{"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1981\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026page=219","prev":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1981\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026page=218","next":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1981\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026page=220","last":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1981\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026page=324"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":219,"next_page":220,"prev_page":218,"total_pages":324,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":2180,"total_count":3238,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_52382","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Notes and News Clippings, 1934-1982","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_52382#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_52382","ref_ssm":["aspace_52382","aspace_52382"],"id":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_52382","title_filing_ssi":"Notes and News Clippings","title_ssm":["Notes and News Clippings"],"title_tesim":["Notes and News Clippings"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1934-1982"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1934-1982"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Notes and News Clippings, 1934-1982"],"text":["Notes and News Clippings, 1934-1982","Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014","Mulford and Racine Foster Files, 1910-1991","Plant Information, 1932-1990.","Folder 2","/repositories/4/archival_objects/32518","box 257","folder 2"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_51261","4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_52339"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014","Mulford and Racine Foster Files, 1910-1991","Plant Information, 1932-1990."],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014","Mulford and Racine Foster Files, 1910-1991","Plant Information, 1932-1990."],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Subseries"],"unitid_ssm":["Folder 2","/repositories/4/archival_objects/32518"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":1031,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The entire collection is open for research except for the following:\n\n  Boxes 180-181: Personal correspondence\n  Boxes 213-214: Manuscript of \"Brazil: Orchid of the Tropics\"\n"],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder."],"date_range_isim":[1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982],"containers_ssim":["box 257","folder 2"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#12/components#7","_nest_parent_":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_52339","_root_":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","timestamp":"2026-07-11T02:53:59.490Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","title_ssm":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection"],"title_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection"],"ead_ssi":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","unitdate_ssm":["1754-2014"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1754-2014"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 068","/repositories/4/resources/148"],"text":["SC 068","/repositories/4/resources/148","Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014","Marineland (Fla.)","Botany","Botany -- Brazil","Bromeliaceae","Bromelin","Cooking (Pineapples)","Pineapple","Plant hybridization","botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)","The entire collection is open for research except for the following:\n Boxes 180-181: Personal correspondence Boxes 213-214: Manuscript of \"Brazil: Orchid of the Tropics\"","The collection is divided into eight series by type of file.","Michael A. Spencer was born in Orlando and grew up in Winter Garden, Florida. He worked at Sand Hill Nursery near Lake Avalon and the Land of Bromeliads in Gotha before finding employment with Julian Nally. After the Nally estate was sold, Spencer worked for Racine Foster at Bromel-La. He graduated from UCF in 1990 summa cum laude with a BA in Liberal Studies and then found employment with Lyman B. Smith at the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History. Michael Spencer named a genus of bromeliads \"Racinaea\" in honor of Racine Foster. While engaged in his research, Spencer amassed this collection of materials concerning bromeliads and their collectors. He now lives in Frederick, Maryland where he has served on the Historic Preservation Commission since 2004.","Materials were rehoused in pH neutral folders and cartons. Photographs, negatives and slides were enclosed in polyester sleeves. Many of the materials were well organized and the arrangement was retained. The remainder were arranged by following the original arrangement as far as possible. Notes on folders were retained in the new folder. Paper clips were replaced with plastic clips or materials that belonged together were held together in a pH neutral paper sleeve. Loose-leaf notebooks that were badly rusted were discarded and the contents placed in folders. Items loose in the back of notebooks were foldered separately and marked accordingly. Notes from a film canister were written exactly as found as the label could not be removed. Albums falling apart were taken apart and foldered. Albums in reasonable condition had the photographs attached properly with corners and the pages interleaved to prevent sticking. Loose album pages in the Foster subseries on Plant Information were merely foldered as they were not in an album and were found without context. Collecion rehoused and finding aid revised by Chynna Thomas in 2023.","A large book collection accompanies this collection and may be accessed by performing a series search \"Michael A. Spencer Collection\" in the UCF Library  Online Catalog .  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Julian Nally ,  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Theodore Mead ,  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Henry Nehrling  and the  Henry Nehrling Papers  are also available in Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries. Some paintings by Mulford Foster are held at the  Harry P. Leu Gardens . The  Henry Nehrling Collection  and the  Theodore L. Mead Collection  are held at Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida. Lyman Smith's Papers are held at the  Smithsonian Institution Archives .","Series I: Mulford and Racine Foster Files, 1910-1991 documents the work of these two individuals in discovering and propagating bromeliads. Correspondence, publications, notebooks, drawings, research materials, memorabilia and photographs show all aspects of their work including plant collecting, landscape designing and publishing. Photographs may be black and white or color prints, negatives or slides. Additional materials about the Fosters may be found in Series II and III.","\nSeries II: Subject Files, 1880-2003 contains catalogues, journals, photographs, memorabilia and correspondence that Michael Spencer brought together under his chosen subject headings and arranged alphabetically. Many of the materials in this series originally came from Mulford and Racine Foster, which means that there is some overlap with the previous series. Spencer's own collecting interest lay in documenting the importance of bromeliads in society, and he collected many common items that showed bromeliads, especially pineapples.","\nSeries III: Author Files, 1754-1997 includes a variety of media used for research, such as articles, books, magazines, newspaper clippings, and photographs. There are a significant number of materials authored by Mulford and Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith, including original manuscripts.","\nSeries IV: Plants by Family Files, 1908-1990 contains alphabetical files on plant families, which include newspaper clippings, books and other research materials.","\nSeries V: Natural History Files, 1853-1997 holds alphabetical files on a wide range of natural history topics including plant societies, authors, drugs and diseases. The files contain published materials, photocopies, web resources, plant and geological samples that document's Michael's Spencer's considerable research interests.","\nSeries VI: Medicinal Files, 1988-1996 contains alphabetical files on diseases and therapies. Not all these files relate to plants though many of them concern natural therapies.","\nSeries VII: Lyman Smith Files: 1905-1994 holds alphabetical files that belonged to Lyman B. Smith. His notebooks, manscripts, teaching materials and correspondence may all be found here.","\nSeries VIII: Personal Files, 1863-2014 contains alphabetical files showing Spencer's interest in collecting books and his wide interests. Materials that do not clearly belong in the other series may be found here.","Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder.","Michael A. Spencer assembled this collection of publications, photographs, drawings, correspondence programs and other materials focusing on the discovery, taxonomy and cultivation of bromeliads. Mulford B. Foster, Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith are among the significant bromeliad collectors whose work is documented here.","UCF Special Collections","Bromeliad Society","Spencer, Michael A.","Smith, Lyman B.","Foster, Mulford B. (Mulford Bateman), 1888-1978","Foster, Racine, 1910-1991","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 068","/repositories/4/resources/148"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1754-2014"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014"],"collection_title_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014"],"collection_ssim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Marineland (Fla.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Marineland (Fla.)"],"creator_ssm":["Spencer, Michael A."],"creator_ssim":["Spencer, Michael A."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Spencer, Michael A."],"creators_ssim":["Spencer, Michael A."],"places_ssim":["Marineland (Fla.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Some of these materials were donated to and others were purchased by the University of Central Florida Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives from Michael A. Spencer in 2006 (CFM2006_09), 2011 (CFM2011_02), 2012 (CFM2012_10), and 2014 (CFM2014_01)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Botany","Botany -- Brazil","Bromeliaceae","Bromelin","Cooking (Pineapples)","Pineapple","Plant hybridization","botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Botany","Botany -- Brazil","Bromeliaceae","Bromelin","Cooking (Pineapples)","Pineapple","Plant hybridization","botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["130 Linear Feet 259 boxes, 2 flat files"],"extent_tesim":["130 Linear Feet 259 boxes, 2 flat files"],"genreform_ssim":["botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)"],"date_range_isim":[1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research except for the following:\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eBoxes 180-181: Personal correspondence\u003c/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eBoxes 213-214: Manuscript of \"Brazil: Orchid of the Tropics\"\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research except for the following:\n Boxes 180-181: Personal correspondence Boxes 213-214: Manuscript of \"Brazil: Orchid of the Tropics\""],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into eight series by type of file.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into eight series by type of file."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMichael A. Spencer was born in Orlando and grew up in Winter Garden, Florida. He worked at Sand Hill Nursery near Lake Avalon and the Land of Bromeliads in Gotha before finding employment with Julian Nally. After the Nally estate was sold, Spencer worked for Racine Foster at Bromel-La. He graduated from UCF in 1990 summa cum laude with a BA in Liberal Studies and then found employment with Lyman B. Smith at the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History. Michael Spencer named a genus of bromeliads \"Racinaea\" in honor of Racine Foster. While engaged in his research, Spencer amassed this collection of materials concerning bromeliads and their collectors. He now lives in Frederick, Maryland where he has served on the Historic Preservation Commission since 2004.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer was born in Orlando and grew up in Winter Garden, Florida. He worked at Sand Hill Nursery near Lake Avalon and the Land of Bromeliads in Gotha before finding employment with Julian Nally. After the Nally estate was sold, Spencer worked for Racine Foster at Bromel-La. He graduated from UCF in 1990 summa cum laude with a BA in Liberal Studies and then found employment with Lyman B. Smith at the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History. Michael Spencer named a genus of bromeliads \"Racinaea\" in honor of Racine Foster. While engaged in his research, Spencer amassed this collection of materials concerning bromeliads and their collectors. He now lives in Frederick, Maryland where he has served on the Historic Preservation Commission since 2004."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMichael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials were rehoused in pH neutral folders and cartons. Photographs, negatives and slides were enclosed in polyester sleeves. Many of the materials were well organized and the arrangement was retained. The remainder were arranged by following the original arrangement as far as possible. Notes on folders were retained in the new folder. Paper clips were replaced with plastic clips or materials that belonged together were held together in a pH neutral paper sleeve. Loose-leaf notebooks that were badly rusted were discarded and the contents placed in folders. Items loose in the back of notebooks were foldered separately and marked accordingly. Notes from a film canister were written exactly as found as the label could not be removed. Albums falling apart were taken apart and foldered. Albums in reasonable condition had the photographs attached properly with corners and the pages interleaved to prevent sticking. Loose album pages in the Foster subseries on Plant Information were merely foldered as they were not in an album and were found without context. Collecion rehoused and finding aid revised by Chynna Thomas in 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Materials were rehoused in pH neutral folders and cartons. Photographs, negatives and slides were enclosed in polyester sleeves. Many of the materials were well organized and the arrangement was retained. The remainder were arranged by following the original arrangement as far as possible. Notes on folders were retained in the new folder. Paper clips were replaced with plastic clips or materials that belonged together were held together in a pH neutral paper sleeve. Loose-leaf notebooks that were badly rusted were discarded and the contents placed in folders. Items loose in the back of notebooks were foldered separately and marked accordingly. Notes from a film canister were written exactly as found as the label could not be removed. Albums falling apart were taken apart and foldered. Albums in reasonable condition had the photographs attached properly with corners and the pages interleaved to prevent sticking. Loose album pages in the Foster subseries on Plant Information were merely foldered as they were not in an album and were found without context. Collecion rehoused and finding aid revised by Chynna Thomas in 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA large book collection accompanies this collection and may be accessed by performing a series search \"Michael A. Spencer Collection\" in the UCF Library \u003cextref href=\"https://library.ucf.edu\"\u003eOnline Catalog\u003c/extref\u003e. \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2006-08c\"\u003eMichael A. Spencer Collection on Julian Nally\u003c/extref\u003e, \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2006-08b\"\u003eMichael A. Spencer Collection on Theodore Mead\u003c/extref\u003e, \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2006-08a\"\u003eMichael A. Spencer Collection on Henry Nehrling\u003c/extref\u003e and the \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM1999-03\"\u003eHenry Nehrling Papers\u003c/extref\u003e are also available in Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries. Some paintings by Mulford Foster are held at the \u003cextref href=\"http://www.leugardens.org/\"\u003eHarry P. Leu Gardens\u003c/extref\u003e. The \u003cextref href=\"https://aspace.rollins.edu/repositories/2/resources/4\"\u003eHenry Nehrling Collection\u003c/extref\u003e and the \u003cextref href=\"https://aspace.rollins.edu/repositories/2/resources/97\"\u003eTheodore L. Mead Collection\u003c/extref\u003e are held at Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida. Lyman Smith's Papers are held at the \u003cextref href=\"http://siarchives.si.edu/\"\u003eSmithsonian Institution Archives\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["A large book collection accompanies this collection and may be accessed by performing a series search \"Michael A. Spencer Collection\" in the UCF Library  Online Catalog .  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Julian Nally ,  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Theodore Mead ,  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Henry Nehrling  and the  Henry Nehrling Papers  are also available in Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries. Some paintings by Mulford Foster are held at the  Harry P. Leu Gardens . The  Henry Nehrling Collection  and the  Theodore L. Mead Collection  are held at Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida. Lyman Smith's Papers are held at the  Smithsonian Institution Archives ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Mulford and Racine Foster Files, 1910-1991 documents the work of these two individuals in discovering and propagating bromeliads. Correspondence, publications, notebooks, drawings, research materials, memorabilia and photographs show all aspects of their work including plant collecting, landscape designing and publishing. Photographs may be black and white or color prints, negatives or slides. Additional materials about the Fosters may be found in Series II and III.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries II: Subject Files, 1880-2003 contains catalogues, journals, photographs, memorabilia and correspondence that Michael Spencer brought together under his chosen subject headings and arranged alphabetically. Many of the materials in this series originally came from Mulford and Racine Foster, which means that there is some overlap with the previous series. Spencer's own collecting interest lay in documenting the importance of bromeliads in society, and he collected many common items that showed bromeliads, especially pineapples.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries III: Author Files, 1754-1997 includes a variety of media used for research, such as articles, books, magazines, newspaper clippings, and photographs. There are a significant number of materials authored by Mulford and Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith, including original manuscripts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries IV: Plants by Family Files, 1908-1990 contains alphabetical files on plant families, which include newspaper clippings, books and other research materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries V: Natural History Files, 1853-1997 holds alphabetical files on a wide range of natural history topics including plant societies, authors, drugs and diseases. The files contain published materials, photocopies, web resources, plant and geological samples that document's Michael's Spencer's considerable research interests.