter member of the Hillsborough League of Women Voters and the first woman from Hillsborough County elected to the Florida Legislature.","USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Florida. Legislature. 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Copyright in some items in this collection may be held by their respective creators. Consult Special Collections for details."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Helen Gordon Davis","Donation"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Minorities -- Legal status, laws, etc.","Women's rights","League of Women Voters (U.S.)","Political campaigns -- United States","Legislators -- Florida"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Minorities -- Legal status, laws, etc.","Women's rights","League of Women Voters (U.S.)","Political campaigns -- United States","Legislators -- Florida"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["9.80 Linear Feet","24 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["9.80 Linear Feet","24 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSubsequent files were transferred to the USF Libraries from the Florida State University College of Law Library in 2007.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals and Additions"],"accruals_tesim":["Subsequent files were transferred to the USF Libraries from the Florida State University College of Law Library in 2007."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by subject within series.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged alphabetically by subject within series."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHelen Gordon Davis (1926-2015) received a B.A. from Brooklyn College in New York and moved to Tampa, FL in 1948. 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In 1952, she became the first white woman in Florida to join the NAACP. She founded the first women's center in Florida in 1971. Davis became the first female elected to the Florida House of Representatives in 1974 and served various districts until 1988, when she was elected to the Florida Senate. Gordon Davis served in the Senate until 1992. During Davis' tenure in the Florida Legislature, she pushed for women's rights and various family-based social programs. Davis was  awarded many community honors during her lifetime and remained an active supporter of the University of South Florida in Tampa, the Children's Home of Tampa, and the Salvation Army until her death. Helen Gordon Davis was also a founding member of the Tampa Centre for Women."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHelen Gordon Davis collection, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Helen Gordon Davis collection, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of campaign materials, correspondence, human and women's rights materials, legislative bills, press clippings, photographs, research materials, and speeches from Helen Gordon Davis' public career. The collection also contains a large volume of materials documenting Davis' community activism in the Tampa Bay area, as well as photocopies of several scrapbooks. These photocopies document Davis' early acting and later political careers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of campaign materials, correspondence, human and women's rights materials, legislative bills, press clippings, photographs, research materials, and speeches from Helen Gordon Davis' public career. The collection also contains a large volume of materials documenting Davis' community activism in the Tampa Bay area, as well as photocopies of several scrapbooks. These photocopies document Davis' early acting and later political careers."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTo the extent that they own copyright, the donor has assigned the copyright in their works to USF; permissions to use the material in excess of what copyright law allows should be sent to the USF Technology Transfer Office (https://www.usf.edu/research-innovation/pl/).  Copyright in some items in this collection may be held by their respective creators. Consult Special Collections for details.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["To the extent that they own copyright, the donor has assigned the copyright in their works to USF; permissions to use the material in excess of what copyright law allows should be sent to the USF Technology Transfer Office (https://www.usf.edu/research-innovation/pl/).  Copyright in some items in this collection may be held by their respective creators. Consult Special Collections for details."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e65fb22c1567c40d5bd7d610697466b0\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eA politician, Helen Gordon Davis served in the Florida Legislature from 1974-1992. 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In 1952, she became the first white woman in Florida to join the NAACP. She founded the first women's center in Florida in 1971. Davis became the first female elected to the Florida House of Representatives in 1974 and served various districts until 1988, when she was elected to the Florida Senate. Gordon Davis served in the Senate until 1992. During Davis' tenure in the Florida Legislature, she pushed for women's rights and various family-based social programs. Davis was  awarded many community honors during her lifetime and remained an active supporter of the University of South Florida in Tampa, the Children's Home of Tampa, and the Salvation Army until her death. Helen Gordon Davis was also a founding member of the Tampa Centre for Women.","The collection consists of campaign materials, correspondence, human and women's rights materials, legislative bills, press clippings, photographs, research materials, and speeches from Helen Gordon Davis' public career. The collection also contains a large volume of materials documenting Davis' community activism in the Tampa Bay area, as well as photocopies of several scrapbooks. These photocopies document Davis' early acting and later political careers.","To the extent that they own copyright, the donor has assigned the copyright in their works to USF; permissions to use the material in excess of what copyright law allows should be sent to the USF Technology Transfer Office (https://www.usf.edu/research-innovation/pl/).  Copyright in some items in this collection may be held by their respective creators. Consult Special Collections for details.","A politician, Helen Gordon Davis served in the Florida Legislature from 1974-1992. Long active in civic affairs, she was a charter member of the Hillsborough League of Women Voters and the first woman from Hillsborough County elected to the Florida Legislature.","USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Florida. Legislature. 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Copyright in some items in this collection may be held by their respective creators. 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In 1952, she became the first white woman in Florida to join the NAACP. She founded the first women's center in Florida in 1971. Davis became the first female elected to the Florida House of Representatives in 1974 and served various districts until 1988, when she was elected to the Florida Senate. Gordon Davis served in the Senate until 1992. During Davis' tenure in the Florida Legislature, she pushed for women's rights and various family-based social programs. Davis was  awarded many community honors during her lifetime and remained an active supporter of the University of South Florida in Tampa, the Children's Home of Tampa, and the Salvation Army until her death. Helen Gordon Davis was also a founding member of the Tampa Centre for Women."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHelen Gordon Davis collection, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Helen Gordon Davis collection, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of campaign materials, correspondence, human and women's rights materials, legislative bills, press clippings, photographs, research materials, and speeches from Helen Gordon Davis' public career. The collection also contains a large volume of materials documenting Davis' community activism in the Tampa Bay area, as well as photocopies of several scrapbooks. These photocopies document Davis' early acting and later political careers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of campaign materials, correspondence, human and women's rights materials, legislative bills, press clippings, photographs, research materials, and speeches from Helen Gordon Davis' public career. The collection also contains a large volume of materials documenting Davis' community activism in the Tampa Bay area, as well as photocopies of several scrapbooks. These photocopies document Davis' early acting and later political careers."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTo the extent that they own copyright, the donor has assigned the copyright in their works to USF; permissions to use the material in excess of what copyright law allows should be sent to the USF Technology Transfer Office (https://www.usf.edu/research-innovation/pl/).  Copyright in some items in this collection may be held by their respective creators. Consult Special Collections for details.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["To the extent that they own copyright, the donor has assigned the copyright in their works to USF; permissions to use the material in excess of what copyright law allows should be sent to the USF Technology Transfer Office (https://www.usf.edu/research-innovation/pl/).  Copyright in some items in this collection may be held by their respective creators. Consult Special Collections for details."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e65fb22c1567c40d5bd7d610697466b0\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eA politician, Helen Gordon Davis served in the Florida Legislature from 1974-1992. Long active in civic affairs, she was a charter member of the Hillsborough League of Women Voters and the first woman from Hillsborough County elected to the Florida Legislature.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["A politician, Helen Gordon Davis served in the Florida Legislature from 1974-1992. Long active in civic affairs, she was a charter member of the Hillsborough League of Women Voters and the first woman from Hillsborough County elected to the Florida Legislature."],"names_coll_ssim":["Florida. Legislature. House of Representatives","Gordon Davis, Helen (1926-2015)"],"names_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Florida. Legislature. House of Representatives","Gordon Davis, Helen (1926-2015)"],"corpname_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Florida. Legislature. House of Representatives"],"persname_ssim":["Gordon Davis, Helen (1926-2015)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":323,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870863273219325952,"_root_":"c286db32a0ce7536db367d69","timestamp":"2026-07-16T09:30:53.173Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/c286db32a0ce7536db367d69"}},{"id":"4e46868e4abfdc952d04e297","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Hemlock Society Papers, 1985 - 2012","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/4e46868e4abfdc952d04e297#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["The Hemlock Society of Florida, Inc. is an independent, non-profit 501(c)(4) right-to-die organization registered within the State of Florida.  This collection includes various publications from the Hemlock Society of Florida and U.S. Hemlock Society papers, also newsletters, newspaper clippings, correspondence, meeting notes, court cases and documents."],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/4e46868e4abfdc952d04e297#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"4e46868e4abfdc952d04e297","title_ssm":["Hemlock Society Papers"],"title_tesim":["Hemlock Society Papers"],"ead_ssi":"4e46868e4abfdc952d04e297","unitdate_ssm":["1985 - 2012"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1985 - 2012"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["04.14-001","/repositories/7/resources/1110"],"text":["04.14-001","/repositories/7/resources/1110","Hemlock Society Papers, 1985 - 2012","Right to die.","The Hemlock Society Collection may be consulted by adults engaged in serious research who present a valid ID. Materials may not be removed from the library. Please email  law-ref@lists.fsu.edu  to request an appointment for access.","Arranged by box","Hemlock Society of Florida, Inc. – A History","1980: Former British journalist Derek Humphry and his wife, Ann Wickett, founded the Hemlock Society in California.  1988: The Society relocated its office to Eugene, Oregon, where it remained until the early 1990s when it moved to Denver, Colorado.","In England, Humphry had helped his first wife, Jean, hasten her painful death from cancer. (This story is told in Mr. Humphry's book, Jean's Way.)  He hoped to promote dignity and autonomy in dying through his writing.  He chose to live in the United States because of its Constitution's freedom-of-speech clause.  