{"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1979\u0026page=472\u0026view=compact","prev":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1979\u0026page=471\u0026view=compact","next":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1979\u0026page=473\u0026view=compact","last":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1979\u0026page=562\u0026view=compact"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":472,"next_page":473,"prev_page":471,"total_pages":562,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":4710,"total_count":5612,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_54292","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Smith, L. B. \"Notes on Bromeliaceae: XXXVIII-XL\", 1976-1979","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_54292#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_54292","ref_ssm":["aspace_54292","aspace_54292"],"id":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_54292","title_filing_ssi":"Smith, L. B. \"Notes on Bromeliaceae: XXXVIII-XL\"","title_ssm":["Smith, L. B. \"Notes on Bromeliaceae: XXXVIII-XL\""],"title_tesim":["Smith, L. B. \"Notes on Bromeliaceae: XXXVIII-XL\""],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1976-1979"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1976-1979"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Smith, L. B. \"Notes on Bromeliaceae: XXXVIII-XL\", 1976-1979"],"text":["Smith, L. B. \"Notes on Bromeliaceae: XXXVIII-XL\", 1976-1979","Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014","Author Files, 1754-1997.","Folder 2","/repositories/4/archival_objects/35554","box 127","folder 2"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_53072"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014","Author Files, 1754-1997."],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014","Author Files, 1754-1997."],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["Folder 2","/repositories/4/archival_objects/35554"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":2803,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The entire collection is open for research except for the following:\n\n  Boxes 180-181: Personal correspondence\n  Boxes 213-214: Manuscript of \"Brazil: Orchid of the Tropics\"\n"],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder."],"date_range_isim":[1976,1977,1978,1979],"containers_ssim":["box 127","folder 2"],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#1187","_nest_parent_":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_53072","_root_":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","timestamp":"2026-07-11T02:53:59.490Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","title_ssm":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection"],"title_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection"],"ead_ssi":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","unitdate_ssm":["1754-2014"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1754-2014"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 068","/repositories/4/resources/148"],"text":["SC 068","/repositories/4/resources/148","Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014","Marineland (Fla.)","Botany","Botany -- Brazil","Bromeliaceae","Bromelin","Cooking (Pineapples)","Pineapple","Plant hybridization","botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)","The entire collection is open for research except for the following:\n Boxes 180-181: Personal correspondence Boxes 213-214: Manuscript of \"Brazil: Orchid of the Tropics\"","The collection is divided into eight series by type of file.","Michael A. Spencer was born in Orlando and grew up in Winter Garden, Florida. He worked at Sand Hill Nursery near Lake Avalon and the Land of Bromeliads in Gotha before finding employment with Julian Nally. After the Nally estate was sold, Spencer worked for Racine Foster at Bromel-La. He graduated from UCF in 1990 summa cum laude with a BA in Liberal Studies and then found employment with Lyman B. Smith at the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History. Michael Spencer named a genus of bromeliads \"Racinaea\" in honor of Racine Foster. While engaged in his research, Spencer amassed this collection of materials concerning bromeliads and their collectors. He now lives in Frederick, Maryland where he has served on the Historic Preservation Commission since 2004.","Materials were rehoused in pH neutral folders and cartons. Photographs, negatives and slides were enclosed in polyester sleeves. Many of the materials were well organized and the arrangement was retained. The remainder were arranged by following the original arrangement as far as possible. Notes on folders were retained in the new folder. Paper clips were replaced with plastic clips or materials that belonged together were held together in a pH neutral paper sleeve. Loose-leaf notebooks that were badly rusted were discarded and the contents placed in folders. Items loose in the back of notebooks were foldered separately and marked accordingly. Notes from a film canister were written exactly as found as the label could not be removed. Albums falling apart were taken apart and foldered. Albums in reasonable condition had the photographs attached properly with corners and the pages interleaved to prevent sticking. Loose album pages in the Foster subseries on Plant Information were merely foldered as they were not in an album and were found without context. Collecion rehoused and finding aid revised by Chynna Thomas in 2023.","A large book collection accompanies this collection and may be accessed by performing a series search \"Michael A. Spencer Collection\" in the UCF Library  Online Catalog .  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Julian Nally ,  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Theodore Mead ,  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Henry Nehrling  and the  Henry Nehrling Papers  are also available in Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries. Some paintings by Mulford Foster are held at the  Harry P. Leu Gardens . The  Henry Nehrling Collection  and the  Theodore L. Mead Collection  are held at Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida. Lyman Smith's Papers are held at the  Smithsonian Institution Archives .","Series I: Mulford and Racine Foster Files, 1910-1991 documents the work of these two individuals in discovering and propagating bromeliads. Correspondence, publications, notebooks, drawings, research materials, memorabilia and photographs show all aspects of their work including plant collecting, landscape designing and publishing. Photographs may be black and white or color prints, negatives or slides. Additional materials about the Fosters may be found in Series II and III.","\nSeries II: Subject Files, 1880-2003 contains catalogues, journals, photographs, memorabilia and correspondence that Michael Spencer brought together under his chosen subject headings and arranged alphabetically. Many of the materials in this series originally came from Mulford and Racine Foster, which means that there is some overlap with the previous series. Spencer's own collecting interest lay in documenting the importance of bromeliads in society, and he collected many common items that showed bromeliads, especially pineapples.","\nSeries III: Author Files, 1754-1997 includes a variety of media used for research, such as articles, books, magazines, newspaper clippings, and photographs. There are a significant number of materials authored by Mulford and Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith, including original manuscripts.","\nSeries IV: Plants by Family Files, 1908-1990 contains alphabetical files on plant families, which include newspaper clippings, books and other research materials.","\nSeries V: Natural History Files, 1853-1997 holds alphabetical files on a wide range of natural history topics including plant societies, authors, drugs and diseases. The files contain published materials, photocopies, web resources, plant and geological samples that document's Michael's Spencer's considerable research interests.","\nSeries VI: Medicinal Files, 1988-1996 contains alphabetical files on diseases and therapies. Not all these files relate to plants though many of them concern natural therapies.","\nSeries VII: Lyman Smith Files: 1905-1994 holds alphabetical files that belonged to Lyman B. Smith. His notebooks, manscripts, teaching materials and correspondence may all be found here.","\nSeries VIII: Personal Files, 1863-2014 contains alphabetical files showing Spencer's interest in collecting books and his wide interests. Materials that do not clearly belong in the other series may be found here.","Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder.","Michael A. Spencer assembled this collection of publications, photographs, drawings, correspondence programs and other materials focusing on the discovery, taxonomy and cultivation of bromeliads. Mulford B. Foster, Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith are among the significant bromeliad collectors whose work is documented here.","UCF Special Collections","Bromeliad Society","Spencer, Michael A.","Smith, Lyman B.","Foster, Mulford B. (Mulford Bateman), 1888-1978","Foster, Racine, 1910-1991","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 068","/repositories/4/resources/148"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1754-2014"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014"],"collection_title_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014"],"collection_ssim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Marineland (Fla.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Marineland (Fla.)"],"creator_ssm":["Spencer, Michael A."],"creator_ssim":["Spencer, Michael A."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Spencer, Michael A."],"creators_ssim":["Spencer, Michael A."],"places_ssim":["Marineland (Fla.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Some of these materials were donated to and others were purchased by the University of Central Florida Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives from Michael A. Spencer in 2006 (CFM2006_09), 2011 (CFM2011_02), 2012 (CFM2012_10), and 2014 (CFM2014_01)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Botany","Botany -- Brazil","Bromeliaceae","Bromelin","Cooking (Pineapples)","Pineapple","Plant hybridization","botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Botany","Botany -- Brazil","Bromeliaceae","Bromelin","Cooking (Pineapples)","Pineapple","Plant hybridization","botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["130 Linear Feet 259 boxes, 2 flat files"],"extent_tesim":["130 Linear Feet 259 boxes, 2 flat files"],"genreform_ssim":["botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)"],"date_range_isim":[1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research except for the following:\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eBoxes 180-181: Personal correspondence\u003c/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eBoxes 213-214: Manuscript of \"Brazil: Orchid of the Tropics\"\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research except for the following:\n Boxes 180-181: Personal correspondence Boxes 213-214: Manuscript of \"Brazil: Orchid of the Tropics\""],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into eight series by type of file.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into eight series by type of file."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMichael A. Spencer was born in Orlando and grew up in Winter Garden, Florida. He worked at Sand Hill Nursery near Lake Avalon and the Land of Bromeliads in Gotha before finding employment with Julian Nally. After the Nally estate was sold, Spencer worked for Racine Foster at Bromel-La. He graduated from UCF in 1990 summa cum laude with a BA in Liberal Studies and then found employment with Lyman B. Smith at the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History. Michael Spencer named a genus of bromeliads \"Racinaea\" in honor of Racine Foster. While engaged in his research, Spencer amassed this collection of materials concerning bromeliads and their collectors. He now lives in Frederick, Maryland where he has served on the Historic Preservation Commission since 2004.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer was born in Orlando and grew up in Winter Garden, Florida. He worked at Sand Hill Nursery near Lake Avalon and the Land of Bromeliads in Gotha before finding employment with Julian Nally. After the Nally estate was sold, Spencer worked for Racine Foster at Bromel-La. He graduated from UCF in 1990 summa cum laude with a BA in Liberal Studies and then found employment with Lyman B. Smith at the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History. Michael Spencer named a genus of bromeliads \"Racinaea\" in honor of Racine Foster. While engaged in his research, Spencer amassed this collection of materials concerning bromeliads and their collectors. He now lives in Frederick, Maryland where he has served on the Historic Preservation Commission since 2004."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMichael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials were rehoused in pH neutral folders and cartons. Photographs, negatives and slides were enclosed in polyester sleeves. Many of the materials were well organized and the arrangement was retained. The remainder were arranged by following the original arrangement as far as possible. Notes on folders were retained in the new folder. Paper clips were replaced with plastic clips or materials that belonged together were held together in a pH neutral paper sleeve. Loose-leaf notebooks that were badly rusted were discarded and the contents placed in folders. Items loose in the back of notebooks were foldered separately and marked accordingly. Notes from a film canister were written exactly as found as the label could not be removed. Albums falling apart were taken apart and foldered. Albums in reasonable condition had the photographs attached properly with corners and the pages interleaved to prevent sticking. Loose album pages in the Foster subseries on Plant Information were merely foldered as they were not in an album and were found without context. Collecion rehoused and finding aid revised by Chynna Thomas in 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Materials were rehoused in pH neutral folders and cartons. Photographs, negatives and slides were enclosed in polyester sleeves. Many of the materials were well organized and the arrangement was retained. The remainder were arranged by following the original arrangement as far as possible. Notes on folders were retained in the new folder. Paper clips were replaced with plastic clips or materials that belonged together were held together in a pH neutral paper sleeve. Loose-leaf notebooks that were badly rusted were discarded and the contents placed in folders. Items loose in the back of notebooks were foldered separately and marked accordingly. Notes from a film canister were written exactly as found as the label could not be removed. Albums falling apart were taken apart and foldered. Albums in reasonable condition had the photographs attached properly with corners and the pages interleaved to prevent sticking. Loose album pages in the Foster subseries on Plant Information were merely foldered as they were not in an album and were found without context. Collecion rehoused and finding aid revised by Chynna Thomas in 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA large book collection accompanies this collection and may be accessed by performing a series search \"Michael A. Spencer Collection\" in the UCF Library \u003cextref href=\"https://library.ucf.edu\"\u003eOnline Catalog\u003c/extref\u003e. \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2006-08c\"\u003eMichael A. Spencer Collection on Julian Nally\u003c/extref\u003e, \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2006-08b\"\u003eMichael A. Spencer Collection on Theodore Mead\u003c/extref\u003e, \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2006-08a\"\u003eMichael A. Spencer Collection on Henry Nehrling\u003c/extref\u003e and the \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM1999-03\"\u003eHenry Nehrling Papers\u003c/extref\u003e are also available in Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries. Some paintings by Mulford Foster are held at the \u003cextref href=\"http://www.leugardens.org/\"\u003eHarry P. Leu Gardens\u003c/extref\u003e. The \u003cextref href=\"https://aspace.rollins.edu/repositories/2/resources/4\"\u003eHenry Nehrling Collection\u003c/extref\u003e and the \u003cextref href=\"https://aspace.rollins.edu/repositories/2/resources/97\"\u003eTheodore L. Mead Collection\u003c/extref\u003e are held at Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida. Lyman Smith's Papers are held at the \u003cextref href=\"http://siarchives.si.edu/\"\u003eSmithsonian Institution Archives\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["A large book collection accompanies this collection and may be accessed by performing a series search \"Michael A. Spencer Collection\" in the UCF Library  Online Catalog .  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Julian Nally ,  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Theodore Mead ,  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Henry Nehrling  and the  Henry Nehrling Papers  are also available in Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries. Some paintings by Mulford Foster are held at the  Harry P. Leu Gardens . The  Henry Nehrling Collection  and the  Theodore L. Mead Collection  are held at Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida. Lyman Smith's Papers are held at the  Smithsonian Institution Archives ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Mulford and Racine Foster Files, 1910-1991 documents the work of these two individuals in discovering and propagating bromeliads. Correspondence, publications, notebooks, drawings, research materials, memorabilia and photographs show all aspects of their work including plant collecting, landscape designing and publishing. Photographs may be black and white or color prints, negatives or slides. Additional materials about the Fosters may be found in Series II and III.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries II: Subject Files, 1880-2003 contains catalogues, journals, photographs, memorabilia and correspondence that Michael Spencer brought together under his chosen subject headings and arranged alphabetically. Many of the materials in this series originally came from Mulford and Racine Foster, which means that there is some overlap with the previous series. Spencer's own collecting interest lay in documenting the importance of bromeliads in society, and he collected many common items that showed bromeliads, especially pineapples.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries III: Author Files, 1754-1997 includes a variety of media used for research, such as articles, books, magazines, newspaper clippings, and photographs. There are a significant number of materials authored by Mulford and Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith, including original manuscripts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries IV: Plants by Family Files, 1908-1990 contains alphabetical files on plant families, which include newspaper clippings, books and other research materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries V: Natural History Files, 1853-1997 holds alphabetical files on a wide range of natural history topics including plant societies, authors, drugs and diseases. The files contain published materials, photocopies, web resources, plant and geological samples that document's Michael's Spencer's considerable research interests.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VI: Medicinal Files, 1988-1996 contains alphabetical files on diseases and therapies. Not all these files relate to plants though many of them concern natural therapies.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VII: Lyman Smith Files: 1905-1994 holds alphabetical files that belonged to Lyman B. Smith. His notebooks, manscripts, teaching materials and correspondence may all be found here.