{"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1996\u0026page=248","prev":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1996\u0026page=247","next":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1996\u0026page=249","last":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1996\u0026page=598"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":248,"next_page":249,"prev_page":247,"total_pages":598,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":2470,"total_count":5979,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"a5ba771381bd55a02803efce","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Grace Brooks Solomon Papers, 1963-2005","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/a5ba771381bd55a02803efce#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is home to the personal papers of Grace Brooks Solomon, a political activist in Jacksonville, Florida, most notably known for her work during her presidency of the Minority Women's Coalition. These papers provide insight into the professional career and personal life of Grace Brooks Solomon as well as her efforts to memorialize her sister, former Jacksonville City Council Member, Sallye Brooks Mathis. Furthermore, this collection grants a look into the many racial issues and desegregation efforts made by women of color as well as school board members in Florida during the 1980s and 90s.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/a5ba771381bd55a02803efce#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"a5ba771381bd55a02803efce","title_ssm":["Grace Brooks Solomon Papers"],"title_tesim":["Grace Brooks Solomon Papers"],"ead_ssi":"a5ba771381bd55a02803efce","unitdate_ssm":["1963-2005"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1963-2005"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["2017.007","/repositories/3/resources/80"],"text":["2017.007","/repositories/3/resources/80","Grace Brooks Solomon Papers, 1963-2005","The collection is open for research by appointment only. Please contact lib-special@unf.edu to schedule an appointment.","Grace Brooks Solomon, the youngest child of Sallie Adams and Henry Pickens Brooks, was born in 1915 in Jacksonville, Florida. Her formative years transpired within the confines of this city, where she commenced her educational journey at Edward Waters College. As her pursuit of knowledge unfolded, Solomon extended her academic endeavors to Bethune-Cookman College and the Tuskegee Institute, culminating in the attainment of a Bachelor of Science in Education. Subsequently, she further honed her intellectual skills at Atlanta University, obtaining a degree in Library Science. A career in education ensued, with Solomon notably assuming the role of librarian at Rufus E. Payne Elementary School.","Concurrently, her husband, James H. Solomon, imparted his knowledge as an instructor of upholstery at New Stanton Senior High School. A testament to their shared endeavors, James H. Solomon constructed the familial residence that would house many generations to come. Solomon's extended family, inclusive of the McGraths, converges in Alexandria, Virginia, contributing to the broader context of Grace Brooks Solomon's heritage.","Of equal prominence within the family lineage is Sallye B. Mathis, Grace's older sister. A trailblazing figure in the city's history, Mathis was one of Jacksonville's first Black women to serve on the city council. In parallel with her sister, Mathis dedicated a significant portion of her life to the field of education. In 1977, she founded the Minority Women's Coalition (MWC), an organization subsequently presided over by Grace Solomon in 1987 following her sister's passing in 1982. Grace, prior to assuming the presidency, served as the Residential Agent for the MWC.","The articulated objectives of the MWC, as described in its bylaws, underscores its commitment to fostering the holistic development of women, both educationally and professionally, while also encouraging civic engagement. Central to the MWC's mission is the enhancement of educational opportunities through an annual scholarship awards program and the provision of emergency assistance to vulnerable families facing existential threats. ","During her tenure as president in the late 1980s and 1990s, Grace Solomon directed her efforts towards improving racial disparities within the Jacksonville education system. Simultaneously, she emerged as a prominent figure in commemorating the legacy of Sallye B. Mathis, through her leadership in advocating for the renaming of an elementary school in her sister's honor. Grace Brooks Solomon passed at the age of 95 on September 11th, 2010. Her life stands as a testament to a legacy marked by an unwavering commitment to education, civic duty, and the advancement of minority women.","See also: Sallye Brooks Mathis Papers, Thomas G. Carpenter Library, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida.","This collection is home to the personal papers of Grace Brooks Solomon, a political activist in Jacksonville, Florida, most notably known for her work during her presidency of the Minority Women's Coalition. These papers provide insight into the professional career and personal life of Grace Brooks Solomon as well as her efforts to memorialize her sister, former Jacksonville City Council Member, Sallye Brooks Mathis. Furthermore, this collection grants a look into the many racial issues and desegregation efforts made by women of color as well as school board members in Florida during the 1980s and 90s.","Series in this collection include the following:","Series 1 — Education Issues (arranged alphabetically by sub-series)","Sub-Series 1 — Desegregation and Race (arranged chronologically) includes documents pertaining to racial and desegregation issues in schools.","Sub-Series 2 — Northside (arranged chronologically) contains documents pertaining to education concerns on the Northside of Jacksonville.","\nSub-Series 3 — Quality Education (arranged chronologically) includes materials concerning parent, teacher, and community involvement in schools, correspondence, and testing.","Series 2 — Minority Women's Coalition (arranged alphabetically by sub-series).","Sub-Series 1 — Community Outreach (arranged chronologically) relates to the efforts made by the MWC to maintain civic engagement.","Sub-Series 2 — Correspondence (arranged chronologically) is comprised of a variety of correspondence received and sent by Grace Solomon as well as other members of the MWC.","Sub-Series 3 — Financial Records (arranged chronologically) contains records that deal with the MWC's financial history.","Sub-Series 4 — Legal Documents (arranged chronologically) consists of the MWC's legal reports and records.","Sub-Series 5 — Meeting Records (arranged chronologically) includes journals and notes detailing MWC meetings.","Sub-Series 6 — Organizational Records (arranged chronologically) are comprised of contact information and addresses of former members of the MWC and affiliated services.","Series 3 — Miscellaneous (arranged chronologically) consists of flyers, poems, notes regarding the NAACP and a pamphlet.","Series 4 — News Clippings (arranged chronologically) is comprised of various topics such as black history, schools, and church.","Series 5 — Personal (arranged alphabetically by sub-series).","Sub-Series 1 — Correspondence (arranged chronologically) contains holiday and birthday cards to and from people believed to be related to Grace Solomon as well as letters addressed to Solomon.","Sub-Series 2 — Photos (arranged chronologically and by person/family) includes photo prints and negatives of the Solomon and McGrath family, friends, and unknown peoples.","Materials in the collection may be subject to copyright and are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accordance with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). Use of reproductions of copyrighted works in excess of \"fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement and be subject to the civil and criminal penalties of federal law. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for further information.","UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives","English"],"unitid_tesim":["2017.007","/repositories/3/resources/80"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1963-2005"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Grace Brooks Solomon Papers, 1963-2005"],"collection_title_tesim":["Grace Brooks Solomon Papers, 1963-2005"],"collection_ssim":["Grace Brooks Solomon Papers, 1963-2005"],"repository_ssm":["UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives"],"repository_ssim":["UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["Materials in the collection may be subject to copyright and are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accordance with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). Use of reproductions of copyrighted works in excess of \"fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement and be subject to the civil and criminal penalties of federal law. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for further information."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was acquired through donation from Brooke M. Stephens, 2017-07-27 and 2018-12-18."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.58 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["2.58 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research by appointment only. Please contact lib-special@unf.edu to schedule an appointment.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research by appointment only. Please contact lib-special@unf.edu to schedule an appointment."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGrace Brooks Solomon, the youngest child of Sallie Adams and Henry Pickens Brooks, was born in 1915 in Jacksonville, Florida. Her formative years transpired within the confines of this city, where she commenced her educational journey at Edward Waters College. As her pursuit of knowledge unfolded, Solomon extended her academic endeavors to Bethune-Cookman College and the Tuskegee Institute, culminating in the attainment of a Bachelor of Science in Education. Subsequently, she further honed her intellectual skills at Atlanta University, obtaining a degree in Library Science. A career in education ensued, with Solomon notably assuming the role of librarian at Rufus E. Payne Elementary School.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eConcurrently, her husband, James H. Solomon, imparted his knowledge as an instructor of upholstery at New Stanton Senior High School. A testament to their shared endeavors, James H. Solomon constructed the familial residence that would house many generations to come. Solomon's extended family, inclusive of the McGraths, converges in Alexandria, Virginia, contributing to the broader context of Grace Brooks Solomon's heritage.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOf equal prominence within the family lineage is Sallye B. Mathis, Grace's older sister. A trailblazing figure in the city's history, Mathis was one of Jacksonville's first Black women to serve on the city council. In parallel with her sister, Mathis dedicated a significant portion of her life to the field of education. In 1977, she founded the Minority Women's Coalition (MWC), an organization subsequently presided over by Grace Solomon in 1987 following her sister's passing in 1982. Grace, prior to assuming the presidency, served as the Residential Agent for the MWC.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe articulated objectives of the MWC, as described in its bylaws, underscores its commitment to fostering the holistic development of women, both educationally and professionally, while also encouraging civic engagement. Central to the MWC's mission is the enhancement of educational opportunities through an annual scholarship awards program and the provision of emergency assistance to vulnerable families facing existential threats. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring her tenure as president in the late 1980s and 1990s, Grace Solomon directed her efforts towards improving racial disparities within the Jacksonville education system. Simultaneously, she emerged as a prominent figure in commemorating the legacy of Sallye B. Mathis, through her leadership in advocating for the renaming of an elementary school in her sister's honor. Grace Brooks Solomon passed at the age of 95 on September 11th, 2010. Her life stands as a testament to a legacy marked by an unwavering commitment to education, civic duty, and the advancement of minority women.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Grace Brooks Solomon, the youngest child of Sallie Adams and Henry Pickens Brooks, was born in 1915 in Jacksonville, Florida. Her formative years transpired within the confines of this city, where she commenced her educational journey at Edward Waters College. As her pursuit of knowledge unfolded, Solomon extended her academic endeavors to Bethune-Cookman College and the Tuskegee Institute, culminating in the attainment of a Bachelor of Science in Education. Subsequently, she further honed her intellectual skills at Atlanta University, obtaining a degree in Library Science. A career in education ensued, with Solomon notably assuming the role of librarian at Rufus E. Payne Elementary School.","Concurrently, her husband, James H. Solomon, imparted his knowledge as an instructor of upholstery at New Stanton Senior High School. A testament to their shared endeavors, James H. Solomon constructed the familial residence that would house many generations to come. Solomon's extended family, inclusive of the McGraths, converges in Alexandria, Virginia, contributing to the broader context of Grace Brooks Solomon's heritage.","Of equal prominence within the family lineage is Sallye B. Mathis, Grace's older sister. A trailblazing figure in the city's history, Mathis was one of Jacksonville's first Black women to serve on the city council. In parallel with her sister, Mathis dedicated a significant portion of her life to the field of education. In 1977, she founded the Minority Women's Coalition (MWC), an organization subsequently presided over by Grace Solomon in 1987 following her sister's passing in 1982. Grace, prior to assuming the presidency, served as the Residential Agent for the MWC.","The articulated objectives of the MWC, as described in its bylaws, underscores its commitment to fostering the holistic development of women, both educationally and professionally, while also encouraging civic engagement. Central to the MWC's mission is the enhancement of educational opportunities through an annual scholarship awards program and the provision of emergency assistance to vulnerable families facing existential threats. ","During her tenure as president in the late 1980s and 1990s, Grace Solomon directed her efforts towards improving racial disparities within the Jacksonville education system. Simultaneously, she emerged as a prominent figure in commemorating the legacy of Sallye B. Mathis, through her leadership in advocating for the renaming of an elementary school in her sister's honor. Grace Brooks Solomon passed at the age of 95 on September 11th, 2010. Her life stands as a testament to a legacy marked by an unwavering commitment to education, civic duty, and the advancement of minority women."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGrace Brooks Solomon Papers, Thomas G. Carpenter Library, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Grace Brooks Solomon Papers, Thomas G. Carpenter Library, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee also: Sallye Brooks Mathis Papers, Thomas G. Carpenter Library, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See also: Sallye Brooks Mathis Papers, Thomas G. Carpenter Library, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is home to the personal papers of Grace Brooks Solomon, a political activist in Jacksonville, Florida, most notably known for her work during her presidency of the Minority Women's Coalition. These papers provide insight into the professional career and personal life of Grace Brooks Solomon as well as her efforts to memorialize her sister, former Jacksonville City Council Member, Sallye Brooks Mathis. Furthermore, this collection grants a look into the many racial issues and desegregation efforts made by women of color as well as school board members in Florida during the 1980s and 90s.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries in this collection include the following:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1 \u0026#x2014; Education Issues (arranged alphabetically by sub-series)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series 1 \u0026#x2014; Desegregation and Race (arranged chronologically) includes documents pertaining to racial and desegregation issues in schools.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series 2 \u0026#x2014; Northside (arranged chronologically) contains documents pertaining to education concerns on the Northside of Jacksonville.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSub-Series 3 \u0026#x2014; Quality Education (arranged chronologically) includes materials concerning parent, teacher, and community involvement in schools, correspondence, and testing.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2 \u0026#x2014; Minority Women's Coalition (arranged alphabetically by sub-series).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series 1 \u0026#x2014; Community Outreach (arranged chronologically) relates to the efforts made by the MWC to maintain civic engagement.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series 2 \u0026#x2014; Correspondence (arranged chronologically) is comprised of a variety of correspondence received and sent by Grace Solomon as well as other members of the MWC.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series 3 \u0026#x2014; Financial Records (arranged chronologically) contains records that deal with the MWC's financial history.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series 4 \u0026#x2014; Legal Documents (arranged chronologically) consists of the MWC's legal reports and records.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series 5 \u0026#x2014; Meeting Records (arranged chronologically) includes journals and notes detailing MWC meetings.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series 6 \u0026#x2014; Organizational Records (arranged chronologically) are comprised of contact information and addresses of former members of the MWC and affiliated services.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3 \u0026#x2014; Miscellaneous (arranged chronologically) consists of flyers, poems, notes regarding the NAACP and a pamphlet.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4 \u0026#x2014; News Clippings (arranged chronologically) is comprised of various topics such as black history, schools, and church.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5 \u0026#x2014; Personal (arranged alphabetically by sub-series).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series 1 \u0026#x2014; Correspondence (arranged chronologically) contains holiday and birthday cards to and from people believed to be related to Grace Solomon as well as letters addressed to Solomon.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series 2 \u0026#x2014; Photos (arranged chronologically and by person/family) includes photo prints and negatives of the Solomon and McGrath family, friends, and unknown peoples.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection is home to the personal papers of Grace Brooks Solomon, a political activist in Jacksonville, Florida, most notably known for her work during her presidency of the Minority Women's Coalition. These papers provide insight into the professional career and personal life of Grace Brooks Solomon as well as her efforts to memorialize her sister, former Jacksonville City Council Member, Sallye Brooks Mathis. Furthermore, this collection grants a look into the many racial issues and desegregation efforts made by women of color as well as school board members in Florida during the 1980s and 90s.","Series in this collection include the following:","Series 1 — Education Issues (arranged alphabetically by sub-series)","Sub-Series 1 — Desegregation and Race (arranged chronologically) includes documents pertaining to racial and desegregation issues in schools.","Sub-Series 2 — Northside (arranged chronologically) contains documents pertaining to education concerns on the Northside of Jacksonville.","\nSub-Series 3 — Quality Education (arranged chronologically) includes materials concerning parent, teacher, and community involvement in schools, correspondence, and testing.","Series 2 — Minority Women's Coalition (arranged alphabetically by sub-series).","Sub-Series 1 — Community Outreach (arranged chronologically) relates to the efforts made by the MWC to maintain civic engagement.","Sub-Series 2 — Correspondence (arranged chronologically) is comprised of a variety of correspondence received and sent by Grace Solomon as well as other members of the MWC.","Sub-Series 3 — Financial Records (arranged chronologically) contains records that deal with the MWC's financial history.","Sub-Series 4 — Legal Documents (arranged chronologically) consists of the MWC's legal reports and records.","Sub-Series 5 — Meeting Records (arranged chronologically) includes journals and notes detailing MWC meetings.","Sub-Series 6 — Organizational Records (arranged chronologically) are comprised of contact information and addresses of former members of the MWC and affiliated services.","Series 3 — Miscellaneous (arranged chronologically) consists of flyers, poems, notes regarding the NAACP and a pamphlet.","Series 4 — News Clippings (arranged chronologically) is comprised of various topics such as black history, schools, and church.","Series 5 — Personal (arranged alphabetically by sub-series).","Sub-Series 1 — Correspondence (arranged chronologically) contains holiday and birthday cards to and from people believed to be related to Grace Solomon as well as letters addressed to Solomon.","Sub-Series 2 — Photos (arranged chronologically and by person/family) includes photo prints and negatives of the Solomon and McGrath family, friends, and unknown peoples."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in the collection may be subject to copyright and are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accordance with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). Use of reproductions of copyrighted works in excess of \"fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement and be subject to the civil and criminal penalties of federal law. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for further information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials in the collection may be subject to copyright and are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accordance with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). Use of reproductions of copyrighted works in excess of \"fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement and be subject to the civil and criminal penalties of federal law. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for further information."],"names_ssim":["UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives"],"corpname_ssim":["UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":43,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870860597237645312,"_root_":"a5ba771381bd55a02803efce","timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:48:21.161Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"a5ba771381bd55a02803efce","title_ssm":["Grace Brooks Solomon Papers"],"title_tesim":["Grace Brooks Solomon Papers"],"ead_ssi":"a5ba771381bd55a02803efce","unitdate_ssm":["1963-2005"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1963-2005"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["2017.007","/repositories/3/resources/80"],"text":["2017.007","/repositories/3/resources/80","Grace Brooks Solomon Papers, 1963-2005","The collection is open for research by appointment only. Please contact lib-special@unf.edu to schedule an appointment.","Grace Brooks Solomon, the youngest child of Sallie Adams and Henry Pickens Brooks, was born in 1915 in Jacksonville, Florida. Her formative years transpired within the confines of this city, where she commenced her educational journey at Edward Waters College. As her pursuit of knowledge unfolded, Solomon extended her academic endeavors to Bethune-Cookman College and the Tuskegee Institute, culminating in the attainment of a Bachelor of Science in Education. Subsequently, she further honed her intellectual skills at Atlanta University, obtaining a degree in Library Science. A career in education ensued, with Solomon notably assuming the role of librarian at Rufus E. Payne Elementary School.","Concurrently, her husband, James H. Solomon, imparted his knowledge as an instructor of upholstery at New Stanton Senior High School. A testament to their shared endeavors, James H. Solomon constructed the familial residence that would house many generations to come. Solomon's extended family, inclusive of the McGraths, converges in Alexandria, Virginia, contributing to the broader context of Grace Brooks Solomon's heritage.","Of equal prominence within the family lineage is Sallye B. Mathis, Grace's older sister. A trailblazing figure in the city's history, Mathis was one of Jacksonville's first Black women to serve on the city council. In parallel with her sister, Mathis dedicated a significant portion of her life to the field of education. In 1977, she founded the Minority Women's Coalition (MWC), an organization subsequently presided over by Grace Solomon in 1987 following her sister's passing in 1982. Grace, prior to assuming the presidency, served as the Residential Agent for the MWC.","The articulated objectives of the MWC, as described in its bylaws, underscores its commitment to fostering the holistic development of women, both educationally and professionally, while also encouraging civic engagement. Central to the MWC's mission is the enhancement of educational opportunities through an annual scholarship awards program and the provision of emergency assistance to vulnerable families facing existential threats. ","During her tenure as president in the late 1980s and 1990s, Grace Solomon directed her efforts towards improving racial disparities within the Jacksonville education system. Simultaneously, she emerged as a prominent figure in commemorating the legacy of Sallye B. Mathis, through her leadership in advocating for the renaming of an elementary school in her sister's honor. Grace Brooks Solomon passed at the age of 95 on September 11th, 2010. Her life stands as a testament to a legacy marked by an unwavering commitment to education, civic duty, and the advancement of minority women.","See also: Sallye Brooks Mathis Papers, Thomas G. Carpenter Library, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida.","This collection is home to the personal papers of Grace Brooks Solomon, a political activist in Jacksonville, Florida, most notably known for her work during her presidency of the Minority Women's Coalition. These papers provide insight into the professional career and personal life of Grace Brooks Solomon as well as her efforts to memorialize her sister, former Jacksonville City Council Member, Sallye Brooks Mathis. Furthermore, this collection grants a look into the many racial issues and desegregation efforts made by women of color as well as school board members in Florida during the 1980s and 90s.","Series in this collection include the following:","Series 1 — Education Issues (arranged alphabetically by sub-series)","Sub-Series 1 — Desegregation and Race (arranged chronologically) includes documents pertaining to racial and desegregation issues in schools.","Sub-Series 2 — Northside (arranged chronologically) contains documents pertaining to education concerns on the Northside of Jacksonville.","\nSub-Series 3 — Quality Education (arranged chronologically) includes materials concerning parent, teacher, and community involvement in schools, correspondence, and testing.","Series 2 — Minority Women's Coalition (arranged alphabetically by sub-series).","Sub-Series 1 — Community Outreach (arranged chronologically) relates to the efforts made by the MWC to maintain civic engagement.","Sub-Series 2 — Correspondence (arranged chronologically) is comprised of a variety of correspondence received and sent by Grace Solomon as well as other members of the MWC.","Sub-Series 3 — Financial Records (arranged chronologically) contains records that deal with the MWC's financial history.","Sub-Series 4 — Legal Documents (arranged chronologically) consists of the MWC's legal reports and records.","Sub-Series 5 — Meeting Records (arranged chronologically) includes journals and notes detailing MWC meetings.","Sub-Series 6 — Organizational Records (arranged chronologically) are comprised of contact information and addresses of former members of the MWC and affiliated services.","Series 3 — Miscellaneous (arranged chronologically) consists of flyers, poems, notes regarding the NAACP and a pamphlet.","Series 4 — News Clippings (arranged chronologically) is comprised of various topics such as black history, schools, and church.","Series 5 — Personal (arranged alphabetically by sub-series).","Sub-Series 1 — Correspondence (arranged chronologically) contains holiday and birthday cards to and from people believed to be related to Grace Solomon as well as letters addressed to Solomon.","Sub-Series 2 — Photos (arranged chronologically and by person/family) includes photo prints and negatives of the Solomon and McGrath family, friends, and unknown peoples.","Materials in the collection may be subject to copyright and are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accordance with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). Use of reproductions of copyrighted works in excess of \"fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement and be subject to the civil and criminal penalties of federal law. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for further information.","UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives","English"],"unitid_tesim":["2017.007","/repositories/3/resources/80"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1963-2005"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Grace Brooks Solomon Papers, 1963-2005"],"collection_title_tesim":["Grace Brooks Solomon Papers, 1963-2005"],"collection_ssim":["Grace Brooks Solomon Papers, 1963-2005"],"repository_ssm":["UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives"],"repository_ssim":["UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["Materials in the collection may be subject to copyright and are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accordance with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). Use of reproductions of copyrighted works in excess of \"fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement and be subject to the civil and criminal penalties of federal law. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for further information."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was acquired through donation from Brooke M. Stephens, 2017-07-27 and 2018-12-18."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.58 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["2.58 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research by appointment only. Please contact lib-special@unf.edu to schedule an appointment.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research by appointment only. Please contact lib-special@unf.edu to schedule an appointment."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGrace Brooks Solomon, the youngest child of Sallie Adams and Henry Pickens Brooks, was born in 1915 in Jacksonville, Florida. Her formative years transpired within the confines of this city, where she commenced her educational journey at Edward Waters College. As her pursuit of knowledge unfolded, Solomon extended her academic endeavors to Bethune-Cookman College and the Tuskegee Institute, culminating in the attainment of a Bachelor of Science in Education. Subsequently, she further honed her intellectual skills at Atlanta University, obtaining a degree in Library Science. A career in education ensued, with Solomon notably assuming the role of librarian at Rufus E. Payne Elementary School.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eConcurrently, her husband, James H. Solomon, imparted his knowledge as an instructor of upholstery at New Stanton Senior High School. A testament to their shared endeavors, James H. Solomon constructed the familial residence that would house many generations to come. Solomon's extended family, inclusive of the McGraths, converges in Alexandria, Virginia, contributing to the broader context of Grace Brooks Solomon's heritage.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOf equal prominence within the family lineage is Sallye B. Mathis, Grace's older sister. A trailblazing figure in the city's history, Mathis was one of Jacksonville's first Black women to serve on the city council. In parallel with her sister, Mathis dedicated a significant portion of her life to the field of education. In 1977, she founded the Minority Women's Coalition (MWC), an organization subsequently presided over by Grace Solomon in 1987 following her sister's passing in 1982. Grace, prior to assuming the presidency, served as the Residential Agent for the MWC.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe articulated objectives of the MWC, as described in its bylaws, underscores its commitment to fostering the holistic development of women, both educationally and professionally, while also encouraging civic engagement. Central to the MWC's mission is the enhancement of educational opportunities through an annual scholarship awards program and the provision of emergency assistance to vulnerable families facing existential threats. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring her tenure as president in the late 1980s and 1990s, Grace Solomon directed her efforts towards improving racial disparities within the Jacksonville education system. Simultaneously, she emerged as a prominent figure in commemorating the legacy of Sallye B. Mathis, through her leadership in advocating for the renaming of an elementary school in her sister's honor. Grace Brooks Solomon passed at the age of 95 on September 11th, 2010. Her life stands as a testament to a legacy marked by an unwavering commitment to education, civic duty, and the advancement of minority women.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Grace Brooks Solomon, the youngest child of Sallie Adams and Henry Pickens Brooks, was born in 1915 in Jacksonville, Florida. Her formative years transpired within the confines of this city, where she commenced her educational journey at Edward Waters College. As her pursuit of knowledge unfolded, Solomon extended her academic endeavors to Bethune-Cookman College and the Tuskegee Institute, culminating in the attainment of a Bachelor of Science in Education. Subsequently, she further honed her intellectual skills at Atlanta University, obtaining a degree in Library Science. A career in education ensued, with Solomon notably assuming the role of librarian at Rufus E. Payne Elementary School.","Concurrently, her husband, James H. Solomon, imparted his knowledge as an instructor of upholstery at New Stanton Senior High School. A testament to their shared endeavors, James H. Solomon constructed the familial residence that would house many generations to come. Solomon's extended family, inclusive of the McGraths, converges in Alexandria, Virginia, contributing to the broader context of Grace Brooks Solomon's heritage.","Of equal prominence within the family lineage is Sallye B. Mathis, Grace's older sister. A trailblazing figure in the city's history, Mathis was one of Jacksonville's first Black women to serve on the city council. In parallel with her sister, Mathis dedicated a significant portion of her life to the field of education. In 1977, she founded the Minority Women's Coalition (MWC), an organization subsequently presided over by Grace Solomon in 1987 following her sister's passing in 1982. Grace, prior to assuming the presidency, served as the Residential Agent for the MWC.","The articulated objectives of the MWC, as described in its bylaws, underscores its commitment to fostering the holistic development of women, both educationally and professionally, while also encouraging civic engagement. Central to the MWC's mission is the enhancement of educational opportunities through an annual scholarship awards program and the provision of emergency assistance to vulnerable families facing existential threats. ","During her tenure as president in the late 1980s and 1990s, Grace Solomon directed her efforts towards improving racial disparities within the Jacksonville education system. Simultaneously, she emerged as a prominent figure in commemorating the legacy of Sallye B. Mathis, through her leadership in advocating for the renaming of an elementary school in her sister's honor. Grace Brooks Solomon passed at the age of 95 on September 11th, 2010. Her life stands as a testament to a legacy marked by an unwavering commitment to education, civic duty, and the advancement of minority women."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGrace Brooks Solomon Papers, Thomas G. Carpenter Library, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Grace Brooks Solomon Papers, Thomas G. Carpenter Library, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee also: Sallye Brooks Mathis Papers, Thomas G. Carpenter Library, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See also: Sallye Brooks Mathis Papers, Thomas G. Carpenter Library, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is home to the personal papers of Grace Brooks Solomon, a political activist in Jacksonville, Florida, most notably known for her work during her presidency of the Minority Women's Coalition. These papers provide insight into the professional career and personal life of Grace Brooks Solomon as well as her efforts to memorialize her sister, former Jacksonville City Council Member, Sallye Brooks Mathis. Furthermore, this collection grants a look into the many racial issues and desegregation efforts made by women of color as well as school board members in Florida during the 1980s and 90s.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries in this collection include the following:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1 \u0026#x2014; Education Issues (arranged alphabetically by sub-series)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series 1 \u0026#x2014; Desegregation and Race (arranged chronologically) includes documents pertaining to racial and desegregation issues in schools.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series 2 \u0026#x2014; Northside (arranged chronologically) contains documents pertaining to education concerns on the Northside of Jacksonville.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSub-Series 3 \u0026#x2014; Quality Education (arranged chronologically) includes materials concerning parent, teacher, and community involvement in schools, correspondence, and testing.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2 \u0026#x2014; Minority Women's Coalition (arranged alphabetically by sub-series).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series 1 \u0026#x2014; Community Outreach (arranged chronologically) relates to the efforts made by the MWC to maintain civic engagement.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series 2 \u0026#x2014; Correspondence (arranged chronologically) is comprised of a variety of correspondence received and sent by Grace Solomon as well as other members of the MWC.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series 3 \u0026#x2014; Financial Records (arranged chronologically) contains records that deal with the MWC's financial history.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series 4 \u0026#x2014; Legal Documents (arranged chronologically) consists of the MWC's legal reports and records.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series 5 \u0026#x2014; Meeting Records (arranged chronologically) includes journals and notes detailing MWC meetings.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series 6 \u0026#x2014; Organizational Records (arranged chronologically) are comprised of contact information and addresses of former members of the MWC and affiliated services.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3 \u0026#x2014; Miscellaneous (arranged chronologically) consists of flyers, poems, notes regarding the NAACP and a pamphlet.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4 \u0026#x2014; News Clippings (arranged chronologically) is comprised of various topics such as black history, schools, and church.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5 \u0026#x2014; Personal (arranged alphabetically by sub-series).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series 1 \u0026#x2014; Correspondence (arranged chronologically) contains holiday and birthday cards to and from people believed to be related to Grace Solomon as well as letters addressed to Solomon.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series 2 \u0026#x2014; Photos (arranged chronologically and by person/family) includes photo prints and negatives of the Solomon and McGrath family, friends, and unknown peoples.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection is home to the personal papers of Grace Brooks Solomon, a political activist in Jacksonville, Florida, most notably known for her work during her presidency of the Minority Women's Coalition. These papers provide insight into the professional career and personal life of Grace Brooks Solomon as well as her efforts to memorialize her sister, former Jacksonville City Council Member, Sallye Brooks Mathis. Furthermore, this collection grants a look into the many racial issues and desegregation efforts made by women of color as well as school board members in Florida during the 1980s and 90s.","Series in this collection include the following:","Series 1 — Education Issues (arranged alphabetically by sub-series)","Sub-Series 1 — Desegregation and Race (arranged chronologically) includes documents pertaining to racial and desegregation issues in schools.","Sub-Series 2 — Northside (arranged chronologically) contains documents pertaining to education concerns on the Northside of Jacksonville.","\nSub-Series 3 — Quality Education (arranged chronologically) includes materials concerning parent, teacher, and community involvement in schools, correspondence, and testing.","Series 2 — Minority Women's Coalition (arranged alphabetically by sub-series).","Sub-Series 1 — Community Outreach (arranged chronologically) relates to the efforts made by the MWC to maintain civic engagement.","Sub-Series 2 — Correspondence (arranged chronologically) is comprised of a variety of correspondence received and sent by Grace Solomon as well as other members of the MWC.","Sub-Series 3 — Financial Records (arranged chronologically) contains records that deal with the MWC's financial history.","Sub-Series 4 — Legal Documents (arranged chronologically) consists of the MWC's legal reports and records.","Sub-Series 5 — Meeting Records (arranged chronologically) includes journals and notes detailing MWC meetings.","Sub-Series 6 — Organizational Records (arranged chronologically) are comprised of contact information and addresses of former members of the MWC and affiliated services.","Series 3 — Miscellaneous (arranged chronologically) consists of flyers, poems, notes regarding the NAACP and a pamphlet.","Series 4 — News Clippings (arranged chronologically) is comprised of various topics such as black history, schools, and church.","Series 5 — Personal (arranged alphabetically by sub-series).","Sub-Series 1 — Correspondence (arranged chronologically) contains holiday and birthday cards to and from people believed to be related to Grace Solomon as well as letters addressed to Solomon.","Sub-Series 2 — Photos (arranged chronologically and by person/family) includes photo prints and negatives of the Solomon and McGrath family, friends, and unknown peoples."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in the collection may be subject to copyright and are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accordance with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). Use of reproductions of copyrighted works in excess of \"fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement and be subject to the civil and criminal penalties of federal law. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for further information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials in the collection may be subject to copyright and are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accordance with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). Use of reproductions of copyrighted works in excess of \"fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement and be subject to the civil and criminal penalties of federal law. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for further information."],"names_ssim":["UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives"],"corpname_ssim":["UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":43,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870860597237645312,"_root_":"a5ba771381bd55a02803efce","timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:48:21.161Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/a5ba771381bd55a02803efce"}},{"id":"f0e8fabe2e0cb8f234720eae_aspace_06cbb5762794142bc3e685c0814c3f33","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Graduate Rosters, 1983-2000","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/f0e8fabe2e0cb8f234720eae_aspace_06cbb5762794142bc3e685c0814c3f33#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_06cbb5762794142bc3e685c0814c3f33","ref_ssm":["aspace_06cbb5762794142bc3e685c0814c3f33","aspace_06cbb5762794142bc3e685c0814c3f33"],"id":"f0e8fabe2e0cb8f234720eae_aspace_06cbb5762794142bc3e685c0814c3f33","title_filing_ssi":"Graduate Rosters","title_ssm":["Graduate Rosters"],"title_tesim":["Graduate Rosters"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1983-2000"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1983-2000"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Graduate Rosters, 1983-2000"],"text":["Graduate Rosters, 1983-2000","Florida Southern College Satellite Campuses, 1930-2008","Port Charlotte","/repositories/4/archival_objects/44392","box 5","folder 6"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["f0e8fabe2e0cb8f234720eae","f0e8fabe2e0cb8f234720eae_aspace_f9f68d27a6b749f6ee40280190359f65"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Florida Southern College Satellite Campuses, 1930-2008","Port Charlotte"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Florida Southern College Satellite Campuses, 1930-2008","Port Charlotte"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/4/archival_objects/44392"],"repository_ssim":["The Florida Southern College Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Florida Southern College Satellite Campuses, 1930-2008"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":104,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the archive's ability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["This collection is owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). ","Please inquire if you have questions - archives@flsouthern.edu"],"date_range_isim":[1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000],"containers_ssim":["box 5","folder 6"],"_nest_path_":"/components#5/components#24","_nest_parent_":"f0e8fabe2e0cb8f234720eae_aspace_f9f68d27a6b749f6ee40280190359f65","_root_":"f0e8fabe2e0cb8f234720eae","_version_":1870846327605166080,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T05:01:32.577Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"f0e8fabe2e0cb8f234720eae","title_ssm":["Florida Southern College Satellite Campuses"],"title_tesim":["Florida Southern College Satellite Campuses"],"ead_ssi":"f0e8fabe2e0cb8f234720eae","unitdate_ssm":["1930-2008"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1930-2008"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Record Group","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["CA10090","/repositories/4/resources/118"],"text":["CA10090","/repositories/4/resources/118","Florida Southern College Satellite Campuses, 1930-2008","Universities and colleges—Florida—History","Florida Southern College—History","Military education—Florida—History","College campuses—Florida—History","Colleges - Florida - Ringling College of Art and Design","Air Force Bases - Florida - McCoy","Air Force Bases - Florida - MacDill","Air Force Bases - Florida - Palm Beach","This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the archive's ability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials.","The materials in this collection are arranged in as logical order as possible. Arrangement is alphabetical by program name, and alphabetical by contents and year within each series. There is one oversize box containing newspapers.","\tFrom 1930-1933, and from the early 1950s through approximately 2008, Florida Southern College operated a series of satellite campuses, which provided classes for military personnel, veterans and dependents, as well as complete degree programs for young professionals and senior citizens.  In most cases, these campuses were small, having an administrative office and a few classrooms. The programs offered by FSC were as follows:  ","\nMacDill Air Force Base, Tampa:  The Florida Southern College of Opportunity began at MacDill AFB in the fall of 1950. Airmen and their dependents were offered seven week courses which awarded three credits each and were primarily held in the evenings.  Classes were taught by FSC professors who commuted to the base from Lakeland.  The program at MacDill lasted until the early 1960s.","\nMcCoy Air Force Base/FSC at Orlando/FSC Orlando-Ocala: For most of its history, this program was located on the west side of what is now the Orlando International Airport.  This was the longest-running series of FSC satellite programs, lasting from 1954 until 2008, and can be best looked at in four phases:\n    ","\tPinecastle Air Force Base: The October 14, 1954 issue of The Southern mentions classes being held here since 1954.  Very little is known about this program, including when it was terminated.  Of special note, Pinecastle AFB was renamed McCoy Air Force base in 1957. ","\n\tFSC at McCoy AFB: The program's official history lists its beginning as September, 1960, however as previously mentioned, classes were held as early as 1954 when the base was still known as Pinecastle.  Classes were held in the base education building, the alert facility, and a building located halfway between the two.  This last building was needed as aircrews serving on alert were required to remain within a certain \"reaction distance\" from their aircraft.  McCoy was a large Strategic Air Command base, and on numerous occasions classes were interrupted by nuclear alert drills.  More than 500 members of the military and civilian employees at McCoy could be taking classes at any one time, and classes met every weekday evening as well as Saturday mornings.  There was also what was known as a \"brown bag\" class, where professors would offer portions of a class during the official base lunch hour. As with the program at MacDill, some of the FSC professors from the main campus commuted to Orlando to teach.  This portion of the program lasted until the Air Force closed the base in 1974.\n ","\tFSC at Orlando/FSC Orlando-Ocala:  When the Air Force closed McCoy, the runways were ceded to the City of Orlando for use in what is now known as Orlando International Airport.  The west side of the base was ceded to the Navy for use as housing and other activities in support of its training center near Winter Park.  In 1974-1975, the college received permission to continue a similar program with the Navy as they had had with the Air Force.  Additionally, classes were opened for non-military affiliated civilians for the first time, assuring the program's continuance regardless of any future base closings. The Orlando program was geared towards working professionals, with majors in Accounting, Business Administration, Nursing, as well as a few social sciences. Students from FSC's main campus in Lakeland could also take courses in Orlando if needed. In the late 1990s/early 2000s, the college left its facilities at the airport and located on Rio Grande Avenue in the Oak Ridge area of Orlando.  In the early 2000s, the Orlando program expanded to include classes in Ocala.  The classes were held at what is now the College for Central Florida-Ocala campus.  As with the main program in Orlando, classes were geared towards working professionals and were primarily held in the evenings.  Classes in Business, Accounting, and Nursing were offered.  The Orlando-Ocala program ended in 2008.   \n ","Palm Beach Air Force Base:  Little is known about this program other than it commenced operations in 1955. The Air Force began operations to close the base starting in 1959, so it is assumed that the program ended around this time.  ","\nPort Charlotte/Charlotte-De Soto:  This program was initially started by West Virginia Wesleyan University in 1980 as an attempt to offer a liberal arts education to senior citizens.  It was known as Wesleyan in Southwest Florida. The director, Dr. Sidney Davis and his wife, Dr. Marian Davis, began classes at the cultural center in Port Charlotte.  In 1983, classes were moved to a facility in Lake Suzy, near Port Charlotte.  In the fall of 1992, the school moved to yet another location in nearby De Soto County.  Thus, the name was changed to the Charlotte-De Soto Program.  For the first five years of operations, the college fell under the administration of West Virginia Wesleyan.  In 1986, Florida Southern College assumed administrative responsibility at the request of the United Methodist Church's University Senate.  The Florida Conference of the UMC felt that since this school was being administered by an out of state Methodist College, it was unfairly competing with both Florida Southern College and Bethune-Cookman College. For the first several years, the college marketed towards retirees, however changing demographics in the Charlotte-De Soto area encouraged the college to open classes to young professionals.  Towards the end of the program, nearly 90% of students fell into this demographic.  The program was phased out in 1999-2000 due to the distance from the main campus in Lakeland with the challenge of maintaining close linkage with full time faculty. This expense, coupled with the need to construct new facilities, as well as new competition with other degree-granting institutions in the area, led Florida Southern to phase-out the program.  No other college wished to take over the program, and it finally ended on December 3, 2000.     ","\nIn addition to these campuses, there exists the relationship between Florida Southern College and the Ringling College of Art and Design in Sarasota. In the late 1920s, Dr. Ludd M. Spivey explored the idea of moving what was then known as Southern College from Lakeland to Sarasota. Spivey had sought the financial support of circus magnate John Ringling, who while reluctant to donate to Southern College, was interested in developing an art school. After much discussion and negotiation, it was agreed that Southern College would open its own art school in Sarasota as a branch. With much reluctance, Ringling agreed that it could be known as the School of Fine and Applied Art of the John and Mable Ringling Art Museum, lending his name and that of his recently departed wife (she had passed away in 1929) to the school, to associate the Florida Southern art school with the more famous name of the Ringlings and their museum.","The first class had only 75 students and 13 faculty members. Each student paid $783 per year for tuition, board, room, fees, and books. Students also attended chapel services every day, and the school's president or dean had to receive written permission if a student wanted to leave town.","The art school separated from Southern College and became an independent nonprofit institution in 1933, changing its name to Ringling School of Art, which still exists today with an enrollment of over 1,000 students--quite a journey from the first class of 75!","The background information and chronology provided is based off of the information in the collections as well as a handful of outside sources, such as The Southern newspaper and the Ringling College of Art and Design.","This collection may include materials that reflect certain cultural attitudes and opinions common during the time of their creation. Florida Southern College, Roux Library, and McKay Archives do not promote the attitudes depicted in these materials, but they are included to document the historical record.","The materials in this collection cover the approximate time period of the satellite programs, 1930-1933 and 1950-2008. While there are a handful of materials from MacDill and Palm Beach Air Force Bases, most of the materials in this collection are from the McCoy AFB-Orlando-Ocala program, the Port Charlotte/Charlotte-De Soto program, and the Ringling College of Art and Design.  Materials include, but are not limited to course bulletins, correspondence, brochures, and news articles.  Of special note is the correspondence in the Port Charlotte program, which includes letters to and from the Program Director(s) and the Board of Directors, as well as the correspondence in the Ringling College program. Additionally, three full years of The Coyote, the official newspaper of the Orlando program in the late 1970s are included.","This collection is owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). ","Please inquire if you have questions - archives@flsouthern.edu","The Florida Southern College Archives","Florida Southern College","English"],"unitid_tesim":["CA10090","/repositories/4/resources/118"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1930-2008"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Florida Southern College Satellite Campuses, 1930-2008"],"collection_title_tesim":["Florida Southern College Satellite Campuses, 1930-2008"],"collection_ssim":["Florida Southern College Satellite Campuses, 1930-2008"],"repository_ssm":["The Florida Southern College Archives"],"repository_ssim":["The Florida Southern College Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Florida Southern College"],"creator_ssim":["Florida Southern College"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Florida Southern College"],"creators_ssim":["Florida Southern College"],"access_terms_ssm":["This collection is owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). ","Please inquire if you have questions - archives@flsouthern.edu"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The materials in this collection were generated by the college over the period of time the events took place."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Universities and colleges—Florida—History","Florida Southern College—History","Military education—Florida—History","College campuses—Florida—History","Colleges - Florida - Ringling College of Art and Design","Air Force Bases - Florida - McCoy","Air Force Bases - Florida - MacDill","Air Force Bases - Florida - Palm Beach"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Universities and colleges—Florida—History","Florida Southern College—History","Military education—Florida—History","College campuses—Florida—History","Colleges - Florida - Ringling College of Art and Design","Air Force Bases - Florida - McCoy","Air Force Bases - Florida - MacDill","Air Force Bases - Florida - Palm Beach"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["5 Linear Feet 9 Standard Legal Archival Containers\n1 Oversize Flat Box"],"extent_tesim":["5 Linear Feet 9 Standard Legal Archival Containers\n1 Oversize Flat Box"],"date_range_isim":[1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the archive's ability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the archive's ability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this collection are arranged in as logical order as possible. Arrangement is alphabetical by program name, and alphabetical by contents and year within each series. There is one oversize box containing newspapers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The materials in this collection are arranged in as logical order as possible. Arrangement is alphabetical by program name, and alphabetical by contents and year within each series. There is one oversize box containing newspapers."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\tFrom 1930-1933, and from the early 1950s through approximately 2008, Florida Southern College operated a series of satellite campuses, which provided classes for military personnel, veterans and dependents, as well as complete degree programs for young professionals and senior citizens.  In most cases, these campuses were small, having an administrative office and a few classrooms. The programs offered by FSC were as follows:  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nMacDill Air Force Base, Tampa:  The Florida Southern College of Opportunity began at MacDill AFB in the fall of 1950. Airmen and their dependents were offered seven week courses which awarded three credits each and were primarily held in the evenings.  Classes were taught by FSC professors who commuted to the base from Lakeland.  The program at MacDill lasted until the early 1960s.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nMcCoy Air Force Base/FSC at Orlando/FSC Orlando-Ocala: For most of its history, this program was located on the west side of what is now the Orlando International Airport.  This was the longest-running series of FSC satellite programs, lasting from 1954 until 2008, and can be best looked at in four phases:\n    \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\tPinecastle Air Force Base: The October 14, 1954 issue of The Southern mentions classes being held here since 1954.  Very little is known about this program, including when it was terminated.  Of special note, Pinecastle AFB was renamed McCoy Air Force base in 1957. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n\tFSC at McCoy AFB: The program's official history lists its beginning as September, 1960, however as previously mentioned, classes were held as early as 1954 when the base was still known as Pinecastle.  Classes were held in the base education building, the alert facility, and a building located halfway between the two.  This last building was needed as aircrews serving on alert were required to remain within a certain \"reaction distance\" from their aircraft.  McCoy was a large Strategic Air Command base, and on numerous occasions classes were interrupted by nuclear alert drills.  More than 500 members of the military and civilian employees at McCoy could be taking classes at any one time, and classes met every weekday evening as well as Saturday mornings.  There was also what was known as a \"brown bag\" class, where professors would offer portions of a class during the official base lunch hour. As with the program at MacDill, some of the FSC professors from the main campus commuted to Orlando to teach.  This portion of the program lasted until the Air Force closed the base in 1974.\n \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\tFSC at Orlando/FSC Orlando-Ocala:  When the Air Force closed McCoy, the runways were ceded to the City of Orlando for use in what is now known as Orlando International Airport.  The west side of the base was ceded to the Navy for use as housing and other activities in support of its training center near Winter Park.  In 1974-1975, the college received permission to continue a similar program with the Navy as they had had with the Air Force.  Additionally, classes were opened for non-military affiliated civilians for the first time, assuring the program's continuance regardless of any future base closings. The Orlando program was geared towards working professionals, with majors in Accounting, Business Administration, Nursing, as well as a few social sciences. Students from FSC's main campus in Lakeland could also take courses in Orlando if needed. In the late 1990s/early 2000s, the college left its facilities at the airport and located on Rio Grande Avenue in the Oak Ridge area of Orlando.  In the early 2000s, the Orlando program expanded to include classes in Ocala.  The classes were held at what is now the College for Central Florida-Ocala campus.  As with the main program in Orlando, classes were geared towards working professionals and were primarily held in the evenings.  Classes in Business, Accounting, and Nursing were offered.  The Orlando-Ocala program ended in 2008.   \n \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePalm Beach Air Force Base:  Little is known about this program other than it commenced operations in 1955. The Air Force began operations to close the base starting in 1959, so it is assumed that the program ended around this time.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nPort Charlotte/Charlotte-De Soto:  This program was initially started by West Virginia Wesleyan University in 1980 as an attempt to offer a liberal arts education to senior citizens.  It was known as Wesleyan in Southwest Florida. The director, Dr. Sidney Davis and his wife, Dr. Marian Davis, began classes at the cultural center in Port Charlotte.  In 1983, classes were moved to a facility in Lake Suzy, near Port Charlotte.  In the fall of 1992, the school moved to yet another location in nearby De Soto County.  Thus, the name was changed to the Charlotte-De Soto Program.  For the first five years of operations, the college fell under the administration of West Virginia Wesleyan.  In 1986, Florida Southern College assumed administrative responsibility at the request of the United Methodist Church's University Senate.  The Florida Conference of the UMC felt that since this school was being administered by an out of state Methodist College, it was unfairly competing with both Florida Southern College and Bethune-Cookman College. For the first several years, the college marketed towards retirees, however changing demographics in the Charlotte-De Soto area encouraged the college to open classes to young professionals.  Towards the end of the program, nearly 90% of students fell into this demographic.  The program was phased out in 1999-2000 due to the distance from the main campus in Lakeland with the challenge of maintaining close linkage with full time faculty. This expense, coupled with the need to construct new facilities, as well as new competition with other degree-granting institutions in the area, led Florida Southern to phase-out the program.  No other college wished to take over the program, and it finally ended on December 3, 2000.     \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nIn addition to these campuses, there exists the relationship between Florida Southern College and the Ringling College of Art and Design in Sarasota. In the late 1920s, Dr. Ludd M. Spivey explored the idea of moving what was then known as Southern College from Lakeland to Sarasota. Spivey had sought the financial support of circus magnate John Ringling, who while reluctant to donate to Southern College, was interested in developing an art school. After much discussion and negotiation, it was agreed that Southern College would open its own art school in Sarasota as a branch. With much reluctance, Ringling agreed that it could be known as the School of Fine and Applied Art of the John and Mable Ringling Art Museum, lending his name and that of his recently departed wife (she had passed away in 1929) to the school, to associate the Florida Southern art school with the more famous name of the Ringlings and their museum.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe first class had only 75 students and 13 faculty members. Each student paid $783 per year for tuition, board, room, fees, and books. Students also attended chapel services every day, and the school's president or dean had to receive written permission if a student wanted to leave town.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe art school separated from Southern College and became an independent nonprofit institution in 1933, changing its name to Ringling School of Art, which still exists today with an enrollment of over 1,000 students--quite a journey from the first class of 75!\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["\tFrom 1930-1933, and from the early 1950s through approximately 2008, Florida Southern College operated a series of satellite campuses, which provided classes for military personnel, veterans and dependents, as well as complete degree programs for young professionals and senior citizens.  In most cases, these campuses were small, having an administrative office and a few classrooms. The programs offered by FSC were as follows:  ","\nMacDill Air Force Base, Tampa:  The Florida Southern College of Opportunity began at MacDill AFB in the fall of 1950. Airmen and their dependents were offered seven week courses which awarded three credits each and were primarily held in the evenings.  