{"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2003\u0026page=165","prev":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2003\u0026page=164","next":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2003\u0026page=166","last":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2003\u0026page=399"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":165,"next_page":166,"prev_page":164,"total_pages":399,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":1640,"total_count":3981,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"4e46868e4abfdc952d04e297","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Hemlock Society Papers, 1985 - 2012","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/4e46868e4abfdc952d04e297#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["The Hemlock Society of Florida, Inc. is an independent, non-profit 501(c)(4) right-to-die organization registered within the State of Florida.  This collection includes various publications from the Hemlock Society of Florida and U.S. Hemlock Society papers, also newsletters, newspaper clippings, correspondence, meeting notes, court cases and documents."],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/4e46868e4abfdc952d04e297#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"4e46868e4abfdc952d04e297","title_ssm":["Hemlock Society Papers"],"title_tesim":["Hemlock Society Papers"],"ead_ssi":"4e46868e4abfdc952d04e297","unitdate_ssm":["1985 - 2012"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1985 - 2012"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["04.14-001","/repositories/7/resources/1110"],"text":["04.14-001","/repositories/7/resources/1110","Hemlock Society Papers, 1985 - 2012","Right to die.","The Hemlock Society Collection may be consulted by adults engaged in serious research who present a valid ID. Materials may not be removed from the library. Please email  law-ref@lists.fsu.edu  to request an appointment for access.","Arranged by box","Hemlock Society of Florida, Inc. – A History","1980: Former British journalist Derek Humphry and his wife, Ann Wickett, founded the Hemlock Society in California.  1988: The Society relocated its office to Eugene, Oregon, where it remained until the early 1990s when it moved to Denver, Colorado.","In England, Humphry had helped his first wife, Jean, hasten her painful death from cancer. (This story is told in Mr. Humphry's book, Jean's Way.)  He hoped to promote dignity and autonomy in dying through his writing.  He chose to live in the United States because of its Constitution's freedom-of-speech clause.  Other countries lacked this protection.","The name 'Hemlock' was selected in the light of the suicide of the ancient Greek philosopher Socrates who had to choose between a sentence of death or exile; after debate with colleagues, and unable to bear the loneliness of exile, he chose suicide by a drink laced with the hemlock plant. It was Socrates' careful consideration of his choices that inspired the American organization.","Hemlock attracted widespread, growing interest and local groups nationwide began meeting to discuss end-of-life issues.","1987: The first Florida chapter, Suncoast Hemlock, was organized by Nan and Walt Billings, Sue Mueller and like-minded Sarasota friends.  Nan liaisoned with the Hemlock Society in Denver (often referred to as \"National\") and helped organize chapters in Clearwater, Fort Myers, Naples, Sun City Center, Tampa-St. Petersburg, Orlando, Fort Lauderdale, Boca Raton and Melbourne.  Representatives from all these grass-roots groups gathered periodically to share information and coordinate activities. In April 1994, these groups unified and incorporated as the Hemlock Society of Florida, Inc.","Nan Billings served as its first president, until January 1996.  Mary Bennett Hudson (Fort Lauderdale) succeeded her and served until January 2002 when the Board elected Donna Klamm, of West Melbourne. Donna continues as president today.","1997: In order to fund legislative efforts to defeat old laws against choice in dying, National Hemlock formed a separate 501(c)(4) membership corporation to which members paid their non-tax-deductible dues.  The Hemlock / Florida Board followed suit by establishing the Patients' Rights Organization of Florida, Inc. (PRO-FL) with the same tax designation and membership dues responsibility.","Presidents of PRO-FL were attorney John Lees (Melbourne) followed in April 1998 by Dr. Cecil McIver, succeeded by Mary Bennett Hudson.","1998:  Hemlock USA started the Caring Friends Program.  All over the United States trained volunteers counseled terminally ill people on how to hasten death, if that was their wish.","2000: PRO-FL officially changed its name to the Hemlock Society of Florida, Inc. Everything else about it (tax designation, membership dues) remained the same.  Simultaneously, the Hemlock Foundation of Florida, Inc. was formed as a 501(c)(3) corporation dedicated to charitable and educational purposes and funded by tax-deductible donations. Both these corporations have since comprised the Florida organizations and remain so for our independent organization today.","2004: New leadership at the national level disliked the name \"Hemlock\" so they began a search for a new name. After extensive deliberation and research, the national office became End-of-Life Choices. State chapters were urged to do likewise. We became End-of-Life Choices Florida.","2005: In January, End-of-Life Choices (\"National\") merged with the Oregon-based organization, Compassion in Dying.  This merger eventually culminated as Compassion \u0026 Choices (C\u0026C), which now occupies the former Denver office of Hemlock USA.","Some state chapters changed their names again to Compassion and Choices New York etc. Other chapters closed, became dormant, remained End-of-Life Choices, or in several cases, retained the original Hemlock name. The Florida organization decided not to sign on as an affiliate of Compassion \u0026 Choices and changed its name back to the Hemlock Society of Florida. The Hemlock Society of Florida set out to remain an independent right-to-die organization.","Several former Hemlock national board members formed a new national group named Final Exit Network. The main thrust of this organization is to counsel mentally competent, terminally ill individuals who wish to self-deliver.","2006: January:  The Hemlock Society of Florida Inc. continues as an independent advocate for dignity and freedom of choice at the end of life. The Hemlock Society of San Diego and Hemlock of Illinois also continue as local chapters and retain the Hemlock name.","2010: The Hemlock Society of Florida hired an executive director, the first paid staff for the organization. The executive director worked with the Hemlock Society of Florida state board to redesign Hemlock's website, increase its membership and fundraising and raise its visibility as a longtime principled and respected advocate for the right-to-die with dignity. The executive director resigned and was not replaced.","2013: There are no longer any active chapters within Florida. The board of directors decided to discontinue individual memberships and rely on the generous donations of friends and supporters.","Note written by Patricia Bingham-Harper","These various publications from the Hemlock Society, cover a time period from about 1985 until 2012. It includes an extensive collection of newsletters, brochures, correspondence and meeting notes.","The Hemlock Society of Florida, Inc. is an independent, non-profit 501(c)(4) right-to-die organization registered within the State of Florida.  This collection includes various publications from the Hemlock Society of Florida and U.S. Hemlock Society papers, also newsletters, newspaper clippings, correspondence, meeting notes, court cases and documents.","FSU College of Law Research Center","Hemlock Society of Florida","English"],"unitid_tesim":["04.14-001","/repositories/7/resources/1110"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1985 - 2012"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Hemlock Society Papers, 1985 - 2012"],"collection_title_tesim":["Hemlock Society Papers, 1985 - 2012"],"collection_ssim":["Hemlock Society Papers, 1985 - 2012"],"repository_ssm":["FSU College of Law Research Center"],"repository_ssim":["FSU College of Law Research Center"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Right to die."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Right to die."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["10.00 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["10.00 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Hemlock Society Collection may be consulted by adults engaged in serious research who present a valid ID. Materials may not be removed from the library. Please email \u003ca href=\"mailto:mailto:law-earchives@lists.fsu.edu\"\u003elaw-ref@lists.fsu.edu\u003c/a\u003e to request an appointment for access.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The Hemlock Society Collection may be consulted by adults engaged in serious research who present a valid ID. Materials may not be removed from the library. 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Other countries lacked this protection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe name 'Hemlock' was selected in the light of the suicide of the ancient Greek philosopher Socrates who had to choose between a sentence of death or exile; after debate with colleagues, and unable to bear the loneliness of exile, he chose suicide by a drink laced with the hemlock plant. It was Socrates' careful consideration of his choices that inspired the American organization.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHemlock attracted widespread, growing interest and local groups nationwide began meeting to discuss end-of-life issues.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1987: The first Florida chapter, Suncoast Hemlock, was organized by Nan and Walt Billings, Sue Mueller and like-minded Sarasota friends.  Nan liaisoned with the Hemlock Society in Denver (often referred to as \"National\") and helped organize chapters in Clearwater, Fort Myers, Naples, Sun City Center, Tampa-St. Petersburg, Orlando, Fort Lauderdale, Boca Raton and Melbourne.  Representatives from all these grass-roots groups gathered periodically to share information and coordinate activities. In April 1994, these groups unified and incorporated as the Hemlock Society of Florida, Inc.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNan Billings served as its first president, until January 1996.  Mary Bennett Hudson (Fort Lauderdale) succeeded her and served until January 2002 when the Board elected Donna Klamm, of West Melbourne. Donna continues as president today.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1997: In order to fund legislative efforts to defeat old laws against choice in dying, National Hemlock formed a separate 501(c)(4) membership corporation to which members paid their non-tax-deductible dues.  The Hemlock / Florida Board followed suit by establishing the Patients' Rights Organization of Florida, Inc. (PRO-FL) with the same tax designation and membership dues responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePresidents of PRO-FL were attorney John Lees (Melbourne) followed in April 1998 by Dr. Cecil McIver, succeeded by Mary Bennett Hudson.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1998:  Hemlock USA started the Caring Friends Program.  All over the United States trained volunteers counseled terminally ill people on how to hasten death, if that was their wish.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2000: PRO-FL officially changed its name to the Hemlock Society of Florida, Inc. Everything else about it (tax designation, membership dues) remained the same.  Simultaneously, the Hemlock Foundation of Florida, Inc. was formed as a 501(c)(3) corporation dedicated to charitable and educational purposes and funded by tax-deductible donations. Both these corporations have since comprised the Florida organizations and remain so for our independent organization today.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2004: New leadership at the national level disliked the name \"Hemlock\" so they began a search for a new name. After extensive deliberation and research, the national office became End-of-Life Choices. State chapters were urged to do likewise. We became End-of-Life Choices Florida.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2005: In January, End-of-Life Choices (\"National\") merged with the Oregon-based organization, Compassion in Dying.  This merger eventually culminated as Compassion \u0026amp; Choices (C\u0026amp;C), which now occupies the former Denver office of Hemlock USA.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSome state chapters changed their names again to Compassion and Choices New York etc. Other chapters closed, became dormant, remained End-of-Life Choices, or in several cases, retained the original Hemlock name. The Florida organization decided not to sign on as an affiliate of Compassion \u0026amp; Choices and changed its name back to the Hemlock Society of Florida. The Hemlock Society of Florida set out to remain an independent right-to-die organization.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeveral former Hemlock national board members formed a new national group named Final Exit Network. The main thrust of this organization is to counsel mentally competent, terminally ill individuals who wish to self-deliver.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2006: January:  The Hemlock Society of Florida Inc. continues as an independent advocate for dignity and freedom of choice at the end of life. The Hemlock Society of San Diego and Hemlock of Illinois also continue as local chapters and retain the Hemlock name.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2010: The Hemlock Society of Florida hired an executive director, the first paid staff for the organization. The executive director worked with the Hemlock Society of Florida state board to redesign Hemlock's website, increase its membership and fundraising and raise its visibility as a longtime principled and respected advocate for the right-to-die with dignity. The executive director resigned and was not replaced.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2013: There are no longer any active chapters within Florida. The board of directors decided to discontinue individual memberships and rely on the generous donations of friends and supporters.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Patricia Bingham-Harper\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Hemlock Society of Florida, Inc. – A History","1980: Former British journalist Derek Humphry and his wife, Ann Wickett, founded the Hemlock Society in California.  1988: The Society relocated its office to Eugene, Oregon, where it remained until the early 1990s when it moved to Denver, Colorado.","In England, Humphry had helped his first wife, Jean, hasten her painful death from cancer. (This story is told in Mr. Humphry's book, Jean's Way.)  He hoped to promote dignity and autonomy in dying through his writing.  He chose to live in the United States because of its Constitution's freedom-of-speech clause.  Other countries lacked this protection.","The name 'Hemlock' was selected in the light of the suicide of the ancient Greek philosopher Socrates who had to choose between a sentence of death or exile; after debate with colleagues, and unable to bear the loneliness of exile, he chose suicide by a drink laced with the hemlock plant. It was Socrates' careful consideration of his choices that inspired the American organization.","Hemlock attracted widespread, growing interest and local groups nationwide began meeting to discuss end-of-life issues.","1987: The first Florida chapter, Suncoast Hemlock, was organized by Nan and Walt Billings, Sue Mueller and like-minded Sarasota friends.  Nan liaisoned with the Hemlock Society in Denver (often referred to as \"National\") and helped organize chapters in Clearwater, Fort Myers, Naples, Sun City Center, Tampa-St. Petersburg, Orlando, Fort Lauderdale, Boca Raton and Melbourne.  Representatives from all these grass-roots groups gathered periodically to share information and coordinate activities. In April 1994, these groups unified and incorporated as the Hemlock Society of Florida, Inc.","Nan Billings served as its first president, until January 1996.  Mary Bennett Hudson (Fort Lauderdale) succeeded her and served until January 2002 when the Board elected Donna Klamm, of West Melbourne. Donna continues as president today.","1997: In order to fund legislative efforts to defeat old laws against choice in dying, National Hemlock formed a separate 501(c)(4) membership corporation to which members paid their non-tax-deductible dues.  The Hemlock / Florida Board followed suit by establishing the Patients' Rights Organization of Florida, Inc. (PRO-FL) with the same tax designation and membership dues responsibility.","Presidents of PRO-FL were attorney John Lees (Melbourne) followed in April 1998 by Dr. Cecil McIver, succeeded by Mary Bennett Hudson.","1998:  Hemlock USA started the Caring Friends Program.  All over the United States trained volunteers counseled terminally ill people on how to hasten death, if that was their wish.","2000: PRO-FL officially changed its name to the Hemlock Society of Florida, Inc. Everything else about it (tax designation, membership dues) remained the same.  Simultaneously, the Hemlock Foundation of Florida, Inc. was formed as a 501(c)(3) corporation dedicated to charitable and educational purposes and funded by tax-deductible donations. Both these corporations have since comprised the Florida organizations and remain so for our independent organization today.","2004: New leadership at the national level disliked the name \"Hemlock\" so they began a search for a new name. After extensive deliberation and research, the national office became End-of-Life Choices. State chapters were urged to do likewise. We became End-of-Life Choices Florida.","2005: In January, End-of-Life Choices (\"National\") merged with the Oregon-based organization, Compassion in Dying.  This merger eventually culminated as Compassion \u0026 Choices (C\u0026C), which now occupies the former Denver office of Hemlock USA.","Some state chapters changed their names again to Compassion and Choices New York etc. Other chapters closed, became dormant, remained End-of-Life Choices, or in several cases, retained the original Hemlock name. The Florida organization decided not to sign on as an affiliate of Compassion \u0026 Choices and changed its name back to the Hemlock Society of Florida. The Hemlock Society of Florida set out to remain an independent right-to-die organization.","Several former Hemlock national board members formed a new national group named Final Exit Network. The main thrust of this organization is to counsel mentally competent, terminally ill individuals who wish to self-deliver.","2006: January:  The Hemlock Society of Florida Inc. continues as an independent advocate for dignity and freedom of choice at the end of life. The Hemlock Society of San Diego and Hemlock of Illinois also continue as local chapters and retain the Hemlock name.","2010: The Hemlock Society of Florida hired an executive director, the first paid staff for the organization. The executive director worked with the Hemlock Society of Florida state board to redesign Hemlock's website, increase its membership and fundraising and raise its visibility as a longtime principled and respected advocate for the right-to-die with dignity. The executive director resigned and was not replaced.","2013: There are no longer any active chapters within Florida. The board of directors decided to discontinue individual memberships and rely on the generous donations of friends and supporters.","Note written by Patricia Bingham-Harper"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThese various publications from the Hemlock Society, cover a time period from about 1985 until 2012. It includes an extensive collection of newsletters, brochures, correspondence and meeting notes.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["These various publications from the Hemlock Society, cover a time period from about 1985 until 2012. It includes an extensive collection of newsletters, brochures, correspondence and meeting notes."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_1c86d04e6f8eaf3eea485a1d5ab1c872\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Hemlock Society of Florida, Inc. is an independent, non-profit 501(c)(4) right-to-die organization registered within the State of Florida.\u0026#xA0; This collection includes various publications from the Hemlock Society of Florida and U.S. Hemlock Society papers, also newsletters, newspaper clippings, correspondence, meeting notes, court cases and documents.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Hemlock Society of Florida, Inc. is an independent, non-profit 501(c)(4) right-to-die organization registered within the State of Florida.  This collection includes various publications from the Hemlock Society of Florida and U.S. Hemlock Society papers, also newsletters, newspaper clippings, correspondence, meeting notes, court cases and documents."],"names_coll_ssim":["Hemlock Society of Florida"],"names_ssim":["FSU College of Law Research Center","Hemlock Society of Florida"],"corpname_ssim":["FSU College of Law Research Center","Hemlock Society of Florida"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":258,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"4e46868e4abfdc952d04e297","timestamp":"2026-04-21T02:31:14.648Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"4e46868e4abfdc952d04e297","title_ssm":["Hemlock Society Papers"],"title_tesim":["Hemlock Society Papers"],"ead_ssi":"4e46868e4abfdc952d04e297","unitdate_ssm":["1985 - 2012"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1985 - 2012"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["04.14-001","/repositories/7/resources/1110"],"text":["04.14-001","/repositories/7/resources/1110","Hemlock Society Papers, 1985 - 2012","Right to die.","The Hemlock Society Collection may be consulted by adults engaged in serious research who present a valid ID. Materials may not be removed from the library. Please email  law-ref@lists.fsu.edu  to request an appointment for access.","Arranged by box","Hemlock Society of Florida, Inc. – A History","1980: Former British journalist Derek Humphry and his wife, Ann Wickett, founded the Hemlock Society in California.  1988: The Society relocated its office to Eugene, Oregon, where it remained until the early 1990s when it moved to Denver, Colorado.","In England, Humphry had helped his first wife, Jean, hasten her painful death from cancer. (This story is told in Mr. Humphry's book, Jean's Way.)  He hoped to promote dignity and autonomy in dying through his writing.  He chose to live in the United States because of its Constitution's freedom-of-speech clause.  Other countries lacked this protection.","The name 'Hemlock' was selected in the light of the suicide of the ancient Greek philosopher Socrates who had to choose between a sentence of death or exile; after debate with colleagues, and unable to bear the loneliness of exile, he chose suicide by a drink laced with the hemlock plant. It was Socrates' careful consideration of his choices that inspired the American organization.","Hemlock attracted widespread, growing interest and local groups nationwide began meeting to discuss end-of-life issues.","1987: The first Florida chapter, Suncoast Hemlock, was organized by Nan and Walt Billings, Sue Mueller and like-minded Sarasota friends.  Nan liaisoned with the Hemlock Society in Denver (often referred to as \"National\") and helped organize chapters in Clearwater, Fort Myers, Naples, Sun City Center, Tampa-St. Petersburg, Orlando, Fort Lauderdale, Boca Raton and Melbourne.  Representatives from all these grass-roots groups gathered periodically to share information and coordinate activities. In April 1994, these groups unified and incorporated as the Hemlock Society of Florida, Inc.","Nan Billings served as its first president, until January 1996.  Mary Bennett Hudson (Fort Lauderdale) succeeded her and served until January 2002 when the Board elected Donna Klamm, of West Melbourne. Donna continues as president today.","1997: In order to fund legislative efforts to defeat old laws against choice in dying, National Hemlock formed a separate 501(c)(4) membership corporation to which members paid their non-tax-deductible dues.  The Hemlock / Florida Board followed suit by establishing the Patients' Rights Organization of Florida, Inc. (PRO-FL) with the same tax designation and membership dues responsibility.","Presidents of PRO-FL were attorney John Lees (Melbourne) followed in April 1998 by Dr. Cecil McIver, succeeded by Mary Bennett Hudson.","1998:  Hemlock USA started the Caring Friends Program.  All over the United States trained volunteers counseled terminally ill people on how to hasten death, if that was their wish.","2000: PRO-FL officially changed its name to the Hemlock Society of Florida, Inc. Everything else about it (tax designation, membership dues) remained the same.  Simultaneously, the Hemlock Foundation of Florida, Inc. was formed as a 501(c)(3) corporation dedicated to charitable and educational purposes and funded by tax-deductible donations. Both these corporations have since comprised the Florida organizations and remain so for our independent organization today.","2004: New leadership at the national level disliked the name \"Hemlock\" so they began a search for a new name. After extensive deliberation and research, the national office became End-of-Life Choices. State chapters were urged to do likewise. We became End-of-Life Choices Florida.","2005: In January, End-of-Life Choices (\"National\") merged with the Oregon-based organization, Compassion in Dying.  