{"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1982\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026page=136","prev":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1982\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026page=135","next":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1982\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026page=137","last":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1982\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026page=341"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":136,"next_page":137,"prev_page":135,"total_pages":341,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":1350,"total_count":3410,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_1619924df9c84e328637b03969b12583","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"General José B. Alemán, 1946, 1999","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_1619924df9c84e328637b03969b12583#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_1619924df9c84e328637b03969b12583","ref_ssm":["aspace_1619924df9c84e328637b03969b12583","aspace_1619924df9c84e328637b03969b12583"],"id":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_1619924df9c84e328637b03969b12583","title_filing_ssi":"General José B. Alemán","title_ssm":["General José B. Alemán"],"title_tesim":["General José B. Alemán"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1946, 1999"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1946, 1999"],"normalized_title_ssm":["General José B. Alemán, 1946, 1999"],"text":["General José B. Alemán, 1946, 1999","José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013","Personal Files, 1887-2011, Undated","Folder 13","/repositories/4/archival_objects/54106","box 19","folder 13"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_65c14964c404730e716ecc3656fa690b"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013","Personal Files, 1887-2011, Undated"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013","Personal Files, 1887-2011, Undated"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["Folder 13","/repositories/4/archival_objects/54106"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":227,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The entire collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder."],"date_range_isim":[1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999],"containers_ssim":["box 19","folder 13"],"_nest_path_":"/components#3/components#12","_nest_parent_":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_65c14964c404730e716ecc3656fa690b","_root_":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","_version_":1870857755411087360,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:03:10.972Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","title_ssm":["José Guerra Alemán Collection"],"title_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection"],"ead_ssi":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","unitdate_ssm":["1887-2013"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1887-2013"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC.098","/repositories/4/resources/204"],"text":["SC.098","/repositories/4/resources/204","José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013","Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs","Cuba -- History -- Description and Travel","Cuba -- History -- Pictorial works","correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","The entire collection is open for research.","José Guerra Alemán was born to José Guerra and Herminia Alemán-Valdes on November 20, 1922 in Cuba. He referred to alternative names such as José Guerra Alemán, his initials J.G.A. and his nickname Pepín. Many of his closest friends and family called him as Pepín. His family contained of six members that included his three siblings, Maria Vicenta Guerra, Rafael Luis Guerra, and an eldest brother who his name is unknown. His brother, Rafael L. Guerra was born on November 20, 1926 in Habana, Cuba and died on October 2, 1998 in Miami, Florida. His sister, Maria, was born on June 19, 1924 in Habana, Cuba. A year after her brother's death, she died on February 27, 1999 in Miami, Florida. In her later years, she was a homemaker and she never married.","In his early years, he enrolled in the United States military at the age of 20 in 1942. He participated in the 8th Army (Octavo Ejército) of EE.UU. (United States). He covered the campaign of the Pacific as the 35th Division of Infantry (35 División de Infantería) called División Relámpago (Lightning Division). He finished training in the military at Fort Dix, Burlington County, New Jersey in the Delaware River region on October of 1946.","Once he finished his service, he returned to Cuba and founded a company called CINEPERIODICO in 1947. His motivation of starting this company began from his interest in journalism. At the age of 16, he delved into both journalism and short films/news films. He was one of the editors of Él País, La Habana. These experiences guided him to globally make notorious documentaries and cinematography of actual events and issues. He traveled around the globe. For instance, he registered for a temporary immigration card to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1959 as a journalist. As a result for his traveling, he encountered prominent leaders of various movements.","One of those encounters, José Guerra Alemán climbed the Mountains of Sierra Maestra, in the province of East of the Island of Cuba to interview Fidel Castro and Che Guevara. Under the agency of his company, CINEPERIODICO, he personally knew these men and those who were a part of the guerillas during the Cuban Revolution. In 1950, he worked with José García and Eduardo Hernández (Guayo) in the same company. José Guerra Alemán directed films such as Sangre Y Esperanza: La Cuba de Hoy (Blood and Hope: the Cuba of Today and El Gran Recuento (The Great Story). He also took the position as the Senior Vice President of Guastella Film Producers Inc., an advertising firm in Puerto Rico, where he did similar works until he retired in 1990. This included the creation of historical documentary films.","With his interest in Cuba's history and living at a time of historical changes in Cuba, he wrote extensive materials along those themes. He wrote Aún Hay Luna En Los Cerros, Ensayos (Las Mayorías Discriminadas): En Defensa de la Mujer, Barro y Cenizas (Díalogos con Fidel Castro y el Che Guevara), and Juro Pero No Prometo (Biografía de su Abuelo el General José Braulio Alemán). His major work composes four volumes of encyclopedias called Cuba Infinita. Each book contains specific chronological decades and starts from 1855, when the first photographs of the city were available by American artist Fredericks De Forest, to 1958, when the Republic collapsed. The volumes includes more than a thousand selected photos of the history of Cuba, from colonial times to the Spanish American War. The reader walks through time and gets to see the transformation of Cuba. He included photographs received by family, friends, colleagues and what he collected from his travels. He also was inspired and guided from the work called La Enciclopedia de Cuba.","Understanding where his family came from and knowing the other members of his family tree can provide a part of José Guerra Alemán's identity. Jose Guerra Alemán's maternal bloodline had a huge role in the movement toward Cuba's independence against colonialism and imperialism. His grandfather named José Braulio Guerra Alemán fought in the Spanish-American War as a Cuban Brigadier General and was the principal author to the Constitution of Cuba proclaimed at Yara in 1896. He worked as a lawyer, newspaper owner, advocate of the liberation of Cuba, senator and governor for the province of Las Villas, minister of Education and ambassador to Mexico. His half uncle, José Manuel Alemán, served in the Cuban government as Minister of Education during the presidency of Dr. Ramón Grau San Martin, president of the Authentic Party (Partido Auténtico) in La Habana, and Senator of the Republic. His family went through three generations of leaders and fighters for Cuban independence through revolutions or preserving its history and culture.","He rested on February 22, 2013 in Miami, Florida. He survived his wife named Lidia Llano who he married on September 22, 1945 and left a son named Carlos Guerra Llano. He left a mark of what he had done, significant work in Cuba's history. However, he has not been given as much attention as he deserves in any setting, especially in academia. It is the many aspects of unknown history and researching the people from below like Alemán. He was a Cuban, veteran, journalist, nontraditional historian, and founder of a journalist business.","Materials are housed in acid free folders and boxes; photographs and negatives were placed in clear sleeves; publications removed from the collection and cataloged separately.","Books collected by José Guerra Alemán can be found by performing a series search for \"José Guerra Alemán Collection\" in the UCF Libraries catalog.","This collection was arranged in seven series:","\nSeries I. Manuscripts, 1915-2013, Undated, includes notes that Alemán took on varieties of subjects. His interests ranged from the origin of words and meaning of phrases to his summaries and interpretations of authors' works.","\nSeries II: Research Files, 1898-2012, Undated, holds a combination of newspapers, images, and works of others where Alemán used for the publication of Cuba Infinita and his work on Cuban and Latin American history, involving their relations to other countries.","\nSeries III: Publications, 1987-2008, Undated, contains his writings that has drafts of his published work, his articles from newspapers, and promotional materials advertising his works.","\nSeries IV: Personal Files, 1887-2011, Undated, provides letters between Aleman and his family members and between Aleman and business workers. They share insight of Aleman's genealogy and Aleman's work ethic. Series also includes various maps and postcards. ","\nSeries V: Visual Materials, Circa 1900-Circa 2000, Undated, includes photographs and negatives of José G. Alemán and his relatives; overseas trips as a Journalist; and images of Cuba, cubans, and public buildings. Series also includes a CD of \"Fidel Castro: La Historia Lo Absolvera\" and another CD contains a song from Marisela Verena \"Mi Pinar del Rio\".","\nSeries VI: Memorabilia, 1926-1977, Undated, comprises hats from different places that Aleman travelled, identification cards, and a lottery ticket from Republic of Cuba, 1949.","\nSeries VII: Oversize Materials, 1958-2008, Undated, includes large maps of various countries, posters, a proof sheet for Cuba Infinita, and a game card \"La Charada Cubana.\"","Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder.","The collection is filled with Cuban history and researched materials on society's past was created by Cuban and American journalist José Guerra Alemán. The materials range from photographs of his travels to cultural sites and countries to personal notes on literature of other scholars' works and his published books. He is most notable of his published four-volume encyclopedia on Cuban history called Cuba Infinita.","UCF Special Collections","Guerra Alemán, José","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC.098","/repositories/4/resources/204"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1887-2013"],"normalized_title_ssm":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"collection_title_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"collection_ssim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs"],"geogname_ssim":["Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs"],"creator_ssm":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"creator_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"creators_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"places_ssim":["Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated by Carlos Guerra, José Guerra Alemán's son, to the University of Central Florida Libraries in 2014. (CFM2014_07)"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Cuba -- History -- Description and Travel","Cuba -- History -- Pictorial works","correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Cuba -- History -- Description and Travel","Cuba -- History -- Pictorial works","correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["17.5 Linear Feet 20 boxes, 1 Flat File"],"extent_tesim":["17.5 Linear Feet 20 boxes, 1 Flat File"],"genreform_ssim":["correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints"],"date_range_isim":[1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n was born to Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra and Herminia Alem\u0026#xE1;n-Valdes on November 20, 1922 in Cuba. He referred to alternative names such as Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n, his initials J.G.A. and his nickname Pep\u0026#xED;n. Many of his closest friends and family called him as Pep\u0026#xED;n. His family contained of six members that included his three siblings, Maria Vicenta Guerra, Rafael Luis Guerra, and an eldest brother who his name is unknown. His brother, Rafael L. Guerra was born on November 20, 1926 in Habana, Cuba and died on October 2, 1998 in Miami, Florida. His sister, Maria, was born on June 19, 1924 in Habana, Cuba. A year after her brother's death, she died on February 27, 1999 in Miami, Florida. In her later years, she was a homemaker and she never married.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn his early years, he enrolled in the United States military at the age of 20 in 1942. He participated in the 8th Army (Octavo Ej\u0026#xE9;rcito) of EE.UU. (United States). He covered the campaign of the Pacific as the 35th Division of Infantry (35 Divisi\u0026#xF3;n de Infanter\u0026#xED;a) called Divisi\u0026#xF3;n Rel\u0026#xE1;mpago (Lightning Division). He finished training in the military at Fort Dix, Burlington County, New Jersey in the Delaware River region on October of 1946.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOnce he finished his service, he returned to Cuba and founded a company called CINEPERIODICO in 1947. His motivation of starting this company began from his interest in journalism. At the age of 16, he delved into both journalism and short films/news films. He was one of the editors of \u0026#xC9;l Pa\u0026#xED;s, La Habana. These experiences guided him to globally make notorious documentaries and cinematography of actual events and issues. He traveled around the globe. For instance, he registered for a temporary immigration card to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1959 as a journalist. As a result for his traveling, he encountered prominent leaders of various movements.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOne of those encounters, Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n climbed the Mountains of Sierra Maestra, in the province of East of the Island of Cuba to interview Fidel Castro and Che Guevara. Under the agency of his company, CINEPERIODICO, he personally knew these men and those who were a part of the guerillas during the Cuban Revolution. In 1950, he worked with Jos\u0026#xE9; Garc\u0026#xED;a and Eduardo Hern\u0026#xE1;ndez (Guayo) in the same company. Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n directed films such as Sangre Y Esperanza: La Cuba de Hoy (Blood and Hope: the Cuba of Today and El Gran Recuento (The Great Story). He also took the position as the Senior Vice President of Guastella Film Producers Inc., an advertising firm in Puerto Rico, where he did similar works until he retired in 1990. This included the creation of historical documentary films.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWith his interest in Cuba's history and living at a time of historical changes in Cuba, he wrote extensive materials along those themes. He wrote A\u0026#xFA;n Hay Luna En Los Cerros, Ensayos (Las Mayor\u0026#xED;as Discriminadas): En Defensa de la Mujer, Barro y Cenizas (D\u0026#xED;alogos con Fidel Castro y el Che Guevara), and Juro Pero No Prometo (Biograf\u0026#xED;a de su Abuelo el General Jos\u0026#xE9; Braulio Alem\u0026#xE1;n). His major work composes four volumes of encyclopedias called Cuba Infinita. Each book contains specific chronological decades and starts from 1855, when the first photographs of the city were available by American artist Fredericks De Forest, to 1958, when the Republic collapsed. The volumes includes more than a thousand selected photos of the history of Cuba, from colonial times to the Spanish American War. The reader walks through time and gets to see the transformation of Cuba. He included photographs received by family, friends, colleagues and what he collected from his travels. He also was inspired and guided from the work called La Enciclopedia de Cuba.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUnderstanding where his family came from and knowing the other members of his family tree can provide a part of Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n's identity. Jose Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n's maternal bloodline had a huge role in the movement toward Cuba's independence against colonialism and imperialism. His grandfather named Jos\u0026#xE9; Braulio Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n fought in the Spanish-American War as a Cuban Brigadier General and was the principal author to the Constitution of Cuba proclaimed at Yara in 1896. He worked as a lawyer, newspaper owner, advocate of the liberation of Cuba, senator and governor for the province of Las Villas, minister of Education and ambassador to Mexico. His half uncle, Jos\u0026#xE9; Manuel Alem\u0026#xE1;n, served in the Cuban government as Minister of Education during the presidency of Dr. Ram\u0026#xF3;n Grau San Martin, president of the Authentic Party (Partido Aut\u0026#xE9;ntico) in La Habana, and Senator of the Republic. His family went through three generations of leaders and fighters for Cuban independence through revolutions or preserving its history and culture.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe rested on February 22, 2013 in Miami, Florida. He survived his wife named Lidia Llano who he married on September 22, 1945 and left a son named Carlos Guerra Llano. He left a mark of what he had done, significant work in Cuba's history. However, he has not been given as much attention as he deserves in any setting, especially in academia. It is the many aspects of unknown history and researching the people from below like Alem\u0026#xE1;n. He was a Cuban, veteran, journalist, nontraditional historian, and founder of a journalist business.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán was born to José Guerra and Herminia Alemán-Valdes on November 20, 1922 in Cuba. He referred to alternative names such as José Guerra Alemán, his initials J.G.A. and his nickname Pepín. Many of his closest friends and family called him as Pepín. His family contained of six members that included his three siblings, Maria Vicenta Guerra, Rafael Luis Guerra, and an eldest brother who his name is unknown. His brother, Rafael L. Guerra was born on November 20, 1926 in Habana, Cuba and died on October 2, 1998 in Miami, Florida. His sister, Maria, was born on June 19, 1924 in Habana, Cuba. A year after her brother's death, she died on February 27, 1999 in Miami, Florida. In her later years, she was a homemaker and she never married.","In his early years, he enrolled in the United States military at the age of 20 in 1942. He participated in the 8th Army (Octavo Ejército) of EE.UU. (United States). He covered the campaign of the Pacific as the 35th Division of Infantry (35 División de Infantería) called División Relámpago (Lightning Division). He finished training in the military at Fort Dix, Burlington County, New Jersey in the Delaware River region on October of 1946.","Once he finished his service, he returned to Cuba and founded a company called CINEPERIODICO in 1947. His motivation of starting this company began from his interest in journalism. At the age of 16, he delved into both journalism and short films/news films. He was one of the editors of Él País, La Habana. These experiences guided him to globally make notorious documentaries and cinematography of actual events and issues. He traveled around the globe. For instance, he registered for a temporary immigration card to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1959 as a journalist. As a result for his traveling, he encountered prominent leaders of various movements.","One of those encounters, José Guerra Alemán climbed the Mountains of Sierra Maestra, in the province of East of the Island of Cuba to interview Fidel Castro and Che Guevara. Under the agency of his company, CINEPERIODICO, he personally knew these men and those who were a part of the guerillas during the Cuban Revolution. In 1950, he worked with José García and Eduardo Hernández (Guayo) in the same company. José Guerra Alemán directed films such as Sangre Y Esperanza: La Cuba de Hoy (Blood and Hope: the Cuba of Today and El Gran Recuento (The Great Story). He also took the position as the Senior Vice President of Guastella Film Producers Inc., an advertising firm in Puerto Rico, where he did similar works until he retired in 1990. This included the creation of historical documentary films.","With his interest in Cuba's history and living at a time of historical changes in Cuba, he wrote extensive materials along those themes. He wrote Aún Hay Luna En Los Cerros, Ensayos (Las Mayorías Discriminadas): En Defensa de la Mujer, Barro y Cenizas (Díalogos con Fidel Castro y el Che Guevara), and Juro Pero No Prometo (Biografía de su Abuelo el General José Braulio Alemán). His major work composes four volumes of encyclopedias called Cuba Infinita. Each book contains specific chronological decades and starts from 1855, when the first photographs of the city were available by American artist Fredericks De Forest, to 1958, when the Republic collapsed. The volumes includes more than a thousand selected photos of the history of Cuba, from colonial times to the Spanish American War. The reader walks through time and gets to see the transformation of Cuba. He included photographs received by family, friends, colleagues and what he collected from his travels. He also was inspired and guided from the work called La Enciclopedia de Cuba.","Understanding where his family came from and knowing the other members of his family tree can provide a part of José Guerra Alemán's identity. Jose Guerra Alemán's maternal bloodline had a huge role in the movement toward Cuba's independence against colonialism and imperialism. His grandfather named José Braulio Guerra Alemán fought in the Spanish-American War as a Cuban Brigadier General and was the principal author to the Constitution of Cuba proclaimed at Yara in 1896. He worked as a lawyer, newspaper owner, advocate of the liberation of Cuba, senator and governor for the province of Las Villas, minister of Education and ambassador to Mexico. His half uncle, José Manuel Alemán, served in the Cuban government as Minister of Education during the presidency of Dr. Ramón Grau San Martin, president of the Authentic Party (Partido Auténtico) in La Habana, and Senator of the Republic. His family went through three generations of leaders and fighters for Cuban independence through revolutions or preserving its history and culture.","He rested on February 22, 2013 in Miami, Florida. He survived his wife named Lidia Llano who he married on September 22, 1945 and left a son named Carlos Guerra Llano. He left a mark of what he had done, significant work in Cuba's history. However, he has not been given as much attention as he deserves in any setting, especially in academia. It is the many aspects of unknown history and researching the people from below like Alemán. He was a Cuban, veteran, journalist, nontraditional historian, and founder of a journalist business."