Other countries lacked this protection.","The name 'Hemlock' was selected in the light of the suicide of the ancient Greek philosopher Socrates who had to choose between a sentence of death or exile; after debate with colleagues, and unable to bear the loneliness of exile, he chose suicide by a drink laced with the hemlock plant. It was Socrates' careful consideration of his choices that inspired the American organization.","Hemlock attracted widespread, growing interest and local groups nationwide began meeting to discuss end-of-life issues.","1987: The first Florida chapter, Suncoast Hemlock, was organized by Nan and Walt Billings, Sue Mueller and like-minded Sarasota friends.  Nan liaisoned with the Hemlock Society in Denver (often referred to as \"National\") and helped organize chapters in Clearwater, Fort Myers, Naples, Sun City Center, Tampa-St. Petersburg, Orlando, Fort Lauderdale, Boca Raton and Melbourne.  Representatives from all these grass-roots groups gathered periodically to share information and coordinate activities. In April 1994, these groups unified and incorporated as the Hemlock Society of Florida, Inc.","Nan Billings served as its first president, until January 1996.  Mary Bennett Hudson (Fort Lauderdale) succeeded her and served until January 2002 when the Board elected Donna Klamm, of West Melbourne. Donna continues as president today.","1997: In order to fund legislative efforts to defeat old laws against choice in dying, National Hemlock formed a separate 501(c)(4) membership corporation to which members paid their non-tax-deductible dues.  The Hemlock / Florida Board followed suit by establishing the Patients' Rights Organization of Florida, Inc. (PRO-FL) with the same tax designation and membership dues responsibility.","Presidents of PRO-FL were attorney John Lees (Melbourne) followed in April 1998 by Dr. Cecil McIver, succeeded by Mary Bennett Hudson.","1998:  Hemlock USA started the Caring Friends Program.  All over the United States trained volunteers counseled terminally ill people on how to hasten death, if that was their wish.","2000: PRO-FL officially changed its name to the Hemlock Society of Florida, Inc. Everything else about it (tax designation, membership dues) remained the same.  Simultaneously, the Hemlock Foundation of Florida, Inc. was formed as a 501(c)(3) corporation dedicated to charitable and educational purposes and funded by tax-deductible donations. Both these corporations have since comprised the Florida organizations and remain so for our independent organization today.","2004: New leadership at the national level disliked the name \"Hemlock\" so they began a search for a new name. After extensive deliberation and research, the national office became End-of-Life Choices. State chapters were urged to do likewise. We became End-of-Life Choices Florida.","2005: In January, End-of-Life Choices (\"National\") merged with the Oregon-based organization, Compassion in Dying.  This merger eventually culminated as Compassion \u0026 Choices (C\u0026C), which now occupies the former Denver office of Hemlock USA.","Some state chapters changed their names again to Compassion and Choices New York etc. Other chapters closed, became dormant, remained End-of-Life Choices, or in several cases, retained the original Hemlock name. The Florida organization decided not to sign on as an affiliate of Compassion \u0026 Choices and changed its name back to the Hemlock Society of Florida. The Hemlock Society of Florida set out to remain an independent right-to-die organization.","Several former Hemlock national board members formed a new national group named Final Exit Network. The main thrust of this organization is to counsel mentally competent, terminally ill individuals who wish to self-deliver.","2006: January:  The Hemlock Society of Florida Inc. continues as an independent advocate for dignity and freedom of choice at the end of life. The Hemlock Society of San Diego and Hemlock of Illinois also continue as local chapters and retain the Hemlock name.","2010: The Hemlock Society of Florida hired an executive director, the first paid staff for the organization. The executive director worked with the Hemlock Society of Florida state board to redesign Hemlock's website, increase its membership and fundraising and raise its visibility as a longtime principled and respected advocate for the right-to-die with dignity. The executive director resigned and was not replaced.","2013: There are no longer any active chapters within Florida. The board of directors decided to discontinue individual memberships and rely on the generous donations of friends and supporters.","Note written by Patricia Bingham-Harper","These various publications from the Hemlock Society, cover a time period from about 1985 until 2012. It includes an extensive collection of newsletters, brochures, correspondence and meeting notes.","The Hemlock Society of Florida, Inc. is an independent, non-profit 501(c)(4) right-to-die organization registered within the State of Florida.  This collection includes various publications from the Hemlock Society of Florida and U.S. Hemlock Society papers, also newsletters, newspaper clippings, correspondence, meeting notes, court cases and documents.","FSU College of Law Research Center","Hemlock Society of Florida","English"],"unitid_tesim":["04.14-001","/repositories/7/resources/1110"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1985 - 2012"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Hemlock Society Papers, 1985 - 2012"],"collection_title_tesim":["Hemlock Society Papers, 1985 - 2012"],"collection_ssim":["Hemlock Society Papers, 1985 - 2012"],"repository_ssm":["FSU College of Law Research Center"],"repository_ssim":["FSU College of Law Research Center"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Right to die."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Right to die."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["10.00 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["10.00 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Hemlock Society Collection may be consulted by adults engaged in serious research who present a valid ID. Materials may not be removed from the library. Please email \u003ca href=\"mailto:mailto:law-earchives@lists.fsu.edu\"\u003elaw-ref@lists.fsu.edu\u003c/a\u003e to request an appointment for access.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The Hemlock Society Collection may be consulted by adults engaged in serious research who present a valid ID. Materials may not be removed from the library. Please email  law-ref@lists.fsu.edu  to request an appointment for access."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged by box\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged by box"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHemlock Society of Florida, Inc. \u0026#x2013; A History\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1980: Former British journalist Derek Humphry and his wife, Ann Wickett, founded the Hemlock Society in California.  1988: The Society relocated its office to Eugene, Oregon, where it remained until the early 1990s when it moved to Denver, Colorado.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn England, Humphry had helped his first wife, Jean, hasten her painful death from cancer. (This story is told in Mr. Humphry's book, Jean's Way.)  He hoped to promote dignity and autonomy in dying through his writing.  He chose to live in the United States because of its Constitution's freedom-of-speech clause.  Other countries lacked this protection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe name 'Hemlock' was selected in the light of the suicide of the ancient Greek philosopher Socrates who had to choose between a sentence of death or exile; after debate with colleagues, and unable to bear the loneliness of exile, he chose suicide by a drink laced with the hemlock plant. It was Socrates' careful consideration of his choices that inspired the American organization.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHemlock attracted widespread, growing interest and local groups nationwide began meeting to discuss end-of-life issues.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1987: The first Florida chapter, Suncoast Hemlock, was organized by Nan and Walt Billings, Sue Mueller and like-minded Sarasota friends.  Nan liaisoned with the Hemlock Society in Denver (often referred to as \"National\") and helped organize chapters in Clearwater, Fort Myers, Naples, Sun City Center, Tampa-St. Petersburg, Orlando, Fort Lauderdale, Boca Raton and Melbourne.  Representatives from all these grass-roots groups gathered periodically to share information and coordinate activities. In April 1994, these groups unified and incorporated as the Hemlock Society of Florida, Inc.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNan Billings served as its first president, until January 1996.  Mary Bennett Hudson (Fort Lauderdale) succeeded her and served until January 2002 when the Board elected Donna Klamm, of West Melbourne. Donna continues as president today.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1997: In order to fund legislative efforts to defeat old laws against choice in dying, National Hemlock formed a separate 501(c)(4) membership corporation to which members paid their non-tax-deductible dues.  The Hemlock / Florida Board followed suit by establishing the Patients' Rights Organization of Florida, Inc. (PRO-FL) with the same tax designation and membership dues responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePresidents of PRO-FL were attorney John Lees (Melbourne) followed in April 1998 by Dr. Cecil McIver, succeeded by Mary Bennett Hudson.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1998:  Hemlock USA started the Caring Friends Program.  All over the United States trained volunteers counseled terminally ill people on how to hasten death, if that was their wish.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2000: PRO-FL officially changed its name to the Hemlock Society of Florida, Inc. Everything else about it (tax designation, membership dues) remained the same.  Simultaneously, the Hemlock Foundation of Florida, Inc. was formed as a 501(c)(3) corporation dedicated to charitable and educational purposes and funded by tax-deductible donations. Both these corporations have since comprised the Florida organizations and remain so for our independent organization today.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2004: New leadership at the national level disliked the name \"Hemlock\" so they began a search for a new name. After extensive deliberation and research, the national office became End-of-Life Choices. State chapters were urged to do likewise. We became End-of-Life Choices Florida.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2005: In January, End-of-Life Choices (\"National\") merged with the Oregon-based organization, Compassion in Dying.  This merger eventually culminated as Compassion \u0026amp; Choices (C\u0026amp;C), which now occupies the former Denver office of Hemlock USA.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSome state chapters changed their names again to Compassion and Choices New York etc. Other chapters closed, became dormant, remained End-of-Life Choices, or in several cases, retained the original Hemlock name. The Florida organization decided not to sign on as an affiliate of Compassion \u0026amp; Choices and changed its name back to the Hemlock Society of Florida. The Hemlock Society of Florida set out to remain an independent right-to-die organization.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeveral former Hemlock national board members formed a new national group named Final Exit Network. The main thrust of this organization is to counsel mentally competent, terminally ill individuals who wish to self-deliver.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2006: January:  The Hemlock Society of Florida Inc. continues as an independent advocate for dignity and freedom of choice at the end of life. The Hemlock Society of San Diego and Hemlock of Illinois also continue as local chapters and retain the Hemlock name.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2010: The Hemlock Society of Florida hired an executive director, the first paid staff for the organization. The executive director worked with the Hemlock Society of Florida state board to redesign Hemlock's website, increase its membership and fundraising and raise its visibility as a longtime principled and respected advocate for the right-to-die with dignity. The executive director resigned and was not replaced.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2013: There are no longer any active chapters within Florida. The board of directors decided to discontinue individual memberships and rely on the generous donations of friends and supporters.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Patricia Bingham-Harper\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Hemlock Society of Florida, Inc. – A History","1980: Former British journalist Derek Humphry and his wife, Ann Wickett, founded the Hemlock Society in California.  1988: The Society relocated its office to Eugene, Oregon, where it remained until the early 1990s when it moved to Denver, Colorado.","In England, Humphry had helped his first wife, Jean, hasten her painful death from cancer. (This story is told in Mr. Humphry's book, Jean's Way.)  He hoped to promote dignity and autonomy in dying through his writing.  He chose to live in the United States because of its Constitution's freedom-of-speech clause.  