This merger eventually culminated as Compassion \u0026 Choices (C\u0026C), which now occupies the former Denver office of Hemlock USA.","Some state chapters changed their names again to Compassion and Choices New York etc. Other chapters closed, became dormant, remained End-of-Life Choices, or in several cases, retained the original Hemlock name. The Florida organization decided not to sign on as an affiliate of Compassion \u0026 Choices and changed its name back to the Hemlock Society of Florida. The Hemlock Society of Florida set out to remain an independent right-to-die organization.","Several former Hemlock national board members formed a new national group named Final Exit Network. The main thrust of this organization is to counsel mentally competent, terminally ill individuals who wish to self-deliver.","2006: January:  The Hemlock Society of Florida Inc. continues as an independent advocate for dignity and freedom of choice at the end of life. The Hemlock Society of San Diego and Hemlock of Illinois also continue as local chapters and retain the Hemlock name.","2010: The Hemlock Society of Florida hired an executive director, the first paid staff for the organization. The executive director worked with the Hemlock Society of Florida state board to redesign Hemlock's website, increase its membership and fundraising and raise its visibility as a longtime principled and respected advocate for the right-to-die with dignity. The executive director resigned and was not replaced.","2013: There are no longer any active chapters within Florida. The board of directors decided to discontinue individual memberships and rely on the generous donations of friends and supporters.","Note written by Patricia Bingham-Harper","These various publications from the Hemlock Society, cover a time period from about 1985 until 2012. It includes an extensive collection of newsletters, brochures, correspondence and meeting notes.","The Hemlock Society of Florida, Inc. is an independent, non-profit 501(c)(4) right-to-die organization registered within the State of Florida.  This collection includes various publications from the Hemlock Society of Florida and U.S. Hemlock Society papers, also newsletters, newspaper clippings, correspondence, meeting notes, court cases and documents.","FSU College of Law Research Center","Hemlock Society of Florida","English"],"unitid_tesim":["04.14-001","/repositories/7/resources/1110"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1985 - 2012"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Hemlock Society Papers, 1985 - 2012"],"collection_title_tesim":["Hemlock Society Papers, 1985 - 2012"],"collection_ssim":["Hemlock Society Papers, 1985 - 2012"],"repository_ssm":["FSU College of Law Research Center"],"repository_ssim":["FSU College of Law Research Center"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Right to die."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Right to die."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["10.00 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["10.00 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Hemlock Society Collection may be consulted by adults engaged in serious research who present a valid ID. Materials may not be removed from the library. Please email \u003ca href=\"mailto:mailto:law-earchives@lists.fsu.edu\"\u003elaw-ref@lists.fsu.edu\u003c/a\u003e to request an appointment for access.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The Hemlock Society Collection may be consulted by adults engaged in serious research who present a valid ID. Materials may not be removed from the library. Please email  law-ref@lists.fsu.edu  to request an appointment for access."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged by box\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged by box"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHemlock Society of Florida, Inc. \u0026#x2013; A History\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1980: Former British journalist Derek Humphry and his wife, Ann Wickett, founded the Hemlock Society in California.  1988: The Society relocated its office to Eugene, Oregon, where it remained until the early 1990s when it moved to Denver, Colorado.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn England, Humphry had helped his first wife, Jean, hasten her painful death from cancer. (This story is told in Mr. Humphry's book, Jean's Way.)  He hoped to promote dignity and autonomy in dying through his writing.  He chose to live in the United States because of its Constitution's freedom-of-speech clause.  Other countries lacked this protection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe name 'Hemlock' was selected in the light of the suicide of the ancient Greek philosopher Socrates who had to choose between a sentence of death or exile; after debate with colleagues, and unable to bear the loneliness of exile, he chose suicide by a drink laced with the hemlock plant. It was Socrates' careful consideration of his choices that inspired the American organization.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHemlock attracted widespread, growing interest and local groups nationwide began meeting to discuss end-of-life issues.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1987: The first Florida chapter, Suncoast Hemlock, was organized by Nan and Walt Billings, Sue Mueller and like-minded Sarasota friends.  Nan liaisoned with the Hemlock Society in Denver (often referred to as \"National\") and helped organize chapters in Clearwater, Fort Myers, Naples, Sun City Center, Tampa-St. Petersburg, Orlando, Fort Lauderdale, Boca Raton and Melbourne.  Representatives from all these grass-roots groups gathered periodically to share information and coordinate activities. In April 1994, these groups unified and incorporated as the Hemlock Society of Florida, Inc.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNan Billings served as its first president, until January 1996.  Mary Bennett Hudson (Fort Lauderdale) succeeded her and served until January 2002 when the Board elected Donna Klamm, of West Melbourne. Donna continues as president today.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1997: In order to fund legislative efforts to defeat old laws against choice in dying, National Hemlock formed a separate 501(c)(4) membership corporation to which members paid their non-tax-deductible dues.  The Hemlock / Florida Board followed suit by establishing the Patients' Rights Organization of Florida, Inc. (PRO-FL) with the same tax designation and membership dues responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePresidents of PRO-FL were attorney John Lees (Melbourne) followed in April 1998 by Dr. Cecil McIver, succeeded by Mary Bennett Hudson.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1998:  Hemlock USA started the Caring Friends Program.  All over the United States trained volunteers counseled terminally ill people on how to hasten death, if that was their wish.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2000: PRO-FL officially changed its name to the Hemlock Society of Florida, Inc. Everything else about it (tax designation, membership dues) remained the same.  Simultaneously, the Hemlock Foundation of Florida, Inc. was formed as a 501(c)(3) corporation dedicated to charitable and educational purposes and funded by tax-deductible donations. Both these corporations have since comprised the Florida organizations and remain so for our independent organization today.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2004: New leadership at the national level disliked the name \"Hemlock\" so they began a search for a new name. After extensive deliberation and research, the national office became End-of-Life Choices. State chapters were urged to do likewise. We became End-of-Life Choices Florida.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2005: In January, End-of-Life Choices (\"National\") merged with the Oregon-based organization, Compassion in Dying.  This merger eventually culminated as Compassion \u0026amp; Choices (C\u0026amp;C), which now occupies the former Denver office of Hemlock USA.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSome state chapters changed their names again to Compassion and Choices New York etc. Other chapters closed, became dormant, remained End-of-Life Choices, or in several cases, retained the original Hemlock name. The Florida organization decided not to sign on as an affiliate of Compassion \u0026amp; Choices and changed its name back to the Hemlock Society of Florida. The Hemlock Society of Florida set out to remain an independent right-to-die organization.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeveral former Hemlock national board members formed a new national group named Final Exit Network. The main thrust of this organization is to counsel mentally competent, terminally ill individuals who wish to self-deliver.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2006: January:  The Hemlock Society of Florida Inc. continues as an independent advocate for dignity and freedom of choice at the end of life. The Hemlock Society of San Diego and Hemlock of Illinois also continue as local chapters and retain the Hemlock name.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2010: The Hemlock Society of Florida hired an executive director, the first paid staff for the organization. The executive director worked with the Hemlock Society of Florida state board to redesign Hemlock's website, increase its membership and fundraising and raise its visibility as a longtime principled and respected advocate for the right-to-die with dignity. The executive director resigned and was not replaced.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2013: There are no longer any active chapters within Florida. The board of directors decided to discontinue individual memberships and rely on the generous donations of friends and supporters.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Patricia Bingham-Harper\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Hemlock Society of Florida, Inc. – A History","1980: Former British journalist Derek Humphry and his wife, Ann Wickett, founded the Hemlock Society in California.  1988: The Society relocated its office to Eugene, Oregon, where it remained until the early 1990s when it moved to Denver, Colorado.","In England, Humphry had helped his first wife, Jean, hasten her painful death from cancer. (This story is told in Mr. Humphry's book, Jean's Way.)  He hoped to promote dignity and autonomy in dying through his writing.  He chose to live in the United States because of its Constitution's freedom-of-speech clause.  Other countries lacked this protection.","The name 'Hemlock' was selected in the light of the suicide of the ancient Greek philosopher Socrates who had to choose between a sentence of death or exile; after debate with colleagues, and unable to bear the loneliness of exile, he chose suicide by a drink laced with the hemlock plant. It was Socrates' careful consideration of his choices that inspired the American organization.","Hemlock attracted widespread, growing interest and local groups nationwide began meeting to discuss end-of-life issues.","1987: The first Florida chapter, Suncoast Hemlock, was organized by Nan and Walt Billings, Sue Mueller and like-minded Sarasota friends.  Nan liaisoned with the Hemlock Society in Denver (often referred to as \"National\") and helped organize chapters in Clearwater, Fort Myers, Naples, Sun City Center, Tampa-St. Petersburg, Orlando, Fort Lauderdale, Boca Raton and Melbourne.  Representatives from all these grass-roots groups gathered periodically to share information and coordinate activities. In April 1994, these groups unified and incorporated as the Hemlock Society of Florida, Inc.","Nan Billings served as its first president, until January 1996.  Mary Bennett Hudson (Fort Lauderdale) succeeded her and served until January 2002 when the Board elected Donna Klamm, of West Melbourne. Donna continues as president today.","1997: In order to fund legislative efforts to defeat old laws against choice in dying, National Hemlock formed a separate 501(c)(4) membership corporation to which members paid their non-tax-deductible dues.  The Hemlock / Florida Board followed suit by establishing the Patients' Rights Organization of Florida, Inc. (PRO-FL) with the same tax designation and membership dues responsibility.","Presidents of PRO-FL were attorney John Lees (Melbourne) followed in April 1998 by Dr. Cecil McIver, succeeded by Mary Bennett Hudson.","1998:  Hemlock USA started the Caring Friends Program.  All over the United States trained volunteers counseled terminally ill people on how to hasten death, if that was their wish.","2000: PRO-FL officially changed its name to the Hemlock Society of Florida, Inc. Everything else about it (tax designation, membership dues) remained the same.  Simultaneously, the Hemlock Foundation of Florida, Inc. was formed as a 501(c)(3) corporation dedicated to charitable and educational purposes and funded by tax-deductible donations. Both these corporations have since comprised the Florida organizations and remain so for our independent organization today.","2004: New leadership at the national level disliked the name \"Hemlock\" so they began a search for a new name. After extensive deliberation and research, the national office became End-of-Life Choices. State chapters were urged to do likewise. We became End-of-Life Choices Florida.","2005: In January, End-of-Life Choices (\"National\") merged with the Oregon-based organization, Compassion in Dying.  This merger eventually culminated as Compassion \u0026 Choices (C\u0026C), which now occupies the former Denver office of Hemlock USA.","Some state chapters changed their names again to Compassion and Choices New York etc. Other chapters closed, became dormant, remained End-of-Life Choices, or in several cases, retained the original Hemlock name. The Florida organization decided not to sign on as an affiliate of Compassion \u0026 Choices and changed its name back to the Hemlock Society of Florida. The Hemlock Society of Florida set out to remain an independent right-to-die organization.","Several former Hemlock national board members formed a new national group named Final Exit Network. The main thrust of this organization is to counsel mentally competent, terminally ill individuals who wish to self-deliver.","2006: January:  The Hemlock Society of Florida Inc. continues as an independent advocate for dignity and freedom of choice at the end of life. The Hemlock Society of San Diego and Hemlock of Illinois also continue as local chapters and retain the Hemlock name.","2010: The Hemlock Society of Florida hired an executive director, the first paid staff for the organization. The executive director worked with the Hemlock Society of Florida state board to redesign Hemlock's website, increase its membership and fundraising and raise its visibility as a longtime principled and respected advocate for the right-to-die with dignity. The executive director resigned and was not replaced.","2013: There are no longer any active chapters within Florida. The board of directors decided to discontinue individual memberships and rely on the generous donations of friends and supporters.","Note written by Patricia Bingham-Harper"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThese various publications from the Hemlock Society, cover a time period from about 1985 until 2012. It includes an extensive collection of newsletters, brochures, correspondence and meeting notes.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["These various publications from the Hemlock Society, cover a time period from about 1985 until 2012. It includes an extensive collection of newsletters, brochures, correspondence and meeting notes."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_1c86d04e6f8eaf3eea485a1d5ab1c872\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Hemlock Society of Florida, Inc. is an independent, non-profit 501(c)(4) right-to-die organization registered within the State of Florida.\u0026#xA0; This collection includes various publications from the Hemlock Society of Florida and U.S. Hemlock Society papers, also newsletters, newspaper clippings, correspondence, meeting notes, court cases and documents.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Hemlock Society of Florida, Inc. is an independent, non-profit 501(c)(4) right-to-die organization registered within the State of Florida.  This collection includes various publications from the Hemlock Society of Florida and U.S. Hemlock Society papers, also newsletters, newspaper clippings, correspondence, meeting notes, court cases and documents."],"names_coll_ssim":["Hemlock Society of Florida"],"names_ssim":["FSU College of Law Research Center","Hemlock Society of Florida"],"corpname_ssim":["FSU College of Law Research Center","Hemlock Society of Florida"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":258,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"4e46868e4abfdc952d04e297","timestamp":"2026-04-21T02:31:14.648Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/4e46868e4abfdc952d04e297"}},{"id":"45807c67f367973431520ee3_aspace_191f21b0be33c4de0b50d219c2447852","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Hemming Park; Jacksonville, Florida, 1900-2019, Undated","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/45807c67f367973431520ee3_aspace_191f21b0be33c4de0b50d219c2447852#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_191f21b0be33c4de0b50d219c2447852","ref_ssm":["aspace_191f21b0be33c4de0b50d219c2447852","aspace_191f21b0be33c4de0b50d219c2447852"],"id":"45807c67f367973431520ee3_aspace_191f21b0be33c4de0b50d219c2447852","title_filing_ssi":"Hemming Park; Jacksonville, Florida","title_ssm":["Hemming Park; Jacksonville, Florida"],"title_tesim":["Hemming Park; Jacksonville, Florida"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1900-2019"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Undated"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1900-2019, Undated"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Hemming Park; Jacksonville, Florida, 1900-2019, Undated"],"text":["Hemming Park; Jacksonville, Florida, 1900-2019, Undated","Northeast Florida Regional Postcard Collection, 1858-2019","/repositories/3/archival_objects/9651","box 1","folder 25"],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ids_ssim":["45807c67f367973431520ee3"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Northeast Florida Regional Postcard Collection, 1858-2019"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Northeast Florida Regional Postcard Collection, 1858-2019"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/3/archival_objects/9651"],"repository_ssim":["UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Northeast Florida Regional Postcard Collection, 1858-2019"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"sort_isi":25,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research by appointment only. Please contact lib-special@unf.edu to schedule an appointment."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Materials in the collection may be subject to copyright and are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accordance with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). Use of reproductions of copyrighted works in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement and be subject to the civil and criminal penalties of federal law. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for further information"],"date_range_isim":[1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019],"containers_ssim":["box 1","folder 25"],"_nest_path_":"/components#24","_nest_parent_":"45807c67f367973431520ee3","_root_":"45807c67f367973431520ee3","_version_":1872853597225484288,"timestamp":"2026-08-07T08:46:14.061Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"45807c67f367973431520ee3","title_ssm":["Northeast Florida Regional Postcard Collection"],"title_tesim":["Northeast Florida Regional Postcard Collection"],"ead_ssi":"45807c67f367973431520ee3","unitdate_ssm":["1858-2019"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1858-2019"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["2024.001","/repositories/3/resources/82"],"text":["2024.001","/repositories/3/resources/82","Northeast Florida Regional Postcard Collection, 1858-2019","The collection is open for research by appointment only. Please contact lib-special@unf.edu to schedule an appointment.","\tIn the United States, the traditional picture postcard rose to popularity in the early 20th century. Postcard history is often divided into eight distinct \"eras\" beginning in the 1850s and continuing through the \"Golden Age of Postcards\" beginning around 1905 and lasting through 1915. In this golden age, millions of cards were printed and sold throughout the entire U.S. and collecting cards became a popular hobby. The Northeast Florida Regional Postcard Collection contains examples from many of the documented eras, including photographic cards popularized in the nineteen teens and twenties. ","\nAdvances in printing and photographic techniques along with faster shipping methods between the U.S. and Europe allowed for the mass production of brightly colored pictorial cards to be quickly manufactured and distributed to sellers. In addition to the printers in major U.S. cities, a network of publishers and photographers allowed many local businesses in small towns across the U.S. to commission postcards of local \"views\" that were cheaply printed in Germany. Many images of small-town life, including municipal architecture, private residences, and street scenes were preserved and are a useful tool for local historians and researchers. These views act as a \"visual record of a town\" and help develop a fuller understanding of the locations represented in the postcards. Additionally, postcards depicted natural disasters, fires, local amusements, and tourist attractions and were important to the souvenir trade of the time.  ","\nAt the height of the industry's popularity, publishers would often share or even steal negatives to create their own postcards and often would change or distort the negative to make them appear different from other printers. Misspellings were common and incorrectly captioned cards were also prevalent. The Northeast Florida Regional Postcard collection has several examples of this business tactic and many examples of misspellings in the captions or titles on the cards. ","\nEnthusiasm for postcard collecting began to wane around 1912 and ended with the start of World War I. Even though the initial craze for postcards diminished, they are still produced and continue to be a useful visual record for researchers and historians of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The Northeast Florida Regional Postcard Collection supports many of our Florida ephemera or Floridiana collections and is a great resource for the visual history of Jacksonville, St. Augustine, and the other towns of Northeast Florida. ","Sources:\n New York State Library Postcard Collection-Appendix C","Greetings from the Smithsonian: A Postcard History","This collection contains postcards related to Northeast Florida's agricultural, shipping, manufacturing, and tourism industries and is part of a larger ephemera collection related to region. The collection was donated over several years by UNF library staff. Postcards range in date from the late 19th century through the late 20th century, with the bulk dates falling between 1900 and 1950. The collection is arranged alphabetically by series and chronologically within each series. \nSeries in this collection include the following:","Series 1- Advertising Cards (arranged chronologically) contains business advertisement cards from Northeast Florida business and organizations.","Series 2- Agriculture (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting the agricultural industry in Northeast Florida","Series 3- Airports (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting Jacksonville International Airport and local municipal airports in Northeast Florida.","Series 4- Alligator Farm; Jacksonville, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting scenes from the Alligator farm, an early 20th century tourist attraction in Jacksonville, Florida.","Series 5- Atlantic Beach, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting panoramic views of Atlantic Beach, local hotels, and other tourist attractions.","Series 6- Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting steamer ships owned by the Clyde Line, commercial shipping docks, and views of the intracoastal waterway.","Series 7- Bank Buildings (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting the Florida National Bank, Atlantic National Bank, Barnett First National Bank, and other local Northeast Florida Bank buildings.","Series 8- Bridges (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting local Jacksonville, Florida bridges, including the Fuller Warren Bridge, Main Street Bridge, Matthews Bridge, Napolean Bonaparte Broward Bridge, and Hart Bridge.","Series 9- Buildings (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting buildings in downtown Jacksonville, including structures of architectural significance like the St. James Building and the Shriners Temple.","Series 10- Church Buildings (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting churches of different denominations, including Catholic, Baptist, Methodist, and Episcopal, in the Northeast Florida area.","Series 11- Clubs (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting Jacksonville area athletic and social clubs. Examples include the Seminole Club, Fort George Club, Masonic Temple, and San Jose Golf Club.","Series 12- Cumberland Island, Georgia (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting Thomas M. Carnegie's home, Dungeness. ","Series 13- Dixieland Park; Jacksonville, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting early 20th century tourist attraction on the Southbank of Jacksonville. ","Series 14- Docks and Shipping (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting scenes of commercial shipping docks and steamer ships on the St Johns River in downtown Jacksonville. ","Series 15- Dwellings (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting private residences in the Riverside, Springfield, Mandarin, and Ortega neighborhoods of Jacksonville. ","Series 16- Epping Forest; Jacksonville, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting the mansion of Alfred I. du Pont, now the Epping Forest Yacht Club.","Series 17- Eustis, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting photographic postcard taken in Eustis, Florida.","Series 18- Fernandina Beach, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting businesses, municipal buildings, hotels, private residences, and beach scenes.","Series 19- Florida Ostrich Farm; Jacksonville, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting tourist attraction popular in the early 20th century, with scenes of the farm with birds and ostriches racing. ","Series 20- Fort Clinch State Park, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting structures and ruins of the Civil War fort near Amelia Island and Fernandina Beach.","Series 21- Friendship Park; Jacksonville, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting Friendship fountain and the downtown Jacksonville skyline across from the park located on the Southbank. ","Series 22- Gardens (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting scenes of plants native to Northeast Florida and Cummer Museum and Gardens. ","Series 23- General (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting a variety of scenes of locations in Jacksonville, cards printed by local printer H\u0026WB Drew Company, and cards addressed to Jacksonville addresses.","Series 24- Green Cove Springs, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting Springs, the bathing pavilion, and the Qui-Si-Sana Hotel and Health Spa. ","Series 25- Hemming Park; Jacksonville, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting the grounds and businesses surrounding the park, known today as James Weldon Johnson Park. ","Series 26- Highways (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting several multi-lane highways and expressways in Jacksonville. ","Series 27- Hilliard, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting a hotel located in Hilliard, Florida near the Florida/Georgia Border. ","Series 28- Hospitals (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting Jacksonville area hospitals, including St. Vincent's Hospital, De Soto Sanatorium, St. Luke's Hospital, and Brewster Hospital. ","Series 29- Hotels (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting Jacksonville area hotels, including Hotel Burbridge, Hotel Roosevelt, Aragon Hotel, and Windsor Hotel. ","Series 30- Jacksonville Beach, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting scenes of local businesses, hotels, restaurants, and beaches.","Series 31- Keystone Heights, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting a hotel in Keystone Heights, Florida. ","Series 32- Kingsley Plantation; Fort George Island, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting National Park Kingsley Plantation on Fort George Island. ","Series 33- Library Buildings (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting the exteriors of Jacksonville area public library buildings.","Series 34- Marineland, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting aerial views of Marineland Studios, dolphins, and businesses at the historic tourist attraction. ","Series 35- Military Bases (arranged chronologically) contains photographic postcards depicting Camp Foster, founded as a work camp during the Great Depression, Camp Blanding Army Camp, and Camp Joseph E. Johnston.","Series 36- Mining (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting phosphate mining in Florida. ","Series 37- Monuments (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting monuments in the Jacksonville area.","Series 38- Motels (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting mid-20th century tourist motels in the Jacksonville area along U.S. Highway 1.","Series 39- Museums (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting artwork from the collections of the Cummer Museum in the Riverside neighborhood of Jacksonville, Florida. ","Series 40- Naval Air Station; Jacksonville, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting structures at Mayport, Cecil Field, and Jacksonville Naval Air stations. ","Series 41- Neptune Beach, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting scenes of beach front at Neptune Beach.","Series 42- Orange Park, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting structures at Moosehaven Retirement Community located in Orange Park, Florida on the St. Johns River. ","Series 43- Oriental Gardens; Jacksonville, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting scenes from the former tourist attraction located on San Jose Boulevard.","Series 44- Parks (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting historic images of parks in various Jacksonville neighborhoods, including Riverside and Springfield parks. ","Series 45- Persons (arranged chronologically) contains photographic postcards depicting portraits of visitors to Jacksonville. ","Series 46- Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting views of structures on the Ponte Vedra Inn and Club.","Series 47- Post Office Building (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting early 20th century Federal Post Office in downtown Jacksonville. ","Series 48- Public Buildings (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting various municipal buildings including the original Duval County Courthouse, The Armory, and the Civic Auditorium of Jacksonville. ","Series 49- Restaurants (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting Jacksonville area restaurants.","Series 50- St. Augustine, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting businesses, tourist attractions, and historic sites in St. Augustine, Florida","Series 51- St. Johns River, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting scenes from the St. Johns River, ","Series 52- Sanford, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting a steamer ship in Sanford, Florida.","Series 53- Schools (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting school buildings in the Jacksonville area including Central Grammar School, Duval High School, Edward Waters College.","Series 54- Silver Springs, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting a scene of glass-bottom boats at the springs. ","Series 55- Souvenir Postcard Booklets (arranged chronologically) contains multi-postcard booklets depicting scenes from Northeast Florida.","Series 56- Streets (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting street views in downtown Jacksonville, and the Riverside and Springfield neighborhoods. ","Series 57- Theaters (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting the Palace and New Palace theaters.","Series 58- Trailer Camps (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting scenes of tourist trailer campgrounds near Jacksonville. ","Series 59- Trees (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting various species of trees native to Northeast Florida and the famous Treaty Oak live oak tree located in Jesse Ball duPont Park. ","Series 60- Turpentine Industry (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting scenes of turpentine camps in Northeast Florida.","Series 61- Union Station (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting various scenes of the historic Union Station in Downtown Jacksonville, now the Prime F. Osborn III Convention Center.","Series 62- Universities and Colleges (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting Jacksonville University, University of North Florida, and Edward Waters College campuses. ","Series 63- Viaducts/Trains (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting railroad viaducts and close-up depictions of train engines. ","Series 64- Waterfronts (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting various views of the Jacksonville skyline as seen from the St. Johns River. ","Series 65- Waterworks; Jacksonville, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting the historic waterworks located in the Springfield neighborhood of Jacksonville. ","Series 66- Zoos (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting views from the Jacksonville Zoo during the early and mid-20th century. ","Series 67- Sensitive Content (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting content that may be harmful or distressing to viewers. These items are available to review in person only.","Materials in the collection may be subject to copyright and are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accordance with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). Use of reproductions of copyrighted works in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement and be subject to the civil and criminal penalties of federal law. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for further information","UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives","English"],"unitid_tesim":["2024.001","/repositories/3/resources/82"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1858-2019"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Northeast Florida Regional Postcard Collection, 1858-2019"],"collection_title_tesim":["Northeast Florida Regional Postcard Collection, 1858-2019"],"collection_ssim":["Northeast Florida Regional Postcard Collection, 1858-2019"],"repository_ssm":["UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives"],"repository_ssim":["UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["Materials in the collection may be subject to copyright and are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accordance with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). Use of reproductions of copyrighted works in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement and be subject to the civil and criminal penalties of federal law. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for further information"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was acquired through donation."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.92 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["1.92 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research by appointment only. Please contact lib-special@unf.edu to schedule an appointment.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research by appointment only. Please contact lib-special@unf.edu to schedule an appointment."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\tIn the United States, the traditional picture postcard rose to popularity in the early 20th century. Postcard history is often divided into eight distinct \"eras\" beginning in the 1850s and continuing through the \"Golden Age of Postcards\" beginning around 1905 and lasting through 1915. In this golden age, millions of cards were printed and sold throughout the entire U.S. and collecting cards became a popular hobby. The Northeast Florida Regional Postcard Collection contains examples from many of the documented eras, including photographic cards popularized in the nineteen teens and twenties. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nAdvances in printing and photographic techniques along with faster shipping methods between the U.S. and Europe allowed for the mass production of brightly colored pictorial cards to be quickly manufactured and distributed to sellers. In addition to the printers in major U.S. cities, a network of publishers and photographers allowed many local businesses in small towns across the U.S. to commission postcards of local \"views\" that were cheaply printed in Germany. Many images of small-town life, including municipal architecture, private residences, and street scenes were preserved and are a useful tool for local historians and researchers. These views act as a \"visual record of a town\" and help develop a fuller understanding of the locations represented in the postcards. Additionally, postcards depicted natural disasters, fires, local amusements, and tourist attractions and were important to the souvenir trade of the time.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nAt the height of the industry's popularity, publishers would often share or even steal negatives to create their own postcards and often would change or distort the negative to make them appear different from other printers. Misspellings were common and incorrectly captioned cards were also prevalent. The Northeast Florida Regional Postcard collection has several examples of this business tactic and many examples of misspellings in the captions or titles on the cards. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nEnthusiasm for postcard collecting began to wane around 1912 and ended with the start of World War I. Even though the initial craze for postcards diminished, they are still produced and continue to be a useful visual record for researchers and historians of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The Northeast Florida Regional Postcard Collection supports many of our Florida ephemera or Floridiana collections and is a great resource for the visual history of Jacksonville, St. Augustine, and the other towns of Northeast Florida. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources:\n\u003cextref href=\"https://www.nysl.nysed.gov/msscfa/qc16510ess.htm\"\u003eNew York State Library Postcard Collection-Appendix C\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref href=\"https://siarchives.si.edu/history/featured-topics/postcard/postcard-history\"\u003eGreetings from the Smithsonian: A Postcard History\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["\tIn the United States, the traditional picture postcard rose to popularity in the early 20th century. Postcard history is often divided into eight distinct \"eras\" beginning in the 1850s and continuing through the \"Golden Age of Postcards\" beginning around 1905 and lasting through 1915. In this golden age, millions of cards were printed and sold throughout the entire U.S. and collecting cards became a popular hobby. The Northeast Florida Regional Postcard Collection contains examples from many of the documented eras, including photographic cards popularized in the nineteen teens and twenties. ","\nAdvances in printing and photographic techniques along with faster shipping methods between the U.S. and Europe allowed for the mass production of brightly colored pictorial cards to be quickly manufactured and distributed to sellers. In addition to the printers in major U.S. cities, a network of publishers and photographers allowed many local businesses in small towns across the U.S. to commission postcards of local \"views\" that were cheaply printed in Germany. Many images of small-town life, including municipal architecture, private residences, and street scenes were preserved and are a useful tool for local historians and researchers. These views act as a \"visual record of a town\" and help develop a fuller understanding of the locations represented in the postcards. Additionally, postcards depicted natural disasters, fires, local amusements, and tourist attractions and were important to the souvenir trade of the time.  ","\nAt the height of the industry's popularity, publishers would often share or even steal negatives to create their own postcards and often would change or distort the negative to make them appear different from other printers. Misspellings were common and incorrectly captioned cards were also prevalent. The Northeast Florida Regional Postcard collection has several examples of this business tactic and many examples of misspellings in the captions or titles on the cards. ","\nEnthusiasm for postcard collecting began to wane around 1912 and ended with the start of World War I. Even though the initial craze for postcards diminished, they are still produced and continue to be a useful visual record for researchers and historians of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The Northeast Florida Regional Postcard Collection supports many of our Florida ephemera or Floridiana collections and is a great resource for the visual history of Jacksonville, St. Augustine, and the other towns of Northeast Florida. ","Sources:\n New York State Library Postcard Collection-Appendix C","Greetings from the Smithsonian: A Postcard History"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNortheast Florida Regional Postcard Collection, Thomas G. Carpenter Library, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Northeast Florida Regional Postcard Collection, Thomas G. Carpenter Library, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains postcards related to Northeast Florida's agricultural, shipping, manufacturing, and tourism industries and is part of a larger ephemera collection related to region. The collection was donated over several years by UNF library staff. Postcards range in date from the late 19th century through the late 20th century, with the bulk dates falling between 1900 and 1950. The collection is arranged alphabetically by series and chronologically within each series. \nSeries in this collection include the following:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1- Advertising Cards (arranged chronologically) contains business advertisement cards from Northeast Florida business and organizations.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2- Agriculture (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting the agricultural industry in Northeast Florida\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3- Airports (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting Jacksonville International Airport and local municipal airports in Northeast Florida.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4- Alligator Farm; Jacksonville, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting scenes from the Alligator farm, an early 20th century tourist attraction in Jacksonville, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5- Atlantic Beach, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting panoramic views of Atlantic Beach, local hotels, and other tourist attractions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6- Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting steamer ships owned by the Clyde Line, commercial shipping docks, and views of the intracoastal waterway.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 7- Bank Buildings (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting the Florida National Bank, Atlantic National Bank, Barnett First National Bank, and other local Northeast Florida Bank buildings.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 8- Bridges (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting local Jacksonville, Florida bridges, including the Fuller Warren Bridge, Main Street Bridge, Matthews Bridge, Napolean Bonaparte Broward Bridge, and Hart Bridge.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 9- Buildings (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting buildings in downtown Jacksonville, including structures of architectural significance like the St. James Building and the Shriners Temple.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 10- Church Buildings (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting churches of different denominations, including Catholic, Baptist, Methodist, and Episcopal, in the Northeast Florida area.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 11- Clubs (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting Jacksonville area athletic and social clubs. Examples include the Seminole Club, Fort George Club, Masonic Temple, and San Jose Golf Club.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 12- Cumberland Island, Georgia (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting Thomas M. Carnegie's home, Dungeness. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 13- Dixieland Park; Jacksonville, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting early 20th century tourist attraction on the Southbank of Jacksonville. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 14- Docks and Shipping (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting scenes of commercial shipping docks and steamer ships on the St Johns River in downtown Jacksonville. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 15- Dwellings (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting private residences in the Riverside, Springfield, Mandarin, and Ortega neighborhoods of Jacksonville. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 16- Epping Forest; Jacksonville, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting the mansion of Alfred I. du Pont, now the Epping Forest Yacht Club.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 17- Eustis, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting photographic postcard taken in Eustis, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 18- Fernandina Beach, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting businesses, municipal buildings, hotels, private residences, and beach scenes.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 19- Florida Ostrich Farm; Jacksonville, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting tourist attraction popular in the early 20th century, with scenes of the farm with birds and ostriches racing. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 20- Fort Clinch State Park, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting structures and ruins of the Civil War fort near Amelia Island and Fernandina Beach.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 21- Friendship Park; Jacksonville, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting Friendship fountain and the downtown Jacksonville skyline across from the park located on the Southbank. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 22- Gardens (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting scenes of plants native to Northeast Florida and Cummer Museum and Gardens. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 23- General (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting a variety of scenes of locations in Jacksonville, cards printed by local printer H\u0026amp;WB Drew Company, and cards addressed to Jacksonville addresses.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 24- Green Cove Springs, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting Springs, the bathing pavilion, and the Qui-Si-Sana Hotel and Health Spa. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 25- Hemming Park; Jacksonville, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting the grounds and businesses surrounding the park, known today as James Weldon Johnson Park. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 26- Highways (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting several multi-lane highways and expressways in Jacksonville. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 27- Hilliard, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting a hotel located in Hilliard, Florida near the Florida/Georgia Border. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 28- Hospitals (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting Jacksonville area hospitals, including St. Vincent's Hospital, De Soto Sanatorium, St. Luke's Hospital, and Brewster Hospital. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 29- Hotels (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting Jacksonville area hotels, including Hotel Burbridge, Hotel Roosevelt, Aragon Hotel, and Windsor Hotel. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 30- Jacksonville Beach, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting scenes of local businesses, hotels, restaurants, and beaches.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 31- Keystone Heights, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting a hotel in Keystone Heights, Florida. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 32- Kingsley Plantation; Fort George Island, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting National Park Kingsley Plantation on Fort George Island. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 33- Library Buildings (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting the exteriors of Jacksonville area public library buildings.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 34- Marineland, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting aerial views of Marineland Studios, dolphins, and businesses at the historic tourist attraction. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 35- Military Bases (arranged chronologically) contains photographic postcards depicting Camp Foster, founded as a work camp during the Great Depression, Camp Blanding Army Camp, and Camp Joseph E. Johnston.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 36- Mining (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting phosphate mining in Florida. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 37- Monuments (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting monuments in the Jacksonville area.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 38- Motels (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting mid-20th century tourist motels in the Jacksonville area along U.S. Highway 1.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 39- Museums (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting artwork from the collections of the Cummer Museum in the Riverside neighborhood of Jacksonville, Florida. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 40- Naval Air Station; Jacksonville, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting structures at Mayport, Cecil Field, and Jacksonville Naval Air stations. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 41- Neptune Beach, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting scenes of beach front at Neptune Beach.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 42- Orange Park, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting structures at Moosehaven Retirement Community located in Orange Park, Florida on the St. Johns River. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 43- Oriental Gardens; Jacksonville, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting scenes from the former tourist attraction located on San Jose Boulevard.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 44- Parks (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting historic images of parks in various Jacksonville neighborhoods, including Riverside and Springfield parks. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 45- Persons (arranged chronologically) contains photographic postcards depicting portraits of visitors to Jacksonville. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 46- Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting views of structures on the Ponte Vedra Inn and Club.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 47- Post Office Building (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting early 20th century Federal Post Office in downtown Jacksonville. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 48- Public Buildings (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting various municipal buildings including the original Duval County Courthouse, The Armory, and the Civic Auditorium of Jacksonville. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 49- Restaurants (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting Jacksonville area restaurants.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 50- St. Augustine, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting businesses, tourist attractions, and historic sites in St. Augustine, Florida\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 51- St. Johns River, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting scenes from the St. Johns River, \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 52- Sanford, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting a steamer ship in Sanford, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 53- Schools (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting school buildings in the Jacksonville area including Central Grammar School, Duval High School, Edward Waters College.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 54- Silver Springs, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting a scene of glass-bottom boats at the springs. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 55- Souvenir Postcard Booklets (arranged chronologically) contains multi-postcard booklets depicting scenes from Northeast Florida.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 56- Streets (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting street views in downtown Jacksonville, and the Riverside and Springfield neighborhoods. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 57- Theaters (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting the Palace and New Palace theaters.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 58- Trailer Camps (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting scenes of tourist trailer campgrounds near Jacksonville. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 59- Trees (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting various species of trees native to Northeast Florida and the famous Treaty Oak live oak tree located in Jesse Ball duPont Park. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 60- Turpentine Industry (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting scenes of turpentine camps in Northeast Florida.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 61- Union Station (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting various scenes of the historic Union Station in Downtown Jacksonville, now the Prime F. Osborn III Convention Center.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 62- Universities and Colleges (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting Jacksonville University, University of North Florida, and Edward Waters College campuses. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 63- Viaducts/Trains (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting railroad viaducts and close-up depictions of train engines. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 64- Waterfronts (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting various views of the Jacksonville skyline as seen from the St. Johns River. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 65- Waterworks; Jacksonville, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting the historic waterworks located in the Springfield neighborhood of Jacksonville. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 66- Zoos (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting views from the Jacksonville Zoo during the early and mid-20th century. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 67- Sensitive Content (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting content that may be harmful or distressing to viewers. These items are available to review in person only.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains postcards related to Northeast Florida's agricultural, shipping, manufacturing, and tourism industries and is part of a larger ephemera collection related to region. The collection was donated over several years by UNF library staff. Postcards range in date from the late 19th century through the late 20th century, with the bulk dates falling between 1900 and 1950. The collection is arranged alphabetically by series and chronologically within each series. \nSeries in this collection include the following:","Series 1- Advertising Cards (arranged chronologically) contains business advertisement cards from Northeast Florida business and organizations.","Series 2- Agriculture (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting the agricultural industry in Northeast Florida","Series 3- Airports (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting Jacksonville International Airport and local municipal airports in Northeast Florida.","Series 4- Alligator Farm; Jacksonville, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting scenes from the Alligator farm, an early 20th century tourist attraction in Jacksonville, Florida.","Series 5- Atlantic Beach, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting panoramic views of Atlantic Beach, local hotels, and other tourist attractions.","Series 6- Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting steamer ships owned by the Clyde Line, commercial shipping docks, and views of the intracoastal waterway.","Series 7- Bank Buildings (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting the Florida National Bank, Atlantic National Bank, Barnett First National Bank, and other local Northeast Florida Bank buildings.","Series 8- Bridges (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting local Jacksonville, Florida bridges, including the Fuller Warren Bridge, Main Street Bridge, Matthews Bridge, Napolean Bonaparte Broward Bridge, and Hart Bridge.","Series 9- Buildings (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting buildings in downtown Jacksonville, including structures of architectural significance like the St. James Building and the Shriners Temple.","Series 10- Church Buildings (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting churches of different denominations, including Catholic, Baptist, Methodist, and Episcopal, in the Northeast Florida area.","Series 11- Clubs (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting Jacksonville area athletic and social clubs. Examples include the Seminole Club, Fort George Club, Masonic Temple, and San Jose Golf Club.","Series 12- Cumberland Island, Georgia (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting Thomas M. Carnegie's home, Dungeness. ","Series 13- Dixieland Park; Jacksonville, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting early 20th century tourist attraction on the Southbank of Jacksonville. ","Series 14- Docks and Shipping (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting scenes of commercial shipping docks and steamer ships on the St Johns River in downtown Jacksonville. ","Series 15- Dwellings (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting private residences in the Riverside, Springfield, Mandarin, and Ortega neighborhoods of Jacksonville. ","Series 16- Epping Forest; Jacksonville, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting the mansion of Alfred I. du Pont, now the Epping Forest Yacht Club.","Series 17- Eustis, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting photographic postcard taken in Eustis, Florida.","Series 18- Fernandina Beach, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting businesses, municipal buildings, hotels, private residences, and beach scenes.","Series 19- Florida Ostrich Farm; Jacksonville, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting tourist attraction popular in the early 20th century, with scenes of the farm with birds and ostriches racing. ","Series 20- Fort Clinch State Park, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting structures and ruins of the Civil War fort near Amelia Island and Fernandina Beach.","Series 21- Friendship Park; Jacksonville, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting Friendship fountain and the downtown Jacksonville skyline across from the park located on the Southbank. ","Series 22- Gardens (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting scenes of plants native to Northeast Florida and Cummer Museum and Gardens. ","Series 23- General (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting a variety of scenes of locations in Jacksonville, cards printed by local printer H\u0026WB Drew Company, and cards addressed to Jacksonville addresses.","Series 24- Green Cove Springs, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting Springs, the bathing pavilion, and the Qui-Si-Sana Hotel and Health Spa. ","Series 25- Hemming Park; Jacksonville, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting the grounds and businesses surrounding the park, known today as James Weldon Johnson Park. ","Series 26- Highways (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting several multi-lane highways and expressways in Jacksonville. ","Series 27- Hilliard, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting a hotel located in Hilliard, Florida near the Florida/Georgia Border. ","Series 28- Hospitals (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting Jacksonville area hospitals, including St. Vincent's Hospital, De Soto Sanatorium, St. Luke's Hospital, and Brewster Hospital. ","Series 29- Hotels (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting Jacksonville area hotels, including Hotel Burbridge, Hotel Roosevelt, Aragon Hotel, and Windsor Hotel. ","Series 30- Jacksonville Beach, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting scenes of local businesses, hotels, restaurants, and beaches.","Series 31- Keystone Heights, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting a hotel in Keystone Heights, Florida. ","Series 32- Kingsley Plantation; Fort George Island, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting National Park Kingsley Plantation on Fort George Island. ","Series 33- Library Buildings (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting the exteriors of Jacksonville area public library buildings.","Series 34- Marineland, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting aerial views of Marineland Studios, dolphins, and businesses at the historic tourist attraction. ","Series 35- Military Bases (arranged chronologically) contains photographic postcards depicting Camp Foster, founded as a work camp during the Great Depression, Camp Blanding Army Camp, and Camp Joseph E. Johnston.","Series 36- Mining (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting phosphate mining in Florida. ","Series 37- Monuments (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting monuments in the Jacksonville area.","Series 38- Motels (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting mid-20th century tourist motels in the Jacksonville area along U.S. Highway 1.","Series 39- Museums (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting artwork from the collections of the Cummer Museum in the Riverside neighborhood of Jacksonville, Florida. ","Series 40- Naval Air Station; Jacksonville, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting structures at Mayport, Cecil Field, and Jacksonville Naval Air stations. ","Series 41- Neptune Beach, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting scenes of beach front at Neptune Beach.","Series 42- Orange Park, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting structures at Moosehaven Retirement Community located in Orange Park, Florida on the St. Johns River. ","Series 43- Oriental Gardens; Jacksonville, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting scenes from the former tourist attraction located on San Jose Boulevard.","Series 44- Parks (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting historic images of parks in various Jacksonville neighborhoods, including Riverside and Springfield parks. ","Series 45- Persons (arranged chronologically) contains photographic postcards depicting portraits of visitors to Jacksonville. ","Series 46- Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting views of structures on the Ponte Vedra Inn and Club.","Series 47- Post Office Building (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting early 20th century Federal Post Office in downtown Jacksonville. ","Series 48- Public Buildings (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting various municipal buildings including the original Duval County Courthouse, The Armory, and the Civic Auditorium of Jacksonville. ","Series 49- Restaurants (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting Jacksonville area restaurants.","Series 50- St. Augustine, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting businesses, tourist attractions, and historic sites in St. Augustine, Florida","Series 51- St. Johns River, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting scenes from the St. Johns River, ","Series 52- Sanford, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting a steamer ship in Sanford, Florida.","Series 53- Schools (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting school buildings in the Jacksonville area including Central Grammar School, Duval High School, Edward Waters College.","Series 54- Silver Springs, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting a scene of glass-bottom boats at the springs. ","Series 55- Souvenir Postcard Booklets (arranged chronologically) contains multi-postcard booklets depicting scenes from Northeast Florida.","Series 56- Streets (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting street views in downtown Jacksonville, and the Riverside and Springfield neighborhoods. ","Series 57- Theaters (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting the Palace and New Palace theaters.","Series 58- Trailer Camps (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting scenes of tourist trailer campgrounds near Jacksonville. ","Series 59- Trees (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting various species of trees native to Northeast Florida and the famous Treaty Oak live oak tree located in Jesse Ball duPont Park. ","Series 60- Turpentine Industry (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting scenes of turpentine camps in Northeast Florida.","Series 61- Union Station (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting various scenes of the historic Union Station in Downtown Jacksonville, now the Prime F. Osborn III Convention Center.","Series 62- Universities and Colleges (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting Jacksonville University, University of North Florida, and Edward Waters College campuses. ","Series 63- Viaducts/Trains (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting railroad viaducts and close-up depictions of train engines. ","Series 64- Waterfronts (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting various views of the Jacksonville skyline as seen from the St. Johns River. ","Series 65- Waterworks; Jacksonville, Florida (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting the historic waterworks located in the Springfield neighborhood of Jacksonville. ","Series 66- Zoos (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting views from the Jacksonville Zoo during the early and mid-20th century. ","Series 67- Sensitive Content (arranged chronologically) contains postcards depicting content that may be harmful or distressing to viewers. These items are available to review in person only."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in the collection may be subject to copyright and are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accordance with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). Use of reproductions of copyrighted works in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement and be subject to the civil and criminal penalties of federal law. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for further information\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials in the collection may be subject to copyright and are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accordance with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). Use of reproductions of copyrighted works in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement and be subject to the civil and criminal penalties of federal law. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for further information"],"names_ssim":["UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives"],"corpname_ssim":["UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":67,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1872853597225484288,"_root_":"45807c67f367973431520ee3","timestamp":"2026-08-07T08:46:14.061Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/45807c67f367973431520ee3_aspace_191f21b0be33c4de0b50d219c2447852"}},{"id":"5bfec06960a94373aa1cd96c_aspace_c743ccec3d05c5322743fd3ac0088c44","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Henderson Mental Health Center newsletter: Board member profile, Samuel F. Morrison, 2003","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/5bfec06960a94373aa1cd96c_aspace_c743ccec3d05c5322743fd3ac0088c44#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_c743ccec3d05c5322743fd3ac0088c44","ref_ssm":["aspace_c743ccec3d05c5322743fd3ac0088c44","aspace_c743ccec3d05c5322743fd3ac0088c44"],"id":"5bfec06960a94373aa1cd96c_aspace_c743ccec3d05c5322743fd3ac0088c44","title_filing_ssi":"Henderson Mental Health Center newsletter: Board member profile, Samuel F. Morrison","title_ssm":["Henderson Mental Health Center newsletter: Board member profile, Samuel F. Morrison"],"title_tesim":["Henderson Mental Health Center newsletter: Board member profile, Samuel F. Morrison"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["2003"],"normalized_date_ssm":["2003"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Henderson Mental Health Center newsletter: Board member profile, Samuel F. Morrison, 2003"],"text":["Henderson Mental Health Center newsletter: Board member profile, Samuel F. Morrison, 2003","Samuel F. Morrison Collection, Circa 1936-2021","Printed Materials","General","/repositories/2/archival_objects/3059","box 17","folder 26"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["5bfec06960a94373aa1cd96c","5bfec06960a94373aa1cd96c_aspace_1df4619bb4b3f9301c74b4946784b4dc","5bfec06960a94373aa1cd96c_aspace_33b40bf218eadac9cc8a2973a3003104"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Samuel F. Morrison Collection, Circa 1936-2021","Printed Materials","General"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Samuel F. Morrison Collection, Circa 1936-2021","Printed Materials","General"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Subseries"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/2/archival_objects/3059"],"repository_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Samuel F. Morrison Collection, Circa 1936-2021"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":407,"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The Samuel F. 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Morrison Collection, Circa 1936-2021","Morrison, Samuel F., 1936- -- Correspondence","African American librarians","Library directors","Public libraries -- Florida -- Fort Lauderdale","Public libraries -- Florida -- Frostproof","Photographs","Certificates","plaques (flat objects)","scrapbooks","Clippings","Ephemera","Periodicals","videocassettes","Sound recordings","The collection is arranged into 9 series: Series I. Correspondence, Series II. Professional Papers, Series III. Personal Papers, Series IV. Photographs and Scrapbooks, Series V. Printed Materials, Series VI. Awards, Series VII. Ephemera, Series VIII. Artwork, and Series IX. Audio-Visual Materials.","Samuel F. Morrison was born in Flagstaff, Arizona on December 19, 1936 to parents Travis Morrison (1909-1953) and Esther Porter (1919-circa 2000). He had one sister, Pearl Lorraine Morrison Pitts (1938-1964). His father divorced Esther and married his second wife Ruth Swain (1911-1990). Morrison was primarily raised in Phoenix, Arizona. His family moved several times due to his father's job at munitions plants. He graduated from Compton High School in Los Angeles, California in 1952. Morrison earned an associate degree from Compton Junior College in 1955. Morrison entered the United States Air Force and served from 1955 to 1959. For three of those years in the service, he was stationed in Morocco and helped manage the library on the Air Force base. In 1970, he received his bachelor's degree in English from California State University. Morrison earned a Master's degree in Library Science from the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign in 1972 and attended the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University completing coursework in 1989. ","From 1972-1974, Morrison worked as a library director at the Frostproof Living Learning Library Center in Frostproof, Florida. He built a library and initiated outreach services for the African American and Hispanic migrant communities. In 1974, Morrison became the assistant director of Broward County Library in Broward County, Florida and served as deputy director from 1976-1987. He assisted in the growth of Broward County Library from 2 branches to 25 branches during this time. He also managed the formation of the new Main Library branch in downtown Fort Lauderdale, Florida.","Morrison lead in the construction of the Chicago Public Library's Harold Washington Library Center and became the library's chief director from 1987 to 1990. In 1990, Morrison returned to Broward County as director of Broward County Library and worked in that position until his retirement in 2003. Under his leadership, Broward County Library was awarded \"Library of the Year\" in 1996 and grew to 38 branches. During his tenure as director, Morrison fundraised for the creation of the African American Research Library and Cultural Center, which serves as a public library as well as a special collections research center dedicated to the history and culture of the African diaspora. He attended the library's groundbreaking ceremony on October 23, 1999 and opening day on October 26, 2002.","Samuel F. Morrison actively participated in local and national organizations during his career. He served in the Fort Lauderdale Chapter of the NAACP, Urban League of Broward County, Florida Library Association (FLA), and American Library Association (ALA). He was president of the Florida Library Association in 1981. Morrison received awards and recognition including the FLA Lifetime Achievement Award, DEMCO/ALA Black Caucus Award for Excellence in Librarianship, Leadership Foundation Broward \"Leader of the Year\" Award, and the African American Achievers Award.","Morrison married Judith Moore in 1964 and divorced in 1985. He and his former wife had no children.