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VIII: Personal Files, 1863-2014 contains alphabetical files showing Spencer's interest in collecting books and his wide interests. Materials that do not clearly belong in the other series may be found here.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Series I: Mulford and Racine Foster Files, 1910-1991 documents the work of these two individuals in discovering and propagating bromeliads. Correspondence, publications, notebooks, drawings, research materials, memorabilia and photographs show all aspects of their work including plant collecting, landscape designing and publishing. Photographs may be black and white or color prints, negatives or slides. Additional materials about the Fosters may be found in Series II and III.","\nSeries II: Subject Files, 1880-2003 contains catalogues, journals, photographs, memorabilia and correspondence that Michael Spencer brought together under his chosen subject headings and arranged alphabetically. Many of the materials in this series originally came from Mulford and Racine Foster, which means that there is some overlap with the previous series. Spencer's own collecting interest lay in documenting the importance of bromeliads in society, and he collected many common items that showed bromeliads, especially pineapples.","\nSeries III: Author Files, 1754-1997 includes a variety of media used for research, such as articles, books, magazines, newspaper clippings, and photographs. There are a significant number of materials authored by Mulford and Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith, including original manuscripts.","\nSeries IV: Plants by Family Files, 1908-1990 contains alphabetical files on plant families, which include newspaper clippings, books and other research materials.","\nSeries V: Natural History Files, 1853-1997 holds alphabetical files on a wide range of natural history topics including plant societies, authors, drugs and diseases. The files contain published materials, photocopies, web resources, plant and geological samples that document's Michael's Spencer's considerable research interests.","\nSeries VI: Medicinal Files, 1988-1996 contains alphabetical files on diseases and therapies. Not all these files relate to plants though many of them concern natural therapies.","\nSeries VII: Lyman Smith Files: 1905-1994 holds alphabetical files that belonged to Lyman B. Smith. His notebooks, manscripts, teaching materials and correspondence may all be found here.","\nSeries VIII: Personal Files, 1863-2014 contains alphabetical files showing Spencer's interest in collecting books and his wide interests. Materials that do not clearly belong in the other series may be found here."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Copyright Statement"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_8e33310d6b1a70e4d88f1e2d3043cf71\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eMichael A. Spencer assembled this collection of publications, photographs, drawings, correspondence programs and other materials focusing on the discovery, taxonomy and cultivation of bromeliads. Mulford B. Foster, Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith are among the significant bromeliad collectors whose work is documented here.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer assembled this collection of publications, photographs, drawings, correspondence programs and other materials focusing on the discovery, taxonomy and cultivation of bromeliads. Mulford B. Foster, Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith are among the significant bromeliad collectors whose work is documented here."],"names_coll_ssim":["Bromeliad Society","Smith, Lyman B.","Foster, Mulford B. (Mulford Bateman), 1888-1978","Foster, Racine, 1910-1991"],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Bromeliad Society","Spencer, Michael A.","Smith, Lyman B.","Foster, Mulford B. (Mulford Bateman), 1888-1978","Foster, Racine, 1910-1991"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Bromeliad Society"],"persname_ssim":["Spencer, Michael A.","Smith, Lyman B.","Foster, Mulford B. (Mulford Bateman), 1888-1978","Foster, Racine, 1910-1991"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3662,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","timestamp":"2026-07-11T02:53:59.490Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_54292"}},{"id":"a4139c0e978fb933f9dbd0a0_aspace_64b318d3907f7df3ace82b2354dbd31f","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Smith Property (N ½ Section 1, Township 34 South), 1979-1982","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/a4139c0e978fb933f9dbd0a0_aspace_64b318d3907f7df3ace82b2354dbd31f#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eFolder includes correspondence, legal documents, deeds, easements, and maps.  \u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/a4139c0e978fb933f9dbd0a0_aspace_64b318d3907f7df3ace82b2354dbd31f#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_64b318d3907f7df3ace82b2354dbd31f","ref_ssm":["aspace_64b318d3907f7df3ace82b2354dbd31f","aspace_64b318d3907f7df3ace82b2354dbd31f"],"id":"a4139c0e978fb933f9dbd0a0_aspace_64b318d3907f7df3ace82b2354dbd31f","title_filing_ssi":"Smith Property (N ½ Section 1, Township 34 South)","title_ssm":["Smith Property (N ½ Section 1, Township 34 South)"],"title_tesim":["Smith Property (N ½ Section 1, Township 34 South)"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1979-1982"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1979-1982"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Smith Property (N ½ Section 1, Township 34 South), 1979-1982"],"text":["Smith Property (N ½ Section 1, Township 34 South), 1979-1982","National Audubon Society Okeechobee/Kissimmee and Chandler Warden records, 1884-2004, Acquired: 04/01/2016, bulk 1936-2004","Photographs - Visitor Program","Folder 9","/repositories/2/archival_objects/209472","box 11","folder 9","Folder includes correspondence, legal documents, deeds, easements, and maps.  "],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["a4139c0e978fb933f9dbd0a0","a4139c0e978fb933f9dbd0a0_aspace_baf3de34efdde19e49d7d70a36d5b494"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["National Audubon Society Okeechobee/Kissimmee and Chandler Warden records, 1884-2004, Acquired: 04/01/2016, bulk 1936-2004","Photographs - Visitor Program"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["National Audubon Society Okeechobee/Kissimmee and Chandler Warden records, 1884-2004, Acquired: 04/01/2016, bulk 1936-2004","Photographs - Visitor Program"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Box"],"unitid_ssm":["Folder 9","/repositories/2/archival_objects/209472"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["National Audubon Society Okeechobee/Kissimmee and Chandler Warden records, 1884-2004, Acquired: 04/01/2016, bulk 1936-2004"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":170,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Until 1934, USF Libraries must provide 90 day notice to FAS in advance of any exhibition or cultural activity initiated by USF Libraries in which the sole focus of the exhibition or activity is the FAS."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information."],"date_range_isim":[1979,1980,1981,1982],"containers_ssim":["box 11","folder 9"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFolder includes correspondence, legal documents, deeds, easements, and maps.\u0026#xA0;\u0026#xA0;\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Folder includes correspondence, legal documents, deeds, easements, and maps.  "],"_nest_path_":"/components#10/components#8","_nest_parent_":"a4139c0e978fb933f9dbd0a0_aspace_baf3de34efdde19e49d7d70a36d5b494","_root_":"a4139c0e978fb933f9dbd0a0","_version_":1881013021982064640,"timestamp":"2026-11-05T10:16:47.885Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"a4139c0e978fb933f9dbd0a0","title_ssm":["National Audubon Society Okeechobee/Kissimmee and Chandler Warden records"],"title_tesim":["National Audubon Society Okeechobee/Kissimmee and Chandler Warden records"],"ead_ssi":"a4139c0e978fb933f9dbd0a0","unitdate_ssm":["1884-2004","1936-2004","Acquired: 04/01/2016"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1936-2004"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1884-2004"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Acquired: 04/01/2016"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-2016-08","/repositories/2/resources/29"],"text":["MS-2016-08","/repositories/2/resources/29","National Audubon Society Okeechobee/Kissimmee and Chandler Warden records, 1884-2004, Acquired: 04/01/2016, bulk 1936-2004","Kissimmee River Valley (Fla.) -- Conservation","Watershed hydrology -- Conservation","Grassland conservation","Ranchers -- Law and legislation -- Florida","Ornithology -- Fieldwork","Birds -- Habitat -- Florida","Until 1934, USF Libraries must provide 90 day notice to FAS in advance of any exhibition or cultural activity initiated by USF Libraries in which the sole focus of the exhibition or activity is the FAS.","Audubon Florida obtained the property in Lorida / Kissimmee Prairie in 1980, but wardens had been supervising the site since the 1930s.","This collection consists of organizational papers of the Florida Audubon and National Audubon Society, including warden reports, scientific data, published studies, correspondence, photographs, maps, clippings, and legal papers.","None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information.","National Audubon Society Okeechobee/Kissimmee and Chandler Warden records consist of papers of wardens and Florida Audubon and National Audubon Society representatives who worked on the land around Kissimmee Prairie Preserve State Park in Okeechobee County, Florida, as well as Lorida. Included are the field notes and reports of Roderick, Marvin, and Roy Chandler, who patrolled the area. The collection focuses on reports of birds and wildlife, legal matters related to surface water and its effects on nesting patterns of the Florida Grasshopper Sparrow, hydrology data, and land management.","USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Florida Audubon Society","National Audubon Society","South Florida Water Management District (Fla.)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-2016-08","/repositories/2/resources/29"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1884-2004, Acquired: 04/01/2016, bulk 1936-2004"],"normalized_title_ssm":["National Audubon Society Okeechobee/Kissimmee and Chandler Warden records, 1884-2004, Acquired: 04/01/2016, bulk 1936-2004"],"collection_title_tesim":["National Audubon Society Okeechobee/Kissimmee and Chandler Warden records, 1884-2004, Acquired: 04/01/2016, bulk 1936-2004"],"collection_ssim":["National Audubon Society Okeechobee/Kissimmee and Chandler Warden records, 1884-2004, Acquired: 04/01/2016, bulk 1936-2004"],"repository_ssm":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Kissimmee River Valley (Fla.) -- Conservation"],"geogname_ssim":["Kissimmee River Valley (Fla.) -- Conservation"],"creator_ssm":["Florida Audubon Society"],"creator_ssim":["Florida Audubon Society"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Florida Audubon Society"],"creators_ssim":["Florida Audubon Society"],"places_ssim":["Kissimmee River Valley (Fla.) -- Conservation"],"access_terms_ssm":["None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Audubon Society of Florida / Paul Gray","Donation."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Watershed hydrology -- Conservation","Grassland conservation","Ranchers -- Law and legislation -- Florida","Ornithology -- Fieldwork","Birds -- Habitat -- Florida"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Watershed hydrology -- Conservation","Grassland conservation","Ranchers -- Law and legislation -- Florida","Ornithology -- Fieldwork","Birds -- Habitat -- Florida"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["6.25 Linear Feet","13 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["6.25 Linear Feet","13 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUntil 1934, USF Libraries must provide 90 day notice to FAS in advance of any exhibition or cultural activity initiated by USF Libraries in which the sole focus of the exhibition or activity is the FAS.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Until 1934, USF Libraries must provide 90 day notice to FAS in advance of any exhibition or cultural activity initiated by USF Libraries in which the sole focus of the exhibition or activity is the FAS."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAudubon Florida obtained the property in Lorida / Kissimmee Prairie in 1980, but wardens had been supervising the site since the 1930s.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Audubon Florida obtained the property in Lorida / Kissimmee Prairie in 1980, but wardens had been supervising the site since the 1930s."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNational Audubon Society Okeechobee/Kissimmee and Chandler Warden records, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.\u0026#xA0;\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["National Audubon Society Okeechobee/Kissimmee and Chandler Warden records, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL. "],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of organizational papers of the Florida Audubon and National Audubon Society, including warden reports, scientific data, published studies, correspondence, photographs, maps, clippings, and legal papers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of organizational papers of the Florida Audubon and National Audubon Society, including warden reports, scientific data, published studies, correspondence, photographs, maps, clippings, and legal papers."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone.\u0026#xA0;The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.\u0026#xA0; Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at \u003cextref href=\"http://www.copyright.gov/\"\u003ehttp://www.copyright.gov/\u003c/extref\u003e for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ff8bd100c9ed6839db18444ca82c6441\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eNational Audubon Society Okeechobee/Kissimmee and Chandler Warden records consist of papers of wardens and Florida Audubon and National Audubon Society representatives who worked on the land around Kissimmee Prairie Preserve State Park in Okeechobee County, Florida, as well as Lorida. Included are the field notes and reports of Roderick, Marvin, and Roy Chandler, who patrolled the area. The collection focuses on reports of birds and wildlife, legal matters related to surface water and its effects on nesting patterns of the Florida Grasshopper Sparrow, hydrology data, and land management.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["National Audubon Society Okeechobee/Kissimmee and Chandler Warden records consist of papers of wardens and Florida Audubon and National Audubon Society representatives who worked on the land around Kissimmee Prairie Preserve State Park in Okeechobee County, Florida, as well as Lorida. Included are the field notes and reports of Roderick, Marvin, and Roy Chandler, who patrolled the area. The collection focuses on reports of birds and wildlife, legal matters related to surface water and its effects on nesting patterns of the Florida Grasshopper Sparrow, hydrology data, and land management."],"names_coll_ssim":["Florida Audubon Society","National Audubon Society","South Florida Water Management District (Fla.)"],"names_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Florida Audubon Society","National Audubon Society","South Florida Water Management District (Fla.)"],"corpname_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Florida Audubon Society","National Audubon Society","South Florida Water Management District (Fla.)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":231,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1881013021982064640,"_root_":"a4139c0e978fb933f9dbd0a0","timestamp":"2026-11-05T10:16:47.885Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/a4139c0e978fb933f9dbd0a0_aspace_64b318d3907f7df3ace82b2354dbd31f"}},{"id":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_52600","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Snakes and Insects, 1960-1985","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_52600#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_52600","ref_ssm":["aspace_52600","aspace_52600"],"id":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_52600","title_filing_ssi":"Snakes and Insects","title_ssm":["Snakes and Insects"],"title_tesim":["Snakes and Insects"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1960-1985"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1960-1985"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Snakes and Insects, 1960-1985"],"text":["Snakes and Insects, 1960-1985","Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014","Mulford and Racine Foster Files, 1910-1991","Personal Information, 1910-1989.","Photographs, 1910-1989","Folder 14","/repositories/4/archival_objects/33112","box 38","folder 14"],"component_level_isim":[4],"parent_ids_ssim":["4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_51261","4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_52534","4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_52570"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014","Mulford and Racine Foster Files, 1910-1991","Personal Information, 1910-1989.","Photographs, 1910-1989"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014","Mulford and Racine Foster Files, 1910-1991","Personal Information, 1910-1989.","Photographs, 1910-1989"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Subseries","File"],"unitid_ssm":["Folder 14","/repositories/4/archival_objects/33112"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":1211,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The entire collection is open for research except for the following:\n\n  Boxes 180-181: Personal correspondence\n  Boxes 213-214: Manuscript of \"Brazil: Orchid of the Tropics\"\n"],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder."],"date_range_isim":[1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985],"containers_ssim":["box 38","folder 14"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#13/components#21/components#21","_nest_parent_":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_52570","_root_":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","timestamp":"2026-07-11T02:53:59.490Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","title_ssm":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection"],"title_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection"],"ead_ssi":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","unitdate_ssm":["1754-2014"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1754-2014"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 068","/repositories/4/resources/148"],"text":["SC 068","/repositories/4/resources/148","Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014","Marineland (Fla.)","Botany","Botany -- Brazil","Bromeliaceae","Bromelin","Cooking (Pineapples)","Pineapple","Plant hybridization","botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)","The entire collection is open for research except for the following:\n Boxes 180-181: Personal correspondence Boxes 213-214: Manuscript of \"Brazil: Orchid of the Tropics\"","The collection is divided into eight series by type of file.","Michael A. Spencer was born in Orlando and grew up in Winter Garden, Florida. He worked at Sand Hill Nursery near Lake Avalon and the Land of Bromeliads in Gotha before finding employment with Julian Nally. After the Nally estate was sold, Spencer worked for Racine Foster at Bromel-La. He graduated from UCF in 1990 summa cum laude with a BA in Liberal Studies and then found employment with Lyman B. Smith at the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History. Michael Spencer named a genus of bromeliads \"Racinaea\" in honor of Racine Foster. While engaged in his research, Spencer amassed this collection of materials concerning bromeliads and their collectors. He now lives in Frederick, Maryland where he has served on the Historic Preservation Commission since 2004.","Materials were rehoused in pH neutral folders and cartons. Photographs, negatives and slides were enclosed in polyester sleeves. Many of the materials were well organized and the arrangement was retained. The remainder were arranged by following the original arrangement as far as possible. Notes on folders were retained in the new folder. Paper clips were replaced with plastic clips or materials that belonged together were held together in a pH neutral paper sleeve. Loose-leaf notebooks that were badly rusted were discarded and the contents placed in folders. Items loose in the back of notebooks were foldered separately and marked accordingly. Notes from a film canister were written exactly as found as the label could not be removed. Albums falling apart were taken apart and foldered. Albums in reasonable condition had the photographs attached properly with corners and the pages interleaved to prevent sticking. Loose album pages in the Foster subseries on Plant Information were merely foldered as they were not in an album and were found without context. Collecion rehoused and finding aid revised by Chynna Thomas in 2023.","A large book collection accompanies this collection and may be accessed by performing a series search \"Michael A. Spencer Collection\" in the UCF Library  Online Catalog .  