Other countries lacked this protection.","The name 'Hemlock' was selected in the light of the suicide of the ancient Greek philosopher Socrates who had to choose between a sentence of death or exile; after debate with colleagues, and unable to bear the loneliness of exile, he chose suicide by a drink laced with the hemlock plant. It was Socrates' careful consideration of his choices that inspired the American organization.","Hemlock attracted widespread, growing interest and local groups nationwide began meeting to discuss end-of-life issues.","1987: The first Florida chapter, Suncoast Hemlock, was organized by Nan and Walt Billings, Sue Mueller and like-minded Sarasota friends.  Nan liaisoned with the Hemlock Society in Denver (often referred to as \"National\") and helped organize chapters in Clearwater, Fort Myers, Naples, Sun City Center, Tampa-St. Petersburg, Orlando, Fort Lauderdale, Boca Raton and Melbourne.  Representatives from all these grass-roots groups gathered periodically to share information and coordinate activities. In April 1994, these groups unified and incorporated as the Hemlock Society of Florida, Inc.","Nan Billings served as its first president, until January 1996.  Mary Bennett Hudson (Fort Lauderdale) succeeded her and served until January 2002 when the Board elected Donna Klamm, of West Melbourne. Donna continues as president today.","1997: In order to fund legislative efforts to defeat old laws against choice in dying, National Hemlock formed a separate 501(c)(4) membership corporation to which members paid their non-tax-deductible dues.  The Hemlock / Florida Board followed suit by establishing the Patients' Rights Organization of Florida, Inc. (PRO-FL) with the same tax designation and membership dues responsibility.","Presidents of PRO-FL were attorney John Lees (Melbourne) followed in April 1998 by Dr. Cecil McIver, succeeded by Mary Bennett Hudson.","1998:  Hemlock USA started the Caring Friends Program.  All over the United States trained volunteers counseled terminally ill people on how to hasten death, if that was their wish.","2000: PRO-FL officially changed its name to the Hemlock Society of Florida, Inc. Everything else about it (tax designation, membership dues) remained the same.  Simultaneously, the Hemlock Foundation of Florida, Inc. was formed as a 501(c)(3) corporation dedicated to charitable and educational purposes and funded by tax-deductible donations. Both these corporations have since comprised the Florida organizations and remain so for our independent organization today.","2004: New leadership at the national level disliked the name \"Hemlock\" so they began a search for a new name. After extensive deliberation and research, the national office became End-of-Life Choices. State chapters were urged to do likewise. We became End-of-Life Choices Florida.","2005: In January, End-of-Life Choices (\"National\") merged with the Oregon-based organization, Compassion in Dying.  This merger eventually culminated as Compassion \u0026 Choices (C\u0026C), which now occupies the former Denver office of Hemlock USA.","Some state chapters changed their names again to Compassion and Choices New York etc. Other chapters closed, became dormant, remained End-of-Life Choices, or in several cases, retained the original Hemlock name. The Florida organization decided not to sign on as an affiliate of Compassion \u0026 Choices and changed its name back to the Hemlock Society of Florida. The Hemlock Society of Florida set out to remain an independent right-to-die organization.","Several former Hemlock national board members formed a new national group named Final Exit Network. The main thrust of this organization is to counsel mentally competent, terminally ill individuals who wish to self-deliver.","2006: January:  The Hemlock Society of Florida Inc. continues as an independent advocate for dignity and freedom of choice at the end of life. The Hemlock Society of San Diego and Hemlock of Illinois also continue as local chapters and retain the Hemlock name.","2010: The Hemlock Society of Florida hired an executive director, the first paid staff for the organization. The executive director worked with the Hemlock Society of Florida state board to redesign Hemlock's website, increase its membership and fundraising and raise its visibility as a longtime principled and respected advocate for the right-to-die with dignity. The executive director resigned and was not replaced.","2013: There are no longer any active chapters within Florida. The board of directors decided to discontinue individual memberships and rely on the generous donations of friends and supporters.","Note written by Patricia Bingham-Harper"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThese various publications from the Hemlock Society, cover a time period from about 1985 until 2012. It includes an extensive collection of newsletters, brochures, correspondence and meeting notes.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["These various publications from the Hemlock Society, cover a time period from about 1985 until 2012. It includes an extensive collection of newsletters, brochures, correspondence and meeting notes."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_1c86d04e6f8eaf3eea485a1d5ab1c872\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Hemlock Society of Florida, Inc. is an independent, non-profit 501(c)(4) right-to-die organization registered within the State of Florida.\u0026#xA0; This collection includes various publications from the Hemlock Society of Florida and U.S. Hemlock Society papers, also newsletters, newspaper clippings, correspondence, meeting notes, court cases and documents.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Hemlock Society of Florida, Inc. is an independent, non-profit 501(c)(4) right-to-die organization registered within the State of Florida.  This collection includes various publications from the Hemlock Society of Florida and U.S. Hemlock Society papers, also newsletters, newspaper clippings, correspondence, meeting notes, court cases and documents."],"names_coll_ssim":["Hemlock Society of Florida"],"names_ssim":["FSU College of Law Research Center","Hemlock Society of Florida"],"corpname_ssim":["FSU College of Law Research Center","Hemlock Society of Florida"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":258,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"4e46868e4abfdc952d04e297","timestamp":"2026-04-21T02:31:14.648Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"4e46868e4abfdc952d04e297","title_ssm":["Hemlock Society Papers"],"title_tesim":["Hemlock Society Papers"],"ead_ssi":"4e46868e4abfdc952d04e297","unitdate_ssm":["1985 - 2012"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1985 - 2012"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["04.14-001","/repositories/7/resources/1110"],"text":["04.14-001","/repositories/7/resources/1110","Hemlock Society Papers, 1985 - 2012","Right to die.","The Hemlock Society Collection may be consulted by adults engaged in serious research who present a valid ID. Materials may not be removed from the library. Please email  law-ref@lists.fsu.edu  to request an appointment for access.","Arranged by box","Hemlock Society of Florida, Inc. – A History","1980: Former British journalist Derek Humphry and his wife, Ann Wickett, founded the Hemlock Society in California.  1988: The Society relocated its office to Eugene, Oregon, where it remained until the early 1990s when it moved to Denver, Colorado.","In England, Humphry had helped his first wife, Jean, hasten her painful death from cancer. (This story is told in Mr. Humphry's book, Jean's Way.)  He hoped to promote dignity and autonomy in dying through his writing.  He chose to live in the United States because of its Constitution's freedom-of-speech clause.  Other countries lacked this protection.","The name 'Hemlock' was selected in the light of the suicide of the ancient Greek philosopher Socrates who had to choose between a sentence of death or exile; after debate with colleagues, and unable to bear the loneliness of exile, he chose suicide by a drink laced with the hemlock plant. It was Socrates' careful consideration of his choices that inspired the American organization.","Hemlock attracted widespread, growing interest and local groups nationwide began meeting to discuss end-of-life issues.","1987: The first Florida chapter, Suncoast Hemlock, was organized by Nan and Walt Billings, Sue Mueller and like-minded Sarasota friends.  Nan liaisoned with the Hemlock Society in Denver (often referred to as \"National\") and helped organize chapters in Clearwater, Fort Myers, Naples, Sun City Center, Tampa-St. Petersburg, Orlando, Fort Lauderdale, Boca Raton and Melbourne.  Representatives from all these grass-roots groups gathered periodically to share information and coordinate activities. In April 1994, these groups unified and incorporated as the Hemlock Society of Florida, Inc.","Nan Billings served as its first president, until January 1996.  Mary Bennett Hudson (Fort Lauderdale) succeeded her and served until January 2002 when the Board elected Donna Klamm, of West Melbourne. Donna continues as president today.","1997: In order to fund legislative efforts to defeat old laws against choice in dying, National Hemlock formed a separate 501(c)(4) membership corporation to which members paid their non-tax-deductible dues.  The Hemlock / Florida Board followed suit by establishing the Patients' Rights Organization of Florida, Inc. (PRO-FL) with the same tax designation and membership dues responsibility.","Presidents of PRO-FL were attorney John Lees (Melbourne) followed in April 1998 by Dr. Cecil McIver, succeeded by Mary Bennett Hudson.","1998:  Hemlock USA started the Caring Friends Program.  All over the United States trained volunteers counseled terminally ill people on how to hasten death, if that was their wish.","2000: PRO-FL officially changed its name to the Hemlock Society of Florida, Inc. Everything else about it (tax designation, membership dues) remained the same.  Simultaneously, the Hemlock Foundation of Florida, Inc. was formed as a 501(c)(3) corporation dedicated to charitable and educational purposes and funded by tax-deductible donations. Both these corporations have since comprised the Florida organizations and remain so for our independent organization today.","2004: New leadership at the national level disliked the name \"Hemlock\" so they began a search for a new name. After extensive deliberation and research, the national office became End-of-Life Choices. State chapters were urged to do likewise. We became End-of-Life Choices Florida.","2005: In January, End-of-Life Choices (\"National\") merged with the Oregon-based organization, Compassion in Dying.  This merger eventually culminated as Compassion \u0026 Choices (C\u0026C), which now occupies the former Denver office of Hemlock USA.","Some state chapters changed their names again to Compassion and Choices New York etc. Other chapters closed, became dormant, remained End-of-Life Choices, or in several cases, retained the original Hemlock name. The Florida organization decided not to sign on as an affiliate of Compassion \u0026 Choices and changed its name back to the Hemlock Society of Florida. The Hemlock Society of Florida set out to remain an independent right-to-die organization.","Several former Hemlock national board members formed a new national group named Final Exit Network. The main thrust of this organization is to counsel mentally competent, terminally ill individuals who wish to self-deliver.","2006: January:  The Hemlock Society of Florida Inc. continues as an independent advocate for dignity and freedom of choice at the end of life. The Hemlock Society of San Diego and Hemlock of Illinois also continue as local chapters and retain the Hemlock name.","2010: The Hemlock Society of Florida hired an executive director, the first paid staff for the organization. The executive director worked with the Hemlock Society of Florida state board to redesign Hemlock's website, increase its membership and fundraising and raise its visibility as a longtime principled and respected advocate for the right-to-die with dignity. The executive director resigned and was not replaced.","2013: There are no longer any active chapters within Florida. The board of directors decided to discontinue individual memberships and rely on the generous donations of friends and supporters.","Note written by Patricia Bingham-Harper","These various publications from the Hemlock Society, cover a time period from about 1985 until 2012. It includes an extensive collection of newsletters, brochures, correspondence and meeting notes.","The Hemlock Society of Florida, Inc. is an independent, non-profit 501(c)(4) right-to-die organization registered within the State of Florida.  This collection includes various publications from the Hemlock Society of Florida and U.S. Hemlock Society papers, also newsletters, newspaper clippings, correspondence, meeting notes, court cases and documents.","FSU College of Law Research Center","Hemlock Society of Florida","English"],"unitid_tesim":["04.14-001","/repositories/7/resources/1110"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1985 - 2012"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Hemlock Society Papers, 1985 - 2012"],"collection_title_tesim":["Hemlock Society Papers, 1985 - 2012"],"collection_ssim":["Hemlock Society Papers, 1985 - 2012"],"repository_ssm":["FSU College of Law Research Center"],"repository_ssim":["FSU College of Law Research Center"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Right to die."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Right to die."