{"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1979\u0026page=255\u0026view=compact","prev":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1979\u0026page=254\u0026view=compact","next":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1979\u0026page=256\u0026view=compact","last":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1979\u0026page=562\u0026view=compact"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":255,"next_page":256,"prev_page":254,"total_pages":562,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":2540,"total_count":5612,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"35446ab608a6be492bc25e3c_aspace_74367","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Insurance Reform (Malpractice), 1979-1990","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/35446ab608a6be492bc25e3c_aspace_74367#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_74367","ref_ssm":["aspace_74367","aspace_74367"],"id":"35446ab608a6be492bc25e3c_aspace_74367","title_filing_ssi":"Insurance Reform (Malpractice)","title_ssm":["Insurance Reform (Malpractice)"],"title_tesim":["Insurance Reform (Malpractice)"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1979-1990"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1979-1990"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Insurance Reform (Malpractice), 1979-1990"],"text":["Insurance Reform (Malpractice), 1979-1990","George L. Stuart, Jr. Collection, 1952-1991, bulk 1979-1990","Senate Files, 1973-1991, Undated","Folder 12","/repositories/4/archival_objects/10500","box 21","folder 12"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["35446ab608a6be492bc25e3c","35446ab608a6be492bc25e3c_aspace_73767"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["George L. Stuart, Jr. Collection, 1952-1991, bulk 1979-1990","Senate Files, 1973-1991, Undated"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["George L. Stuart, Jr. Collection, 1952-1991, bulk 1979-1990","Senate Files, 1973-1991, Undated"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["Folder 12","/repositories/4/archival_objects/10500"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["George L. Stuart, Jr. Collection, 1952-1991, bulk 1979-1990"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":581,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The entire collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"date_range_isim":[1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990],"containers_ssim":["box 21","folder 12"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#579","_nest_parent_":"35446ab608a6be492bc25e3c_aspace_73767","_root_":"35446ab608a6be492bc25e3c","_version_":1870858048617054208,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:07:50.495Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"35446ab608a6be492bc25e3c","title_ssm":["George L. Stuart, Jr. Collection"],"title_tesim":["George L. Stuart, Jr. Collection"],"ead_ssi":"35446ab608a6be492bc25e3c","unitdate_ssm":["1952-1991","1979-1990"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1979-1990"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1952-1991"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC.019","/repositories/4/resources/51"],"text":["SC.019","/repositories/4/resources/51","George L. Stuart, Jr. Collection, 1952-1991, bulk 1979-1990","Florida -- Politics and government","Orlando (Fla.)--Politics and Government","Democratic Party (U.S.) -- History -- 20th century","Political campaigns -- United States","City planning -- Florida -- Orlando","The entire collection is open for research.","The collection has been arranged alphabetically and/or chronologically through eight series.","George L. Stuart Jr. was born on January 13, 1946 in Orlando to George L. and Georgia V. Stuart. He graduated from Edgewater High School in 1964 and from the University of Florida with a degree in Economics and Political Science in 1968. Stuart married Roberta Elisabeth \"Betty\" Hixon (October 22, 1947 - January 6, 2016) of Pensacola in 1969 and together have four children: Ann Elisabeth Stuart-Samson, Kathryn Stuart, Caroline Stuart-Freas, and George L. Stuart III. In 1970, he graduated from Harvard with a Master's degree in Business Administration (MBA).","\nIn 1972, he was elected Orlando City Commissioner for District 2. As a Democrat, he ran successfully for the Florida State Senate for District 4 in a Campaign titled \"Clean Team.\" During his ten years in the Florida Senate, he served on the Senate Appropriations Committee and the Joint Committee of Information and Technology Resources and chaired the Senate Higher Education Committee and the Senate Committee on Natural Resources. In 1990, he ran unsuccessfully for Governor of the State of Florida.","\nIn 1991, Stuart became Secretary and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Florida's Department of Business and Professional Regulation. Four years later he went into partnership in the government relations business development and organizational consulting firm of Stuart/Cloud Enterprises Ltd.; he later formed his own management consulting firm George Stuart \u0026 Associates. From 1997-1999 he was a director of Leapfrog Smart Products Inc., and from 1999-2000, he was the CEO of DoctorSurf.com Inc. In 1999, Stuart became a Director of Eonnet Media, Inc. Since 2000, he has served as a director of GeoPharma Inc. Stuart became Managing Vice President of Nexia Strategy Corporation in 2005.","\nStuart's family business interests have included office supplies and farming; his affiliations include Kiwanis of Orlando, the Orlando Chamber of Commerce, the Boys Club and the Jaycees. Stuart has also served on the Board of Directors for the Uuniversity of Central Florida Foundation, on the Florida State Resource Recovery Council, on Florida's Commission on the Aging as Vice-Chairman of the Greater Orlando Aviation Authority from 1976-1977 and as President of the Florida Citrus Sports Association from 1978-1979.","\n1946: Born on January 13 to George L. and Georgia V. Stuart in Orlando, FL.","\n1964: Graduated from Edgewater High School in Orlando, FL.","\n1968: Graduated from the University of Florida with a degree in Economics and Political Science. Began working at George Stuart, Inc.","\n1969: Married Roberta Elisabeth \"Betty\" Hixon of Pensacola, FL on August 2.","\n1970: Graduated from Harvard with a MBA.","\n1972: Won first public election as District 2 City Commissioner.","\n1976: Senior Vice President and Treasurer of George Stuart, Inc.","\n1976-1977: Vice-Chairman of the Greater Orlando Aviation Authority.","\n1978: Elected to the State Senate District 4. Campaign titled \"Clean Team.\"","\n1978-1979: President of the Florida Citrus Sports Association.","\n1982: Re-elected to State Senate.","\n1986: Re-elected to State Senate. Hired by Drexel Burnham Lambert, Incorporated's Municipal Finance Department.","\n1990: Ran unsuccessfully as Governor for the State of Florida. Drexel Burnham Lambert, Inc. filed for bankruptcy.","\n1991: Became Secretary and CEO of Florida's Department of Business and Professional Regulation.","\n1995-1997: Became a partner in the government relations business development and organizational consulting firm of Stuart/Cloud Enterprises, Ltd.","\n1996: Ran unsuccessfully for Florida's District 7 seat in the United States House of Representatives.","\n1997-1999: Was a Director of Leapfrog Smart Products, Inc.","\n1999-2000: Was CEO of DoctorSurf.com, Inc.","\n1999-present: Became a Director of Eonnet Media, Inc.","\n2000-present: Became a Director of GeoPharma, Inc.","\n2005-present: Became Managing Vice President of Nexia Strategy Corporation.","\n2016: Stuart's wife, Betty, passes away at the age of 68 from brain cancer.","George L. Stuart Jr. Collection was originally located in room 150C at the John C. Hitt Library. A series level finding aid was created by Judith Beale and Andrea Booker in 2006 to provide a basic access point to the collection. David Benjamin and Burak Ogreten met early 2017 and decided that the collection had to be processed at a folder level rather than series level. Special Collections staff transferred the collection from room 150C to 501C. Burak assigned Kae Lorentz, John Settle, Joseph Kaminski, Courtney Toelle, and Steven Craig Trelstad to work on the collection. Processing started in August 2017 and ended on November 2018. Initially, there were 114 linear feet of materials (114 boxes) in the collection. After the processing completed, the total linear footage dropped to 