Classes were taught by FSC professors who commuted to the base from Lakeland.  The program at MacDill lasted until the early 1960s.","\nMcCoy Air Force Base/FSC at Orlando/FSC Orlando-Ocala: For most of its history, this program was located on the west side of what is now the Orlando International Airport.  This was the longest-running series of FSC satellite programs, lasting from 1954 until 2008, and can be best looked at in four phases:\n    ","\tPinecastle Air Force Base: The October 14, 1954 issue of The Southern mentions classes being held here since 1954.  Very little is known about this program, including when it was terminated.  Of special note, Pinecastle AFB was renamed McCoy Air Force base in 1957. ","\n\tFSC at McCoy AFB: The program's official history lists its beginning as September, 1960, however as previously mentioned, classes were held as early as 1954 when the base was still known as Pinecastle.  Classes were held in the base education building, the alert facility, and a building located halfway between the two.  This last building was needed as aircrews serving on alert were required to remain within a certain \"reaction distance\" from their aircraft.  McCoy was a large Strategic Air Command base, and on numerous occasions classes were interrupted by nuclear alert drills.  More than 500 members of the military and civilian employees at McCoy could be taking classes at any one time, and classes met every weekday evening as well as Saturday mornings.  There was also what was known as a \"brown bag\" class, where professors would offer portions of a class during the official base lunch hour. As with the program at MacDill, some of the FSC professors from the main campus commuted to Orlando to teach.  This portion of the program lasted until the Air Force closed the base in 1974.\n ","\tFSC at Orlando/FSC Orlando-Ocala:  When the Air Force closed McCoy, the runways were ceded to the City of Orlando for use in what is now known as Orlando International Airport.  The west side of the base was ceded to the Navy for use as housing and other activities in support of its training center near Winter Park.  In 1974-1975, the college received permission to continue a similar program with the Navy as they had had with the Air Force.  Additionally, classes were opened for non-military affiliated civilians for the first time, assuring the program's continuance regardless of any future base closings. The Orlando program was geared towards working professionals, with majors in Accounting, Business Administration, Nursing, as well as a few social sciences. Students from FSC's main campus in Lakeland could also take courses in Orlando if needed. In the late 1990s/early 2000s, the college left its facilities at the airport and located on Rio Grande Avenue in the Oak Ridge area of Orlando.  In the early 2000s, the Orlando program expanded to include classes in Ocala.  The classes were held at what is now the College for Central Florida-Ocala campus.  As with the main program in Orlando, classes were geared towards working professionals and were primarily held in the evenings.  Classes in Business, Accounting, and Nursing were offered.  The Orlando-Ocala program ended in 2008.   \n ","Palm Beach Air Force Base:  Little is known about this program other than it commenced operations in 1955. The Air Force began operations to close the base starting in 1959, so it is assumed that the program ended around this time.  ","\nPort Charlotte/Charlotte-De Soto:  This program was initially started by West Virginia Wesleyan University in 1980 as an attempt to offer a liberal arts education to senior citizens.  It was known as Wesleyan in Southwest Florida. The director, Dr. Sidney Davis and his wife, Dr. Marian Davis, began classes at the cultural center in Port Charlotte.  In 1983, classes were moved to a facility in Lake Suzy, near Port Charlotte.  In the fall of 1992, the school moved to yet another location in nearby De Soto County.  Thus, the name was changed to the Charlotte-De Soto Program.  For the first five years of operations, the college fell under the administration of West Virginia Wesleyan.  In 1986, Florida Southern College assumed administrative responsibility at the request of the United Methodist Church's University Senate.  The Florida Conference of the UMC felt that since this school was being administered by an out of state Methodist College, it was unfairly competing with both Florida Southern College and Bethune-Cookman College. For the first several years, the college marketed towards retirees, however changing demographics in the Charlotte-De Soto area encouraged the college to open classes to young professionals.  Towards the end of the program, nearly 90% of students fell into this demographic.  The program was phased out in 1999-2000 due to the distance from the main campus in Lakeland with the challenge of maintaining close linkage with full time faculty. This expense, coupled with the need to construct new facilities, as well as new competition with other degree-granting institutions in the area, led Florida Southern to phase-out the program.  No other college wished to take over the program, and it finally ended on December 3, 2000.     ","\nIn addition to these campuses, there exists the relationship between Florida Southern College and the Ringling College of Art and Design in Sarasota. In the late 1920s, Dr. Ludd M. Spivey explored the idea of moving what was then known as Southern College from Lakeland to Sarasota. Spivey had sought the financial support of circus magnate John Ringling, who while reluctant to donate to Southern College, was interested in developing an art school. After much discussion and negotiation, it was agreed that Southern College would open its own art school in Sarasota as a branch. With much reluctance, Ringling agreed that it could be known as the School of Fine and Applied Art of the John and Mable Ringling Art Museum, lending his name and that of his recently departed wife (she had passed away in 1929) to the school, to associate the Florida Southern art school with the more famous name of the Ringlings and their museum.","The first class had only 75 students and 13 faculty members. Each student paid $783 per year for tuition, board, room, fees, and books. Students also attended chapel services every day, and the school's president or dean had to receive written permission if a student wanted to leave town.","The art school separated from Southern College and became an independent nonprofit institution in 1933, changing its name to Ringling School of Art, which still exists today with an enrollment of over 1,000 students--quite a journey from the first class of 75!"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe background information and chronology provided is based off of the information in the collections as well as a handful of outside sources, such as The Southern newspaper and the Ringling College of Art and Design.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis collection may include materials that reflect certain cultural attitudes and opinions common during the time of their creation. Florida Southern College, Roux Library, and McKay Archives do not promote the attitudes depicted in these materials, but they are included to document the historical record.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General","General"],"odd_tesim":["The background information and chronology provided is based off of the information in the collections as well as a handful of outside sources, such as The Southern newspaper and the Ringling College of Art and Design.","This collection may include materials that reflect certain cultural attitudes and opinions common during the time of their creation. Florida Southern College, Roux Library, and McKay Archives do not promote the attitudes depicted in these materials, but they are included to document the historical record."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this collection cover the approximate time period of the satellite programs, 1930-1933 and 1950-2008. While there are a handful of materials from MacDill and Palm Beach Air Force Bases, most of the materials in this collection are from the McCoy AFB-Orlando-Ocala program, the Port Charlotte/Charlotte-De Soto program, and the Ringling College of Art and Design.  Materials include, but are not limited to course bulletins, correspondence, brochures, and news articles.  Of special note is the correspondence in the Port Charlotte program, which includes letters to and from the Program Director(s) and the Board of Directors, as well as the correspondence in the Ringling College program. Additionally, three full years of The Coyote, the official newspaper of the Orlando program in the late 1970s are included.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The materials in this collection cover the approximate time period of the satellite programs, 1930-1933 and 1950-2008. While there are a handful of materials from MacDill and Palm Beach Air Force Bases, most of the materials in this collection are from the McCoy AFB-Orlando-Ocala program, the Port Charlotte/Charlotte-De Soto program, and the Ringling College of Art and Design.  Materials include, but are not limited to course bulletins, correspondence, brochures, and news articles.  Of special note is the correspondence in the Port Charlotte program, which includes letters to and from the Program Director(s) and the Board of Directors, as well as the correspondence in the Ringling College program. Additionally, three full years of The Coyote, the official newspaper of the Orlando program in the late 1970s are included."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePlease inquire if you have questions - archives@flsouthern.edu\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["This collection is owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). ","Please inquire if you have questions - archives@flsouthern.edu"],"names_ssim":["The Florida Southern College Archives","Florida Southern College"],"corpname_ssim":["The Florida Southern College Archives","Florida Southern College"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":264,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870846327605166080,"_root_":"f0e8fabe2e0cb8f234720eae","timestamp":"2026-07-16T05:01:32.577Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/f0e8fabe2e0cb8f234720eae_aspace_06cbb5762794142bc3e685c0814c3f33"}},{"id":"5bfec06960a94373aa1cd96c_aspace_b73853559c5aaf5d427080e2855b41cb","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Graduate School of Library and Information Science Newsletter (UIUC), Fall 1996","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/5bfec06960a94373aa1cd96c_aspace_b73853559c5aaf5d427080e2855b41cb#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_b73853559c5aaf5d427080e2855b41cb","ref_ssm":["aspace_b73853559c5aaf5d427080e2855b41cb","aspace_b73853559c5aaf5d427080e2855b41cb"],"id":"5bfec06960a94373aa1cd96c_aspace_b73853559c5aaf5d427080e2855b41cb","title_filing_ssi":"Graduate School of Library and Information Science Newsletter (UIUC)","title_ssm":["Graduate School of Library and Information Science Newsletter (UIUC)"],"title_tesim":["Graduate School of Library and Information Science Newsletter (UIUC)"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Fall 1996"],"normalized_date_ssm":["Fall 1996"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Graduate School of Library and Information Science Newsletter (UIUC), Fall 1996"],"text":["Graduate School of Library and Information Science Newsletter (UIUC), Fall 1996","Samuel F. Morrison Collection, Circa 1936-2021","Printed Materials","General","/repositories/2/archival_objects/3057","box 17","folder 24"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["5bfec06960a94373aa1cd96c","5bfec06960a94373aa1cd96c_aspace_1df4619bb4b3f9301c74b4946784b4dc","5bfec06960a94373aa1cd96c_aspace_33b40bf218eadac9cc8a2973a3003104"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Samuel F. Morrison Collection, Circa 1936-2021","Printed Materials","General"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Samuel F. Morrison Collection, Circa 1936-2021","Printed Materials","General"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Subseries"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/2/archival_objects/3057"],"repository_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Samuel F. Morrison Collection, Circa 1936-2021"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":405,"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The Samuel F. Morrison Collection is open for research."],"date_range_isim":[1996],"containers_ssim":["box 17","folder 24"],"_nest_path_":"/components#4/components#0/components#37","_nest_parent_":"5bfec06960a94373aa1cd96c_aspace_33b40bf218eadac9cc8a2973a3003104","_root_":"5bfec06960a94373aa1cd96c","_version_":1876455835659403264,"timestamp":"2026-09-16T03:02:16.331Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"5bfec06960a94373aa1cd96c","title_filing_ssi":"Morrison, Samuel F. Collection","title_ssm":["Samuel F. Morrison Collection"],"title_tesim":["Samuel F. Morrison Collection"],"ead_ssi":"5bfec06960a94373aa1cd96c","unitdate_ssm":["Circa 1936-2021"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Circa 1936-2021"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["AARLCC.2003.27","/repositories/2/resources/28"],"text":["AARLCC.2003.27","/repositories/2/resources/28","Samuel F. Morrison Collection, Circa 1936-2021","Morrison, Samuel F., 1936- -- Correspondence","African American librarians","Library directors","Public libraries -- Florida -- Fort Lauderdale","Public libraries -- Florida -- Frostproof","Photographs","Certificates","plaques (flat objects)","scrapbooks","Clippings","Ephemera","Periodicals","videocassettes","Sound recordings","The collection is arranged into 9 series: Series I. Correspondence, Series II. Professional Papers, Series III. Personal Papers, Series IV. Photographs and Scrapbooks, Series V. Printed Materials, Series VI. Awards, Series VII. Ephemera, Series VIII. Artwork, and Series IX. Audio-Visual Materials.","Samuel F. Morrison was born in Flagstaff, Arizona on December 19, 1936 to parents Travis Morrison (1909-1953) and Esther Porter (1919-circa 2000). He had one sister, Pearl Lorraine Morrison Pitts (1938-1964). His father divorced Esther and married his second wife Ruth Swain (1911-1990). Morrison was primarily raised in Phoenix, Arizona. His family moved several times due to his father's job at munitions plants. He graduated from Compton High School in Los Angeles, California in 1952. Morrison earned an associate degree from Compton Junior College in 1955. Morrison entered the United States Air Force and served from 1955 to 1959. For three of those years in the service, he was stationed in Morocco and helped manage the library on the Air Force base. In 1970, he received his bachelor's degree in English from California State University. Morrison earned a Master's degree in Library Science from the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign in 1972 and attended the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University completing coursework in 1989. ","From 1972-1974, Morrison worked as a library director at the Frostproof Living Learning Library Center in Frostproof, Florida. He built a library and initiated outreach services for the African American and Hispanic migrant communities. In 1974, Morrison became the assistant director of Broward County Library in Broward County, Florida and served as deputy director from 1976-1987. He assisted in the growth of Broward County Library from 2 branches to 25 branches during this time. He also managed the formation of the new Main Library branch in downtown Fort Lauderdale, Florida.","Morrison lead in the construction of the Chicago Public Library's Harold Washington Library Center and became the library's chief director from 1987 to 1990. In 1990, Morrison returned to Broward County as director of Broward County Library and worked in that position until his retirement in 2003. Under his leadership, Broward County Library was awarded \"Library of the Year\" in 1996 and grew to 38 branches. During his tenure as director, Morrison fundraised for the creation of the African American Research Library and Cultural Center, which serves as a public library as well as a special collections research center dedicated to the history and culture of the African diaspora. He attended the library's groundbreaking ceremony on October 23, 1999 and opening day on October 26, 2002.","Samuel F. Morrison actively participated in local and national organizations during his career. He served in the Fort Lauderdale Chapter of the NAACP, Urban League of Broward County, Florida Library Association (FLA), and American Library Association (ALA). He was president of the Florida Library Association in 1981. Morrison received awards and recognition including the FLA Lifetime Achievement Award, DEMCO/ALA Black Caucus Award for Excellence in Librarianship, Leadership Foundation Broward \"Leader of the Year\" Award, and the African American Achievers Award.","Morrison married Judith Moore in 1964 and divorced in 1985. He and his former wife had no children.\n ","This collection received file level processing. The finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection.","View a selection of digitized materials from the Samuel F. Morrison Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives.","The Samuel F. Morrison Collection is comprised of materials primarily dating from the 1970s to 2010s including correspondence, books, professional and personal papers, photographs, scrapbooks, plaques, ephemera, artwork, vinyl records, and VHS tapes. These materials document the professional and personal life of librarian Samuel F. Morrison, the creation of the Broward County Library's African American Research Library and Cultural Center, and the establishment of the Chicago Public Library's Harold Washington Library Center. The collection also contains materials related to Morrison's roles as director of the Frostproof Living Learning Library Center in Frostproof, Florida from 1972 to 1974, the assistant/deputy director of Broward County Library in Broward County, Florida from 1974 to 1987, the Chicago Public Library's Harold Washington Library Center's chief director from 1987 to 1990, and Director of the Broward County Library from 1990 to 2003. Also included are items related to Morrison's participation and leadership in local and national organizations.","Books from the Morrison collection were cataloged in the Broward County Library catalog with the prefix \"SFM\".","The Samuel F. Morrison Collection is open for research.","The Samuel F. Morrison Collection contains materials primarily dating from the 1970s to 2010s that document the professional and personal life of librarian Samuel F. Morrison, the creation of the Broward County Library's African American Research Library and Cultural Center, and the Chicago Public Library's Harold Washington Library Center.","AARLCC Special Collections","Broward County Library","African American Research Library and Cultural Center","Chicago Public Library. Harold Washington Library Center","Morrison, Samuel F., 1936-","English"],"unitid_tesim":["AARLCC.2003.27","/repositories/2/resources/28"],"normalized_date_ssm":["Circa 1936-2021"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Samuel F. Morrison Collection, Circa 1936-2021"],"collection_title_tesim":["Samuel F. Morrison Collection, Circa 1936-2021"],"collection_ssim":["Samuel F. Morrison Collection, Circa 1936-2021"],"repository_ssm":["AARLCC Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["The Samuel F. 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Morrison donated the materials to the AARLCC Special Collections."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Morrison, Samuel F., 1936- -- Correspondence","African American librarians","Library directors","Public libraries -- Florida -- Fort Lauderdale","Public libraries -- Florida -- Frostproof","Photographs","Certificates","plaques (flat objects)","scrapbooks","Clippings","Ephemera","Periodicals","videocassettes","Sound recordings"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Morrison, Samuel F., 1936- -- Correspondence","African American librarians","Library directors","Public libraries -- Florida -- Fort Lauderdale","Public libraries -- Florida -- Frostproof","Photographs","Certificates","plaques (flat objects)","scrapbooks","Clippings","Ephemera","Periodicals","videocassettes","Sound recordings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["67 Hollinger Boxes"],"extent_tesim":["67 Hollinger Boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs","Certificates","plaques (flat objects)","scrapbooks","Clippings","Ephemera","Periodicals","videocassettes","Sound recordings"],"date_range_isim":[1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into 9 series: Series I. Correspondence, Series II. Professional Papers, Series III. Personal Papers, Series IV. Photographs and Scrapbooks, Series V. Printed Materials, Series VI. Awards, Series VII. Ephemera, Series VIII. Artwork, and Series IX. Audio-Visual Materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into 9 series: Series I. Correspondence, Series II. Professional Papers, Series III. Personal Papers, Series IV. Photographs and Scrapbooks, Series V. Printed Materials, Series VI. Awards, Series VII. Ephemera, Series VIII. Artwork, and Series IX. Audio-Visual Materials."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSamuel F. Morrison was born in Flagstaff, Arizona on December 19, 1936 to parents Travis Morrison (1909-1953) and Esther Porter (1919-circa 2000). He had one sister, Pearl Lorraine Morrison Pitts (1938-1964). His father divorced Esther and married his second wife Ruth Swain (1911-1990). Morrison was primarily raised in Phoenix, Arizona. His family moved several times due to his father's job at munitions plants. He graduated from Compton High School in Los Angeles, California in 1952. Morrison earned an associate degree from Compton Junior College in 1955. Morrison entered the United States Air Force and served from 1955 to 1959. For three of those years in the service, he was stationed in Morocco and helped manage the library on the Air Force base. In 1970, he received his bachelor's degree in English from California State University. Morrison earned a Master's degree in Library Science from the University of Illinois at Urbana\u0026#x2013;Champaign in 1972 and attended the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University completing coursework in 1989. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrom 1972-1974, Morrison worked as a library director at the Frostproof Living Learning Library Center in Frostproof, Florida. He built a library and initiated outreach services for the African American and Hispanic migrant communities. In 1974, Morrison became the assistant director of Broward County Library in Broward County, Florida and served as deputy director from 1976-1987. He assisted in the growth of Broward County Library from 2 branches to 25 branches during this time. He also managed the formation of the new Main Library branch in downtown Fort Lauderdale, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMorrison lead in the construction of the Chicago Public Library's Harold Washington Library Center and became the library's chief director from 1987 to 1990. In 1990, Morrison returned to Broward County as director of Broward County Library and worked in that position until his retirement in 2003. Under his leadership, Broward County Library was awarded \"Library of the Year\" in 1996 and grew to 38 branches. During his tenure as director, Morrison fundraised for the creation of the African American Research Library and Cultural Center, which serves as a public library as well as a special collections research center dedicated to the history and culture of the African diaspora. He attended the library's groundbreaking ceremony on October 23, 1999 and opening day on October 26, 2002.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSamuel F. Morrison actively participated in local and national organizations during his career. He served in the Fort Lauderdale Chapter of the NAACP, Urban League of Broward County, Florida Library Association (FLA), and American Library Association (ALA). He was president of the Florida Library Association in 1981. Morrison received awards and recognition including the FLA Lifetime Achievement Award, DEMCO/ALA Black Caucus Award for Excellence in Librarianship, Leadership Foundation Broward \"Leader of the Year\" Award, and the African American Achievers Award.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMorrison married Judith Moore in 1964 and divorced in 1985. He and his former wife had no children.\n \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Samuel F. Morrison was born in Flagstaff, Arizona on December 19, 1936 to parents Travis Morrison (1909-1953) and Esther Porter (1919-circa 2000). He had one sister, Pearl Lorraine Morrison Pitts (1938-1964). His father divorced Esther and married his second wife Ruth Swain (1911-1990). Morrison was primarily raised in Phoenix, Arizona. His family moved several times due to his father's job at munitions plants. He graduated from Compton High School in Los Angeles, California in 1952. Morrison earned an associate degree from Compton Junior College in 1955. Morrison entered the United States Air Force and served from 1955 to 1959. For three of those years in the service, he was stationed in Morocco and helped manage the library on the Air Force base. In 1970, he received his bachelor's degree in English from California State University. Morrison earned a Master's degree in Library Science from the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign in 1972 and attended the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University completing coursework in 1989. ","From 1972-1974, Morrison worked as a library director at the Frostproof Living Learning Library Center in Frostproof, Florida. He built a library and initiated outreach services for the African American and Hispanic migrant communities. In 1974, Morrison became the assistant director of Broward County Library in Broward County, Florida and served as deputy director from 1976-1987. He assisted in the growth of Broward County Library from 2 branches to 25 branches during this time. He also managed the formation of the new Main Library branch in downtown Fort Lauderdale, Florida.","Morrison lead in the construction of the Chicago Public Library's Harold Washington Library Center and became the library's chief director from 1987 to 1990. In 1990, Morrison returned to Broward County as director of Broward County Library and worked in that position until his retirement in 2003. Under his leadership, Broward County Library was awarded \"Library of the Year\" in 1996 and grew to 38 branches. During his tenure as director, Morrison fundraised for the creation of the African American Research Library and Cultural Center, which serves as a public library as well as a special collections research center dedicated to the history and culture of the African diaspora. He attended the library's groundbreaking ceremony on October 23, 1999 and opening day on October 26, 2002.","Samuel F. Morrison actively participated in local and national organizations during his career. He served in the Fort Lauderdale Chapter of the NAACP, Urban League of Broward County, Florida Library Association (FLA), and American Library Association (ALA). He was president of the Florida Library Association in 1981. Morrison received awards and recognition including the FLA Lifetime Achievement Award, DEMCO/ALA Black Caucus Award for Excellence in Librarianship, Leadership Foundation Broward \"Leader of the Year\" Award, and the African American Achievers Award.","Morrison married Judith Moore in 1964 and divorced in 1985. He and his former wife had no children.\n "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSamuel F. Morrison Collection, African American Research Library and Cultural Center, Broward County Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Samuel F. Morrison Collection, African American Research Library and Cultural Center, Broward County Library."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection received file level processing. The finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This collection received file level processing. The finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://digitalarchives.broward.org/digital/collection/p16146coll26/search\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eView a selection of digitized materials from the Samuel F. Morrison Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Digitized Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["View a selection of digitized materials from the Samuel F. Morrison Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Samuel F. Morrison Collection is comprised of materials primarily dating from the 1970s to 2010s including correspondence, books, professional and personal papers, photographs, scrapbooks, plaques, ephemera, artwork, vinyl records, and VHS tapes. These materials document the professional and personal life of librarian Samuel F. Morrison, the creation of the Broward County Library's African American Research Library and Cultural Center, and the establishment of the Chicago Public Library's Harold Washington Library Center. The collection also contains materials related to Morrison's roles as director of the Frostproof Living Learning Library Center in Frostproof, Florida from 1972 to 1974, the assistant/deputy director of Broward County Library in Broward County, Florida from 1974 to 1987, the Chicago Public Library's Harold Washington Library Center's chief director from 1987 to 1990, and Director of the Broward County Library from 1990 to 2003. Also included are items related to Morrison's participation and leadership in local and national organizations.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Samuel F. Morrison Collection is comprised of materials primarily dating from the 1970s to 2010s including correspondence, books, professional and personal papers, photographs, scrapbooks, plaques, ephemera, artwork, vinyl records, and VHS tapes. These materials document the professional and personal life of librarian Samuel F. Morrison, the creation of the Broward County Library's African American Research Library and Cultural Center, and the establishment of the Chicago Public Library's Harold Washington Library Center. The collection also contains materials related to Morrison's roles as director of the Frostproof Living Learning Library Center in Frostproof, Florida from 1972 to 1974, the assistant/deputy director of Broward County Library in Broward County, Florida from 1974 to 1987, the Chicago Public Library's Harold Washington Library Center's chief director from 1987 to 1990, and Director of the Broward County Library from 1990 to 2003. Also included are items related to Morrison's participation and leadership in local and national organizations."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://broward.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBooks from the Morrison collection were cataloged in the Broward County Library catalog with the prefix \"SFM\".\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Books from the Morrison collection were cataloged in the Broward County Library catalog with the prefix \"SFM\"."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Samuel F. Morrison Collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Samuel F. Morrison Collection is open for research."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e2606958532f5daaff3ca0844861a4b4\"\u003eThe Samuel F. Morrison Collection contains materials primarily dating from the 1970s to 2010s that document the professional and personal life of librarian Samuel F. Morrison, the creation of the Broward County Library's African American Research Library and Cultural Center, and the Chicago Public Library's Harold Washington Library Center.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Samuel F. Morrison Collection contains materials primarily dating from the 1970s to 2010s that document the professional and personal life of librarian Samuel F. Morrison, the creation of the Broward County Library's African American Research Library and Cultural Center, and the Chicago Public Library's Harold Washington Library Center."],"names_coll_ssim":["Broward County Library","African American Research Library and Cultural Center","Chicago Public Library. Harold Washington Library Center","Morrison, Samuel F., 1936-"],"names_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections","Broward County Library","African American Research Library and Cultural Center","Chicago Public Library. Harold Washington Library Center","Morrison, Samuel F., 1936-"],"corpname_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections","Broward County Library","African American Research Library and Cultural Center","Chicago Public Library. Harold Washington Library Center"],"persname_ssim":["Morrison, Samuel F., 1936-"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":782,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1876455835659403264,"_root_":"5bfec06960a94373aa1cd96c","timestamp":"2026-09-16T03:02:16.331Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/5bfec06960a94373aa1cd96c_aspace_b73853559c5aaf5d427080e2855b41cb"}},{"id":"2c6720462d9fa184d798893c_aspace_1d985b8c4200463ef86bcb23f1da9787","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Graduation, 1996 August","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/2c6720462d9fa184d798893c_aspace_1d985b8c4200463ef86bcb23f1da9787#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_1d985b8c4200463ef86bcb23f1da9787","ref_ssm":["aspace_1d985b8c4200463ef86bcb23f1da9787","aspace_1d985b8c4200463ef86bcb23f1da9787"],"id":"2c6720462d9fa184d798893c_aspace_1d985b8c4200463ef86bcb23f1da9787","title_filing_ssi":"Graduation","title_ssm":["Graduation"],"title_tesim":["Graduation"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1996 August"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1996 August"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Graduation, 1996 August"],"text":["Graduation, 1996 August","University of Central Florida International Student Association collection, 1992-1999","Series II: Other Events, 1992–1999","Student Events, 1992–1999","/repositories/2/archival_objects/83682","box 2","folder 19"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["2c6720462d9fa184d798893c","2c6720462d9fa184d798893c_aspace_bcbd031db8b0e686bc3905866f1dfeae","2c6720462d9fa184d798893c_aspace_6805b915c09de72ce92105cf5f60e673"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["University of Central Florida International Student Association collection, 1992-1999","Series II: Other Events, 1992–1999","Student Events, 1992–1999"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["University of Central Florida International Student Association collection, 1992-1999","Series II: Other Events, 1992–1999","Student Events, 1992–1999"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Subseries"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/2/archival_objects/83682"],"repository_ssim":["UCF University Archives"],"collection_ssim":["University of Central Florida International Student Association collection, 1992-1999"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":32,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The entire collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"date_range_isim":[1996],"containers_ssim":["box 2","folder 19"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#2/components#4","_nest_parent_":"2c6720462d9fa184d798893c_aspace_6805b915c09de72ce92105cf5f60e673","_root_":"2c6720462d9fa184d798893c","_version_":1870858733563674624,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:18:43.822Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"2c6720462d9fa184d798893c","title_ssm":["University of Central Florida International Student Association collection"],"title_tesim":["University of Central Florida International Student Association collection"],"ead_ssi":"2c6720462d9fa184d798893c","unitdate_ssm":["1992-1999"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1992-1999"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["UA22C","/repositories/2/resources/349"],"text":["UA22C","/repositories/2/resources/349","University of Central Florida International Student Association collection, 1992-1999","Orlando (Fla.)","College students","College students -- Florida -- Orlando","Ethnic performing arts","Students, Foreign","Award presentations","Parties","color photographs","black-and-white photographs","photographs","The entire collection is open for research.","The University of Central Florida International Student Association (ISA) is a student organization that aims to provide support to international students, allow students to connect and educate each other about different cultures, and embrace diversity on campus. Established on March 25th, 1975, ISA is comprised of actively enrolled UCF international students who host their annual International Fair, fashion shows, celebrations of international holidays, and other social events. ISA hosts the International Fair during International Education Week in November. Other cultural organizations at UCF, such as the Asian Student Association, the Russian Club, and the Pakistani Student Association, participate in the fair. The International Fair, first held in 1990, offers display booths of different cultures, global cultural cuisine, and cultural entertainment such as dance and musical performances. As of 2025, ISA remains active on campus.","Processed by and finding aid prepared by Alyssa Adkins in 2025.","Other materials related to the International Student Association and UCF student organizations can be found in the  University of Central Florida Student Government Association Records .","The University of Central Florida International Student Association collection, 1992-1999, documents the activities and events of the International Student Association (ISA) at the University of Central Florida (UCF). It chiefly consists of photographs relating to the annual International Fair and other student trips, gatherings, and cultural events held by the organization in the 1990s.  This collection offers insight into the activities that UCF's international students organized or participated in. It also illustrates how international students at UCF fostered a sense of belonging and eased feelings of loneliness through community building and the celebration of cultures. ","Series I: International Fairs, 1993, 1997, includes photographs taken of annual International Fairs hosted by ISA over several years.  The photos capture the cultural food served, cultural attire worn, and dances and music performed at various International Fairs. This series is largely undated. It is arranged in the order in which it was received from the donor and may be chronological. ","Series II: Other Events, 1992-1999, includes photographs of other events organized by ISA, including graduation and award ceremonies, fashion shows, cultural events, trips, and holiday celebrations. This series is arranged alphabetically. ","Series III: Unidentified Events, 1993-1998, includes photographs of additional ISA events that were not described, could not be identified, or lacked dates. The series includes images of parties, dinners, performances, meetings, and other club activities. ","Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","The University of Central Florida International Student Association collection, 1992-1999, documents the activities and events of the International Student Association (ISA) at the University of Central Florida (UCF). It chiefly consists of photographs relating to the annual International Fair and other student trips, gatherings, and cultural events held by the organization in the 1990s.  This collection offers insight into the activities that UCF's international students organized or participated in. It also illustrates how international students at UCF fostered a sense of belonging and eased feelings of loneliness through community building and the celebration of cultures. \n\nThe University of Central Florida International Student Association (ISA) is a student organization that aims to provide support to international students, allow students to connect and educate each other about different cultures, and embrace diversity on campus. Established on March 25th, 1975, ISA is comprised of actively enrolled UCF international students who host their annual International Fair, fashion shows, celebrations of international holidays, and other social events. ISA hosts the International Fair during International Education Week in November. Other cultural organizations at UCF, such as the Asian Student Association, the Russian Club, and the Pakistani Student Association, participate in the fair. The International Fair, first held in 1990, offers display booths of different cultures, global cultural cuisine, and cultural entertainment such as dance and musical performances. As of 2025, ISA remains active on campus.","UCF University Archives","University of Central Florida. International Student Association","University of Central Florida","English"],"unitid_tesim":["UA22C","/repositories/2/resources/349"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1992-1999"],"normalized_title_ssm":["University of Central Florida International Student Association collection, 1992-1999"],"collection_title_tesim":["University of Central Florida International Student Association collection, 1992-1999"],"collection_ssim":["University of Central Florida International Student Association collection, 1992-1999"],"repository_ssm":["UCF University Archives"],"repository_ssim":["UCF University Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Orlando (Fla.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Orlando (Fla.)"],"creator_ssm":["University of Central Florida. International Student Association"],"creator_ssim":["University of Central Florida. International Student Association"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["University of Central Florida. International Student Association"],"creators_ssim":["University of Central Florida. International Student Association"],"places_ssim":["Orlando (Fla.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Transferred by Rocky Blesso from UCF International Services Center in 2011 (Accession no. CFU2011_29)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["College students","College students -- Florida -- Orlando","Ethnic performing arts","Students, Foreign","Award presentations","Parties","color photographs","black-and-white photographs","photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["College students","College students -- Florida -- Orlando","Ethnic performing arts","Students, Foreign","Award presentations","Parties","color photographs","black-and-white photographs","photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.2 Linear Feet 3 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1.2 Linear Feet 3 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["color photographs","black-and-white photographs","photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe University of Central Florida International Student Association (ISA) is a student organization that aims to provide support to international students, allow students to connect and educate each other about different cultures, and embrace diversity on campus. Established on March 25th, 1975, ISA is comprised of actively enrolled UCF international students who host their annual International Fair, fashion shows, celebrations of international holidays, and other social events. ISA hosts the International Fair during International Education Week in November. Other cultural organizations at UCF, such as the Asian Student Association, the Russian Club, and the Pakistani Student Association, participate in the fair. The International Fair, first held in 1990, offers display booths of different cultures, global cultural cuisine, and cultural entertainment such as dance and musical performances. As of 2025, ISA remains active on campus.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The University of Central Florida International Student Association (ISA) is a student organization that aims to provide support to international students, allow students to connect and educate each other about different cultures, and embrace diversity on campus. Established on March 25th, 1975, ISA is comprised of actively enrolled UCF international students who host their annual International Fair, fashion shows, celebrations of international holidays, and other social events. ISA hosts the International Fair during International Education Week in November. Other cultural organizations at UCF, such as the Asian Student Association, the Russian Club, and the Pakistani Student Association, participate in the fair. The International Fair, first held in 1990, offers display booths of different cultures, global cultural cuisine, and cultural entertainment such as dance and musical performances. As of 2025, ISA remains active on campus."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], University of Central Florida International Student Association, Special Collections \u0026amp; University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], University of Central Florida International Student Association, Special Collections \u0026 University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by and finding aid prepared by Alyssa Adkins in 2025.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by and finding aid prepared by Alyssa Adkins in 2025."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOther materials related to the International Student Association and UCF student organizations can be found in the \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/ead/UCFSGA\"\u003eUniversity of Central Florida Student Government Association Records\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Other materials related to the International Student Association and UCF student organizations can be found in the  University of Central Florida Student Government Association Records ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe University of Central Florida International Student Association collection, 1992-1999, documents the activities and events of the International Student Association (ISA) at the University of Central Florida (UCF). It chiefly consists of photographs relating to the annual International Fair and other student trips, gatherings, and cultural events held by the organization in the 1990s.  