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n Collection, Special Collections and UniversityArchives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, Special Collections and UniversityArchives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials are housed in acid free folders and boxes; photographs and negatives were placed in clear sleeves; publications removed from the collection and cataloged separately.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Materials are housed in acid free folders and boxes; photographs and negatives were placed in clear sleeves; publications removed from the collection and cataloged separately."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBooks collected by Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n can be found by performing a series search for \"Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n Collection\" in the UCF Libraries catalog.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Books collected by José Guerra Alemán can be found by performing a series search for \"José Guerra Alemán Collection\" in the UCF Libraries catalog."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection was arranged in seven series:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries I. Manuscripts, 1915-2013, Undated, includes notes that Alem\u0026#xE1;n took on varieties of subjects. His interests ranged from the origin of words and meaning of phrases to his summaries and interpretations of authors' works.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries II: Research Files, 1898-2012, Undated, holds a combination of newspapers, images, and works of others where Alem\u0026#xE1;n used for the publication of Cuba Infinita and his work on Cuban and Latin American history, involving their relations to other countries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries III: Publications, 1987-2008, Undated, contains his writings that has drafts of his published work, his articles from newspapers, and promotional materials advertising his works.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries IV: Personal Files, 1887-2011, Undated, provides letters between Aleman and his family members and between Aleman and business workers. They share insight of Aleman's genealogy and Aleman's work ethic. Series also includes various maps and postcards. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries V: Visual Materials, Circa 1900-Circa 2000, Undated, includes photographs and negatives of Jos\u0026#xE9; G. Alem\u0026#xE1;n and his relatives; overseas trips as a Journalist; and images of Cuba, cubans, and public buildings. Series also includes a CD of \"Fidel Castro: La Historia Lo Absolvera\" and another CD contains a song from Marisela Verena \"Mi Pinar del Rio\".\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VI: Memorabilia, 1926-1977, Undated, comprises hats from different places that Aleman travelled, identification cards, and a lottery ticket from Republic of Cuba, 1949.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VII: Oversize Materials, 1958-2008, Undated, includes large maps of various countries, posters, a proof sheet for Cuba Infinita, and a game card \"La Charada Cubana.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection was arranged in seven series:","\nSeries I. Manuscripts, 1915-2013, Undated, includes notes that Alemán took on varieties of subjects. His interests ranged from the origin of words and meaning of phrases to his summaries and interpretations of authors' works.","\nSeries II: Research Files, 1898-2012, Undated, holds a combination of newspapers, images, and works of others where Alemán used for the publication of Cuba Infinita and his work on Cuban and Latin American history, involving their relations to other countries.","\nSeries III: Publications, 1987-2008, Undated, contains his writings that has drafts of his published work, his articles from newspapers, and promotional materials advertising his works.","\nSeries IV: Personal Files, 1887-2011, Undated, provides letters between Aleman and his family members and between Aleman and business workers. They share insight of Aleman's genealogy and Aleman's work ethic. Series also includes various maps and postcards. ","\nSeries V: Visual Materials, Circa 1900-Circa 2000, Undated, includes photographs and negatives of José G. Alemán and his relatives; overseas trips as a Journalist; and images of Cuba, cubans, and public buildings. Series also includes a CD of \"Fidel Castro: La Historia Lo Absolvera\" and another CD contains a song from Marisela Verena \"Mi Pinar del Rio\".","\nSeries VI: Memorabilia, 1926-1977, Undated, comprises hats from different places that Aleman travelled, identification cards, and a lottery ticket from Republic of Cuba, 1949.","\nSeries VII: Oversize Materials, 1958-2008, Undated, includes large maps of various countries, posters, a proof sheet for Cuba Infinita, and a game card \"La Charada Cubana.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e4d41ff341ce7470c0d40282c3f71dd8\"\u003eThe collection is filled with Cuban history and researched materials on society's past was created by Cuban and American journalist Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n. The materials range from photographs of his travels to cultural sites and countries to personal notes on literature of other scholars' works and his published books. He is most notable of his published four-volume encyclopedia on Cuban history called Cuba Infinita.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection is filled with Cuban history and researched materials on society's past was created by Cuban and American journalist José Guerra Alemán. The materials range from photographs of his travels to cultural sites and countries to personal notes on literature of other scholars' works and his published books. He is most notable of his published four-volume encyclopedia on Cuban history called Cuba Infinita."],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Guerra Alemán, José"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":282,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870857755411087360,"_root_":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:03:10.972Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_1619924df9c84e328637b03969b12583"}},{"id":"8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f_aspace_1bad437eae317d4dd05a41a88ab995b1","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"General Ledger, 1982","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f_aspace_1bad437eae317d4dd05a41a88ab995b1#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_1bad437eae317d4dd05a41a88ab995b1","ref_ssm":["aspace_1bad437eae317d4dd05a41a88ab995b1","aspace_1bad437eae317d4dd05a41a88ab995b1"],"id":"8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f_aspace_1bad437eae317d4dd05a41a88ab995b1","title_filing_ssi":"General Ledger","title_ssm":["General Ledger"],"title_tesim":["General Ledger"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1982"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1982"],"normalized_title_ssm":["General Ledger, 1982"],"text":["General Ledger, 1982","Centro Asturiano de Tampa collection, 1902-2007, Date acquired: 00/00/1989, bulk 1902-1987","Financial Records","Centro Asturiano Hospital, 1977-1978","Folder 6","/repositories/2/archival_objects/160192","box 238","folder 6"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f","8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f_aspace_185606","8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f_aspace_58f61e07f29b15695a5954061744f24f"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa collection, 1902-2007, Date acquired: 00/00/1989, bulk 1902-1987","Financial Records","Centro Asturiano Hospital, 1977-1978"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa collection, 1902-2007, Date acquired: 00/00/1989, bulk 1902-1987","Financial Records","Centro Asturiano Hospital, 1977-1978"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Box"],"unitid_ssm":["Folder 6","/repositories/2/archival_objects/160192"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa collection, 1902-2007, Date acquired: 00/00/1989, bulk 1902-1987"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":1013,"parent_access_terms_tesm":["None. The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/for more information."],"date_range_isim":[1982],"containers_ssim":["box 238","folder 6"],"_nest_path_":"/components#5/components#83/components#5","_nest_parent_":"8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f_aspace_58f61e07f29b15695a5954061744f24f","_root_":"8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f","_version_":1875301659078295552,"timestamp":"2026-09-03T09:17:07.659Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f","title_ssm":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa collection"],"title_tesim":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa collection"],"ead_ssi":"8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f","unitdate_ssm":["1902-2007","1902-1987","Date acquired: 00/00/1989"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1902-1987"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1902-2007"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 00/00/1989"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-1989-02","/repositories/2/resources/542"],"text":["MS-1989-02","/repositories/2/resources/542","Centro Asturiano de Tampa collection, 1902-2007, Date acquired: 00/00/1989, bulk 1902-1987","Tampa (Fla.) -- History","Cigar industry -- Florida -- Tampa","Cuba -- Relations -- Florida -- Tampa","Clubs -- Florida -- Tampa","Tampa (Fla.) -- Social life and customs","Playbills -- Florida -- Tampa","The Centro Asturiano de Tampa Collection is arranged into series according to subject. These include organizational, financial, ephemera, artifacts, photographs, and media. Records are arranged chronologically within each series. Boxes 159-243 contain financial records.","When Spanish immigrants came to Tampa in the 1890s, they brought with them the idea of the mutual aid society, a voluntary association or club that pooled resources to provide members with a variety of social, cultural, and economic benefits.  The first such club established in Tampa was the Centro Español, founded in 1891. The Centro Asturiano began in 1902 when a group of members seceded from the Centro Español to create a club that included healthcare.  Named for the northwest Spanish region of Asturias from which many of the founding members had come, the new society was chartered as a branch of the Centro Asturiano de Habana, and was known for decades as the \"Tampa Delegation\" of the Cuban organization.","On January 22, 1909, the club dedicated a handsome red brick building, which cost $75,000.  When fire destroyed the building in 1912, club members voted to build an even larger and more impressive facility. This columned, neoclassical building, which the  Tampa Morning Tribune  called \"the most beautiful building in the South,\" opened in 1914 at a cost of $110,000. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974 and retains its stature as one of the most outstanding structures in Tampa's Ybor City historic district. The club's cantina provided a pleasant atmosphere for members to spend their leisure time, a place to talk, play dominos, and smoke a cigar.  The palatial ballroom was the scene of glittering social affairs, balls, tea dances, and other activities. A space was set aside for a library and gymnasium as well to promote the club's mission of education, good health and the general well-being of its members. The Centro's building served as a center of social and cultural life for its community and is still owned by the club to this day.","A central part of club life was the building's elaborate theatre.  In its heyday, the Centro theatre was the venue for plays, operas, musicals, and other performances featuring both local talent and well-known Cuban, Spanish, and Italian entertainers who made Ybor City part of their tours. During the depression years of the 1930s, the Spanish language unit of the WPA Federal Theatre presented performances in the Centro's theatre, which was also used for cigar labor union meetings and other events.","The largest of all the Tampa fraternal clubs, the Centro expanded and flourished in the early decades of the twentieth century, due in large part to its acceptance of members from various ethnicities and its medical facilities. Following World War II however, membership gradually declined as economic and demographic changes eroded the cigar-making immigrant community.  Many of the services offered by the club either became functions of government agencies or were too expensive to maintain, lessening the advantages of membership. With the assimilation of its traditional membership base into the general population, the club was no longer the center of the cohesive ethnic community it once served. Despite adversity, the Centro Asturiano has endured, serving as an icon of heritage to descendants of the Spanish immigrants who played such a significant role in the development of modern Tampa.","Note written by Paul Camp, 2006; Joe Tamargo, 2011.","Centro Asturiano De Tampa Membership Records Photograph Collection . Tampa, Florida: University of South Florida Libraries, 2003.","Centro Asturiano Library Collection,  Special Collections Department, Tampa Library, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.","Centro Español De Tampa Collection , USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL. ","Cuban Club Records , USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL. ","The Centro Asturiano de Tampa Collection consists of club and hospital records, meeting minutes, photographs, ephemera, zarzuelas, playbills, financial records, memorias, and cemetery records. Artifacts include flags, trophies, printing plates, and various other items related to the club.","None. The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/for more information.","USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Centro Asturiano de Tampa","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-1989-02","/repositories/2/resources/542"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1902-2007, Date acquired: 00/00/1989, bulk 1902-1987"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa collection, 1902-2007, Date acquired: 00/00/1989, bulk 1902-1987"],"collection_title_tesim":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa collection, 1902-2007, Date acquired: 00/00/1989, bulk 1902-1987"],"collection_ssim":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa collection, 1902-2007, Date acquired: 00/00/1989, bulk 1902-1987"],"repository_ssm":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Tampa (Fla.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Tampa (Fla.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa"],"creator_ssim":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa"],"creators_ssim":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa"],"places_ssim":["Tampa (Fla.) -- History"],"access_terms_ssm":["None. The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/for more information."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa","Donation"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Cigar industry -- Florida -- Tampa","Cuba -- Relations -- Florida -- Tampa","Clubs -- Florida -- Tampa","Tampa (Fla.) -- Social life and customs","Playbills -- Florida -- Tampa"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Cigar industry -- Florida -- Tampa","Cuba -- Relations -- Florida -- Tampa","Clubs -- Florida -- Tampa","Tampa (Fla.) -- Social life and customs","Playbills -- Florida -- Tampa"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["164.7 Linear Feet","241 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["164.7 Linear Feet","241 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Playbills -- Florida -- Tampa"],"date_range_isim":[1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Centro Asturiano de Tampa Collection is arranged into series according to subject. These include organizational, financial, ephemera, artifacts, photographs, and media. Records are arranged chronologically within each series. Boxes 159-243 contain financial records.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Centro Asturiano de Tampa Collection is arranged into series according to subject. These include organizational, financial, ephemera, artifacts, photographs, and media. Records are arranged chronologically within each series. Boxes 159-243 contain financial records."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWhen Spanish immigrants came to Tampa in the 1890s, they brought with them the idea of the mutual aid society, a voluntary association or club that pooled resources to provide members with a variety of social, cultural, and economic benefits.  The first such club established in Tampa was the Centro Espa\u0026#xF1;ol, founded in 1891. The Centro Asturiano began in 1902 when a group of members seceded from the Centro Espa\u0026#xF1;ol to create a club that included healthcare.  Named for the northwest Spanish region of Asturias from which many of the founding members had come, the new society was chartered as a branch of the Centro Asturiano de Habana, and was known for decades as the \"Tampa Delegation\" of the Cuban organization.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOn January 22, 1909, the club dedicated a handsome red brick building, which cost $75,000.  When fire destroyed the building in 1912, club members voted to build an even larger and more impressive facility. This columned, neoclassical building, which the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eTampa Morning Tribune\u003c/emph\u003e called \"the most beautiful building in the South,\" opened in 1914 at a cost of $110,000. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974 and retains its stature as one of the most outstanding structures in Tampa's Ybor City historic district. The club's cantina provided a pleasant atmosphere for members to spend their leisure time, a place to talk, play dominos, and smoke a cigar.  The palatial ballroom was the scene of glittering social affairs, balls, tea dances, and other activities. A space was set aside for a library and gymnasium as well to promote the club's mission of education, good health and the general well-being of its members. The Centro's building served as a center of social and cultural life for its community and is still owned by the club to this day.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA central part of club life was the building's elaborate theatre.  In its heyday, the Centro theatre was the venue for plays, operas, musicals, and other performances featuring both local talent and well-known Cuban, Spanish, and Italian entertainers who made Ybor City part of their tours. During the depression years of the 1930s, the Spanish language unit of the WPA Federal Theatre presented performances in the Centro's theatre, which was also used for cigar labor union meetings and other events.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe largest of all the Tampa fraternal clubs, the Centro expanded and flourished in the early decades of the twentieth century, due in large part to its acceptance of members from various ethnicities and its medical facilities. Following World War II however, membership gradually declined as economic and demographic changes eroded the cigar-making immigrant community.  Many of the services offered by the club either became functions of government agencies or were too expensive to maintain, lessening the advantages of membership. With the assimilation of its traditional membership base into the general population, the club was no longer the center of the cohesive ethnic community it once served. Despite adversity, the Centro Asturiano has endured, serving as an icon of heritage to descendants of the Spanish immigrants who played such a significant role in the development of modern Tampa.