85.25 linear feet (93 boxes and 1 flat file).","We did all the effort to keep the collection in the original order as it was received from the donor. Duplicate items have been removed from the collection. A few publications cataloged and added to Special Collections monograph collection. Publications that had no additional value to the collection sent to Government Documents and Acquisition Department for further evaluation.","Manuscript collection is divided into eight series; Senate Files, Campaign Files, City Commissioner Files, Correspondence, Multimedia Files, Personal Files, Photographs, and Memorabilia. Each series organized either in A to Z or a chronological order. Documents are housed in acid free folders and archival boxes; photographs and slides are housed in an archival clear sleeves; rubber bands, rusty staples and metal paper clips have been removed from the collection and replaced with plastic clips as needed; VHS tapes and audio cassettes are housed in new polypropylene storage cases; and memorabilia are placed in artifact trays.","Similar materials may be found in the  Lou Frey Papers , Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida","Series I: Senate Files, 1973-1991, Undated, documents Stuart's work in Florida's Senate. It includes bill information, reports and office files, which provide information on every subject in which the Senator was interested.","\nSeries II: Campaign Files, 1972-1990, Undated, contains materials that document the elections in which George L. Stuart, Jr. ran for public office. Advertising pamphlets, stickers, and speeches all show how a political campaign functions. The largest group of materials concerns the 1990 election when Stuart ran for Governor.","\nSeries III: City Commissioner Files, 1971-1978, Undated, holds a small number of materials concerning Stuart's years of service as an Orlando City Commissioner.","\nSeries IV: Correspondence, 1972-1990, contains correspondences Stuart exchanged with campaign staff, political colleagues, and constituents.","\nSeries V: Multimedia Files, 1972-1991, Undated, contains materials related to Stuart's political and personal career spread through various multimedia formats including magazines, newspapers, newspaper clippings, newsletters, video, audio, and digital.","\nSeries VI: Personal Files, 1952-1990, Undated, contains materials unrelated to Senator Stuart's political activities. It documents the Stuart family's farming and office supply businesses and holds family memorabilia.","\nSeries VII: Photographs, 1970-1990, Undated, contains photographs depicting Stuart's public relation visits while senator, on the campaign trail, or together with his family.","\nSeries VIII: Memorabilia, c. 1970-1990, Undated, contains items collected by Stuart during his political career or otherwise independently gathered.","Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","These papers document the political career of George L. Stuart from his election as Orlando City Commissioner in 1978 to his run for Governor in 1990. Most of the materials chronicle his activities as Florida Senator for District 4 from 1978-1989, and they include correspondence, news clippings, photographs reports, video and audiotape and memorabilia.","UCF Special Collections","Democratic Party (Fla.)","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Drexel Burnham Lambert Incorporated","Florida. Legislature. Senate","Stuart, George L., Jr., 1946-","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC.019","/repositories/4/resources/51"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1952-1991, bulk 1979-1990"],"normalized_title_ssm":["George L. Stuart, Jr. Collection, 1952-1991, bulk 1979-1990"],"collection_title_tesim":["George L. Stuart, Jr. Collection, 1952-1991, bulk 1979-1990"],"collection_ssim":["George L. Stuart, Jr. Collection, 1952-1991, bulk 1979-1990"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Florida -- Politics and government"],"geogname_ssim":["Florida -- Politics and government"],"places_ssim":["Florida -- Politics and government"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["George L. Stuart, Jr. transferred these materials to the University of Central Florida Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives in 1991 (CFM1991_01)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Orlando (Fla.)--Politics and Government","Democratic Party (U.S.) -- History -- 20th century","Political campaigns -- United States","City planning -- Florida -- Orlando"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Orlando (Fla.)--Politics and Government","Democratic Party (U.S.) -- History -- 20th century","Political campaigns -- United States","City planning -- Florida -- Orlando"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["85.25 Linear Feet 93 Boxes, 1 Flat File"],"extent_tesim":["85.25 Linear Feet 93 Boxes, 1 Flat File"],"date_range_isim":[1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection has been arranged alphabetically and/or chronologically through eight series.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection has been arranged alphabetically and/or chronologically through eight series."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge L. Stuart Jr. was born on January 13, 1946 in Orlando to George L. and Georgia V. Stuart. He graduated from Edgewater High School in 1964 and from the University of Florida with a degree in Economics and Political Science in 1968. Stuart married Roberta Elisabeth \"Betty\" Hixon (October 22, 1947 - January 6, 2016) of Pensacola in 1969 and together have four children: Ann Elisabeth Stuart-Samson, Kathryn Stuart, Caroline Stuart-Freas, and George L. Stuart III. In 1970, he graduated from Harvard with a Master's degree in Business Administration (MBA).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nIn 1972, he was elected Orlando City Commissioner for District 2. As a Democrat, he ran successfully for the Florida State Senate for District 4 in a Campaign titled \"Clean Team.\" During his ten years in the Florida Senate, he served on the Senate Appropriations Committee and the Joint Committee of Information and Technology Resources and chaired the Senate Higher Education Committee and the Senate Committee on Natural Resources. In 1990, he ran unsuccessfully for Governor of the State of Florida.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nIn 1991, Stuart became Secretary and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Florida's Department of Business and Professional Regulation. Four years later he went into partnership in the government relations business development and organizational consulting firm of Stuart/Cloud Enterprises Ltd.; he later formed his own management consulting firm George Stuart \u0026amp; Associates. From 1997-1999 he was a director of Leapfrog Smart Products Inc., and from 1999-2000, he was the CEO of DoctorSurf.com Inc. In 1999, Stuart became a Director of Eonnet Media, Inc. Since 2000, he has served as a director of GeoPharma Inc. Stuart became Managing Vice President of Nexia Strategy Corporation in 2005.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nStuart's family business interests have included office supplies and farming; his affiliations include Kiwanis of Orlando, the Orlando Chamber of Commerce, the Boys Club and the Jaycees. Stuart has also served on the Board of Directors for the Uuniversity of Central Florida Foundation, on the Florida State Resource Recovery Council, on Florida's Commission on the Aging as Vice-Chairman of the Greater Orlando Aviation Authority from 1976-1977 and as President of the Florida Citrus Sports Association from 1978-1979.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n1946: Born on January 13 to George L. and Georgia V. Stuart in Orlando, FL.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n1964: Graduated from Edgewater High School in Orlando, FL.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n1968: Graduated from the University of Florida with a degree in Economics and Political Science. Began working at George Stuart, Inc.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n1969: Married Roberta Elisabeth \"Betty\" Hixon of Pensacola, FL on August 2.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n1970: Graduated from Harvard with a MBA.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n1972: Won first public election as District 2 City Commissioner.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n1976: Senior Vice President and Treasurer of George Stuart, Inc.