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["10.00 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["10.00 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Hemlock Society Collection may be consulted by adults engaged in serious research who present a valid ID. Materials may not be removed from the library. Please email \u003ca href=\"mailto:mailto:law-earchives@lists.fsu.edu\"\u003elaw-ref@lists.fsu.edu\u003c/a\u003e to request an appointment for access.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The Hemlock Society Collection may be consulted by adults engaged in serious research who present a valid ID. Materials may not be removed from the library. Please email  law-ref@lists.fsu.edu  to request an appointment for access."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged by box\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged by box"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHemlock Society of Florida, Inc. \u0026#x2013; A History\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1980: Former British journalist Derek Humphry and his wife, Ann Wickett, founded the Hemlock Society in California.  1988: The Society relocated its office to Eugene, Oregon, where it remained until the early 1990s when it moved to Denver, Colorado.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn England, Humphry had helped his first wife, Jean, hasten her painful death from cancer. (This story is told in Mr. Humphry's book, Jean's Way.)  He hoped to promote dignity and autonomy in dying through his writing.  He chose to live in the United States because of its Constitution's freedom-of-speech clause.  Other countries lacked this protection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe name 'Hemlock' was selected in the light of the suicide of the ancient Greek philosopher Socrates who had to choose between a sentence of death or exile; after debate with colleagues, and unable to bear the loneliness of exile, he chose suicide by a drink laced with the hemlock plant. It was Socrates' careful consideration of his choices that inspired the American organization.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHemlock attracted widespread, growing interest and local groups nationwide began meeting to discuss end-of-life issues.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1987: The first Florida chapter, Suncoast Hemlock, was organized by Nan and Walt Billings, Sue Mueller and like-minded Sarasota friends.  Nan liaisoned with the Hemlock Society in Denver (often referred to as \"National\") and helped organize chapters in Clearwater, Fort Myers, Naples, Sun City Center, Tampa-St. Petersburg, Orlando, Fort Lauderdale, Boca Raton and Melbourne.  Representatives from all these grass-roots groups gathered periodically to share information and coordinate activities. In April 1994, these groups unified and incorporated as the Hemlock Society of Florida, Inc.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNan Billings served as its first president, until January 1996.  Mary Bennett Hudson (Fort Lauderdale) succeeded her and served until January 2002 when the Board elected Donna Klamm, of West Melbourne. Donna continues as president today.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1997: In order to fund legislative efforts to defeat old laws against choice in dying, National Hemlock formed a separate 501(c)(4) membership corporation to which members paid their non-tax-deductible dues.  The Hemlock / Florida Board followed suit by establishing the Patients' Rights Organization of Florida, Inc. (PRO-FL) with the same tax designation and membership dues responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePresidents of PRO-FL were attorney John Lees (Melbourne) followed in April 1998 by Dr. Cecil McIver, succeeded by Mary Bennett Hudson.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1998:  Hemlock USA started the Caring Friends Program.  All over the United States trained volunteers counseled terminally ill people on how to hasten death, if that was their wish.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2000: PRO-FL officially changed its name to the Hemlock Society of Florida, Inc. Everything else about it (tax designation, membership dues) remained the same.  Simultaneously, the Hemlock Foundation of Florida, Inc. was formed as a 501(c)(3) corporation dedicated to charitable and educational purposes and funded by tax-deductible donations. Both these corporations have since comprised the Florida organizations and remain so for our independent organization today.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2004: New leadership at the national level disliked the name \"Hemlock\" so they began a search for a new name. After extensive deliberation and research, the national office became End-of-Life Choices. State chapters were urged to do likewise. We became End-of-Life Choices Florida.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2005: In January, End-of-Life Choices (\"National\") merged with the Oregon-based organization, Compassion in Dying.  This merger eventually culminated as Compassion \u0026amp; Choices (C\u0026amp;C), which now occupies the former Denver office of Hemlock USA.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSome state chapters changed their names again to Compassion and Choices New York etc. Other chapters closed, became dormant, remained End-of-Life Choices, or in several cases, retained the original Hemlock name. The Florida organization decided not to sign on as an affiliate of Compassion \u0026amp; Choices and changed its name back to the Hemlock Society of Florida. The Hemlock Society of Florida set out to remain an independent right-to-die organization.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeveral former Hemlock national board members formed a new national group named Final Exit Network. The main thrust of this organization is to counsel mentally competent, terminally ill individuals who wish to self-deliver.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2006: January:  The Hemlock Society of Florida Inc. continues as an independent advocate for dignity and freedom of choice at the end of life. The Hemlock Society of San Diego and Hemlock of Illinois also continue as local chapters and retain the Hemlock name.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2010: The Hemlock Society of Florida hired an executive director, the first paid staff for the organization. The executive director worked with the Hemlock Society of Florida state board to redesign Hemlock's website, increase its membership and fundraising and raise its visibility as a longtime principled and respected advocate for the right-to-die with dignity. The executive director resigned and was not replaced.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2013: There are no longer any active chapters within Florida. The board of directors decided to discontinue individual memberships and rely on the generous donations of friends and supporters.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Patricia Bingham-Harper\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Hemlock Society of Florida, Inc. – A History","1980: Former British journalist Derek Humphry and his wife, Ann Wickett, founded the Hemlock Society in California.  1988: The Society relocated its office to Eugene, Oregon, where it remained until the early 1990s when it moved to Denver, Colorado.","In England, Humphry had helped his first wife, Jean, hasten her painful death from cancer. (This story is told in Mr. Humphry's book, Jean's Way.)  He hoped to promote dignity and autonomy in dying through his writing.  He chose to live in the United States because of its Constitution's freedom-of-speech clause.  Other countries lacked this protection.","The name 'Hemlock' was selected in the light of the suicide of the ancient Greek philosopher Socrates who had to choose between a sentence of death or exile; after debate with colleagues, and unable to bear the loneliness of exile, he chose suicide by a drink laced with the hemlock plant. It was Socrates' careful consideration of his choices that inspired the American organization.","Hemlock attracted widespread, growing interest and local groups nationwide began meeting to discuss end-of-life issues.","1987: The first Florida chapter, Suncoast Hemlock, was organized by Nan and Walt Billings, Sue Mueller and like-minded Sarasota friends.  Nan liaisoned with the Hemlock Society in Denver (often referred to as \"National\") and helped organize chapters in Clearwater, Fort Myers, Naples, Sun City Center, Tampa-St. Petersburg, Orlando, Fort Lauderdale, Boca Raton and Melbourne.  Representatives from all these grass-roots groups gathered periodically to share information and coordinate activities. In April 1994, these groups unified and incorporated as the Hemlock Society of Florida, Inc.","Nan Billings served as its first president, until January 1996.  Mary Bennett Hudson (Fort Lauderdale) succeeded her and served until January 2002 when the Board elected Donna Klamm, of West Melbourne. Donna continues as president today.","1997: In order to fund legislative efforts to defeat old laws against choice in dying, National Hemlock formed a separate 501(c)(4) membership corporation to which members paid their non-tax-deductible dues.  The Hemlock / Florida Board followed suit by establishing the Patients' Rights Organization of Florida, Inc. (PRO-FL) with the same tax designation and membership dues responsibility.","Presidents of PRO-FL were attorney John Lees (Melbourne) followed in April 1998 by Dr. Cecil McIver, succeeded by Mary Bennett Hudson.","1998:  Hemlock USA started the Caring Friends Program.  All over the United States trained volunteers counseled terminally ill people on how to hasten death, if that was their wish.","2000: PRO-FL officially changed its name to the Hemlock Society of Florida, Inc. Everything else about it (tax designation, membership dues) remained the same.  Simultaneously, the Hemlock Foundation of Florida, Inc. was formed as a 501(c)(3) corporation dedicated to charitable and educational purposes and funded by tax-deductible donations. Both these corporations have since comprised the Florida organizations and remain so for our independent organization today.","2004: New leadership at the national level disliked the name \"Hemlock\" so they began a search for a new name. After extensive deliberation and research, the national office became End-of-Life Choices. State chapters were urged to do likewise. We became End-of-Life Choices Florida.","2005: In January, End-of-Life Choices (\"National\") merged with the Oregon-based organization, Compassion in Dying.  This merger eventually culminated as Compassion \u0026 Choices (C\u0026C), which now occupies the former Denver office of Hemlock USA.","Some state chapters changed their names again to Compassion and Choices New York etc. Other chapters closed, became dormant, remained End-of-Life Choices, or in several cases, retained the original Hemlock name. The Florida organization decided not to sign on as an affiliate of Compassion \u0026 Choices and changed its name back to the Hemlock Society of Florida. The Hemlock Society of Florida set out to remain an independent right-to-die organization.","Several former Hemlock national board members formed a new national group named Final Exit Network. The main thrust of this organization is to counsel mentally competent, terminally ill individuals who wish to self-deliver.","2006: January:  The Hemlock Society of Florida Inc. continues as an independent advocate for dignity and freedom of choice at the end of life. The Hemlock Society of San Diego and Hemlock of Illinois also continue as local chapters and retain the Hemlock name.","2010: The Hemlock Society of Florida hired an executive director, the first paid staff for the organization. The executive director worked with the Hemlock Society of Florida state board to redesign Hemlock's website, increase its membership and fundraising and raise its visibility as a longtime principled and respected advocate for the right-to-die with dignity. The executive director resigned and was not replaced.","2013: There are no longer any active chapters within Florida. The board of directors decided to discontinue individual memberships and rely on the generous donations of friends and supporters.","Note written by Patricia Bingham-Harper"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThese various publications from the Hemlock Society, cover a time period from about 1985 until 2012. It includes an extensive collection of newsletters, brochures, correspondence and meeting notes.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["These various publications from the Hemlock Society, cover a time period from about 1985 until 2012. It includes an extensive collection of newsletters, brochures, correspondence and meeting notes."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_1c86d04e6f8eaf3eea485a1d5ab1c872\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Hemlock Society of Florida, Inc. is an independent, non-profit 501(c)(4) right-to-die organization registered within the State of Florida.\u0026#xA0; This collection includes various publications from the Hemlock Society of Florida and U.S. Hemlock Society papers, also newsletters, newspaper clippings, correspondence, meeting notes, court cases and documents.