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Paul Camp, 2006; Joe Tamargo, 2011.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["When Spanish immigrants came to Tampa in the 1890s, they brought with them the idea of the mutual aid society, a voluntary association or club that pooled resources to provide members with a variety of social, cultural, and economic benefits.  The first such club established in Tampa was the Centro Español, founded in 1891. The Centro Asturiano began in 1902 when a group of members seceded from the Centro Español to create a club that included healthcare.  Named for the northwest Spanish region of Asturias from which many of the founding members had come, the new society was chartered as a branch of the Centro Asturiano de Habana, and was known for decades as the \"Tampa Delegation\" of the Cuban organization.","On January 22, 1909, the club dedicated a handsome red brick building, which cost $75,000.  When fire destroyed the building in 1912, club members voted to build an even larger and more impressive facility. This columned, neoclassical building, which the  Tampa Morning Tribune  called \"the most beautiful building in the South,\" opened in 1914 at a cost of $110,000. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974 and retains its stature as one of the most outstanding structures in Tampa's Ybor City historic district. The club's cantina provided a pleasant atmosphere for members to spend their leisure time, a place to talk, play dominos, and smoke a cigar.  The palatial ballroom was the scene of glittering social affairs, balls, tea dances, and other activities. A space was set aside for a library and gymnasium as well to promote the club's mission of education, good health and the general well-being of its members. The Centro's building served as a center of social and cultural life for its community and is still owned by the club to this day.","A central part of club life was the building's elaborate theatre.  In its heyday, the Centro theatre was the venue for plays, operas, musicals, and other performances featuring both local talent and well-known Cuban, Spanish, and Italian entertainers who made Ybor City part of their tours. During the depression years of the 1930s, the Spanish language unit of the WPA Federal Theatre presented performances in the Centro's theatre, which was also used for cigar labor union meetings and other events.","The largest of all the Tampa fraternal clubs, the Centro expanded and flourished in the early decades of the twentieth century, due in large part to its acceptance of members from various ethnicities and its medical facilities. Following World War II however, membership gradually declined as economic and demographic changes eroded the cigar-making immigrant community.  Many of the services offered by the club either became functions of government agencies or were too expensive to maintain, lessening the advantages of membership. With the assimilation of its traditional membership base into the general population, the club was no longer the center of the cohesive ethnic community it once served. Despite adversity, the Centro Asturiano has endured, serving as an icon of heritage to descendants of the Spanish immigrants who played such a significant role in the development of modern Tampa.","Note written by Paul Camp, 2006; Joe Tamargo, 2011."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCentro Asturiano de Tampa collection, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa collection, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCentro Asturiano De Tampa Membership Records Photograph Collection\u003c/emph\u003e. Tampa, Florida: University of South Florida Libraries, 2003.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCentro Asturiano Library Collection,\u003c/emph\u003e Special Collections Department, Tampa Library, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCentro Espan\u0026#x303;ol De Tampa Collection\u003c/emph\u003e, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCuban Club Records\u003c/emph\u003e, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL. \u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Centro Asturiano De Tampa Membership Records Photograph Collection . Tampa, Florida: University of South Florida Libraries, 2003.","Centro Asturiano Library Collection,  Special Collections Department, Tampa Library, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.","Centro Español De Tampa Collection , USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL. ","Cuban Club Records , USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL. "],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Centro Asturiano de Tampa Collection consists of club and hospital records, meeting minutes, photographs, ephemera, zarzuelas, playbills, financial records, memorias, and cemetery records. Artifacts include flags, trophies, printing plates, and various other items related to the club.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Centro Asturiano de Tampa Collection consists of club and hospital records, meeting minutes, photographs, ephemera, zarzuelas, playbills, financial records, memorias, and cemetery records. Artifacts include flags, trophies, printing plates, and various other items related to the club."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone. The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright.\u0026#xA0; Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["None. The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/for more information."],"names_coll_ssim":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa"],"names_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Centro Asturiano de Tampa"],"corpname_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Centro Asturiano de Tampa"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1038,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1875301659078295552,"_root_":"8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f","timestamp":"2026-09-03T09:17:07.659Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f_aspace_1bad437eae317d4dd05a41a88ab995b1"}},{"id":"21908d03ad0b8b55a5eadb1e_aspace_38463","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"General Ledgers, 1981-1986","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/21908d03ad0b8b55a5eadb1e_aspace_38463#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_38463","ref_ssm":["aspace_38463","aspace_38463"],"id":"21908d03ad0b8b55a5eadb1e_aspace_38463","title_filing_ssi":"General Ledgers","title_ssm":["General Ledgers"],"title_tesim":["General Ledgers"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1981-1986"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1981-1986"],"normalized_title_ssm":["General Ledgers, 1981-1986"],"text":["General Ledgers, 1981-1986","International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union (ILGWU), date unknown","Box 3","Folder 2","/repositories/2/archival_objects/55077","folder 2"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["21908d03ad0b8b55a5eadb1e","21908d03ad0b8b55a5eadb1e_aspace_38461"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union (ILGWU), date unknown","Box 3"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union (ILGWU), date unknown","Box 3"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Other level"],"unitid_ssm":["Folder 2","/repositories/2/archival_objects/55077"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union (ILGWU), date unknown"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":47,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"date_range_isim":[1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986],"containers_ssim":["folder 2"],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#1","_nest_parent_":"21908d03ad0b8b55a5eadb1e_aspace_38461","_root_":"21908d03ad0b8b55a5eadb1e","_version_":1870844635912339456,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T04:34:39.255Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"21908d03ad0b8b55a5eadb1e","title_ssm":["International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union (ILGWU)"],"title_tesim":["International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union (ILGWU)"],"ead_ssi":"21908d03ad0b8b55a5eadb1e","unitdate_ssm":["date unknown"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["date unknown"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SPC5044","/repositories/2/resources/52"],"text":["SPC5044","/repositories/2/resources/52","International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union (ILGWU), date unknown","The collection is open for research.","The International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union (ILGWU) was formed on June 3, 1900, by eleven delegates representing local unions from the major garment centers in New York City, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Newark. 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Additionally, as the strike progressed, the nation became aware of the consequences of massive strikes, such as higher pricing for goods, lack of the supply side of economics, and the notion if one union strikes, others may follow as well. While keeping momentum, various factors over the years have slowed progress, including economic (recessions, war, the Great Depression), the ILGWU estimated to exceed over 300,000 members between the 1950s and 1970s, and has as many members today as back then. By 1995, the ILGWU merged with Amalgamated Clothing and Textile Workers Union in 1995, to form UNITE. In 2004, it merged with the Hotel Employees and Restaurant Employees union to form UNITE HERE."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection, the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union (ILGWU) contains highlights, newspaper clippings, union decisions, and negotiations between garment union workers in South Florida and the companies they worked for. 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FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donation"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.00 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["0.00 Linear Feet"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union (ILGWU) was formed on June 3, 1900, by eleven delegates representing local unions from the major garment centers in New York City, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Newark. It was one of the first and largest labor unions in the world with a primarily female enrollment to guarantee fair treatment in the workforce. Originally gaining momentum in 1909 after the New York shirtwaist strike of 1909, also known as the Uprising of the 20,000, showed the nation that women, especially immigrants, who made up the majority of the workforce, that all people have a right to fair wage. Additionally, as the strike progressed, the nation became aware of the consequences of massive strikes, such as higher pricing for goods, lack of the supply side of economics, and the notion if one union strikes, others may follow as well. While keeping momentum, various factors over the years have slowed progress, including economic (recessions, war, the Great Depression), the ILGWU estimated to exceed over 300,000 members between the 1950s and 1970s, and has as many members today as back then. By 1995, the ILGWU merged with Amalgamated Clothing and Textile Workers Union in 1995, to form UNITE. In 2004, it merged with the Hotel Employees and Restaurant Employees union to form UNITE HERE.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union (ILGWU) was formed on June 3, 1900, by eleven delegates representing local unions from the major garment centers in New York City, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Newark. It was one of the first and largest labor unions in the world with a primarily female enrollment to guarantee fair treatment in the workforce. Originally gaining momentum in 1909 after the New York shirtwaist strike of 1909, also known as the Uprising of the 20,000, showed the nation that women, especially immigrants, who made up the majority of the workforce, that all people have a right to fair wage. Additionally, as the strike progressed, the nation became aware of the consequences of massive strikes, such as higher pricing for goods, lack of the supply side of economics, and the notion if one union strikes, others may follow as well. While keeping momentum, various factors over the years have slowed progress, including economic (recessions, war, the Great Depression), the ILGWU estimated to exceed over 300,000 members between the 1950s and 1970s, and has as many members today as back then. By 1995, the ILGWU merged with Amalgamated Clothing and Textile Workers Union in 1995, to form UNITE. In 2004, it merged with the Hotel Employees and Restaurant Employees union to form UNITE HERE."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection, the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union (ILGWU) contains highlights, newspaper clippings, union decisions, and negotiations between garment union workers in South Florida and the companies they worked for. This includes companies such Stolberg's Tailors, Disco Manufacturing Co., and Nora Corporation. Additionally, this collection maintains bank statements, ledgers, and plaques to detail how the workers were paid, motivated, and acknowledged in the workforce.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection, the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union (ILGWU) contains highlights, newspaper clippings, union decisions, and negotiations between garment union workers in South Florida and the companies they worked for. This includes companies such Stolberg's Tailors, Disco Manufacturing Co., and Nora Corporation. Additionally, this collection maintains bank statements, ledgers, and plaques to detail how the workers were paid, motivated, and acknowledged in the workforce."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections \u0026amp; University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"names_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"corpname_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":79,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870844635912339456,"_root_":"21908d03ad0b8b55a5eadb1e","timestamp":"2026-07-16T04:34:39.255Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/21908d03ad0b8b55a5eadb1e_aspace_38464"}},{"id":"25086f63d8e4c420b97444e6_aspace_367892b658e5e30c028f8ea8a2319f37","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"General political advocacy, 1976-2000","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/25086f63d8e4c420b97444e6_aspace_367892b658e5e30c028f8ea8a2319f37#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["Newsletters, articles, and messages (letters, emails, etc.) between members and to local and national political leaders."],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/25086f63d8e4c420b97444e6_aspace_367892b658e5e30c028f8ea8a2319f37#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_367892b658e5e30c028f8ea8a2319f37","ref_ssm":["aspace_367892b658e5e30c028f8ea8a2319f37","aspace_367892b658e5e30c028f8ea8a2319f37"],"id":"25086f63d8e4c420b97444e6_aspace_367892b658e5e30c028f8ea8a2319f37","title_filing_ssi":"General political advocacy","title_ssm":["General political advocacy"],"title_tesim":["General political advocacy"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1976-2000"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1976-2000"],"normalized_title_ssm":["General political advocacy, 1976-2000"],"text":["General political advocacy, 1976-2000","Pinellas County National Organization for Women (NOW) papers, bulk 1970s-2000s","Electoral advocacy","/repositories/3/archival_objects/223542","box 2","folder 5","Newsletters, articles, and messages (letters, emails, etc.) between members and to local and national political leaders."],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["25086f63d8e4c420b97444e6","25086f63d8e4c420b97444e6_aspace_6275621279d449ec8beeacb7f3f526db"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Pinellas County National Organization for Women (NOW) papers, bulk 1970s-2000s","Electoral advocacy"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Pinellas County National Organization for Women (NOW) papers, bulk 1970s-2000s","Electoral advocacy"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/3/archival_objects/223542"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - St. Petersburg Special Collections \u0026 University Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Pinellas County National Organization for Women (NOW) papers, bulk 1970s-2000s"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":15,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["None."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information."],"date_range_isim":[1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000],"containers_ssim":["box 2","folder 5"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_05fe7591eb78a88607f5642940bd4216\"\u003eNewsletters, articles, and messages (letters, emails, etc.) between members and to local and national political leaders.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Newsletters, articles, and messages (letters, emails, etc.) between members and to local and national political leaders."],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#0","_nest_parent_":"25086f63d8e4c420b97444e6_aspace_6275621279d449ec8beeacb7f3f526db","_root_":"25086f63d8e4c420b97444e6","_version_":1879830485534769152,"timestamp":"2026-10-23T09:00:53.251Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"25086f63d8e4c420b97444e6","title_ssm":["Pinellas County National Organization for Women (NOW) papers"],"title_tesim":["Pinellas County National Organization for Women (NOW) papers"],"ead_ssi":"25086f63d8e4c420b97444e6","unitdate_ssm":["1970s-2000s"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1970s-2000s"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SP-MS-2003-004","/repositories/3/resources/702"],"text":["SP-MS-2003-004","/repositories/3/resources/702","Pinellas County National Organization for Women (NOW) papers, bulk 1970s-2000s","Pinellas County (Fla.)","Women","Feminism","LGBTQ+ advocacy","African Americans -- Civil Rights -- Florida","Women's rights","Reproductive rights","Social justice","Political advocacy","None.","National Organization of Women is a \"multi-issue, multi-strategy organization that takes a holistic approach to women's rights. Our priorities are winning economic equality and securing it with an amendment to the U.S. Constitution that will guarantee equal rights for women; championing abortion rights, reproductive freedom and other women's health issues; opposing racism; fighting bigotry against the LGBTQIA community; and ending violence against women\" (https://now.org/).","Collection consists of two series reflecting two seperate accessions. The first accession series: general organizational records, legal and social advocacy, programs and public events, and other NOW chapters and affiliates. Second accession series includes: general organization records, electoral advocacy, and legal and social advocacy. ","\nThe general organizational records, advocacy files, agendas, meeting minutes, clippings, and program files illustrate the local NOW chapter's involvement in a variety of issues. Issues include advocacy for reproductive rights and criminal justice reform, preventing sexual harassment and violence towards women, and supporting the passage of the proposed Equal Rights Amendment. Materials date from the late 1970s through the late 1990s.","None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information.","Collection includes research and subject files from the leadership of Pinellas County's National Organization of Women chapter.","USF Libraries - St. Petersburg Special Collections \u0026 University Archives","National Organization for Women ","Oestreich, Sandy ","Hainisch, May","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SP-MS-2003-004","/repositories/3/resources/702"],"normalized_date_ssm":["bulk 1970s-2000s"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Pinellas County National Organization for Women (NOW) papers, bulk 1970s-2000s"],"collection_title_tesim":["Pinellas County National Organization for Women (NOW) papers, bulk 1970s-2000s"],"collection_ssim":["Pinellas County National Organization for Women (NOW) papers, bulk 1970s-2000s"],"repository_ssm":["USF Libraries - St. Petersburg Special Collections \u0026 University Archives"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - St. Petersburg Special Collections \u0026 University Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Pinellas County (Fla.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Pinellas County (Fla.)"],"creator_ssm":["Oestreich, Sandy ","Hainisch, May"],"creator_ssim":["Oestreich, Sandy ","Hainisch, May"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Oestreich, Sandy ","Hainisch, May"],"creators_ssim":["Oestreich, Sandy ","Hainisch, May"],"places_ssim":["Pinellas County (Fla.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Sandy Oestreich and May Hainisch, two longstanding members of the Pinellas County Chapter of the National Organization for Women (NOW), donated a variety of research and subject files from their leadership of the Pinellas NOW chapter to the Special Collections and Archives."