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VI: Medicinal Files, 1988-1996 contains alphabetical files on diseases and therapies. Not all these files relate to plants though many of them concern natural therapies.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VII: Lyman Smith Files: 1905-1994 holds alphabetical files that belonged to Lyman B. Smith. His notebooks, manscripts, teaching materials and correspondence may all be found here.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VIII: Personal Files, 1863-2014 contains alphabetical files showing Spencer's interest in collecting books and his wide interests. Materials that do not clearly belong in the other series may be found here.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Series I: Mulford and Racine Foster Files, 1910-1991 documents the work of these two individuals in discovering and propagating bromeliads. Correspondence, publications, notebooks, drawings, research materials, memorabilia and photographs show all aspects of their work including plant collecting, landscape designing and publishing. Photographs may be black and white or color prints, negatives or slides. Additional materials about the Fosters may be found in Series II and III.","\nSeries II: Subject Files, 1880-2003 contains catalogues, journals, photographs, memorabilia and correspondence that Michael Spencer brought together under his chosen subject headings and arranged alphabetically. Many of the materials in this series originally came from Mulford and Racine Foster, which means that there is some overlap with the previous series. Spencer's own collecting interest lay in documenting the importance of bromeliads in society, and he collected many common items that showed bromeliads, especially pineapples.","\nSeries III: Author Files, 1754-1997 includes a variety of media used for research, such as articles, books, magazines, newspaper clippings, and photographs. There are a significant number of materials authored by Mulford and Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith, including original manuscripts.","\nSeries IV: Plants by Family Files, 1908-1990 contains alphabetical files on plant families, which include newspaper clippings, books and other research materials.","\nSeries V: Natural History Files, 1853-1997 holds alphabetical files on a wide range of natural history topics including plant societies, authors, drugs and diseases. The files contain published materials, photocopies, web resources, plant and geological samples that document's Michael's Spencer's considerable research interests.","\nSeries VI: Medicinal Files, 1988-1996 contains alphabetical files on diseases and therapies. Not all these files relate to plants though many of them concern natural therapies.","\nSeries VII: Lyman Smith Files: 1905-1994 holds alphabetical files that belonged to Lyman B. Smith. His notebooks, manscripts, teaching materials and correspondence may all be found here.","\nSeries VIII: Personal Files, 1863-2014 contains alphabetical files showing Spencer's interest in collecting books and his wide interests. Materials that do not clearly belong in the other series may be found here."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Copyright Statement"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_8e33310d6b1a70e4d88f1e2d3043cf71\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eMichael A. Spencer assembled this collection of publications, photographs, drawings, correspondence programs and other materials focusing on the discovery, taxonomy and cultivation of bromeliads. Mulford B. Foster, Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith are among the significant bromeliad collectors whose work is documented here.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer assembled this collection of publications, photographs, drawings, correspondence programs and other materials focusing on the discovery, taxonomy and cultivation of bromeliads. Mulford B. Foster, Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith are among the significant bromeliad collectors whose work is documented here."],"names_coll_ssim":["Bromeliad Society","Smith, Lyman B.","Foster, Mulford B. (Mulford Bateman), 1888-1978","Foster, Racine, 1910-1991"],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Bromeliad Society","Spencer, Michael A.","Smith, Lyman B.","Foster, Mulford B. (Mulford Bateman), 1888-1978","Foster, Racine, 1910-1991"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Bromeliad Society"],"persname_ssim":["Spencer, Michael A.","Smith, Lyman B.","Foster, Mulford B. (Mulford Bateman), 1888-1978","Foster, Racine, 1910-1991"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3662,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","timestamp":"2026-07-11T02:53:59.490Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_52382"}},{"id":"63f85ee1ad3b0ea5b7bd3ffa_aspace_f356f443136233a67f8b80ad5f2007b5","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Notes on programming, Circa 1980-1981","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/63f85ee1ad3b0ea5b7bd3ffa_aspace_f356f443136233a67f8b80ad5f2007b5#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_f356f443136233a67f8b80ad5f2007b5","ref_ssm":["aspace_f356f443136233a67f8b80ad5f2007b5","aspace_f356f443136233a67f8b80ad5f2007b5"],"id":"63f85ee1ad3b0ea5b7bd3ffa_aspace_f356f443136233a67f8b80ad5f2007b5","title_filing_ssi":"Notes on programming","title_ssm":["Notes on programming"],"title_tesim":["Notes on programming"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Circa 1980-1981"],"normalized_date_ssm":["Circa 1980-1981"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Notes on programming, Circa 1980-1981"],"text":["Notes on programming, Circa 1980-1981","Library-In-Action Collection, Circa 1969-2002","Administrative Files, 1973-2001","/repositories/2/archival_objects/18576","box 12","folder 14"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["63f85ee1ad3b0ea5b7bd3ffa","63f85ee1ad3b0ea5b7bd3ffa_aspace_8d736f7dd99094f8315e71c74c4e6c63"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Library-In-Action Collection, Circa 1969-2002","Administrative Files, 1973-2001"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Library-In-Action Collection, Circa 1969-2002","Administrative Files, 1973-2001"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/2/archival_objects/18576"],"repository_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Library-In-Action Collection, Circa 1969-2002"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":157,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The Library-In-Action Collection is open for research."],"date_range_isim":[1980,1981],"containers_ssim":["box 12","folder 14"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#116","_nest_parent_":"63f85ee1ad3b0ea5b7bd3ffa_aspace_8d736f7dd99094f8315e71c74c4e6c63","_root_":"63f85ee1ad3b0ea5b7bd3ffa","_version_":1876455833356730368,"timestamp":"2026-09-16T03:02:14.138Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"63f85ee1ad3b0ea5b7bd3ffa","title_filing_ssi":"Library-In-Action Collection","title_ssm":["Library-In-Action Collection"],"title_tesim":["Library-In-Action Collection"],"ead_ssi":"63f85ee1ad3b0ea5b7bd3ffa","unitdate_ssm":["Circa 1969-2002"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Circa 1969-2002"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["File","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["AARLCC.2024.4","/repositories/2/resources/356"],"text":["AARLCC.2024.4","/repositories/2/resources/356","Library-In-Action Collection, Circa 1969-2002","Fort Lauderdale (Fla.)","Broward County (Fla.)","Libraries and Black people","Public libraries -- Florida -- Broward County","Literacy","Subsidies","Correspondence","minutes (administrative records)","Photographs","slides (photographs)","Clippings","Proclamations","plaques (flat objects)","Certificates","The Library-In-Action Collection is open for research.","View a selection of digitized materials from the Library-In-Action Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives.","The collection is arranged into 11 series: Series I. Correspondence, Series II. Administrative Files, Series III. Photographs and Slides, Series IV. Programming, Series V. Printed Materials, Series VI. Sistrunk Historical Festival, Series VII. Awards and Proclamations, Series VIII. Objects, Series IX. Langston Hughes Library and Tyrone Bryant Papers, Series X. Art XI. Audio-Visual Materials.","Broward County Library created the Library-in-Action (LIA) initiative to address educational needs and increase access to libraries in historically underserved, primarily minority communities in Broward County. It started in 1975 as the Broward County Library \"Project for the Economically Disadvantaged\" but soon became internationally known as Library-in-Action Project. The project ran until 2002.","The Von D. Mizell Library in the historic Sistrunk neighborhood, which became part of the Broward County Library system in 1974, was the headquarters of Library-In-Action. As a result of LIA-authored grant funding, four additional libraries were opened: Dania Beach Library (Feb. 5, 1979), Collier City Library (1980), Rock Island Library (1980), and Carver Ranches Library (1982). Also in 1980, the Von D. Mizell Library moved to a new building with a larger collection. These five libraries provided youth and adults with free access to books, literacy classes, and tutoring services. They also created tailor-made services and programs based on community input.","Broward County Library's Assistant Director, Samuel Morrison, hired an administrative team to oversee the LIA program: Tyrone Bryant (Director), Janet Hansen (Assistant Director), and Tanya Simons-Oparah (Outreach Services Coordinator). The LIA team earned millions of dollars in grants, trained librarians and staff, and conducted programming. ","From 1977 to 1980, Library-In-Action staff canvassed neighborhoods and offered library resources to the Collier City community before the Collier City Library was built. The LIA's Homework Assistance program bussed children from elementary schools to the Collier City Library, where they received help with their homework and school projects, graduating more than 200 students in its early years. ","The LIA project also involved a Bookmobile and a Footmobile service - where staff went door-to-door promoting libraries and delivering books. Other notable programs included speakers such as Alex Haley (author of \"Roots\") in 1980, Elton Fox, and Tom Feelings. The Black Heritage program educated children on Africa, and an African hut was constructed in the Von D. Mizell Library as part of the programming.","LIA Director Tyrone Bryant coined the name \"Library-In-Action\". Tyrone Bryant (1942-1988) was a graduate of Florida Agriculture and Mechanical University. Prior to his directorship at the Langston Hughes Library he was the director of the Committee for the Corona-East Elmhurst Community Corp, where he began working in 1967. The Committee's activism ultimately formed the Langston Hughes Cultural Center and Library in the Corona neighborhood in New York City. Tyrone Bryant became the first Director of the Langston Hughes Library which opened April 26, 1969 and served the needs of inner-city residents. Bryant moved to Fort Lauderdale in 1975 to become the LIA Director. The many programs conducted during the BCL LIA project originated from Tyrone Byrant's experience with programs at the Langston Hughes Library, such as the Homework Assistance Program. In 1983 Bryant was named Assistant Director of the Broward County Library system in charge of Special Services while also retaining his position as Project Director of LIA. Bryant also served as the chairman of the Sistrunk Historical Festival from 1983 until 1988. He married Claudia Wright in 1986. Tyrone Bryant died on February 24, 1988 at age 45. The Rock Island Library was rededicated in his honor on April 20, 1988 as the Tyrone Bryant Library Branch.","The 1980 Sistrunk Historical Festival saw the dedication of the Von D. Mizell Center which housed the Von D. Mizell Branch Library.","The LIA program collaborated with the City of Fort Lauderdale to create the Sistrunk Historical Festival in 1979, celebrating the county's black pioneers. The festival began as a two-day event to initiate economic redevelopment and held programming on African American culture, and under Bryant's chairmanship grew to a month-long event drawing over 100,000 people by 1988.","This collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection.","Von D. Mizell Library Collection","The Library-In-Action Collection documents the Library-In-Action initiative started by the Broward County Library in 1975 to address literacy and access in underserved communities. The collection also documents the career of Tyrone Bryant from his tenure at the Langston Hughes Library through his directorship at Library-In-Action, as well as the Sistrunk Historical Festival.","Materials in the collection consist of correspondence, budgets, meeting minutes, staff files, grants, reports, photographs, slides, programs, newspaper clippings, newsletters, press releases, certificates, proclamations, audio-visual materials, and objects.","AARLCC Special Collections","Broward County Library","Langston Hughes Community Library and Cultural Center. Queens Public Library (Corona, N.Y.)","Bryant, Tyrone, 1942-1988","English"],"unitid_tesim":["AARLCC.2024.4","/repositories/2/resources/356"],"normalized_date_ssm":["Circa 1969-2002"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Library-In-Action Collection, Circa 1969-2002"],"collection_title_tesim":["Library-In-Action Collection, Circa 1969-2002"],"collection_ssim":["Library-In-Action Collection, Circa 1969-2002"],"repository_ssm":["AARLCC Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Fort Lauderdale (Fla.)","Broward County (Fla.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Fort Lauderdale (Fla.)","Broward County (Fla.)"],"places_ssim":["Fort Lauderdale (Fla.)","Broward County (Fla.)"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Libraries and Black people","Public libraries -- Florida -- Broward County","Literacy","Subsidies","Correspondence","minutes (administrative records)","Photographs","slides (photographs)","Clippings","Proclamations","plaques (flat objects)","Certificates"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Libraries and Black people","Public libraries -- Florida -- Broward County","Literacy","Subsidies","Correspondence","minutes (administrative records)","Photographs","slides (photographs)","Clippings","Proclamations","plaques (flat objects)","Certificates"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["45 Hollinger Boxes","24.75 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["45 Hollinger Boxes","24.75 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","minutes (administrative records)","Photographs","slides (photographs)","Clippings","Proclamations","plaques (flat objects)","Certificates"],"date_range_isim":[1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Library-In-Action Collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The Library-In-Action Collection is open for research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://digitalarchives.broward.org/digital/collection/libinaction/search\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eView a selection of digitized materials from the Library-In-Action Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Digitized Materials"],"altformavail_tesim":["View a selection of digitized materials from the Library-In-Action Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into 11 series: Series I. Correspondence, Series II. Administrative Files, Series III. Photographs and Slides, Series IV. Programming, Series V. Printed Materials, Series VI. Sistrunk Historical Festival, Series VII. Awards and Proclamations, Series VIII. Objects, Series IX. Langston Hughes Library and Tyrone Bryant Papers, Series X. Art XI. Audio-Visual Materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into 11 series: Series I. Correspondence, Series II. Administrative Files, Series III. Photographs and Slides, Series IV. Programming, Series V. Printed Materials, Series VI. Sistrunk Historical Festival, Series VII. Awards and Proclamations, Series VIII. Objects, Series IX. Langston Hughes Library and Tyrone Bryant Papers, Series X. Art XI. Audio-Visual Materials."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBroward County Library created the Library-in-Action (LIA) initiative to address educational needs and increase access to libraries in historically underserved, primarily minority communities in Broward County. It started in 1975 as the Broward County Library \"Project for the Economically Disadvantaged\" but soon became internationally known as Library-in-Action Project. The project ran until 2002.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Von D. Mizell Library in the historic Sistrunk neighborhood, which became part of the Broward County Library system in 1974, was the headquarters of Library-In-Action. As a result of LIA-authored grant funding, four additional libraries were opened: Dania Beach Library (Feb. 5, 1979), Collier City Library (1980), Rock Island Library (1980), and Carver Ranches Library (1982). Also in 1980, the Von D. Mizell Library moved to a new building with a larger collection. These five libraries provided youth and adults with free access to books, literacy classes, and tutoring services. They also created tailor-made services and programs based on community input.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBroward County Library's Assistant Director, Samuel Morrison, hired an administrative team to oversee the LIA program: Tyrone Bryant (Director), Janet Hansen (Assistant Director), and Tanya Simons-Oparah (Outreach Services Coordinator). The LIA team earned millions of dollars in grants, trained librarians and staff, and conducted programming. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrom 1977 to 1980, Library-In-Action staff canvassed neighborhoods and offered library resources to the Collier City community before the Collier City Library was built. The LIA's Homework Assistance program bussed children from elementary schools to the Collier City Library, where they received help with their homework and school projects, graduating more than 200 students in its early years. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe LIA project also involved a Bookmobile and a Footmobile service - where staff went door-to-door promoting libraries and delivering books. Other notable programs included speakers such as Alex Haley (author of \"Roots\") in 1980, Elton Fox, and Tom Feelings. The Black Heritage program educated children on Africa, and an African hut was constructed in the Von D. Mizell Library as part of the programming.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLIA Director Tyrone Bryant coined the name \"Library-In-Action\". Tyrone Bryant (1942-1988) was a graduate of Florida Agriculture and Mechanical University. Prior to his directorship at the Langston Hughes Library he was the director of the Committee for the Corona-East Elmhurst Community Corp, where he began working in 1967. The Committee's activism ultimately formed the Langston Hughes Cultural Center and Library in the Corona neighborhood in New York City. Tyrone Bryant became the first Director of the Langston Hughes Library which opened April 26, 1969 and served the needs of inner-city residents. Bryant moved to Fort Lauderdale in 1975 to become the LIA Director. The many programs conducted during the BCL LIA project originated from Tyrone Byrant's experience with programs at the Langston Hughes Library, such as the Homework Assistance Program. In 1983 Bryant was named Assistant Director of the Broward County Library system in charge of Special Services while also retaining his position as Project Director of LIA. Bryant also served as the chairman of the Sistrunk Historical Festival from 1983 until 1988. He married Claudia Wright in 1986. Tyrone Bryant died on February 24, 1988 at age 45. The Rock Island Library was rededicated in his honor on April 20, 1988 as the Tyrone Bryant Library Branch.