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n1976-1977: Vice-Chairman of the Greater Orlando Aviation Authority.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n1978: Elected to the State Senate District 4. Campaign titled \"Clean Team.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n1978-1979: President of the Florida Citrus Sports Association.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n1982: Re-elected to State Senate.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n1986: Re-elected to State Senate. Hired by Drexel Burnham Lambert, Incorporated's Municipal Finance Department.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n1990: Ran unsuccessfully as Governor for the State of Florida. Drexel Burnham Lambert, Inc. filed for bankruptcy.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n1991: Became Secretary and CEO of Florida's Department of Business and Professional Regulation.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n1995-1997: Became a partner in the government relations business development and organizational consulting firm of Stuart/Cloud Enterprises, Ltd.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n1996: Ran unsuccessfully for Florida's District 7 seat in the United States House of Representatives.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n1997-1999: Was a Director of Leapfrog Smart Products, Inc.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n1999-2000: Was CEO of DoctorSurf.com, Inc.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n1999-present: Became a Director of Eonnet Media, Inc.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n2000-present: Became a Director of GeoPharma, Inc.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n2005-present: Became Managing Vice President of Nexia Strategy Corporation.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n2016: Stuart's wife, Betty, passes away at the age of 68 from brain cancer.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["George L. Stuart Jr. was born on January 13, 1946 in Orlando to George L. and Georgia V. Stuart. He graduated from Edgewater High School in 1964 and from the University of Florida with a degree in Economics and Political Science in 1968. Stuart married Roberta Elisabeth \"Betty\" Hixon (October 22, 1947 - January 6, 2016) of Pensacola in 1969 and together have four children: Ann Elisabeth Stuart-Samson, Kathryn Stuart, Caroline Stuart-Freas, and George L. Stuart III. In 1970, he graduated from Harvard with a Master's degree in Business Administration (MBA).","\nIn 1972, he was elected Orlando City Commissioner for District 2. As a Democrat, he ran successfully for the Florida State Senate for District 4 in a Campaign titled \"Clean Team.\" During his ten years in the Florida Senate, he served on the Senate Appropriations Committee and the Joint Committee of Information and Technology Resources and chaired the Senate Higher Education Committee and the Senate Committee on Natural Resources. In 1990, he ran unsuccessfully for Governor of the State of Florida.","\nIn 1991, Stuart became Secretary and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Florida's Department of Business and Professional Regulation. Four years later he went into partnership in the government relations business development and organizational consulting firm of Stuart/Cloud Enterprises Ltd.; he later formed his own management consulting firm George Stuart \u0026 Associates. From 1997-1999 he was a director of Leapfrog Smart Products Inc., and from 1999-2000, he was the CEO of DoctorSurf.com Inc. In 1999, Stuart became a Director of Eonnet Media, Inc. Since 2000, he has served as a director of GeoPharma Inc. Stuart became Managing Vice President of Nexia Strategy Corporation in 2005.","\nStuart's family business interests have included office supplies and farming; his affiliations include Kiwanis of Orlando, the Orlando Chamber of Commerce, the Boys Club and the Jaycees. Stuart has also served on the Board of Directors for the Uuniversity of Central Florida Foundation, on the Florida State Resource Recovery Council, on Florida's Commission on the Aging as Vice-Chairman of the Greater Orlando Aviation Authority from 1976-1977 and as President of the Florida Citrus Sports Association from 1978-1979.","\n1946: Born on January 13 to George L. and Georgia V. Stuart in Orlando, FL.","\n1964: Graduated from Edgewater High School in Orlando, FL.","\n1968: Graduated from the University of Florida with a degree in Economics and Political Science. Began working at George Stuart, Inc.","\n1969: Married Roberta Elisabeth \"Betty\" Hixon of Pensacola, FL on August 2.","\n1970: Graduated from Harvard with a MBA.","\n1972: Won first public election as District 2 City Commissioner.","\n1976: Senior Vice President and Treasurer of George Stuart, Inc.","\n1976-1977: Vice-Chairman of the Greater Orlando Aviation Authority.","\n1978: Elected to the State Senate District 4. Campaign titled \"Clean Team.\"","\n1978-1979: President of the Florida Citrus Sports Association.","\n1982: Re-elected to State Senate.","\n1986: Re-elected to State Senate. Hired by Drexel Burnham Lambert, Incorporated's Municipal Finance Department.","\n1990: Ran unsuccessfully as Governor for the State of Florida. Drexel Burnham Lambert, Inc. filed for bankruptcy.","\n1991: Became Secretary and CEO of Florida's Department of Business and Professional Regulation.","\n1995-1997: Became a partner in the government relations business development and organizational consulting firm of Stuart/Cloud Enterprises, Ltd.","\n1996: Ran unsuccessfully for Florida's District 7 seat in the United States House of Representatives.","\n1997-1999: Was a Director of Leapfrog Smart Products, Inc.","\n1999-2000: Was CEO of DoctorSurf.com, Inc.","\n1999-present: Became a Director of Eonnet Media, Inc.","\n2000-present: Became a Director of GeoPharma, Inc.","\n2005-present: Became Managing Vice President of Nexia Strategy Corporation.","\n2016: Stuart's wife, Betty, passes away at the age of 68 from brain cancer."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge L. Stuart, Jr. Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["George L. Stuart, Jr. Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge L. Stuart Jr. Collection was originally located in room 150C at the John C. Hitt Library. A series level finding aid was created by Judith Beale and Andrea Booker in 2006 to provide a basic access point to the collection. David Benjamin and Burak Ogreten met early 2017 and decided that the collection had to be processed at a folder level rather than series level. Special Collections staff transferred the collection from room 150C to 501C. Burak assigned Kae Lorentz, John Settle, Joseph Kaminski, Courtney Toelle, and Steven Craig Trelstad to work on the collection. Processing started in August 2017 and ended on November 2018. Initially, there were 114 linear feet of materials (114 boxes) in the collection. After the processing completed, the total linear footage dropped to 85.25 linear feet (93 boxes and 1 flat file).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWe did all the effort to keep the collection in the original order as it was received from the donor. Duplicate items have been removed from the collection. A few publications cataloged and added to Special Collections monograph collection. Publications that had no additional value to the collection sent to Government Documents and Acquisition Department for further evaluation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eManuscript collection is divided into eight series; Senate Files, Campaign Files, City Commissioner Files, Correspondence, Multimedia Files, Personal Files, Photographs, and Memorabilia. Each series organized either in A to Z or a chronological order. Documents are housed in acid free folders and archival boxes; photographs and slides are housed in an archival clear sleeves; rubber bands, rusty staples and metal paper clips have been removed from the collection and replaced with plastic clips as needed; VHS tapes and audio cassettes are housed in new polypropylene storage cases; and memorabilia are placed in artifact trays.