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women","Feminism","LGBTQ+ advocacy","African Americans -- Civil Rights -- Florida","Women's rights","Reproductive rights","Social justice","Political advocacy"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women","Feminism","LGBTQ+ advocacy","African Americans -- Civil Rights -- Florida","Women's rights","Reproductive rights","Social justice","Political advocacy"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["9 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["9 boxes"],"physfacet_tesim":["8 document boxes and 1 oversized box"],"date_range_isim":[1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["None."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNational Organization of Women is a \"multi-issue, multi-strategy organization that takes a holistic approach to women's rights. Our priorities are winning economic equality and securing it with an amendment to the U.S. Constitution that will guarantee equal rights for women; championing abortion rights, reproductive freedom and other women's health issues; opposing racism; fighting bigotry against the LGBTQIA community; and ending violence against women\" (https://now.org/).\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["National Organization of Women is a \"multi-issue, multi-strategy organization that takes a holistic approach to women's rights. Our priorities are winning economic equality and securing it with an amendment to the U.S. Constitution that will guarantee equal rights for women; championing abortion rights, reproductive freedom and other women's health issues; opposing racism; fighting bigotry against the LGBTQIA community; and ending violence against women\" (https://now.org/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePinellas County Chapter Papers, National Organization for Women (NOW) 1973-2004, Nelson Poynter Memorial Library Special Collections and University Archives, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Pinellas County Chapter Papers, National Organization for Women (NOW) 1973-2004, Nelson Poynter Memorial Library Special Collections and University Archives, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection consists of two series reflecting two seperate accessions. The first accession series: general organizational records, legal and social advocacy, programs and public events, and other NOW chapters and affiliates. Second accession series includes: general organization records, electoral advocacy, and legal and social advocacy. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThe general organizational records, advocacy files, agendas, meeting minutes, clippings, and program files illustrate the local NOW chapter's involvement in a variety of issues. Issues include advocacy for reproductive rights and criminal justice reform, preventing sexual harassment and violence towards women, and supporting the passage of the proposed Equal Rights Amendment. Materials date from the late 1970s through the late 1990s.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Collection consists of two series reflecting two seperate accessions. The first accession series: general organizational records, legal and social advocacy, programs and public events, and other NOW chapters and affiliates. Second accession series includes: general organization records, electoral advocacy, and legal and social advocacy. ","\nThe general organizational records, advocacy files, agendas, meeting minutes, clippings, and program files illustrate the local NOW chapter's involvement in a variety of issues. Issues include advocacy for reproductive rights and criminal justice reform, preventing sexual harassment and violence towards women, and supporting the passage of the proposed Equal Rights Amendment. Materials date from the late 1970s through the late 1990s."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_def8b7460025f0ea38229646102c27ec\"\u003eCollection includes research and subject files from the leadership of Pinellas County's National Organization of Women chapter.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Collection includes research and subject files from the leadership of Pinellas County's National Organization of Women chapter."],"names_coll_ssim":["National Organization for Women ","Oestreich, Sandy ","Hainisch, May"],"names_ssim":["USF Libraries - St. Petersburg Special Collections \u0026 University Archives","National Organization for Women ","Oestreich, Sandy ","Hainisch, May"],"corpname_ssim":["USF Libraries - St. Petersburg Special Collections \u0026 University Archives","National Organization for Women "],"persname_ssim":["Oestreich, Sandy ","Hainisch, May"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":84,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1879830485534769152,"_root_":"25086f63d8e4c420b97444e6","timestamp":"2026-10-23T09:00:53.251Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/25086f63d8e4c420b97444e6_aspace_367892b658e5e30c028f8ea8a2319f37"}},{"id":"34d15c9d09dda504e1f86cad_aspace_39199","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"General Programs and Newsletters, 1977-1984","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/34d15c9d09dda504e1f86cad_aspace_39199#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_39199","ref_ssm":["aspace_39199","aspace_39199"],"id":"34d15c9d09dda504e1f86cad_aspace_39199","title_filing_ssi":"General Programs and Newsletters","title_ssm":["General Programs and Newsletters"],"title_tesim":["General Programs and Newsletters"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1977-1984"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1977-1984"],"normalized_title_ssm":["General Programs and Newsletters, 1977-1984"],"text":["General Programs and Newsletters, 1977-1984","Lynda Van Scoyoc Women's Feminist Papers Collection, 1970-2001","Women's Political Caucus, 1970-2001","Metro Orlando Political Women's Caucus, 1975-1997","Folder 20","/repositories/4/archival_objects/5011","box 2","folder 20"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["34d15c9d09dda504e1f86cad","34d15c9d09dda504e1f86cad_aspace_39149","34d15c9d09dda504e1f86cad_aspace_39192"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Lynda Van Scoyoc Women's Feminist Papers Collection, 1970-2001","Women's Political Caucus, 1970-2001","Metro Orlando Political Women's Caucus, 1975-1997"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Lynda Van Scoyoc Women's Feminist Papers Collection, 1970-2001","Women's Political Caucus, 1970-2001","Metro Orlando Political Women's Caucus, 1975-1997"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Subseries"],"unitid_ssm":["Folder 20","/repositories/4/archival_objects/5011"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Lynda Van Scoyoc Women's Feminist Papers Collection, 1970-2001"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":40,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The entire collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Unpublished records are protected by copyright. Permission to publish quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"date_range_isim":[1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984],"containers_ssim":["box 2","folder 20"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#2/components#5","_nest_parent_":"34d15c9d09dda504e1f86cad_aspace_39192","_root_":"34d15c9d09dda504e1f86cad","_version_":1870857781102247936,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:03:35.484Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"34d15c9d09dda504e1f86cad","title_ssm":["Lynda Van Scoyoc Women's Feminist Papers Collection"],"title_tesim":["Lynda Van Scoyoc Women's Feminist Papers Collection"],"ead_ssi":"34d15c9d09dda504e1f86cad","unitdate_ssm":["1970-2001"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1970-2001"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC.060","/repositories/4/resources/22"],"text":["SC.060","/repositories/4/resources/22","Lynda Van Scoyoc Women's Feminist Papers Collection, 1970-2001","United States -- Politics and government","Florida","Political Action Committees","Women political activists","Equal Rights Amendments","Women -- Suffrage -- United States -- History","Women -- Political activity -- United States","Political clubs","Feminism -- United States","Women's rights -- United States","The entire collection is open for research.","The latter half of the twentieth century has seen vast changes for women both socially and politically. While the development of women's political caucuses played a large role, the change in women's rights would not have come about without the efforts of the women who participated in these organizations. Locally, Lynda Van Scoyoc was one of those many women's rights advocates, having worked to establish womens' voices in the world of politics for three decades.","\nLynda Van Scoyoc's work began in the early 1970's with the Orlando Police Officer's Auxiliary, serving as the organization's Vice President. As her husband was himself an area police officer, Van Scoyoc helped develop training programs for police officer's wives. These training programs were meant to educate women as well to help them to understand the rigors and demands of being a police officer.","\nDuring a 1975 trip to Tallahassee, Florida for an Equal Rights Amendment event that Van Scoyoc and others would begin to develop the Metropolitan Orlando Women's Political Caucus (MOWPC). Working with the Florida Women's Political Caucus (FLWPC), the MOWPC was formed later that year and installed Van Scoyoc as its first president. Through her involvement as founder of the MOWPC, Van Scoyoc became active at the national level, serving on the National Women's Political Caucus (NWPC) Membership Committee from 1985-1987, serving as the NWPC's fund-raising chair from 1987-1989, as well as being the NWPC's Delegate-at-Large and serving on the Administrative Committee from 1989-1993.","Lynda Van Scoyoc passed away at the Orlando Regional Medical Center on Wednesday, May 6, 2020. Burial service was held on May 14 at Woodlawn Memorial Park in Gotha, Florida. ","Collection processed by April Karlene Anderson and Nava Cohen; finding aid prepared by April Karlene Anderson and Nava Cohen. ","All paper clips have been removed and replaced with plastic clips. Post-it notes have been moved to the edges of pages. Photographs have been placed in clear archival sleeves. All documents have been placed in acid free folders and all materials have been re-housed in acid free boxes.","Lou Frey Papers , Special Collections \u0026 University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, Florida.","Lou Frey Institute of Politics and Government Collection , Special Collections \u0026 University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, Florida.","George Stuart Papers , Special Collections \u0026 University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, Florida.","Phyllis J. Hudson Political Papers , Special Collections \u0026 University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, Florida.","Beatrice B. Ettinger Papers , Special Collections \u0026 University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, Florida.","Series I: Women's Political Caucus, 1970-2001 holds materials collected by Van Scoyoc during her time with the various women's political caucuses in which she worked. Many of the materials are from conventions that Van Scoyoc attended for the NWPC as well as the FLWPC. Materials also include meeting notes, correspondence, news clippings, stickers, and metal buttons.","\nSeries II: Outside Interests, 1970-2000, holds materials collected by Van Scoyoc that she acquired while working with committees not affiliated with any of the Women's Political Caucuses. Several of the committees Van Scoyoc served on were likely due to her status with the various caucuses, however, Van Scoyoc served on them in a singular capacity. These materials include meeting notes, correspondence, news clippings, stickers, and metal buttons.","\nSeries III: Feminist Research, 1970-1998 holds materials collected by Van Scoyoc on feminism in the United States and Russia. Items collected in this series relate to women's stories from magazines and newsclippings. Several religious brochures are also in this series.","Unpublished records are protected by copyright. Permission to publish quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","The Lynda Van Scoyoc Feminist Papers Collection contains the materials collected by Lynda Van Scoyoc during her time working with the National Women's Political Caucus, Florida Women's Political Caucus, and the Metropolitan Orlando Women's Political Caucus. This collection reflects the growth of each organization during the late 20th century as well as chronicling the struggle by each group in their efforts to make positive changes to women's rights. Researchers should note that portions of this collection were written only in shorthand notation.","UCF Special Collections","National Women's Political Caucus (U.S.)","Van Scoyoc, Lynda, 1930-2020","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC.060","/repositories/4/resources/22"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1970-2001"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Lynda Van Scoyoc Women's Feminist Papers Collection, 1970-2001"],"collection_title_tesim":["Lynda Van Scoyoc Women's Feminist Papers Collection, 1970-2001"],"collection_ssim":["Lynda Van Scoyoc Women's Feminist Papers Collection, 1970-2001"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- Politics and government","Florida"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government","Florida"],"creator_ssm":["Van Scoyoc, Lynda, 1930-2020"],"creator_ssim":["Van Scoyoc, Lynda, 1930-2020"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Van Scoyoc, Lynda, 1930-2020"],"creators_ssim":["Van Scoyoc, Lynda, 1930-2020"],"places_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government","Florida"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished records are protected by copyright. Permission to publish quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was donated to the University of Central Florida Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives by Lynda Van Scoyoc in 2005 (CFM2005_15)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Political Action Committees","Women political activists","Equal Rights Amendments","Women -- Suffrage -- United States -- History","Women -- Political activity -- United States","Political clubs","Feminism -- United States","Women's rights -- United States"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Political Action Committees","Women political activists","Equal Rights Amendments","Women -- Suffrage -- United States -- History","Women -- Political activity -- United States","Political clubs","Feminism -- United States","Women's rights -- United States"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["6 Linear Feet 6 Boxes"],"extent_tesim":["6 Linear Feet 6 Boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe latter half of the twentieth century has seen vast changes for women both socially and politically. While the development of women's political caucuses played a large role, the change in women's rights would not have come about without the efforts of the women who participated in these organizations. Locally, Lynda Van Scoyoc was one of those many women's rights advocates, having worked to establish womens' voices in the world of politics for three decades.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nLynda Van Scoyoc's work began in the early 1970's with the Orlando Police Officer's Auxiliary, serving as the organization's Vice President. As her husband was himself an area police officer, Van Scoyoc helped develop training programs for police officer's wives. These training programs were meant to educate women as well to help them to understand the rigors and demands of being a police officer.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nDuring a 1975 trip to Tallahassee, Florida for an Equal Rights Amendment event that Van Scoyoc and others would begin to develop the Metropolitan Orlando Women's Political Caucus (MOWPC). Working with the Florida Women's Political Caucus (FLWPC), the MOWPC was formed later that year and installed Van Scoyoc as its first president. Through her involvement as founder of the MOWPC, Van Scoyoc became active at the national level, serving on the National Women's Political Caucus (NWPC) Membership Committee from 1985-1987, serving as the NWPC's fund-raising chair from 1987-1989, as well as being the NWPC's Delegate-at-Large and serving on the Administrative Committee from 1989-1993.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLynda Van Scoyoc passed away at the Orlando Regional Medical Center on Wednesday, May 6, 2020. Burial service was held on May 14 at Woodlawn Memorial Park in Gotha, Florida. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The latter half of the twentieth century has seen vast changes for women both socially and politically. While the development of women's political caucuses played a large role, the change in women's rights would not have come about without the efforts of the women who participated in these organizations. Locally, Lynda Van Scoyoc was one of those many women's rights advocates, having worked to establish womens' voices in the world of politics for three decades.","\nLynda Van Scoyoc's work began in the early 1970's with the Orlando Police Officer's Auxiliary, serving as the organization's Vice President. As her husband was himself an area police officer, Van Scoyoc helped develop training programs for police officer's wives. These training programs were meant to educate women as well to help them to understand the rigors and demands of being a police officer.","\nDuring a 1975 trip to Tallahassee, Florida for an Equal Rights Amendment event that Van Scoyoc and others would begin to develop the Metropolitan Orlando Women's Political Caucus (MOWPC). Working with the Florida Women's Political Caucus (FLWPC), the MOWPC was formed later that year and installed Van Scoyoc as its first president. Through her involvement as founder of the MOWPC, Van Scoyoc became active at the national level, serving on the National Women's Political Caucus (NWPC) Membership Committee from 1985-1987, serving as the NWPC's fund-raising chair from 1987-1989, as well as being the NWPC's Delegate-at-Large and serving on the Administrative Committee from 1989-1993.","Lynda Van Scoyoc passed away at the Orlando Regional Medical Center on Wednesday, May 6, 2020. Burial service was held on May 14 at Woodlawn Memorial Park in Gotha, Florida. "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Lynda Van Scoyoc Women's Feminist Papers Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["The Lynda Van Scoyoc Women's Feminist Papers Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection processed by April Karlene Anderson and Nava Cohen; finding aid prepared by April Karlene Anderson and Nava Cohen. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAll paper clips have been removed and replaced with plastic clips. Post-it notes have been moved to the edges of pages. Photographs have been placed in clear archival sleeves. All documents have been placed in acid free folders and all materials have been re-housed in acid free boxes.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Collection processed by April Karlene Anderson and Nava Cohen; finding aid prepared by April Karlene Anderson and Nava Cohen. ","All paper clips have been removed and replaced with plastic clips. Post-it notes have been moved to the edges of pages. Photographs have been placed in clear archival sleeves. All documents have been placed in acid free folders and all materials have been re-housed in acid free boxes."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2002-01\"\u003eLou Frey Papers\u003c/extref\u003e, Special Collections \u0026amp; University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n\u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/ead/FreyInstitute\"\u003eLou Frey Institute of Politics and Government Collection\u003c/extref\u003e, Special Collections \u0026amp; University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n\u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM1991-01\"\u003eGeorge Stuart Papers\u003c/extref\u003e, Special Collections \u0026amp; University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n\u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2005-02\"\u003ePhyllis J. Hudson Political Papers\u003c/extref\u003e, Special Collections \u0026amp; University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n\u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2002-02\"\u003eBeatrice B. Ettinger Papers\u003c/extref\u003e, Special Collections \u0026amp; University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Lou Frey Papers , Special Collections \u0026 University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, Florida.","Lou Frey Institute of Politics and Government Collection , Special Collections \u0026 University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, Florida.","George Stuart Papers , Special Collections \u0026 University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, Florida.","Phyllis J. Hudson Political Papers , Special Collections \u0026 University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, Florida.","Beatrice B. Ettinger Papers , Special Collections \u0026 University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, Florida."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Women's Political Caucus, 1970-2001 holds materials collected by Van Scoyoc during her time with the various women's political caucuses in which she worked. Many of the materials are from conventions that Van Scoyoc attended for the NWPC as well as the FLWPC. Materials also include meeting notes, correspondence, news clippings, stickers, and metal buttons.