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe 1980 Sistrunk Historical Festival saw the dedication of the Von D. Mizell Center which housed the Von D. Mizell Branch Library.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe LIA program collaborated with the City of Fort Lauderdale to create the Sistrunk Historical Festival in 1979, celebrating the county's black pioneers. The festival began as a two-day event to initiate economic redevelopment and held programming on African American culture, and under Bryant's chairmanship grew to a month-long event drawing over 100,000 people by 1988.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Broward County Library created the Library-in-Action (LIA) initiative to address educational needs and increase access to libraries in historically underserved, primarily minority communities in Broward County. It started in 1975 as the Broward County Library \"Project for the Economically Disadvantaged\" but soon became internationally known as Library-in-Action Project. The project ran until 2002.","The Von D. Mizell Library in the historic Sistrunk neighborhood, which became part of the Broward County Library system in 1974, was the headquarters of Library-In-Action. As a result of LIA-authored grant funding, four additional libraries were opened: Dania Beach Library (Feb. 5, 1979), Collier City Library (1980), Rock Island Library (1980), and Carver Ranches Library (1982). Also in 1980, the Von D. Mizell Library moved to a new building with a larger collection. These five libraries provided youth and adults with free access to books, literacy classes, and tutoring services. They also created tailor-made services and programs based on community input.","Broward County Library's Assistant Director, Samuel Morrison, hired an administrative team to oversee the LIA program: Tyrone Bryant (Director), Janet Hansen (Assistant Director), and Tanya Simons-Oparah (Outreach Services Coordinator). The LIA team earned millions of dollars in grants, trained librarians and staff, and conducted programming. ","From 1977 to 1980, Library-In-Action staff canvassed neighborhoods and offered library resources to the Collier City community before the Collier City Library was built. The LIA's Homework Assistance program bussed children from elementary schools to the Collier City Library, where they received help with their homework and school projects, graduating more than 200 students in its early years. ","The LIA project also involved a Bookmobile and a Footmobile service - where staff went door-to-door promoting libraries and delivering books. Other notable programs included speakers such as Alex Haley (author of \"Roots\") in 1980, Elton Fox, and Tom Feelings. The Black Heritage program educated children on Africa, and an African hut was constructed in the Von D. Mizell Library as part of the programming.","LIA Director Tyrone Bryant coined the name \"Library-In-Action\". Tyrone Bryant (1942-1988) was a graduate of Florida Agriculture and Mechanical University. Prior to his directorship at the Langston Hughes Library he was the director of the Committee for the Corona-East Elmhurst Community Corp, where he began working in 1967. The Committee's activism ultimately formed the Langston Hughes Cultural Center and Library in the Corona neighborhood in New York City. Tyrone Bryant became the first Director of the Langston Hughes Library which opened April 26, 1969 and served the needs of inner-city residents. Bryant moved to Fort Lauderdale in 1975 to become the LIA Director. The many programs conducted during the BCL LIA project originated from Tyrone Byrant's experience with programs at the Langston Hughes Library, such as the Homework Assistance Program. In 1983 Bryant was named Assistant Director of the Broward County Library system in charge of Special Services while also retaining his position as Project Director of LIA. Bryant also served as the chairman of the Sistrunk Historical Festival from 1983 until 1988. He married Claudia Wright in 1986. Tyrone Bryant died on February 24, 1988 at age 45. The Rock Island Library was rededicated in his honor on April 20, 1988 as the Tyrone Bryant Library Branch.","The 1980 Sistrunk Historical Festival saw the dedication of the Von D. Mizell Center which housed the Von D. Mizell Branch Library.","The LIA program collaborated with the City of Fort Lauderdale to create the Sistrunk Historical Festival in 1979, celebrating the county's black pioneers. The festival began as a two-day event to initiate economic redevelopment and held programming on African American culture, and under Bryant's chairmanship grew to a month-long event drawing over 100,000 people by 1988."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLibrary-In-Action Collection, African American Research Library and Cultural Center, Broward County Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Library-In-Action Collection, African American Research Library and Cultural Center, Broward County Library."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://broward.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/185\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eVon D. Mizell Library Collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Von D. Mizell Library Collection"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Library-In-Action Collection documents the Library-In-Action initiative started by the Broward County Library in 1975 to address literacy and access in underserved communities. The collection also documents the career of Tyrone Bryant from his tenure at the Langston Hughes Library through his directorship at Library-In-Action, as well as the Sistrunk Historical Festival.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials in the collection consist of correspondence, budgets, meeting minutes, staff files, grants, reports, photographs, slides, programs, newspaper clippings, newsletters, press releases, certificates, proclamations, audio-visual materials, and objects.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Library-In-Action Collection documents the Library-In-Action initiative started by the Broward County Library in 1975 to address literacy and access in underserved communities. The collection also documents the career of Tyrone Bryant from his tenure at the Langston Hughes Library through his directorship at Library-In-Action, as well as the Sistrunk Historical Festival.","Materials in the collection consist of correspondence, budgets, meeting minutes, staff files, grants, reports, photographs, slides, programs, newspaper clippings, newsletters, press releases, certificates, proclamations, audio-visual materials, and objects."],"names_coll_ssim":["Broward County Library","Langston Hughes Community Library and Cultural Center. Queens Public Library (Corona, N.Y.)","Bryant, Tyrone, 1942-1988"],"names_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections","Broward County Library","Langston Hughes Community Library and Cultural Center. Queens Public Library (Corona, N.Y.)","Bryant, Tyrone, 1942-1988"],"corpname_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections","Broward County Library","Langston Hughes Community Library and Cultural Center. Queens Public Library (Corona, N.Y.)"],"persname_ssim":["Bryant, Tyrone, 1942-1988"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":530,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1876455833356730368,"_root_":"63f85ee1ad3b0ea5b7bd3ffa","timestamp":"2026-09-16T03:02:14.138Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/63f85ee1ad3b0ea5b7bd3ffa_aspace_f356f443136233a67f8b80ad5f2007b5"}},{"id":"fcab20b88f8ed86bfbd56dc2_aspace_7eaeb43eedb77d20be9ae5698698c2ed","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Nova University Community Singers, 1980 - 1981","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/fcab20b88f8ed86bfbd56dc2_aspace_7eaeb43eedb77d20be9ae5698698c2ed#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_7eaeb43eedb77d20be9ae5698698c2ed","ref_ssm":["aspace_7eaeb43eedb77d20be9ae5698698c2ed","aspace_7eaeb43eedb77d20be9ae5698698c2ed"],"id":"fcab20b88f8ed86bfbd56dc2_aspace_7eaeb43eedb77d20be9ae5698698c2ed","title_filing_ssi":"Nova University Community Singers","title_ssm":["Nova University Community Singers"],"title_tesim":["Nova University Community Singers"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1980 - 1981"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1980 - 1981"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Nova University Community Singers, 1980 - 1981"],"text":["Nova University Community Singers, 1980 - 1981","Easter Lily Gates Collection, 1898-1982","Printed Materials, Circa 1920-1981","Programs, Circa 1940-1981","/repositories/4/archival_objects/4158","box 20","folder 407"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["fcab20b88f8ed86bfbd56dc2","fcab20b88f8ed86bfbd56dc2_aspace_021200e575e98dc61956719ecac93400","fcab20b88f8ed86bfbd56dc2_aspace_37d812f4c9b4c9ffc93e2bdeca0bcf73"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Easter Lily Gates Collection, 1898-1982","Printed Materials, Circa 1920-1981","Programs, Circa 1940-1981"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Easter Lily Gates Collection, 1898-1982","Printed Materials, Circa 1920-1981","Programs, Circa 1940-1981"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Subseries"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/4/archival_objects/4158"],"repository_ssim":["Broward County Historical Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Easter Lily Gates Collection, 1898-1982"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":436,"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The Easter Lily Gates Collection is open for research."],"date_range_isim":[1980,1981],"containers_ssim":["box 20","folder 407"],"_nest_path_":"/components#3/components#3/components#9","_nest_parent_":"fcab20b88f8ed86bfbd56dc2_aspace_37d812f4c9b4c9ffc93e2bdeca0bcf73","_root_":"fcab20b88f8ed86bfbd56dc2","_version_":1875370525482549248,"timestamp":"2026-09-04T03:31:43.893Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"fcab20b88f8ed86bfbd56dc2","title_filing_ssi":"Gates, Easter Lily Collection","title_ssm":["Easter Lily Gates Collection"],"title_tesim":["Easter Lily Gates Collection"],"ead_ssi":"fcab20b88f8ed86bfbd56dc2","unitdate_ssm":["1898-1982"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1898-1982"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["BCHA.2021.1","/repositories/4/resources/179"],"text":["BCHA.2021.1","/repositories/4/resources/179","Easter Lily Gates Collection, 1898-1982","Broward County (Fla.)","Gates, Easter Lily, 1889-1985 -- Correspondence","Broward County (Fla.). Board of County Commissioners","Voter registration -- Florida -- Broward County","Voting -- Florida -- Broward County","Elections -- Florida -- Broward County","Photographs","Hats","Programs","Maps","Certificates","The collection is arranged into 6 series: Series I. Correspondence, Series II. Professional Papers, Series III. Personal Papers, Series IV. Printed Materials, Series V. Awards, and Series VI. Ephemera.","Easter Lily Biblo Gates was born on April 21, 1889, in Des Moines, Iowa to parents Elijah and Etta Biblo. Easter Lily Gates travelled west with her family by covered wagon to Utah and Nevada. She made hats as a store clerk at 17 years old. On January 20, 1910, she married George Peter Gates.","Easter and George Gates moved to Fort Lauderdale, Florida in 1918. They had two sons named Robert and Theodore. In 1926, Easter Lily saved her family in a severe hurricane by carrying her husband and two sons to the second floor of their home; they lost everything they owned and two weeks later her husband died from anemia. To provide for her children, Gates became Broward County's first female bus driver. In 1928, she ran for and won the  Supervisor of Elections job.  She maintained this position for 40 years, from 1929 to 1969. Easter Lily Gates registered Broward County's first Seminole and African-American voters.","Easter Lily Gates retired in 1969 at 80 years old. At 92 years old, she moved to Tampa, Florida and Thomasville, Georgia to live with her sons. Easter Lily Gates entered a nursing home in Tampa before her death. She died in February 1985.","This collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection.","View a selection of digitized materials from the Easter Lily Gates Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives.","The Easter Lily Gates Collection contains correspondence, photographs, printed materials, maps, prayer books, awards, political and election materials documenting the professional and personal life of Easter Lily Gates.","The Easter Lily Gates Collection is open for research."," Broward County Historical Archives","English"],"unitid_tesim":["BCHA.2021.1","/repositories/4/resources/179"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1898-1982"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Easter Lily Gates Collection, 1898-1982"],"collection_title_tesim":["Easter Lily Gates Collection, 1898-1982"],"collection_ssim":["Easter Lily Gates Collection, 1898-1982"],"repository_ssm":["Broward County Historical Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Broward County Historical Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Broward County (Fla.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Broward County (Fla.)"],"places_ssim":["Broward County (Fla.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The Easter Lily Gates Collection is open for research."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Gates, Easter Lily, 1889-1985 -- Correspondence","Broward County (Fla.). Board of County Commissioners","Voter registration -- Florida -- Broward County","Voting -- Florida -- Broward County","Elections -- Florida -- Broward County","Photographs","Hats","Programs","Maps","Certificates"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Gates, Easter Lily, 1889-1985 -- Correspondence","Broward County (Fla.). Board of County Commissioners","Voter registration -- Florida -- Broward County","Voting -- Florida -- Broward County","Elections -- Florida -- Broward County","Photographs","Hats","Programs","Maps","Certificates"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["33 Hollinger Boxes"],"extent_tesim":["33 Hollinger Boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs","Hats","Programs","Maps","Certificates"],"date_range_isim":[1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into 6 series: Series I. Correspondence, Series II. Professional Papers, Series III. Personal Papers, Series IV. Printed Materials, Series V. Awards, and Series VI. Ephemera.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into 6 series: Series I. Correspondence, Series II. Professional Papers, Series III. Personal Papers, Series IV. Printed Materials, Series V. Awards, and Series VI. Ephemera."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEaster Lily Biblo Gates was born on April 21, 1889, in Des Moines, Iowa to parents Elijah and Etta Biblo. Easter Lily Gates travelled west with her family by covered wagon to Utah and Nevada. She made hats as a store clerk at 17 years old. On January 20, 1910, she married George Peter Gates.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEaster and George Gates moved to Fort Lauderdale, Florida in 1918. They had two sons named Robert and Theodore. In 1926, Easter Lily saved her family in a severe hurricane by carrying her husband and two sons to the second floor of their home; they lost everything they owned and two weeks later her husband died from anemia. To provide for her children, Gates became Broward County's first female bus driver. In 1928, she ran for and won the  Supervisor of Elections job.  She maintained this position for 40 years, from 1929 to 1969. Easter Lily Gates registered Broward County's first Seminole and African-American voters.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEaster Lily Gates retired in 1969 at 80 years old. At 92 years old, she moved to Tampa, Florida and Thomasville, Georgia to live with her sons. Easter Lily Gates entered a nursing home in Tampa before her death. She died in February 1985.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Easter Lily Biblo Gates was born on April 21, 1889, in Des Moines, Iowa to parents Elijah and Etta Biblo. Easter Lily Gates travelled west with her family by covered wagon to Utah and Nevada. She made hats as a store clerk at 17 years old. On January 20, 1910, she married George Peter Gates.","Easter and George Gates moved to Fort Lauderdale, Florida in 1918. They had two sons named Robert and Theodore. In 1926, Easter Lily saved her family in a severe hurricane by carrying her husband and two sons to the second floor of their home; they lost everything they owned and two weeks later her husband died from anemia. To provide for her children, Gates became Broward County's first female bus driver. In 1928, she ran for and won the  Supervisor of Elections job.  She maintained this position for 40 years, from 1929 to 1969. Easter Lily Gates registered Broward County's first Seminole and African-American voters.","Easter Lily Gates retired in 1969 at 80 years old. At 92 years old, she moved to Tampa, Florida and Thomasville, Georgia to live with her sons. Easter Lily Gates entered a nursing home in Tampa before her death. She died in February 1985."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEaster Lily Gates Collection, Broward County Historical Archives, Broward County Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Easter Lily Gates Collection, Broward County Historical Archives, Broward County Library."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://digitalarchives.broward.org/digital/collection/elgates/search\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eView a selection of digitized materials from the Easter Lily Gates Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Digital Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["View a selection of digitized materials from the Easter Lily Gates Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Easter Lily Gates Collection contains correspondence, photographs, printed materials, maps, prayer books, awards, political and election materials documenting the professional and personal life of Easter Lily Gates.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Easter Lily Gates Collection contains correspondence, photographs, printed materials, maps, prayer books, awards, political and election materials documenting the professional and personal life of Easter Lily Gates."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Easter Lily Gates Collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Easter Lily Gates Collection is open for research."],"names_ssim":[" Broward County Historical Archives"],"corpname_ssim":[" Broward County Historical Archives"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":501,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1875370525482549248,"_root_":"fcab20b88f8ed86bfbd56dc2","timestamp":"2026-09-04T03:31:43.893Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/fcab20b88f8ed86bfbd56dc2_aspace_7eaeb43eedb77d20be9ae5698698c2ed"}},{"id":"a0b8dca0cc27e719e79a099f_aspace_6ec45003e0ff25d3d36c7c9bf8584495","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"NRM Oil Lease, 1979-1982","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/a0b8dca0cc27e719e79a099f_aspace_6ec45003e0ff25d3d36c7c9bf8584495#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eFolder includes permit documents, correspondence, evidence, maps, photo negatives, water use information, and clippings. Correspondents include the National Audubon Society; Law Offices of Cooper, Sonnier, Ortego, Herbert, and Woodruff; Carlton, Fields, Ward, Emmanuel, Smith, and Culter; Gifford, Woody, Palmer and Serles; The Collier Company; Theodore S. Hauschka; Kevin L. Erwin, Consulting Ecologist, Inc.; South Florida Water Management District; Department of the Army, Jacksonville District Corps of Engineers; Board of County Commissioners, Collier County; Sanibel-Captiva Audubon Society; and Hopping, Boyd, Green, and Sams.