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Julian Nally ,  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Theodore Mead ,  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Henry Nehrling  and the  Henry Nehrling Papers  are also available in Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries. Some paintings by Mulford Foster are held at the  Harry P. Leu Gardens . The  Henry Nehrling Collection  and the  Theodore L. Mead Collection  are held at Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida. Lyman Smith's Papers are held at the  Smithsonian Institution Archives .","Series I: Mulford and Racine Foster Files, 1910-1991 documents the work of these two individuals in discovering and propagating bromeliads. Correspondence, publications, notebooks, drawings, research materials, memorabilia and photographs show all aspects of their work including plant collecting, landscape designing and publishing. Photographs may be black and white or color prints, negatives or slides. Additional materials about the Fosters may be found in Series II and III.","\nSeries II: Subject Files, 1880-2003 contains catalogues, journals, photographs, memorabilia and correspondence that Michael Spencer brought together under his chosen subject headings and arranged alphabetically. Many of the materials in this series originally came from Mulford and Racine Foster, which means that there is some overlap with the previous series. Spencer's own collecting interest lay in documenting the importance of bromeliads in society, and he collected many common items that showed bromeliads, especially pineapples.","\nSeries III: Author Files, 1754-1997 includes a variety of media used for research, such as articles, books, magazines, newspaper clippings, and photographs. There are a significant number of materials authored by Mulford and Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith, including original manuscripts.","\nSeries IV: Plants by Family Files, 1908-1990 contains alphabetical files on plant families, which include newspaper clippings, books and other research materials.","\nSeries V: Natural History Files, 1853-1997 holds alphabetical files on a wide range of natural history topics including plant societies, authors, drugs and diseases. The files contain published materials, photocopies, web resources, plant and geological samples that document's Michael's Spencer's considerable research interests.","\nSeries VI: Medicinal Files, 1988-1996 contains alphabetical files on diseases and therapies. Not all these files relate to plants though many of them concern natural therapies.","\nSeries VII: Lyman Smith Files: 1905-1994 holds alphabetical files that belonged to Lyman B. Smith. His notebooks, manscripts, teaching materials and correspondence may all be found here.","\nSeries VIII: Personal Files, 1863-2014 contains alphabetical files showing Spencer's interest in collecting books and his wide interests. Materials that do not clearly belong in the other series may be found here.","Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder.","Michael A. Spencer assembled this collection of publications, photographs, drawings, correspondence programs and other materials focusing on the discovery, taxonomy and cultivation of bromeliads. Mulford B. Foster, Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith are among the significant bromeliad collectors whose work is documented here.","UCF Special Collections","Bromeliad Society","Spencer, Michael A.","Smith, Lyman B.","Foster, Mulford B. (Mulford Bateman), 1888-1978","Foster, Racine, 1910-1991","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 068","/repositories/4/resources/148"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1754-2014"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014"],"collection_title_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014"],"collection_ssim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Marineland (Fla.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Marineland (Fla.)"],"creator_ssm":["Spencer, Michael A."],"creator_ssim":["Spencer, Michael A."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Spencer, Michael A."],"creators_ssim":["Spencer, Michael A."],"places_ssim":["Marineland (Fla.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Some of these materials were donated to and others were purchased by the University of Central Florida Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives from Michael A. Spencer in 2006 (CFM2006_09), 2011 (CFM2011_02), 2012 (CFM2012_10), and 2014 (CFM2014_01)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Botany","Botany -- Brazil","Bromeliaceae","Bromelin","Cooking (Pineapples)","Pineapple","Plant hybridization","botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Botany","Botany -- Brazil","Bromeliaceae","Bromelin","Cooking (Pineapples)","Pineapple","Plant hybridization","botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["130 Linear Feet 259 boxes, 2 flat files"],"extent_tesim":["130 Linear Feet 259 boxes, 2 flat files"],"genreform_ssim":["botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)"],"date_range_isim":[1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research except for the following:\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eBoxes 180-181: Personal correspondence\u003c/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eBoxes 213-214: Manuscript of \"Brazil: Orchid of the Tropics\"\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research except for the following:\n Boxes 180-181: Personal correspondence Boxes 213-214: Manuscript of \"Brazil: Orchid of the Tropics\""],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into eight series by type of file.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into eight series by type of file."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMichael A. Spencer was born in Orlando and grew up in Winter Garden, Florida. He worked at Sand Hill Nursery near Lake Avalon and the Land of Bromeliads in Gotha before finding employment with Julian Nally. After the Nally estate was sold, Spencer worked for Racine Foster at Bromel-La. He graduated from UCF in 1990 summa cum laude with a BA in Liberal Studies and then found employment with Lyman B. Smith at the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History. Michael Spencer named a genus of bromeliads \"Racinaea\" in honor of Racine Foster. While engaged in his research, Spencer amassed this collection of materials concerning bromeliads and their collectors. He now lives in Frederick, Maryland where he has served on the Historic Preservation Commission since 2004.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer was born in Orlando and grew up in Winter Garden, Florida. He worked at Sand Hill Nursery near Lake Avalon and the Land of Bromeliads in Gotha before finding employment with Julian Nally. After the Nally estate was sold, Spencer worked for Racine Foster at Bromel-La. He graduated from UCF in 1990 summa cum laude with a BA in Liberal Studies and then found employment with Lyman B. Smith at the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History. Michael Spencer named a genus of bromeliads \"Racinaea\" in honor of Racine Foster. While engaged in his research, Spencer amassed this collection of materials concerning bromeliads and their collectors. He now lives in Frederick, Maryland where he has served on the Historic Preservation Commission since 2004."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMichael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials were rehoused in pH neutral folders and cartons. Photographs, negatives and slides were enclosed in polyester sleeves. Many of the materials were well organized and the arrangement was retained. The remainder were arranged by following the original arrangement as far as possible. Notes on folders were retained in the new folder. Paper clips were replaced with plastic clips or materials that belonged together were held together in a pH neutral paper sleeve. Loose-leaf notebooks that were badly rusted were discarded and the contents placed in folders. Items loose in the back of notebooks were foldered separately and marked accordingly. Notes from a film canister were written exactly as found as the label could not be removed. Albums falling apart were taken apart and foldered. Albums in reasonable condition had the photographs attached properly with corners and the pages interleaved to prevent sticking. Loose album pages in the Foster subseries on Plant Information were merely foldered as they were not in an album and were found without context. Collecion rehoused and finding aid revised by Chynna Thomas in 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Materials were rehoused in pH neutral folders and cartons. Photographs, negatives and slides were enclosed in polyester sleeves. Many of the materials were well organized and the arrangement was retained. The remainder were arranged by following the original arrangement as far as possible. Notes on folders were retained in the new folder. Paper clips were replaced with plastic clips or materials that belonged together were held together in a pH neutral paper sleeve. Loose-leaf notebooks that were badly rusted were discarded and the contents placed in folders. Items loose in the back of notebooks were foldered separately and marked accordingly. Notes from a film canister were written exactly as found as the label could not be removed. Albums falling apart were taken apart and foldered. Albums in reasonable condition had the photographs attached properly with corners and the pages interleaved to prevent sticking. Loose album pages in the Foster subseries on Plant Information were merely foldered as they were not in an album and were found without context. Collecion rehoused and finding aid revised by Chynna Thomas in 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA large book collection accompanies this collection and may be accessed by performing a series search \"Michael A. Spencer Collection\" in the UCF Library \u003cextref href=\"https://library.ucf.edu\"\u003eOnline Catalog\u003c/extref\u003e. \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2006-08c\"\u003eMichael A. Spencer Collection on Julian Nally\u003c/extref\u003e, \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2006-08b\"\u003eMichael A. Spencer Collection on Theodore Mead\u003c/extref\u003e, \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2006-08a\"\u003eMichael A. Spencer Collection on Henry Nehrling\u003c/extref\u003e and the \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM1999-03\"\u003eHenry Nehrling Papers\u003c/extref\u003e are also available in Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries. Some paintings by Mulford Foster are held at the \u003cextref href=\"http://www.leugardens.org/\"\u003eHarry P. Leu Gardens\u003c/extref\u003e. The \u003cextref href=\"https://aspace.rollins.edu/repositories/2/resources/4\"\u003eHenry Nehrling Collection\u003c/extref\u003e and the \u003cextref href=\"https://aspace.rollins.edu/repositories/2/resources/97\"\u003eTheodore L. Mead Collection\u003c/extref\u003e are held at Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida. Lyman Smith's Papers are held at the \u003cextref href=\"http://siarchives.si.edu/\"\u003eSmithsonian Institution Archives\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["A large book collection accompanies this collection and may be accessed by performing a series search \"Michael A. Spencer Collection\" in the UCF Library  Online Catalog .  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Julian Nally ,  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Theodore Mead ,  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Henry Nehrling  and the  Henry Nehrling Papers  are also available in Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries. Some paintings by Mulford Foster are held at the  Harry P. Leu Gardens . The  Henry Nehrling Collection  and the  Theodore L. Mead Collection  are held at Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida. Lyman Smith's Papers are held at the  Smithsonian Institution Archives ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Mulford and Racine Foster Files, 1910-1991 documents the work of these two individuals in discovering and propagating bromeliads. Correspondence, publications, notebooks, drawings, research materials, memorabilia and photographs show all aspects of their work including plant collecting, landscape designing and publishing. Photographs may be black and white or color prints, negatives or slides. Additional materials about the Fosters may be found in Series II and III.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries II: Subject Files, 1880-2003 contains catalogues, journals, photographs, memorabilia and correspondence that Michael Spencer brought together under his chosen subject headings and arranged alphabetically. Many of the materials in this series originally came from Mulford and Racine Foster, which means that there is some overlap with the previous series. Spencer's own collecting interest lay in documenting the importance of bromeliads in society, and he collected many common items that showed bromeliads, especially pineapples.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries III: Author Files, 1754-1997 includes a variety of media used for research, such as articles, books, magazines, newspaper clippings, and photographs. There are a significant number of materials authored by Mulford and Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith, including original manuscripts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries IV: Plants by Family Files, 1908-1990 contains alphabetical files on plant families, which include newspaper clippings, books and other research materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries V: Natural History Files, 1853-1997 holds alphabetical files on a wide range of natural history topics including plant societies, authors, drugs and diseases. The files contain published materials, photocopies, web resources, plant and geological samples that document's Michael's Spencer's considerable research interests.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VI: Medicinal Files, 1988-1996 contains alphabetical files on diseases and therapies. Not all these files relate to plants though many of them concern natural therapies.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VII: Lyman Smith Files: 1905-1994 holds alphabetical files that belonged to Lyman B. Smith. His notebooks, manscripts, teaching materials and correspondence may all be found here.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VIII: Personal Files, 1863-2014 contains alphabetical files showing Spencer's interest in collecting books and his wide interests. Materials that do not clearly belong in the other series may be found here.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Series I: Mulford and Racine Foster Files, 1910-1991 documents the work of these two individuals in discovering and propagating bromeliads. Correspondence, publications, notebooks, drawings, research materials, memorabilia and photographs show all aspects of their work including plant collecting, landscape designing and publishing. Photographs may be black and white or color prints, negatives or slides. Additional materials about the Fosters may be found in Series II and III.","\nSeries II: Subject Files, 1880-2003 contains catalogues, journals, photographs, memorabilia and correspondence that Michael Spencer brought together under his chosen subject headings and arranged alphabetically. Many of the materials in this series originally came from Mulford and Racine Foster, which means that there is some overlap with the previous series. Spencer's own collecting interest lay in documenting the importance of bromeliads in society, and he collected many common items that showed bromeliads, especially pineapples.","\nSeries III: Author Files, 1754-1997 includes a variety of media used for research, such as articles, books, magazines, newspaper clippings, and photographs. There are a significant number of materials authored by Mulford and Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith, including original manuscripts.","\nSeries IV: Plants by Family Files, 1908-1990 contains alphabetical files on plant families, which include newspaper clippings, books and other research materials.","\nSeries V: Natural History Files, 1853-1997 holds alphabetical files on a wide range of natural history topics including plant societies, authors, drugs and diseases. The files contain published materials, photocopies, web resources, plant and geological samples that document's Michael's Spencer's considerable research interests.","\nSeries VI: Medicinal Files, 1988-1996 contains alphabetical files on diseases and therapies. Not all these files relate to plants though many of them concern natural therapies.","\nSeries VII: Lyman Smith Files: 1905-1994 holds alphabetical files that belonged to Lyman B. Smith. His notebooks, manscripts, teaching materials and correspondence may all be found here.","\nSeries VIII: Personal Files, 1863-2014 contains alphabetical files showing Spencer's interest in collecting books and his wide interests. Materials that do not clearly belong in the other series may be found here."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Copyright Statement"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_8e33310d6b1a70e4d88f1e2d3043cf71\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eMichael A. Spencer assembled this collection of publications, photographs, drawings, correspondence programs and other materials focusing on the discovery, taxonomy and cultivation of bromeliads. Mulford B. Foster, Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith are among the significant bromeliad collectors whose work is documented here.