This collection offers insight into the activities that UCF's international students organized or participated in. It also illustrates how international students at UCF fostered a sense of belonging and eased feelings of loneliness through community building and the celebration of cultures. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries I: International Fairs, 1993, 1997, includes photographs taken of annual International Fairs hosted by ISA over several years.  The photos capture the cultural food served, cultural attire worn, and dances and music performed at various International Fairs. This series is largely undated. It is arranged in the order in which it was received from the donor and may be chronological. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries II: Other Events, 1992-1999, includes photographs of other events organized by ISA, including graduation and award ceremonies, fashion shows, cultural events, trips, and holiday celebrations. This series is arranged alphabetically. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries III: Unidentified Events, 1993-1998, includes photographs of additional ISA events that were not described, could not be identified, or lacked dates. The series includes images of parties, dinners, performances, meetings, and other club activities. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The University of Central Florida International Student Association collection, 1992-1999, documents the activities and events of the International Student Association (ISA) at the University of Central Florida (UCF). It chiefly consists of photographs relating to the annual International Fair and other student trips, gatherings, and cultural events held by the organization in the 1990s.  This collection offers insight into the activities that UCF's international students organized or participated in. It also illustrates how international students at UCF fostered a sense of belonging and eased feelings of loneliness through community building and the celebration of cultures. ","Series I: International Fairs, 1993, 1997, includes photographs taken of annual International Fairs hosted by ISA over several years.  The photos capture the cultural food served, cultural attire worn, and dances and music performed at various International Fairs. This series is largely undated. It is arranged in the order in which it was received from the donor and may be chronological. ","Series II: Other Events, 1992-1999, includes photographs of other events organized by ISA, including graduation and award ceremonies, fashion shows, cultural events, trips, and holiday celebrations. This series is arranged alphabetically. ","Series III: Unidentified Events, 1993-1998, includes photographs of additional ISA events that were not described, could not be identified, or lacked dates. The series includes images of parties, dinners, performances, meetings, and other club activities. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Copyright Statement"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_cd07a75b0ca6b6f3a803e85fa2ab240a\"\u003eThe University of Central Florida International Student Association collection, 1992-1999, documents the activities and events of the International Student Association (ISA) at the University of Central Florida (UCF). It chiefly consists of photographs relating to the annual International Fair and other student trips, gatherings, and cultural events held by the organization in the 1990s.  This collection offers insight into the activities that UCF's international students organized or participated in. It also illustrates how international students at UCF fostered a sense of belonging and eased feelings of loneliness through community building and the celebration of cultures. \n\nThe University of Central Florida International Student Association (ISA) is a student organization that aims to provide support to international students, allow students to connect and educate each other about different cultures, and embrace diversity on campus. Established on March 25th, 1975, ISA is comprised of actively enrolled UCF international students who host their annual International Fair, fashion shows, celebrations of international holidays, and other social events. ISA hosts the International Fair during International Education Week in November. Other cultural organizations at UCF, such as the Asian Student Association, the Russian Club, and the Pakistani Student Association, participate in the fair. The International Fair, first held in 1990, offers display booths of different cultures, global cultural cuisine, and cultural entertainment such as dance and musical performances. As of 2025, ISA remains active on campus.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The University of Central Florida International Student Association collection, 1992-1999, documents the activities and events of the International Student Association (ISA) at the University of Central Florida (UCF). It chiefly consists of photographs relating to the annual International Fair and other student trips, gatherings, and cultural events held by the organization in the 1990s.  This collection offers insight into the activities that UCF's international students organized or participated in. It also illustrates how international students at UCF fostered a sense of belonging and eased feelings of loneliness through community building and the celebration of cultures. \n\nThe University of Central Florida International Student Association (ISA) is a student organization that aims to provide support to international students, allow students to connect and educate each other about different cultures, and embrace diversity on campus. Established on March 25th, 1975, ISA is comprised of actively enrolled UCF international students who host their annual International Fair, fashion shows, celebrations of international holidays, and other social events. ISA hosts the International Fair during International Education Week in November. Other cultural organizations at UCF, such as the Asian Student Association, the Russian Club, and the Pakistani Student Association, participate in the fair. The International Fair, first held in 1990, offers display booths of different cultures, global cultural cuisine, and cultural entertainment such as dance and musical performances. As of 2025, ISA remains active on campus."],"names_coll_ssim":["University of Central Florida","University of Central Florida. International Student Association"],"names_ssim":["UCF University Archives","University of Central Florida. International Student Association","University of Central Florida"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF University Archives","University of Central Florida. 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Certain materials may have restrictions due to fragility or privacy.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Open for research. Certain materials may have restrictions due to fragility or privacy."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials are arranged chronologically and by subject, with folders/items grouped for library history, professional activities, college administration, staff and faculty records, personal memorabilia, and retirement materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Materials are arranged chronologically and by subject, with folders/items grouped for library history, professional activities, college administration, staff and faculty records, personal memorabilia, and retirement materials."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGrady Wynne Drake was appointed as the first librarian at the Junior College of Broward County in 1960. 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Morrison Collection, Circa 1936-2021","Correspondence","/repositories/2/archival_objects/2338","box 4","folder 12"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["5bfec06960a94373aa1cd96c","5bfec06960a94373aa1cd96c_aspace_7b6daf101476f834374f098a005b76d7"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Samuel F. Morrison Collection, Circa 1936-2021","Correspondence"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Samuel F. Morrison Collection, Circa 1936-2021","Correspondence"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/2/archival_objects/2338"],"repository_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Samuel F. Morrison Collection, Circa 1936-2021"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":62,"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The Samuel F. 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Morrison Collection, Circa 1936-2021","Morrison, Samuel F., 1936- -- Correspondence","African American librarians","Library directors","Public libraries -- Florida -- Fort Lauderdale","Public libraries -- Florida -- Frostproof","Photographs","Certificates","plaques (flat objects)","scrapbooks","Clippings","Ephemera","Periodicals","videocassettes","Sound recordings","The collection is arranged into 9 series: Series I. Correspondence, Series II. Professional Papers, Series III. Personal Papers, Series IV. Photographs and Scrapbooks, Series V. Printed Materials, Series VI. Awards, Series VII. Ephemera, Series VIII. Artwork, and Series IX. Audio-Visual Materials.","Samuel F. Morrison was born in Flagstaff, Arizona on December 19, 1936 to parents Travis Morrison (1909-1953) and Esther Porter (1919-circa 2000). He had one sister, Pearl Lorraine Morrison Pitts (1938-1964). His father divorced Esther and married his second wife Ruth Swain (1911-1990). Morrison was primarily raised in Phoenix, Arizona. His family moved several times due to his father's job at munitions plants. He graduated from Compton High School in Los Angeles, California in 1952. Morrison earned an associate degree from Compton Junior College in 1955. Morrison entered the United States Air Force and served from 1955 to 1959. For three of those years in the service, he was stationed in Morocco and helped manage the library on the Air Force base. In 1970, he received his bachelor's degree in English from California State University. Morrison earned a Master's degree in Library Science from the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign in 1972 and attended the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University completing coursework in 1989. ","From 1972-1974, Morrison worked as a library director at the Frostproof Living Learning Library Center in Frostproof, Florida. He built a library and initiated outreach services for the African American and Hispanic migrant communities. In 1974, Morrison became the assistant director of Broward County Library in Broward County, Florida and served as deputy director from 1976-1987. He assisted in the growth of Broward County Library from 2 branches to 25 branches during this time. He also managed the formation of the new Main Library branch in downtown Fort Lauderdale, Florida.","Morrison lead in the construction of the Chicago Public Library's Harold Washington Library Center and became the library's chief director from 1987 to 1990. In 1990, Morrison returned to Broward County as director of Broward County Library and worked in that position until his retirement in 2003. Under his leadership, Broward County Library was awarded \"Library of the Year\" in 1996 and grew to 38 branches. During his tenure as director, Morrison fundraised for the creation of the African American Research Library and Cultural Center, which serves as a public library as well as a special collections research center dedicated to the history and culture of the African diaspora. He attended the library's groundbreaking ceremony on October 23, 1999 and opening day on October 26, 2002.","Samuel F. Morrison actively participated in local and national organizations during his career. He served in the Fort Lauderdale Chapter of the NAACP, Urban League of Broward County, Florida Library Association (FLA), and American Library Association (ALA). He was president of the Florida Library Association in 1981. Morrison received awards and recognition including the FLA Lifetime Achievement Award, DEMCO/ALA Black Caucus Award for Excellence in Librarianship, Leadership Foundation Broward \"Leader of the Year\" Award, and the African American Achievers Award.","Morrison married Judith Moore in 1964 and divorced in 1985. He and his former wife had no children.\n ","This collection received file level processing. The finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection.","View a selection of digitized materials from the Samuel F. Morrison Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives.","The Samuel F. Morrison Collection is comprised of materials primarily dating from the 1970s to 2010s including correspondence, books, professional and personal papers, photographs, scrapbooks, plaques, ephemera, artwork, vinyl records, and VHS tapes. These materials document the professional and personal life of librarian Samuel F. Morrison, the creation of the Broward County Library's African American Research Library and Cultural Center, and the establishment of the Chicago Public Library's Harold Washington Library Center. The collection also contains materials related to Morrison's roles as director of the Frostproof Living Learning Library Center in Frostproof, Florida from 1972 to 1974, the assistant/deputy director of Broward County Library in Broward County, Florida from 1974 to 1987, the Chicago Public Library's Harold Washington Library Center's chief director from 1987 to 1990, and Director of the Broward County Library from 1990 to 2003. Also included are items related to Morrison's participation and leadership in local and national organizations.","Books from the Morrison collection were cataloged in the Broward County Library catalog with the prefix \"SFM\".","The Samuel F. Morrison Collection is open for research.","The Samuel F. Morrison Collection contains materials primarily dating from the 1970s to 2010s that document the professional and personal life of librarian Samuel F. Morrison, the creation of the Broward County Library's African American Research Library and Cultural Center, and the Chicago Public Library's Harold Washington Library Center.","AARLCC Special Collections","Broward County Library","African American Research Library and Cultural Center","Chicago Public Library. Harold Washington Library Center","Morrison, Samuel F., 1936-","English"],"unitid_tesim":["AARLCC.2003.27","/repositories/2/resources/28"],"normalized_date_ssm":["Circa 1936-2021"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Samuel F. Morrison Collection, Circa 1936-2021"],"collection_title_tesim":["Samuel F. Morrison Collection, Circa 1936-2021"],"collection_ssim":["Samuel F. Morrison Collection, Circa 1936-2021"],"repository_ssm":["AARLCC Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["The Samuel F. 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Correspondence, Series II. Professional Papers, Series III. Personal Papers, Series IV. Photographs and Scrapbooks, Series V. Printed Materials, Series VI. Awards, Series VII. Ephemera, Series VIII. Artwork, and Series IX. Audio-Visual Materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into 9 series: Series I. Correspondence, Series II. Professional Papers, Series III. Personal Papers, Series IV. Photographs and Scrapbooks, Series V. Printed Materials, Series VI. Awards, Series VII. Ephemera, Series VIII. Artwork, and Series IX. Audio-Visual Materials."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSamuel F. Morrison was born in Flagstaff, Arizona on December 19, 1936 to parents Travis Morrison (1909-1953) and Esther Porter (1919-circa 2000). He had one sister, Pearl Lorraine Morrison Pitts (1938-1964). His father divorced Esther and married his second wife Ruth Swain (1911-1990). Morrison was primarily raised in Phoenix, Arizona. His family moved several times due to his father's job at munitions plants. He graduated from Compton High School in Los Angeles, California in 1952. Morrison earned an associate degree from Compton Junior College in 1955. Morrison entered the United States Air Force and served from 1955 to 1959. For three of those years in the service, he was stationed in Morocco and helped manage the library on the Air Force base. In 1970, he received his bachelor's degree in English from California State University. Morrison earned a Master's degree in Library Science from the University of Illinois at Urbana\u0026#x2013;Champaign in 1972 and attended the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University completing coursework in 1989. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrom 1972-1974, Morrison worked as a library director at the Frostproof Living Learning Library Center in Frostproof, Florida. He built a library and initiated outreach services for the African American and Hispanic migrant communities. In 1974, Morrison became the assistant director of Broward County Library in Broward County, Florida and served as deputy director from 1976-1987. He assisted in the growth of Broward County Library from 2 branches to 25 branches during this time. He also managed the formation of the new Main Library branch in downtown Fort Lauderdale, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMorrison lead in the construction of the Chicago Public Library's Harold Washington Library Center and became the library's chief director from 1987 to 1990. In 1990, Morrison returned to Broward County as director of Broward County Library and worked in that position until his retirement in 2003. Under his leadership, Broward County Library was awarded \"Library of the Year\" in 1996 and grew to 38 branches. During his tenure as director, Morrison fundraised for the creation of the African American Research Library and Cultural Center, which serves as a public library as well as a special collections research center dedicated to the history and culture of the African diaspora. He attended the library's groundbreaking ceremony on October 23, 1999 and opening day on October 26, 2002.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSamuel F. Morrison actively participated in local and national organizations during his career. He served in the Fort Lauderdale Chapter of the NAACP, Urban League of Broward County, Florida Library Association (FLA), and American Library Association (ALA). He was president of the Florida Library Association in 1981. Morrison received awards and recognition including the FLA Lifetime Achievement Award, DEMCO/ALA Black Caucus Award for Excellence in Librarianship, Leadership Foundation Broward \"Leader of the Year\" Award, and the African American Achievers Award.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMorrison married Judith Moore in 1964 and divorced in 1985. He and his former wife had no children.\n \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Samuel F. Morrison was born in Flagstaff, Arizona on December 19, 1936 to parents Travis Morrison (1909-1953) and Esther Porter (1919-circa 2000). He had one sister, Pearl Lorraine Morrison Pitts (1938-1964). His father divorced Esther and married his second wife Ruth Swain (1911-1990). Morrison was primarily raised in Phoenix, Arizona. His family moved several times due to his father's job at munitions plants. He graduated from Compton High School in Los Angeles, California in 1952. Morrison earned an associate degree from Compton Junior College in 1955. Morrison entered the United States Air Force and served from 1955 to 1959. For three of those years in the service, he was stationed in Morocco and helped manage the library on the Air Force base. In 1970, he received his bachelor's degree in English from California State University. Morrison earned a Master's degree in Library Science from the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign in 1972 and attended the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University completing coursework in 1989. ","From 1972-1974, Morrison worked as a library director at the Frostproof Living Learning Library Center in Frostproof, Florida. He built a library and initiated outreach services for the African American and Hispanic migrant communities. In 1974, Morrison became the assistant director of Broward County Library in Broward County, Florida and served as deputy director from 1976-1987. He assisted in the growth of Broward County Library from 2 branches to 25 branches during this time. He also managed the formation of the new Main Library branch in downtown Fort Lauderdale, Florida.","Morrison lead in the construction of the Chicago Public Library's Harold Washington Library Center and became the library's chief director from 1987 to 1990. In 1990, Morrison returned to Broward County as director of Broward County Library and worked in that position until his retirement in 2003. Under his leadership, Broward County Library was awarded \"Library of the Year\" in 1996 and grew to 38 branches. During his tenure as director, Morrison fundraised for the creation of the African American Research Library and Cultural Center, which serves as a public library as well as a special collections research center dedicated to the history and culture of the African diaspora. He attended the library's groundbreaking ceremony on October 23, 1999 and opening day on October 26, 2002.","Samuel F. Morrison actively participated in local and national organizations during his career. He served in the Fort Lauderdale Chapter of the NAACP, Urban League of Broward County, Florida Library Association (FLA), and American Library Association (ALA). He was president of the Florida Library Association in 1981. Morrison received awards and recognition including the FLA Lifetime Achievement Award, DEMCO/ALA Black Caucus Award for Excellence in Librarianship, Leadership Foundation Broward \"Leader of the Year\" Award, and the African American Achievers Award.","Morrison married Judith Moore in 1964 and divorced in 1985. He and his former wife had no children.\n "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSamuel F. Morrison Collection, African American Research Library and Cultural Center, Broward County Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Samuel F. Morrison Collection, African American Research Library and Cultural Center, Broward County Library."