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Hemlock Society of Florida, Inc. is an independent, non-profit 501(c)(4) right-to-die organization registered within the State of Florida.  This collection includes various publications from the Hemlock Society of Florida and U.S. Hemlock Society papers, also newsletters, newspaper clippings, correspondence, meeting notes, court cases and documents."],"names_coll_ssim":["Hemlock Society of Florida"],"names_ssim":["FSU College of Law Research Center","Hemlock Society of Florida"],"corpname_ssim":["FSU College of Law Research Center","Hemlock Society of Florida"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":258,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"4e46868e4abfdc952d04e297","timestamp":"2026-04-21T02:31:14.648Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/4e46868e4abfdc952d04e297"}},{"id":"45807c67f367973431520ee3_aspace_191f21b0be33c4de0b50d219c2447852","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Hemming Park; Jacksonville, Florida, 1900-2019, Undated","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/45807c67f367973431520ee3_aspace_191f21b0be33c4de0b50d219c2447852#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_191f21b0be33c4de0b50d219c2447852","ref_ssm":["aspace_191f21b0be33c4de0b50d219c2447852","aspace_191f21b0be33c4de0b50d219c2447852"],"id":"45807c67f367973431520ee3_aspace_191f21b0be33c4de0b50d219c2447852","title_filing_ssi":"Hemming Park; Jacksonville, Florida","title_ssm":["Hemming Park; Jacksonville, Florida"],"title_tesim":["Hemming Park; Jacksonville, Florida"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1900-2019"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Undated"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1900-2019, Undated"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Hemming Park; Jacksonville, Florida, 1900-2019, Undated"],"text":["Hemming Park; Jacksonville, Florida, 1900-2019, Undated","Northeast Florida Regional Postcard Collection, 1858-2019","/repositories/3/archival_objects/9651","box 1","folder 25"],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ids_ssim":["45807c67f367973431520ee3"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Northeast Florida Regional Postcard Collection, 1858-2019"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Northeast Florida Regional Postcard Collection, 1858-2019"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/3/archival_objects/9651"],"repository_ssim":["UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Northeast Florida Regional Postcard Collection, 1858-2019"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"sort_isi":25,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research by appointment only. Please contact lib-special@unf.edu to schedule an appointment."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Materials in the collection may be subject to copyright and are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accordance with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). Use of reproductions of copyrighted works in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement and be subject to the civil and criminal penalties of federal law. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for further information"],"date_range_isim":[1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019],"containers_ssim":["box 1","folder 25"],"_nest_path_":"/components#24","_nest_parent_":"45807c67f367973431520ee3","_root_":"45807c67f367973431520ee3","_version_":1872853597225484288,"timestamp":"2026-08-07T08:46:14.061Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"45807c67f367973431520ee3","title_ssm":["Northeast Florida Regional Postcard Collection"],"title_tesim":["Northeast Florida Regional Postcard Collection"],"ead_ssi":"45807c67f367973431520ee3","unitdate_ssm":["1858-2019"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1858-2019"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["2024.001","/repositories/3/resources/82"],"text":["2024.001","/repositories/3/resources/82","Northeast Florida Regional Postcard Collection, 1858-2019","The collection is open for research by appointment only. Please contact lib-special@unf.edu to schedule an appointment.","\tIn the United States, the traditional picture postcard rose to popularity in the early 20th century. Postcard history is often divided into eight distinct \"eras\" beginning in the 1850s and continuing through the \"Golden Age of Postcards\" beginning around 1905 and lasting through 1915. In this golden age, millions of cards were printed and sold throughout the entire U.S. and collecting cards became a popular hobby. The Northeast Florida Regional Postcard Collection contains examples from many of the documented eras, including photographic cards popularized in the nineteen teens and twenties. ","\nAdvances in printing and photographic techniques along with faster shipping methods between the U.S. and Europe allowed for the mass production of brightly colored pictorial cards to be quickly manufactured and distributed to sellers. In addition to the printers in major U.S. cities, a network of publishers and photographers allowed many local businesses in small towns across the U.S. to commission postcards of local \"views\" that were cheaply printed in Germany. Many images of small-town life, including municipal architecture, private residences, and street scenes were preserved and are a useful tool for local historians and researchers. These views act as a \"visual record of a town\" and help develop a fuller understanding of the locations represented in the postcards. Additionally, postcards depicted natural disasters, fires, local amusements, and tourist attractions and were important to the souvenir trade of the time.  ","\nAt the height of the industry's popularity, publishers would often share or even steal negatives to create their own postcards and often would change or distort the negative to make them appear different from other printers. Misspellings were common and incorrectly captioned cards were also prevalent. The Northeast Florida Regional Postcard collection has several examples of this business tactic and many examples of misspellings in the captions or titles on the cards. ","\nEnthusiasm for postcard collecting began to wane around 1912 and ended with the start of World War I. Even though the initial craze for postcards diminished, they are still produced and continue to be a useful visual record for researchers and historians of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The Northeast Florida Regional Postcard Collection supports many of our Florida ephemera or Floridiana collections and is a great resource for the visual history of Jacksonville, St. Augustine, and the other towns of Northeast Florida. ","Sources:\n New York State Library Postcard Collection-Appendix C","Greetings from the Smithsonian: A Postcard History","This collection contains postcards related to Northeast Florida's agricultural, shipping, manufacturing, and tourism industries and is part of a larger ephemera collection related to region. The collection was donated over several years by UNF library staff. Postcards range in date from the late 19th century through the late 20th century, with the bulk dates falling between 1900 and 1950. The collection is arranged alphabetically by series and chronologically within each series. \nSeries in this collection include the following:","Series 1- Advertising Cards (arranged chronologically) contains business advertisement cards from Northeast Florida business and organizations.","Series 2- Agriculture (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting the agricultural industry in Northeast Florida","Series 3- Airports (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting Jacksonville International Airport and local municipal airports in Northeast Florida.","Series 4- Alligator Farm; Jacksonville, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting scenes from the Alligator farm, an early 20th century tourist attraction in Jacksonville, Florida.","Series 5- Atlantic Beach, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting panoramic views of Atlantic Beach, local hotels, and other tourist attractions.","Series 6- Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting steamer ships owned by the Clyde Line, commercial shipping docks, and views of the intracoastal waterway.","Series 7- Bank Buildings (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting the Florida National Bank, Atlantic National Bank, Barnett First National Bank, and other local Northeast Florida Bank buildings.","Series 8- Bridges (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting local Jacksonville, Florida bridges, including the Fuller Warren Bridge, Main Street Bridge, Matthews Bridge, Napolean Bonaparte Broward Bridge, and Hart Bridge.","Series 9- Buildings (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting buildings in downtown Jacksonville, including structures of architectural significance like the St. James Building and the Shriners Temple.","Series 10- Church Buildings (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting churches of different denominations, including Catholic, Baptist, Methodist, and Episcopal, in the Northeast Florida area.","Series 11- Clubs (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting Jacksonville area athletic and social clubs. Examples include the Seminole Club, Fort George Club, Masonic Temple, and San Jose Golf Club.","Series 12- Cumberland Island, Georgia (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting Thomas M. Carnegie's home, Dungeness. ","Series 13- Dixieland Park; Jacksonville, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting early 20th century tourist attraction on the Southbank of Jacksonville. ","Series 14- Docks and Shipping (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting scenes of commercial shipping docks and steamer ships on the St Johns River in downtown Jacksonville. ","Series 15- Dwellings (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting private residences in the Riverside, Springfield, Mandarin, and Ortega neighborhoods of Jacksonville. ","Series 16- Epping Forest; Jacksonville, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting the mansion of Alfred I. du Pont, now the Epping Forest Yacht Club.","Series 17- Eustis, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting photographic postcard taken in Eustis, Florida.","Series 18- Fernandina Beach, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting businesses, municipal buildings, hotels, private residences, and beach scenes.","Series 19- Florida Ostrich Farm; Jacksonville, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting tourist attraction popular in the early 20th century, with scenes of the farm with birds and ostriches racing. ","Series 20- Fort Clinch State Park, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting structures and ruins of the Civil War fort near Amelia Island and Fernandina Beach.","Series 21- Friendship Park; Jacksonville, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting Friendship fountain and the downtown Jacksonville skyline across from the park located on the Southbank. ","Series 22- Gardens (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting scenes of plants native to Northeast Florida and Cummer Museum and Gardens. ","Series 23- General (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting a variety of scenes of locations in Jacksonville, cards printed by local printer H\u0026WB Drew Company, and cards addressed to Jacksonville addresses.","Series 24- Green Cove Springs, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting Springs, the bathing pavilion, and the Qui-Si-Sana Hotel and Health Spa. ","Series 25- Hemming Park; Jacksonville, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting the grounds and businesses surrounding the park, known today as James Weldon Johnson Park. ","Series 26- Highways (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting several multi-lane highways and expressways in Jacksonville. ","Series 27- Hilliard, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting a hotel located in Hilliard, Florida near the Florida/Georgia Border. ","Series 28- Hospitals (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting Jacksonville area hospitals, including St. Vincent's Hospital, De Soto Sanatorium, St. Luke's Hospital, and Brewster Hospital. ","Series 29- Hotels (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting Jacksonville area hotels, including Hotel Burbridge, Hotel Roosevelt, Aragon Hotel, and Windsor Hotel. ","Series 30- Jacksonville Beach, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting scenes of local businesses, hotels, restaurants, and beaches.","Series 31- Keystone Heights, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting a hotel in Keystone Heights, Florida. ","Series 32- Kingsley Plantation; Fort George Island, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting National Park Kingsley Plantation on Fort George Island. ","Series 33- Library Buildings (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting the exteriors of Jacksonville area public library buildings.","Series 34- Marineland, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting aerial views of Marineland Studios, dolphins, and businesses at the historic tourist attraction. ","Series 35- Military Bases (arranged chronologically) contains photographic postcards depicting Camp Foster, founded