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["George L. Stuart Jr. Collection was originally located in room 150C at the John C. Hitt Library. A series level finding aid was created by Judith Beale and Andrea Booker in 2006 to provide a basic access point to the collection. David Benjamin and Burak Ogreten met early 2017 and decided that the collection had to be processed at a folder level rather than series level. Special Collections staff transferred the collection from room 150C to 501C. Burak assigned Kae Lorentz, John Settle, Joseph Kaminski, Courtney Toelle, and Steven Craig Trelstad to work on the collection. Processing started in August 2017 and ended on November 2018. Initially, there were 114 linear feet of materials (114 boxes) in the collection. After the processing completed, the total linear footage dropped to 85.25 linear feet (93 boxes and 1 flat file).","We did all the effort to keep the collection in the original order as it was received from the donor. Duplicate items have been removed from the collection. A few publications cataloged and added to Special Collections monograph collection. Publications that had no additional value to the collection sent to Government Documents and Acquisition Department for further evaluation.","Manuscript collection is divided into eight series; Senate Files, Campaign Files, City Commissioner Files, Correspondence, Multimedia Files, Personal Files, Photographs, and Memorabilia. Each series organized either in A to Z or a chronological order. Documents are housed in acid free folders and archival boxes; photographs and slides are housed in an archival clear sleeves; rubber bands, rusty staples and metal paper clips have been removed from the collection and replaced with plastic clips as needed; VHS tapes and audio cassettes are housed in new polypropylene storage cases; and memorabilia are placed in artifact trays."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSimilar materials may be found in the \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2002-01\"\u003eLou Frey Papers\u003c/extref\u003e, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Similar materials may be found in the  Lou Frey Papers , Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Senate Files, 1973-1991, Undated, documents Stuart's work in Florida's Senate. It includes bill information, reports and office files, which provide information on every subject in which the Senator was interested.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries II: Campaign Files, 1972-1990, Undated, contains materials that document the elections in which George L. Stuart, Jr. ran for public office. Advertising pamphlets, stickers, and speeches all show how a political campaign functions. The largest group of materials concerns the 1990 election when Stuart ran for Governor.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries III: City Commissioner Files, 1971-1978, Undated, holds a small number of materials concerning Stuart's years of service as an Orlando City Commissioner.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries IV: Correspondence, 1972-1990, contains correspondences Stuart exchanged with campaign staff, political colleagues, and constituents.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries V: Multimedia Files, 1972-1991, Undated, contains materials related to Stuart's political and personal career spread through various multimedia formats including magazines, newspapers, newspaper clippings, newsletters, video, audio, and digital.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VI: Personal Files, 1952-1990, Undated, contains materials unrelated to Senator Stuart's political activities. It documents the Stuart family's farming and office supply businesses and holds family memorabilia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VII: Photographs, 1970-1990, Undated, contains photographs depicting Stuart's public relation visits while senator, on the campaign trail, or together with his family.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VIII: Memorabilia, c. 1970-1990, Undated, contains items collected by Stuart during his political career or otherwise independently gathered.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Series I: Senate Files, 1973-1991, Undated, documents Stuart's work in Florida's Senate. It includes bill information, reports and office files, which provide information on every subject in which the Senator was interested.","\nSeries II: Campaign Files, 1972-1990, Undated, contains materials that document the elections in which George L. Stuart, Jr. ran for public office. Advertising pamphlets, stickers, and speeches all show how a political campaign functions. The largest group of materials concerns the 1990 election when Stuart ran for Governor.","\nSeries III: City Commissioner Files, 1971-1978, Undated, holds a small number of materials concerning Stuart's years of service as an Orlando City Commissioner.","\nSeries IV: Correspondence, 1972-1990, contains correspondences Stuart exchanged with campaign staff, political colleagues, and constituents.","\nSeries V: Multimedia Files, 1972-1991, Undated, contains materials related to Stuart's political and personal career spread through various multimedia formats including magazines, newspapers, newspaper clippings, newsletters, video, audio, and digital.","\nSeries VI: Personal Files, 1952-1990, Undated, contains materials unrelated to Senator Stuart's political activities. It documents the Stuart family's farming and office supply businesses and holds family memorabilia.","\nSeries VII: Photographs, 1970-1990, Undated, contains photographs depicting Stuart's public relation visits while senator, on the campaign trail, or together with his family.","\nSeries VIII: Memorabilia, c. 1970-1990, Undated, contains items collected by Stuart during his political career or otherwise independently gathered."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_58b9302c766ff03ea91ad9b6c739f4c9\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThese papers document the political career of George L. Stuart from his election as Orlando City Commissioner in 1978 to his run for Governor in 1990. Most of the materials chronicle his activities as Florida Senator for District 4 from 1978-1989, and they include correspondence, news clippings, photographs reports, video and audiotape and memorabilia.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["These papers document the political career of George L. Stuart from his election as Orlando City Commissioner in 1978 to his run for Governor in 1990. Most of the materials chronicle his activities as Florida Senator for District 4 from 1978-1989, and they include correspondence, news clippings, photographs reports, video and audiotape and memorabilia."],"names_coll_ssim":["Democratic Party (Fla.)","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Drexel Burnham Lambert Incorporated","Florida. Legislature. Senate","Stuart, George L., Jr., 1946-"],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Democratic Party (Fla.)","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Drexel Burnham Lambert Incorporated","Florida. Legislature. Senate","Stuart, George L., Jr., 1946-"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Democratic Party (Fla.)","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Drexel Burnham Lambert Incorporated","Florida. Legislature. Senate"],"persname_ssim":["Stuart, George L., Jr., 1946-"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2318,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870858048617054208,"_root_":"35446ab608a6be492bc25e3c","timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:07:50.495Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/35446ab608a6be492bc25e3c_aspace_74367"}},{"id":"f98896827f16d52b3168e472_aspace_0347cfeb7d76f64d6a8f64a61ef8b17b","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"Intercoastal (Ft. Lauderdale), 1960–1987","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/f98896827f16d52b3168e472_aspace_0347cfeb7d76f64d6a8f64a61ef8b17b#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_0347cfeb7d76f64d6a8f64a61ef8b17b","ref_ssm":["aspace_0347cfeb7d76f64d6a8f64a61ef8b17b","aspace_0347cfeb7d76f64d6a8f64a61ef8b17b"],"id":"f98896827f16d52b3168e472_aspace_0347cfeb7d76f64d6a8f64a61ef8b17b","title_filing_ssi":"Intercoastal (Ft. Lauderdale)","title_ssm":["Intercoastal (Ft. Lauderdale)"],"title_tesim":["Intercoastal (Ft. Lauderdale)"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1960–1987"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1960–1987"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Intercoastal (Ft. Lauderdale), 1960–1987"],"text":["Intercoastal (Ft. Lauderdale), 1960–1987","Children's Home Society of Florida collection, 1862-2019, bulk 1902-1997","Division Files, 1921-circa 1995","/repositories/4/archival_objects/68773"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["f98896827f16d52b3168e472","f98896827f16d52b3168e472_aspace_eae888aaabb88a8b5182e3a73aba29ef"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Children's Home Society of Florida collection, 1862-2019, bulk 1902-1997","Division Files, 1921-circa 1995"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Children's Home Society of Florida collection, 1862-2019, bulk 1902-1997","Division Files, 1921-circa 1995"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/4/archival_objects/68773"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Children's Home Society of Florida collection, 1862-2019, bulk 1902-1997"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":10,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":596,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The entire collection is open for research.","Photographs and Audio Visual, 1902-1997 (Series IV) and Additional Materials, 1862-2019 (Series VI) contain fragile AV material. No access copies are currently available. For further information, please contact Special Collections \u0026 University Archives."