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries II: Outside Interests, 1970-2000, holds materials collected by Van Scoyoc that she acquired while working with committees not affiliated with any of the Women's Political Caucuses. Several of the committees Van Scoyoc served on were likely due to her status with the various caucuses, however, Van Scoyoc served on them in a singular capacity. These materials include meeting notes, correspondence, news clippings, stickers, and metal buttons.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries III: Feminist Research, 1970-1998 holds materials collected by Van Scoyoc on feminism in the United States and Russia. Items collected in this series relate to women's stories from magazines and newsclippings. Several religious brochures are also in this series.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Series I: Women's Political Caucus, 1970-2001 holds materials collected by Van Scoyoc during her time with the various women's political caucuses in which she worked. Many of the materials are from conventions that Van Scoyoc attended for the NWPC as well as the FLWPC. Materials also include meeting notes, correspondence, news clippings, stickers, and metal buttons.","\nSeries II: Outside Interests, 1970-2000, holds materials collected by Van Scoyoc that she acquired while working with committees not affiliated with any of the Women's Political Caucuses. Several of the committees Van Scoyoc served on were likely due to her status with the various caucuses, however, Van Scoyoc served on them in a singular capacity. These materials include meeting notes, correspondence, news clippings, stickers, and metal buttons.","\nSeries III: Feminist Research, 1970-1998 holds materials collected by Van Scoyoc on feminism in the United States and Russia. Items collected in this series relate to women's stories from magazines and newsclippings. Several religious brochures are also in this series."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished records are protected by copyright. Permission to publish quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished records are protected by copyright. Permission to publish quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_3f21fa86fc223c4b8078e904ffb04b28\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Lynda Van Scoyoc Feminist Papers Collection contains the materials collected by Lynda Van Scoyoc during her time working with the National Women's Political Caucus, Florida Women's Political Caucus, and the Metropolitan Orlando Women's Political Caucus. This collection reflects the growth of each organization during the late 20th century as well as chronicling the struggle by each group in their efforts to make positive changes to women's rights. Researchers should note that portions of this collection were written only in shorthand notation.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Lynda Van Scoyoc Feminist Papers Collection contains the materials collected by Lynda Van Scoyoc during her time working with the National Women's Political Caucus, Florida Women's Political Caucus, and the Metropolitan Orlando Women's Political Caucus. This collection reflects the growth of each organization during the late 20th century as well as chronicling the struggle by each group in their efforts to make positive changes to women's rights. Researchers should note that portions of this collection were written only in shorthand notation."],"names_coll_ssim":["National Women's Political Caucus (U.S.)"],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","National Women's Political Caucus (U.S.)","Van Scoyoc, Lynda, 1930-2020"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","National Women's Political Caucus (U.S.)"],"persname_ssim":["Van Scoyoc, Lynda, 1930-2020"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":95,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870857781102247936,"_root_":"34d15c9d09dda504e1f86cad","timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:03:35.484Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/34d15c9d09dda504e1f86cad_aspace_39199"}},{"id":"494d175c32d55745f7fddbc7_aspace_4691","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Genuine Photographs, 1907-1988, Undated","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/494d175c32d55745f7fddbc7_aspace_4691#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eThis part of the collection is made up of postcards that have a picture on one side.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/494d175c32d55745f7fddbc7_aspace_4691#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_4691","ref_ssm":["aspace_4691","aspace_4691"],"id":"494d175c32d55745f7fddbc7_aspace_4691","title_filing_ssi":"Genuine Photographs","title_ssm":["Genuine Photographs"],"title_tesim":["Genuine Photographs"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1907-1988, Undated"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1907-1988, Undated"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Genuine Photographs, 1907-1988, Undated"],"text":["Genuine Photographs, 1907-1988, Undated","Florida Image Collection, 1884-2002","Photo Postcards, 1898-1988, Undated","Folder 20","/repositories/4/archival_objects/11623","box 1","folder 20","This part of the collection is made up of postcards that have a picture on one side."],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["494d175c32d55745f7fddbc7","494d175c32d55745f7fddbc7_aspace_4689"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Florida Image Collection, 1884-2002","Photo Postcards, 1898-1988, Undated"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Florida Image Collection, 1884-2002","Photo Postcards, 1898-1988, Undated"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["Folder 20","/repositories/4/archival_objects/11623"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Florida Image Collection, 1884-2002"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":29,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":382,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The entire collection is open for research."],"date_range_isim":[1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988],"containers_ssim":["box 1","folder 20"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis part of the collection is made up of postcards that have a picture on one side.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This part of the collection is made up of postcards that have a picture on one side."],"_nest_path_":"/components#4/components#0","_nest_parent_":"494d175c32d55745f7fddbc7_aspace_4689","_root_":"494d175c32d55745f7fddbc7","_version_":1881733134670626816,"timestamp":"2026-11-13T09:02:40.854Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"494d175c32d55745f7fddbc7","title_ssm":["Florida Image Collection"],"title_tesim":["Florida Image Collection"],"ead_ssi":"494d175c32d55745f7fddbc7","unitdate_ssm":["1884-2002"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1884-2002"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC067","/repositories/4/resources/58"],"text":["SC067","/repositories/4/resources/58","Florida Image Collection, 1884-2002","Florida","photographs","The entire collection is open for research.","The Florida Image collection contains images and picture postcards obtained from other UCF Archives collections, as well as purchases and donations. The majority come from the The Thomas and Georgine Mickler Collection. The Mickler collection was partly purchased and donated to the University. Other photos within the collection originated in the Special Collections Vertical File. The Vertical File contains a variety of collected materials on University of Central Florida, local history, typography and book arts, and the West Indies, subjects relating to the collections held by Special Collections. Also included in the collection are images from the Children's Home Society of Florida collection.","Many of the images were previously included in the Thomas and Georgine Mickler Collection and the Florida Ephemera collection. Both of these collections are housed in the University of Central Florida Archives.","Collection processed by Alexandra Olson; finding aid created by Alexandra Olson.","The photographs and postcards were sleeved and placed in acid-free folders and boxes.","More photographs may be found in the papers of individual University Presidents, as well as the Univeristy Photograph Collection. All these materials may be accessed in the Special Collections Reading Room.","Generally, images of individuals arranged alphabetically begin each subseries followed by groups of people and ending with unidentified images. The collection includes postcard images of scenes and places in Florida. Many of the photographs were originally part of the Thomas and Georgine Mickler Collection. The photos are arranged by series according to the type of image. The prints are mostly black and white, but a few are in color. The photographs and postcards have been arranged in nine series by subject","\nSeries I: People, 1913-1987, Undated contains photographic prints of individuals and groups that have been arranged in subseries from identifiable people and families to albums and ending with individuals and groups. Images, in this series, like those of the Pope family are significant to Florida because Dick Pope was the creator of Cypress Gardens, Florida's first theme park. Images of the Roper family are important because of this family's link to the Florida Citrus Industry and the Winter Garden area.","\nSeries II: Places, 1903-1988, Undated holds photographs of places and localities from around Florida arranged alphabetically. Disney forms the first subseries, followed by the John F. Kennedy Space Center, general localities and ending with a colleciton of photographs of Orange Blossom Trail in South Orlando.","\nSeries III: Environment, 1899-1999, Undated contains images of native wildlife, plants of Florida, ending with photographs of hurricanes.","\nSeries IV: Miscellaneous Images, 2002, Undated contains photographs and images that do not fit within any other series, but are still important to the memory of Florida.","\nSeries V: Photo Postcards, 1898-1988, Undated holds postcards that have either a genuine photograph or a printed image on one side. The printed postcards are divided into subseries by subject. The nine subjects include: Churches, hotels, localities, native plants, native wildlife, people, tourism, transportation and miscellaneous.","\nSeries VI: Picture Books (Souvenir Albums), 1884-1969, Undated contains albums and postcard books with many different images of Florida. The series is arranged alphabetically by title of book, and spans from Railroads to Locales.","\nSeries VII: Caribbean Postcards, 1954, Undated contains postcards with different images of Carribbean life.","\nSeries VIII: Color Plates and Oversized Postcards, 1960, Undated holds all the oversized postcards from the collection as well as a collection of color plates. Plates are whole-sheet illustrations, printed separately from text. The images in this series cover a wide variety of Florida scenery and locales.","\nSeries IX: Negatives, Undated contains all the negatives of the collection.","The images document all aspects of Central Florida history including people, such as prominent people and families, places around Florida, Florida wildlife and plantlife, as well as, images from the Kennedy Space Center and Disney. The majority of the collection dates from about 1900-1960.","UCF Special Collections","Mickler, Thomas, 1912-1997","Mickler, Georgine, 1914-1998","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC067","/repositories/4/resources/58"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1884-2002"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Florida Image Collection, 1884-2002"],"collection_title_tesim":["Florida Image Collection, 1884-2002"],"collection_ssim":["Florida Image Collection, 1884-2002"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Florida"],"geogname_ssim":["Florida"],"creator_ssm":["Mickler, Thomas, 1912-1997","Mickler, Georgine, 1914-1998"],"creator_ssim":["Mickler, Thomas, 1912-1997","Mickler, Georgine, 1914-1998"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Mickler, Thomas, 1912-1997","Mickler, Georgine, 1914-1998"],"creators_ssim":["Mickler, Thomas, 1912-1997","Mickler, Georgine, 1914-1998"],"places_ssim":["Florida"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Photographs used in the collection were taken from the Thomas and Georgine Mickler Collection, the UCF Libraries, Special Collections vertical file,as well as, other purchases and acessions.","This collection was a mixture of purchased and donated from the Mickler Estate and other sources in 2006 (CFM2006_08)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.65 Linear Feet 4 Boxes, 1 Flat File"],"extent_tesim":["1.65 Linear Feet 4 Boxes, 1 Flat File"],"genreform_ssim":["photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Florida Image collection contains images and picture postcards obtained from other UCF Archives collections, as well as purchases and donations. The majority come from the The Thomas and Georgine Mickler Collection. The Mickler collection was partly purchased and donated to the University. Other photos within the collection originated in the Special Collections Vertical File. The Vertical File contains a variety of collected materials on University of Central Florida, local history, typography and book arts, and the West Indies, subjects relating to the collections held by Special Collections. Also included in the collection are images from the Children's Home Society of Florida collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Florida Image collection contains images and picture postcards obtained from other UCF Archives collections, as well as purchases and donations. The majority come from the The Thomas and Georgine Mickler Collection. The Mickler collection was partly purchased and donated to the University. Other photos within the collection originated in the Special Collections Vertical File. The Vertical File contains a variety of collected materials on University of Central Florida, local history, typography and book arts, and the West Indies, subjects relating to the collections held by Special Collections. Also included in the collection are images from the Children's Home Society of Florida collection."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMany of the images were previously included in the Thomas and Georgine Mickler Collection and the Florida Ephemera collection. Both of these collections are housed in the University of Central Florida Archives.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Many of the images were previously included in the Thomas and Georgine Mickler Collection and the Florida Ephemera collection. Both of these collections are housed in the University of Central Florida Archives."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFlorida Image Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Florida Image Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection processed by Alexandra Olson; finding aid created by Alexandra Olson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe photographs and postcards were sleeved and placed in acid-free folders and boxes.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Collection processed by Alexandra Olson; finding aid created by Alexandra Olson.","The photographs and postcards were sleeved and placed in acid-free folders and boxes."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMore photographs may be found in the papers of individual University Presidents, as well as the Univeristy Photograph Collection. All these materials may be accessed in the Special Collections Reading Room.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["More photographs may be found in the papers of individual University Presidents, as well as the Univeristy Photograph Collection. All these materials may be accessed in the Special Collections Reading Room."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGenerally, images of individuals arranged alphabetically begin each subseries followed by groups of people and ending with unidentified images. The collection includes postcard images of scenes and places in Florida. Many of the photographs were originally part of the Thomas and Georgine Mickler Collection. The photos are arranged by series according to the type of image. The prints are mostly black and white, but a few are in color. The photographs and postcards have been arranged in nine series by subject\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries I: People, 1913-1987, Undated contains photographic prints of individuals and groups that have been arranged in subseries from identifiable people and families to albums and ending with individuals and groups. Images, in this series, like those of the Pope family are significant to Florida because Dick Pope was the creator of Cypress Gardens, Florida's first theme park. Images of the Roper family are important because of this family's link to the Florida Citrus Industry and the Winter Garden area.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries II: Places, 1903-1988, Undated holds photographs of places and localities from around Florida arranged alphabetically. Disney forms the first subseries, followed by the John F. Kennedy Space Center, general localities and ending with a colleciton of photographs of Orange Blossom Trail in South Orlando.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries III: Environment, 1899-1999, Undated contains images of native wildlife, plants of Florida, ending with photographs of hurricanes.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries IV: Miscellaneous Images, 2002, Undated contains photographs and images that do not fit within any other series, but are still important to the memory of Florida.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries V: Photo Postcards, 1898-1988, Undated holds postcards that have either a genuine photograph or a printed image on one side. The printed postcards are divided into subseries by subject. The nine subjects include: Churches, hotels, localities, native plants, native wildlife, people, tourism, transportation and miscellaneous.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VI: Picture Books (Souvenir Albums), 1884-1969, Undated contains albums and postcard books with many different images of Florida. The series is arranged alphabetically by title of book, and spans from Railroads to Locales.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VII: Caribbean Postcards, 1954, Undated contains postcards with different images of Carribbean life.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VIII: Color Plates and Oversized Postcards, 1960, Undated holds all the oversized postcards from the collection as well as a collection of color plates. Plates are whole-sheet illustrations, printed separately from text. The images in this series cover a wide variety of Florida scenery and locales.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries IX: Negatives, Undated contains all the negatives of the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Generally, images of individuals arranged alphabetically begin each subseries followed by groups of people and ending with unidentified images. The collection includes postcard images of scenes and places in Florida. Many of the photographs were originally part of the Thomas and Georgine Mickler Collection. The photos are arranged by series according to the type of image. The prints are mostly black and white, but a few are in color. The photographs and postcards have been arranged in nine series by subject","\nSeries I: People, 1913-1987, Undated contains photographic prints of individuals and groups that have been arranged in subseries from identifiable people and families to albums and ending with individuals and groups. Images, in this series, like those of the Pope family are significant to Florida because Dick Pope was the creator of Cypress Gardens, Florida's first theme park. Images of the Roper family are important because of this family's link to the Florida Citrus Industry and the Winter Garden area.","\nSeries II: Places, 1903-1988, Undated holds photographs of places and localities from around Florida arranged alphabetically. Disney forms the first subseries, followed by the John F. Kennedy Space Center, general localities and ending with a colleciton of photographs of Orange Blossom Trail in South Orlando.","\nSeries III: Environment, 1899-1999, Undated contains images of native wildlife, plants of Florida, ending with photographs of hurricanes.","\nSeries IV: Miscellaneous Images, 2002, Undated contains photographs and images that do not fit within any other series, but are still important to the memory of Florida.","\nSeries V: Photo Postcards, 1898-1988, Undated holds postcards that have either a genuine photograph or a printed image on one side. The printed postcards are divided into subseries by subject. The nine subjects include: Churches, hotels, localities, native plants, native wildlife, people, tourism, transportation and miscellaneous.","\nSeries VI: Picture Books (Souvenir Albums), 1884-1969, Undated contains albums and postcard books with many different images of Florida. The series is arranged alphabetically by title of book, and spans from Railroads to Locales.","\nSeries VII: Caribbean Postcards, 1954, Undated contains postcards with different images of Carribbean life.","\nSeries VIII: Color Plates and Oversized Postcards, 1960, Undated holds all the oversized postcards from the collection as well as a collection of color plates. Plates are whole-sheet illustrations, printed separately from text. The images in this series cover a wide variety of Florida scenery and locales.","\nSeries IX: Negatives, Undated contains all the negatives of the collection."