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/a0b8dca0cc27e719e79a099f_aspace_6ec45003e0ff25d3d36c7c9bf8584495#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_6ec45003e0ff25d3d36c7c9bf8584495","ref_ssm":["aspace_6ec45003e0ff25d3d36c7c9bf8584495","aspace_6ec45003e0ff25d3d36c7c9bf8584495"],"id":"a0b8dca0cc27e719e79a099f_aspace_6ec45003e0ff25d3d36c7c9bf8584495","title_filing_ssi":" NRM Oil Lease","title_ssm":[" NRM Oil Lease"],"title_tesim":[" NRM Oil Lease"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1979-1982"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1979-1982"],"normalized_title_ssm":["NRM Oil Lease, 1979-1982"],"text":["NRM Oil Lease, 1979-1982","Audubon Society Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary records, 1937-2019","Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary Records","Monthly Reports-Overstory Productivity Data – Corkscrew South Dike","/repositories/2/archival_objects/198206","box 14","folder 14","Folder includes permit documents, correspondence, evidence, maps, photo negatives, water use information, and clippings. Correspondents include the National Audubon Society; Law Offices of Cooper, Sonnier, Ortego, Herbert, and Woodruff; Carlton, Fields, Ward, Emmanuel, Smith, and Culter; Gifford, Woody, Palmer and Serles; The Collier Company; Theodore S. Hauschka; Kevin L. Erwin, Consulting Ecologist, Inc.; South Florida Water Management District; Department of the Army, Jacksonville District Corps of Engineers; Board of County Commissioners, Collier County; Sanibel-Captiva Audubon Society; and Hopping, Boyd, Green, and Sams."],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["a0b8dca0cc27e719e79a099f","a0b8dca0cc27e719e79a099f_aspace_e321b62174c707b70994a33f9c213e29","a0b8dca0cc27e719e79a099f_aspace_e0e03f41563201059eaddbdb1cb3b112"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Audubon Society Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary records, 1937-2019","Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary Records","Monthly Reports-Overstory Productivity Data – Corkscrew South Dike"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Audubon Society Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary records, 1937-2019","Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary Records","Monthly Reports-Overstory Productivity Data – Corkscrew South Dike"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Box"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/2/archival_objects/198206"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Audubon Society Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary records, 1937-2019"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":1,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":308,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Until 2034, USF Libraries must provide a 90 day notice to Florida Audubon Society in advance of any exhibition or cultural activity initiated by USF Libraries in which the sole focus of the exhibition or activity is the Florida Audubon Society."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information."],"date_range_isim":[1979,1980,1981,1982],"containers_ssim":["box 14","folder 14"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFolder includes permit documents, correspondence, evidence, maps, photo negatives, water use information, and clippings. Correspondents include the National Audubon Society; Law Offices of Cooper, Sonnier, Ortego, Herbert, and Woodruff; Carlton, Fields, Ward, Emmanuel, Smith, and Culter; Gifford, Woody, Palmer and Serles; The Collier Company; Theodore S. Hauschka; Kevin L. Erwin, Consulting Ecologist, Inc.; South Florida Water Management District; Department of the Army, Jacksonville District Corps of Engineers; Board of County Commissioners, Collier County; Sanibel-Captiva Audubon Society; and Hopping, Boyd, Green, and Sams.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Folder includes permit documents, correspondence, evidence, maps, photo negatives, water use information, and clippings. Correspondents include the National Audubon Society; Law Offices of Cooper, Sonnier, Ortego, Herbert, and Woodruff; Carlton, Fields, Ward, Emmanuel, Smith, and Culter; Gifford, Woody, Palmer and Serles; The Collier Company; Theodore S. Hauschka; Kevin L. Erwin, Consulting Ecologist, Inc.; South Florida Water Management District; Department of the Army, Jacksonville District Corps of Engineers; Board of County Commissioners, Collier County; Sanibel-Captiva Audubon Society; and Hopping, Boyd, Green, and Sams."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#13/components#13","_nest_parent_":"a0b8dca0cc27e719e79a099f_aspace_e0e03f41563201059eaddbdb1cb3b112","_root_":"a0b8dca0cc27e719e79a099f","_version_":1872946110924849152,"timestamp":"2026-08-08T09:16:41.949Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"a0b8dca0cc27e719e79a099f","title_ssm":["Audubon Society Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary records"],"title_tesim":["Audubon Society Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary records"],"ead_ssi":"a0b8dca0cc27e719e79a099f","unitdate_ssm":["1937-2019"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1937-2019"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-2020-03","/repositories/2/resources/583"],"text":["MS-2020-03","/repositories/2/resources/583","Audubon Society Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary records, 1937-2019","Ecology -- Florida","Conservationists -- Florida","Birds -- Habitat -- Florida","Birds -- Migration","Good.","Until 2034, USF Libraries must provide a 90 day notice to Florida Audubon Society in advance of any exhibition or cultural activity initiated by USF Libraries in which the sole focus of the exhibition or activity is the Florida Audubon Society.","This collection is divided into four series: Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary records, subject files, photographs and slides, and oversized material. The first series includes documents from work conducted at the sanctuary proper, though additional related documents may be found in the subject files. Within series, folders are arranged alphabetically.","Audubon Florida's Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary is a site which had been protected by Audubon wardens since the 1910s.  With no interest from the state in preserving the area, Audubon Florida founded the sanctuary in the mid-1950s.  From an initial 5,000 acres, it was expanded to more than 13,000 acres.  It is especially notable for its bald cypress forest and cypress domes, the only part of the original Fakahatchee cypress strand in the area to be preserved from logging, which commenced in 1944. As part of the Corkscrew watershed, the sanctuary is part of the western Everglades. To save the remaining cypress and vital habitat from destruction, Audubon led an effort to raise money to buy the property. By 1954, 5,680 acres were accumulated, the last virgin cypress forest in the entire world and the most important Wood Stork rookery in the U.S. When offered the property, the state of Florida expressed no interest in the site, so Audubon took ownership. By the 1970s and 80s, development had altered the local landscape and made the sanctuary a much less isolated site. Under the leadership of Executive Director (and longtime Audubon employee) Ed Carlson in the 1980s and 90s, the sanctuary incoroporated more formal education programs, a visitor center, and a boardwalk that provides a scenic tour of parts of the property. These records document the activities of the sanctuary, including habitat studies, research materials, educational records, correspondence, and general management of the site, from invasive species mitigation to controlled burns.","The Audubon Florida Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary Records donation included published book materials that are being processed for inclusion into the collection and will be traced on this record.","This collection consists of organizational papers, scientific data, field notebooks, correspondence, photographs and photographic slides, maps, and clippings.","Maps and publications related to the archival collection are cataloged individually and shelved in the Environment and Natural History Collection. Titles and links to the catalog record are available on this finding aid via the \"Cataloged Books, Publications, and Media\" and \"Cataloged Maps\" series.","None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information.","The Audubon Society Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary records contain materials collecting the history of this sanctuary and the scientific and outreach work conducted on the property and surrounding area. In addition, this collection includes research materials from several National Audubon Society projects, including from the Paul J. 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It is especially notable for its bald cypress forest and cypress domes, the only part of the original Fakahatchee cypress strand in the area to be preserved from logging, which commenced in 1944. As part of the Corkscrew watershed, the sanctuary is part of the western Everglades. To save the remaining cypress and vital habitat from destruction, Audubon led an effort to raise money to buy the property. By 1954, 5,680 acres were accumulated, the last virgin cypress forest in the entire world and the most important Wood Stork rookery in the U.S. When offered the property, the state of Florida expressed no interest in the site, so Audubon took ownership. By the 1970s and 80s, development had altered the local landscape and made the sanctuary a much less isolated site. Under the leadership of Executive Director (and longtime Audubon employee) Ed Carlson in the 1980s and 90s, the sanctuary incoroporated more formal education programs, a visitor center, and a boardwalk that provides a scenic tour of parts of the property. These records document the activities of the sanctuary, including habitat studies, research materials, educational records, correspondence, and general management of the site, from invasive species mitigation to controlled burns.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"bioghist_tesim":["Audubon Florida's Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary is a site which had been protected by Audubon wardens since the 1910s.  With no interest from the state in preserving the area, Audubon Florida founded the sanctuary in the mid-1950s.  From an initial 5,000 acres, it was expanded to more than 13,000 acres.  It is especially notable for its bald cypress forest and cypress domes, the only part of the original Fakahatchee cypress strand in the area to be preserved from logging, which commenced in 1944. As part of the Corkscrew watershed, the sanctuary is part of the western Everglades. To save the remaining cypress and vital habitat from destruction, Audubon led an effort to raise money to buy the property. By 1954, 5,680 acres were accumulated, the last virgin cypress forest in the entire world and the most important Wood Stork rookery in the U.S. When offered the property, the state of Florida expressed no interest in the site, so Audubon took ownership. By the 1970s and 80s, development had altered the local landscape and made the sanctuary a much less isolated site. Under the leadership of Executive Director (and longtime Audubon employee) Ed Carlson in the 1980s and 90s, the sanctuary incoroporated more formal education programs, a visitor center, and a boardwalk that provides a scenic tour of parts of the property. 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Titles and links to the catalog record are available on this finding aid via the \"Cataloged Books, Publications, and Media\" and \"Cataloged Maps\" series.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Maps and publications related to the archival collection are cataloged individually and shelved in the Environment and Natural History Collection. Titles and links to the catalog record are available on this finding aid via the \"Cataloged Books, Publications, and Media\" and \"Cataloged Maps\" series."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone.\u0026#xA0;The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.\u0026#xA0; Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at \u003cextref href=\"http://www.copyright.gov/\"\u003ehttp://www.copyright.gov/\u003c/extref\u003e for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_bf60a5a83f90c49360b71829ac95b658\"\u003eThe Audubon Society Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary records contain materials collecting the history of this sanctuary and the scientific and outreach work conducted on the property and surrounding area. In addition, this collection includes research materials from several National Audubon Society projects, including from the Paul J. Rainey Wildlife Sanctuary and Platte River.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Audubon Society Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary records contain materials collecting the history of this sanctuary and the scientific and outreach work conducted on the property and surrounding area. In addition, this collection includes research materials from several National Audubon Society projects, including from the Paul J. Rainey Wildlife Sanctuary and Platte River."],"names_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Ed Carlson"],"corpname_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Ed Carlson"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":2704,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1872946110924849152,"_root_":"a0b8dca0cc27e719e79a099f","timestamp":"2026-08-08T09:16:41.949Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/a0b8dca0cc27e719e79a099f_aspace_6ec45003e0ff25d3d36c7c9bf8584495"}},{"id":"480e46a504f2fba6b1588537_aspace_222148","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Numbered USAF Historical Studies, 1981","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/480e46a504f2fba6b1588537_aspace_222148#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003ePrepared by the Albert F. Simpson Historical Research Center, Maxwell AFB.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/480e46a504f2fba6b1588537_aspace_222148#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_222148","ref_ssm":["aspace_222148","aspace_222148"],"id":"480e46a504f2fba6b1588537_aspace_222148","title_filing_ssi":"Numbered USAF Historical Studies","title_ssm":["Numbered USAF Historical Studies"],"title_tesim":["Numbered USAF Historical Studies"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1981"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1981"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Numbered USAF Historical Studies, 1981"],"text":["Numbered USAF Historical Studies, 1981","484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998","004","/repositories/10/archival_objects/34372","02.0047 - Box 8","folder 004","Prepared by the Albert F. Simpson Historical Research Center, Maxwell AFB."],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ids_ssim":["480e46a504f2fba6b1588537"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"unitid_ssm":["004","/repositories/10/archival_objects/34372"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"collection_ssim":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":191,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open to all researchers."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"date_range_isim":[1981],"containers_ssim":["02.0047 - Box 8","folder 004"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePrepared by the Albert F. Simpson Historical Research Center, Maxwell AFB.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Prepared by the Albert F. Simpson Historical Research Center, Maxwell AFB."],"_nest_path_":"/components#190","_nest_parent_":"480e46a504f2fba6b1588537","_root_":"480e46a504f2fba6b1588537","timestamp":"2026-07-10T05:44:27.461Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"480e46a504f2fba6b1588537","title_filing_ssi":"484th Bombardment Group Association papers","title_ssm":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers"],"title_tesim":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers"],"ead_ssi":"480e46a504f2fba6b1588537","unitdate_ssm":["1939-1998"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1939-1998"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["02.0047","/repositories/10/resources/197"],"text":["02.0047","/repositories/10/resources/197","484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998","Foggia (Italy)","B-24 (Bomber)","World War, 1939-1945--Aerial operations","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Italy","World War, 1939-1945--Yugoslavia","World War, 1939-1945--Austria","This collection is open to all researchers.","Constituted as 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) on September 14, 1943, the group officially activated on September 20th. Trained for combat with B-24 Liberator heavy bombers, the group transferred to Torretto Airfield in Italy during March and April 1944. Torretta airfield (also known as Cerignola #3) served as a semi-permanent heavy bomber airfield located approximately 14km (9 miles) southwest of Cerignola in Apulia, Italy.  This airbase would eventually form part of the Foggia Airfield Complex.  Assigned to Fifteenth Air Force, the group was redesignated the 484th Bombardment Group (Pathfinder) in May 1944 but did not perform pathfinder functions. Again, redesignated 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) in November 1944, the group operated primarily as a strategic bombardment organization through to April 1945.\n The group attacked targets such as oil refineries, oil storage plants, aircraft factories, heavy industry, and communications in Italy, France, Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Rumania, and Yugoslavia. On June 13, 1944, a heavy smoke screen prevented the group from bombing marshaling yards at Munich. In spite of severe damage from German flak and fighters, and despite heavy gunfire encountered at the alternate target, the group bombed marshaling yards at Innsbruck and received a Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC) for its persistent action. The group received a second DUC for performance on August 22, 1944, when, unescorted, the organization fought its way through an intense opposition to attack underground oil storage installations in Vienna. In addition to strategic missions, the 484th supported the allied ground drive toward Rome by bombing bridges, supply dumps, viaducts, and marshaling yards from April to June 1944. Furthermore, the group ferried gasoline and oil to Allied forces in southern France during September 1944 and supported the final advance through northern Italy.  Moved to Casablanca in May 1945, the group was assigned to Air Transport Command and subsequently deactivated in French Morocco on July 25, 1945. Squadrons assigned to the group included the 824th, 825th, 826th, and 827th. Stations assigned for the group during the war included Harvard AAF,  Nebraska from September 20, 1943, to March 2, 1944; Torretta AAF, Italy from April 1944-May 1945; and Casablanca, French Morocco, from May 25 to July 25, 1945. The assigned commanders included Colonel William B Keese from October 1943 to April 1945 and Lieutenant Colonel Chester C. Busch from April 1945 to deactivation","History of  The Torretta Flyer  newsletter:","Bud Markel wrote the history of the 484th Bomb Group and preserved it in  The Torretta Flyer.  