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"date_range_isim":[1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#14","_nest_parent_":"f98896827f16d52b3168e472_aspace_eae888aaabb88a8b5182e3a73aba29ef","_root_":"f98896827f16d52b3168e472","_version_":1870857973089173504,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:06:38.475Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"f98896827f16d52b3168e472","title_ssm":["Children's Home Society of Florida collection"],"title_tesim":["Children's Home Society of Florida collection"],"ead_ssi":"f98896827f16d52b3168e472","unitdate_ssm":["1862-2019","1902-1997"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1902-1997"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1862-2019"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 054","/repositories/4/resources/294"],"text":["SC 054","/repositories/4/resources/294","Children's Home Society of Florida collection, 1862-2019, bulk 1902-1997","Abandoned Children","Adoption -- Florida","Adoption -- United States -- History","Child welfare -- Florida","Foster children -- United States -- History","Nonprofit organizations -- Finance","Nonprofit organizations -- Management","Nonprofit organizations -- Planning","Poverty","Orphanages -- Florida","The entire collection is open for research.","Photographs and Audio Visual, 1902-1997 (Series IV) and Additional Materials, 1862-2019 (Series VI) contain fragile AV material. No access copies are currently available. For further information, please contact Special Collections \u0026 University Archives.","The Children's Home Society of Florida Collection is arranged into 5 series by types of content as well as by types of materials. The first three series feature personal and office files which show the birth and growth of the organization, sorted at the state and local division levels. The last two series holds audio visual and photographic ephemera as well as scrapbooks created by workers at the society.","To be an orphan in Florida at the turn of the twentieth century was a dangerous prospect. Children were being orphaned due to farm and industrial accidents and numerous poor families had to give up children they could no longer afford. Many children were abused and there were few laws that protected children's rights. Homeless children had little place to go where they could be safe, properly cared for, and loved.","\nIn response to this increasing crisis, the National Children's Home Society was formed in Illinois in 1883 to help place children who had been orphaned in farming and industrial accidents, spreading to several other states over the next decade. The Revered D. W. Comstock came to Jacksonville, Florida in 1902 as a representative of the National Children's Home Society to help organize the state's first child welfare society. On November 17, 1902, with the help of Rev. D. W. Comstock and Jacksonville's city and religious leaders, The Children's Home Society of Florida (CHSFL) was established. The welfare of the child was the society's primary focus, making sure that if the family could not be preserved that the child was placed in a happy and healthy home.","\nThe CHSFL was developed as a non-profit organization, relying solely on donations from the community. Fund-raising efforts began as administrative duties were carried out in private homes around the city. The children were also were being cared for in private residences as there was not yet a home secured for the society to board its charges. The CHSFL committed itself to not only children but to babies who were not accepted until the age of three at state orphanages (Mahoney, 5). Money was tight for the society and within the first few years, the CHSFL found itself in deep debt. By September of 1910, the CHSFL was facing the possibility of ending operations when a new state superintendent for the society entered its doors. Marcus C. Fagg was just 24 when he took control of the CHSFL but within a few short months, he had already obtained funding to start his first appeals drive. Many in the society to this day believe that it was Marcus C. Fagg who saved the CHSFL from closing its doors and built it to the standards that society members and workers adhere to today. Fagg's compassion towards children also did not go unnoticed; from his early years with the CHSFL, many children he helped referred to him as \"Daddy\" Fagg as a token of their appreciation for finding them loving homes.","\nMarcus Fagg brought innovative solutions to a dire financial situation. Using land donated or sold at cost to the society, Fagg either rented or sold land at higher costs to turn a profit. Fagg also helped poor families by renting them homes at drastically reduced rental costs with an option to later buy the homes. Marcus Fagg helped dozens of poor families regain their footing while also helping the CHSFL emerge from a deep hole of financial debt.","\nThough Marcus Fagg began to save the society financially, the society still fell on hard times. The country became entangled in the agony of the Great Depression in the 1930s and the CHSFL suffered with the rest of the nation. The Miami receiving home was lost due to a lack of finances but was thankfully picked up and operated by the Junior League until 1936 when CHSFL was able to once again run the home. Marcus Fagg also made history in 1932 by becoming the first chairman of the new Florida State Welfare Board. Through the 1940s and 1950s, CHSFL was instrumental in securing rights and welfare laws for children nationwide. CHSFL was one of the founding members of the Child Welfare League of America and was one of the only societies in the country to handle state adoptions without the aid of a state agency. The society also saw rapid growth, thanks in part to the massive fund-raising performed by Marcus Fagg; several new division offices opened throughout the state, many of whom offered special services for children. CHSFL also began offering services to unwed mothers, further committing themselves to the family rather than just simply finding homes for children.","\nOne of the saddest moments for the CHSFL was the loss of their mentor and leader, Marcus C. \"Daddy\" Fagg in 1958. After Fagg's passing, newspapers throughout Florida ran headlines announcing the loss of a great state hero. Buried in a simple grave in Jacksonville, Florida, Fagg's life and legacy still serves as a reminder to the CHSFL of their continued effort to help abused and orphaned children in the state of Florida.","\nSegregation and integration played an important role for CHSFL in the 1960s as the society began caring for and adopting out African-American children from their receiving homes. Historically, the society took in mostly white children. As the Civil Rights movement grew in the 1960's, the society re-examined the scope of its adoption policies and began taking in and offering adoption services for the African-American community. This was a significant development both for the society and for the Civil Rights movement; African-American children were being given the same adoption services as white children at a time when the issue of race was dominant in society and politics. As the country rapidly changed, so did the society, offering for the first time services in schools for handicapped, delinquent, and