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_c1764512ad44520b697525a0abb48530\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe images document all aspects of Central Florida history including people, such as prominent people and families, places around Florida, Florida wildlife and plantlife, as well as, images from the Kennedy Space Center and Disney. The majority of the collection dates from about 1900-1960.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The images document all aspects of Central Florida history including people, such as prominent people and families, places around Florida, Florida wildlife and plantlife, as well as, images from the Kennedy Space Center and Disney. The majority of the collection dates from about 1900-1960."],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Mickler, Thomas, 1912-1997","Mickler, Georgine, 1914-1998"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Mickler, Thomas, 1912-1997","Mickler, Georgine, 1914-1998"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1301,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1881733134670626816,"_root_":"494d175c32d55745f7fddbc7","timestamp":"2026-11-13T09:02:40.854Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/494d175c32d55745f7fddbc7_aspace_4691"}},{"id":"c40ea28f592b9375ab1a34ef","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"George Allen Collection, Circa 1949-2014","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/c40ea28f592b9375ab1a34ef#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eThe George Allen collection contains materials documenting the professional and personal life of Florida attorney and civil rights activist W. George Allen, whose work led to the desegregation of the Broward County Schools in 1970. The materials in the collectino date from 1943 to 2013, with the bulk of the materials dating from 1970 to 2013.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/c40ea28f592b9375ab1a34ef#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"c40ea28f592b9375ab1a34ef","title_filing_ssi":"Allen, George Collection","title_ssm":["George Allen Collection"],"title_tesim":["George Allen Collection"],"ead_ssi":"c40ea28f592b9375ab1a34ef","unitdate_ssm":["Circa 1949-2014"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Circa 1949-2014"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["File","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["AARLCC.2013.4","/repositories/2/resources/248"],"text":["AARLCC.2013.4","/repositories/2/resources/248","George Allen Collection, Circa 1949-2014","Fort Lauderdale (Fla.)","African American lawyers -- Florida -- Fort Lauderdale","Allen, W. George, 1936- -- Interviews","Transportation -- Florida -- Broward County","African Americans -- Civil Rights -- Florida -- Broward County -- History","University of Florida -- Alumni and alumnae","plaques (flat objects)","Photographs","Certificates","Correspondence","Clippings","The George Allen Collection is open for research.","The George Allen Collection is arranged into seven series: Series I. Correspondence, Series II. Professional Papers, Series III. Personal Papers, Series IV. Photographs, Series V. Printed Materials, Series VI. Awards, and Series VII. Posters.","Lawyer and civil rights activist Willie George Allen was born on March 3, 1936 in Sanford, Florida to parents Lessie Williams and Fletcher Allen. Allen was raised by his mother and stepfather, Bruce Brown. He graduated from Crooms High School in 1954. In 1958, Allen earned his Bachelor of Science degree in political science and minored in economics. After graduation, he served in the U.S. Army as a special agent in the Counter Intelligence Corps for two years. In 1960, he entered the University of Florida College of Law. During law school, Allen organized lunch counter sit-ins in Gainesville, Florida. In 1962, he earned his J.D. degree from the University of Florida Law School. He was the first African American to earn a law degree from a Florida institution. Allen was admitted to the Florida Bar Association in 1963 and the Bar of the United States Supreme Court in 1970.","After receiving his law degree, Allen moved with his family to Fort Lauderdale, Florida where he worked at the law firm of Orr \u0026 Kaplan for six months. He started his own law practice, thereafter, working there for forty-two years. He retired from practicing law in 2014.","In 1970, George Allen filed the lawsuit that led to the desegregation of Broward County's public schools and transportation accommodations. Previously, he had unsuccessfully tried to enroll his two sons, Frederick and Timothy, at Northside Elementary School. The case was initiated on their behalf on January 9, 1970 against the Board of Public Instruction and the School Superintendent of Broward County.","Allen was a member of organizations such as the Urban League of Broward County, the Florida Bar Association, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), and the Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc. He served as Broward County Bar Association's president from 1988 to 1989. In 2003, he was inducted into the National Bar Association's Hall of Fame. Additionally, Allen was appointed to Florida A\u0026M University's Board of Trustees in 2005. He recieved the Distinguished Alumnus Award from the University of Florida in 2000.","During college at Florida A\u0026M University, George Allen met Enid Meadows (1935-2018). They married on December 18, 1958 in Tallahassee, Florida, and had four children. Allen passed away on October 7, 2019.","This collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection.","View a selection of digitized materials from the George Allen Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives.","The George Allen collection contains materials documenting the professional and personal life of Florida attorney and civil rights activist W. George Allen, whose work led to the desegregation of the Broward County Schools in 1970. The materials in the collectino date from 1943 to 2013, with the bulk of the materials dating from 1970 to 2013.","Correspondence includes letters written to George Allen by personal and professional colleagues such as Muhammad Ali, Honorary Chairman of the Congressional Black Caucus Dinner, and William G. Crawford.","Professional papers consist of materials related to attorney George Allen and his career in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. The series includes copies of the City of Fort Lauderdale vs. Eula Johnson court case (1961-1962); an oral history interview transcript of George Allen by Joel Buchanan at the University of Florida; an interview of George Allen moderated by Dr. Tameka Hobbs at the African American Research Library and Cultural Center for the Culture Keepers series program; a speech entitled \"Realizing the dream: equity for all\" for the Broward County Bar Association; and research files and notes, particularly on transportation, ecology and pollution in Broward County from 1970 to 1971. ","Personal papers include items collected by George Allen. Materials include a Junior-Senior Promenade event pamphlet at Crooms High School, a miniature shovel souvenir from the African American Research Library and Cultural Center groundbreaking ceremony attended in 1999, a paper entitled \"The long hard fight for equal rights\" by Fort Lauderdale architect William G. Crawford, and University of Florida commencement programs from 2001 and 2003. The series is organized alphabetically by title.","The Photographs series contains images of George Allen and others. Photographs include George Allen with Eula Johnson, L.V. Davis, Bishop L. Williams, and Mother Francis at the Freeman Funeral Home in Pompano Beach, Florida (1963), George Allen with others at an event in 2009, George Allen with others at the White House (1975), George Allen recieving the Distinguised Alumnus Award from President Charles E. Young at a University of Florida commencement ceremony (2000), and unidentified baby photographs. The series is organized alphabetically by title.","The 1971 newspaper clipping from the Fort Lauderdale News entitled \"School transportation staff does bus routing revision\" explains the creation of new bus schedules for Broward County schools.","The Awards series contains proclamations, certificates, plaques and glass plaques awarded to George Allen for his professional and community service. George Allen recieved awards from organizations such as Broward County Bar Association, National Bar Association, Federal Bar Association, Florida A\u0026M University, United Way of Broward County, and University of Florida. He was honored with the Distinguished Alumnus Award from University of Florida in 2000. Proclamations and certificates include George Allen's appointment to the Board of Trustees at Florida A\u0026M University (2005), George Allen Appreciation Day (2013), Brown v. Board of Education in Broward County (2004), the keynote speaker for the Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Day in the City of Parkland (2004), and a named honored found for 2004 in a resolution from the City Commission of City of Fort Lauderdale.","George and Enid Allen donated two DVDs with this collection. The DVDs from this collection were cataloged in the Broward County Library catalog with the prefix \"ALN\".","AARLCC Special Collections","Allen, W. George, 1936-","English"],"unitid_tesim":["AARLCC.2013.4","/repositories/2/resources/248"],"normalized_date_ssm":["Circa 1949-2014"],"normalized_title_ssm":["George Allen Collection, Circa 1949-2014"],"collection_title_tesim":["George Allen Collection, Circa 1949-2014"],"collection_ssim":["George Allen Collection, Circa 1949-2014"],"repository_ssm":["AARLCC Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Fort Lauderdale (Fla.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Fort Lauderdale (Fla.)"],"places_ssim":["Fort Lauderdale (Fla.)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Enid Meadows Allen and W. George Allen donated the materials to AARLCC Special Collections on August 27, 2013 (Accession AARLCC-2013.4)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African American lawyers -- Florida -- Fort Lauderdale","Allen, W. George, 1936- -- Interviews","Transportation -- Florida -- Broward County","African Americans -- Civil Rights -- Florida -- Broward County -- History","University of Florida -- Alumni and alumnae","plaques (flat objects)","Photographs","Certificates","Correspondence","Clippings"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African American lawyers -- Florida -- Fort Lauderdale","Allen, W. George, 1936- -- Interviews","Transportation -- Florida -- Broward County","African Americans -- Civil Rights -- Florida -- Broward County -- History","University of Florida -- Alumni and alumnae","plaques (flat objects)","Photographs","Certificates","Correspondence","Clippings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["14 Hollinger Boxes"],"extent_tesim":["14 Hollinger Boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["plaques (flat objects)","Photographs","Certificates","Correspondence","Clippings"],"date_range_isim":[1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe George Allen Collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The George Allen Collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe George Allen Collection is arranged into seven series: Series I. Correspondence, Series II. Professional Papers, Series III. Personal Papers, Series IV. Photographs, Series V. Printed Materials, Series VI. Awards, and Series VII. Posters.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The George Allen Collection is arranged into seven series: Series I. Correspondence, Series II. Professional Papers, Series III. Personal Papers, Series IV. Photographs, Series V. Printed Materials, Series VI. Awards, and Series VII. Posters."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLawyer and civil rights activist Willie George Allen was born on March 3, 1936 in Sanford, Florida to parents Lessie Williams and Fletcher Allen. Allen was raised by his mother and stepfather, Bruce Brown. He graduated from Crooms High School in 1954. In 1958, Allen earned his Bachelor of Science degree in political science and minored in economics. After graduation, he served in the U.S. Army as a special agent in the Counter Intelligence Corps for two years. In 1960, he entered the University of Florida College of Law. During law school, Allen organized lunch counter sit-ins in Gainesville, Florida. In 1962, he earned his J.D. degree from the University of Florida Law School. He was the first African American to earn a law degree from a Florida institution. Allen was admitted to the Florida Bar Association in 1963 and the Bar of the United States Supreme Court in 1970.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter receiving his law degree, Allen moved with his family to Fort Lauderdale, Florida where he worked at the law firm of Orr \u0026amp; Kaplan for six months. He started his own law practice, thereafter, working there for forty-two years. He retired from practicing law in 2014.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1970, George Allen filed the lawsuit that led to the desegregation of Broward County's public schools and transportation accommodations. Previously, he had unsuccessfully tried to enroll his two sons, Frederick and Timothy, at Northside Elementary School. The case was initiated on their behalf on January 9, 1970 against the Board of Public Instruction and the School Superintendent of Broward County.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAllen was a member of organizations such as the Urban League of Broward County, the Florida Bar Association, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), and the Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc. He served as Broward County Bar Association's president from 1988 to 1989. In 2003, he was inducted into the National Bar Association's Hall of Fame. Additionally, Allen was appointed to Florida A\u0026amp;M University's Board of Trustees in 2005. He recieved the Distinguished Alumnus Award from the University of Florida in 2000.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring college at Florida A\u0026amp;M University, George Allen met Enid Meadows (1935-2018). They married on December 18, 1958 in Tallahassee, Florida, and had four children. Allen passed away on October 7, 2019.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Lawyer and civil rights activist Willie George Allen was born on March 3, 1936 in Sanford, Florida to parents Lessie Williams and Fletcher Allen. Allen was raised by his mother and stepfather, Bruce Brown. He graduated from Crooms High School in 1954. In 1958, Allen earned his Bachelor of Science degree in political science and minored in economics. After graduation, he served in the U.S. Army as a special agent in the Counter Intelligence Corps for two years. In 1960, he entered the University of Florida College of Law. During law school, Allen organized lunch counter sit-ins in Gainesville, Florida. In 1962, he earned his J.D. degree from the University of Florida Law School. He was the first African American to earn a law degree from a Florida institution. Allen was admitted to the Florida Bar Association in 1963 and the Bar of the United States Supreme Court in 1970.","After receiving his law degree, Allen moved with his family to Fort Lauderdale, Florida where he worked at the law firm of Orr \u0026 Kaplan for six months. He started his own law practice, thereafter, working there for forty-two years. He retired from practicing law in 2014.","In 1970, George Allen filed the lawsuit that led to the desegregation of Broward County's public schools and transportation accommodations. Previously, he had unsuccessfully tried to enroll his two sons, Frederick and Timothy, at Northside Elementary School. The case was initiated on their behalf on January 9, 1970 against the Board of Public Instruction and the School Superintendent of Broward County.","Allen was a member of organizations such as the Urban League of Broward County, the Florida Bar Association, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), and the Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc. He served as Broward County Bar Association's president from 1988 to 1989. In 2003, he was inducted into the National Bar Association's Hall of Fame. Additionally, Allen was appointed to Florida A\u0026M University's Board of Trustees in 2005. He recieved the Distinguished Alumnus Award from the University of Florida in 2000.","During college at Florida A\u0026M University, George Allen met Enid Meadows (1935-2018). They married on December 18, 1958 in Tallahassee, Florida, and had four children. Allen passed away on October 7, 2019."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Allen Collection (AARLCC-2013.4), AARLCC Special Collections, Broward County Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["George Allen Collection (AARLCC-2013.4), AARLCC Special Collections, Broward County Library."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://digitalarchives.broward.org/digital/collection/p16146coll43/search\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eView a selection of digitized materials from the George Allen Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Digital Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["View a selection of digitized materials from the George Allen Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe George Allen collection contains materials documenting the professional and personal life of Florida attorney and civil rights activist W. George Allen, whose work led to the desegregation of the Broward County Schools in 1970. The materials in the collectino date from 1943 to 2013, with the bulk of the materials dating from 1970 to 2013.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence includes letters written to George Allen by personal and professional colleagues such as Muhammad Ali, Honorary Chairman of the Congressional Black Caucus Dinner, and William G. Crawford.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eProfessional papers consist of materials related to attorney George Allen and his career in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. The series includes copies of the City of Fort Lauderdale vs. Eula Johnson court case (1961-1962); an oral history interview transcript of George Allen by Joel Buchanan at the University of Florida; an interview of George Allen moderated by Dr. Tameka Hobbs at the African American Research Library and Cultural Center for the Culture Keepers series program; a speech entitled \"Realizing the dream: equity for all\" for the Broward County Bar Association; and research files and notes, particularly on transportation, ecology and pollution in Broward County from 1970 to 1971. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePersonal papers include items collected by George Allen. Materials include a Junior-Senior Promenade event pamphlet at Crooms High School, a miniature shovel souvenir from the African American Research Library and Cultural Center groundbreaking ceremony attended in 1999, a paper entitled \"The long hard fight for equal rights\" by Fort Lauderdale architect William G. Crawford, and University of Florida commencement programs from 2001 and 2003. The series is organized alphabetically by title.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Photographs series contains images of George Allen and others. Photographs include George Allen with Eula Johnson, L.V. Davis, Bishop L. Williams, and Mother Francis at the Freeman Funeral Home in Pompano Beach, Florida (1963), George Allen with others at an event in 2009, George Allen with others at the White House (1975), George Allen recieving the Distinguised Alumnus Award from President Charles E. Young at a University of Florida commencement ceremony (2000), and unidentified baby photographs. The series is organized alphabetically by title.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe 1971 newspaper clipping from the Fort Lauderdale News entitled \"School transportation staff does bus routing revision\" explains the creation of new bus schedules for Broward County schools.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Awards series contains proclamations, certificates, plaques and glass plaques awarded to George Allen for his professional and community service. George Allen recieved awards from organizations such as Broward County Bar Association, National Bar Association, Federal Bar Association, Florida A\u0026amp;M University, United Way of Broward County, and University of Florida. He was honored with the Distinguished Alumnus Award from University of Florida in 2000. Proclamations and certificates include George Allen's appointment to the Board of Trustees at Florida A\u0026amp;M University (2005), George Allen Appreciation Day (2013), Brown v. Board of Education in Broward County (2004), the keynote speaker for the Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Day in the City of Parkland (2004), and a named honored found for 2004 in a resolution from the City Commission of City of Fort Lauderdale.