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer assembled this collection of publications, photographs, drawings, correspondence programs and other materials focusing on the discovery, taxonomy and cultivation of bromeliads. Mulford B. Foster, Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith are among the significant bromeliad collectors whose work is documented here."],"names_coll_ssim":["Bromeliad Society","Smith, Lyman B.","Foster, Mulford B. (Mulford Bateman), 1888-1978","Foster, Racine, 1910-1991"],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Bromeliad Society","Spencer, Michael A.","Smith, Lyman B.","Foster, Mulford B. (Mulford Bateman), 1888-1978","Foster, Racine, 1910-1991"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Bromeliad Society"],"persname_ssim":["Spencer, Michael A.","Smith, Lyman B.","Foster, Mulford B. (Mulford Bateman), 1888-1978","Foster, Racine, 1910-1991"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3662,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","timestamp":"2026-07-11T02:53:59.490Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_52600"}},{"id":"c4d441333fb68d56823f935d","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Snodgrass Collection, 1871-1985, Date acquired: 07/00/1985","creator":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/c4d441333fb68d56823f935d#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["Snodgrass, Dena E."],"label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/c4d441333fb68d56823f935d#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003ePapers, 1891-9185, pertaining to the Snodgrass family of Bagdad, Florida including deeds and purchases of land, descriptions and drawing of home, visits of Florida Governors to the town, and related materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/c4d441333fb68d56823f935d#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"c4d441333fb68d56823f935d","title_ssm":["Snodgrass Collection"],"title_tesim":["Snodgrass Collection"],"ead_ssi":"c4d441333fb68d56823f935d","unitdate_ssm":["1871-1985","Date acquired: 07/00/1985"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1871-1985"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 07/00/1985"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M1985-04","/repositories/2/resources/4"],"text":["M1985-04","/repositories/2/resources/4","Snodgrass Collection, 1871-1985, Date acquired: 07/00/1985","Bagdad (Fla.)--History.","Blackwater (Fla.)--History.","Florida--Governors.","Calligraphy.","Simpson and Company.","Open to researchers, dependent on our compliance with U.S. Copyright Law, HIPPA requirements, donor agreements and other applicable state and federal statutes.  Occasionally we may need to review a collection before permitting immediate access.","Chronological within each folder.","Revised 04/29/2004","Cataloged 07/25/1985","Papers, 1891-9185, pertaining to the Snodgrass family of Bagdad, Florida including deeds and purchases of land, descriptions and drawing of home, visits of Florida Governors to the town, and related materials.","NOTE:  Some of the items in the collection show the attempt to rename the town in the 1880s from Bagdad to Blackwater and back.  Snodgrass property included purchases from the Bagdad Sash Factory Company.","Digital photography, scanning, and photocopying of materials is prohibited.  Permission may be granted by the Special Collections Librarian for such reprography dependent on issues of copyright, ownership, condition, donor agreements, etc.  In general, staff do not make reproductions of copyright materials or materials for which title is not owned by the institution.  Recent revisions in the U.S. Copyright Law extended the copyright of correspondence, letters, and other personal papers to the life of the author plus seventy years.","UWF University Archives and West Florida History Center","Bagdad Sash and Door Factory.","Snodgrass family.","Snodgrass, Dena E.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["M1985-04","/repositories/2/resources/4"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1871-1985, Date acquired: 07/00/1985"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Snodgrass Collection, 1871-1985, Date acquired: 07/00/1985"],"collection_title_tesim":["Snodgrass Collection, 1871-1985, Date acquired: 07/00/1985"],"collection_ssim":["Snodgrass Collection, 1871-1985, Date acquired: 07/00/1985"],"repository_ssm":["UWF University Archives and West Florida History Center"],"repository_ssim":["UWF University Archives and West Florida History Center"],"creator_ssm":["Snodgrass, Dena E."],"creator_ssim":["Snodgrass, Dena E."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Snodgrass, Dena E."],"creators_ssim":["Snodgrass, Dena E."],"access_terms_ssm":["Digital photography, scanning, and photocopying of materials is prohibited.  Permission may be granted by the Special Collections Librarian for such reprography dependent on issues of copyright, ownership, condition, donor agreements, etc.  In general, staff do not make reproductions of copyright materials or materials for which title is not owned by the institution.  Recent revisions in the U.S. Copyright Law extended the copyright of correspondence, letters, and other personal papers to the life of the author plus seventy years."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Miss Dena E. Snodgrass, Jacksonville, Fla., July 1985"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Bagdad (Fla.)--History.","Blackwater (Fla.)--History.","Florida--Governors.","Calligraphy.","Simpson and Company."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Bagdad (Fla.)--History.","Blackwater (Fla.)--History.","Florida--Governors.","Calligraphy.","Simpson and Company."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["109.00 items"],"extent_tesim":["109.00 items"],"date_range_isim":[1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOpen to researchers, dependent on our compliance with U.S. Copyright Law, HIPPA requirements, donor agreements and other applicable state and federal statutes.  Occasionally we may need to review a collection before permitting immediate access.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Open to researchers, dependent on our compliance with U.S. Copyright Law, HIPPA requirements, donor agreements and other applicable state and federal statutes.  Occasionally we may need to review a collection before permitting immediate access."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological within each folder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological within each folder."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRevised 04/29/2004\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCataloged 07/25/1985\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Revised 04/29/2004","Cataloged 07/25/1985"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers, 1891-9185, pertaining to the Snodgrass family of Bagdad, Florida including deeds and purchases of land, descriptions and drawing of home, visits of Florida Governors to the town, and related materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNOTE:  Some of the items in the collection show the attempt to rename the town in the 1880s from Bagdad to Blackwater and back.  Snodgrass property included purchases from the Bagdad Sash Factory Company.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers, 1891-9185, pertaining to the Snodgrass family of Bagdad, Florida including deeds and purchases of land, descriptions and drawing of home, visits of Florida Governors to the town, and related materials.","NOTE:  Some of the items in the collection show the attempt to rename the town in the 1880s from Bagdad to Blackwater and back.  Snodgrass property included purchases from the Bagdad Sash Factory Company."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDigital photography, scanning, and photocopying of materials is prohibited.  Permission may be granted by the Special Collections Librarian for such reprography dependent on issues of copyright, ownership, condition, donor agreements, etc.  In general, staff do not make reproductions of copyright materials or materials for which title is not owned by the institution.  Recent revisions in the U.S. Copyright Law extended the copyright of correspondence, letters, and other personal papers to the life of the author plus seventy years.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Digital photography, scanning, and photocopying of materials is prohibited.  Permission may be granted by the Special Collections Librarian for such reprography dependent on issues of copyright, ownership, condition, donor agreements, etc.  In general, staff do not make reproductions of copyright materials or materials for which title is not owned by the institution.  Recent revisions in the U.S. Copyright Law extended the copyright of correspondence, letters, and other personal papers to the life of the author plus seventy years."],"names_coll_ssim":["Bagdad Sash and Door Factory.","Snodgrass family."],"names_ssim":["UWF University Archives and West Florida History Center","Bagdad Sash and Door Factory.","Snodgrass family.","Snodgrass, Dena E."],"corpname_ssim":["UWF University Archives and West Florida History Center","Bagdad Sash and Door Factory."],"famname_ssim":["Snodgrass family."],"persname_ssim":["Snodgrass, Dena E."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":6,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870863781856280576,"_root_":"c4d441333fb68d56823f935d","timestamp":"2026-07-16T09:38:58.251Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"c4d441333fb68d56823f935d","title_ssm":["Snodgrass Collection"],"title_tesim":["Snodgrass Collection"],"ead_ssi":"c4d441333fb68d56823f935d","unitdate_ssm":["1871-1985","Date acquired: 07/00/1985"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1871-1985"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 07/00/1985"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M1985-04","/repositories/2/resources/4"],"text":["M1985-04","/repositories/2/resources/4","Snodgrass Collection, 1871-1985, Date acquired: 07/00/1985","Bagdad (Fla.)--History.","Blackwater (Fla.)--History.","Florida--Governors.","Calligraphy.","Simpson and Company.","Open to researchers, dependent on our compliance with U.S. Copyright Law, HIPPA requirements, donor agreements and other applicable state and federal statutes.  Occasionally we may need to review a collection before permitting immediate access.","Chronological within each folder.","Revised 04/29/2004","Cataloged 07/25/1985","Papers, 1891-9185, pertaining to the Snodgrass family of Bagdad, Florida including deeds and purchases of land, descriptions and drawing of home, visits of Florida Governors to the town, and related materials.","NOTE:  Some of the items in the collection show the attempt to rename the town in the 1880s from Bagdad to Blackwater and back.  Snodgrass property included purchases from the Bagdad Sash Factory Company.","Digital photography, scanning, and photocopying of materials is prohibited.  Permission may be granted by the Special Collections Librarian for such reprography dependent on issues of copyright, ownership, condition, donor agreements, etc.  In general, staff do not make reproductions of copyright materials or materials for which title is not owned by the institution.  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Permission may be granted by the Special Collections Librarian for such reprography dependent on issues of copyright, ownership, condition, donor agreements, etc.  In general, staff do not make reproductions of copyright materials or materials for which title is not owned by the institution.  Recent revisions in the U.S. Copyright Law extended the copyright of correspondence, letters, and other personal papers to the life of the author plus seventy years."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Miss Dena E. 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Recent revisions in the U.S. Copyright Law extended the copyright of correspondence, letters, and other personal papers to the life of the author plus seventy years.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Digital photography, scanning, and photocopying of materials is prohibited.  Permission may be granted by the Special Collections Librarian for such reprography dependent on issues of copyright, ownership, condition, donor agreements, etc.  In general, staff do not make reproductions of copyright materials or materials for which title is not owned by the institution.  Recent revisions in the U.S. Copyright Law extended the copyright of correspondence, letters, and other personal papers to the life of the author plus seventy years."],"names_coll_ssim":["Bagdad Sash and Door Factory.","Snodgrass family."],"names_ssim":["UWF University Archives and West Florida History Center","Bagdad Sash and Door Factory.","Snodgrass family.","Snodgrass, Dena E."],"corpname_ssim":["UWF University Archives and West Florida History Center","Bagdad Sash and Door Factory."],"famname_ssim":["Snodgrass family."],"persname_ssim":["Snodgrass, Dena E."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":6,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870863781856280576,"_root_":"c4d441333fb68d56823f935d","timestamp":"2026-07-16T09:38:58.251Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/c4d441333fb68d56823f935d"}},{"id":"4cdeabefd1ee2f0ded2771e7_aspace_139120","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Snowy Egrets IV, Tampa Bay Sanctuaries (TBS) Slides-Richard T. 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The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information."],"date_range_isim":[1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981],"containers_ssim":["box 2","folder 1"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFolder includes slides with the following locations identified: Richard T. Paul Alafia Banks Sanctuary, Whiskey Stump Key, Green Key, Whale Key, and Town Island. The following photographers are identified: J. J. B[illegible] and Richard T. Paul.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Folder includes slides with the following locations identified: Richard T. Paul Alafia Banks Sanctuary, Whiskey Stump Key, Green Key, Whale Key, and Town Island. The following photographers are identified: J. J. B[illegible] and Richard T. Paul."],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#0","_nest_parent_":"4cdeabefd1ee2f0ded2771e7_aspace_139119","_root_":"4cdeabefd1ee2f0ded2771e7","_version_":1876660567935025152,"timestamp":"2026-09-18T09:16:24.251Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"4cdeabefd1ee2f0ded2771e7","title_ssm":["Frank M. Dunstan slide collection"],"title_tesim":["Frank M. Dunstan slide collection"],"ead_ssi":"4cdeabefd1ee2f0ded2771e7","unitdate_ssm":["1938-1989","Date acquired: 00/00/2015"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1938-1989"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 00/00/2015"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-2015-03","/repositories/2/resources/385"],"text":["MS-2015-03","/repositories/2/resources/385","Frank M. Dunstan slide collection, 1938-1989, Date acquired: 00/00/2015","Ecology -- Florida -- Tampa Bay","Birds","Conservationists -- Florida","Ornithology -- Fieldwork","Birds -- Habitat -- Florida -- Tampa Bay (Fla.)","Subjects organized alphabetically.","Inspired by the first Earth Day in 1970, Frank M. Dunstan decided to pursue a bachelor's degree in biology at East Stroudsburg University in Pennsylvania. After completing his degree, Dunstan moved to the Tampa Bay area in 1973 and served as warden/biologist for the National Audubon Society's Tampa Bay Sanctuaries' wildlife sanctuaries until 1977. During this time, Dunstan published several articles on wetland and avian ecology and conservation. Dunstan continued his environmental work in the Northeast where he held several positions, including Urban Forestry Program Coordinator with the New York Department of Environmental Conservation and the Vice President and Director of the Sanctuary Department with the National Audubon Society.","Bill Fehring slide collection, 1978-1997","This collection consists of 35mm slides in both color and black and white. When available, locations and photographers are identified at the folder level.","None. The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information.","The Frank M. Dunstan slide collection includes imagery capturing the ecology of the Tampa Bay region. Included in the collection are aerial imagery, photographs, and presentation slides related to bird life and environmental issues, such as commercial development, the phosphate industry, power plants, incineration, and habitat restoration. Although the primary focus is Tampa Bay, select imagery depicts the Florida Keys, North Carolina, Texas, and Yucatán, Mexico.  \n\nIn addition to Frank M. Dunstan, the following photographers have imagery in the collection: M. P. Kahl, Helen G. Cruickshank, D. R. Blankinship, Wm. Walker Golder, Bob Canham, Roy Robin Lewis, Richard T. Paul, D. Wingate, and Walt Pomeroy.","USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Dunstan, Frank M.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-2015-03","/repositories/2/resources/385"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1938-1989, Date acquired: 00/00/2015"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Frank M. Dunstan slide collection, 1938-1989, Date acquired: 00/00/2015"],"collection_title_tesim":["Frank M. 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The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright.\u0026#xA0; Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["None. The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_031ee9140b829d0fd0ecea04eb4c25ff\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Frank M. Dunstan slide collection includes imagery capturing the ecology of the Tampa Bay region. Included in the collection are aerial imagery, photographs, and presentation slides related to bird life and environmental issues, such as commercial development, the phosphate industry, power plants, incineration, and habitat restoration. Although the primary focus is Tampa Bay, select imagery depicts the Florida Keys, North Carolina, Texas, and Yucat\u0026#xE1;n, Mexico.  \n\nIn addition to Frank M. Dunstan, the following photographers have imagery in the collection: M. P. Kahl, Helen G. Cruickshank, D. R. Blankinship, Wm. Walker Golder, Bob Canham, Roy Robin Lewis, Richard T. Paul, D. Wingate, and Walt Pomeroy.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Frank M. Dunstan slide collection includes imagery capturing the ecology of the Tampa Bay region. Included in the collection are aerial imagery, photographs, and presentation slides related to bird life and environmental issues, such as commercial development, the phosphate industry, power plants, incineration, and habitat restoration. Although the primary focus is Tampa Bay, select imagery depicts the Florida Keys, North Carolina, Texas, and Yucatán, Mexico.  \n\nIn addition to Frank M. Dunstan, the following photographers have imagery in the collection: M. P. Kahl, Helen G. Cruickshank, D. R. Blankinship, Wm. Walker Golder, Bob Canham, Roy Robin Lewis, Richard T. Paul, D. 