He and his wife Bea organized the first reunion of the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups in May of 1981.  In December of 1981, the 461st and 484th Bomb Groups Association were incorporated in the state of California as a non-profit corporation. Starting with a newsletter bulletin to keep early members up to date on the fledgling organization, the name  The Torretta Flyer  was first applied to newsletter number 4. In 1992 the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups formed their own separate associations. Bud was the president of the 484th BG Association and the editor of  The Torretta Flyer  until the association was disbanded in 2001.  An excellent writer, photographer, aviation historian, and organizer, Bud published  The Torretta Flyer  twice yearly for 20 years.  With the help of Bea, he also organized and hosted annual reunions for the association.  The Torretta Flyer  evolved from a mimeographed newsletter into a fine glossy magazine filled with photographs, data compiled from official sources, letters and stories written by members, and scholarly contributions from writers in the historical aviation field.  When the 484th BG Association was disbanded, Bud and Bea donated 50 1200 page bound two-volume sets of  The Torretta Flyer  to various libraries and museums around the country.  Bud Markel flew 35 combat missions as a B-24 engineer between January and May of 1945.  He was employed as an A\u0026P mechanic for United Airlines in Los Angeles from 1948 until retirement.  He was especially proud of the 484th BG Association scholarship fund which was originally conceived as a living memorial to the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups.  Through this fund, the association donated $53,000 to deserving high school students from the area around Cerignola, Italy.  The Torretta Flyer  is copyright © 484th Bomb Group Association","Link to The Torretta Flyer newsletter index:  http://www.484th.org/Torretta%20Flyer/Torretta%20Flyer.htm","Source:","\"484th Bombardment Group (H).\" www.484th.org. Accessed June 8, 2018. http://www.484th.org/.","Note written by Dick Olson, 484th Bombardment Group Association Historian","Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022.","Link to official website of the 484th Bombardment Group Association:   http://www.484th.org/ . This website is also included in an  Internet Archive web collection  for the World War II Archives. ","The Internet Archive collection includes the website for the 461st Bombardment Group (H).","This collection relates to the 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) that was assigned to the 15th Air Force and based in Torretta, Italy as a component of the Foggia Airfield Complex during World War II and assigned B-24 Liberator heavy bombers.  The materials contained in this collection were subsequently assembled during the post-war period by the 484th Bombardment Group Association.  The collection contains official reports, data sheets, statistics, newspapers, Missing Air Crew Reports, personal histories, photographs, and unit histories.","All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.","Claude Pepper Library","FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","484th Bombardment Group Association","United States. Army Air Forces, Bombardment Group (H), 484th","English"],"unitid_tesim":["02.0047","/repositories/10/resources/197"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1939-1998"],"normalized_title_ssm":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998"],"collection_title_tesim":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998"],"collection_ssim":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998"],"repository_ssm":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Foggia (Italy)"],"geogname_ssim":["Foggia (Italy)"],"creator_ssm":["484th Bombardment Group Association"],"creator_ssim":["484th Bombardment Group Association"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["484th Bombardment Group Association"],"creators_ssim":["484th Bombardment Group Association"],"places_ssim":["Foggia (Italy)"],"access_terms_ssm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"access_subjects_ssim":["B-24 (Bomber)","World War, 1939-1945--Aerial operations","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Italy","World War, 1939-1945--Yugoslavia","World War, 1939-1945--Austria"],"access_subjects_ssm":["B-24 (Bomber)","World War, 1939-1945--Aerial operations","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Italy","World War, 1939-1945--Yugoslavia","World War, 1939-1945--Austria"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["17 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["17 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to all researchers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to all researchers."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eConstituted as 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) on September 14, 1943, the group officially activated on September 20th. Trained for combat with B-24 Liberator heavy bombers, the group transferred to Torretto Airfield in Italy during March and April 1944. Torretta airfield (also known as Cerignola #3) served as a semi-permanent heavy bomber airfield located approximately 14km (9 miles) southwest of Cerignola in Apulia, Italy.\u0026#xA0; This airbase would eventually form part of the Foggia Airfield Complex.\u0026#xA0; Assigned to Fifteenth Air Force, the group was redesignated the 484th Bombardment Group (Pathfinder) in May 1944 but did not perform pathfinder functions. Again, redesignated 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) in November 1944, the group operated primarily as a strategic bombardment organization through to April 1945.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe group attacked targets such as oil refineries, oil storage plants, aircraft factories, heavy industry, and communications in Italy, France, Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Rumania, and Yugoslavia. On June 13, 1944, a heavy smoke screen prevented the group from bombing marshaling yards at Munich. In spite of severe damage from German flak and fighters, and despite heavy gunfire encountered at the alternate target, the group bombed marshaling yards at Innsbruck and received a Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC) for its persistent action. The group received a second DUC for performance on August 22, 1944, when, unescorted, the organization fought its way through an intense opposition to attack underground oil storage installations in Vienna. In addition to strategic missions, the 484th supported the allied ground drive toward Rome by bombing bridges, supply dumps, viaducts, and marshaling yards from April to June 1944. Furthermore, the group ferried gasoline and oil to Allied forces in southern France during September 1944 and supported the final advance through northern Italy.\u0026#xA0; Moved to Casablanca in May 1945, the group was assigned to Air Transport Command and subsequently deactivated in French Morocco on July 25, 1945. Squadrons assigned to the group included the 824th, 825th, 826th, and 827th. Stations assigned for the group during the war included Harvard AAF,\u0026#xA0; Nebraska from September 20, 1943, to March 2, 1944; Torretta AAF, Italy from April 1944-May 1945; and Casablanca, French Morocco, from May 25 to July 25, 1945. The assigned commanders included Colonel William B Keese from October 1943 to April 1945 and Lieutenant Colonel Chester C. Busch from April 1945 to deactivation\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistory of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e newsletter:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBud Markel wrote the history of the 484th Bomb Group and preserved it in \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer.\u003c/emph\u003e He and his wife Bea organized the first reunion of the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups in May of 1981.\u0026#xA0; In December of 1981, the 461st and 484th Bomb Groups Association were incorporated in the state of California as a non-profit corporation. Starting with a newsletter bulletin to keep early members up to date on the fledgling organization, the name \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e was first applied to newsletter number 4. In 1992 the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups formed their own separate associations. Bud was the president of the 484th BG Association and the editor of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e until the association was disbanded in 2001.\u0026#xA0; An excellent writer, photographer, aviation historian, and organizer, Bud published \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e twice yearly for 20 years.\u0026#xA0; With the help of Bea, he also organized and hosted annual reunions for the association. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e evolved from a mimeographed newsletter into a fine glossy magazine filled with photographs, data compiled from official sources, letters and stories written by members, and scholarly contributions from writers in the historical aviation field.\u0026#xA0; When the 484th BG Association was disbanded, Bud and Bea donated 50 1200 page bound two-volume sets of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e to various libraries and museums around the country.\u0026#xA0; Bud Markel flew 35 combat missions as a B-24 engineer between January and May of 1945.\u0026#xA0; He was employed as an A\u0026amp;P mechanic for United Airlines in Los Angeles from 1948 until retirement.\u0026#xA0; He was especially proud of the 484th BG Association scholarship fund which was originally conceived as a living memorial to the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups.\u0026#xA0; Through this fund, the association donated $53,000 to deserving high school students from the area around Cerignola, Italy. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e is copyright \u0026#xA9; 484th Bomb Group Association\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLink to The Torretta Flyer newsletter index: \u003cextref href=\"http://www.484th.org/Torretta%20Flyer/Torretta%20Flyer.htm\"\u003ehttp://www.484th.org/Torretta%20Flyer/Torretta%20Flyer.htm\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSource:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"484th Bombardment Group (H).\" www.484th.org. Accessed June 8, 2018. http://www.484th.org/.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNote written by Dick Olson, 484th Bombardment Group Association Historian\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Constituted as 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) on September 14, 1943, the group officially activated on September 20th. Trained for combat with B-24 Liberator heavy bombers, the group transferred to Torretto Airfield in Italy during March and April 1944. Torretta airfield (also known as Cerignola #3) served as a semi-permanent heavy bomber airfield located approximately 14km (9 miles) southwest of Cerignola in Apulia, Italy.  This airbase would eventually form part of the Foggia Airfield Complex.  Assigned to Fifteenth Air Force, the group was redesignated the 484th Bombardment Group (Pathfinder) in May 1944 but did not perform pathfinder functions. Again, redesignated 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) in November 1944, the group operated primarily as a strategic bombardment organization through to April 1945.\n The group attacked targets such as oil refineries, oil storage plants, aircraft factories, heavy industry, and communications in Italy, France, Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Rumania, and Yugoslavia. On June 13, 1944, a heavy smoke screen prevented the group from bombing marshaling yards at Munich. In spite of severe damage from German flak and fighters, and despite heavy gunfire encountered at the alternate target, the group bombed marshaling yards at Innsbruck and received a Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC) for its persistent action. The group received a second DUC for performance on August 22, 1944, when, unescorted, the organization fought its way through an intense opposition to attack underground oil storage installations in Vienna. In addition to strategic missions, the 484th supported the allied ground drive toward Rome by bombing bridges, supply dumps, viaducts, and marshaling yards from April to June 1944. Furthermore, the group ferried gasoline and oil to Allied forces in southern France during September 1944 and supported the final advance through northern Italy.  Moved to Casablanca in May 1945, the group was assigned to Air Transport Command and subsequently deactivated in French Morocco on July 25, 1945. Squadrons assigned to the group included the 824th, 825th, 826th, and 827th. Stations assigned for the group during the war included Harvard AAF,  Nebraska from September 20, 1943, to March 2, 1944; Torretta AAF, Italy from April 1944-May 1945; and Casablanca, French Morocco, from May 25 to July 25, 1945. The assigned commanders included Colonel William B Keese from October 1943 to April 1945 and Lieutenant Colonel Chester C. Busch from April 1945 to deactivation","History of  The Torretta Flyer  newsletter:","Bud Markel wrote the history of the 484th Bomb Group and preserved it in  The Torretta Flyer.  He and his wife Bea organized the first reunion of the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups in May of 1981.  In December of 1981, the 461st and 484th Bomb Groups Association were incorporated in the state of California as a non-profit corporation. Starting with a newsletter bulletin to keep early members up to date on the fledgling organization, the name  The Torretta Flyer  was first applied to newsletter number 4. In 1992 the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups formed their own separate associations. Bud was the president of the 484th BG Association and the editor of  The Torretta Flyer  until the association was disbanded in 2001.  An excellent writer, photographer, aviation historian, and organizer, Bud published  The Torretta Flyer  twice yearly for 20 years.  With the help of Bea, he also organized and hosted annual reunions for the association.  The Torretta Flyer  evolved from a mimeographed newsletter into a fine glossy magazine filled with photographs, data compiled from official sources, letters and stories written by members, and scholarly contributions from writers in the historical aviation field.  When the 484th BG Association was disbanded, Bud and Bea donated 50 1200 page bound two-volume sets of  The Torretta Flyer  to various libraries and museums around the country.  Bud Markel flew 35 combat missions as a B-24 engineer between January and May of 1945.  He was employed as an A\u0026P mechanic for United Airlines in Los Angeles from 1948 until retirement.  He was especially proud of the 484th BG Association scholarship fund which was originally conceived as a living memorial to the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups.  Through this fund, the association donated $53,000 to deserving high school students from the area around Cerignola, Italy.  The Torretta Flyer  is copyright © 484th Bomb Group Association","Link to The Torretta Flyer newsletter index:  http://www.484th.org/Torretta%20Flyer/Torretta%20Flyer.htm","Source:","\"484th Bombardment Group (H).\" www.484th.org. Accessed June 8, 2018. http://www.484th.org/.","Note written by Dick Olson, 484th Bombardment Group Association Historian"],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTransferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives in July 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], 484th Bombardment Group Association papers, Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_02_0047\"\u003ehttp://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_02_0047\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], 484th Bombardment Group Association papers, Special Collections \u0026 Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida.  http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_02_0047 ."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLink to official website of the 484th Bombardment Group Association:\u0026#xA0; \u003cextref href=\"http://www.484th.org/\"\u003ehttp://www.484th.org/\u003c/extref\u003e. This website is also included in an \u003cextref href=\"https://archive-it.org/collections/10115\"\u003eInternet Archive web collection\u003c/extref\u003e for the World War II Archives. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Internet Archive collection includes the website for the 461st Bombardment Group (H).\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials - Related Publications"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Link to official website of the 484th Bombardment Group Association:   http://www.484th.org/ . This website is also included in an  Internet Archive web collection  for the World War II Archives. ","The Internet Archive collection includes the website for the 461st Bombardment Group (H)."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection relates to the 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) that was assigned to the 15th Air Force and based in Torretta, Italy as a component of the Foggia Airfield Complex during World War II and assigned B-24 Liberator heavy bombers.\u0026#xA0; The materials contained in this collection were subsequently assembled during the post-war period by the 484th Bombardment Group Association.\u0026#xA0; The collection contains official reports, data sheets, statistics, newspapers, Missing Air Crew Reports, personal histories, photographs, and unit histories.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection relates to the 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) that was assigned to the 15th Air Force and based in Torretta, Italy as a component of the Foggia Airfield Complex during World War II and assigned B-24 Liberator heavy bombers.  The materials contained in this collection were subsequently assembled during the post-war period by the 484th Bombardment Group Association.  The collection contains official reports, data sheets, statistics, newspapers, Missing Air Crew Reports, personal histories, photographs, and unit histories."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_dc95db454fe0ad060bd914009fe90431\"\u003eClaude Pepper Library\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Claude Pepper Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["484th Bombardment Group Association","United States. Army Air Forces, Bombardment Group (H), 484th"],"names_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","484th Bombardment Group Association","United States. Army Air Forces, Bombardment Group (H), 484th"],"corpname_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","484th Bombardment Group Association","United States. 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Materials include commemorative plaques presented by early graduating classes, class photographs spanning almost two decades, brochures, invitations, and announcements related to graduation and candlelight ceremonies.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe plaques reflect the appreciation and recognition of graduating classes from the 1960s through the 1980s, highlighting the strong bonds between students and faculty. The extensive series of class photographs, beginning with the Class of 1966, provides a visual record of the program's early cohorts. Additional materials such as brochures and invitations document key ceremonial traditions in the department, including the candlelight ritual associated with the nursing profession.