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The George Allen collection contains materials documenting the professional and personal life of Florida attorney and civil rights activist W. George Allen, whose work led to the desegregation of the Broward County Schools in 1970. The materials in the collectino date from 1943 to 2013, with the bulk of the materials dating from 1970 to 2013.","Correspondence includes letters written to George Allen by personal and professional colleagues such as Muhammad Ali, Honorary Chairman of the Congressional Black Caucus Dinner, and William G. Crawford.","Professional papers consist of materials related to attorney George Allen and his career in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. The series includes copies of the City of Fort Lauderdale vs. Eula Johnson court case (1961-1962); an oral history interview transcript of George Allen by Joel Buchanan at the University of Florida; an interview of George Allen moderated by Dr. Tameka Hobbs at the African American Research Library and Cultural Center for the Culture Keepers series program; a speech entitled \"Realizing the dream: equity for all\" for the Broward County Bar Association; and research files and notes, particularly on transportation, ecology and pollution in Broward County from 1970 to 1971. ","Personal papers include items collected by George Allen. Materials include a Junior-Senior Promenade event pamphlet at Crooms High School, a miniature shovel souvenir from the African American Research Library and Cultural Center groundbreaking ceremony attended in 1999, a paper entitled \"The long hard fight for equal rights\" by Fort Lauderdale architect William G. Crawford, and University of Florida commencement programs from 2001 and 2003. The series is organized alphabetically by title.","The Photographs series contains images of George Allen and others. Photographs include George Allen with Eula Johnson, L.V. Davis, Bishop L. Williams, and Mother Francis at the Freeman Funeral Home in Pompano Beach, Florida (1963), George Allen with others at an event in 2009, George Allen with others at the White House (1975), George Allen recieving the Distinguised Alumnus Award from President Charles E. Young at a University of Florida commencement ceremony (2000), and unidentified baby photographs. The series is organized alphabetically by title.","The 1971 newspaper clipping from the Fort Lauderdale News entitled \"School transportation staff does bus routing revision\" explains the creation of new bus schedules for Broward County schools.","The Awards series contains proclamations, certificates, plaques and glass plaques awarded to George Allen for his professional and community service. George Allen recieved awards from organizations such as Broward County Bar Association, National Bar Association, Federal Bar Association, Florida A\u0026M University, United Way of Broward County, and University of Florida. He was honored with the Distinguished Alumnus Award from University of Florida in 2000. Proclamations and certificates include George Allen's appointment to the Board of Trustees at Florida A\u0026M University (2005), George Allen Appreciation Day (2013), Brown v. Board of Education in Broward County (2004), the keynote speaker for the Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Day in the City of Parkland (2004), and a named honored found for 2004 in a resolution from the City Commission of City of Fort Lauderdale."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://broward.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/results?qu=ALN\u0026amp;qf=LOCATION%09Shelf+Location%091%3AAF-SPC%09AARLCC+Special+Collections\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eGeorge and Enid Allen donated two DVDs with this collection. The DVDs from this collection were cataloged in the Broward County Library catalog with the prefix \"ALN\".\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["George and Enid Allen donated two DVDs with this collection. The DVDs from this collection were cataloged in the Broward County Library catalog with the prefix \"ALN\"."],"names_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections","Allen, W. George, 1936-"],"corpname_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections"],"names_coll_ssim":["Allen, W. George, 1936-"],"persname_ssim":["Allen, W. George, 1936-"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":81,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1876455806912692224,"_root_":"c40ea28f592b9375ab1a34ef","timestamp":"2026-09-16T03:01:48.923Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"c40ea28f592b9375ab1a34ef","title_filing_ssi":"Allen, George Collection","title_ssm":["George Allen Collection"],"title_tesim":["George Allen Collection"],"ead_ssi":"c40ea28f592b9375ab1a34ef","unitdate_ssm":["Circa 1949-2014"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Circa 1949-2014"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["File","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["AARLCC.2013.4","/repositories/2/resources/248"],"text":["AARLCC.2013.4","/repositories/2/resources/248","George Allen Collection, Circa 1949-2014","Fort Lauderdale (Fla.)","African American lawyers -- Florida -- Fort Lauderdale","Allen, W. George, 1936- -- Interviews","Transportation -- Florida -- Broward County","African Americans -- Civil Rights -- Florida -- Broward County -- History","University of Florida -- Alumni and alumnae","plaques (flat objects)","Photographs","Certificates","Correspondence","Clippings","The George Allen Collection is open for research.","The George Allen Collection is arranged into seven series: Series I. Correspondence, Series II. Professional Papers, Series III. Personal Papers, Series IV. Photographs, Series V. Printed Materials, Series VI. Awards, and Series VII. Posters.","Lawyer and civil rights activist Willie George Allen was born on March 3, 1936 in Sanford, Florida to parents Lessie Williams and Fletcher Allen. Allen was raised by his mother and stepfather, Bruce Brown. He graduated from Crooms High School in 1954. In 1958, Allen earned his Bachelor of Science degree in political science and minored in economics. After graduation, he served in the U.S. Army as a special agent in the Counter Intelligence Corps for two years. In 1960, he entered the University of Florida College of Law. During law school, Allen organized lunch counter sit-ins in Gainesville, Florida. In 1962, he earned his J.D. degree from the University of Florida Law School. He was the first African American to earn a law degree from a Florida institution. Allen was admitted to the Florida Bar Association in 1963 and the Bar of the United States Supreme Court in 1970.","After receiving his law degree, Allen moved with his family to Fort Lauderdale, Florida where he worked at the law firm of Orr \u0026 Kaplan for six months. He started his own law practice, thereafter, working there for forty-two years. He retired from practicing law in 2014.","In 1970, George Allen filed the lawsuit that led to the desegregation of Broward County's public schools and transportation accommodations. Previously, he had unsuccessfully tried to enroll his two sons, Frederick and Timothy, at Northside Elementary School. The case was initiated on their behalf on January 9, 1970 against the Board of Public Instruction and the School Superintendent of Broward County.","Allen was a member of organizations such as the Urban League of Broward County, the Florida Bar Association, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), and the Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc. He served as Broward County Bar Association's president from 1988 to 1989. In 2003, he was inducted into the National Bar Association's Hall of Fame. Additionally, Allen was appointed to Florida A\u0026M University's Board of Trustees in 2005. He recieved the Distinguished Alumnus Award from the University of Florida in 2000.","During college at Florida A\u0026M University, George Allen met Enid Meadows (1935-2018). They married on December 18, 1958 in Tallahassee, Florida, and had four children. Allen passed away on October 7, 2019.","This collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection.","View a selection of digitized materials from the George Allen Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives.","The George Allen collection contains materials documenting the professional and personal life of Florida attorney and civil rights activist W. George Allen, whose work led to the desegregation of the Broward County Schools in 1970. The materials in the collectino date from 1943 to 2013, with the bulk of the materials dating from 1970 to 2013.","Correspondence includes letters written to George Allen by personal and professional colleagues such as Muhammad Ali, Honorary Chairman of the Congressional Black Caucus Dinner, and William G. Crawford.","Professional papers consist of materials related to attorney George Allen and his career in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. The series includes copies of the City of Fort Lauderdale vs. Eula Johnson court case (1961-1962); an oral history interview transcript of George Allen by Joel Buchanan at the University of Florida; an interview of George Allen moderated by Dr. Tameka Hobbs at the African American Research Library and Cultural Center for the Culture Keepers series program; a speech entitled \"Realizing the dream: equity for all\" for the Broward County Bar Association; and research files and notes, particularly on transportation, ecology and pollution in Broward County from 1970 to 1971. ","Personal papers include items collected by George Allen. Materials include a Junior-Senior Promenade event pamphlet at Crooms High School, a miniature shovel souvenir from the African American Research Library and Cultural Center groundbreaking ceremony attended in 1999, a paper entitled \"The long hard fight for equal rights\" by Fort Lauderdale architect William G. Crawford, and University of Florida commencement programs from 2001 and 2003. The series is organized alphabetically by title.","The Photographs series contains images of George Allen and others. Photographs include George Allen with Eula Johnson, L.V. Davis, Bishop L. Williams, and Mother Francis at the Freeman Funeral Home in Pompano Beach, Florida (1963), George Allen with others at an event in 2009, George Allen with others at the White House (1975), George Allen recieving the Distinguised Alumnus Award from President Charles E. Young at a University of Florida commencement ceremony (2000), and unidentified baby photographs. The series is organized alphabetically by title.","The 1971 newspaper clipping from the Fort Lauderdale News entitled \"School transportation staff does bus routing revision\" explains the creation of new bus schedules for Broward County schools.","The Awards series contains proclamations, certificates, plaques and glass plaques awarded to George Allen for his professional and community service. George Allen recieved awards from organizations such as Broward County Bar Association, National Bar Association, Federal Bar Association, Florida A\u0026M University, United Way of Broward County, and University of Florida. He was honored with the Distinguished Alumnus Award from University of Florida in 2000. Proclamations and certificates include George Allen's appointment to the Board of Trustees at Florida A\u0026M University (2005), George Allen Appreciation Day (2013), Brown v. Board of Education in Broward County (2004), the keynote speaker for the Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Day in the City of Parkland (2004), and a named honored found for 2004 in a resolution from the City Commission of City of Fort Lauderdale.","George and Enid Allen donated two DVDs with this collection. The DVDs from this collection were cataloged in the Broward County Library catalog with the prefix \"ALN\".","AARLCC Special Collections","Allen, W. George, 1936-","English"],"unitid_tesim":["AARLCC.2013.4","/repositories/2/resources/248"],"normalized_date_ssm":["Circa 1949-2014"],"normalized_title_ssm":["George Allen Collection, Circa 1949-2014"],"collection_title_tesim":["George Allen Collection, Circa 1949-2014"],"collection_ssim":["George Allen Collection, Circa 1949-2014"],"repository_ssm":["AARLCC Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Fort Lauderdale (Fla.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Fort Lauderdale (Fla.)"],"places_ssim":["Fort Lauderdale (Fla.)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Enid Meadows Allen and W. George Allen donated the materials to AARLCC Special Collections on August 27, 2013 (Accession AARLCC-2013.4)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African American lawyers -- Florida -- Fort Lauderdale","Allen, W. George, 1936- -- Interviews","Transportation -- Florida -- Broward County","African Americans -- Civil Rights -- Florida -- Broward County -- History","University of Florida -- Alumni and alumnae","plaques (flat objects)","Photographs","Certificates","Correspondence","Clippings"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African American lawyers -- Florida -- Fort Lauderdale","Allen, W. George, 1936- -- Interviews","Transportation -- Florida -- Broward County","African Americans -- Civil Rights -- Florida -- Broward County -- History","University of Florida -- Alumni and alumnae","plaques (flat objects)","Photographs","Certificates","Correspondence","Clippings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["14 Hollinger Boxes"],"extent_tesim":["14 Hollinger Boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["plaques (flat objects)","Photographs","Certificates","Correspondence","Clippings"],"date_range_isim":[1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe George Allen Collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The George Allen Collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe George Allen Collection is arranged into seven series: Series I. Correspondence, Series II. Professional Papers, Series III. Personal Papers, Series IV. Photographs, Series V. Printed Materials, Series VI. Awards, and Series VII. Posters.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The George Allen Collection is arranged into seven series: Series I. Correspondence, Series II. Professional Papers, Series III. Personal Papers, Series IV. Photographs, Series V. Printed Materials, Series VI. Awards, and Series VII. Posters."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLawyer and civil rights activist Willie George Allen was born on March 3, 1936 in Sanford, Florida to parents Lessie Williams and Fletcher Allen. Allen was raised by his mother and stepfather, Bruce Brown. He graduated from Crooms High School in 1954. In 1958, Allen earned his Bachelor of Science degree in political science and minored in economics. After graduation, he served in the U.S. Army as a special agent in the Counter Intelligence Corps for two years. In 1960, he entered the University of Florida College of Law. During law school, Allen organized lunch counter sit-ins in Gainesville, Florida. In 1962, he earned his J.D. degree from the University of Florida Law School. He was the first African American to earn a law degree from a Florida institution. Allen was admitted to the Florida Bar Association in 1963 and the Bar of the United States Supreme Court in 1970.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter receiving his law degree, Allen moved with his family to Fort Lauderdale, Florida where he worked at the law firm of Orr \u0026amp; Kaplan for six months. He started his own law practice, thereafter, working there for forty-two years. He retired from practicing law in 2014.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1970, George Allen filed the lawsuit that led to the desegregation of Broward County's public schools and transportation accommodations. Previously, he had unsuccessfully tried to enroll his two sons, Frederick and Timothy, at Northside Elementary School. The case was initiated on their behalf on January 9, 1970 against the Board of Public Instruction and the School Superintendent of Broward County.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAllen was a member of organizations such as the Urban League of Broward County, the Florida Bar Association, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), and the Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc. He served as Broward County Bar Association's president from 1988 to 1989. In 2003, he was inducted into the National Bar Association's Hall of Fame. Additionally, Allen was appointed to Florida A\u0026amp;M University's Board of Trustees in 2005. He recieved the Distinguished Alumnus Award from the University of Florida in 2000.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring college at Florida A\u0026amp;M University, George Allen met Enid Meadows (1935-2018). They married on December 18, 1958 in Tallahassee, Florida, and had four children. Allen passed away on October 7, 2019.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Lawyer and civil rights activist Willie George Allen was born on March 3, 1936 in Sanford, Florida to parents Lessie Williams and Fletcher Allen. Allen was raised by his mother and stepfather, Bruce Brown. He graduated from Crooms High School in 1954. In 1958, Allen earned his Bachelor of Science degree in political science and minored in economics. After graduation, he served in the U.S. Army as a special agent in the Counter Intelligence Corps for two years. In 1960, he entered the University of Florida College of Law. During law school, Allen organized lunch counter sit-ins in Gainesville, Florida. In 1962, he earned his J.D. degree from the University of Florida Law School. He was the first African American to earn a law degree from a Florida institution. Allen was admitted to the Florida Bar Association in 1963 and the Bar of the United States Supreme Court in 1970.","After receiving his law degree, Allen moved with his family to Fort Lauderdale, Florida where he worked at the law firm of Orr \u0026 Kaplan for six months. He started his own law practice, thereafter, working there for forty-two years. He retired from practicing law in 2014.","In 1970, George Allen filed the lawsuit that led to the desegregation of Broward County's public schools and transportation accommodations. Previously, he had unsuccessfully tried to enroll his two sons, Frederick and Timothy, at Northside Elementary School. The case was initiated on their behalf on January 9, 1970 against the Board of Public Instruction and the School Superintendent of Broward County.","Allen was a member of organizations such as the Urban League of Broward County, the Florida Bar Association, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), and the Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc. He served as Broward County Bar Association's president from 1988 to 1989. In 2003, he was inducted into the National Bar Association's Hall of Fame. Additionally, Allen was appointed to Florida A\u0026M University's Board of Trustees in 2005. He recieved the Distinguished Alumnus Award from the University of Florida in 2000.","During college at Florida A\u0026M University, George Allen met Enid Meadows (1935-2018). They married on December 18, 1958 in Tallahassee, Florida, and had four children. Allen passed away on October 7, 2019."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Allen Collection (AARLCC-2013.4), AARLCC Special Collections, Broward County Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["George Allen Collection (AARLCC-2013.4), AARLCC Special Collections, Broward County Library."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://digitalarchives.broward.org/digital/collection/p16146coll43/search\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eView a selection of digitized materials from the George Allen Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Digital Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["View a selection of digitized materials from the George Allen Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe George Allen collection contains materials documenting the professional and personal life of Florida attorney and civil rights activist W. George Allen, whose work led to the desegregation of the Broward County Schools in 1970. The materials in the collectino date from 1943 to 2013, with the bulk of the materials dating from 1970 to 2013.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence includes letters written to George Allen by personal and professional colleagues such as Muhammad Ali, Honorary Chairman of the Congressional Black Caucus Dinner, and William G. Crawford.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eProfessional papers consist of materials related to attorney George Allen and his career in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. The series includes copies of the City of Fort Lauderdale vs. Eula Johnson court case (1961-1962); an oral history interview transcript of George Allen by Joel Buchanan at the University of Florida; an interview of George Allen moderated by Dr. Tameka Hobbs at the African American Research Library and Cultural Center for the Culture Keepers series program; a speech entitled \"Realizing the dream: equity for all\" for the Broward County Bar Association; and research files and notes, particularly on transportation, ecology and pollution in Broward County from 1970 to 1971. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePersonal papers include items collected by George Allen. Materials include a Junior-Senior Promenade event pamphlet at Crooms High School, a miniature shovel souvenir from the African American Research Library and Cultural Center groundbreaking ceremony attended in 1999, a paper entitled \"The long hard fight for equal rights\" by Fort Lauderdale architect William G. Crawford, and University of Florida commencement programs from 2001 and 2003. The series is organized alphabetically by title.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Photographs series contains images of George Allen and others. Photographs include George Allen with Eula Johnson, L.V. Davis, Bishop L. Williams, and Mother Francis at the Freeman Funeral Home in Pompano Beach, Florida (1963), George Allen with others at an event in 2009, George Allen with others at the White House (1975), George Allen recieving the Distinguised Alumnus Award from President Charles E. Young at a University of Florida commencement ceremony (2000), and unidentified baby photographs. The series is organized alphabetically by title.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe 1971 newspaper clipping from the Fort Lauderdale News entitled \"School transportation staff does bus routing revision\" explains the creation of new bus schedules for Broward County schools.