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Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the archives' ability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials"],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The Public Relations records are owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."],"date_range_isim":[1963,1973,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983],"containers_ssim":["folder 6"],"_nest_path_":"/components#27/components#5","_nest_parent_":"028f3ba81a755744d614ce0a_aspace_1984c7405f697585badff581b4ecece7","_root_":"028f3ba81a755744d614ce0a","timestamp":"2026-07-10T02:17:33.904Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"028f3ba81a755744d614ce0a","title_ssm":["Public Relations"],"title_tesim":["Public Relations"],"ead_ssi":"028f3ba81a755744d614ce0a","unitdate_ssm":["1922-2010"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1922-2010"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Record Group","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["CA10045","/repositories/4/resources/82"],"text":["CA10045","/repositories/4/resources/82","Public Relations, 1922-2010","Public relations—Colleges—Florida—Lakeland.","College publications—Florida—Lakeland.","News releases—Florida—Lakeland.","Newspaper clippings—Florida—Lakeland.","College students—Florida—Lakeland—Photographs.","College sports—Florida—Lakeland—Photographs.","Florida Southern College--History.","College yearbooks—Florida—Lakeland.","College administrators—Florida—Lakeland—Photographs.","College departments - United States - history","Photographs—Florida—Lakeland.","Slides (photographs)","Photographs.","Newspaper clippings","This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the archives' ability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials","This collection has not been fully processed. It has only been processed to a minimum standard so as to make it available to researchers. While effort has been made to place materials in a logical order, some materials may be out of order.","This collection may include materials that reflect certain cultural attitudes and opinions common during the time of their creation. Florida Southern College, Roux Library, and McKay Archives do not promote the attitudes depicted in these materials, but they are included to document the historical record.","This record group contains materials produced and used by the Florida Southern College Public Relations Department and its predecessors. Materials include photographs, many of which were also used to illustrate The Interlachen yearbook and other college publications. Photographs include buildings, students, faculty and staff, and dignitaries and visitors to the campus. In addition to photographs, the collection includes news releases produced by the college and news articles relevant to the college. Several large, bound albums are present, and these contain news articles dating back to 1922 and the college's arrival in Lakeland.","The Public Relations records are owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).","The Florida Southern College Archives","Florida Southern College","English"],"unitid_tesim":["CA10045","/repositories/4/resources/82"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1922-2010"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Public Relations, 1922-2010"],"collection_title_tesim":["Public Relations, 1922-2010"],"collection_ssim":["Public Relations, 1922-2010"],"repository_ssm":["The Florida Southern College Archives"],"repository_ssim":["The Florida Southern College Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Public relations—Colleges—Florida—Lakeland.","College publications—Florida—Lakeland.","News releases—Florida—Lakeland.","Newspaper clippings—Florida—Lakeland.","College students—Florida—Lakeland—Photographs.","College sports—Florida—Lakeland—Photographs."],"geogname_ssim":["Public relations—Colleges—Florida—Lakeland.","College publications—Florida—Lakeland.","News releases—Florida—Lakeland.","Newspaper clippings—Florida—Lakeland.","College students—Florida—Lakeland—Photographs.","College sports—Florida—Lakeland—Photographs."],"creator_ssm":["Florida Southern College"],"creator_ssim":["Florida Southern College"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Florida Southern College"],"creators_ssim":["Florida Southern College"],"places_ssim":["Public relations—Colleges—Florida—Lakeland.","College publications—Florida—Lakeland.","News releases—Florida—Lakeland.","Newspaper clippings—Florida—Lakeland.","College students—Florida—Lakeland—Photographs.","College sports—Florida—Lakeland—Photographs."],"access_terms_ssm":["The Public Relations records are owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["These materials were generated by the college and transferred to the archives upon completion of their active status.\nThis is an active record group and new materials are added periodically."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Florida Southern College--History.","College yearbooks—Florida—Lakeland.","College administrators—Florida—Lakeland—Photographs.","College departments - United States - history","Photographs—Florida—Lakeland.","Slides (photographs)","Photographs.","Newspaper clippings"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Florida Southern College--History.","College yearbooks—Florida—Lakeland.","College administrators—Florida—Lakeland—Photographs.","College departments - United States - history","Photographs—Florida—Lakeland.","Slides (photographs)","Photographs.","Newspaper clippings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["44 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["44 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs—Florida—Lakeland.","Slides (photographs)","Photographs.","Newspaper clippings"],"date_range_isim":[1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the archives' ability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the archives' ability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection has not been fully processed. It has only been processed to a minimum standard so as to make it available to researchers. While effort has been made to place materials in a logical order, some materials may be out of order.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection has not been fully processed. It has only been processed to a minimum standard so as to make it available to researchers. While effort has been made to place materials in a logical order, some materials may be out of order."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection may include materials that reflect certain cultural attitudes and opinions common during the time of their creation. Florida Southern College, Roux Library, and McKay Archives do not promote the attitudes depicted in these materials, but they are included to document the historical record.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["This collection may include materials that reflect certain cultural attitudes and opinions common during the time of their creation. Florida Southern College, Roux Library, and McKay Archives do not promote the attitudes depicted in these materials, but they are included to document the historical record."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis record group contains materials produced and used by the Florida Southern College Public Relations Department and its predecessors. Materials include photographs, many of which were also used to illustrate The Interlachen yearbook and other college publications. Photographs include buildings, students, faculty and staff, and dignitaries and visitors to the campus. In addition to photographs, the collection includes news releases produced by the college and news articles relevant to the college. Several large, bound albums are present, and these contain news articles dating back to 1922 and the college's arrival in Lakeland.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This record group contains materials produced and used by the Florida Southern College Public Relations Department and its predecessors. Materials include photographs, many of which were also used to illustrate The Interlachen yearbook and other college publications. Photographs include buildings, students, faculty and staff, and dignitaries and visitors to the campus. In addition to photographs, the collection includes news releases produced by the college and news articles relevant to the college. Several large, bound albums are present, and these contain news articles dating back to 1922 and the college's arrival in Lakeland."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Public Relations records are owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Public Relations records are owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."],"names_ssim":["The Florida Southern College Archives","Florida Southern College"],"corpname_ssim":["The Florida Southern College Archives","Florida Southern College"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1332,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"028f3ba81a755744d614ce0a","timestamp":"2026-07-10T02:17:33.904Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/028f3ba81a755744d614ce0a_aspace_6c203901f2c208a07982ff8d27861fc8"}},{"id":"976011b2d2f0d067aaa03413_aspace_73027","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Socialist Internacional Mexico, August 1979","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/976011b2d2f0d067aaa03413_aspace_73027#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_73027","ref_ssm":["aspace_73027","aspace_73027"],"id":"976011b2d2f0d067aaa03413_aspace_73027","title_filing_ssi":"Socialist Internacional Mexico","title_ssm":["Socialist Internacional Mexico"],"title_tesim":["Socialist Internacional Mexico"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["August 1979"],"normalized_date_ssm":["August 1979"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Socialist Internacional Mexico, August 1979"],"text":["Socialist Internacional Mexico, August 1979","Bernard Diederich Collection, 1945-2010","Audio Material","Box 97","Item 48","/repositories/2/archival_objects/65530"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["976011b2d2f0d067aaa03413","976011b2d2f0d067aaa03413_aspace_72977","976011b2d2f0d067aaa03413_aspace_72978"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Bernard Diederich Collection, 1945-2010","Audio Material","Box 97"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Bernard Diederich Collection, 1945-2010","Audio Material","Box 97"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Other level"],"unitid_ssm":["Item 48","/repositories/2/archival_objects/65530"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Bernard Diederich Collection, 1945-2010"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":2929,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Sound clips (demo and full length) for recordings are available online. The access to full length sound files is limited to on-campus users only. The Special Collections Department at FIU Library does not claim copyright for any item in the collection. Copies for transmission, broadcast, reproduction, publishing, etc., not covered by fair use, require written permission of the copyright owners. The user assumes all responsibility for clearing reproductions rights and fees as well as any infringement of United States copyright law."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections. ","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"date_range_isim":[1979],"_nest_path_":"/components#9/components#0/components#47","_nest_parent_":"976011b2d2f0d067aaa03413_aspace_72978","_root_":"976011b2d2f0d067aaa03413","_version_":1870844751514697728,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T04:36:29.456Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"976011b2d2f0d067aaa03413","title_ssm":["Bernard Diederich Collection"],"title_tesim":["Bernard Diederich Collection"],"ead_ssi":"976011b2d2f0d067aaa03413","unitdate_ssm":["1945-2010"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1945-2010"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["File","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SPC7010","/repositories/2/resources/73"],"text":["SPC7010","/repositories/2/resources/73","Bernard Diederich Collection, 1945-2010","Haiti--Politics and government.","The Bernard Diederich Collection includes both papers and media. Diederich's papers constitute over 130 boxes (143 linear feet); they include Diederich's telegraphs and telexes, his reporter's notepads, and his interview notes, as well as historical documents, such as Central American and Caribbean newspapers and political posters and booklets. The papers also include his private correspondence, which reveals the many challenges encountered by journalists who work in Latin America and the Caribbean. The media collection contains over 20,000 slides and photos that document Diederich's travels. It also includes videotapes and audio cassettes with Diederich's many interviews with Central American and Caribbean leaders.","Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections. ","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general","FIU Special Collections","Diederich, Bernard","English Spanish; Castilian"],"unitid_tesim":["SPC7010","/repositories/2/resources/73"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1945-2010"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Bernard Diederich Collection, 1945-2010"],"collection_title_tesim":["Bernard Diederich Collection, 1945-2010"],"collection_ssim":["Bernard Diederich Collection, 1945-2010"],"repository_ssm":["FIU Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"creator_ssm":["Diederich, Bernard"],"creator_ssim":["Diederich, Bernard"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Diederich, Bernard"],"creators_ssim":["Diederich, Bernard"],"access_terms_ssm":["Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections. ","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Haiti--Politics and government."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Haiti--Politics and government."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["128.00 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["128.00 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Bernard Diederich Collection includes both papers and media. Diederich's papers constitute over 130 boxes (143 linear feet); they include Diederich's telegraphs and telexes, his reporter's notepads, and his interview notes, as well as historical documents, such as Central American and Caribbean newspapers and political posters and booklets. The papers also include his private correspondence, which reveals the many challenges encountered by journalists who work in Latin America and the Caribbean. The media collection contains over 20,000 slides and photos that document Diederich's travels. It also includes videotapes and audio cassettes with Diederich's many interviews with Central American and Caribbean leaders.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Bernard Diederich Collection includes both papers and media. Diederich's papers constitute over 130 boxes (143 linear feet); they include Diederich's telegraphs and telexes, his reporter's notepads, and his interview notes, as well as historical documents, such as Central American and Caribbean newspapers and political posters and booklets. The papers also include his private correspondence, which reveals the many challenges encountered by journalists who work in Latin America and the Caribbean. The media collection contains over 20,000 slides and photos that document Diederich's travels. It also includes videotapes and audio cassettes with Diederich's many interviews with Central American and Caribbean leaders."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections \u0026amp; University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections. ","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"names_ssim":["FIU Special Collections","Diederich, Bernard"],"corpname_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Diederich, Bernard"],"language_ssim":["English Spanish; Castilian"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3574,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870844751514697728,"_root_":"976011b2d2f0d067aaa03413","timestamp":"2026-07-16T04:36:29.456Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/976011b2d2f0d067aaa03413_aspace_73027"}},{"id":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_46d087b954c4efe5eb376c3eb0800b41","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"Social, Political, and Cultural History, 1922-2013, Undated","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_46d087b954c4efe5eb376c3eb0800b41#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_46d087b954c4efe5eb376c3eb0800b41","ref_ssm":["aspace_46d087b954c4efe5eb376c3eb0800b41","aspace_46d087b954c4efe5eb376c3eb0800b41"],"id":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_46d087b954c4efe5eb376c3eb0800b41","title_filing_ssi":"Social, Political, and Cultural History","title_ssm":["Social, Political, and Cultural History"],"title_tesim":["Social, Political, and Cultural History"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1922-2013, Undated"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1922-2013, Undated"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Social, Political, and Cultural History, 1922-2013, Undated"],"text":["Social, Political, and Cultural History, 1922-2013, Undated","José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013","Manuscripts, 1915-2013, Undated","3","/repositories/4/archival_objects/53930"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_c169fb1b4abcdaaa416e683d4329daa8"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013","Manuscripts, 1915-2013, Undated"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013","Manuscripts, 1915-2013, Undated"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["3","/repositories/4/archival_objects/53930"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":41,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":56,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The entire collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder."],"date_range_isim":[1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#2","_nest_parent_":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_c169fb1b4abcdaaa416e683d4329daa8","_root_":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","_version_":1870857755411087360,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:03:10.972Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","title_ssm":["José Guerra Alemán Collection"],"title_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection"],"ead_ssi":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","unitdate_ssm":["1887-2013"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1887-2013"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC.098","/repositories/4/resources/204"],"text":["SC.098","/repositories/4/resources/204","José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013","Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs","Cuba -- History -- Description and Travel","Cuba -- History -- Pictorial works","correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","The entire collection is open for research.","José Guerra Alemán was born to José Guerra and Herminia Alemán-Valdes on November 20, 1922 in Cuba. He referred to alternative names such as José Guerra Alemán, his initials J.G.A. and his nickname Pepín. Many of his closest friends and family called him as Pepín. His family contained of six members that included his three siblings, Maria Vicenta Guerra, Rafael Luis Guerra, and an eldest brother who his name is unknown. His brother, Rafael L. Guerra was born on November 20, 1926 in Habana, Cuba and died on October 2, 1998 in Miami, Florida. His sister, Maria, was born on June 19, 1924 in Habana, Cuba. A year after her brother's death, she died on February 27, 1999 in Miami, Florida. In her later years, she was a homemaker and she never married.","In his early years, he enrolled in the United States military at the age of 20 in 1942. He participated in the 8th Army (Octavo Ejército) of EE.UU. (United States). He covered the campaign of the Pacific as the 35th Division of Infantry (35 División de Infantería) called División Relámpago (Lightning Division). He finished training in the military at Fort Dix, Burlington County, New Jersey in the Delaware River region on October of 1946.","Once he finished his service, he returned to Cuba and founded a company called CINEPERIODICO in 1947. His motivation of starting this company began from his interest in journalism. At the age of 16, he delved into both journalism and short films/news films. He was one of the editors of Él País, La Habana. These experiences guided him to globally make notorious documentaries and cinematography of actual events and issues. He traveled around the globe. For instance, he registered for a temporary immigration card to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1959 as a journalist. As a result for his traveling, he encountered prominent leaders of various movements.","One of those encounters, José Guerra Alemán climbed the Mountains of Sierra Maestra, in the province of East of the Island of Cuba to interview Fidel Castro and Che Guevara. Under the agency of his company, CINEPERIODICO, he personally knew these men and those who were a part of the guerillas during the Cuban Revolution. In 1950, he worked with José García and Eduardo Hernández (Guayo) in the same company. José Guerra Alemán directed films such as Sangre Y Esperanza: La Cuba de Hoy (Blood and Hope: the Cuba of Today and El Gran Recuento (The Great Story). He also took the position as the Senior Vice President of Guastella Film Producers Inc., an advertising firm in Puerto Rico, where he did similar works until he retired in 1990. This included the creation of historical documentary films.","With his interest in Cuba's history and living at a time of historical changes in Cuba, he wrote extensive materials along those themes. He wrote Aún Hay Luna En Los Cerros, Ensayos (Las Mayorías Discriminadas): En Defensa de la Mujer, Barro y Cenizas (Díalogos con Fidel Castro y el Che Guevara), and Juro Pero No Prometo (Biografía de su Abuelo el General José Braulio Alemán). His major work composes four volumes of encyclopedias called Cuba Infinita. Each book contains specific chronological decades and starts from 1855, when the first photographs of the city were available by American artist Fredericks De Forest, to 1958, when the Republic collapsed. The volumes includes more than a thousand selected photos of the history of Cuba, from colonial times to the Spanish American War. The reader walks through time and gets to see the transformation of Cuba. He included photographs received by family, friends, colleagues and what he collected from his travels. He also was inspired and guided from the work called La Enciclopedia de Cuba.","Understanding where his family came from and knowing the other members of his family tree can provide a part of José Guerra Alemán's identity. Jose Guerra Alemán's maternal bloodline had a huge role in the movement toward Cuba's independence against colonialism and imperialism. His grandfather named José Braulio Guerra Alemán fought in the Spanish-American War as a Cuban Brigadier General and was the principal author to the Constitution of Cuba proclaimed at Yara in 1896. He worked as a lawyer, newspaper owner, advocate of the liberation of Cuba, senator and governor for the province of Las Villas, minister of Education and ambassador to Mexico. His half uncle, José Manuel Alemán, served in the Cuban government as Minister of Education during the presidency of Dr. Ramón Grau San Martin, president of the Authentic Party (Partido Auténtico) in La Habana, and Senator of the Republic. His family went through three generations of leaders and fighters for Cuban independence through revolutions or preserving its history and culture.","He rested on February 22, 2013 in Miami, Florida. He survived his wife named Lidia Llano who he married on September 22, 1945 and left a son named Carlos Guerra Llano. He left a mark of what he had done, significant work in Cuba's history. However, he has not been given as much attention as he deserves in any setting, especially in academia. It is the many aspects of unknown history and researching the people from below like Alemán. He was a Cuban, veteran, journalist, nontraditional historian, and founder of a journalist business.","Materials are housed in acid free folders and boxes; photographs and negatives were placed in clear sleeves; publications removed from the collection and cataloged separately.","Books collected by José Guerra Alemán can be found by performing a series search for \"José Guerra Alemán Collection\" in the UCF Libraries catalog.","This collection was arranged in seven series:","\nSeries I. Manuscripts, 1915-2013, Undated, includes notes that Alemán took on varieties of subjects. His interests ranged from the origin of words and meaning of phrases to his summaries and interpretations of authors' works.","\nSeries II: Research Files, 1898-2012, Undated, holds a combination of newspapers, images, and works of others where Alemán used for the publication of Cuba Infinita and his work on Cuban and Latin American history, involving their relations to other countries.","\nSeries III: Publications, 1987-2008, Undated, contains his writings that has drafts of his published work, his articles from newspapers, and promotional materials advertising his works.","\nSeries IV: Personal Files, 1887-2011, Undated, provides letters between Aleman and his family members and between Aleman and business workers. They share insight of Aleman's genealogy and Aleman's work ethic. Series also includes various maps and postcards. ","\nSeries V: Visual Materials, Circa 1900-Circa 2000, Undated, includes photographs and negatives of José G. Alemán and his relatives; overseas trips as a Journalist; and images of Cuba, cubans, and public buildings. Series also includes a CD of \"Fidel Castro: La Historia Lo Absolvera\" and another CD contains a song from Marisela Verena \"Mi Pinar del Rio\".","\nSeries VI: Memorabilia, 1926-1977, Undated, comprises hats from different places that Aleman travelled, identification cards, and a lottery ticket from Republic of Cuba, 1949.","\nSeries VII: Oversize Materials, 1958-2008, Undated, includes large maps of various countries, posters, a proof sheet for Cuba Infinita, and a game card \"La Charada Cubana.\"","Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder.","The collection is filled with Cuban history and researched materials on society's past was created by Cuban and American journalist José Guerra Alemán. The materials range from photographs of his travels to cultural sites and countries to personal notes on literature of other scholars' works and his published books. He is most notable of his published four-volume encyclopedia on Cuban history called Cuba Infinita.","UCF Special Collections","Guerra Alemán, José","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC.098","/repositories/4/resources/204"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1887-2013"],"normalized_title_ssm":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"collection_title_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"collection_ssim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs"],"geogname_ssim":["Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs"],"creator_ssm":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"creator_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"creators_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"places_ssim":["Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated by Carlos Guerra, José Guerra Alemán's son, to the University of Central Florida Libraries in 2014. (CFM2014_07)"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Cuba -- History -- Description and Travel","Cuba -- History -- Pictorial works","correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Cuba -- History -- Description and Travel","Cuba -- History -- Pictorial works","correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["17.5 Linear Feet 20 boxes, 1 Flat File"],"extent_tesim":["17.5 Linear Feet 20 boxes, 1 Flat File"],"genreform_ssim":["correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints"],"date_range_isim":[1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n was born to Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra and Herminia Alem\u0026#xE1;n-Valdes on November 20, 1922 in Cuba. He referred to alternative names such as Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n, his initials J.G.A. and his nickname Pep\u0026#xED;n. Many of his closest friends and family called him as Pep\u0026#xED;n. His family contained of six members that included his three siblings, Maria Vicenta Guerra, Rafael Luis Guerra, and an eldest brother who his name is unknown. His brother, Rafael L. Guerra was born on November 20, 1926 in Habana, Cuba and died on October 2, 1998 in Miami, Florida. His sister, Maria, was born on June 19, 1924 in Habana, Cuba. A year after her brother's death, she died on February 27, 1999 in Miami, Florida. In her later years, she was a homemaker and she never married.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn his early years, he enrolled in the United States military at the age of 20 in 1942. He participated in the 8th Army (Octavo Ej\u0026#xE9;rcito) of EE.UU. (United States). He covered the campaign of the Pacific as the 35th Division of Infantry (35 Divisi\u0026#xF3;n de Infanter\u0026#xED;a) called Divisi\u0026#xF3;n Rel\u0026#xE1;mpago (Lightning Division). He finished training in the military at Fort Dix, Burlington County, New Jersey in the Delaware River region on October of 1946.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOnce he finished his service, he returned to Cuba and founded a company called CINEPERIODICO in 1947. His motivation of starting this company began from his interest in journalism. At the age of 16, he delved into both journalism and short films/news films. He was one of the editors of \u0026#xC9;l Pa\u0026#xED;s, La Habana. These experiences guided him to globally make notorious documentaries and cinematography of actual events and issues. He traveled around the globe. For instance, he registered for a temporary immigration card to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1959 as a journalist. As a result for his traveling, he encountered prominent leaders of various movements.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOne of those encounters, Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n climbed the Mountains of Sierra Maestra, in the province of East of the Island of Cuba to interview Fidel Castro and Che Guevara. Under the agency of his company, CINEPERIODICO, he personally knew these men and those who were a part of the guerillas during the Cuban Revolution. In 1950, he worked with Jos\u0026#xE9; Garc\u0026#xED;a and Eduardo Hern\u0026#xE1;ndez (Guayo) in the same company. Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n directed films such as Sangre Y Esperanza: La Cuba de Hoy (Blood and Hope: the Cuba of Today and El Gran Recuento (The Great Story). He also took the position as the Senior Vice President of Guastella Film Producers Inc., an advertising firm in Puerto Rico, where he did similar works until he retired in 1990. This included the creation of historical documentary films.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWith his interest in Cuba's history and living at a time of historical changes in Cuba, he wrote extensive materials along those themes. He wrote A\u0026#xFA;n Hay Luna En Los Cerros, Ensayos (Las Mayor\u0026#xED;as Discriminadas): En Defensa de la Mujer, Barro y Cenizas (D\u0026#xED;alogos con Fidel Castro y el Che Guevara), and Juro Pero No Prometo (Biograf\u0026#xED;a de su Abuelo el General Jos\u0026#xE9; Braulio Alem\u0026#xE1;n). His major work composes four volumes of encyclopedias called Cuba Infinita. Each book contains specific chronological decades and starts from 1855, when the first photographs of the city were available by American artist Fredericks De Forest, to 1958, when the Republic collapsed. The volumes includes more than a thousand selected photos of the history of Cuba, from colonial times to the Spanish American War. The reader walks through time and gets to see the transformation of Cuba. He included photographs received by family, friends, colleagues and what he collected from his travels. He also was inspired and guided from the work called La Enciclopedia de Cuba.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUnderstanding where his family came from and knowing the other members of his family tree can provide a part of Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n's identity. Jose Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n's maternal bloodline had a huge role in the movement toward Cuba's independence against colonialism and imperialism. His grandfather named Jos\u0026#xE9; Braulio Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n fought in the Spanish-American War as a Cuban Brigadier General and was the principal author to the Constitution of Cuba proclaimed at Yara in 1896. He worked as a lawyer, newspaper owner, advocate of the liberation of Cuba, senator and governor for the province of Las Villas, minister of Education and ambassador to Mexico. His half uncle, Jos\u0026#xE9; Manuel Alem\u0026#xE1;n, served in the Cuban government as Minister of Education during the presidency of Dr. Ram\u0026#xF3;n Grau San Martin, president of the Authentic Party (Partido Aut\u0026#xE9;ntico) in La Habana, and Senator of the Republic. His family went through three generations of leaders and fighters for Cuban independence through revolutions or preserving its history and culture.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe rested on February 22, 2013 in Miami, Florida. He survived his wife named Lidia Llano who he married on September 22, 1945 and left a son named Carlos Guerra Llano. He left a mark of what he had done, significant work in Cuba's history. However, he has not been given as much attention as he deserves in any setting, especially in academia. It is the many aspects of unknown history and researching the people from below like Alem\u0026#xE1;n. He was a Cuban, veteran, journalist, nontraditional historian, and founder of a journalist business.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán was born to José Guerra and Herminia Alemán-Valdes on November 20, 1922 in Cuba. He referred to alternative names such as José Guerra Alemán, his initials J.G.A. and his nickname Pepín. Many of his closest friends and family called him as Pepín. His family contained of six members that included his three siblings, Maria Vicenta Guerra, Rafael Luis Guerra, and an eldest brother who his name is unknown. His brother, Rafael L. Guerra was born on November 20, 1926 in Habana, Cuba and died on October 2, 1998 in Miami, Florida. His sister, Maria, was born on June 19, 1924 in Habana, Cuba. A year after her brother's death, she died on February 27, 1999 in Miami, Florida. In her later years, she was a homemaker and she never married.","In his early years, he enrolled in the United States military at the age of 20 in 1942. He participated in the 8th Army (Octavo Ejército) of EE.UU. (United States). He covered the campaign of the Pacific as the 35th Division of Infantry (35 División de Infantería) called División Relámpago (Lightning Division). He finished training in the military at Fort Dix, Burlington County, New Jersey in the Delaware River region on October of 1946.","Once he finished his service, he returned to Cuba and founded a company called CINEPERIODICO in 1947. His motivation of starting this company began from his interest in journalism. At the age of 16, he delved into both journalism and short films/news films. He was one of the editors of Él País, La Habana. These experiences guided him to globally make notorious documentaries and cinematography of actual events and issues. He traveled around the globe. For instance, he registered for a temporary immigration card to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1959 as a journalist. As a result for his traveling, he encountered prominent leaders of various movements.","One of those encounters, José Guerra Alemán climbed the Mountains of Sierra Maestra, in the province of East of the Island of Cuba to interview Fidel Castro and Che Guevara. Under the agency of his company, CINEPERIODICO, he personally knew these men and those who were a part of the guerillas during the Cuban Revolution. In 1950, he worked with José García and Eduardo Hernández (Guayo) in the same company. José Guerra Alemán directed films such as Sangre Y Esperanza: La Cuba de Hoy (Blood and Hope: the Cuba of Today and El Gran Recuento (The Great Story). He also took the position as the Senior Vice President of Guastella Film Producers Inc., an advertising firm in Puerto Rico, where he did similar works until he retired in 1990. This included the creation of historical documentary films.","With his interest in Cuba's history and living at a time of historical changes in Cuba, he wrote extensive materials along those themes. He wrote Aún Hay Luna En Los Cerros, Ensayos (Las Mayorías Discriminadas): En Defensa de la Mujer, Barro y Cenizas (Díalogos con Fidel Castro y el Che Guevara), and Juro Pero No Prometo (Biografía de su Abuelo el General José Braulio Alemán). His major work composes four volumes of encyclopedias called Cuba Infinita. Each book contains specific chronological decades and starts from 1855, when the first photographs of the city were available by American artist Fredericks De Forest, to 1958, when the Republic collapsed. The volumes includes more than a thousand selected photos of the history of Cuba, from colonial times to the Spanish American War. The reader walks through time and gets to see the transformation of Cuba. He included photographs received by family, friends, colleagues and what he collected from his travels. He also was inspired and guided from the work called La Enciclopedia de Cuba.","Understanding where his family came from and knowing the other members of his family tree can provide a part of José Guerra Alemán's identity. Jose Guerra Alemán's maternal bloodline had a huge role in the movement toward Cuba's independence against colonialism and imperialism. His grandfather named José Braulio Guerra Alemán fought in the Spanish-American War as a Cuban Brigadier General and was the principal author to the Constitution of Cuba proclaimed at Yara in 1896. He worked as a lawyer, newspaper owner, advocate of the liberation of Cuba, senator and governor for the province of Las Villas, minister of Education and ambassador to Mexico. His half uncle, José Manuel Alemán, served in the Cuban government as Minister of Education during the presidency of Dr. Ramón Grau San Martin, president of the Authentic Party (Partido Auténtico) in La Habana, and Senator of the Republic. His family went through three generations of leaders and fighters for Cuban independence through revolutions or preserving its history and culture.","He rested on February 22, 2013 in Miami, Florida. He survived his wife named Lidia Llano who he married on September 22, 1945 and left a son named Carlos Guerra Llano. He left a mark of what he had done, significant work in Cuba's history. However, he has not been given as much attention as he deserves in any setting, especially in academia. It is the many aspects of unknown history and researching the people from below like Alemán. He was a Cuban, veteran, journalist, nontraditional historian, and founder of a journalist business."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n Collection, Special Collections and UniversityArchives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, Special Collections and UniversityArchives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials are housed in acid free folders and boxes; photographs and negatives were placed in clear sleeves; publications removed from the collection and cataloged separately.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Materials are housed in acid free folders and boxes; photographs and negatives were placed in clear sleeves; publications removed from the collection and cataloged separately."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBooks collected by Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n can be found by performing a series search for \"Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n Collection\" in the UCF Libraries catalog.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Books collected by José Guerra Alemán can be found by performing a series search for \"José Guerra Alemán Collection\" in the UCF Libraries catalog."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection was arranged in seven series:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries I. Manuscripts, 1915-2013, Undated, includes notes that Alem\u0026#xE1;n took on varieties of subjects. His interests ranged from the origin of words and meaning of phrases to his summaries and interpretations of authors' works.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries II: Research Files, 1898-2012, Undated, holds a combination of newspapers, images, and works of others where Alem\u0026#xE1;n used for the publication of Cuba Infinita and his work on Cuban and Latin American history, involving their relations to other countries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries III: Publications, 1987-2008, Undated, contains his writings that has drafts of his published work, his articles from newspapers, and promotional materials advertising his works.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries IV: Personal Files, 1887-2011, Undated, provides letters between Aleman and his family members and between Aleman and business workers. They share insight of Aleman's genealogy and Aleman's work ethic. Series also includes various maps and postcards. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries V: Visual Materials, Circa 1900-Circa 2000, Undated, includes photographs and negatives of Jos\u0026#xE9; G. Alem\u0026#xE1;n and his relatives; overseas trips as a Journalist; and images of Cuba, cubans, and public buildings. Series also includes a CD of \"Fidel Castro: La Historia Lo Absolvera\" and another CD contains a song from Marisela Verena \"Mi Pinar del Rio\".