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This record group documents the history, culture, and legacy of the Nursing Department at Broward College from 1965 through 2012. Materials include commemorative plaques presented by early graduating classes, class photographs spanning almost two decades, brochures, invitations, and announcements related to graduation and candlelight ceremonies.","The plaques reflect the appreciation and recognition of graduating classes from the 1960s through the 1980s, highlighting the strong bonds between students and faculty. The extensive series of class photographs, beginning with the Class of 1966, provides a visual record of the program's early cohorts. Additional materials such as brochures and invitations document key ceremonial traditions in the department, including the candlelight ritual associated with the nursing profession."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResponsibility for securing copyright permission rests with the researcher. 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This collection provides a detailed look into what was involved in creating and maintaining the now well-established graduate programs at the University of Central Florida.   ","Series I: General, 1983-2015, consists of general information on the University of Central Florida's Office of Graduate Studies, including requests for master's degree oral examinations, committee papers, and policies. \n \nSeries II: College of Arts and Sciences, 1970-1991, contains materials relating to the various graduate programs offered by the University of Central Florida's College of Arts and Sciences. These materials include program initiation proposals, program requests, reports, reviews, and correspondence. \n \nSeries III: College of Business Administration, 1969-1991, contains materials relating to the various graduate programs offered by the University of Central Florida's College of Business Administration. These materials include program initiation proposals, program requests, reports, reviews, and correspondence. \n \nSeries IV: College of Education, 1969-1990, contains materials relating to the various graduate programs offered by the University of Central Florida's College of Education. These materials include program initiation proposals, program requests, reports, reviews, and correspondence. \n \nSeries V: College of Engineering, 1969-1989, contains materials relating to the various graduate programs offered by the University of Central Florida's College of Engineering. These materials include program initiation proposals, program requests, reports, reviews, and correspondence. \n \nSeries VI: College of Health and Public Affairs, 1970-1991, contains materials relating to the various graduate programs offered by the University of Central Florida's College of Health and Public Affairs. These materials include program initiation proposals, program requests, reports, reviews, and correspondence. \n \nSeries VII: College of Extended Studies, 1980-1982, contains materials relating to the various graduate programs offered by the University of Central Florida's College of Extended Studies. These materials include program initiation proposals, program requests, reports, reviews, and correspondence. ","Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","The Office of Graduate Studies records, 1969-2015, documents the creation and maintenance of several graduate programs across six colleges at the University of Central Florida. The collection chiefly consists of program initiation proposals, program requests, reports, reviews, committee papers and correspondence relating to the formation of and proposed alterations to the given programs.   \n\nThe Office of Graduate Studies was founded in the late 1960s and was associated with the Office of Research. In 2003, they changed their name to the Division of Graduate Studies, and in the fall of 2008, they became the College of Graduate Studies. The College supports graduate students through their degree program, from the application period to graduation and beyond.","UCF University Archives","University of Central Florida. Office of Graduate Studies","Florida Technological University","University of Central Florida","English"],"unitid_tesim":["UA18I","/repositories/2/resources/116"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1969-2015, bulk 1969-1991"],"normalized_title_ssm":["University of Central Florida Office of Graduate Studies records, 1969-2015, bulk 1969-1991"],"collection_title_tesim":["University of Central Florida Office of Graduate Studies records, 1969-2015, bulk 1969-1991"],"collection_ssim":["University of Central Florida Office of Graduate Studies records, 1969-2015, bulk 1969-1991"],"repository_ssm":["UCF University Archives"],"repository_ssim":["UCF University Archives"],"creator_ssm":["University of Central Florida. Office of Graduate Studies"],"creator_ssim":["University of Central Florida. Office of Graduate Studies"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["University of Central Florida. Office of Graduate Studies"],"creators_ssim":["University of Central Florida. Office of Graduate Studies"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Transferred by the Office of Graduate Studies in 1991 (Accession no. CFU1991_01) and in 2017 (Accession no. CFU2017_09)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Universities and colleges -- Florida","Research -- Florida -- Orlando","correspondence","administrative records"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Universities and colleges -- Florida","Research -- Florida -- Orlando","correspondence","administrative records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["8 Linear Feet 20 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["8 Linear Feet 20 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["correspondence","administrative records"],"date_range_isim":[1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged in seven series, which correspond to the colleges represented, and alphabetically by major within the colleges.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged in seven series, which correspond to the colleges represented, and alphabetically by major within the colleges."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Office of Graduate Studies was founded in the late 1960s and was associated with the Office of Research. In 2003, they changed their name to the Division of Graduate Studies, and in the fall of 2008, they became the College of Graduate Studies. The College supports graduate students through their degree program, from the application period to graduation and beyond. This support is facilitated through the several resources available including the Office of Graduate Student Life, the Graduate Student Center, the Student Scholar Symposium, 3MT, the Knight Research Scholars Program (KRSP), graduate teaching assistantships, fellowships, professional development, career exploration facilitation, and funding help. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe colleges represented in the collection have also undergone name and organizational changes. These colleges include the College of Arts and Sciences, now the College of Arts and Humanities and the College of Sciences, the College of Business Administration, now the College of Business, the College of Education, now the College of Community Innovation and Education, College of Engineering, College of Health \u0026amp; Public Affairs, now the College of Health Professions and Sciences, and the College of Extended Studies, which no longer exists. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Office of Graduate Studies was founded in the late 1960s and was associated with the Office of Research. In 2003, they changed their name to the Division of Graduate Studies, and in the fall of 2008, they became the College of Graduate Studies. The College supports graduate students through their degree program, from the application period to graduation and beyond. 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"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Office of Graduate Studies records, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Office of Graduate Studies records, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection processed by and finding aid prepared by Jessica Achberger in 2006. The finding aid was placed into Archon, with adjustments made for Archon and resulting in edition 2, by Mary Rubin in 2015. Additional materials added and finding aid revised by Simone Deluque in 2026.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Collection processed by and finding aid prepared by Jessica Achberger in 2006. The finding aid was placed into Archon, with adjustments made for Archon and resulting in edition 2, by Mary Rubin in 2015. 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This collection provides a detailed look into what was involved in creating and maintaining the now well-established graduate programs at the University of Central Florida.   \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries I: General, 1983-2015, consists of general information on the University of Central Florida's Office of Graduate Studies, including requests for master's degree oral examinations, committee papers, and policies. \n \nSeries II: College of Arts and Sciences, 1970-1991, contains materials relating to the various graduate programs offered by the University of Central Florida's College of Arts and Sciences. These materials include program initiation proposals, program requests, reports, reviews, and correspondence. \n \nSeries III: College of Business Administration, 1969-1991, contains materials relating to the various graduate programs offered by the University of Central Florida's College of Business Administration. These materials include program initiation proposals, program requests, reports, reviews, and correspondence. \n \nSeries IV: College of Education, 1969-1990, contains materials relating to the various graduate programs offered by the University of Central Florida's College of Education. These materials include program initiation proposals, program requests, reports, reviews, and correspondence. \n \nSeries V: College of Engineering, 1969-1989, contains materials relating to the various graduate programs offered by the University of Central Florida's College of Engineering. These materials include program initiation proposals, program requests, reports, reviews, and correspondence. \n \nSeries VI: College of Health and Public Affairs, 1970-1991, contains materials relating to the various graduate programs offered by the University of Central Florida's College of Health and Public Affairs. These materials include program initiation proposals, program requests, reports, reviews, and correspondence. \n \nSeries VII: College of Extended Studies, 1980-1982, contains materials relating to the various graduate programs offered by the University of Central Florida's College of Extended Studies. These materials include program initiation proposals, program requests, reports, reviews, and correspondence. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Office of Graduate Studies records, 1969-2015, documents the creation and maintenance of several graduate programs across six colleges at the University of Central Florida. These colleges include the College of Arts and Sciences, the College of Business Administration, the College of Education, College of Engineering, College of Health \u0026 Public Affairs, and the College of Extended Studies. The collection chiefly consists of program initiation proposals, program requests, reports, reviews, committee papers, and correspondence relating to the formation of and proposed alterations to the given programs. This collection provides a detailed look into what was involved in creating and maintaining the now well-established graduate programs at the University of Central Florida.   ","Series I: General, 1983-2015, consists of general information on the University of Central Florida's Office of Graduate Studies, including requests for master's degree oral examinations, committee papers, and policies. \n \nSeries II: College of Arts and Sciences, 1970-1991, contains materials relating to the various graduate programs offered by the University of Central Florida's College of Arts and Sciences. These materials include program initiation proposals, program requests, reports, reviews, and correspondence. \n \nSeries III: College of Business Administration, 1969-1991, contains materials relating to the various graduate programs offered by the University of Central Florida's College of Business Administration. These materials include program initiation proposals, program requests, reports, reviews, and correspondence. \n \nSeries IV: College of Education, 1969-1990, contains materials relating to the various graduate programs offered by the University of Central Florida's College of Education. These materials include program initiation proposals, program requests, reports, reviews, and correspondence. \n \nSeries V: College of Engineering, 1969-1989, contains materials relating to the various graduate programs offered by the University of Central Florida's College of Engineering. These materials include program initiation proposals, program requests, reports, reviews, and correspondence. \n \nSeries VI: College of Health and Public Affairs, 1970-1991, contains materials relating to the various graduate programs offered by the University of Central Florida's College of Health and Public Affairs. These materials include program initiation proposals, program requests, reports, reviews, and correspondence. \n \nSeries VII: College of Extended Studies, 1980-1982, contains materials relating to the various graduate programs offered by the University of Central Florida's College of Extended Studies. These materials include program initiation proposals, program requests, reports, reviews, and correspondence. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Copyright Statement"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_4d85531fe0f7dac721c25ff08f1627f2\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Office of Graduate Studies records, 1969-2015, documents the creation and maintenance of several graduate programs across six colleges at the University of Central Florida. The collection chiefly consists of program initiation proposals, program requests, reports, reviews, committee papers and correspondence relating to the formation of and proposed alterations to the given programs.   \n\nThe Office of Graduate Studies was founded in the late 1960s and was associated with the Office of Research. In 2003, they changed their name to the Division of Graduate Studies, and in the fall of 2008, they became the College of Graduate Studies. The College supports graduate students through their degree program, from the application period to graduation and beyond.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Office of Graduate Studies records, 1969-2015, documents the creation and maintenance of several graduate programs across six colleges at the University of Central Florida. The collection chiefly consists of program initiation proposals, program requests, reports, reviews, committee papers and correspondence relating to the formation of and proposed alterations to the given programs.   \n\nThe Office of Graduate Studies was founded in the late 1960s and was associated with the Office of Research. In 2003, they changed their name to the Division of Graduate Studies, and in the fall of 2008, they became the College of Graduate Studies. The College supports graduate students through their degree program, from the application period to graduation and beyond."],"names_coll_ssim":["Florida Technological University","University of Central Florida"],"names_ssim":["UCF University Archives","University of Central Florida. Office of Graduate Studies","Florida Technological University","University of Central Florida"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF University Archives","University of Central Florida. Office of Graduate Studies","Florida Technological University","University of Central Florida"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":133,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"3f3ed19462c0336bc6aef027","timestamp":"2026-05-09T02:56:27.872Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/3f3ed19462c0336bc6aef027_aspace_f8203d824ef10474c3f0b41079b71c90"}},{"id":"5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62_aspace_836dcdf07e008940feb9a5a326ac45f2","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Nuyonu, Circa 1979-1998","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62_aspace_836dcdf07e008940feb9a5a326ac45f2#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_836dcdf07e008940feb9a5a326ac45f2","ref_ssm":["aspace_836dcdf07e008940feb9a5a326ac45f2","aspace_836dcdf07e008940feb9a5a326ac45f2"],"id":"5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62_aspace_836dcdf07e008940feb9a5a326ac45f2","title_filing_ssi":"Nuyonu","title_ssm":["Nuyonu"],"title_tesim":["Nuyonu"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Circa 1979-1998"],"normalized_date_ssm":["Circa 1979-1998"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Nuyonu, Circa 1979-1998"],"text":["Nuyonu, Circa 1979-1998","Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006","Correspondence, Circa 1920-2001","/repositories/2/archival_objects/28220","box 4","folder 4"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62","5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62_aspace_eacbb65fa649819dd4b5e0d9c86cb666"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006","Correspondence, Circa 1920-2001"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006","Correspondence, Circa 1920-2001"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/2/archival_objects/28220"],"repository_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":203,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The Niara Sudarkasa Collection is open for research."],"date_range_isim":[1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998],"containers_ssim":["box 4","folder 4"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#201","_nest_parent_":"5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62_aspace_eacbb65fa649819dd4b5e0d9c86cb666","_root_":"5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62","timestamp":"2026-04-21T02:08:51.248Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62","title_filing_ssi":"Sudarkasa, Niara Collection","title_ssm":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection"],"title_tesim":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection"],"ead_ssi":"5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62","unitdate_ssm":["1934-2006"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1934-2006"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["AARLCC.2006.4","/repositories/2/resources/51"],"text":["AARLCC.2006.4","/repositories/2/resources/51","Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006","Bahamian Americans","Correspondence","Photographs","plaques (flat objects)","Periodicals","The Niara Sudarkasa Collection is open for research.","View a selection of digitized materials from the Niara Sudarkasa Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives.","Niara Sudarkasa, born Gloria Albertha Marshall to a Bahamian immigrant family on August 14, 1938, in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, demonstrated exceptional academic promise from an early age. She graduated from Dillard High School at just 14 years old and, at 15, entered Fisk University on a Ford Foundation scholarship to study English. Her intellectual journey deepened at Oberlin College, where exposure to courses on the African diaspora inspired her to change her major to Sociology-Anthropology, earning her bachelor's degree in 1957.","Gloria enrolled at Columbia University in New York, where she pursued graduate studies in Anthropology. She earned both her Master's (1959) and Ph.D. degrees in (1964), becoming the first African American woman to teach at Columbia University. Following the completion of her doctorate, Dr. Sudarkasa was appointed assistant professor of anthropology at New York University (1970-1976), again marking a historic first for an African American woman. ","Gloria Albertha Marshall adopted the name Niara Sudarkasa to reflect her evolving identity as a cultural bridge between African Americans and continental Africans. Her name change marked a deepening commitment to diasporic connection and cultural reclamation.