\n ","This collection received file level processing. The finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection.","View a selection of digitized materials from the Samuel F. Morrison Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives.","The Samuel F. Morrison Collection is comprised of materials primarily dating from the 1970s to 2010s including correspondence, books, professional and personal papers, photographs, scrapbooks, plaques, ephemera, artwork, vinyl records, and VHS tapes. These materials document the professional and personal life of librarian Samuel F. Morrison, the creation of the Broward County Library's African American Research Library and Cultural Center, and the establishment of the Chicago Public Library's Harold Washington Library Center. The collection also contains materials related to Morrison's roles as director of the Frostproof Living Learning Library Center in Frostproof, Florida from 1972 to 1974, the assistant/deputy director of Broward County Library in Broward County, Florida from 1974 to 1987, the Chicago Public Library's Harold Washington Library Center's chief director from 1987 to 1990, and Director of the Broward County Library from 1990 to 2003. Also included are items related to Morrison's participation and leadership in local and national organizations.","Books from the Morrison collection were cataloged in the Broward County Library catalog with the prefix \"SFM\".","The Samuel F. Morrison Collection is open for research.","The Samuel F. Morrison Collection contains materials primarily dating from the 1970s to 2010s that document the professional and personal life of librarian Samuel F. Morrison, the creation of the Broward County Library's African American Research Library and Cultural Center, and the Chicago Public Library's Harold Washington Library Center.","AARLCC Special Collections","Broward County Library","African American Research Library and Cultural Center","Chicago Public Library. Harold Washington Library Center","Morrison, Samuel F., 1936-","English"],"unitid_tesim":["AARLCC.2003.27","/repositories/2/resources/28"],"normalized_date_ssm":["Circa 1936-2021"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Samuel F. Morrison Collection, Circa 1936-2021"],"collection_title_tesim":["Samuel F. Morrison Collection, Circa 1936-2021"],"collection_ssim":["Samuel F. Morrison Collection, Circa 1936-2021"],"repository_ssm":["AARLCC Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["The Samuel F. 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Morrison donated the materials to the AARLCC Special Collections."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Morrison, Samuel F., 1936- -- Correspondence","African American librarians","Library directors","Public libraries -- Florida -- Fort Lauderdale","Public libraries -- Florida -- Frostproof","Photographs","Certificates","plaques (flat objects)","scrapbooks","Clippings","Ephemera","Periodicals","videocassettes","Sound recordings"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Morrison, Samuel F., 1936- -- Correspondence","African American librarians","Library directors","Public libraries -- Florida -- Fort Lauderdale","Public libraries -- Florida -- Frostproof","Photographs","Certificates","plaques (flat objects)","scrapbooks","Clippings","Ephemera","Periodicals","videocassettes","Sound recordings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["67 Hollinger Boxes"],"extent_tesim":["67 Hollinger Boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs","Certificates","plaques (flat objects)","scrapbooks","Clippings","Ephemera","Periodicals","videocassettes","Sound recordings"],"date_range_isim":[1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into 9 series: Series I. Correspondence, Series II. Professional Papers, Series III. Personal Papers, Series IV. Photographs and Scrapbooks, Series V. Printed Materials, Series VI. Awards, Series VII. Ephemera, Series VIII. Artwork, and Series IX. Audio-Visual Materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into 9 series: Series I. Correspondence, Series II. Professional Papers, Series III. Personal Papers, Series IV. Photographs and Scrapbooks, Series V. Printed Materials, Series VI. Awards, Series VII. Ephemera, Series VIII. Artwork, and Series IX. Audio-Visual Materials."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSamuel F. Morrison was born in Flagstaff, Arizona on December 19, 1936 to parents Travis Morrison (1909-1953) and Esther Porter (1919-circa 2000). He had one sister, Pearl Lorraine Morrison Pitts (1938-1964). His father divorced Esther and married his second wife Ruth Swain (1911-1990). Morrison was primarily raised in Phoenix, Arizona. His family moved several times due to his father's job at munitions plants. He graduated from Compton High School in Los Angeles, California in 1952. Morrison earned an associate degree from Compton Junior College in 1955. Morrison entered the United States Air Force and served from 1955 to 1959. For three of those years in the service, he was stationed in Morocco and helped manage the library on the Air Force base. In 1970, he received his bachelor's degree in English from California State University. Morrison earned a Master's degree in Library Science from the University of Illinois at Urbana\u0026#x2013;Champaign in 1972 and attended the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University completing coursework in 1989. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrom 1972-1974, Morrison worked as a library director at the Frostproof Living Learning Library Center in Frostproof, Florida. He built a library and initiated outreach services for the African American and Hispanic migrant communities. In 1974, Morrison became the assistant director of Broward County Library in Broward County, Florida and served as deputy director from 1976-1987. He assisted in the growth of Broward County Library from 2 branches to 25 branches during this time. He also managed the formation of the new Main Library branch in downtown Fort Lauderdale, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMorrison lead in the construction of the Chicago Public Library's Harold Washington Library Center and became the library's chief director from 1987 to 1990. In 1990, Morrison returned to Broward County as director of Broward County Library and worked in that position until his retirement in 2003. Under his leadership, Broward County Library was awarded \"Library of the Year\" in 1996 and grew to 38 branches. During his tenure as director, Morrison fundraised for the creation of the African American Research Library and Cultural Center, which serves as a public library as well as a special collections research center dedicated to the history and culture of the African diaspora. He attended the library's groundbreaking ceremony on October 23, 1999 and opening day on October 26, 2002.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSamuel F. Morrison actively participated in local and national organizations during his career. He served in the Fort Lauderdale Chapter of the NAACP, Urban League of Broward County, Florida Library Association (FLA), and American Library Association (ALA). He was president of the Florida Library Association in 1981. Morrison received awards and recognition including the FLA Lifetime Achievement Award, DEMCO/ALA Black Caucus Award for Excellence in Librarianship, Leadership Foundation Broward \"Leader of the Year\" Award, and the African American Achievers Award.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMorrison married Judith Moore in 1964 and divorced in 1985. He and his former wife had no children.\n \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Samuel F. Morrison was born in Flagstaff, Arizona on December 19, 1936 to parents Travis Morrison (1909-1953) and Esther Porter (1919-circa 2000). He had one sister, Pearl Lorraine Morrison Pitts (1938-1964). His father divorced Esther and married his second wife Ruth Swain (1911-1990). Morrison was primarily raised in Phoenix, Arizona. His family moved several times due to his father's job at munitions plants. He graduated from Compton High School in Los Angeles, California in 1952. Morrison earned an associate degree from Compton Junior College in 1955. Morrison entered the United States Air Force and served from 1955 to 1959. For three of those years in the service, he was stationed in Morocco and helped manage the library on the Air Force base. In 1970, he received his bachelor's degree in English from California State University. Morrison earned a Master's degree in Library Science from the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign in 1972 and attended the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University completing coursework in 1989. ","From 1972-1974, Morrison worked as a library director at the Frostproof Living Learning Library Center in Frostproof, Florida. He built a library and initiated outreach services for the African American and Hispanic migrant communities. In 1974, Morrison became the assistant director of Broward County Library in Broward County, Florida and served as deputy director from 1976-1987. He assisted in the growth of Broward County Library from 2 branches to 25 branches during this time. He also managed the formation of the new Main Library branch in downtown Fort Lauderdale, Florida.","Morrison lead in the construction of the Chicago Public Library's Harold Washington Library Center and became the library's chief director from 1987 to 1990. In 1990, Morrison returned to Broward County as director of Broward County Library and worked in that position until his retirement in 2003. Under his leadership, Broward County Library was awarded \"Library of the Year\" in 1996 and grew to 38 branches. During his tenure as director, Morrison fundraised for the creation of the African American Research Library and Cultural Center, which serves as a public library as well as a special collections research center dedicated to the history and culture of the African diaspora. He attended the library's groundbreaking ceremony on October 23, 1999 and opening day on October 26, 2002.","Samuel F. Morrison actively participated in local and national organizations during his career. He served in the Fort Lauderdale Chapter of the NAACP, Urban League of Broward County, Florida Library Association (FLA), and American Library Association (ALA). He was president of the Florida Library Association in 1981. Morrison received awards and recognition including the FLA Lifetime Achievement Award, DEMCO/ALA Black Caucus Award for Excellence in Librarianship, Leadership Foundation Broward \"Leader of the Year\" Award, and the African American Achievers Award.","Morrison married Judith Moore in 1964 and divorced in 1985. He and his former wife had no children.\n "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSamuel F. Morrison Collection, African American Research Library and Cultural Center, Broward County Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Samuel F. Morrison Collection, African American Research Library and Cultural Center, Broward County Library."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection received file level processing. The finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This collection received file level processing. The finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://digitalarchives.broward.org/digital/collection/p16146coll26/search\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eView a selection of digitized materials from the Samuel F. Morrison Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Digitized Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["View a selection of digitized materials from the Samuel F. Morrison Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Samuel F. Morrison Collection is comprised of materials primarily dating from the 1970s to 2010s including correspondence, books, professional and personal papers, photographs, scrapbooks, plaques, ephemera, artwork, vinyl records, and VHS tapes. These materials document the professional and personal life of librarian Samuel F. Morrison, the creation of the Broward County Library's African American Research Library and Cultural Center, and the establishment of the Chicago Public Library's Harold Washington Library Center. The collection also contains materials related to Morrison's roles as director of the Frostproof Living Learning Library Center in Frostproof, Florida from 1972 to 1974, the assistant/deputy director of Broward County Library in Broward County, Florida from 1974 to 1987, the Chicago Public Library's Harold Washington Library Center's chief director from 1987 to 1990, and Director of the Broward County Library from 1990 to 2003. Also included are items related to Morrison's participation and leadership in local and national organizations.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Samuel F. Morrison Collection is comprised of materials primarily dating from the 1970s to 2010s including correspondence, books, professional and personal papers, photographs, scrapbooks, plaques, ephemera, artwork, vinyl records, and VHS tapes. These materials document the professional and personal life of librarian Samuel F. Morrison, the creation of the Broward County Library's African American Research Library and Cultural Center, and the establishment of the Chicago Public Library's Harold Washington Library Center. The collection also contains materials related to Morrison's roles as director of the Frostproof Living Learning Library Center in Frostproof, Florida from 1972 to 1974, the assistant/deputy director of Broward County Library in Broward County, Florida from 1974 to 1987, the Chicago Public Library's Harold Washington Library Center's chief director from 1987 to 1990, and Director of the Broward County Library from 1990 to 2003. Also included are items related to Morrison's participation and leadership in local and national organizations."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://broward.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBooks from the Morrison collection were cataloged in the Broward County Library catalog with the prefix \"SFM\".\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Books from the Morrison collection were cataloged in the Broward County Library catalog with the prefix \"SFM\"."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Samuel F. Morrison Collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Samuel F. Morrison Collection is open for research."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e2606958532f5daaff3ca0844861a4b4\"\u003eThe Samuel F. Morrison Collection contains materials primarily dating from the 1970s to 2010s that document the professional and personal life of librarian Samuel F. Morrison, the creation of the Broward County Library's African American Research Library and Cultural Center, and the Chicago Public Library's Harold Washington Library Center.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Samuel F. Morrison Collection contains materials primarily dating from the 1970s to 2010s that document the professional and personal life of librarian Samuel F. Morrison, the creation of the Broward County Library's African American Research Library and Cultural Center, and the Chicago Public Library's Harold Washington Library Center."],"names_coll_ssim":["Broward County Library","African American Research Library and Cultural Center","Chicago Public Library. Harold Washington Library Center","Morrison, Samuel F., 1936-"],"names_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections","Broward County Library","African American Research Library and Cultural Center","Chicago Public Library. Harold Washington Library Center","Morrison, Samuel F., 1936-"],"corpname_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections","Broward County Library","African American Research Library and Cultural Center","Chicago Public Library. 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DRI By County","/repositories/2/archival_objects/39160","Hendry County (Fla.)","English"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["83f92d0a0a882d51dcaee274","83f92d0a0a882d51dcaee274_aspace_4e3bf8a45946b4982ecaae808264c1d6"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Southwest Florida Regional Planning Council Collection, 1920-2020","Misc. DRI By County"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Southwest Florida Regional Planning Council Collection, 1920-2020","Misc. 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In 1958, Okraski graduated from Clarkson University with a B.S. in Electrical Engineering. He later received a master's degree in engineering from the University of Florida. After graduating from Clarkson University, Okraski joined Link Aviation in Binghampton, New York, where he worked as a field engineer. In 1962, Okraski joined the Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division (then known as the Naval Training Device Center) in Port Washington, New York, working as a GS-11 electrical engineer specializing in field support for naval aviation simulators. Three years later, the Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division moved from Port Washington to Orlando, Florida, where Okraski moved up in ranks, becoming the Senior Executive Service as Director of Research and Engineering, Deputy Technical Director, and Chief Scientist. During this time, he also served on multiple NATO study groups. In 1994, Okraski retired from government service.   ","Post-retirement, Okraski served as a chairman of the board for the National Center for Simulations, which he co-founded, from 1993 to 2003. He was also an adjunct faculty member at the University of Central Florida, where he assisted with developing simulation academic programs, and at Rollins College. He earned several awards for his extensive work in the simulation and modeling industry, including the National Society of Professional Engineers Federal Engineer of the Year award, the Golden Knight Award from Clarkson University, and the Navy Civilian Meritorious and Superior Service awards. In 2015, Okraski was inducted into the Modeling and Simulation Hall of Fame.   ","As of 2023, Okraski serves as the President and Chief Executive Officer of Henry C. Okraski and Associates, a consulting company to the modeling and simulation industry. He is also a member of the National Center for Simulation board of directors and is chairman of the NCS Education and Workforce Development Committee. He resides in Winter Park, Florida.","Processed by and finding aid prepared by Simone DeLuque in 2023.","Other materials related to NASA and the Space Program can be found in  Wagar Space collection  and  Florida Ephemera collection . In addition, an oral history with Hank Okraski can be found in  RICHES .","The Henry Okraski collection on modeling and simulation, 1948-2019 (bulk 1961-2007), documents the history of the Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division and the history of the modeling and simulation field. The collection consists of correspondence, informational and instruction booklets, technical and progress reports, pamphlets, programs, newspaper clippings, articles, overhead projector transparencies, 35 mm projector slides, and a CD. The overhead projector transparencies cover a wide variety of simulation and modeling topics such as advancements made in the field, benefits of use, and graphics of how the simulators work. The 35 mm projector slides contain images of simulators and the machines in use. The photographs contain images of early flight simulators in use. The collection also includes materials related to Henry \"Hank\" Okraski's professional life and achievements, and a small number of biographical materials related to Luis De Florez, an influential figure in the modeling and simulation industry.","Books donated with the Henry Okraski collection on modeling and simulation have been cataloged individually. Please search the Library Catalog using the series Henry Okraski collection on Modeling and Simulation.","Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","The Henry Okraski collection on modeling and simulation, 1948-2019 (bulk 1961-2007), documents the history of the Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division and the history of the modeling and simulation field. The collection consists of correspondence, informational and instruction booklets, technical and progress reports, pamphlets, programs, newspaper clippings, articles, overhead projector transparencies, 35 mm projector slides, and a CD. The overhead projector transparencies cover a wide variety of simulation and modeling topics such as advancements made in the field, benefits of use, and graphics of how the simulators work. The 35 mm projector slides contain images of simulators and the machines in use. The photographs contain images of early flight simulators in use. The collection also includes materials related to Henry \"Hank\" Okraski's professional life and achievements, and a small number of biographical materials related to Luis De Florez, an influential figure in the modeling and simulation industry. \n\nHenry \"Hank\" Carl Okraski was born on January 2, 1936 in Utica, New York to Andrew and Helen Okraski. In 1958, Okraski graduated from Clarkson University with a B.S.  in Electrical Engineering. He later received a master's degree in engineering from the University of Florida. After graduating from Clarkson University, Okraski joined Link Aviation in Binghampton, New York, where he worked as a field engineer. In 1962, Okraski joined the Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division (then known as the Naval Training Device Center) in Port Washington, New York, working as a GS-11 electrical engineer specializing in field support for naval aviation simulators. Okraski moved up in ranks, becoming the Senior Executive Service as Director of Research and Engineering, Deputy Technical Director, and Chief Scientist. During this time, he also served on multiple NATO study groups. In 1994, Okraski retired from government service.  Post-retirement, he served as a chairman of the board for the National Center for Simulations, which he co-founded, from 1993 to 2003. He was also an adjunct faculty member at the University of Central Florida, where he assisted with developing simulation academic programs, and at Rollins College.","UCF Special Collections","Naval Air Warfare Center (U.S.)","Naval Air Warfare Center (U.S.). Training Systems Division -- History","Okraski, Henry C. (Henry Carl), 1936-","De Florez, Luis, 1889-1962","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 151","/repositories/4/resources/300"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1948-2019, bulk 1961-2007"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Henry Okraski Modeling and Simulation collection, 1948-2019, bulk 1961-2007"],"collection_title_tesim":["Henry Okraski Modeling and Simulation collection, 1948-2019, bulk 1961-2007"],"collection_ssim":["Henry Okraski Modeling and Simulation collection, 1948-2019, bulk 1961-2007"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"creator_ssm":["Okraski, Henry C. (Henry Carl), 1936-"],"creator_ssim":["Okraski, Henry C. (Henry Carl), 1936-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Okraski, Henry C. (Henry Carl), 1936-"],"creators_ssim":["Okraski, Henry C. (Henry Carl), 1936-"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Henry Okraski in 2022 (Accession no. CFM2022_02)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Flight simulator industry","Computer simulation","Simulation methods","Study and teaching (Higher) -- Simulation methods","Engineers","correspondence","newspaper clippings","photographs","reports","compact discs","transparencies"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Flight simulator industry","Computer simulation","Simulation methods","Study and teaching (Higher) -- Simulation methods","Engineers","correspondence","newspaper clippings","photographs","reports","compact discs","transparencies"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3.5 Linear Feet 4 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["3.5 Linear Feet 4 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["correspondence","newspaper clippings","photographs","reports","compact discs","transparencies"],"date_range_isim":[1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged by subject and record type.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged by subject and record type."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHenry \"Hank\" Carl Okraski was born on January 2, 1936 in Utica, New York to Andrew and Helen Okraski. In 1958, Okraski graduated from Clarkson University with a B.S. in Electrical Engineering. He later received a master's degree in engineering from the University of Florida. After graduating from Clarkson University, Okraski joined Link Aviation in Binghampton, New York, where he worked as a field engineer. In 1962, Okraski joined the Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division (then known as the Naval Training Device Center) in Port Washington, New York, working as a GS-11 electrical engineer specializing in field support for naval aviation simulators. Three years later, the Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division moved from Port Washington to Orlando, Florida, where Okraski moved up in ranks, becoming the Senior Executive Service as Director of Research and Engineering, Deputy Technical Director, and Chief Scientist. During this time, he also served on multiple NATO study groups. In 1994, Okraski retired from government service.\u0026#x202F;\u0026#x202F; \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePost-retirement, Okraski served as a chairman of the board for the National Center for Simulations, which he co-founded, from 1993 to 2003. He was also an adjunct faculty member at the University of Central Florida, where he assisted with developing simulation academic programs, and at Rollins College. He earned several awards for his extensive work in the simulation and modeling industry, including the National Society of Professional Engineers Federal Engineer of the Year award, the Golden Knight Award from Clarkson University, and the Navy Civilian Meritorious and Superior Service awards. In 2015, Okraski was inducted into the Modeling and Simulation Hall of Fame.