\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VI: Memorabilia, 1926-1977, Undated, comprises hats from different places that Aleman travelled, identification cards, and a lottery ticket from Republic of Cuba, 1949.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VII: Oversize Materials, 1958-2008, Undated, includes large maps of various countries, posters, a proof sheet for Cuba Infinita, and a game card \"La Charada Cubana.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection was arranged in seven series:","\nSeries I. Manuscripts, 1915-2013, Undated, includes notes that Alemán took on varieties of subjects. His interests ranged from the origin of words and meaning of phrases to his summaries and interpretations of authors' works.","\nSeries II: Research Files, 1898-2012, Undated, holds a combination of newspapers, images, and works of others where Alemán used for the publication of Cuba Infinita and his work on Cuban and Latin American history, involving their relations to other countries.","\nSeries III: Publications, 1987-2008, Undated, contains his writings that has drafts of his published work, his articles from newspapers, and promotional materials advertising his works.","\nSeries IV: Personal Files, 1887-2011, Undated, provides letters between Aleman and his family members and between Aleman and business workers. They share insight of Aleman's genealogy and Aleman's work ethic. Series also includes various maps and postcards. ","\nSeries V: Visual Materials, Circa 1900-Circa 2000, Undated, includes photographs and negatives of José G. Alemán and his relatives; overseas trips as a Journalist; and images of Cuba, cubans, and public buildings. Series also includes a CD of \"Fidel Castro: La Historia Lo Absolvera\" and another CD contains a song from Marisela Verena \"Mi Pinar del Rio\".","\nSeries VI: Memorabilia, 1926-1977, Undated, comprises hats from different places that Aleman travelled, identification cards, and a lottery ticket from Republic of Cuba, 1949.","\nSeries VII: Oversize Materials, 1958-2008, Undated, includes large maps of various countries, posters, a proof sheet for Cuba Infinita, and a game card \"La Charada Cubana.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e4d41ff341ce7470c0d40282c3f71dd8\"\u003eThe collection is filled with Cuban history and researched materials on society's past was created by Cuban and American journalist Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n. The materials range from photographs of his travels to cultural sites and countries to personal notes on literature of other scholars' works and his published books. He is most notable of his published four-volume encyclopedia on Cuban history called Cuba Infinita.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection is filled with Cuban history and researched materials on society's past was created by Cuban and American journalist José Guerra Alemán. The materials range from photographs of his travels to cultural sites and countries to personal notes on literature of other scholars' works and his published books. He is most notable of his published four-volume encyclopedia on Cuban history called Cuba Infinita."],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Guerra Alemán, José"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":282,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870857755411087360,"_root_":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:03:10.972Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_46d087b954c4efe5eb376c3eb0800b41"}},{"id":"65675f74ccda9442057b96d0_aspace_dbaef7b93851be1c43bcadf42cc61713","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Social Security Cuts - Carter Budget, 1979","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/65675f74ccda9442057b96d0_aspace_dbaef7b93851be1c43bcadf42cc61713#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_dbaef7b93851be1c43bcadf42cc61713","ref_ssm":["aspace_dbaef7b93851be1c43bcadf42cc61713","aspace_dbaef7b93851be1c43bcadf42cc61713"],"id":"65675f74ccda9442057b96d0_aspace_dbaef7b93851be1c43bcadf42cc61713","title_filing_ssi":"Social Security Cuts - Carter Budget","title_ssm":["Social Security Cuts - Carter Budget"],"title_tesim":["Social Security Cuts - Carter Budget"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1979"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1979"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Social Security Cuts - Carter Budget, 1979"],"text":["Social Security Cuts - Carter Budget, 1979","Sam Gibbons collection, 1940-2000, 1996, bulk 1960-1996","Box 387","Folder 3","/repositories/2/archival_objects/185750","box 387","folder 3"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["65675f74ccda9442057b96d0","65675f74ccda9442057b96d0_aspace_25b8c671a52f5fa5680fd25d56139d1d"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Sam Gibbons collection, 1940-2000, 1996, bulk 1960-1996","Box 387"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Sam Gibbons collection, 1940-2000, 1996, bulk 1960-1996","Box 387"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Box"],"unitid_ssm":["Folder 3","/repositories/2/archival_objects/185750"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Sam Gibbons collection, 1940-2000, 1996, bulk 1960-1996"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":8021,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["No restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information."],"date_range_isim":[1979],"containers_ssim":["box 387","folder 3"],"_nest_path_":"/components#385/components#2","_nest_parent_":"65675f74ccda9442057b96d0_aspace_25b8c671a52f5fa5680fd25d56139d1d","_root_":"65675f74ccda9442057b96d0","_version_":1881013055886721024,"timestamp":"2026-11-05T10:17:19.988Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"65675f74ccda9442057b96d0","title_ssm":["Sam Gibbons collection"],"title_tesim":["Sam Gibbons collection"],"ead_ssi":"65675f74ccda9442057b96d0","unitdate_ssm":["1940-2000","1960-1996","1996"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1960-1996"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1940-2000"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1996"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-1996-02","/repositories/2/resources/378"],"text":["MS-1996-02","/repositories/2/resources/378","Sam Gibbons collection, 1940-2000, 1996, bulk 1960-1996","Florida -- Politics and government","Tampa (Fla.) -- Politics and government","Tampa Bay Region (Fla.) -- History","University of South Florida -- History","No restrictions.","Chronologically, broken up by committee and subject. The year and number code assigned to each box denotes the year in which papers were filed by Gibbons' office. Years on documents within the box may not reflect the year of filing.","Sam M. Gibbons was born in Tampa Florida in 1920. His tenure in law school was interrupted by World War II, when he volunteered for the Army, and later for duty as a paratrooper in the 101st Airborne Division. He served with distinction and in 1951 Gibbons was elected to the Florida House of Representatives, where he drafted the bill founding the University of South Florida in Hillsborough County. He founded USF's Foundation and served as its first president, expanded the City of Tampa by annexing suburbs, founded the Southwest Florida Water Management District, and began programs to save the state money and prevent corruption. He joined the Florida Senate in 1958, serving one term before being elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1962.  Gibbons died in Tampa in 2012.","As a member of Congress, Gibbons became known as a moderate democrat interested in free trade and tax reform. He joined Congress in time to vote for the land mark civil rights bill, Medicare, President Johnson's War on Poverty, and to vote for the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution giving the president the power to wage war in Vietnam, a vote he came to regret. He funneled Urban Renewal funds into Tampa's crumbling inner city. In 1969, he joined the influential Ways and Means Committee, where he would sit until his retirement in 1996, spending much attention on the Subcommittee on Trade. He put his free trade beliefs into action with the Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI), passing two versions in the 1980s. He retired in 1996 after a stormy stint as the voice of opposition to the new Republican majority. During and after his career, he repeatedly called for the U.S. to lift its trade embargo against Cuba.","Primarily covers his years in the U.S. House of Representatives, 1962-1996.","None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information.","USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Gibbons, Sam M. (Sam Melville), 1920-2012","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-1996-02","/repositories/2/resources/378"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1940-2000, 1996, bulk 1960-1996"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Sam Gibbons collection, 1940-2000, 1996, bulk 1960-1996"],"collection_title_tesim":["Sam Gibbons collection, 1940-2000, 1996, bulk 1960-1996"],"collection_ssim":["Sam Gibbons collection, 1940-2000, 1996, bulk 1960-1996"],"repository_ssm":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Florida -- Politics and government","Tampa (Fla.) -- Politics and government","Tampa Bay Region (Fla.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Florida -- Politics and government","Tampa (Fla.) -- Politics and government","Tampa Bay Region (Fla.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Gibbons, Sam M. (Sam Melville), 1920-2012"],"creator_ssim":["Gibbons, Sam M. (Sam Melville), 1920-2012"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Gibbons, Sam M. (Sam Melville), 1920-2012"],"creators_ssim":["Gibbons, Sam M. (Sam Melville), 1920-2012"],"places_ssim":["Florida -- Politics and government","Tampa (Fla.) -- Politics and government","Tampa Bay Region (Fla.) -- History"],"access_terms_ssm":["None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Sam Gibbons and Gibbons family, U.S. House of Representatives","Donation."],"access_subjects_ssim":["University of South Florida -- History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["University of South Florida -- History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["504.02 Linear Feet","370 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["504.02 Linear Feet","370 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronologically, broken up by committee and subject. The year and number code assigned to each box denotes the year in which papers were filed by Gibbons' office. Years on documents within the box may not reflect the year of filing.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronologically, broken up by committee and subject. The year and number code assigned to each box denotes the year in which papers were filed by Gibbons' office. Years on documents within the box may not reflect the year of filing."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSam M. Gibbons was born in Tampa Florida in 1920. His tenure in law school was interrupted by World War II, when he volunteered for the Army, and later for duty as a paratrooper in the 101st Airborne Division. He served with distinction and in 1951 Gibbons was elected to the Florida House of Representatives, where he drafted the bill founding the University of South Florida in Hillsborough County. He founded USF's Foundation and served as its first president, expanded the City of Tampa by annexing suburbs, founded the Southwest Florida Water Management District, and began programs to save the state money and prevent corruption. He joined the Florida Senate in 1958, serving one term before being elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1962.\u0026#xA0; Gibbons died in Tampa in 2012.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAs a member of Congress, Gibbons became known as a moderate democrat interested in free trade and tax reform. He joined Congress in time to vote for the land mark civil rights bill, Medicare, President Johnson's War on Poverty, and to vote for the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution giving the president the power to wage war in Vietnam, a vote he came to regret. He funneled Urban Renewal funds into Tampa's crumbling inner city. In 1969, he joined the influential Ways and Means Committee, where he would sit until his retirement in 1996, spending much attention on the Subcommittee on Trade. He put his free trade beliefs into action with the Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI), passing two versions in the 1980s. He retired in 1996 after a stormy stint as the voice of opposition to the new Republican majority. During and after his career, he repeatedly called for the U.S. to lift its trade embargo against Cuba.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Sam M. Gibbons was born in Tampa Florida in 1920. His tenure in law school was interrupted by World War II, when he volunteered for the Army, and later for duty as a paratrooper in the 101st Airborne Division. He served with distinction and in 1951 Gibbons was elected to the Florida House of Representatives, where he drafted the bill founding the University of South Florida in Hillsborough County. He founded USF's Foundation and served as its first president, expanded the City of Tampa by annexing suburbs, founded the Southwest Florida Water Management District, and began programs to save the state money and prevent corruption. He joined the Florida Senate in 1958, serving one term before being elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1962.  Gibbons died in Tampa in 2012.","As a member of Congress, Gibbons became known as a moderate democrat interested in free trade and tax reform. He joined Congress in time to vote for the land mark civil rights bill, Medicare, President Johnson's War on Poverty, and to vote for the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution giving the president the power to wage war in Vietnam, a vote he came to regret. He funneled Urban Renewal funds into Tampa's crumbling inner city. In 1969, he joined the influential Ways and Means Committee, where he would sit until his retirement in 1996, spending much attention on the Subcommittee on Trade. He put his free trade beliefs into action with the Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI), passing two versions in the 1980s. He retired in 1996 after a stormy stint as the voice of opposition to the new Republican majority. During and after his career, he repeatedly called for the U.S. to lift its trade embargo against Cuba."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePrimarily covers his years in the U.S. House of Representatives, 1962-1996.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Primarily covers his years in the U.S. House of Representatives, 1962-1996."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone.\u0026#xA0;The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.\u0026#xA0; Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at \u003cextref href=\"http://www.copyright.gov/\"\u003ehttp://www.copyright.gov/\u003c/extref\u003e for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information."],"names_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Gibbons, Sam M. (Sam Melville), 1920-2012"],"corpname_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Gibbons, Sam M. (Sam Melville), 1920-2012"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":8166,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1881013055886721024,"_root_":"65675f74ccda9442057b96d0","timestamp":"2026-11-05T10:17:19.988Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/65675f74ccda9442057b96d0_aspace_dbaef7b93851be1c43bcadf42cc61713"}},{"id":"6323cf218095a76cdd967725","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Sociedad la Unión Martí-Maceo records, 1853-2000, 1983","creator":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/6323cf218095a76cdd967725#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["Sociedad la Unión Martí-Maceo (Tampa, Fla.)"],"label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/6323cf218095a76cdd967725#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["The records of Sociedad la Unión Martí-Maceo include organizational documents and published works from the society's library."],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/6323cf218095a76cdd967725#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"6323cf218095a76cdd967725","title_ssm":["Sociedad la Unión Martí-Maceo records"],"title_tesim":["Sociedad la Unión Martí-Maceo records"],"ead_ssi":"6323cf218095a76cdd967725","unitdate_ssm":["1853-2000","1983"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1853-2000"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1983"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-1983-02","/repositories/2/resources/534"],"text":["MS-1983-02","/repositories/2/resources/534","Sociedad la Unión Martí-Maceo records, 1853-2000, 1983","Ybor City (Tampa, Fla.)","Cuban Americans -- Florida -- Tampa -- History","Black people -- Cuba","Series.","La Unión Martí-Maceo was established near the turn of the 20th century as Los Libres Pensadores Marti-Maceo. Named for Cuban heroes Jose Martí and General Antonio Maceo, the organization functioned as a social and recreational society for members of Tampa's Afro-Cuban community of cigar workers. Although the organization originally served both Black and white Cubans as the Club Nacional Cubano, Octubre 10, an era of segregation forced the group to split into two separate societies- the Círculo Cubano and Los Libres Pensadores Martí-Maceo. The first official meeting of Los Libres Pensadores (\"the freethinkers\") took place October 26, 1900 at the home of Cuban immigrants Ruperto and Paulina Pedroso. The organization eventually merged with La Unión, an Afro-Cuban society in West Tampa, to form La Sociedad la Unión Martí- Maceo. "," \nLike many mutual aid societies of the time, La Unión Martí-Maceo provided complete medical care for members and benefits for sickness and death, in addition to a variety of social and cultural activities. In 1908, the society built a two-story brick headquarters at 11th Street and 6th Avenue in Ybor City that contained an auditorium, dance hall and club rooms. This structure served as a center for the Afro-Cuban community of Tampa until it was raised in 1965 for Urban Renewal. In 1989, House Bill 889 (Florida State Statute Chapter 89-382), entitled \"An act relating to historic preservation; formally recognizing the cultural role of certain Latin societies in the historical development of Ybor City and specifically recognizing the accomplishments of La Unión Martí-Maceo,\" passed the state house of representatives and was signed into law by then Florida Governor Robert Martinez.  The bill gives protection to La Sociedad la Unión Martí-Maceo, in recognition of the historical loss of their original building and states that the \"City of Tampa and Ybor City are requested to take any and all steps necessary to preserve the headquarters of La Unión Martí-Maceo and protect it from the consequences of the urban renewal process\" (Florida House of Representatives 1989, 158-64-1-9). The society is now located at 1226 E. 7th Avenue in Ybor City, Tampa, FL and continues to sponsor social activities for its members. The organization's contemporary goals include preserving the history and heritage of Tampa's Cuban community and helping protect the multicultural resources of Ybor City.","Complete","Greenbaum, S. D. (2002). More than Black : Afro-Cubans in Tampa. University Press of Florida.","Primarily consists of organizational documents, including financial and membership records and the minutes of committee meetings.  Also includes Spanish and English language books, with works by Cuban poet Jose Martí, narratives of Cuba, and scholarly publications from the early to mid 1900s.","None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information.","The records of Sociedad la Unión Martí-Maceo include organizational documents and published works from the society's library.","USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Sociedad la Unión Martí-Maceo (Tampa, Fla.)","English Spanish; Castilian"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-1983-02","/repositories/2/resources/534"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1853-2000, 1983"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Sociedad la Unión Martí-Maceo records, 1853-2000, 1983"],"collection_title_tesim":["Sociedad la Unión Martí-Maceo records, 1853-2000, 1983"],"collection_ssim":["Sociedad la Unión Martí-Maceo records, 1853-2000, 1983"],"repository_ssm":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Ybor City (Tampa, Fla.