\nAt the University of Michigan, Dr. Sudarkasa continued to break barriers, becoming the first African American faculty member in the Department of Anthropology. From 1978 to 1981, she served as Associate Director of the Center for Afro-American and African Studies, advancing scholarship and institutional support for African diaspora research.","In 1986, she became the first female president of Lincoln University in Pennsylvania, a role she held until 1998. Her scholarship increasingly centered on the lives of women in West Africa and the enduring strength of the Black family. Her work in Nigeria earned her recognition from the royal court: in 2001, His Royal Majesty Aláyélúwà Ọba Ọkúnadé Sijuwade Olúbùsẹ II of the Royal Court of Ifẹ́ conferred upon her the chieftaincy title Yèyé Olókun Ìgbàdérò. She was the first African American to receive this honor from the Ifẹ́ Kingdom.","Following her retirement from higher education, Dr. Sudarkasa returned to her hometown of Fort Lauderdale, Florida, where she became the first scholar-in-residence at the newly opened African American Research Library and Cultural Center in 2002.\nDr. Sudarkasa was married to John L. Clark and was the mother of Michael Sudarkasa. She passed away on May 31, 2019, at the age of 80, leaving behind a legacy of scholarship, leadership, and cultural stewardship.","The Niara Sudarkasa Collection received container level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection. ","Parts of the collection have received file level processing. From January 2022 to May 2024, FIU interns, Emmanuel George, and Dominique St. Victor processed \"Series I. Correspondence\" and \"Series III. Professional Papers, Sub-series 1. Writings by Niara Sudarkasa and Sub-series 2. Writings by Others\" as part of the WPHL-FIU Community Data Curation grant.","The Niara Sudarkasa Collection documents the career of anthropologist, Africanist, professor, and university president Dr. Niara Sudarkasa. The collection contains correspondence, scholarly writings, publications, research files, audio visual materials, awards, and business papers dating from 1934 to 2006. The collection also includes Dr. Sudarka's personal library of more than 2,500 books, journals, and pamphlets. The collection highlights Dr. Sudarkasa's professional achievements including becoming the first woman president of Lincoln University in Pennsylvania and first Black faculty member of the Anthropology Department at the University of Michigan. Her papers are a unique resource on Yoruba language and culture, ethnic groups in higher education, and the Black Power Movement in the United States. They also document her work to strengthen international programs at Lincoln and the University of Michigan.","Books from this collection were cataloged in the Broward County Library catalog with the prefix \"SUD\".","AARLCC Special Collections","University of Michigan. Department of Anthropology","Lincoln University (Pa.)","Sudarkasa, Niara","English"],"unitid_tesim":["AARLCC.2006.4","/repositories/2/resources/51"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1934-2006"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006"],"collection_title_tesim":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006"],"collection_ssim":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006"],"repository_ssm":["AARLCC Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections"],"creator_ssm":["Sudarkasa, Niara"],"creator_ssim":["Sudarkasa, Niara"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Sudarkasa, Niara"],"creators_ssim":["Sudarkasa, Niara"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Dr. Niara Sudarkasa donated the materials to the AARLCC Special Collections on October 17, 2006 (Accession AARLCC-2006.4)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Bahamian Americans","Correspondence","Photographs","plaques (flat objects)","Periodicals"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Bahamian Americans","Correspondence","Photographs","plaques (flat objects)","Periodicals"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["400 Hollinger Boxes","410 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["400 Hollinger Boxes","410 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Photographs","plaques (flat objects)","Periodicals"],"date_range_isim":[1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Niara Sudarkasa Collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The Niara Sudarkasa Collection is open for research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://digitalarchives.broward.org/digital/collection/nsb\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eView a selection of digitized materials from the Niara Sudarkasa Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Digitized Materials"],"altformavail_tesim":["View a selection of digitized materials from the Niara Sudarkasa Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNiara Sudarkasa, born Gloria Albertha Marshall to a Bahamian immigrant family on August 14, 1938, in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, demonstrated exceptional academic promise from an early age. She graduated from Dillard High School at just 14 years old and, at 15, entered Fisk University on a Ford Foundation scholarship to study English. Her intellectual journey deepened at Oberlin College, where exposure to courses on the African diaspora inspired her to change her major to Sociology-Anthropology, earning her bachelor's degree in 1957.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGloria enrolled at Columbia University in New York, where she pursued graduate studies in Anthropology. She earned both her Master's (1959) and Ph.D. degrees in (1964), becoming the first African American woman to teach at Columbia University. Following the completion of her doctorate, Dr. Sudarkasa was appointed assistant professor of anthropology at New York University (1970-1976), again marking a historic first for an African American woman. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGloria Albertha Marshall adopted the name Niara Sudarkasa to reflect her evolving identity as a cultural bridge between African Americans and continental Africans. Her name change marked a deepening commitment to diasporic connection and cultural reclamation.\nAt the University of Michigan, Dr. Sudarkasa continued to break barriers, becoming the first African American faculty member in the Department of Anthropology. From 1978 to 1981, she served as Associate Director of the Center for Afro-American and African Studies, advancing scholarship and institutional support for African diaspora research.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1986, she became the first female president of Lincoln University in Pennsylvania, a role she held until 1998. Her scholarship increasingly centered on the lives of women in West Africa and the enduring strength of the Black family. Her work in Nigeria earned her recognition from the royal court: in 2001, His Royal Majesty Al\u0026#xE1;y\u0026#xE9;l\u0026#xFA;w\u0026#xE0; \u0026#x1ECC;ba \u0026#x1ECC;k\u0026#xFA;nad\u0026#xE9; Sijuwade Ol\u0026#xFA;b\u0026#xF9;s\u0026#x1EB9; II of the Royal Court of If\u0026#x1EB9;\u0026#x301; conferred upon her the chieftaincy title Y\u0026#xE8;y\u0026#xE9; Ol\u0026#xF3;kun \u0026#xCC;gb\u0026#xE0;d\u0026#xE9;r\u0026#xF2;. She was the first African American to receive this honor from the If\u0026#x1EB9;\u0026#x301; Kingdom.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFollowing her retirement from higher education, Dr. Sudarkasa returned to her hometown of Fort Lauderdale, Florida, where she became the first scholar-in-residence at the newly opened African American Research Library and Cultural Center in 2002.\nDr. Sudarkasa was married to John L. Clark and was the mother of Michael Sudarkasa. She passed away on May 31, 2019, at the age of 80, leaving behind a legacy of scholarship, leadership, and cultural stewardship.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Niara Sudarkasa, born Gloria Albertha Marshall to a Bahamian immigrant family on August 14, 1938, in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, demonstrated exceptional academic promise from an early age. She graduated from Dillard High School at just 14 years old and, at 15, entered Fisk University on a Ford Foundation scholarship to study English. Her intellectual journey deepened at Oberlin College, where exposure to courses on the African diaspora inspired her to change her major to Sociology-Anthropology, earning her bachelor's degree in 1957.","Gloria enrolled at Columbia University in New York, where she pursued graduate studies in Anthropology. She earned both her Master's (1959) and Ph.D. degrees in (1964), becoming the first African American woman to teach at Columbia University. Following the completion of her doctorate, Dr. Sudarkasa was appointed assistant professor of anthropology at New York University (1970-1976), again marking a historic first for an African American woman. ","Gloria Albertha Marshall adopted the name Niara Sudarkasa to reflect her evolving identity as a cultural bridge between African Americans and continental Africans. Her name change marked a deepening commitment to diasporic connection and cultural reclamation.\nAt the University of Michigan, Dr. Sudarkasa continued to break barriers, becoming the first African American faculty member in the Department of Anthropology. From 1978 to 1981, she served as Associate Director of the Center for Afro-American and African Studies, advancing scholarship and institutional support for African diaspora research.","In 1986, she became the first female president of Lincoln University in Pennsylvania, a role she held until 1998. Her scholarship increasingly centered on the lives of women in West Africa and the enduring strength of the Black family. Her work in Nigeria earned her recognition from the royal court: in 2001, His Royal Majesty Aláyélúwà Ọba Ọkúnadé Sijuwade Olúbùsẹ II of the Royal Court of Ifẹ́ conferred upon her the chieftaincy title Yèyé Olókun Ìgbàdérò. She was the first African American to receive this honor from the Ifẹ́ Kingdom.","Following her retirement from higher education, Dr. Sudarkasa returned to her hometown of Fort Lauderdale, Florida, where she became the first scholar-in-residence at the newly opened African American Research Library and Cultural Center in 2002.\nDr. Sudarkasa was married to John L. Clark and was the mother of Michael Sudarkasa. She passed away on May 31, 2019, at the age of 80, leaving behind a legacy of scholarship, leadership, and cultural stewardship."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNiara Sudarkasa Collection, African American Research Library and Cultural Center Special Collections, Broward County Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection, African American Research Library and Cultural Center Special Collections, Broward County Library."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Niara Sudarkasa Collection received container level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParts of the collection have received file level processing. From January 2022 to May 2024, FIU interns, Emmanuel George, and Dominique St. Victor processed \"Series I. Correspondence\" and \"Series III. Professional Papers, Sub-series 1. Writings by Niara Sudarkasa and Sub-series 2. Writings by Others\" as part of the WPHL-FIU Community Data Curation grant.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The Niara Sudarkasa Collection received container level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection. ","Parts of the collection have received file level processing. From January 2022 to May 2024, FIU interns, Emmanuel George, and Dominique St. Victor processed \"Series I. Correspondence\" and \"Series III. Professional Papers, Sub-series 1. Writings by Niara Sudarkasa and Sub-series 2. Writings by Others\" as part of the WPHL-FIU Community Data Curation grant."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Niara Sudarkasa Collection documents the career of anthropologist, Africanist, professor, and university president Dr. Niara Sudarkasa. The collection contains correspondence, scholarly writings, publications, research files, audio visual materials, awards, and business papers dating from 1934 to 2006. The collection also includes Dr. Sudarka's personal library of more than 2,500 books, journals, and pamphlets. The collection highlights Dr. Sudarkasa's professional achievements including becoming the first woman president of Lincoln University in Pennsylvania and first Black faculty member of the Anthropology Department at the University of Michigan. Her papers are a unique resource on Yoruba language and culture, ethnic groups in higher education, and the Black Power Movement in the United States. They also document her work to strengthen international programs at Lincoln and the University of Michigan.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Niara Sudarkasa Collection documents the career of anthropologist, Africanist, professor, and university president Dr. Niara Sudarkasa. The collection contains correspondence, scholarly writings, publications, research files, audio visual materials, awards, and business papers dating from 1934 to 2006. The collection also includes Dr. Sudarka's personal library of more than 2,500 books, journals, and pamphlets. The collection highlights Dr. Sudarkasa's professional achievements including becoming the first woman president of Lincoln University in Pennsylvania and first Black faculty member of the Anthropology Department at the University of Michigan. Her papers are a unique resource on Yoruba language and culture, ethnic groups in higher education, and the Black Power Movement in the United States. They also document her work to strengthen international programs at Lincoln and the University of Michigan."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://broward.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/results?qu=SUD\u0026amp;qf=LOCATION%09Shelf+Location%091%3AAF-SPC%09AARLCC+Special+Collections\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBooks from this collection were cataloged in the Broward County Library catalog with the prefix \"SUD\".\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Access the Books"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Books from this collection were cataloged in the Broward County Library catalog with the prefix \"SUD\"."],"names_coll_ssim":["University of Michigan. Department of Anthropology","Lincoln University (Pa.)"],"names_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections","University of Michigan. Department of Anthropology","Lincoln University (Pa.)","Sudarkasa, Niara"],"corpname_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections","University of Michigan. Department of Anthropology","Lincoln University (Pa.)"],"persname_ssim":["Sudarkasa, Niara"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":2760,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62","timestamp":"2026-04-21T02:08:51.248Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62_aspace_836dcdf07e008940feb9a5a326ac45f2"}},{"id":"fc68935be80e6d2bf630694c_aspace_34b7c2658a530ae1db3d6b9adc79af8e","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"N.W. Federated Woman's Club, 1981","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/fc68935be80e6d2bf630694c_aspace_34b7c2658a530ae1db3d6b9adc79af8e#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_34b7c2658a530ae1db3d6b9adc79af8e","ref_ssm":["aspace_34b7c2658a530ae1db3d6b9adc79af8e","aspace_34b7c2658a530ae1db3d6b9adc79af8e"],"id":"fc68935be80e6d2bf630694c_aspace_34b7c2658a530ae1db3d6b9adc79af8e","title_filing_ssi":"N.W. Federated Woman's Club","title_ssm":["N.W. Federated Woman's Club"],"title_tesim":["N.W. Federated Woman's Club"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1981"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1981"],"normalized_title_ssm":["N.W. Federated Woman's Club, 1981"],"text":["N.W. Federated Woman's Club, 1981","Esther Rolle Collection, Circa 1970-1999","Awards and Gifts","Plaques","/repositories/2/archival_objects/211","box 8","folder 41"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["fc68935be80e6d2bf630694c","fc68935be80e6d2bf630694c_aspace_75910004c3c4d11c81cc67d086053f9d","fc68935be80e6d2bf630694c_aspace_24dd382839f9c4657fd32a6a033c0d0b"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Esther Rolle Collection, Circa 1970-1999","Awards and Gifts","Plaques"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Esther Rolle Collection, Circa 1970-1999","Awards and Gifts","Plaques"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Subseries"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/2/archival_objects/211"],"repository_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Esther Rolle Collection, Circa 1970-1999"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":70,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for research."],"date_range_isim":[1981],"containers_ssim":["box 8","folder 41"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#0/components#46","_nest_parent_":"fc68935be80e6d2bf630694c_aspace_24dd382839f9c4657fd32a6a033c0d0b","_root_":"fc68935be80e6d2bf630694c","_version_":1870838778311999488,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T03:01:33.003Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"fc68935be80e6d2bf630694c","title_filing_ssi":"Rolle, Esther Collection ","title_ssm":["Esther Rolle Collection"],"title_tesim":["Esther Rolle Collection"],"ead_ssi":"fc68935be80e6d2bf630694c","unitdate_ssm":["Circa 1970-1999"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Circa 1970-1999"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["AARLCC.2005.2","/repositories/2/resources/2"],"text":["AARLCC.2005.2","/repositories/2/resources/2","Esther Rolle Collection, Circa 1970-1999","Pompano Beach (Fla.)","Caribbean Americans","Actresses","Bahamian Americans","African American political activists","Collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged into four series: Series I. Photographs, Series II. Awards, Series III. Personal Papers, and Series IV. Printed Materials.","Esther Rolle (1920-1998) was born in Pompano Beach, Florida to Bahamian parents Jonathan Rolle and Elizabeth Dames Rolle on November 8, 1920. Rolle was one of eighteen children. As a child, Rolle, along with her siblings, performed plays for churches and schools throughout Florida. She attended Booker T. Washington high school in Miami Beach, Florida and upon graduation attended Spelman College in Atlanta, Georgia, as well as Hunter College in New York City, New York. While in New York City, Rolle worked on the stage performing in theatrical productions on and off Broadway and became a member of the Negro Ensemble Company, a New York City based theater and workshop company. In 1955, she married Oscar Robinson, whom she divorced in 1975. Esther Rolle is known for her role as Florida Evans in the sitcoms Maude and Good Times. She also appeared in film, television and theatrical productions, including I know Why the Caged Bird Sings (1979), Cleopatra Jones (1973), the 1989 PBS televised play A Raisin in the Sun, Driving Miss Daisy (1989), How to Make an American Quilt (1995), Rosewood (1997), Down in the Delta (1998) and Train Ride (2000). Rolle won an Emmy Award for her supporting role as Ruth, in Summer of My German Soldier (1979). She also received other awards including an Image Award from the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1974 for best actress in a comedy for her work in Good Times. In 1987 she was inducted into the NAACP Hall of Fame and was the first woman to be honored with the NAACP Chairman's Civil Rights Leadership Award in 1990. Esther Rolle died on November 17, 1998 in Los Angeles, CA.","View a selection of digitized materials from the Esther Rolle Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives.","The Esther Rolle collection consists of photographs, awards, audio-visual, and printed materials that document the life and career of actress and dancer Esther Rolle. The collection contains materials that illustrate Esther Rolle's work in multiple films and television shows such as Good Times, P.K. and the Kid, as well as Driving Miss Daisy. The collection includes multiple awards commemorating her achievements, including the NAACP Eighth Image Award (statuette) for Best Actress In A Series (1974), the 20th Annual NAACP Image Awards 1987 Hall of Fame Award (statuette), the NAACP Image Award (statuette) 1973 Best T.V. Actress Series, and the 1978-1979 Emmy Award (statuette) for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited Series or a Special – Summer of My German Soldier, October 30, 1978 – NBC.","AARLCC Special Collections","English"],"unitid_tesim":["AARLCC.2005.2","/repositories/2/resources/2"],"normalized_date_ssm":["Circa 1970-1999"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Esther Rolle Collection, Circa 1970-1999"],"collection_title_tesim":["Esther Rolle Collection, Circa 1970-1999"],"collection_ssim":["Esther Rolle Collection, Circa 1970-1999"],"repository_ssm":["AARLCC Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Pompano Beach (Fla.