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection received file level processing. The finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This collection received file level processing. The finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://digitalarchives.broward.org/digital/collection/p16146coll26/search\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eView a selection of digitized materials from the Samuel F. Morrison Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Digitized Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["View a selection of digitized materials from the Samuel F. Morrison Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Samuel F. Morrison Collection is comprised of materials primarily dating from the 1970s to 2010s including correspondence, books, professional and personal papers, photographs, scrapbooks, plaques, ephemera, artwork, vinyl records, and VHS tapes. These materials document the professional and personal life of librarian Samuel F. Morrison, the creation of the Broward County Library's African American Research Library and Cultural Center, and the establishment of the Chicago Public Library's Harold Washington Library Center. The collection also contains materials related to Morrison's roles as director of the Frostproof Living Learning Library Center in Frostproof, Florida from 1972 to 1974, the assistant/deputy director of Broward County Library in Broward County, Florida from 1974 to 1987, the Chicago Public Library's Harold Washington Library Center's chief director from 1987 to 1990, and Director of the Broward County Library from 1990 to 2003. Also included are items related to Morrison's participation and leadership in local and national organizations.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Samuel F. Morrison Collection is comprised of materials primarily dating from the 1970s to 2010s including correspondence, books, professional and personal papers, photographs, scrapbooks, plaques, ephemera, artwork, vinyl records, and VHS tapes. These materials document the professional and personal life of librarian Samuel F. Morrison, the creation of the Broward County Library's African American Research Library and Cultural Center, and the establishment of the Chicago Public Library's Harold Washington Library Center. The collection also contains materials related to Morrison's roles as director of the Frostproof Living Learning Library Center in Frostproof, Florida from 1972 to 1974, the assistant/deputy director of Broward County Library in Broward County, Florida from 1974 to 1987, the Chicago Public Library's Harold Washington Library Center's chief director from 1987 to 1990, and Director of the Broward County Library from 1990 to 2003. Also included are items related to Morrison's participation and leadership in local and national organizations."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://broward.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBooks from the Morrison collection were cataloged in the Broward County Library catalog with the prefix \"SFM\".\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Books from the Morrison collection were cataloged in the Broward County Library catalog with the prefix \"SFM\"."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Samuel F. Morrison Collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Samuel F. Morrison Collection is open for research."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e2606958532f5daaff3ca0844861a4b4\"\u003eThe Samuel F. Morrison Collection contains materials primarily dating from the 1970s to 2010s that document the professional and personal life of librarian Samuel F. Morrison, the creation of the Broward County Library's African American Research Library and Cultural Center, and the Chicago Public Library's Harold Washington Library Center.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Samuel F. Morrison Collection contains materials primarily dating from the 1970s to 2010s that document the professional and personal life of librarian Samuel F. Morrison, the creation of the Broward County Library's African American Research Library and Cultural Center, and the Chicago Public Library's Harold Washington Library Center."],"names_coll_ssim":["Broward County Library","African American Research Library and Cultural Center","Chicago Public Library. Harold Washington Library Center","Morrison, Samuel F., 1936-"],"names_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections","Broward County Library","African American Research Library and Cultural Center","Chicago Public Library. Harold Washington Library Center","Morrison, Samuel F., 1936-"],"corpname_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections","Broward County Library","African American Research Library and Cultural Center","Chicago Public Library. Harold Washington Library Center"],"persname_ssim":["Morrison, Samuel F., 1936-"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":782,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1876455835659403264,"_root_":"5bfec06960a94373aa1cd96c","timestamp":"2026-09-16T03:02:16.331Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/5bfec06960a94373aa1cd96c_aspace_a7f2c41f3a177be5661d39d987d40553"}},{"id":"144fa3bc433b0b96565ce624","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Graham Salisbury literature collection, 1988-2004, Date acquired: 04/00/0015","creator":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/144fa3bc433b0b96565ce624#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["Salisbury, Graham (1944-)"],"label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/144fa3bc433b0b96565ce624#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["A collection of drafts, notes, correspondence, etc. for written works of Graham Salisbury."],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/144fa3bc433b0b96565ce624#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"144fa3bc433b0b96565ce624","title_ssm":["Graham Salisbury literature collection"],"title_tesim":["Graham Salisbury literature collection"],"ead_ssi":"144fa3bc433b0b96565ce624","unitdate_ssm":["1988-2004","Date acquired: 04/00/0015"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1988-2004"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 04/00/0015"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-2015-12","/repositories/2/resources/292"],"text":["MS-2015-12","/repositories/2/resources/292","Graham Salisbury literature collection, 1988-2004, Date acquired: 04/00/0015","Hawaii -- Description and travel -- Juvenile literature","Children's literature, American","World War, 1939-1945","Child authors","Arranged alphabetically by title, then subject material is organized chronologically.","Graham Salisbury is a children's author, known for writing about individual maturation of youth who live in the Hawiian Islands.","published","Hope Larson Collection","Ted Hipple Young Adult Literature Collection","http://grahamsalisbury.com/","None.  The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information.","A collection of drafts, notes, correspondence, etc. for written works of Graham Salisbury.","USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Salisbury, Graham (1944-)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-2015-12","/repositories/2/resources/292"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1988-2004, Date acquired: 04/00/0015"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Graham Salisbury literature collection, 1988-2004, Date acquired: 04/00/0015"],"collection_title_tesim":["Graham Salisbury literature collection, 1988-2004, Date acquired: 04/00/0015"],"collection_ssim":["Graham Salisbury literature collection, 1988-2004, Date acquired: 04/00/0015"],"repository_ssm":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"creator_ssm":["Salisbury, Graham (1944-)"],"creator_ssim":["Salisbury, Graham (1944-)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Salisbury, Graham (1944-)"],"creators_ssim":["Salisbury, Graham (1944-)"],"access_terms_ssm":["None.  The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Graham Salisbury","Donation; Received as Part of the Ted Hipple Young Adult Collection"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Hawaii -- Description and travel -- Juvenile literature","Children's literature, American","World War, 1939-1945","Child authors"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Hawaii -- Description and travel -- Juvenile literature","Children's literature, American","World War, 1939-1945","Child authors"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["6.46 Linear Feet","16 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["6.46 Linear Feet","16 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by title, then subject material is organized chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged alphabetically by title, then subject material is organized chronologically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGraham Salisbury is a children's author, known for writing about individual maturation of youth who live in the Hawiian Islands.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Graham Salisbury is a children's author, known for writing about individual maturation of youth who live in the Hawiian Islands."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003epublished\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Other Descriptive Information"],"odd_tesim":["published"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGraham Salisbury Literature Collection, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Graham Salisbury Literature Collection, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHope Larson Collection\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTed Hipple Young Adult Literature Collection\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ehttp://grahamsalisbury.com/\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Hope Larson Collection","Ted Hipple Young Adult Literature Collection","http://grahamsalisbury.com/"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone.\u0026#xA0; The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.\u0026#xA0; Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at \u003cextref href=\"http://www.copyright.gov/\"\u003ehttp://www.copyright.gov/\u003c/extref\u003e for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["None.  The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_51d7860c8be8f46f370176297d2f1bad\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eA collection of drafts, notes, correspondence, etc. for written works of Graham Salisbury.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["A collection of drafts, notes, correspondence, etc. for written works of Graham Salisbury."],"names_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Salisbury, Graham (1944-)"],"corpname_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Salisbury, Graham (1944-)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":40,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"144fa3bc433b0b96565ce624","timestamp":"2026-07-11T03:52:16.959Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"144fa3bc433b0b96565ce624","title_ssm":["Graham Salisbury literature collection"],"title_tesim":["Graham Salisbury literature collection"],"ead_ssi":"144fa3bc433b0b96565ce624","unitdate_ssm":["1988-2004","Date acquired: 04/00/0015"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1988-2004"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 04/00/0015"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-2015-12","/repositories/2/resources/292"],"text":["MS-2015-12","/repositories/2/resources/292","Graham Salisbury literature collection, 1988-2004, Date acquired: 04/00/0015","Hawaii -- Description and travel -- Juvenile literature","Children's literature, American","World War, 1939-1945","Child authors","Arranged alphabetically by title, then subject material is organized chronologically.","Graham Salisbury is a children's author, known for writing about individual maturation of youth who live in the Hawiian Islands.","published","Hope Larson Collection","Ted Hipple Young Adult Literature Collection","http://grahamsalisbury.com/","None.  The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information.","A collection of drafts, notes, correspondence, etc. for written works of Graham Salisbury.","USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Salisbury, Graham (1944-)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-2015-12","/repositories/2/resources/292"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1988-2004, Date acquired: 04/00/0015"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Graham Salisbury literature collection, 1988-2004, Date acquired: 04/00/0015"],"collection_title_tesim":["Graham Salisbury literature collection, 1988-2004, Date acquired: 04/00/0015"],"collection_ssim":["Graham Salisbury literature collection, 1988-2004, Date acquired: 04/00/0015"],"repository_ssm":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"creator_ssm":["Salisbury, Graham (1944-)"],"creator_ssim":["Salisbury, Graham (1944-)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Salisbury, Graham (1944-)"],"creators_ssim":["Salisbury, Graham (1944-)"],"access_terms_ssm":["None.  The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Graham Salisbury","Donation; 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The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.\u0026#xA0; Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at \u003cextref href=\"http://www.copyright.gov/\"\u003ehttp://www.copyright.gov/\u003c/extref\u003e for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["None.  The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_51d7860c8be8f46f370176297d2f1bad\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eA collection of drafts, notes, correspondence, etc. for written works of Graham Salisbury.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["A collection of drafts, notes, correspondence, etc. for written works of Graham Salisbury."],"names_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Salisbury, Graham (1944-)"],"corpname_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Salisbury, Graham (1944-)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":40,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"144fa3bc433b0b96565ce624","timestamp":"2026-07-11T03:52:16.959Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/144fa3bc433b0b96565ce624"}},{"id":"8e775b6d2c750c409e16ae47_aspace_85b59ffe0bc361a8215235b44b27b1b8","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Grant agreement, 1993, 1996","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/8e775b6d2c750c409e16ae47_aspace_85b59ffe0bc361a8215235b44b27b1b8#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_85b59ffe0bc361a8215235b44b27b1b8","ref_ssm":["aspace_85b59ffe0bc361a8215235b44b27b1b8","aspace_85b59ffe0bc361a8215235b44b27b1b8"],"id":"8e775b6d2c750c409e16ae47_aspace_85b59ffe0bc361a8215235b44b27b1b8","title_filing_ssi":"Grant agreement","title_ssm":["Grant agreement"],"title_tesim":["Grant agreement"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1993","1996"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1993, 1996"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Grant agreement, 1993, 1996"],"text":["Grant agreement, 1993, 1996","U.S.-Baltic Foundation records, 1990-2013, bulk 1992-1997","Latvian Files, 1993-2004","/repositories/4/archival_objects/83820","box 7","folder 4"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["8e775b6d2c750c409e16ae47","8e775b6d2c750c409e16ae47_aspace_6576cf477803f2282dc75129cf8897f2"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["U.S.-Baltic Foundation records, 1990-2013, bulk 1992-1997","Latvian Files, 1993-2004"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["U.S.-Baltic Foundation records, 1990-2013, bulk 1992-1997","Latvian Files, 1993-2004"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/4/archival_objects/83820"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["U.S.-Baltic Foundation records, 1990-2013, bulk 1992-1997"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":119,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The entire collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"date_range_isim":[1993,1996],"containers_ssim":["box 7","folder 4"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#3","_nest_parent_":"8e775b6d2c750c409e16ae47_aspace_6576cf477803f2282dc75129cf8897f2","_root_":"8e775b6d2c750c409e16ae47","_version_":1870857903575924736,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:05:32.282Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"8e775b6d2c750c409e16ae47","title_ssm":["U.S.-Baltic Foundation records"],"title_tesim":["U.S.-Baltic Foundation records"],"ead_ssi":"8e775b6d2c750c409e16ae47","unitdate_ssm":["1990-2013","1992-1997"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1992-1997"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1990-2013"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 142","/repositories/4/resources/321"],"text":["SC 142","/repositories/4/resources/321","U.S.-Baltic Foundation records, 1990-2013, bulk 1992-1997","Baltic States -- Foreign relations","Baltic States","United States -- Relations  --  Baltic States","Democratization","Democratization -- Europe, Eastern","Decentralization in government","newsletters","annual reports","financial statements","The entire collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged into four series as follows. Each series is arranged chronologically. \n I. U.S.-Baltic Foundation Files, 1990 – 2008 II. Latvia Files, 1991-1998 III. Estonia Files, 1993-2001 IV. Lithuania Files, 1992 – 2006","The U.S.-Baltic Foundation (USBF) was founded in 1990 as a response to the collapse of the Soviet Union and the United States' desire to restore independence and democracy to the Baltic States. In 1990, they also obtained non-profit status. As part of the U.S. Democracy Network, the U.S.-Baltic Foundation received a 2.4-million-dollar budget from Congress to work with Baltic organizations and embassies to aid in the democratization of Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia. USBF worked very closely with the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) on many of its projects and politicians from both U.S. political parties served on its board of trustees. USBF also received private support, accepting donations from American individuals and large non-profit organizations such as Pew Charitable Trusts and the Audrey Gruss Foundation. ","The U.S.-Baltic Foundation held Baltic Municipal Management Seminars and established Municipal Training Centers, which taught local Baltic officials how to govern in a capitalist system. Municipal Training Centers were created in partnership with universities in the Baltic States, including the University of Tartu in Estonia, the University of Latvia, and the Kaunas Technological University in Lithuania, emphasizing decentralization and providing opportunities to visit America and observe how government operated in a capitalist society. The Foundation also worked to introduce free press to the Baltic states through exchange programs that allowed Baltic media personnel to visit news stations in Washington D.C. and Dallas, Texas. These visits gave Baltic media personnel examples of how the free press operated. USBF also had country-specific programs such as helping the Jewish community in Lithuania build a community center, creating an AIDS-Information and Support center in Estonia, and donating to the Latvian Society of Nature and Monuments Protection. USBF supported many organizations such as these and was a crucial part of democratizing the Baltic states. USBF's operations slowed in 2011. In 2019, USBF donated $250,000, the last of its cash assets, to the University of Central Florida for a new dual undergraduate program in public administration and nonprofit management in partnership with Kaunas University of Technology in Lithuania. ","Processed by and finding aid prepared by Stanley Shen in 2024.","Joint Baltic American National Committee records , Immigration History Research Center Archives, University of Minnesota Libraries.","The U.S.-Baltic Foundation records, 1990-2013, documents the work of the U.S.-Baltic Foundation, a non-profit organization that aimed to support the democratization of the Baltic States after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The collection consists of financial reports, legal documents, newspaper articles, newsletters, magazines, and a small number of photographs documenting the Foundation's activities and programs in Latvia, Estonia, and Lithuania.  It also contains briefings, which offer broad information on various projects, monthly events, and final reports on a project's progress.  Proposals, agreements, and modifications of  grants awarded by the U.S.-Baltic Foundation are also included. This collection offers insight into American efforts to restore democracy in former Soviet states of Eastern Europe, steering Baltic states away from communism and encouraging free markets.  Through initiatives promoting press freedom, decentralization, and the creation of PhD programs in the Baltic States, the U.S.-Baltic Foundation significantly aided the Baltic States' transition to capitalism and democracy. ","Series I: U.S.-Baltic Foundation Files, 1990 – 2008, contain organizational records and major project files that document the U.S.-Baltic Foundation's work with multiple Baltic countries. It includes grant agreements, modifications, the U.S.-Baltic Foundation in media such as new clippings or articles, emails, newsletters, financial documents, legal documents, and reports about programs, such as the Baltic Municipal Training Institute. It also documents the Foundation's efforts to obtain non-profit status.  This series is arranged by like-item.  ","Series II: Latvian Files, 1991-1998, contain materials related to projects in Latvia. The series includes grant paperwork, emails, financial reports, and proposals. The files document the brand-new U.S.-Baltic Foundation's first contact with Latvian social programs.  ","Series III: Estonia Files, 1993-2001, contains materials related to projects in Estonia. The series includes grant paperwork, emails, and financial files. The U.S.-Baltic Foundation's work in Estonia is centered around protecting the environment. The U.S.-Baltic Foundation worked very closely with the Estonian Green Movement, providing financial aid.  ","Series IV: Lithuanian files, 1992 – 2006, contain materials related to projects in Lithuania. The series includes grant paperwork, emails, thank you letters, correspondence with local authorities, and financial files. The U.S.-Baltic Foundation's activities in Lithuania demonstrate the organization's evolving role over time. Initially, the Foundation supported Lithuania in a similar way as the other states by creating a Municipal Training Center and the Kaunas Technological University in Lithuania. This Municipal Training Center taught local officials how to govern in a capitalist democracy. Later, the U.S.-Baltic Foundation began to focus on community growth, such as creating summer camps for students and building a community center for the Jewish population. ","Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","The U.S.-Baltic Foundation records, 1990-2013, documents the work of the U.S.-Baltic Foundation, a non-profit organization that aimed to support the democratization of the Baltic States after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The collection consists of financial reports, legal documents, newspaper articles, newsletters, magazines, and a small number of photographs documenting the Foundation's activities and programs in Latvia, Estonia, and Lithuania.  