\u0026#x202F;\u0026#x202F; \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAs of 2023, Okraski serves as the President and Chief Executive Officer of Henry C. Okraski and Associates, a consulting company to the modeling and simulation industry. He is also a member of the National Center for Simulation board of directors and is chairman of the NCS Education and Workforce Development Committee. He resides in Winter Park, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Henry \"Hank\" Carl Okraski was born on January 2, 1936 in Utica, New York to Andrew and Helen Okraski. In 1958, Okraski graduated from Clarkson University with a B.S. in Electrical Engineering. He later received a master's degree in engineering from the University of Florida. After graduating from Clarkson University, Okraski joined Link Aviation in Binghampton, New York, where he worked as a field engineer. In 1962, Okraski joined the Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division (then known as the Naval Training Device Center) in Port Washington, New York, working as a GS-11 electrical engineer specializing in field support for naval aviation simulators. Three years later, the Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division moved from Port Washington to Orlando, Florida, where Okraski moved up in ranks, becoming the Senior Executive Service as Director of Research and Engineering, Deputy Technical Director, and Chief Scientist. During this time, he also served on multiple NATO study groups. In 1994, Okraski retired from government service.   ","Post-retirement, Okraski served as a chairman of the board for the National Center for Simulations, which he co-founded, from 1993 to 2003. He was also an adjunct faculty member at the University of Central Florida, where he assisted with developing simulation academic programs, and at Rollins College. He earned several awards for his extensive work in the simulation and modeling industry, including the National Society of Professional Engineers Federal Engineer of the Year award, the Golden Knight Award from Clarkson University, and the Navy Civilian Meritorious and Superior Service awards. In 2015, Okraski was inducted into the Modeling and Simulation Hall of Fame.   ","As of 2023, Okraski serves as the President and Chief Executive Officer of Henry C. Okraski and Associates, a consulting company to the modeling and simulation industry. He is also a member of the National Center for Simulation board of directors and is chairman of the NCS Education and Workforce Development Committee. He resides in Winter Park, Florida."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Henry Okraski collection on modeling and simulation, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Henry Okraski collection on modeling and simulation, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by and finding aid prepared by Simone DeLuque in 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by and finding aid prepared by Simone DeLuque in 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOther materials related to NASA and the Space Program can be found in\u0026#x202F;\u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM1973-06\"\u003eWagar Space collection\u003c/extref\u003e\u0026#x202F;and\u0026#x202F;\u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM1999-06\"\u003eFlorida Ephemera collection\u003c/extref\u003e. In addition, an oral history with Hank Okraski can be found in \u003cextref href=\"https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/items/show/4130\"\u003eRICHES\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Other materials related to NASA and the Space Program can be found in  Wagar Space collection  and  Florida Ephemera collection . In addition, an oral history with Hank Okraski can be found in  RICHES ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Henry Okraski collection on modeling and simulation, 1948-2019 (bulk 1961-2007), documents the history of the Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division and the history of the modeling and simulation field. The collection consists of correspondence, informational and instruction booklets, technical and progress reports, pamphlets, programs, newspaper clippings, articles, overhead projector transparencies, 35 mm projector slides, and a CD. The overhead projector transparencies cover a wide variety of simulation and modeling topics such as advancements made in the field, benefits of use, and graphics of how the simulators work. The 35 mm projector slides contain images of simulators and the machines in use. The photographs contain images of early flight simulators in use. The collection also includes materials related to Henry \"Hank\" Okraski's professional life and achievements, and a small number of biographical materials related to Luis De Florez, an influential figure in the modeling and simulation industry.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Henry Okraski collection on modeling and simulation, 1948-2019 (bulk 1961-2007), documents the history of the Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division and the history of the modeling and simulation field. The collection consists of correspondence, informational and instruction booklets, technical and progress reports, pamphlets, programs, newspaper clippings, articles, overhead projector transparencies, 35 mm projector slides, and a CD. The overhead projector transparencies cover a wide variety of simulation and modeling topics such as advancements made in the field, benefits of use, and graphics of how the simulators work. The 35 mm projector slides contain images of simulators and the machines in use. The photographs contain images of early flight simulators in use. The collection also includes materials related to Henry \"Hank\" Okraski's professional life and achievements, and a small number of biographical materials related to Luis De Florez, an influential figure in the modeling and simulation industry."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBooks donated with the Henry Okraski collection on modeling and simulation have been cataloged individually. Please search the Library Catalog using the series Henry Okraski collection on Modeling and Simulation.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Books donated with the Henry Okraski collection on modeling and simulation have been cataloged individually. Please search the Library Catalog using the series Henry Okraski collection on Modeling and Simulation."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Copyright Statement"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_2ae05d996b991476cc79b35d14d17fd2\"\u003eThe Henry Okraski collection on modeling and simulation, 1948-2019 (bulk 1961-2007), documents the history of the Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division and the history of the modeling and simulation field. The collection consists of correspondence, informational and instruction booklets, technical and progress reports, pamphlets, programs, newspaper clippings, articles, overhead projector transparencies, 35 mm projector slides, and a CD. The overhead projector transparencies cover a wide variety of simulation and modeling topics such as advancements made in the field, benefits of use, and graphics of how the simulators work. The 35 mm projector slides contain images of simulators and the machines in use. The photographs contain images of early flight simulators in use. The collection also includes materials related to Henry \"Hank\" Okraski's professional life and achievements, and a small number of biographical materials related to Luis De Florez, an influential figure in the modeling and simulation industry. \n\nHenry \"Hank\" Carl Okraski was born on January 2, 1936 in Utica, New York to Andrew and Helen Okraski. In 1958, Okraski graduated from Clarkson University with a B.S.\u0026#x202F; in Electrical Engineering. He later received a master's degree in engineering from the University of Florida. After graduating from Clarkson University, Okraski joined Link Aviation in Binghampton, New York, where he worked as a field engineer. In 1962, Okraski joined the Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division (then known as the Naval Training Device Center) in Port Washington, New York, working as a GS-11 electrical engineer specializing in field support for naval aviation simulators. Okraski moved up in ranks, becoming the Senior Executive Service as Director of Research and Engineering, Deputy Technical Director, and Chief Scientist. During this time, he also served on multiple NATO study groups. In 1994, Okraski retired from government service.\u0026#x202F;\u0026#x202F;Post-retirement, he served as a chairman of the board for the National Center for Simulations, which he co-founded, from 1993 to 2003. He was also an adjunct faculty member at the University of Central Florida, where he assisted with developing simulation academic programs, and at Rollins College.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Henry Okraski collection on modeling and simulation, 1948-2019 (bulk 1961-2007), documents the history of the Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division and the history of the modeling and simulation field. The collection consists of correspondence, informational and instruction booklets, technical and progress reports, pamphlets, programs, newspaper clippings, articles, overhead projector transparencies, 35 mm projector slides, and a CD. The overhead projector transparencies cover a wide variety of simulation and modeling topics such as advancements made in the field, benefits of use, and graphics of how the simulators work. The 35 mm projector slides contain images of simulators and the machines in use. The photographs contain images of early flight simulators in use. The collection also includes materials related to Henry \"Hank\" Okraski's professional life and achievements, and a small number of biographical materials related to Luis De Florez, an influential figure in the modeling and simulation industry. \n\nHenry \"Hank\" Carl Okraski was born on January 2, 1936 in Utica, New York to Andrew and Helen Okraski. In 1958, Okraski graduated from Clarkson University with a B.S.  in Electrical Engineering. He later received a master's degree in engineering from the University of Florida. After graduating from Clarkson University, Okraski joined Link Aviation in Binghampton, New York, where he worked as a field engineer. In 1962, Okraski joined the Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division (then known as the Naval Training Device Center) in Port Washington, New York, working as a GS-11 electrical engineer specializing in field support for naval aviation simulators. Okraski moved up in ranks, becoming the Senior Executive Service as Director of Research and Engineering, Deputy Technical Director, and Chief Scientist. During this time, he also served on multiple NATO study groups. In 1994, Okraski retired from government service.  Post-retirement, he served as a chairman of the board for the National Center for Simulations, which he co-founded, from 1993 to 2003. He was also an adjunct faculty member at the University of Central Florida, where he assisted with developing simulation academic programs, and at Rollins College."],"names_coll_ssim":["Naval Air Warfare Center (U.S.)","Naval Air Warfare Center (U.S.). Training Systems Division -- History","De Florez, Luis, 1889-1962"],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Naval Air Warfare Center (U.S.)","Naval Air Warfare Center (U.S.). Training Systems Division -- History","Okraski, Henry C. (Henry Carl), 1936-","De Florez, Luis, 1889-1962"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Naval Air Warfare Center (U.S.)","Naval Air Warfare Center (U.S.). Training Systems Division -- History"],"persname_ssim":["Okraski, Henry C. (Henry Carl), 1936-","De Florez, Luis, 1889-1962"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":20,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1877289988574412800,"_root_":"d60bf256dbfa09406dbdc09e","timestamp":"2026-09-25T08:00:46.550Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/d60bf256dbfa09406dbdc09e_aspace_40432fa581397bddc10209f9c91b767a"}},{"id":"d60bf256dbfa09406dbdc09e","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Henry Okraski Modeling and Simulation collection, 1948-2019, bulk 1961-2007","creator":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/d60bf256dbfa09406dbdc09e#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["Okraski, Henry C. (Henry Carl), 1936-"],"label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/d60bf256dbfa09406dbdc09e#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["The Henry Okraski collection on modeling and simulation, 1948-2019 (bulk 1961-2007), documents the history of the Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division and the history of the modeling and simulation field. The collection consists of correspondence, informational and instruction booklets, technical and progress reports, pamphlets, programs, newspaper clippings, articles, overhead projector transparencies, 35 mm projector slides, and a CD. The overhead projector transparencies cover a wide variety of simulation and modeling topics such as advancements made in the field, benefits of use, and graphics of how the simulators work. The 35 mm projector slides contain images of simulators and the machines in use. The photographs contain images of early flight simulators in use. The collection also includes materials related to Henry \"Hank\" Okraski's professional life and achievements, and a small number of biographical materials related to Luis De Florez, an influential figure in the modeling and simulation industry. Henry \"Hank\" Carl Okraski was born on January 2, 1936 in Utica, New York to Andrew and Helen Okraski. In 1958, Okraski graduated from Clarkson University with a B.S.  in Electrical Engineering. He later received a master's degree in engineering from the University of Florida. After graduating from Clarkson University, Okraski joined Link Aviation in Binghampton, New York, where he worked as a field engineer. In 1962, Okraski joined the Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division (then known as the Naval Training Device Center) in Port Washington, New York, working as a GS-11 electrical engineer specializing in field support for naval aviation simulators. Okraski moved up in ranks, becoming the Senior Executive Service as Director of Research and Engineering, Deputy Technical Director, and Chief Scientist. During this time, he also served on multiple NATO study groups. In 1994, Okraski retired from government service.  Post-retirement, he served as a chairman of the board for the National Center for Simulations, which he co-founded, from 1993 to 2003. He was also an adjunct faculty member at the University of Central Florida, where he assisted with developing simulation academic programs, and at Rollins College."],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/d60bf256dbfa09406dbdc09e#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"d60bf256dbfa09406dbdc09e","title_ssm":["Henry Okraski Modeling and Simulation collection"],"title_tesim":["Henry Okraski Modeling and Simulation collection"],"ead_ssi":"d60bf256dbfa09406dbdc09e","unitdate_ssm":["1948-2019","1961-2007"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1961-2007"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1948-2019"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 151","/repositories/4/resources/300"],"text":["SC 151","/repositories/4/resources/300","Henry Okraski Modeling and Simulation collection, 1948-2019, bulk 1961-2007","Flight simulator industry","Computer simulation","Simulation methods","Study and teaching (Higher) -- Simulation methods","Engineers","correspondence","newspaper clippings","photographs","reports","compact discs","transparencies","The entire collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged by subject and record type.","Henry \"Hank\" Carl Okraski was born on January 2, 1936 in Utica, New York to Andrew and Helen Okraski. In 1958, Okraski graduated from Clarkson University with a B.S. in Electrical Engineering. He later received a master's degree in engineering from the University of Florida. After graduating from Clarkson University, Okraski joined Link Aviation in Binghampton, New York, where he worked as a field engineer. In 1962, Okraski joined the Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division (then known as the Naval Training Device Center) in Port Washington, New York, working as a GS-11 electrical engineer specializing in field support for naval aviation simulators. Three years later, the Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division moved from Port Washington to Orlando, Florida, where Okraski moved up in ranks, becoming the Senior Executive Service as Director of Research and Engineering, Deputy Technical Director, and Chief Scientist. During this time, he also served on multiple NATO study groups. In 1994, Okraski retired from government service.   ","Post-retirement, Okraski served as a chairman of the board for the National Center for Simulations, which he co-founded, from 1993 to 2003. He was also an adjunct faculty member at the University of Central Florida, where he assisted with developing simulation academic programs, and at Rollins College. He earned several awards for his extensive work in the simulation and modeling industry, including the National Society of Professional Engineers Federal Engineer of the Year award, the Golden Knight Award from Clarkson University, and the Navy Civilian Meritorious and Superior Service awards. In 2015, Okraski was inducted into the Modeling and Simulation Hall of Fame.   ","As of 2023, Okraski serves as the President and Chief Executive Officer of Henry C. Okraski and Associates, a consulting company to the modeling and simulation industry. He is also a member of the National Center for Simulation board of directors and is chairman of the NCS Education and Workforce Development Committee. He resides in Winter Park, Florida.","Processed by and finding aid prepared by Simone DeLuque in 2023.","Other materials related to NASA and the Space Program can be found in  Wagar Space collection  and  Florida Ephemera collection . In addition, an oral history with Hank Okraski can be found in  RICHES .","The Henry Okraski collection on modeling and simulation, 1948-2019 (bulk 1961-2007), documents the history of the Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division and the history of the modeling and simulation field. The collection consists of correspondence, informational and instruction booklets, technical and progress reports, pamphlets, programs, newspaper clippings, articles, overhead projector transparencies, 35 mm projector slides, and a CD. The overhead projector transparencies cover a wide variety of simulation and modeling topics such as advancements made in the field, benefits of use, and graphics of how the simulators work. The 35 mm projector slides contain images of simulators and the machines in use. The photographs contain images of early flight simulators in use. The collection also includes materials related to Henry \"Hank\" Okraski's professional life and achievements, and a small number of biographical materials related to Luis De Florez, an influential figure in the modeling and simulation industry.","Books donated with the Henry Okraski collection on modeling and simulation have been cataloged individually. Please search the Library Catalog using the series Henry Okraski collection on Modeling and Simulation.","Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","The Henry Okraski collection on modeling and simulation, 1948-2019 (bulk 1961-2007), documents the history of the Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division and the history of the modeling and simulation field. The collection consists of correspondence, informational and instruction booklets, technical and progress reports, pamphlets, programs, newspaper clippings, articles, overhead projector transparencies, 35 mm projector slides, and a CD. The overhead projector transparencies cover a wide variety of simulation and modeling topics such as advancements made in the field, benefits of use, and graphics of how the simulators work. The 35 mm projector slides contain images of simulators and the machines in use. The photographs contain images of early flight simulators in use. The collection also includes materials related to Henry \"Hank\" Okraski's professional life and achievements, and a small number of biographical materials related to Luis De Florez, an influential figure in the modeling and simulation industry. \n\nHenry \"Hank\" Carl Okraski was born on January 2, 1936 in Utica, New York to Andrew and Helen Okraski. In 1958, Okraski graduated from Clarkson University with a B.S.  in Electrical Engineering. He later received a master's degree in engineering from the University of Florida. After graduating from Clarkson University, Okraski joined Link Aviation in Binghampton, New York, where he worked as a field engineer. In 1962, Okraski joined the Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division (then known as the Naval Training Device Center) in Port Washington, New York, working as a GS-11 electrical engineer specializing in field support for naval aviation simulators. Okraski moved up in ranks, becoming the Senior Executive Service as Director of Research and Engineering, Deputy Technical Director, and Chief Scientist. During this time, he also served on multiple NATO study groups. In 1994, Okraski retired from government service.  Post-retirement, he served as a chairman of the board for the National Center for Simulations, which he co-founded, from 1993 to 2003. He was also an adjunct faculty member at the University of Central Florida, where he assisted with developing simulation academic programs, and at Rollins College.","UCF Special Collections","Naval Air Warfare Center (U.S.)","Naval Air Warfare Center (U.S.). Training Systems Division -- History","Okraski, Henry C. (Henry Carl), 1936-","De Florez, Luis, 1889-1962","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 151","/repositories/4/resources/300"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1948-2019, bulk 1961-2007"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Henry Okraski Modeling and Simulation collection, 1948-2019, bulk 1961-2007"],"collection_title_tesim":["Henry Okraski Modeling and Simulation collection, 1948-2019, bulk 1961-2007"],"collection_ssim":["Henry Okraski Modeling and Simulation collection, 1948-2019, bulk 1961-2007"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"creator_ssm":["Okraski, Henry C. (Henry Carl), 1936-"],"creator_ssim":["Okraski, Henry C. (Henry Carl), 1936-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Okraski, Henry C. (Henry Carl), 1936-"],"creators_ssim":["Okraski, Henry C. (Henry Carl), 1936-"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Henry Okraski in 2022 (Accession no. CFM2022_02)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Flight simulator industry","Computer simulation","Simulation methods","Study and teaching (Higher) -- Simulation methods","Engineers","correspondence","newspaper clippings","photographs","reports","compact discs","transparencies"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Flight simulator industry","Computer simulation","Simulation methods","Study and teaching (Higher) -- Simulation methods","Engineers","correspondence","newspaper clippings","photographs","reports","compact discs","transparencies"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3.5 Linear Feet 4 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["3.5 Linear Feet 4 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["correspondence","newspaper clippings","photographs","reports","compact discs","transparencies"],"date_range_isim":[1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged by subject and record type.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged by subject and record type."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHenry \"Hank\" Carl Okraski was born on January 2, 1936 in Utica, New York to Andrew and Helen Okraski. In 1958, Okraski graduated from Clarkson University with a B.S. in Electrical Engineering. He later received a master's degree in engineering from the University of Florida. After graduating from Clarkson University, Okraski joined Link Aviation in Binghampton, New York, where he worked as a field engineer. In 1962, Okraski joined the Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division (then known as the Naval Training Device Center) in Port Washington, New York, working as a GS-11 electrical engineer specializing in field support for naval aviation simulators. Three years later, the Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division moved from Port Washington to Orlando, Florida, where Okraski moved up in ranks, becoming the Senior Executive Service as Director of Research and Engineering, Deputy Technical Director, and Chief Scientist. During this time, he also served on multiple NATO study groups. In 1994, Okraski retired from government service.