abused children as well children living in racially mixed households. These services would grow and define the society through to the end of the 1990s.","\nJust three years into the new millennium and the society's second century of service, the CHSFL moved its headquarters from its birthplace in Jacksonville to more centrally located offices in Winter Park, Florida. Now over one hundred years old, the CHSFL offers fourteen divisions that serve the entire state of Florida.","Collection processed by Ari Karlene Anderson; finding aid prepared by April Karlene Anderson and Katie Seeler. All paper materials have been placed in acid free folders and stored in archival containers. Some larger paper materials, such as maps and large photographs were also placed in acid free folders but are stored in archival flat files. Paper clips have been removed and replaced with plastic clips. In some cases, rusty staples have also been removed. Post-it notes have been moved to the edges of papers and copies have been made of more fragile materials such as news clippings. Photo blocks have been placed in archival trays, stored in separate bins to prevent them from scraping against one another. Any audio or visual media in cases were kept in their containers but placed collectively in archival boxes. Loose pages and items in the scrapbooks have been secured either with plastic clips or placed in archival folders and the entire book has been wrapped in acid free archival paper. Additional materials processed and integrated into the main collection by Suphi Burak Ogreten. Collection rehoused and container list revised by Asmara Cortes-Caba in 2023.","Blount Family papers , University of West Florida University Archives and West Florida History Center, Pensacola, Florida. ","Adoption Records: This collection does not contain any records on adopted individuals or families from the Children's Home Society of Florida. However, the society does have the CHS Adoptions Archive Unit which is dedicated to the preservation and research of these records. They can be found at  http://www.chsfl.org .","Books:","Georgia Gertrude Ralph,  Elements of Record Keeping for Child-Helping Organizations , (New York: The De Vinne Press, 1915.)","Lawrence Mahoney,  Children and hope : a history of the Children's Home Society of Florida , (Miami: Pickering Press, 1987).","Other Locations:","Pensacola Historical Society's Historical Resource Center, 110 East Church Street, Pensacola, Florida 32502. Phone: (850) 434-5455 Website:  http://www.pensacolahistory.org  (Western Division).","Florida Department of State, State Archives of Florida, R. A. Gray Building 500 South Bronough Street Tallahassee, FL 32399-0250. Website:  https://dos.myflorida.com/library-archives/archives .","The Children's Home Society of Florida Collection contains personal and organizational papers, photographs, audio and visual materials, as well as ledgers and scrapbooks. The collection is arranged by both content and materials types and have been organized into the following series:","\nSeries I: Biographical Files, 1900-1991, contains the files of individuals who were instrumental in the creation and/or the operations of the Children's Home Society of Florida. Correspondence makes up the majority of this series as it show the creation of the society (Comstock, Harkins, Seaton), its resurrection (Fagg), and its continued operations.","\nSeries II: State Organizational Files, 1886-2000, includes files that were used in the operations of the society as a whole. Financial documents, correspondence, reports, as well as the meeting minutes of the various committees that ran the society can be found in this series.","\nSeries III: Division Files, 1921-circa 1995, consists of files for local divisions located throughout the state. Some divisions are no longer in operation, having been closed completely or absorbed into another division. These older divisions can be found here in their original name. Meeting minutes for each division are also located here.","\nSeries IV: Photographs and Audio Visual, 1902-1997, holds both audio and visual media used by the Children's Home Society of Florida in promoting their society as well as raising funds.","\nSeries V: Ledger and Scrapbooks, 1902-1978, includes miscellaneous ledger and scrapbooks created by the Children's Home Society of Florida. The ledger books vary in format but are generally are either inventory or accounting in nature. The scrapbooks are made up of five volumes, all created by workers at the Children's Home Society of Florida. News clippings make up the majority of the scrapbooks contents but some do contain publications made by the Children's Home Society of Florida. There are also four Rose Keller Home scrapbooks made by workers at the Rose Keller Division in Lakeland, Florida. The Rose Keller Home scrapbooks give a brief history of the division as well as chronicle events at the home.","\nSeries VI: Additional Materials, 1862-2012, holds additional materials received from the Children's Home Society of Florida including organizational files, ephemera, photographs and audio/visual materials.","Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","The Children's Home Society of Florida Collection contains organizational papers and ephemera that document the creation and operations of Florida's oldest non-profit adoption agency. The collection includes organizational papers from its state and local divisions, photographs, news clippings, audio and visual media, scrapbooks, and blueprints of the many receiving homes in the state, but does not contain adoption records. Adoption records remain at the CHSFL Adoption Archive and are available by contacting the society directly.","UCF Special Collections","Children's Home Society of Florida","Florida. Department of Children and Families","Child Welfare League of America","Florida. State Board of Public Welfare","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 054","/repositories/4/resources/294"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1862-2019, bulk 1902-1997"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Children's Home Society of Florida collection, 1862-2019, bulk 1902-1997"],"collection_title_tesim":["Children's Home Society of Florida collection, 1862-2019, bulk 1902-1997"],"collection_ssim":["Children's Home Society of Florida collection, 1862-2019, bulk 1902-1997"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"creator_ssm":["Children's Home Society of Florida"],"creator_ssim":["Children's Home Society of Florida"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Children's Home Society of Florida"],"creators_ssim":["Children's Home Society of Florida"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Children's Home Society of Florida donated these materials to the University of Central Florida Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives Department in 2004 (CFM2004_04). Additional matterials were added in 2015 (CFM2015_06), 2016 (CFM2016_03), 2017 (CFM2017_05), 2020 (CFM2020_11), and 2021 (CFM2021_06)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Abandoned Children","Adoption -- Florida","Adoption -- United States -- History","Child welfare -- Florida","Foster children -- United States -- History","Nonprofit organizations -- Finance","Nonprofit organizations -- Management","Nonprofit organizations -- Planning","Poverty","Orphanages -- Florida"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Abandoned Children","Adoption -- Florida","Adoption -- United States -- History","Child welfare -- Florida","Foster children -- United States -- History","Nonprofit organizations -- Finance","Nonprofit organizations -- Management","Nonprofit organizations -- Planning","Poverty","Orphanages -- Florida"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["102.75 Linear Feet 117 boxes, 5 scrapbooks, 13 flat files"],"extent_tesim":["102.75 Linear Feet 117 boxes, 5 scrapbooks, 13 flat files"],"date_range_isim":[1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs and Audio Visual, 1902-1997 (Series IV) and Additional Materials, 1862-2019 (Series VI) contain fragile AV material. No access copies are currently available. For further information, please contact Special Collections \u0026amp; University Archives.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research.","Photographs and Audio Visual, 1902-1997 (Series IV) and Additional Materials, 1862-2019 (Series VI) contain fragile AV material. No access copies are currently available. For further information, please contact Special Collections \u0026 University Archives."