as a work camp during the Great Depression, Camp Blanding Army Camp, and Camp Joseph E. Johnston.","Series 36- Mining (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting phosphate mining in Florida. ","Series 37- Monuments (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting monuments in the Jacksonville area.","Series 38- Motels (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting mid-20th century tourist motels in the Jacksonville area along U.S. Highway 1.","Series 39- Museums (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting artwork from the collections of the Cummer Museum in the Riverside neighborhood of Jacksonville, Florida. ","Series 40- Naval Air Station; Jacksonville, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting structures at Mayport, Cecil Field, and Jacksonville Naval Air stations. ","Series 41- Neptune Beach, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting scenes of beach front at Neptune Beach.","Series 42- Orange Park, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting structures at Moosehaven Retirement Community located in Orange Park, Florida on the St. Johns River. ","Series 43- Oriental Gardens; Jacksonville, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting scenes from the former tourist attraction located on San Jose Boulevard.","Series 44- Parks (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting historic images of parks in various Jacksonville neighborhoods, including Riverside and Springfield parks. ","Series 45- Persons (arranged chronologically) contains photographic postcards depicting portraits of visitors to Jacksonville. ","Series 46- Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting views of structures on the Ponte Vedra Inn and Club.","Series 47- Post Office Building (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting early 20th century Federal Post Office in downtown Jacksonville. ","Series 48- Public Buildings (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting various municipal buildings including the original Duval County Courthouse, The Armory, and the Civic Auditorium of Jacksonville. ","Series 49- Restaurants (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting Jacksonville area restaurants.","Series 50- St. Augustine, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting businesses, tourist attractions, and historic sites in St. Augustine, Florida","Series 51- St. Johns River, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting scenes from the St. Johns River, ","Series 52- Sanford, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting a steamer ship in Sanford, Florida.","Series 53- Schools (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting school buildings in the Jacksonville area including Central Grammar School, Duval High School, Edward Waters College.","Series 54- Silver Springs, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting a scene of glass-bottom boats at the springs. ","Series 55- Souvenir Postcard Booklets (arranged chronologically) contains multi-postcard booklets depicting scenes from Northeast Florida.","Series 56- Streets (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting street views in downtown Jacksonville, and the Riverside and Springfield neighborhoods. ","Series 57- Theaters (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting the Palace and New Palace theaters.","Series 58- Trailer Camps (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting scenes of tourist trailer campgrounds near Jacksonville. ","Series 59- Trees (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting various species of trees native to Northeast Florida and the famous Treaty Oak live oak tree located in Jesse Ball duPont Park. ","Series 60- Turpentine Industry (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting scenes of turpentine camps in Northeast Florida.","Series 61- Union Station (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting various scenes of the historic Union Station in Downtown Jacksonville, now the Prime F. Osborn III Convention Center.","Series 62- Universities and Colleges (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting Jacksonville University, University of North Florida, and Edward Waters College campuses. ","Series 63- Viaducts/Trains (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting railroad viaducts and close-up depictions of train engines. ","Series 64- Waterfronts (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting various views of the Jacksonville skyline as seen from the St. Johns River. ","Series 65- Waterworks; Jacksonville, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting the historic waterworks located in the Springfield neighborhood of Jacksonville. ","Series 66- Zoos (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting views from the Jacksonville Zoo during the early and mid-20th century. ","Series 67- Sensitive Content (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting content that may be harmful or distressing to viewers. These items are available to review in person only.","Materials in the collection may be subject to copyright and are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accordance with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). Use of reproductions of copyrighted works in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement and be subject to the civil and criminal penalties of federal law. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for further information","UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives","English"],"unitid_tesim":["2024.001","/repositories/3/resources/82"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1858-2019"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Northeast Florida Regional Postcard Collection, 1858-2019"],"collection_title_tesim":["Northeast Florida Regional Postcard Collection, 1858-2019"],"collection_ssim":["Northeast Florida Regional Postcard Collection, 1858-2019"],"repository_ssm":["UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives"],"repository_ssim":["UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["Materials in the collection may be subject to copyright and are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accordance with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). Use of reproductions of copyrighted works in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement and be subject to the civil and criminal penalties of federal law. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for further information"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was acquired through donation."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.92 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["1.92 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research by appointment only. Please contact lib-special@unf.edu to schedule an appointment.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research by appointment only. Please contact lib-special@unf.edu to schedule an appointment."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\tIn the United States, the traditional picture postcard rose to popularity in the early 20th century. Postcard history is often divided into eight distinct \"eras\" beginning in the 1850s and continuing through the \"Golden Age of Postcards\" beginning around 1905 and lasting through 1915. In this golden age, millions of cards were printed and sold throughout the entire U.S. and collecting cards became a popular hobby. The Northeast Florida Regional Postcard Collection contains examples from many of the documented eras, including photographic cards popularized in the nineteen teens and twenties. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nAdvances in printing and photographic techniques along with faster shipping methods between the U.S. and Europe allowed for the mass production of brightly colored pictorial cards to be quickly manufactured and distributed to sellers. In addition to the printers in major U.S. cities, a network of publishers and photographers allowed many local businesses in small towns across the U.S. to commission postcards of local \"views\" that were cheaply printed in Germany. Many images of small-town life, including municipal architecture, private residences, and street scenes were preserved and are a useful tool for local historians and researchers. These views act as a \"visual record of a town\" and help develop a fuller understanding of the locations represented in the postcards. Additionally, postcards depicted natural disasters, fires, local amusements, and tourist attractions and were important to the souvenir trade of the time.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nAt the height of the industry's popularity, publishers would often share or even steal negatives to create their own postcards and often would change or distort the negative to make them appear different from other printers. Misspellings were common and incorrectly captioned cards were also prevalent. The Northeast Florida Regional Postcard collection has several examples of this business tactic and many examples of misspellings in the captions or titles on the cards. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nEnthusiasm for postcard collecting began to wane around 1912 and ended with the start of World War I. Even though the initial craze for postcards diminished, they are still produced and continue to be a useful visual record for researchers and historians of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The Northeast Florida Regional Postcard Collection supports many of our Florida ephemera or Floridiana collections and is a great resource for the visual history of Jacksonville, St. Augustine, and the other towns of Northeast Florida. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources:\n\u003cextref href=\"https://www.nysl.nysed.gov/msscfa/qc16510ess.htm\"\u003eNew York State Library Postcard Collection-Appendix C\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref href=\"https://siarchives.si.edu/history/featured-topics/postcard/postcard-history\"\u003eGreetings from the Smithsonian: A Postcard History\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["\tIn the United States, the traditional picture postcard rose to popularity in the early 20th century. Postcard history is often divided into eight distinct \"eras\" beginning in the 1850s and continuing through the \"Golden Age of Postcards\" beginning around 1905 and lasting through 1915. In this golden age, millions of cards were printed and sold throughout the entire U.S. and collecting cards became a popular hobby. The Northeast Florida Regional Postcard Collection contains examples from many of the documented eras, including photographic cards popularized in the nineteen teens and twenties. ","\nAdvances in printing and photographic techniques along with faster shipping methods between the U.S. and Europe allowed for the mass production of brightly colored pictorial cards to be quickly manufactured and distributed to sellers. In addition to the printers in major U.S. cities, a network of publishers and photographers allowed many local businesses in small towns across the U.S. to commission postcards of local \"views\" that were cheaply printed in Germany. Many images of small-town life, including municipal architecture, private residences, and street scenes were preserved and are a useful tool for local historians and researchers. These views act as a \"visual record of a town\" and help develop a fuller understanding of the locations represented in the postcards. Additionally, postcards depicted natural disasters, fires, local amusements, and tourist attractions and were important to the souvenir trade of the time.  ","\nAt the height of the industry's popularity, publishers would often share or even steal negatives to create their own postcards and often would change or distort the negative to make them appear different from other printers. Misspellings were common and incorrectly captioned cards were also prevalent. The Northeast Florida Regional Postcard collection has several examples of this business tactic and many examples of misspellings in the captions or titles on the cards. ","\nEnthusiasm for postcard collecting began to wane around 1912 and ended with the start of World War I. Even though the initial craze for postcards diminished, they are still produced and continue to be a useful visual record for researchers and historians of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The Northeast Florida Regional Postcard Collection supports many of our Florida ephemera or Floridiana collections and is a great resource for the visual history of Jacksonville, St. Augustine, and the other towns of Northeast Florida. ","Sources:\n New York State Library Postcard Collection-Appendix C","Greetings from the Smithsonian: A Postcard History"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNortheast Florida Regional Postcard Collection, Thomas G. Carpenter Library, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Northeast Florida Regional Postcard Collection, Thomas G. Carpenter Library, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains postcards related to Northeast Florida's agricultural, shipping, manufacturing, and tourism industries and is part of a larger ephemera collection related to region. The collection was donated over several years by UNF library staff. Postcards range in date from the late 19th century through the late 20th century, with the bulk dates falling between 1900 and 1950. The collection is arranged alphabetically by series and chronologically within each series. \nSeries in this collection include the following:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1- Advertising Cards (arranged chronologically) contains business advertisement cards from Northeast Florida business and organizations.