\u0026#x202F;\u0026#x202F; \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePost-retirement, Okraski served as a chairman of the board for the National Center for Simulations, which he co-founded, from 1993 to 2003. He was also an adjunct faculty member at the University of Central Florida, where he assisted with developing simulation academic programs, and at Rollins College. He earned several awards for his extensive work in the simulation and modeling industry, including the National Society of Professional Engineers Federal Engineer of the Year award, the Golden Knight Award from Clarkson University, and the Navy Civilian Meritorious and Superior Service awards. In 2015, Okraski was inducted into the Modeling and Simulation Hall of Fame.\u0026#x202F;\u0026#x202F; \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAs of 2023, Okraski serves as the President and Chief Executive Officer of Henry C. Okraski and Associates, a consulting company to the modeling and simulation industry. He is also a member of the National Center for Simulation board of directors and is chairman of the NCS Education and Workforce Development Committee. He resides in Winter Park, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Henry \"Hank\" Carl Okraski was born on January 2, 1936 in Utica, New York to Andrew and Helen Okraski. In 1958, Okraski graduated from Clarkson University with a B.S. in Electrical Engineering. He later received a master's degree in engineering from the University of Florida. After graduating from Clarkson University, Okraski joined Link Aviation in Binghampton, New York, where he worked as a field engineer. In 1962, Okraski joined the Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division (then known as the Naval Training Device Center) in Port Washington, New York, working as a GS-11 electrical engineer specializing in field support for naval aviation simulators. Three years later, the Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division moved from Port Washington to Orlando, Florida, where Okraski moved up in ranks, becoming the Senior Executive Service as Director of Research and Engineering, Deputy Technical Director, and Chief Scientist. During this time, he also served on multiple NATO study groups. In 1994, Okraski retired from government service.   ","Post-retirement, Okraski served as a chairman of the board for the National Center for Simulations, which he co-founded, from 1993 to 2003. He was also an adjunct faculty member at the University of Central Florida, where he assisted with developing simulation academic programs, and at Rollins College. He earned several awards for his extensive work in the simulation and modeling industry, including the National Society of Professional Engineers Federal Engineer of the Year award, the Golden Knight Award from Clarkson University, and the Navy Civilian Meritorious and Superior Service awards. In 2015, Okraski was inducted into the Modeling and Simulation Hall of Fame.   ","As of 2023, Okraski serves as the President and Chief Executive Officer of Henry C. Okraski and Associates, a consulting company to the modeling and simulation industry. He is also a member of the National Center for Simulation board of directors and is chairman of the NCS Education and Workforce Development Committee. He resides in Winter Park, Florida."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Henry Okraski collection on modeling and simulation, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Henry Okraski collection on modeling and simulation, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by and finding aid prepared by Simone DeLuque in 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by and finding aid prepared by Simone DeLuque in 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOther materials related to NASA and the Space Program can be found in\u0026#x202F;\u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM1973-06\"\u003eWagar Space collection\u003c/extref\u003e\u0026#x202F;and\u0026#x202F;\u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM1999-06\"\u003eFlorida Ephemera collection\u003c/extref\u003e. In addition, an oral history with Hank Okraski can be found in \u003cextref href=\"https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/items/show/4130\"\u003eRICHES\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Other materials related to NASA and the Space Program can be found in  Wagar Space collection  and  Florida Ephemera collection . In addition, an oral history with Hank Okraski can be found in  RICHES ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Henry Okraski collection on modeling and simulation, 1948-2019 (bulk 1961-2007), documents the history of the Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division and the history of the modeling and simulation field. The collection consists of correspondence, informational and instruction booklets, technical and progress reports, pamphlets, programs, newspaper clippings, articles, overhead projector transparencies, 35 mm projector slides, and a CD. The overhead projector transparencies cover a wide variety of simulation and modeling topics such as advancements made in the field, benefits of use, and graphics of how the simulators work. The 35 mm projector slides contain images of simulators and the machines in use. The photographs contain images of early flight simulators in use. The collection also includes materials related to Henry \"Hank\" Okraski's professional life and achievements, and a small number of biographical materials related to Luis De Florez, an influential figure in the modeling and simulation industry.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Henry Okraski collection on modeling and simulation, 1948-2019 (bulk 1961-2007), documents the history of the Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division and the history of the modeling and simulation field. The collection consists of correspondence, informational and instruction booklets, technical and progress reports, pamphlets, programs, newspaper clippings, articles, overhead projector transparencies, 35 mm projector slides, and a CD. The overhead projector transparencies cover a wide variety of simulation and modeling topics such as advancements made in the field, benefits of use, and graphics of how the simulators work. The 35 mm projector slides contain images of simulators and the machines in use. The photographs contain images of early flight simulators in use. The collection also includes materials related to Henry \"Hank\" Okraski's professional life and achievements, and a small number of biographical materials related to Luis De Florez, an influential figure in the modeling and simulation industry."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBooks donated with the Henry Okraski collection on modeling and simulation have been cataloged individually. Please search the Library Catalog using the series Henry Okraski collection on Modeling and Simulation.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Books donated with the Henry Okraski collection on modeling and simulation have been cataloged individually. Please search the Library Catalog using the series Henry Okraski collection on Modeling and Simulation."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Copyright Statement"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_2ae05d996b991476cc79b35d14d17fd2\"\u003eThe Henry Okraski collection on modeling and simulation, 1948-2019 (bulk 1961-2007), documents the history of the Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division and the history of the modeling and simulation field. The collection consists of correspondence, informational and instruction booklets, technical and progress reports, pamphlets, programs, newspaper clippings, articles, overhead projector transparencies, 35 mm projector slides, and a CD. The overhead projector transparencies cover a wide variety of simulation and modeling topics such as advancements made in the field, benefits of use, and graphics of how the simulators work. The 35 mm projector slides contain images of simulators and the machines in use. The photographs contain images of early flight simulators in use. The collection also includes materials related to Henry \"Hank\" Okraski's professional life and achievements, and a small number of biographical materials related to Luis De Florez, an influential figure in the modeling and simulation industry. \n\nHenry \"Hank\" Carl Okraski was born on January 2, 1936 in Utica, New York to Andrew and Helen Okraski. In 1958, Okraski graduated from Clarkson University with a B.S.\u0026#x202F; in Electrical Engineering. He later received a master's degree in engineering from the University of Florida. After graduating from Clarkson University, Okraski joined Link Aviation in Binghampton, New York, where he worked as a field engineer. In 1962, Okraski joined the Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division (then known as the Naval Training Device Center) in Port Washington, New York, working as a GS-11 electrical engineer specializing in field support for naval aviation simulators. Okraski moved up in ranks, becoming the Senior Executive Service as Director of Research and Engineering, Deputy Technical Director, and Chief Scientist. During this time, he also served on multiple NATO study groups. In 1994, Okraski retired from government service.\u0026#x202F;\u0026#x202F;Post-retirement, he served as a chairman of the board for the National Center for Simulations, which he co-founded, from 1993 to 2003. He was also an adjunct faculty member at the University of Central Florida, where he assisted with developing simulation academic programs, and at Rollins College.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Henry Okraski collection on modeling and simulation, 1948-2019 (bulk 1961-2007), documents the history of the Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division and the history of the modeling and simulation field. The collection consists of correspondence, informational and instruction booklets, technical and progress reports, pamphlets, programs, newspaper clippings, articles, overhead projector transparencies, 35 mm projector slides, and a CD. The overhead projector transparencies cover a wide variety of simulation and modeling topics such as advancements made in the field, benefits of use, and graphics of how the simulators work. The 35 mm projector slides contain images of simulators and the machines in use. The photographs contain images of early flight simulators in use. The collection also includes materials related to Henry \"Hank\" Okraski's professional life and achievements, and a small number of biographical materials related to Luis De Florez, an influential figure in the modeling and simulation industry. \n\nHenry \"Hank\" Carl Okraski was born on January 2, 1936 in Utica, New York to Andrew and Helen Okraski. In 1958, Okraski graduated from Clarkson University with a B.S.  in Electrical Engineering. He later received a master's degree in engineering from the University of Florida. After graduating from Clarkson University, Okraski joined Link Aviation in Binghampton, New York, where he worked as a field engineer. In 1962, Okraski joined the Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division (then known as the Naval Training Device Center) in Port Washington, New York, working as a GS-11 electrical engineer specializing in field support for naval aviation simulators. Okraski moved up in ranks, becoming the Senior Executive Service as Director of Research and Engineering, Deputy Technical Director, and Chief Scientist. During this time, he also served on multiple NATO study groups. In 1994, Okraski retired from government service.  Post-retirement, he served as a chairman of the board for the National Center for Simulations, which he co-founded, from 1993 to 2003. He was also an adjunct faculty member at the University of Central Florida, where he assisted with developing simulation academic programs, and at Rollins College."],"names_coll_ssim":["Naval Air Warfare Center (U.S.)","Naval Air Warfare Center (U.S.). Training Systems Division -- History","De Florez, Luis, 1889-1962"],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Naval Air Warfare Center (U.S.)","Naval Air Warfare Center (U.S.). Training Systems Division -- History","Okraski, Henry C. (Henry Carl), 1936-","De Florez, Luis, 1889-1962"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Naval Air Warfare Center (U.S.)","Naval Air Warfare Center (U.S.). Training Systems Division -- History"],"persname_ssim":["Okraski, Henry C. (Henry Carl), 1936-","De Florez, Luis, 1889-1962"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":20,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1877289988574412800,"_root_":"d60bf256dbfa09406dbdc09e","timestamp":"2026-09-25T08:00:46.550Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"d60bf256dbfa09406dbdc09e","title_ssm":["Henry Okraski Modeling and Simulation collection"],"title_tesim":["Henry Okraski Modeling and Simulation collection"],"ead_ssi":"d60bf256dbfa09406dbdc09e","unitdate_ssm":["1948-2019","1961-2007"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1961-2007"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1948-2019"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 151","/repositories/4/resources/300"],"text":["SC 151","/repositories/4/resources/300","Henry Okraski Modeling and Simulation collection, 1948-2019, bulk 1961-2007","Flight simulator industry","Computer simulation","Simulation methods","Study and teaching (Higher) -- Simulation methods","Engineers","correspondence","newspaper clippings","photographs","reports","compact discs","transparencies","The entire collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged by subject and record type.","Henry \"Hank\" Carl Okraski was born on January 2, 1936 in Utica, New York to Andrew and Helen Okraski. In 1958, Okraski graduated from Clarkson University with a B.S. in Electrical Engineering. He later received a master's degree in engineering from the University of Florida. After graduating from Clarkson University, Okraski joined Link Aviation in Binghampton, New York, where he worked as a field engineer. In 1962, Okraski joined the Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division (then known as the Naval Training Device Center) in Port Washington, New York, working as a GS-11 electrical engineer specializing in field support for naval aviation simulators. Three years later, the Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division moved from Port Washington to Orlando, Florida, where Okraski moved up in ranks, becoming the Senior Executive Service as Director of Research and Engineering, Deputy Technical Director, and Chief Scientist. During this time, he also served on multiple NATO study groups. In 1994, Okraski retired from government service.   ","Post-retirement, Okraski served as a chairman of the board for the National Center for Simulations, which he co-founded, from 1993 to 2003. He was also an adjunct faculty member at the University of Central Florida, where he assisted with developing simulation academic programs, and at Rollins College. He earned several awards for his extensive work in the simulation and modeling industry, including the National Society of Professional Engineers Federal Engineer of the Year award, the Golden Knight Award from Clarkson University, and the Navy Civilian Meritorious and Superior Service awards. In 2015, Okraski was inducted into the Modeling and Simulation Hall of Fame.   ","As of 2023, Okraski serves as the President and Chief Executive Officer of Henry C. Okraski and Associates, a consulting company to the modeling and simulation industry. He is also a member of the National Center for Simulation board of directors and is chairman of the NCS Education and Workforce Development Committee. He resides in Winter Park, Florida.","Processed by and finding aid prepared by Simone DeLuque in 2023.","Other materials related to NASA and the Space Program can be found in  Wagar Space collection  and  Florida Ephemera collection . In addition, an oral history with Hank Okraski can be found in  RICHES .","The Henry Okraski collection on modeling and simulation, 1948-2019 (bulk 1961-2007), documents the history of the Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division and the history of the modeling and simulation field. The collection consists of correspondence, informational and instruction booklets, technical and progress reports, pamphlets, programs, newspaper clippings, articles, overhead projector transparencies, 35 mm projector slides, and a CD. The overhead projector transparencies cover a wide variety of simulation and modeling topics such as advancements made in the field, benefits of use, and graphics of how the simulators work. The 35 mm projector slides contain images of simulators and the machines in use. The photographs contain images of early flight simulators in use. The collection also includes materials related to Henry \"Hank\" Okraski's professional life and achievements, and a small number of biographical materials related to Luis De Florez, an influential figure in the modeling and simulation industry.","Books donated with the Henry Okraski collection on modeling and simulation have been cataloged individually. Please search the Library Catalog using the series Henry Okraski collection on Modeling and Simulation.","Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","The Henry Okraski collection on modeling and simulation, 1948-2019 (bulk 1961-2007), documents the history of the Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division and the history of the modeling and simulation field. The collection consists of correspondence, informational and instruction booklets, technical and progress reports, pamphlets, programs, newspaper clippings, articles, overhead projector transparencies, 35 mm projector slides, and a CD. The overhead projector transparencies cover a wide variety of simulation and modeling topics such as advancements made in the field, benefits of use, and graphics of how the simulators work. The 35 mm projector slides contain images of simulators and the machines in use. The photographs contain images of early flight simulators in use. The collection also includes materials related to Henry \"Hank\" Okraski's professional life and achievements, and a small number of biographical materials related to Luis De Florez, an influential figure in the modeling and simulation industry. \n\nHenry \"Hank\" Carl Okraski was born on January 2, 1936 in Utica, New York to Andrew and Helen Okraski. In 1958, Okraski graduated from Clarkson University with a B.S.  in Electrical Engineering. He later received a master's degree in engineering from the University of Florida. After graduating from Clarkson University, Okraski joined Link Aviation in Binghampton, New York, where he worked as a field engineer. In 1962, Okraski joined the Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division (then known as the Naval Training Device Center) in Port Washington, New York, working as a GS-11 electrical engineer specializing in field support for naval aviation simulators. Okraski moved up in ranks, becoming the Senior Executive Service as Director of Research and Engineering, Deputy Technical Director, and Chief Scientist. During this time, he also served on multiple NATO study groups. In 1994, Okraski retired from government service.  Post-retirement, he served as a chairman of the board for the National Center for Simulations, which he co-founded, from 1993 to 2003. He was also an adjunct faculty member at the University of Central Florida, where he assisted with developing simulation academic programs, and at Rollins College.","UCF Special Collections","Naval Air Warfare Center (U.S.)","Naval Air Warfare Center (U.S.). Training Systems Division -- History","Okraski, Henry C. (Henry Carl), 1936-","De Florez, Luis, 1889-1962","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 151","/repositories/4/resources/300"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1948-2019, bulk 1961-2007"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Henry Okraski Modeling and Simulation collection, 1948-2019, bulk 1961-2007"],"collection_title_tesim":["Henry Okraski Modeling and Simulation collection, 1948-2019, bulk 1961-2007"],"collection_ssim":["Henry Okraski Modeling and Simulation collection, 1948-2019, bulk 1961-2007"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"creator_ssm":["Okraski, Henry C. (Henry Carl), 1936-"],"creator_ssim":["Okraski, Henry C. (Henry Carl), 1936-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Okraski, Henry C. (Henry Carl), 1936-"],"creators_ssim":["Okraski, Henry C. (Henry Carl), 1936-"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. 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CFM2022_02)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Flight simulator industry","Computer simulation","Simulation methods","Study and teaching (Higher) -- Simulation methods","Engineers","correspondence","newspaper clippings","photographs","reports","compact discs","transparencies"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Flight simulator industry","Computer simulation","Simulation methods","Study and teaching (Higher) -- Simulation methods","Engineers","correspondence","newspaper clippings","photographs","reports","compact discs","transparencies"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3.5 Linear Feet 4 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["3.5 Linear Feet 4 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["correspondence","newspaper clippings","photographs","reports","compact discs","transparencies"],"date_range_isim":[1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged by subject and record type.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged by subject and record type."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHenry \"Hank\" Carl Okraski was born on January 2, 1936 in Utica, New York to Andrew and Helen Okraski. In 1958, Okraski graduated from Clarkson University with a B.S. in Electrical Engineering. He later received a master's degree in engineering from the University of Florida. After graduating from Clarkson University, Okraski joined Link Aviation in Binghampton, New York, where he worked as a field engineer. In 1962, Okraski joined the Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division (then known as the Naval Training Device Center) in Port Washington, New York, working as a GS-11 electrical engineer specializing in field support for naval aviation simulators. Three years later, the Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division moved from Port Washington to Orlando, Florida, where Okraski moved up in ranks, becoming the Senior Executive Service as Director of Research and Engineering, Deputy Technical Director, and Chief Scientist. During this time, he also served on multiple NATO study groups. In 1994, Okraski retired from government service.\u0026#x202F;\u0026#x202F; \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePost-retirement, Okraski served as a chairman of the board for the National Center for Simulations, which he co-founded, from 1993 to 2003. He was also an adjunct faculty member at the University of Central Florida, where he assisted with developing simulation academic programs, and at Rollins College. He earned several awards for his extensive work in the simulation and modeling industry, including the National Society of Professional Engineers Federal Engineer of the Year award, the Golden Knight Award from Clarkson University, and the Navy Civilian Meritorious and Superior Service awards. In 2015, Okraski was inducted into the Modeling and Simulation Hall of Fame.\u0026#x202F;\u0026#x202F; \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAs of 2023, Okraski serves as the President and Chief Executive Officer of Henry C. Okraski and Associates, a consulting company to the modeling and simulation industry. He is also a member of the National Center for Simulation board of directors and is chairman of the NCS Education and Workforce Development Committee. He resides in Winter Park, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Henry \"Hank\" Carl Okraski was born on January 2, 1936 in Utica, New York to Andrew and Helen Okraski. In 1958, Okraski graduated from Clarkson University with a B.S. in Electrical Engineering. He later received a master's degree in engineering from the University of Florida. After graduating from Clarkson University, Okraski joined Link Aviation in Binghampton, New York, where he worked as a field engineer. In 1962, Okraski joined the Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division (then known as the Naval Training Device Center) in Port Washington, New York, working as a GS-11 electrical engineer specializing in field support for naval aviation simulators. Three years later, the Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division moved from Port Washington to Orlando, Florida, where Okraski moved up in ranks, becoming the Senior Executive Service as Director of Research and Engineering, Deputy Technical Director, and Chief Scientist. During this time, he also served on multiple NATO study groups. In 1994, Okraski retired from government service.   ","Post-retirement, Okraski served as a chairman of the board for the National Center for Simulations, which he co-founded, from 1993 to 2003. He was also an adjunct faculty member at the University of Central Florida, where he assisted with developing simulation academic programs, and at Rollins College. He earned several awards for his extensive work in the simulation and modeling industry, including the National Society of Professional Engineers Federal Engineer of the Year award, the Golden Knight Award from Clarkson University, and the Navy Civilian Meritorious and Superior Service awards. In 2015, Okraski was inducted into the Modeling and Simulation Hall of Fame.   ","As of 2023, Okraski serves as the President and Chief Executive Officer of Henry C. Okraski and Associates, a consulting company to the modeling and simulation industry. He is also a member of the National Center for Simulation board of directors and is chairman of the NCS Education and Workforce Development Committee. He resides in Winter Park, Florida."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Henry Okraski collection on modeling and simulation, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Henry Okraski collection on modeling and simulation, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by and finding aid prepared by Simone DeLuque in 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by and finding aid prepared by Simone DeLuque in 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOther materials related to NASA and the Space Program can be found in\u0026#x202F;\u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM1973-06\"\u003eWagar Space collection\u003c/extref\u003e\u0026#x202F;and\u0026#x202F;\u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM1999-06\"\u003eFlorida Ephemera collection\u003c/extref\u003e. In addition, an oral history with Hank Okraski can be found in \u003cextref href=\"https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/items/show/4130\"\u003eRICHES\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Other materials related to NASA and the Space Program can be found in  Wagar Space collection  and  Florida Ephemera collection . In addition, an oral history with Hank Okraski can be found in  RICHES ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Henry Okraski collection on modeling and simulation, 1948-2019 (bulk 1961-2007), documents the history of the Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division and the history of the modeling and simulation field. The collection consists of correspondence, informational and instruction booklets, technical and progress reports, pamphlets, programs, newspaper clippings, articles, overhead projector transparencies, 35 mm projector slides, and a CD. The overhead projector transparencies cover a wide variety of simulation and modeling topics such as advancements made in the field, benefits of use, and graphics of how the simulators work. The 35 mm projector slides contain images of simulators and the machines in use. The photographs contain images of early flight simulators in use. The collection also includes materials related to Henry \"Hank\" Okraski's professional life and achievements, and a small number of biographical materials related to Luis De Florez, an influential figure in the modeling and simulation industry.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Henry Okraski collection on modeling and simulation, 1948-2019 (bulk 1961-2007), documents the history of the Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division and the history of the modeling and simulation field. The collection consists of correspondence, informational and instruction booklets, technical and progress reports, pamphlets, programs, newspaper clippings, articles, overhead projector transparencies, 35 mm projector slides, and a CD. The overhead projector transparencies cover a wide variety of simulation and modeling topics such as advancements made in the field, benefits of use, and graphics of how the simulators work. The 35 mm projector slides contain images of simulators and the machines in use. The photographs contain images of early flight simulators in use. The collection also includes materials related to Henry \"Hank\" Okraski's professional life and achievements, and a small number of biographical materials related to Luis De Florez, an influential figure in the modeling and simulation industry."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBooks donated with the Henry Okraski collection on modeling and simulation have been cataloged individually. Please search the Library Catalog using the series Henry Okraski collection on Modeling and Simulation.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Books donated with the Henry Okraski collection on modeling and simulation have been cataloged individually. Please search the Library Catalog using the series Henry Okraski collection on Modeling and Simulation."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Copyright Statement"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_2ae05d996b991476cc79b35d14d17fd2\"\u003eThe Henry Okraski collection on modeling and simulation, 1948-2019 (bulk 1961-2007), documents the history of the Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division and the history of the modeling and simulation field. The collection consists of correspondence, informational and instruction booklets, technical and progress reports, pamphlets, programs, newspaper clippings, articles, overhead projector transparencies, 35 mm projector slides, and a CD. The overhead projector transparencies cover a wide variety of simulation and modeling topics such as advancements made in the field, benefits of use, and graphics of how the simulators work. The 35 mm projector slides contain images of simulators and the machines in use. The photographs contain images of early flight simulators in use. The collection also includes materials related to Henry \"Hank\" Okraski's professional life and achievements, and a small number of biographical materials related to Luis De Florez, an influential figure in the modeling and simulation industry. \n\nHenry \"Hank\" Carl Okraski was born on January 2, 1936 in Utica, New York to Andrew and Helen Okraski. In 1958, Okraski graduated from Clarkson University with a B.S.\u0026#x202F; in Electrical Engineering. He later received a master's degree in engineering from the University of Florida. After graduating from Clarkson University, Okraski joined Link Aviation in Binghampton, New York, where he worked as a field engineer. In 1962, Okraski joined the Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division (then known as the Naval Training Device Center) in Port Washington, New York, working as a GS-11 electrical engineer specializing in field support for naval aviation simulators. Okraski moved up in ranks, becoming the Senior Executive Service as Director of Research and Engineering, Deputy Technical Director, and Chief Scientist. During this time, he also served on multiple NATO study groups. In 1994, Okraski retired from government service.\u0026#x202F;\u0026#x202F;Post-retirement, he served as a chairman of the board for the National Center for Simulations, which he co-founded, from 1993 to 2003. He was also an adjunct faculty member at the University of Central Florida, where he assisted with developing simulation academic programs, and at Rollins College.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Henry Okraski collection on modeling and simulation, 1948-2019 (bulk 1961-2007), documents the history of the Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division and the history of the modeling and simulation field. The collection consists of correspondence, informational and instruction booklets, technical and progress reports, pamphlets, programs, newspaper clippings, articles, overhead projector transparencies, 35 mm projector slides, and a CD. The overhead projector transparencies cover a wide variety of simulation and modeling topics such as advancements made in the field, benefits of use, and graphics of how the simulators work. The 35 mm projector slides contain images of simulators and the machines in use. The photographs contain images of early flight simulators in use. The collection also includes materials related to Henry \"Hank\" Okraski's professional life and achievements, and a small number of biographical materials related to Luis De Florez, an influential figure in the modeling and simulation industry. \n\nHenry \"Hank\" Carl Okraski was born on January 2, 1936 in Utica, New York to Andrew and Helen Okraski. In 1958, Okraski graduated from Clarkson University with a B.S.  in Electrical Engineering. He later received a master's degree in engineering from the University of Florida. After graduating from Clarkson University, Okraski joined Link Aviation in Binghampton, New York, where he worked as a field engineer. In 1962, Okraski joined the Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division (then known as the Naval Training Device Center) in Port Washington, New York, working as a GS-11 electrical engineer specializing in field support for naval aviation simulators. Okraski moved up in ranks, becoming the Senior Executive Service as Director of Research and Engineering, Deputy Technical Director, and Chief Scientist. During this time, he also served on multiple NATO study groups. In 1994, Okraski retired from government service.  Post-retirement, he served as a chairman of the board for the National Center for Simulations, which he co-founded, from 1993 to 2003. He was also an adjunct faculty member at the University of Central Florida, where he assisted with developing simulation academic programs, and at Rollins College."],"names_coll_ssim":["Naval Air Warfare Center (U.S.)","Naval Air Warfare Center (U.S.). Training Systems Division -- History","De Florez, Luis, 1889-1962"],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Naval Air Warfare Center (U.S.)","Naval Air Warfare Center (U.S.). Training Systems Division -- History","Okraski, Henry C. (Henry Carl), 1936-","De Florez, Luis, 1889-1962"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Naval Air Warfare Center (U.S.)","Naval Air Warfare Center (U.S.). Training Systems Division -- History"],"persname_ssim":["Okraski, Henry C. (Henry Carl), 1936-","De Florez, Luis, 1889-1962"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":20,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1877289988574412800,"_root_":"d60bf256dbfa09406dbdc09e","timestamp":"2026-09-25T08:00:46.550Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/d60bf256dbfa09406dbdc09e"}},{"id":"b08d655e55275dc65640661b_aspace_09fd09e2fdbdf6c73e58c22feec3e871","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Herald Tribune Florida West section, 2003","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/b08d655e55275dc65640661b_aspace_09fd09e2fdbdf6c73e58c22feec3e871#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_09fd09e2fdbdf6c73e58c22feec3e871","ref_ssm":["aspace_09fd09e2fdbdf6c73e58c22feec3e871","aspace_09fd09e2fdbdf6c73e58c22feec3e871"],"id":"b08d655e55275dc65640661b_aspace_09fd09e2fdbdf6c73e58c22feec3e871","title_filing_ssi":"Herald Tribune Florida West section","title_ssm":["Herald Tribune Florida West section"],"title_tesim":["Herald Tribune Florida West section"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["2003"],"normalized_date_ssm":["2003"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Herald Tribune Florida West section, 2003"],"text":["Herald Tribune Florida West section, 2003","Peace River Valley Citrus Groves Collection, 1993-2017","Newspapers, magazines, articles, clippings, 1993-2012","/repositories/3/archival_objects/24404","box 1","folder 3"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["b08d655e55275dc65640661b","b08d655e55275dc65640661b_aspace_61cefd40cf7255cf78061121b75fbca9"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Peace River Valley Citrus Groves Collection, 1993-2017","Newspapers, magazines, articles, clippings, 1993-2012"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Peace River Valley Citrus Groves Collection, 1993-2017","Newspapers, magazines, articles, clippings, 1993-2012"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/3/archival_objects/24404"],"repository_ssim":["Thomas B. Mack Florida Citrus Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Peace River Valley Citrus Groves Collection, 1993-2017"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":16,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to this collection."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The Peace River Valley Citrus Groves Collection is owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).","Please inquire if you have questions - archives@flsouthern.edu"],"date_range_isim":[2003],"containers_ssim":["box 1","folder 3"],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#3","_nest_parent_":"b08d655e55275dc65640661b_aspace_61cefd40cf7255cf78061121b75fbca9","_root_":"b08d655e55275dc65640661b","_version_":1870852029207805952,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T06:32:09.969Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"b08d655e55275dc65640661b","title_filing_ssi":"Peace River Valley Citrus Groves Collection","title_ssm":["Peace River Valley Citrus Groves Collection"],"title_tesim":["Peace River Valley Citrus Groves Collection"],"ead_ssi":"b08d655e55275dc65640661b","unitdate_ssm":["1993-2017"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1993-2017"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["CIT6070","/repositories/3/resources/117"],"text":["CIT6070","/repositories/3/resources/117","Peace River Valley Citrus Groves Collection, 1993-2017","Citrus","Citrus fruits--Packing","Citrus industry--Florida--History","Citrus fruits--Harvesting ","Citrus fruits--Processing--Florida","Citrus industry--Florida--Periodicals ","Citrus growers--Florida--History.","Citrus canker--Florida","Citrus fruit industry","Citrus fruit industry--Florida","Citrus fruits--Diseases and pests--Florida","Citrus fruits--Florida--Effect of cold on","Citrus industry--Florida--Effect of weather on","Citrus industry--Florida--Societies, etc.--Records and correspondence","Citrus fruit industry - foreign trade","Citrus--harvesting","Citrus--Florida","Citrus--Diseases and pests--Florida--Prevention and control","Scrapbook journaling ","Newspaper clippings","Newspaper clippings--Florida","This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to this collection.","This collection is divided into the following series: Annual membership and meeting records; Incoming correspondence; Newspapers, magazines, printed articles, and newspaper clippings; Photographs, and Audio/visual materials. There is also 1 scrapbook in Box 4.","The Peace River Valley Citrus Growers Association (PRVCGA) was founded in 1993 for citrus growers in the counties of Hardee and Desoto, Florida. In later years, the PRVCGA expanded further to include Charlotte, Manatee, and Sarasota counties as well. PRVCGA served as a link between commercial citrus growers throughout Florida and elected government officials, and hosted \"roundtable events\" where growers could congregate and share ideas and methods of practice with each other. Barbara Carlton (formerly Barbara Oxford) was the Executive Director of the PRVCGA for 20 years, and she is featured heavily in this collection. She stepped down from her position in 2014. Ten years later, the PRVCGA was officially closed down in February of 2024 due to continuous decline in production and market fluctuations, among other struggles.","This collection contains annual membership and meeting records, photographs, newspapers, magazines, newspaper clippings, audio/visual materials, and photographs of PRVCGA members, events, businesses, and workshops. Any newspaper or magazine articles that mentioned PRVCGA or Barbara Carlton (formerly Barbara Oxford) are included in this collection as either loose clippings or part of the scrapbook. Most of the photographs are candids of events and meetings, however there are several official portraits as well.","The Peace River Valley Citrus Groves Collection is owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).","Please inquire if you have questions - archives@flsouthern.edu","Thomas B. Mack Florida Citrus Archives","English"],"unitid_tesim":["CIT6070","/repositories/3/resources/117"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1993-2017"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Peace River Valley Citrus Groves Collection, 1993-2017"],"collection_title_tesim":["Peace River Valley Citrus Groves Collection, 1993-2017"],"collection_ssim":["Peace River Valley Citrus Groves Collection, 1993-2017"],"repository_ssm":["Thomas B. Mack Florida Citrus Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Thomas B. Mack Florida Citrus Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["The Peace River Valley Citrus Groves Collection is owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).","Please inquire if you have questions - archives@flsouthern.edu"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was gifted to the McKay Archives at the Citrus Hall of Fame Inauguration in 2025. No additional information was initially provided about the collection."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Citrus","Citrus fruits--Packing","Citrus industry--Florida--History","Citrus fruits--Harvesting ","Citrus fruits--Processing--Florida","Citrus industry--Florida--Periodicals ","Citrus growers--Florida--History.","Citrus canker--Florida","Citrus fruit industry","Citrus fruit industry--Florida","Citrus fruits--Diseases and pests--Florida","Citrus fruits--Florida--Effect of cold on","Citrus industry--Florida--Effect of weather on","Citrus industry--Florida--Societies, etc.--Records and correspondence","Citrus fruit industry - foreign trade","Citrus--harvesting","Citrus--Florida","Citrus--Diseases and pests--Florida--Prevention and control","Scrapbook journaling ","Newspaper clippings","Newspaper clippings--Florida"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Citrus","Citrus fruits--Packing","Citrus industry--Florida--History","Citrus fruits--Harvesting ","Citrus fruits--Processing--Florida","Citrus industry--Florida--Periodicals ","Citrus growers--Florida--History.","Citrus canker--Florida","Citrus fruit industry","Citrus fruit industry--Florida","Citrus fruits--Diseases and pests--Florida","Citrus fruits--Florida--Effect of cold on","Citrus industry--Florida--Effect of weather on","Citrus industry--Florida--Societies, etc.--Records and correspondence","Citrus fruit industry - foreign trade","Citrus--harvesting","Citrus--Florida","Citrus--Diseases and pests--Florida--Prevention and control","Scrapbook journaling ","Newspaper clippings","Newspaper clippings--Florida"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3.67 Linear Feet 3 Five Inch Legal Standard Document Boxes and 1 19x25 Oversize Flat Box."],"extent_tesim":["3.67 Linear Feet 3 Five Inch Legal Standard Document Boxes and 1 19x25 Oversize Flat Box."],"genreform_ssim":["Newspaper clippings","Newspaper clippings--Florida"],"date_range_isim":[1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is divided into the following series: Annual membership and meeting records; Incoming correspondence; Newspapers, magazines, printed articles, and newspaper clippings; Photographs, and Audio/visual materials. There is also 1 scrapbook in Box 4.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is divided into the following series: Annual membership and meeting records; Incoming correspondence; Newspapers, magazines, printed articles, and newspaper clippings; Photographs, and Audio/visual materials. There is also 1 scrapbook in Box 4."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Peace River Valley Citrus Growers Association (PRVCGA) was founded in 1993 for citrus growers in the counties of Hardee and Desoto, Florida. In later years, the PRVCGA expanded further to include Charlotte, Manatee, and Sarasota counties as well. PRVCGA served as a link between commercial citrus growers throughout Florida and elected government officials, and hosted \"roundtable events\" where growers could congregate and share ideas and methods of practice with each other. Barbara Carlton (formerly Barbara Oxford) was the Executive Director of the PRVCGA for 20 years, and she is featured heavily in this collection. She stepped down from her position in 2014. Ten years later, the PRVCGA was officially closed down in February of 2024 due to continuous decline in production and market fluctuations, among other struggles.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Peace River Valley Citrus Growers Association (PRVCGA) was founded in 1993 for citrus growers in the counties of Hardee and Desoto, Florida. In later years, the PRVCGA expanded further to include Charlotte, Manatee, and Sarasota counties as well. PRVCGA served as a link between commercial citrus growers throughout Florida and elected government officials, and hosted \"roundtable events\" where growers could congregate and share ideas and methods of practice with each other. Barbara Carlton (formerly Barbara Oxford) was the Executive Director of the PRVCGA for 20 years, and she is featured heavily in this collection. She stepped down from her position in 2014. Ten years later, the PRVCGA was officially closed down in February of 2024 due to continuous decline in production and market fluctuations, among other struggles."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains annual membership and meeting records, photographs, newspapers, magazines, newspaper clippings, audio/visual materials, and photographs of PRVCGA members, events, businesses, and workshops. Any newspaper or magazine articles that mentioned PRVCGA or Barbara Carlton (formerly Barbara Oxford) are included in this collection as either loose clippings or part of the scrapbook. Most of the photographs are candids of events and meetings, however there are several official portraits as well.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains annual membership and meeting records, photographs, newspapers, magazines, newspaper clippings, audio/visual materials, and photographs of PRVCGA members, events, businesses, and workshops. Any newspaper or magazine articles that mentioned PRVCGA or Barbara Carlton (formerly Barbara Oxford) are included in this collection as either loose clippings or part of the scrapbook. Most of the photographs are candids of events and meetings, however there are several official portraits as well."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Peace River Valley Citrus Groves Collection is owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePlease inquire if you have questions - archives@flsouthern.edu\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Peace River Valley Citrus Groves Collection is owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).","Please inquire if you have questions - archives@flsouthern.edu"],"names_ssim":["Thomas B. Mack Florida Citrus Archives"],"corpname_ssim":["Thomas B. Mack Florida Citrus Archives"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":523,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870852029207805952,"_root_":"b08d655e55275dc65640661b","timestamp":"2026-07-16T06:32:09.969Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/b08d655e55275dc65640661b_aspace_09fd09e2fdbdf6c73e58c22feec3e871"}},{"id":"2db22dafab5c8e2ce3a1b082","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Herbert Frederick Rothschild papers, 1944-1945, Date acquired: 03/06/2003","creator":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/2db22dafab5c8e2ce3a1b082#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["Rothschild, Herbert Frederick, 1925-2017"],"label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/2db22dafab5c8e2ce3a1b082#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection relates to Herbert Frederick Rothschild who served as an infantryman in the U.S. Army during World War II in the European Theater (ETO) in the 7th Army (which also included the French 1st Army). Rothschild's service also included the 103rd Infantry Division, 411th Infantry Regiment.  The collection contains a manuscript written by Rothschild. The manuscript consists of letters sent by the author to his family, daily military morning reports at the company level, \"The Story of the 103rd Infantry Division -- Report After Action,\" sketches made by the author in Europe, photographs taken by the author and others in his outfit, military documents, excerpts from military magazines such as \u003cem\u003eYank\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eStars and Stripes\u003c/em\u003e,  related articles selected from history books, military reference books, and military history maps.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/2db22dafab5c8e2ce3a1b082#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"2db22dafab5c8e2ce3a1b082","title_filing_ssi":"Rothschild, Herbert Frederick papers ","title_ssm":["Herbert Frederick Rothschild papers"],"title_tesim":["Herbert Frederick Rothschild papers"],"ead_ssi":"2db22dafab5c8e2ce3a1b082","unitdate_ssm":["1944-1945","Date acquired: 03/06/2003"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1944-1945"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 03/06/2003"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["03.0045","/repositories/10/resources/885"],"text":["03.0045","/repositories/10/resources/885","Herbert Frederick Rothschild papers, 1944-1945, Date acquired: 03/06/2003","Vosges, Battle of the, France, 1945","Siegfried Line (Germany)","United States. Army--History","United States. Army--Military life","United States. Army Ground Forces","Stars and stripes","World War, 1939-1945","World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American","World War, 1939-1945--United States","World War, 1939-1945--Germany--Mainz (Rhineland-Palatinate)","Ardennes, Battle of the, 1944-1945","Operation Nordwind, 1944-1945","World War, 1939-1945--Austria","Concentration camps--Germany","World War, 1939-1945--Concentration camps","War Criminal Prison No. 1 (Landsberg am Lech, Germany)","Italy--History--1945-1976","V-E Day, 1945","This collection is open to all researchers.","Herbert Frederick Rothschild was born on March 20, 1925 and passed away on February 16, 2017. He is buried along side his wife Lucille at Holyrood Catholic Cemetery\nShoreline, King County, WA. 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