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Pompano Beach (Fla.)"],"places_ssim":["Pompano Beach (Fla.)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Kenneth and Janice Rolle donated the materials to the AARLCC Special Collections on December 15, 2005 (Accession AARLCC-2005.2). Jet magazine dated Sept. 1978 and Playbill: The Member of the Wedding, Roundabout Thatre Company, March, 1989, were purchased via vendor."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Caribbean Americans","Actresses","Bahamian Americans","African American political activists"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Caribbean Americans","Actresses","Bahamian Americans","African American political activists"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["20 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["20 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into four series: Series I. Photographs, Series II. Awards, Series III. Personal Papers, and Series IV. Printed Materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into four series: Series I. Photographs, Series II. Awards, Series III. Personal Papers, and Series IV. Printed Materials."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEsther Rolle (1920-1998) was born in Pompano Beach, Florida to Bahamian parents Jonathan Rolle and Elizabeth Dames Rolle on November 8, 1920. Rolle was one of eighteen children. As a child, Rolle, along with her siblings, performed plays for churches and schools throughout Florida. She attended Booker T. Washington high school in Miami Beach, Florida and upon graduation attended Spelman College in Atlanta, Georgia, as well as Hunter College in New York City, New York. While in New York City, Rolle worked on the stage performing in theatrical productions on and off Broadway and became a member of the Negro Ensemble Company, a New York City based theater and workshop company. In 1955, she married Oscar Robinson, whom she divorced in 1975. Esther Rolle is known for her role as Florida Evans in the sitcoms Maude and Good Times. She also appeared in film, television and theatrical productions, including I know Why the Caged Bird Sings (1979), Cleopatra Jones (1973), the 1989 PBS televised play A Raisin in the Sun, Driving Miss Daisy (1989), How to Make an American Quilt (1995), Rosewood (1997), Down in the Delta (1998) and Train Ride (2000). Rolle won an Emmy Award for her supporting role as Ruth, in Summer of My German Soldier (1979). She also received other awards including an Image Award from the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1974 for best actress in a comedy for her work in Good Times. In 1987 she was inducted into the NAACP Hall of Fame and was the first woman to be honored with the NAACP Chairman's Civil Rights Leadership Award in 1990. Esther Rolle died on November 17, 1998 in Los Angeles, CA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Esther Rolle (1920-1998) was born in Pompano Beach, Florida to Bahamian parents Jonathan Rolle and Elizabeth Dames Rolle on November 8, 1920. Rolle was one of eighteen children. As a child, Rolle, along with her siblings, performed plays for churches and schools throughout Florida. She attended Booker T. Washington high school in Miami Beach, Florida and upon graduation attended Spelman College in Atlanta, Georgia, as well as Hunter College in New York City, New York. While in New York City, Rolle worked on the stage performing in theatrical productions on and off Broadway and became a member of the Negro Ensemble Company, a New York City based theater and workshop company. In 1955, she married Oscar Robinson, whom she divorced in 1975. Esther Rolle is known for her role as Florida Evans in the sitcoms Maude and Good Times. She also appeared in film, television and theatrical productions, including I know Why the Caged Bird Sings (1979), Cleopatra Jones (1973), the 1989 PBS televised play A Raisin in the Sun, Driving Miss Daisy (1989), How to Make an American Quilt (1995), Rosewood (1997), Down in the Delta (1998) and Train Ride (2000). Rolle won an Emmy Award for her supporting role as Ruth, in Summer of My German Soldier (1979). She also received other awards including an Image Award from the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1974 for best actress in a comedy for her work in Good Times. In 1987 she was inducted into the NAACP Hall of Fame and was the first woman to be honored with the NAACP Chairman's Civil Rights Leadership Award in 1990. Esther Rolle died on November 17, 1998 in Los Angeles, CA."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEsther Rolle Collection, African American Research Library and Cultural Center, Broward County Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Esther Rolle Collection, African American Research Library and Cultural Center, Broward County Libraries."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://digitalarchives.broward.org/digital/collection/p16146coll16/search\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eView a selection of digitized materials from the Esther Rolle Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Digital Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["View a selection of digitized materials from the Esther Rolle Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Esther Rolle collection consists of photographs, awards, audio-visual, and printed materials that document the life and career of actress and dancer Esther Rolle. The collection contains materials that illustrate Esther Rolle's work in multiple films and television shows such as Good Times, P.K. and the Kid, as well as Driving Miss Daisy. The collection includes multiple awards commemorating her achievements, including the NAACP Eighth Image Award (statuette) for Best Actress In A Series (1974), the 20th Annual NAACP Image Awards 1987 Hall of Fame Award (statuette), the NAACP Image Award (statuette) 1973 Best T.V. Actress Series, and the 1978-1979 Emmy Award (statuette) for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited Series or a Special \u0026#x2013; Summer of My German Soldier, October 30, 1978 \u0026#x2013; NBC.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Esther Rolle collection consists of photographs, awards, audio-visual, and printed materials that document the life and career of actress and dancer Esther Rolle. The collection contains materials that illustrate Esther Rolle's work in multiple films and television shows such as Good Times, P.K. and the Kid, as well as Driving Miss Daisy. The collection includes multiple awards commemorating her achievements, including the NAACP Eighth Image Award (statuette) for Best Actress In A Series (1974), the 20th Annual NAACP Image Awards 1987 Hall of Fame Award (statuette), the NAACP Image Award (statuette) 1973 Best T.V. Actress Series, and the 1978-1979 Emmy Award (statuette) for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited Series or a Special – Summer of My German Soldier, October 30, 1978 – NBC."],"names_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections"],"corpname_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":332,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870838778311999488,"_root_":"fc68935be80e6d2bf630694c","timestamp":"2026-07-16T03:01:33.003Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/fc68935be80e6d2bf630694c_aspace_34b7c2658a530ae1db3d6b9adc79af8e"}},{"id":"febc0b2945e082040f8df62a_aspace_29395","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"NYO NJO die Nasionale Jeugorkes The National Youth Orchestra, 1981","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/febc0b2945e082040f8df62a_aspace_29395#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_29395","ref_ssm":["aspace_29395","aspace_29395"],"id":"febc0b2945e082040f8df62a_aspace_29395","title_filing_ssi":"NYO NJO die Nasionale Jeugorkes The National Youth Orchestra ","title_ssm":["NYO NJO die Nasionale Jeugorkes The National Youth Orchestra "],"title_tesim":["NYO NJO die Nasionale Jeugorkes The National Youth Orchestra "],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1981"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1981"],"normalized_title_ssm":["NYO NJO die Nasionale Jeugorkes The National Youth Orchestra, 1981"],"text":["NYO NJO die Nasionale Jeugorkes The National Youth Orchestra, 1981","Alberto Bolet Collection, 1957-1998","Box 6","Folder 8","/repositories/2/archival_objects/71053","box 6","folder 8"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["febc0b2945e082040f8df62a","febc0b2945e082040f8df62a_aspace_63ccdc1e72800f8810865a745a1146c2"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Alberto Bolet Collection, 1957-1998","Box 6"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Alberto Bolet Collection, 1957-1998","Box 6"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Other level"],"unitid_ssm":["Folder 8","/repositories/2/archival_objects/71053"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Alberto Bolet Collection, 1957-1998"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":64,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"date_range_isim":[1981],"containers_ssim":["box 6","folder 8"],"_nest_path_":"/components#5/components#7","_nest_parent_":"febc0b2945e082040f8df62a_aspace_63ccdc1e72800f8810865a745a1146c2","_root_":"febc0b2945e082040f8df62a","timestamp":"2026-07-08T02:41:46.449Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"febc0b2945e082040f8df62a","title_ssm":["Alberto Bolet Collection"],"title_tesim":["Alberto Bolet Collection"],"ead_ssi":"febc0b2945e082040f8df62a","unitdate_ssm":["1957-1998"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1957-1998"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SPC5010","/repositories/2/resources/94"],"text":["SPC5010","/repositories/2/resources/94","Alberto Bolet Collection, 1957-1998","Musicians","Music","Composers","The collection is open for research.","The arrangement of the folders in each box is in alphabetical order.","Alberto Bolet is a legendary pianist and conductor born in Havana, Cuba, on September 10, 1905. In the 1920s, he learned to play the violin in Madrid before traveling to Paris to perform, as well as briefly in Budapest. Afterwards, he toured briefly as part of a musical trio across Europe and North Africa in the late 1920s and 1930s. In 1936 Bolet returned to Havana to found and organise CMZ, Cuba's first classical radio station. There, he acted as music director and conductor from 1937 to 1943, founding and running both the first radio symphony orchestra in Cuba. More than 300 concerts were broadcast on air in the first three years. He left Cuba in the late 1940s to coordinate orchestras across South America, such as the Ballet Espanol de Ana Maria. In 1951, he returned to Cuba and became music director of the Havana Philharmonic, a post he held until January 1959. Political conditions caused him to leave Cuba in February 1959, and he moved to Europe where he conducted a series of concerts in London and Germany, to later become director of the Bilbao Symphony, Spain. In 1968 was selected as musical director of the Long Beach Symphony, California, a position he held for ten years. He also acted as Professor of Music at the California State College at Fullerton and Guest Lecturer at the Institute of Lifetime Learning, Long Beach, California. Until his death on November 10, 1999, he was active in the musical community and conducted orchestras not just in South America, but the United States, England, Spain and France as well.","This collection contains composed works of Cuban-American musical conductor and musician Alberto Bolet. Additionally, the archive includes an original typewriter belonging to him, posters from various performances, photographs of him as well as performances, and personal correspondences.","Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general","FIU Special Collections","Bolet, Alberto","English Spanish; Castilian"],"unitid_tesim":["SPC5010","/repositories/2/resources/94"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1957-1998"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alberto Bolet Collection, 1957-1998"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alberto Bolet Collection, 1957-1998"],"collection_ssim":["Alberto Bolet Collection, 1957-1998"],"repository_ssm":["FIU Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Musicians","Music"],"geogname_ssim":["Musicians","Music"],"creator_ssm":["Bolet, Alberto"],"creator_ssim":["Bolet, Alberto"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Bolet, Alberto"],"creators_ssim":["Bolet, Alberto"],"places_ssim":["Musicians","Music"],"access_terms_ssm":["Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donation"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Composers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Composers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["8 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["8 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe arrangement of the folders in each box is in alphabetical order.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The arrangement of the folders in each box is in alphabetical order."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlberto Bolet is a legendary pianist and conductor born in Havana, Cuba, on September 10, 1905. In the 1920s, he learned to play the violin in Madrid before traveling to Paris to perform, as well as briefly in Budapest. Afterwards, he toured briefly as part of a musical trio across Europe and North Africa in the late 1920s and 1930s. In 1936 Bolet returned to Havana to found and organise CMZ, Cuba's first classical radio station. There, he acted as music director and conductor from 1937 to 1943, founding and running both the first radio symphony orchestra in Cuba. More than 300 concerts were broadcast on air in the first three years. He left Cuba in the late 1940s to coordinate orchestras across South America, such as the Ballet Espanol de Ana Maria. In 1951, he returned to Cuba and became music director of the Havana Philharmonic, a post he held until January 1959. Political conditions caused him to leave Cuba in February 1959, and he moved to Europe where he conducted a series of concerts in London and Germany, to later become director of the Bilbao Symphony, Spain. In 1968 was selected as musical director of the Long Beach Symphony, California, a position he held for ten years. He also acted as Professor of Music at the California State College at Fullerton and Guest Lecturer at the Institute of Lifetime Learning, Long Beach, California. Until his death on November 10, 1999, he was active in the musical community and conducted orchestras not just in South America, but the United States, England, Spain and France as well.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Alberto Bolet is a legendary pianist and conductor born in Havana, Cuba, on September 10, 1905. In the 1920s, he learned to play the violin in Madrid before traveling to Paris to perform, as well as briefly in Budapest. Afterwards, he toured briefly as part of a musical trio across Europe and North Africa in the late 1920s and 1930s. In 1936 Bolet returned to Havana to found and organise CMZ, Cuba's first classical radio station. There, he acted as music director and conductor from 1937 to 1943, founding and running both the first radio symphony orchestra in Cuba. More than 300 concerts were broadcast on air in the first three years. He left Cuba in the late 1940s to coordinate orchestras across South America, such as the Ballet Espanol de Ana Maria. In 1951, he returned to Cuba and became music director of the Havana Philharmonic, a post he held until January 1959. Political conditions caused him to leave Cuba in February 1959, and he moved to Europe where he conducted a series of concerts in London and Germany, to later become director of the Bilbao Symphony, Spain. In 1968 was selected as musical director of the Long Beach Symphony, California, a position he held for ten years. He also acted as Professor of Music at the California State College at Fullerton and Guest Lecturer at the Institute of Lifetime Learning, Long Beach, California. Until his death on November 10, 1999, he was active in the musical community and conducted orchestras not just in South America, but the United States, England, Spain and France as well."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains composed works of Cuban-American musical conductor and musician Alberto Bolet. Additionally, the archive includes an original typewriter belonging to him, posters from various performances, photographs of him as well as performances, and personal correspondences.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains composed works of Cuban-American musical conductor and musician Alberto Bolet. Additionally, the archive includes an original typewriter belonging to him, posters from various performances, photographs of him as well as performances, and personal correspondences."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRights: In copyright. 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Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"names_ssim":["FIU Special Collections","Bolet, Alberto"],"corpname_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Bolet, Alberto"],"language_ssim":["English Spanish; Castilian"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":85,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"febc0b2945e082040f8df62a","timestamp":"2026-07-08T02:41:46.449Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/febc0b2945e082040f8df62a_aspace_29395"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014","value":"Michael A. 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