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Children's Home Society of Florida Collection is arranged into 5 series by types of content as well as by types of materials. The first three series feature personal and office files which show the birth and growth of the organization, sorted at the state and local division levels. The last two series holds audio visual and photographic ephemera as well as scrapbooks created by workers at the society.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Children's Home Society of Florida Collection is arranged into 5 series by types of content as well as by types of materials. The first three series feature personal and office files which show the birth and growth of the organization, sorted at the state and local division levels. The last two series holds audio visual and photographic ephemera as well as scrapbooks created by workers at the society."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTo be an orphan in Florida at the turn of the twentieth century was a dangerous prospect. Children were being orphaned due to farm and industrial accidents and numerous poor families had to give up children they could no longer afford. Many children were abused and there were few laws that protected children's rights. Homeless children had little place to go where they could be safe, properly cared for, and loved.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nIn response to this increasing crisis, the National Children's Home Society was formed in Illinois in 1883 to help place children who had been orphaned in farming and industrial accidents, spreading to several other states over the next decade. The Revered D. W. Comstock came to Jacksonville, Florida in 1902 as a representative of the National Children's Home Society to help organize the state's first child welfare society. On November 17, 1902, with the help of Rev. D. W. Comstock and Jacksonville's city and religious leaders, The Children's Home Society of Florida (CHSFL) was established. The welfare of the child was the society's primary focus, making sure that if the family could not be preserved that the child was placed in a happy and healthy home.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThe CHSFL was developed as a non-profit organization, relying solely on donations from the community. Fund-raising efforts began as administrative duties were carried out in private homes around the city. The children were also were being cared for in private residences as there was not yet a home secured for the society to board its charges. The CHSFL committed itself to not only children but to babies who were not accepted until the age of three at state orphanages (Mahoney, 5). Money was tight for the society and within the first few years, the CHSFL found itself in deep debt. By September of 1910, the CHSFL was facing the possibility of ending operations when a new state superintendent for the society entered its doors. Marcus C. Fagg was just 24 when he took control of the CHSFL but within a few short months, he had already obtained funding to start his first appeals drive. Many in the society to this day believe that it was Marcus C. Fagg who saved the CHSFL from closing its doors and built it to the standards that society members and workers adhere to today. Fagg's compassion towards children also did not go unnoticed; from his early years with the CHSFL, many children he helped referred to him as \"Daddy\" Fagg as a token of their appreciation for finding them loving homes.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nMarcus Fagg brought innovative solutions to a dire financial situation. Using land donated or sold at cost to the society, Fagg either rented or sold land at higher costs to turn a profit. Fagg also helped poor families by renting them homes at drastically reduced rental costs with an option to later buy the homes. Marcus Fagg helped dozens of poor families regain their footing while also helping the CHSFL emerge from a deep hole of financial debt.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThough Marcus Fagg began to save the society financially, the society still fell on hard times. The country became entangled in the agony of the Great Depression in the 1930s and the CHSFL suffered with the rest of the nation. The Miami receiving home was lost due to a lack of finances but was thankfully picked up and operated by the Junior League until 1936 when CHSFL was able to once again run the home. Marcus Fagg also made history in 1932 by becoming the first chairman of the new Florida State Welfare Board. Through the 1940s and 1950s, CHSFL was instrumental in securing rights and welfare laws for children nationwide. CHSFL was one of the founding members of the Child Welfare League of America and was one of the only societies in the country to handle state adoptions without the aid of a state agency. The society also saw rapid growth, thanks in part to the massive fund-raising performed by Marcus Fagg; several new division offices opened throughout the state, many of whom offered special services for children. CHSFL also began offering services to unwed mothers, further committing themselves to the family rather than just simply finding homes for children.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nOne of the saddest moments for the CHSFL was the loss of their mentor and leader, Marcus C. \"Daddy\" Fagg in 1958. After Fagg's passing, newspapers throughout Florida ran headlines announcing the loss of a great state hero. Buried in a simple grave in Jacksonville, Florida, Fagg's life and legacy still serves as a reminder to the CHSFL of their continued effort to help abused and orphaned children in the state of Florida.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSegregation and integration played an important role for CHSFL in the 1960s as the society began caring for and adopting out African-American children from their receiving homes. Historically, the society took in mostly white children. As the Civil Rights movement grew in the 1960's, the society re-examined the scope of its adoption policies and began taking in and offering adoption services for the African-American community. This was a significant development both for the society and for the Civil Rights movement; African-American children were being given the same adoption services as white children at a time when the issue of race was dominant in society and politics. As the country rapidly changed, so did the society, offering for the first time services in schools for handicapped, delinquent, and abused children as well children living in racially mixed households. These services would grow and define the society through to the end of the 1990s.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nJust three years into the new millennium and the society's second century of service, the CHSFL moved its headquarters from its birthplace in Jacksonville to more centrally located offices in Winter Park, Florida. Now over one hundred years old, the CHSFL offers fourteen divisions that serve the entire state of Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["To be an orphan in Florida at the turn of the twentieth century was a dangerous prospect. Children were being orphaned due to farm and industrial accidents and numerous poor families had to give up children they could no longer afford. Many children were abused and there were few laws that protected children's rights. Homeless children had little place to go where they could be safe, properly cared for, and loved.","\nIn response to this increasing crisis, the National Children's Home Society was formed in Illinois in 1883 to help place children who had been orphaned in farming and industrial accidents, spreading to several other states over the next decade. The Revered D. W. Comstock came to Jacksonville, Florida in 1902 as a representative of the National Children's Home Society to help organize the state's first child welfare society. On November 17, 1902, with the help of Rev. D. W. Comstock and Jacksonville's city and religious leaders, The Children's Home Society of Florida (CHSFL) was established. The welfare of the child was the society's primary focus, making sure that if the family could not be preserved that the child was placed in a happy and healthy home.","\nThe CHSFL was developed as a non-profit organization, relying solely on donations from the community. Fund-raising