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Ybor City (Tampa, Fla.)"],"creator_ssm":["Sociedad la Unión Martí-Maceo (Tampa, Fla.)"],"creator_ssim":["Sociedad la Unión Martí-Maceo (Tampa, Fla.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Sociedad la Unión Martí-Maceo (Tampa, Fla.)"],"creators_ssim":["Sociedad la Unión Martí-Maceo (Tampa, Fla.)"],"places_ssim":["Ybor City (Tampa, Fla.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Deposited on indefinite loan, circa 1983, by La Unión Martí-Maceo."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Cuban Americans -- Florida -- Tampa -- History","Black people -- Cuba"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Cuban Americans -- Florida -- Tampa -- History","Black people -- Cuba"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["10.32 Linear Feet","19 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["10.32 Linear Feet","19 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLa Uni\u0026#xF3;n Mart\u0026#xED;-Maceo was established near the turn of the 20th century as Los Libres Pensadores Marti-Maceo. Named for Cuban heroes Jose Mart\u0026#xED; and General Antonio Maceo, the organization functioned as a social and recreational society for members of Tampa's Afro-Cuban community of cigar workers.\u0026#xA0;Although the organization originally served both Black and white Cubans as the Club Nacional Cubano, Octubre 10, an era of segregation forced the group to split into two separate societies- the C\u0026#xED;rculo Cubano and Los Libres Pensadores Mart\u0026#xED;-Maceo.\u0026#xA0;The first official meeting of Los Libres Pensadores (\"the freethinkers\") took place October 26, 1900 at the home of Cuban immigrants Ruperto and Paulina Pedroso. The organization eventually merged with La Uni\u0026#xF3;n, an Afro-Cuban society in West Tampa, to form La Sociedad la Uni\u0026#xF3;n Mart\u0026#xED;- Maceo. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e \nLike many mutual aid societies of the time, La Uni\u0026#xF3;n Mart\u0026#xED;-Maceo provided complete medical care for members and benefits for sickness and death, in addition to a variety of social and cultural activities.\u0026#xA0;In 1908, the society built a two-story brick headquarters at 11th Street and 6th Avenue in Ybor City that contained an auditorium, dance hall and club rooms.\u0026#xA0;This structure served as a center for the Afro-Cuban community of Tampa until it was raised in 1965 for Urban Renewal.\u0026#xA0;In 1989, House Bill 889 (Florida State Statute Chapter 89-382), entitled \"An act relating to historic preservation; formally recognizing the cultural role of certain Latin societies in the historical development of Ybor City and specifically recognizing the accomplishments of La Uni\u0026#xF3;n Mart\u0026#xED;-Maceo,\" passed the state house of representatives and was signed into law by then Florida Governor Robert Martinez.\u0026#xA0; The bill gives protection to La Sociedad la Uni\u0026#xF3;n Mart\u0026#xED;-Maceo, in recognition of the historical loss of their original building and states that the \"City of Tampa and Ybor City are requested to take any and all steps necessary to preserve the headquarters of La Uni\u0026#xF3;n Mart\u0026#xED;-Maceo and protect it from the consequences of the urban renewal process\" (Florida House of Representatives 1989, 158-64-1-9).\u0026#xA0;The society is now located at 1226 E. 7th Avenue in Ybor City, Tampa, FL and continues to sponsor social activities for its members.\u0026#xA0;The organization's contemporary goals include preserving the history and heritage of Tampa's Cuban community and helping protect the multicultural resources of Ybor City.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["La Unión Martí-Maceo was established near the turn of the 20th century as Los Libres Pensadores Marti-Maceo. Named for Cuban heroes Jose Martí and General Antonio Maceo, the organization functioned as a social and recreational society for members of Tampa's Afro-Cuban community of cigar workers. Although the organization originally served both Black and white Cubans as the Club Nacional Cubano, Octubre 10, an era of segregation forced the group to split into two separate societies- the Círculo Cubano and Los Libres Pensadores Martí-Maceo. The first official meeting of Los Libres Pensadores (\"the freethinkers\") took place October 26, 1900 at the home of Cuban immigrants Ruperto and Paulina Pedroso. The organization eventually merged with La Unión, an Afro-Cuban society in West Tampa, to form La Sociedad la Unión Martí- Maceo. "," \nLike many mutual aid societies of the time, La Unión Martí-Maceo provided complete medical care for members and benefits for sickness and death, in addition to a variety of social and cultural activities. In 1908, the society built a two-story brick headquarters at 11th Street and 6th Avenue in Ybor City that contained an auditorium, dance hall and club rooms. This structure served as a center for the Afro-Cuban community of Tampa until it was raised in 1965 for Urban Renewal. In 1989, House Bill 889 (Florida State Statute Chapter 89-382), entitled \"An act relating to historic preservation; formally recognizing the cultural role of certain Latin societies in the historical development of Ybor City and specifically recognizing the accomplishments of La Unión Martí-Maceo,\" passed the state house of representatives and was signed into law by then Florida Governor Robert Martinez.  The bill gives protection to La Sociedad la Unión Martí-Maceo, in recognition of the historical loss of their original building and states that the \"City of Tampa and Ybor City are requested to take any and all steps necessary to preserve the headquarters of La Unión Martí-Maceo and protect it from the consequences of the urban renewal process\" (Florida House of Representatives 1989, 158-64-1-9). The society is now located at 1226 E. 7th Avenue in Ybor City, Tampa, FL and continues to sponsor social activities for its members. The organization's contemporary goals include preserving the history and heritage of Tampa's Cuban community and helping protect the multicultural resources of Ybor City."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMart\u0026#xED;-Maceo Society records, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Martí-Maceo Society records, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eComplete\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Complete"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGreenbaum, S. D. (2002). More than Black\u0026#x202F;: Afro-Cubans in Tampa. University Press of Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Greenbaum, S. D. (2002). More than Black : Afro-Cubans in Tampa. University Press of Florida."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePrimarily consists of organizational documents, including financial and membership records and the minutes of committee meetings.\u0026#xA0; Also includes Spanish and English language books, with works by Cuban poet Jose Mart\u0026#xED;, narratives of Cuba, and scholarly publications from the early to mid 1900s.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Primarily consists of organizational documents, including financial and membership records and the minutes of committee meetings.  Also includes Spanish and English language books, with works by Cuban poet Jose Martí, narratives of Cuba, and scholarly publications from the early to mid 1900s."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone.\u0026#xA0;The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.\u0026#xA0; Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at \u003cextref href=\"http://www.copyright.gov/\"\u003ehttp://www.copyright.gov/\u003c/extref\u003e for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_3894652e73b03dde8eb5af27c38b18be\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe records of Sociedad la Uni\u0026#xF3;n Mart\u0026#xED;-Maceo include organizational documents and published works from the society's library.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The records of Sociedad la Unión Martí-Maceo include organizational documents and published works from the society's library."],"names_coll_ssim":["Sociedad la Unión Martí-Maceo (Tampa, Fla.)","Sociedad la Unión Martí-Maceo (Tampa, Fla.)"],"names_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Sociedad la Unión Martí-Maceo (Tampa, Fla.)"],"corpname_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Sociedad la Unión Martí-Maceo (Tampa, Fla.)"],"language_ssim":["English Spanish; Castilian"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":129,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1875301635249405952,"_root_":"6323cf218095a76cdd967725","timestamp":"2026-09-03T09:16:45.050Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"6323cf218095a76cdd967725","title_ssm":["Sociedad la Unión Martí-Maceo records"],"title_tesim":["Sociedad la Unión Martí-Maceo records"],"ead_ssi":"6323cf218095a76cdd967725","unitdate_ssm":["1853-2000","1983"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1853-2000"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1983"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-1983-02","/repositories/2/resources/534"],"text":["MS-1983-02","/repositories/2/resources/534","Sociedad la Unión Martí-Maceo records, 1853-2000, 1983","Ybor City (Tampa, Fla.)","Cuban Americans -- Florida -- Tampa -- History","Black people -- Cuba","Series.","La Unión Martí-Maceo was established near the turn of the 20th century as Los Libres Pensadores Marti-Maceo. Named for Cuban heroes Jose Martí and General Antonio Maceo, the organization functioned as a social and recreational society for members of Tampa's Afro-Cuban community of cigar workers. Although the organization originally served both Black and white Cubans as the Club Nacional Cubano, Octubre 10, an era of segregation forced the group to split into two separate societies- the Círculo Cubano and Los Libres Pensadores Martí-Maceo. The first official meeting of Los Libres Pensadores (\"the freethinkers\") took place October 26, 1900 at the home of Cuban immigrants Ruperto and Paulina Pedroso. The organization eventually merged with La Unión, an Afro-Cuban society in West Tampa, to form La Sociedad la Unión Martí- Maceo. "," \nLike many mutual aid societies of the time, La Unión Martí-Maceo provided complete medical care for members and benefits for sickness and death, in addition to a variety of social and cultural activities. In 1908, the society built a two-story brick headquarters at 11th Street and 6th Avenue in Ybor City that contained an auditorium, dance hall and club rooms. This structure served as a center for the Afro-Cuban community of Tampa until it was raised in 1965 for Urban Renewal. In 1989, House Bill 889 (Florida State Statute Chapter 89-382), entitled \"An act relating to historic preservation; formally recognizing the cultural role of certain Latin societies in the historical development of Ybor City and specifically recognizing the accomplishments of La Unión Martí-Maceo,\" passed the state house of representatives and was signed into law by then Florida Governor Robert Martinez.  The bill gives protection to La Sociedad la Unión Martí-Maceo, in recognition of the historical loss of their original building and states that the \"City of Tampa and Ybor City are requested to take any and all steps necessary to preserve the headquarters of La Unión Martí-Maceo and protect it from the consequences of the urban renewal process\" (Florida House of Representatives 1989, 158-64-1-9). The society is now located at 1226 E. 7th Avenue in Ybor City, Tampa, FL and continues to sponsor social activities for its members. The organization's contemporary goals include preserving the history and heritage of Tampa's Cuban community and helping protect the multicultural resources of Ybor City.","Complete","Greenbaum, S. D. (2002). More than Black : Afro-Cubans in Tampa. 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Named for Cuban heroes Jose Mart\u0026#xED; and General Antonio Maceo, the organization functioned as a social and recreational society for members of Tampa's Afro-Cuban community of cigar workers.\u0026#xA0;Although the organization originally served both Black and white Cubans as the Club Nacional Cubano, Octubre 10, an era of segregation forced the group to split into two separate societies- the C\u0026#xED;rculo Cubano and Los Libres Pensadores Mart\u0026#xED;-Maceo.\u0026#xA0;The first official meeting of Los Libres Pensadores (\"the freethinkers\") took place October 26, 1900 at the home of Cuban immigrants Ruperto and Paulina Pedroso. The organization eventually merged with La Uni\u0026#xF3;n, an Afro-Cuban society in West Tampa, to form La Sociedad la Uni\u0026#xF3;n Mart\u0026#xED;- Maceo. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e \nLike many mutual aid societies of the time, La Uni\u0026#xF3;n Mart\u0026#xED;-Maceo provided complete medical care for members and benefits for sickness and death, in addition to a variety of social and cultural activities.\u0026#xA0;In 1908, the society built a two-story brick headquarters at 11th Street and 6th Avenue in Ybor City that contained an auditorium, dance hall and club rooms.\u0026#xA0;This structure served as a center for the Afro-Cuban community of Tampa until it was raised in 1965 for Urban Renewal.\u0026#xA0;In 1989, House Bill 889 (Florida State Statute Chapter 89-382), entitled \"An act relating to historic preservation; formally recognizing the cultural role of certain Latin societies in the historical development of Ybor City and specifically recognizing the accomplishments of La Uni\u0026#xF3;n Mart\u0026#xED;-Maceo,\" passed the state house of representatives and was signed into law by then Florida Governor Robert Martinez.\u0026#xA0; The bill gives protection to La Sociedad la Uni\u0026#xF3;n Mart\u0026#xED;-Maceo, in recognition of the historical loss of their original building and states that the \"City of Tampa and Ybor City are requested to take any and all steps necessary to preserve the headquarters of La Uni\u0026#xF3;n Mart\u0026#xED;-Maceo and protect it from the consequences of the urban renewal process\" (Florida House of Representatives 1989, 158-64-1-9).\u0026#xA0;The society is now located at 1226 E. 7th Avenue in Ybor City, Tampa, FL and continues to sponsor social activities for its members.\u0026#xA0;The organization's contemporary goals include preserving the history and heritage of Tampa's Cuban community and helping protect the multicultural resources of Ybor City.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["La Unión Martí-Maceo was established near the turn of the 20th century as Los Libres Pensadores Marti-Maceo. Named for Cuban heroes Jose Martí and General Antonio Maceo, the organization functioned as a social and recreational society for members of Tampa's Afro-Cuban community of cigar workers. Although the organization originally served both Black and white Cubans as the Club Nacional Cubano, Octubre 10, an era of segregation forced the group to split into two separate societies- the Círculo Cubano and Los Libres Pensadores Martí-Maceo. The first official meeting of Los Libres Pensadores (\"the freethinkers\") took place October 26, 1900 at the home of Cuban immigrants Ruperto and Paulina Pedroso. The organization eventually merged with La Unión, an Afro-Cuban society in West Tampa, to form La Sociedad la Unión Martí- Maceo. "," \nLike many mutual aid societies of the time, La Unión Martí-Maceo provided complete medical care for members and benefits for sickness and death, in addition to a variety of social and cultural activities. In 1908, the society built a two-story brick headquarters at 11th Street and 6th Avenue in Ybor City that contained an auditorium, dance hall and club rooms. This structure served as a center for the Afro-Cuban community of Tampa until it was raised in 1965 for Urban Renewal. In 1989, House Bill 889 (Florida State Statute Chapter 89-382), entitled \"An act relating to historic preservation; formally recognizing the cultural role of certain Latin societies in the historical development of Ybor City and specifically recognizing the accomplishments of La Unión Martí-Maceo,\" passed the state house of representatives and was signed into law by then Florida Governor Robert Martinez.  The bill gives protection to La Sociedad la Unión Martí-Maceo, in recognition of the historical loss of their original building and states that the \"City of Tampa and Ybor City are requested to take any and all steps necessary to preserve the headquarters of La Unión Martí-Maceo and protect it from the consequences of the urban renewal process\" (Florida House of Representatives 1989, 158-64-1-9). The society is now located at 1226 E. 7th Avenue in Ybor City, Tampa, FL and continues to sponsor social activities for its members. The organization's contemporary goals include preserving the history and heritage of Tampa's Cuban community and helping protect the multicultural resources of Ybor City."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMart\u0026#xED;-Maceo Society records, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Martí-Maceo Society records, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eComplete\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Complete"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGreenbaum, S. D. (2002). More than Black\u0026#x202F;: Afro-Cubans in Tampa. University Press of Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Greenbaum, S. D. (2002). More than Black : Afro-Cubans in Tampa. University Press of Florida."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePrimarily consists of organizational documents, including financial and membership records and the minutes of committee meetings.\u0026#xA0; Also includes Spanish and English language books, with works by Cuban poet Jose Mart\u0026#xED;, narratives of Cuba, and scholarly publications from the early to mid 1900s.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Primarily consists of organizational documents, including financial and membership records and the minutes of committee meetings.  Also includes Spanish and English language books, with works by Cuban poet Jose Martí, narratives of Cuba, and scholarly publications from the early to mid 1900s."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone.\u0026#xA0;The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.\u0026#xA0; Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at \u003cextref href=\"http://www.copyright.gov/\"\u003ehttp://www.copyright.gov/\u003c/extref\u003e for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_3894652e73b03dde8eb5af27c38b18be\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe records of Sociedad la Uni\u0026#xF3;n Mart\u0026#xED;-Maceo include organizational documents and published works from the society's library.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The records of Sociedad la Unión Martí-Maceo include organizational documents and published works from the society's library."],"names_coll_ssim":["Sociedad la Unión Martí-Maceo (Tampa, Fla.)","Sociedad la Unión Martí-Maceo (Tampa, Fla.)"],"names_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Sociedad la Unión Martí-Maceo (Tampa, Fla.)"],"corpname_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Sociedad la Unión Martí-Maceo (Tampa, Fla.)"],"language_ssim":["English Spanish; Castilian"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":129,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1875301635249405952,"_root_":"6323cf218095a76cdd967725","timestamp":"2026-09-03T09:16:45.050Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/6323cf218095a76cdd967725"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Michael A. 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