It also contains briefings, which offer broad information on various projects, monthly events, and final reports on a project's progress.  Proposals, agreements, and modifications of  grants awarded by the U.S.-Baltic Foundation are also included. \n\nThe U.S.-Baltic Foundation (USBF) was founded in 1990 as a response to the collapse of the Soviet Union and the United States' desire to restore independence and democracy to the Baltic States. In 1990, they also obtained non-profit status. As part of the U.S. Democracy Network, the U.S.-Baltic Foundation received a 2.4-million-dollar budget from Congress to work with Baltic organizations and embassies to aid in the democratization of Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia. USBF held Baltic Municipal Management Seminars and established Municipal Training Centers, which taught local Baltic officials how to govern in a capitalist system. Municipal Training Centers were created in partnership with universities in the Baltic States, including the University of Tartu in Estonia, the University of Latvia, and the Kaunas Technological University in Lithuania, emphasizing decentralization and providing opportunities to visit America and observe how government operated in a capitalist society. USBF's operations slowed in 2011. In 2019, USBF donated $250,000, the last of its cash assets, to the University of Central Florida for a new dual undergraduate program in public administration and nonprofit management in partnership with Kaunas University of Technology in Lithuania.","UCF Special Collections","U.S.-Baltic Foundation","United States. Agency for International Development","National Endowment for Democracy (U.S.)","English Latvian Lithuanian Estonian"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 142","/repositories/4/resources/321"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1990-2013, bulk 1992-1997"],"normalized_title_ssm":["U.S.-Baltic Foundation records, 1990-2013, bulk 1992-1997"],"collection_title_tesim":["U.S.-Baltic Foundation records, 1990-2013, bulk 1992-1997"],"collection_ssim":["U.S.-Baltic Foundation records, 1990-2013, bulk 1992-1997"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Baltic States -- Foreign relations","Baltic States","United States -- Relations  --  Baltic States"],"geogname_ssim":["Baltic States -- Foreign relations","Baltic States","United States -- Relations  --  Baltic States"],"creator_ssm":["U.S.-Baltic Foundation"],"creator_ssim":["U.S.-Baltic Foundation"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["U.S.-Baltic Foundation"],"creators_ssim":["U.S.-Baltic Foundation"],"places_ssim":["Baltic States -- Foreign relations","Baltic States","United States -- Relations  --  Baltic States"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Jeff Nelson in 2023 (Accession no. CFM2023_04)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Democratization","Democratization -- Europe, Eastern","Decentralization in government","newsletters","annual reports","financial statements"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Democratization","Democratization -- Europe, Eastern","Decentralization in government","newsletters","annual reports","financial statements"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["6 Linear Feet 12 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["6 Linear Feet 12 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["newsletters","annual reports","financial statements"],"date_range_isim":[1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into four series as follows. Each series is arranged chronologically.\u0026#x202F;\n\u003cul style=\"list-style-type:none;\"\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eI. U.S.-Baltic Foundation Files, 1990 \u0026#x2013; 2008\u003c/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eII. Latvia Files, 1991-1998\u003c/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIII. Estonia Files, 1993-2001\u003c/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIV. Lithuania Files, 1992 \u0026#x2013; 2006\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into four series as follows. Each series is arranged chronologically. \n I. U.S.-Baltic Foundation Files, 1990 – 2008 II. Latvia Files, 1991-1998 III. Estonia Files, 1993-2001 IV. Lithuania Files, 1992 – 2006"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe U.S.-Baltic Foundation (USBF) was founded in 1990 as a response to the collapse of the Soviet Union and the United States' desire to restore independence and democracy to the Baltic States. In 1990, they also obtained non-profit status. As part of the U.S. Democracy Network, the U.S.-Baltic Foundation received a 2.4-million-dollar budget from Congress to work with Baltic organizations and embassies to aid in the democratization of Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia. USBF worked very closely with the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) on many of its projects and politicians from both U.S. political parties served on its board of trustees. USBF also received private support, accepting donations from American individuals and large non-profit organizations such as Pew Charitable Trusts and the Audrey Gruss Foundation. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe U.S.-Baltic Foundation held Baltic Municipal Management Seminars and established Municipal Training Centers, which taught local Baltic officials how to govern in a capitalist system. Municipal Training Centers were created in partnership with universities in the Baltic States, including the University of Tartu in Estonia, the University of Latvia, and the Kaunas Technological University in Lithuania, emphasizing decentralization and providing opportunities to visit America and observe how government operated in a capitalist society. The Foundation also worked to introduce free press to the Baltic states through exchange programs that allowed Baltic media personnel to visit news stations in Washington D.C. and Dallas, Texas. These visits gave Baltic media personnel examples of how the free press operated. USBF also had country-specific programs such as helping the Jewish community in Lithuania build a community center, creating an AIDS-Information and Support center in Estonia, and donating to the Latvian Society of Nature and Monuments Protection. USBF supported many organizations such as these and was a crucial part of democratizing the Baltic states. USBF's operations slowed in 2011. In 2019, USBF donated $250,000, the last of its cash assets, to the University of Central Florida for a new dual undergraduate program in public administration and nonprofit management in partnership with Kaunas University of Technology in Lithuania. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The U.S.-Baltic Foundation (USBF) was founded in 1990 as a response to the collapse of the Soviet Union and the United States' desire to restore independence and democracy to the Baltic States. In 1990, they also obtained non-profit status. As part of the U.S. Democracy Network, the U.S.-Baltic Foundation received a 2.4-million-dollar budget from Congress to work with Baltic organizations and embassies to aid in the democratization of Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia. USBF worked very closely with the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) on many of its projects and politicians from both U.S. political parties served on its board of trustees. USBF also received private support, accepting donations from American individuals and large non-profit organizations such as Pew Charitable Trusts and the Audrey Gruss Foundation. ","The U.S.-Baltic Foundation held Baltic Municipal Management Seminars and established Municipal Training Centers, which taught local Baltic officials how to govern in a capitalist system. Municipal Training Centers were created in partnership with universities in the Baltic States, including the University of Tartu in Estonia, the University of Latvia, and the Kaunas Technological University in Lithuania, emphasizing decentralization and providing opportunities to visit America and observe how government operated in a capitalist society. The Foundation also worked to introduce free press to the Baltic states through exchange programs that allowed Baltic media personnel to visit news stations in Washington D.C. and Dallas, Texas. These visits gave Baltic media personnel examples of how the free press operated. USBF also had country-specific programs such as helping the Jewish community in Lithuania build a community center, creating an AIDS-Information and Support center in Estonia, and donating to the Latvian Society of Nature and Monuments Protection. USBF supported many organizations such as these and was a crucial part of democratizing the Baltic states. USBF's operations slowed in 2011. In 2019, USBF donated $250,000, the last of its cash assets, to the University of Central Florida for a new dual undergraduate program in public administration and nonprofit management in partnership with Kaunas University of Technology in Lithuania. "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], U.S.-Baltic Foundation records, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], U.S.-Baltic Foundation records, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by and finding aid prepared by Stanley Shen in 2024.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by and finding aid prepared by Stanley Shen in 2024."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref href=\"https://archives.lib.umn.edu/repositories/6/resources/5880\"\u003eJoint Baltic American National Committee records\u003c/extref\u003e, Immigration History Research Center Archives, University of Minnesota Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Joint Baltic American National Committee records , Immigration History Research Center Archives, University of Minnesota Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe U.S.-Baltic Foundation records, 1990-2013, documents the work of the U.S.-Baltic Foundation, a non-profit organization that aimed to support the democratization of the Baltic States after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The collection consists of financial reports, legal documents, newspaper articles, newsletters, magazines, and a small number of photographs documenting the Foundation's activities and programs in Latvia, Estonia, and Lithuania.  It also contains briefings, which offer broad information on various projects, monthly events, and final reports on a project's progress.  Proposals, agreements, and modifications of  grants awarded by the U.S.-Baltic Foundation are also included. This collection offers insight into American efforts to restore democracy in former Soviet states of Eastern Europe, steering Baltic states away from communism and encouraging free markets.  Through initiatives promoting press freedom, decentralization, and the creation of PhD programs in the Baltic States, the U.S.-Baltic Foundation significantly aided the Baltic States' transition to capitalism and democracy. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries I: U.S.-Baltic Foundation Files, 1990 \u0026#x2013; 2008, contain organizational records and major project files that document the U.S.-Baltic Foundation's work with multiple Baltic countries. It includes grant agreements, modifications, the U.S.-Baltic Foundation in media such as new clippings or articles, emails, newsletters, financial documents, legal documents, and reports about programs, such as the Baltic Municipal Training Institute. It also documents the Foundation's efforts to obtain non-profit status.  This series is arranged by like-item.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries II: Latvian Files, 1991-1998, contain materials related to projects in Latvia. The series includes grant paperwork, emails, financial reports, and proposals. The files document the brand-new U.S.-Baltic Foundation's first contact with Latvian social programs.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries III: Estonia Files, 1993-2001, contains materials related to projects in Estonia. The series includes grant paperwork, emails, and financial files. The U.S.-Baltic Foundation's work in Estonia is centered around protecting the environment. The U.S.-Baltic Foundation worked very closely with the Estonian Green Movement, providing financial aid.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV: Lithuanian files, 1992 \u0026#x2013; 2006, contain materials related to projects in Lithuania. The series includes grant paperwork, emails, thank you letters, correspondence with local authorities, and financial files. The U.S.-Baltic Foundation's activities in Lithuania demonstrate the organization's evolving role over time. Initially, the Foundation supported Lithuania in a similar way as the other states by creating a Municipal Training Center and the Kaunas Technological University in Lithuania. This Municipal Training Center taught local officials how to govern in a capitalist democracy. Later, the U.S.-Baltic Foundation began to focus on community growth, such as creating summer camps for students and building a community center for the Jewish population. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The U.S.-Baltic Foundation records, 1990-2013, documents the work of the U.S.-Baltic Foundation, a non-profit organization that aimed to support the democratization of the Baltic States after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The collection consists of financial reports, legal documents, newspaper articles, newsletters, magazines, and a small number of photographs documenting the Foundation's activities and programs in Latvia, Estonia, and Lithuania.  It also contains briefings, which offer broad information on various projects, monthly events, and final reports on a project's progress.  Proposals, agreements, and modifications of  grants awarded by the U.S.-Baltic Foundation are also included. This collection offers insight into American efforts to restore democracy in former Soviet states of Eastern Europe, steering Baltic states away from communism and encouraging free markets.  Through initiatives promoting press freedom, decentralization, and the creation of PhD programs in the Baltic States, the U.S.-Baltic Foundation significantly aided the Baltic States' transition to capitalism and democracy. ","Series I: U.S.-Baltic Foundation Files, 1990 – 2008, contain organizational records and major project files that document the U.S.-Baltic Foundation's work with multiple Baltic countries. It includes grant agreements, modifications, the U.S.-Baltic Foundation in media such as new clippings or articles, emails, newsletters, financial documents, legal documents, and reports about programs, such as the Baltic Municipal Training Institute. It also documents the Foundation's efforts to obtain non-profit status.  This series is arranged by like-item.  ","Series II: Latvian Files, 1991-1998, contain materials related to projects in Latvia. The series includes grant paperwork, emails, financial reports, and proposals. The files document the brand-new U.S.-Baltic Foundation's first contact with Latvian social programs.  ","Series III: Estonia Files, 1993-2001, contains materials related to projects in Estonia. The series includes grant paperwork, emails, and financial files. The U.S.-Baltic Foundation's work in Estonia is centered around protecting the environment. The U.S.-Baltic Foundation worked very closely with the Estonian Green Movement, providing financial aid.  ","Series IV: Lithuanian files, 1992 – 2006, contain materials related to projects in Lithuania. The series includes grant paperwork, emails, thank you letters, correspondence with local authorities, and financial files. The U.S.-Baltic Foundation's activities in Lithuania demonstrate the organization's evolving role over time. Initially, the Foundation supported Lithuania in a similar way as the other states by creating a Municipal Training Center and the Kaunas Technological University in Lithuania. This Municipal Training Center taught local officials how to govern in a capitalist democracy. Later, the U.S.-Baltic Foundation began to focus on community growth, such as creating summer camps for students and building a community center for the Jewish population. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Copyright Statement"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_7ce0e7f5258c72c34f947e506f6800df\"\u003eThe U.S.-Baltic Foundation records, 1990-2013, documents the work of the U.S.-Baltic Foundation, a non-profit organization that aimed to support the democratization of the Baltic States after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The collection consists of financial reports, legal documents, newspaper articles, newsletters, magazines, and a small number of photographs documenting the Foundation's activities and programs in Latvia, Estonia, and Lithuania.  It also contains briefings, which offer broad information on various projects, monthly events, and final reports on a project's progress.  Proposals, agreements, and modifications of  grants awarded by the U.S.-Baltic Foundation are also included. \n\nThe U.S.-Baltic Foundation (USBF) was founded in 1990 as a response to the collapse of the Soviet Union and the United States' desire to restore independence and democracy to the Baltic States. In 1990, they also obtained non-profit status. As part of the U.S. Democracy Network, the U.S.-Baltic Foundation received a 2.4-million-dollar budget from Congress to work with Baltic organizations and embassies to aid in the democratization of Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia. USBF held Baltic Municipal Management Seminars and established Municipal Training Centers, which taught local Baltic officials how to govern in a capitalist system. Municipal Training Centers were created in partnership with universities in the Baltic States, including the University of Tartu in Estonia, the University of Latvia, and the Kaunas Technological University in Lithuania, emphasizing decentralization and providing opportunities to visit America and observe how government operated in a capitalist society. USBF's operations slowed in 2011. In 2019, USBF donated $250,000, the last of its cash assets, to the University of Central Florida for a new dual undergraduate program in public administration and nonprofit management in partnership with Kaunas University of Technology in Lithuania.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The U.S.-Baltic Foundation records, 1990-2013, documents the work of the U.S.-Baltic Foundation, a non-profit organization that aimed to support the democratization of the Baltic States after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The collection consists of financial reports, legal documents, newspaper articles, newsletters, magazines, and a small number of photographs documenting the Foundation's activities and programs in Latvia, Estonia, and Lithuania.  It also contains briefings, which offer broad information on various projects, monthly events, and final reports on a project's progress.  Proposals, agreements, and modifications of  grants awarded by the U.S.-Baltic Foundation are also included. \n\nThe U.S.-Baltic Foundation (USBF) was founded in 1990 as a response to the collapse of the Soviet Union and the United States' desire to restore independence and democracy to the Baltic States. In 1990, they also obtained non-profit status. As part of the U.S. Democracy Network, the U.S.-Baltic Foundation received a 2.4-million-dollar budget from Congress to work with Baltic organizations and embassies to aid in the democratization of Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia. USBF held Baltic Municipal Management Seminars and established Municipal Training Centers, which taught local Baltic officials how to govern in a capitalist system. Municipal Training Centers were created in partnership with universities in the Baltic States, including the University of Tartu in Estonia, the University of Latvia, and the Kaunas Technological University in Lithuania, emphasizing decentralization and providing opportunities to visit America and observe how government operated in a capitalist society. USBF's operations slowed in 2011. In 2019, USBF donated $250,000, the last of its cash assets, to the University of Central Florida for a new dual undergraduate program in public administration and nonprofit management in partnership with Kaunas University of Technology in Lithuania."],"names_coll_ssim":["U.S.-Baltic Foundation","United States. Agency for International Development","National Endowment for Democracy (U.S.)"],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","U.S.-Baltic Foundation","United States. Agency for International Development","National Endowment for Democracy (U.S.)"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","U.S.-Baltic Foundation","United States. Agency for International Development","National Endowment for Democracy (U.S.)"],"language_ssim":["English Latvian Lithuanian Estonian"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":208,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870857903575924736,"_root_":"8e775b6d2c750c409e16ae47","timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:05:32.282Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/8e775b6d2c750c409e16ae47_aspace_85b59ffe0bc361a8215235b44b27b1b8"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Southwest Florida Regional Planning Council Collection, 1920-2020","value":"Southwest Florida Regional Planning Council Collection, 1920-2020","hits":343},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Southwest+Florida+Regional+Planning+Council+Collection%2C+1920-2020\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1996"}},{"attributes":{"label":"USF Athletics collection, bulk 1956-Present","value":"USF Athletics collection, bulk 1956-Present","hits":255},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=USF+Athletics+collection%2C+bulk+1956-Present\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1996"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Sally Thompson collection, 1976-2019","value":"Sally Thompson collection, 1976-2019","hits":234},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Sally+Thompson+collection%2C+1976-2019\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1996"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Dr. Edna Louise Saffy Papers, 1962-2013","value":"Dr. Edna Louise Saffy Papers, 1962-2013","hits":199},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Dr.+Edna+Louise+Saffy+Papers%2C+1962-2013\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1996"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Susan Evans Papers, 1988-2021, bulk 1993-2011, 1995-2007","value":"Susan Evans Papers, 1988-2021, bulk 1993-2011, 1995-2007","hits":184},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Susan+Evans+Papers%2C+1988-2021%2C+bulk+1993-2011%2C+1995-2007\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1996"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Democratic Women's Club of Florida, Inc. 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