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2- Agriculture (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting the agricultural industry in Northeast Florida\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3- Airports (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting Jacksonville International Airport and local municipal airports in Northeast Florida.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4- Alligator Farm; Jacksonville, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting scenes from the Alligator farm, an early 20th century tourist attraction in Jacksonville, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5- Atlantic Beach, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting panoramic views of Atlantic Beach, local hotels, and other tourist attractions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6- Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting steamer ships owned by the Clyde Line, commercial shipping docks, and views of the intracoastal waterway.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 7- Bank Buildings (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting the Florida National Bank, Atlantic National Bank, Barnett First National Bank, and other local Northeast Florida Bank buildings.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 8- Bridges (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting local Jacksonville, Florida bridges, including the Fuller Warren Bridge, Main Street Bridge, Matthews Bridge, Napolean Bonaparte Broward Bridge, and Hart Bridge.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 9- Buildings (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting buildings in downtown Jacksonville, including structures of architectural significance like the St. James Building and the Shriners Temple.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 10- Church Buildings (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting churches of different denominations, including Catholic, Baptist, Methodist, and Episcopal, in the Northeast Florida area.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 11- Clubs (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting Jacksonville area athletic and social clubs. Examples include the Seminole Club, Fort George Club, Masonic Temple, and San Jose Golf Club.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 12- Cumberland Island, Georgia (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting Thomas M. Carnegie's home, Dungeness. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 13- Dixieland Park; Jacksonville, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting early 20th century tourist attraction on the Southbank of Jacksonville. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 14- Docks and Shipping (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting scenes of commercial shipping docks and steamer ships on the St Johns River in downtown Jacksonville. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 15- Dwellings (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting private residences in the Riverside, Springfield, Mandarin, and Ortega neighborhoods of Jacksonville. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 16- Epping Forest; Jacksonville, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting the mansion of Alfred I. du Pont, now the Epping Forest Yacht Club.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 17- Eustis, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting photographic postcard taken in Eustis, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 18- Fernandina Beach, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting businesses, municipal buildings, hotels, private residences, and beach scenes.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 19- Florida Ostrich Farm; Jacksonville, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting tourist attraction popular in the early 20th century, with scenes of the farm with birds and ostriches racing. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 20- Fort Clinch State Park, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting structures and ruins of the Civil War fort near Amelia Island and Fernandina Beach.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 21- Friendship Park; Jacksonville, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting Friendship fountain and the downtown Jacksonville skyline across from the park located on the Southbank. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 22- Gardens (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting scenes of plants native to Northeast Florida and Cummer Museum and Gardens. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 23- General (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting a variety of scenes of locations in Jacksonville, cards printed by local printer H\u0026amp;WB Drew Company, and cards addressed to Jacksonville addresses.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 24- Green Cove Springs, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting Springs, the bathing pavilion, and the Qui-Si-Sana Hotel and Health Spa. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 25- Hemming Park; Jacksonville, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting the grounds and businesses surrounding the park, known today as James Weldon Johnson Park. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 26- Highways (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting several multi-lane highways and expressways in Jacksonville. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 27- Hilliard, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting a hotel located in Hilliard, Florida near the Florida/Georgia Border. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 28- Hospitals (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting Jacksonville area hospitals, including St. Vincent's Hospital, De Soto Sanatorium, St. Luke's Hospital, and Brewster Hospital. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 29- Hotels (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting Jacksonville area hotels, including Hotel Burbridge, Hotel Roosevelt, Aragon Hotel, and Windsor Hotel. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 30- Jacksonville Beach, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting scenes of local businesses, hotels, restaurants, and beaches.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 31- Keystone Heights, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting a hotel in Keystone Heights, Florida. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 32- Kingsley Plantation; Fort George Island, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting National Park Kingsley Plantation on Fort George Island. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 33- Library Buildings (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting the exteriors of Jacksonville area public library buildings.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 34- Marineland, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting aerial views of Marineland Studios, dolphins, and businesses at the historic tourist attraction. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 35- Military Bases (arranged chronologically) contains photographic postcards depicting Camp Foster, founded as a work camp during the Great Depression, Camp Blanding Army Camp, and Camp Joseph E. Johnston.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 36- Mining (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting phosphate mining in Florida. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 37- Monuments (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting monuments in the Jacksonville area.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 38- Motels (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting mid-20th century tourist motels in the Jacksonville area along U.S. Highway 1.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 39- Museums (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting artwork from the collections of the Cummer Museum in the Riverside neighborhood of Jacksonville, Florida. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 40- Naval Air Station; Jacksonville, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting structures at Mayport, Cecil Field, and Jacksonville Naval Air stations. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 41- Neptune Beach, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting scenes of beach front at Neptune Beach.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 42- Orange Park, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting structures at Moosehaven Retirement Community located in Orange Park, Florida on the St. Johns River. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 43- Oriental Gardens; Jacksonville, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting scenes from the former tourist attraction located on San Jose Boulevard.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 44- Parks (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting historic images of parks in various Jacksonville neighborhoods, including Riverside and Springfield parks. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 45- Persons (arranged chronologically) contains photographic postcards depicting portraits of visitors to Jacksonville. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 46- Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting views of structures on the Ponte Vedra Inn and Club.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 47- Post Office Building (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting early 20th century Federal Post Office in downtown Jacksonville. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 48- Public Buildings (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting various municipal buildings including the original Duval County Courthouse, The Armory, and the Civic Auditorium of Jacksonville. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 49- Restaurants (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting Jacksonville area restaurants.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 50- St. Augustine, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting businesses, tourist attractions, and historic sites in St. Augustine, Florida\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 51- St. Johns River, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting scenes from the St. Johns River, \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 52- Sanford, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting a steamer ship in Sanford, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 53- Schools (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting school buildings in the Jacksonville area including Central Grammar School, Duval High School, Edward Waters College.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 54- Silver Springs, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting a scene of glass-bottom boats at the springs. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 55- Souvenir Postcard Booklets (arranged chronologically) contains multi-postcard booklets depicting scenes from Northeast Florida.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 56- Streets (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting street views in downtown Jacksonville, and the Riverside and Springfield neighborhoods. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 57- Theaters (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting the Palace and New Palace theaters.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 58- Trailer Camps (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting scenes of tourist trailer campgrounds near Jacksonville. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 59- Trees (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting various species of trees native to Northeast Florida and the famous Treaty Oak live oak tree located in Jesse Ball duPont Park. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 60- Turpentine Industry (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting scenes of turpentine camps in Northeast Florida.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 61- Union Station (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting various scenes of the historic Union Station in Downtown Jacksonville, now the Prime F. Osborn III Convention Center.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 62- Universities and Colleges (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting Jacksonville University, University of North Florida, and Edward Waters College campuses. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 63- Viaducts/Trains (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting railroad viaducts and close-up depictions of train engines. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 64- Waterfronts (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting various views of the Jacksonville skyline as seen from the St. Johns River. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 65- Waterworks; Jacksonville, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting the historic waterworks located in the Springfield neighborhood of Jacksonville. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 66- Zoos (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting views from the Jacksonville Zoo during the early and mid-20th century. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 67- Sensitive Content (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting content that may be harmful or distressing to viewers. These items are available to review in person only.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains postcards related to Northeast Florida's agricultural, shipping, manufacturing, and tourism industries and is part of a larger ephemera collection related to region. The collection was donated over several years by UNF library staff. Postcards range in date from the late 19th century through the late 20th century, with the bulk dates falling between 1900 and 1950. The collection is arranged alphabetically by series and chronologically within each series. \nSeries in this collection include the following:","Series 1- Advertising Cards (arranged chronologically) contains business advertisement cards from Northeast Florida business and organizations.","Series 2- Agriculture (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting the agricultural industry in Northeast Florida","Series 3- Airports (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting Jacksonville International Airport and local municipal airports in Northeast Florida.","Series 4- Alligator Farm; Jacksonville, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting scenes from the Alligator farm, an early 20th century tourist attraction in Jacksonville, Florida.","Series 5- Atlantic Beach, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting panoramic views of Atlantic Beach, local hotels, and other tourist attractions.","Series 6- Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting steamer ships owned by the Clyde Line, commercial shipping docks, and views of the intracoastal waterway.","Series 7- Bank Buildings (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting the Florida National Bank, Atlantic National Bank, Barnett First National Bank, and other local Northeast Florida Bank buildings.","Series 8- Bridges (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting local Jacksonville, Florida bridges, including the Fuller Warren Bridge, Main Street Bridge, Matthews Bridge, Napolean Bonaparte Broward Bridge, and Hart Bridge.","Series 9- Buildings (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting buildings in downtown Jacksonville, including structures of architectural significance like the St. James Building and the Shriners Temple.","Series 10- Church Buildings (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting churches of different denominations, including Catholic, Baptist, Methodist, and Episcopal, in the Northeast Florida area.","Series 11- Clubs (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting Jacksonville area athletic and social clubs. Examples include the Seminole Club, Fort George Club, Masonic Temple, and San Jose Golf Club.","Series 12- Cumberland Island, Georgia (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting Thomas M. Carnegie's home, Dungeness. ","Series 13- Dixieland Park; Jacksonville, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting early 20th century tourist attraction on the Southbank of Jacksonville. ","Series 14- Docks and Shipping (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting scenes of commercial shipping docks and steamer ships on the St Johns River in downtown Jacksonville. ","Series 15- Dwellings (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting private residences in the Riverside, Springfield, Mandarin, and Ortega neighborhoods of Jacksonville. ","Series 16- Epping Forest; Jacksonville, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting the mansion of Alfred I. du Pont, now the Epping Forest Yacht Club.","Series 17- Eustis, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting photographic postcard taken in Eustis, Florida.","Series 18- Fernandina Beach, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting businesses, municipal buildings, hotels, private residences, and beach scenes.","Series 19- Florida Ostrich Farm; Jacksonville, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting tourist attraction popular in the early 20th century, with scenes of the farm with birds and ostriches racing. ","Series 20- Fort Clinch State Park, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting structures and ruins of the Civil War fort near Amelia Island and Fernandina Beach.","Series 21- Friendship Park; Jacksonville, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting Friendship fountain and the downtown Jacksonville skyline across from the park located on the Southbank. ","Series 22- Gardens (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting scenes of plants native to Northeast Florida and Cummer Museum and Gardens. ","Series 23- General (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting a variety of scenes of locations in Jacksonville, cards printed by local printer H\u0026WB Drew Company, and cards addressed to Jacksonville addresses.","Series 24- Green Cove Springs, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting Springs, the bathing pavilion, and the Qui-Si-Sana Hotel and Health Spa. ","Series 25- Hemming Park; Jacksonville, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting the grounds and businesses surrounding the park, known today as James Weldon Johnson Park. ","Series 26- Highways (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting several multi-lane highways and expressways in Jacksonville. ","Series 27- Hilliard, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting a hotel located in Hilliard, Florida near the Florida/Georgia Border. ","Series 28- Hospitals (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting Jacksonville area hospitals, including St. Vincent's Hospital, De Soto Sanatorium, St. Luke's Hospital, and Brewster Hospital. ","Series 29- Hotels (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting Jacksonville area hotels, including Hotel Burbridge, Hotel Roosevelt, Aragon Hotel, and Windsor Hotel. ","Series 30- Jacksonville Beach, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting scenes of local businesses, hotels, restaurants, and beaches.","Series 31- Keystone Heights, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting a hotel in Keystone Heights, Florida. ","Series 32- Kingsley Plantation; Fort George Island, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting National Park Kingsley Plantation on Fort George Island. ","Series 33- Library Buildings (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting the exteriors of Jacksonville area public library buildings.","Series 34- Marineland, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting aerial views of Marineland Studios, dolphins, and businesses at the historic tourist attraction. ","Series 35- Military Bases (arranged chronologically) contains photographic postcards depicting Camp Foster, founded as a work camp during the Great Depression, Camp Blanding Army Camp, and Camp Joseph E. Johnston.","Series 36- Mining (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting phosphate mining in Florida. ","Series 37- Monuments (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting monuments in the Jacksonville area.","Series 38- Motels (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting mid-20th century tourist motels in the Jacksonville area along U.S. Highway 1.","Series 39- Museums (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting artwork from the collections of the Cummer Museum in the Riverside neighborhood of Jacksonville, Florida. ","Series 40- Naval Air Station; Jacksonville, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting structures at Mayport, Cecil Field, and Jacksonville Naval Air stations. ","Series 41- Neptune Beach, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting scenes of beach front at Neptune Beach.","Series 42- Orange Park, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting structures at Moosehaven Retirement Community located in Orange Park, Florida on the St. Johns River. ","Series 43- Oriental Gardens; Jacksonville, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting scenes from the former tourist attraction located on San Jose Boulevard.","Series 44- Parks (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting historic images of parks in various Jacksonville neighborhoods, including Riverside and Springfield parks. ","Series 45- Persons (arranged chronologically) contains photographic postcards depicting portraits of visitors to Jacksonville. ","Series 46- Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting views of structures on the Ponte Vedra Inn and Club.","Series 47- Post Office Building (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting early 20th century Federal Post Office in downtown Jacksonville. ","Series 48- Public Buildings (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting various municipal buildings including the original Duval County Courthouse, The Armory, and the Civic Auditorium of Jacksonville. ","Series 49- Restaurants (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting Jacksonville area restaurants.","Series 50- St. Augustine, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting businesses, tourist attractions, and historic sites in St. Augustine, Florida","Series 51- St. Johns River, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting scenes from the St. Johns River, ","Series 52- Sanford, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting a steamer ship in Sanford, Florida.","Series 53- Schools (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting school buildings in the Jacksonville area including Central Grammar School, Duval High School, Edward Waters College.","Series 54- Silver Springs, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting a scene of glass-bottom boats at the springs. ","Series 55- Souvenir Postcard Booklets (arranged chronologically) contains multi-postcard booklets depicting scenes from Northeast Florida.","Series 56- Streets (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting street views in downtown Jacksonville, and the Riverside and Springfield neighborhoods. ","Series 57- Theaters (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting the Palace and New Palace theaters.","Series 58- Trailer Camps (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting scenes of tourist trailer campgrounds near Jacksonville. ","Series 59- Trees (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting various species of trees native to Northeast Florida and the famous Treaty Oak live oak tree located in Jesse Ball duPont Park. ","Series 60- Turpentine Industry (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting scenes of turpentine camps in Northeast Florida.","Series 61- Union Station (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting various scenes of the historic Union Station in Downtown Jacksonville, now the Prime F. Osborn III Convention Center.","Series 62- Universities and Colleges (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting Jacksonville University, University of North Florida, and Edward Waters College campuses. ","Series 63- Viaducts/Trains (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting railroad viaducts and close-up depictions of train engines. ","Series 64- Waterfronts (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting various views of the Jacksonville skyline as seen from the St. Johns River. ","Series 65- Waterworks; Jacksonville, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting the historic waterworks located in the Springfield neighborhood of Jacksonville. ","Series 66- Zoos (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting views from the Jacksonville Zoo during the early and mid-20th century. ","Series 67- Sensitive Content (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting content that may be harmful or distressing to viewers. These items are available to review in person only."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in the collection may be subject to copyright and are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accordance with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). Use of reproductions of copyrighted works in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement and be subject to the civil and criminal penalties of federal law. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for further information\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials in the collection may be subject to copyright and are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accordance with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). Use of reproductions of copyrighted works in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement and be subject to the civil and criminal penalties of federal law. 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