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Awards series contains proclamations, certificates, plaques and glass plaques awarded to George Allen for his professional and community service. George Allen recieved awards from organizations such as Broward County Bar Association, National Bar Association, Federal Bar Association, Florida A\u0026amp;M University, United Way of Broward County, and University of Florida. He was honored with the Distinguished Alumnus Award from University of Florida in 2000. Proclamations and certificates include George Allen's appointment to the Board of Trustees at Florida A\u0026amp;M University (2005), George Allen Appreciation Day (2013), Brown v. Board of Education in Broward County (2004), the keynote speaker for the Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Day in the City of Parkland (2004), and a named honored found for 2004 in a resolution from the City Commission of City of Fort Lauderdale.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The George Allen collection contains materials documenting the professional and personal life of Florida attorney and civil rights activist W. George Allen, whose work led to the desegregation of the Broward County Schools in 1970. The materials in the collectino date from 1943 to 2013, with the bulk of the materials dating from 1970 to 2013.","Correspondence includes letters written to George Allen by personal and professional colleagues such as Muhammad Ali, Honorary Chairman of the Congressional Black Caucus Dinner, and William G. Crawford.","Professional papers consist of materials related to attorney George Allen and his career in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. The series includes copies of the City of Fort Lauderdale vs. Eula Johnson court case (1961-1962); an oral history interview transcript of George Allen by Joel Buchanan at the University of Florida; an interview of George Allen moderated by Dr. Tameka Hobbs at the African American Research Library and Cultural Center for the Culture Keepers series program; a speech entitled \"Realizing the dream: equity for all\" for the Broward County Bar Association; and research files and notes, particularly on transportation, ecology and pollution in Broward County from 1970 to 1971. ","Personal papers include items collected by George Allen. Materials include a Junior-Senior Promenade event pamphlet at Crooms High School, a miniature shovel souvenir from the African American Research Library and Cultural Center groundbreaking ceremony attended in 1999, a paper entitled \"The long hard fight for equal rights\" by Fort Lauderdale architect William G. Crawford, and University of Florida commencement programs from 2001 and 2003. The series is organized alphabetically by title.","The Photographs series contains images of George Allen and others. Photographs include George Allen with Eula Johnson, L.V. Davis, Bishop L. Williams, and Mother Francis at the Freeman Funeral Home in Pompano Beach, Florida (1963), George Allen with others at an event in 2009, George Allen with others at the White House (1975), George Allen recieving the Distinguised Alumnus Award from President Charles E. Young at a University of Florida commencement ceremony (2000), and unidentified baby photographs. The series is organized alphabetically by title.","The 1971 newspaper clipping from the Fort Lauderdale News entitled \"School transportation staff does bus routing revision\" explains the creation of new bus schedules for Broward County schools.","The Awards series contains proclamations, certificates, plaques and glass plaques awarded to George Allen for his professional and community service. George Allen recieved awards from organizations such as Broward County Bar Association, National Bar Association, Federal Bar Association, Florida A\u0026M University, United Way of Broward County, and University of Florida. He was honored with the Distinguished Alumnus Award from University of Florida in 2000. Proclamations and certificates include George Allen's appointment to the Board of Trustees at Florida A\u0026M University (2005), George Allen Appreciation Day (2013), Brown v. Board of Education in Broward County (2004), the keynote speaker for the Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Day in the City of Parkland (2004), and a named honored found for 2004 in a resolution from the City Commission of City of Fort Lauderdale."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://broward.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/results?qu=ALN\u0026amp;qf=LOCATION%09Shelf+Location%091%3AAF-SPC%09AARLCC+Special+Collections\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eGeorge and Enid Allen donated two DVDs with this collection. The DVDs from this collection were cataloged in the Broward County Library catalog with the prefix \"ALN\".\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["George and Enid Allen donated two DVDs with this collection. The DVDs from this collection were cataloged in the Broward County Library catalog with the prefix \"ALN\"."],"names_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections","Allen, W. George, 1936-"],"corpname_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections"],"names_coll_ssim":["Allen, W. George, 1936-"],"persname_ssim":["Allen, W. George, 1936-"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":81,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1876455806912692224,"_root_":"c40ea28f592b9375ab1a34ef","timestamp":"2026-09-16T03:01:48.923Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/c40ea28f592b9375ab1a34ef"}},{"id":"4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86_aspace_13b03a9454146ad524637648a750ee18","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"George E. Brown, Jr.: Misc., 1941-1985","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86_aspace_13b03a9454146ad524637648a750ee18#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eHandwritten notes; Conscientious Objector Report, 1941; National Service Board for Religious Objectors Questionnaire; Newspaper clippings; Assorted correspondence; Congressional Record, 10/14/1978, E-5671-E5672\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86_aspace_13b03a9454146ad524637648a750ee18#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_13b03a9454146ad524637648a750ee18","ref_ssm":["aspace_13b03a9454146ad524637648a750ee18","aspace_13b03a9454146ad524637648a750ee18"],"id":"4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86_aspace_13b03a9454146ad524637648a750ee18","title_filing_ssi":"George E. Brown, Jr.: Misc.","title_ssm":["George E. Brown, Jr.: Misc."],"title_tesim":["George E. Brown, Jr.: Misc."],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1941-1985"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1941-1985"],"normalized_title_ssm":["George E. Brown, Jr.: Misc., 1941-1985"],"text":["George E. Brown, Jr.: Misc., 1941-1985","Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection, 1871 - 2006","Interviews: Related Research, bulk 1941-1992","/repositories/2/archival_objects/78255","box 64","folder 3","Handwritten notes; Conscientious Objector Report, 1941; National Service Board for Religious Objectors Questionnaire; Newspaper clippings; Assorted correspondence; Congressional Record, 10/14/1978, E-5671-E5672"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86","4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86_aspace_455c4037173dcd3442145701b9671c90"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection, 1871 - 2006","Interviews: Related Research, bulk 1941-1992"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection, 1871 - 2006","Interviews: Related Research, bulk 1941-1992"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/2/archival_objects/78255"],"repository_ssim":["Florida Atlantic University Libraries"],"collection_ssim":["Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection, 1871 - 2006"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":666,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collections are available for supervised use in the Special Collections reading room during regular hours or by appointment. Users are required to complete a registration form and to comply with regulations governing use. Research assistance may be available but please email or phone first to set up an appointment.","Photocopies or electronic copies of material in the collections may be provided within copyright limits but may not be ready immediately. In addition, selected materials are digitized and available electronically through the Digital Library. See less"],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Materials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. Any subsequent use of a reproduction in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement. When using electronic copies or images, please keep in mind that copyright law applies. It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder. Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact Special Collections. See less See less"],"date_range_isim":[1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985],"containers_ssim":["box 64","folder 3"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHandwritten notes; Conscientious Objector Report, 1941; National Service Board for Religious Objectors Questionnaire; Newspaper clippings; Assorted correspondence; Congressional Record, 10/14/1978, E-5671-E5672\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Handwritten notes; Conscientious Objector Report, 1941; National Service Board for Religious Objectors Questionnaire; Newspaper clippings; Assorted correspondence; Congressional Record, 10/14/1978, E-5671-E5672"],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#2","_nest_parent_":"4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86_aspace_455c4037173dcd3442145701b9671c90","_root_":"4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86","timestamp":"2026-07-11T02:01:13.886Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86","title_ssm":["Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection"],"title_tesim":["Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection"],"ead_ssi":"4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86","unitdate_ssm":["1871 - 2006"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1871 - 2006"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["UAFP0012","/repositories/2/resources/203"],"text":["UAFP0012","/repositories/2/resources/203","Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection, 1871 - 2006","United States","World War, 1939-1945","University Archives","University Archives -- Faculty Papers"," Civilian Public Service -- History","World War, 1939-1945 -- Conscientious objectors -- United States","Oral history","Collections are available for supervised use in the Special Collections reading room during regular hours or by appointment. Users are required to complete a registration form and to comply with regulations governing use. Research assistance may be available but please email or phone first to set up an appointment.","Photocopies or electronic copies of material in the collections may be provided within copyright limits but may not be ready immediately. In addition, selected materials are digitized and available electronically through the Digital Library. See less","The Frazer-O'Sullivan Collection contains the research for the co- authored book, We Have Just Begun to Not Fight: An Oral History of Conscientious Objectors in the Civilian Public Service During World War II, by Heather Frazer and John O'Sullivan. More than 40,000 American men refused to fight during World War II. Citing principled opposition, they declared themselves conscientious objectors. Rejecting combat duty, nearly 12,000 men entered Civilian Public Service (CPS) with the intent to perform \"work of national importance\" as an alternative to combat duty. The CPS program was set up by members of the historic peace churches (Mennonites, Brethren, and Quakers) and participated in by pacifists from other churches, of no specific religious persuasion, and, in the case of a few, no persuasion except not to fight in that particular war. CPS men worked as aides in mental hospitals, volunteered as smoke jumpers in forest fires, and participated in grueling medical and scientific experiments.  Frazer and O'Sullivan use the oral histories of 15 CPS men and two of their wives to illuminate their experience during World War II. ","Heather T. Frazer (1940 – 2016) was a professor of history at Florida Atlantic University. In 1971, she became the first female faculty member in the FAU history department where she taught for 35 years before retiring in 2006. During her tenure, she served as Department Chair and Director of Graduate Studies. She also pioneered the study of women's history at FAU, helping establish the Women's Studies program, which is now the Center for Women, Gender and Sexuality Studies. Dr. Frazer taught courses in women's history, modern Britain and British Empire, Indian history, and oral history.","John O'Sullivan (1939-2000) was a professor of history at Florida Atlantic University. In 1971, he came to Florida Atlantic University where he served as chair of the History Department (1975-1978) and devoted his entire academic career. Dr. O'Sullivan received numerous research fellowships including the American Philosophical Society, the American Historical Association, and the Sloan Foundation. His areas of specialization were World War II, Vietnam War, Nuclear Age, the Holocaust, Peace History, Oral History and Modern American Political and Diplomatic Affairs.","Materials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. Any subsequent use of a reproduction in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement. When using electronic copies or images, please keep in mind that copyright law applies. It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder. Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact Special Collections. See less See less","Florida Atlantic University Libraries","English"],"unitid_tesim":["UAFP0012","/repositories/2/resources/203"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1871 - 2006"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection, 1871 - 2006"],"collection_title_tesim":["Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection, 1871 - 2006"],"collection_ssim":["Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection, 1871 - 2006"],"repository_ssm":["Florida Atlantic University Libraries"],"repository_ssim":["Florida Atlantic University Libraries"],"geogname_ssm":["United States"],"geogname_ssim":["United States"],"places_ssim":["United States"],"access_terms_ssm":["Materials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. Any subsequent use of a reproduction in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement. When using electronic copies or images, please keep in mind that copyright law applies. It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder. Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact Special Collections. See less See less"],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1939-1945","University Archives","University Archives -- Faculty Papers"," Civilian Public Service -- History","World War, 1939-1945 -- Conscientious objectors -- United States","Oral history"],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1939-1945","University Archives","University Archives -- Faculty Papers"," Civilian Public Service -- History","World War, 1939-1945 -- Conscientious objectors -- United States","Oral history"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["67 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["67 boxes"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollections are available for supervised use in the Special Collections reading room during regular hours or by appointment. Users are required to complete a registration form and to comply with regulations governing use. Research assistance may be available but please email or phone first to set up an appointment.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePhotocopies or electronic copies of material in the collections may be provided within copyright limits but may not be ready immediately. In addition, selected materials are digitized and available electronically through the Digital Library. See less\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collections are available for supervised use in the Special Collections reading room during regular hours or by appointment. Users are required to complete a registration form and to comply with regulations governing use. Research assistance may be available but please email or phone first to set up an appointment.","Photocopies or electronic copies of material in the collections may be provided within copyright limits but may not be ready immediately. In addition, selected materials are digitized and available electronically through the Digital Library. See less"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Frazer-O'Sullivan Collection contains the research for the co- authored book, We Have Just Begun to Not Fight: An Oral History of Conscientious Objectors in the Civilian Public Service During World War II, by Heather Frazer and John O'Sullivan. More than 40,000 American men refused to fight during World War II. Citing principled opposition, they declared themselves conscientious objectors. Rejecting combat duty, nearly 12,000 men entered Civilian Public Service (CPS) with the intent to perform \"work of national importance\" as an alternative to combat duty. The CPS program was set up by members of the historic peace churches (Mennonites, Brethren, and Quakers) and participated in by pacifists from other churches, of no specific religious persuasion, and, in the case of a few, no persuasion except not to fight in that particular war. CPS men worked as aides in mental hospitals, volunteered as smoke jumpers in forest fires, and participated in grueling medical and scientific experiments.  Frazer and O'Sullivan use the oral histories of 15 CPS men and two of their wives to illuminate their experience during World War II. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHeather T. Frazer (1940 \u0026#x2013; 2016) was a professor of history at Florida Atlantic University. In 1971, she became the first female faculty member in the FAU history department where she taught for 35 years before retiring in 2006. During her tenure, she served as Department Chair and Director of Graduate Studies. She also pioneered the study of women's history at FAU, helping establish the Women's Studies program, which is now the Center for Women, Gender and Sexuality Studies. Dr. Frazer taught courses in women's history, modern Britain and British Empire, Indian history, and oral history.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJohn O'Sullivan (1939-2000) was a professor of history at Florida Atlantic University. In 1971, he came to Florida Atlantic University where he served as chair of the History Department (1975-1978) and devoted his entire academic career. Dr. O'Sullivan received numerous research fellowships including the American Philosophical Society, the American Historical Association, and the Sloan Foundation. His areas of specialization were World War II, Vietnam War, Nuclear Age, the Holocaust, Peace History, Oral History and Modern American Political and Diplomatic Affairs.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Frazer-O'Sullivan Collection contains the research for the co- authored book, We Have Just Begun to Not Fight: An Oral History of Conscientious Objectors in the Civilian Public Service During World War II, by Heather Frazer and John O'Sullivan. More than 40,000 American men refused to fight during World War II. Citing principled opposition, they declared themselves conscientious objectors. Rejecting combat duty, nearly 12,000 men entered Civilian Public Service (CPS) with the intent to perform \"work of national importance\" as an alternative to combat duty. The CPS program was set up by members of the historic peace churches (Mennonites, Brethren, and Quakers) and participated in by pacifists from other churches, of no specific religious persuasion, and, in the case of a few, no persuasion except not to fight in that particular war. CPS men worked as aides in mental hospitals, volunteered as smoke jumpers in forest fires, and participated in grueling medical and scientific experiments.  Frazer and O'Sullivan use the oral histories of 15 CPS men and two of their wives to illuminate their experience during World War II. ","Heather T. Frazer (1940 – 2016) was a professor of history at Florida Atlantic University. In 1971, she became the first female faculty member in the FAU history department where she taught for 35 years before retiring in 2006. During her tenure, she served as Department Chair and Director of Graduate Studies. She also pioneered the study of women's history at FAU, helping establish the Women's Studies program, which is now the Center for Women, Gender and Sexuality Studies. Dr. Frazer taught courses in women's history, modern Britain and British Empire, Indian history, and oral history.","John O'Sullivan (1939-2000) was a professor of history at Florida Atlantic University. In 1971, he came to Florida Atlantic University where he served as chair of the History Department (1975-1978) and devoted his entire academic career. Dr. O'Sullivan received numerous research fellowships including the American Philosophical Society, the American Historical Association, and the Sloan Foundation. 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Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact Special Collections. See less See less\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. 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