efforts began as administrative duties were carried out in private homes around the city. The children were also were being cared for in private residences as there was not yet a home secured for the society to board its charges. The CHSFL committed itself to not only children but to babies who were not accepted until the age of three at state orphanages (Mahoney, 5). Money was tight for the society and within the first few years, the CHSFL found itself in deep debt. By September of 1910, the CHSFL was facing the possibility of ending operations when a new state superintendent for the society entered its doors. Marcus C. Fagg was just 24 when he took control of the CHSFL but within a few short months, he had already obtained funding to start his first appeals drive. Many in the society to this day believe that it was Marcus C. Fagg who saved the CHSFL from closing its doors and built it to the standards that society members and workers adhere to today. Fagg's compassion towards children also did not go unnoticed; from his early years with the CHSFL, many children he helped referred to him as \"Daddy\" Fagg as a token of their appreciation for finding them loving homes.","\nMarcus Fagg brought innovative solutions to a dire financial situation. Using land donated or sold at cost to the society, Fagg either rented or sold land at higher costs to turn a profit. Fagg also helped poor families by renting them homes at drastically reduced rental costs with an option to later buy the homes. Marcus Fagg helped dozens of poor families regain their footing while also helping the CHSFL emerge from a deep hole of financial debt.","\nThough Marcus Fagg began to save the society financially, the society still fell on hard times. The country became entangled in the agony of the Great Depression in the 1930s and the CHSFL suffered with the rest of the nation. The Miami receiving home was lost due to a lack of finances but was thankfully picked up and operated by the Junior League until 1936 when CHSFL was able to once again run the home. Marcus Fagg also made history in 1932 by becoming the first chairman of the new Florida State Welfare Board. Through the 1940s and 1950s, CHSFL was instrumental in securing rights and welfare laws for children nationwide. CHSFL was one of the founding members of the Child Welfare League of America and was one of the only societies in the country to handle state adoptions without the aid of a state agency. The society also saw rapid growth, thanks in part to the massive fund-raising performed by Marcus Fagg; several new division offices opened throughout the state, many of whom offered special services for children. CHSFL also began offering services to unwed mothers, further committing themselves to the family rather than just simply finding homes for children.","\nOne of the saddest moments for the CHSFL was the loss of their mentor and leader, Marcus C. \"Daddy\" Fagg in 1958. After Fagg's passing, newspapers throughout Florida ran headlines announcing the loss of a great state hero. Buried in a simple grave in Jacksonville, Florida, Fagg's life and legacy still serves as a reminder to the CHSFL of their continued effort to help abused and orphaned children in the state of Florida.","\nSegregation and integration played an important role for CHSFL in the 1960s as the society began caring for and adopting out African-American children from their receiving homes. Historically, the society took in mostly white children. As the Civil Rights movement grew in the 1960's, the society re-examined the scope of its adoption policies and began taking in and offering adoption services for the African-American community. This was a significant development both for the society and for the Civil Rights movement; African-American children were being given the same adoption services as white children at a time when the issue of race was dominant in society and politics. As the country rapidly changed, so did the society, offering for the first time services in schools for handicapped, delinquent, and abused children as well children living in racially mixed households. These services would grow and define the society through to the end of the 1990s.","\nJust three years into the new millennium and the society's second century of service, the CHSFL moved its headquarters from its birthplace in Jacksonville to more centrally located offices in Winter Park, Florida. Now over one hundred years old, the CHSFL offers fourteen divisions that serve the entire state of Florida."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Children's Home Society of Florida Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["The Children's Home Society of Florida Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection processed by Ari Karlene Anderson; finding aid prepared by April Karlene Anderson and Katie Seeler. All paper materials have been placed in acid free folders and stored in archival containers. Some larger paper materials, such as maps and large photographs were also placed in acid free folders but are stored in archival flat files. Paper clips have been removed and replaced with plastic clips. In some cases, rusty staples have also been removed. Post-it notes have been moved to the edges of papers and copies have been made of more fragile materials such as news clippings. Photo blocks have been placed in archival trays, stored in separate bins to prevent them from scraping against one another. Any audio or visual media in cases were kept in their containers but placed collectively in archival boxes. Loose pages and items in the scrapbooks have been secured either with plastic clips or placed in archival folders and the entire book has been wrapped in acid free archival paper. Additional materials processed and integrated into the main collection by Suphi Burak Ogreten. Collection rehoused and container list revised by Asmara Cortes-Caba in 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Collection processed by Ari Karlene Anderson; finding aid prepared by April Karlene Anderson and Katie Seeler. All paper materials have been placed in acid free folders and stored in archival containers. Some larger paper materials, such as maps and large photographs were also placed in acid free folders but are stored in archival flat files. Paper clips have been removed and replaced with plastic clips. In some cases, rusty staples have also been removed. Post-it notes have been moved to the edges of papers and copies have been made of more fragile materials such as news clippings. Photo blocks have been placed in archival trays, stored in separate bins to prevent them from scraping against one another. Any audio or visual media in cases were kept in their containers but placed collectively in archival boxes. Loose pages and items in the scrapbooks have been secured either with plastic clips or placed in archival folders and the entire book has been wrapped in acid free archival paper. Additional materials processed and integrated into the main collection by Suphi Burak Ogreten. Collection rehoused and container list revised by Asmara Cortes-Caba in 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref href=\"https://uwf.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/350\"\u003eBlount Family papers\u003c/extref\u003e, University of West Florida University Archives and West Florida History Center, Pensacola, Florida. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAdoption Records: This collection does not contain any records on adopted individuals or families from the Children's Home Society of Florida. However, the society does have the CHS Adoptions Archive Unit which is dedicated to the preservation and research of these records. They can be found at \u003cextref href=\"http://www.chsfl.org\"\u003ehttp://www.chsfl.org\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBooks:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorgia Gertrude Ralph, \u003cextref href=\"https://ucf-flvc.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01FALSC_UCF/6a1ouu/alma990260914050306596\"\u003eElements of Record Keeping for Child-Helping Organizations\u003c/extref\u003e, (New York: The De Vinne Press, 1915.)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLawrence Mahoney, \u003cextref href=\"https://ucf-flvc.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01FALSC_UCF/6a1ouu/alma990211238530306596\"\u003eChildren and hope : a history of the Children's Home Society of Florida\u003c/extref\u003e, (Miami: Pickering Press, 1987).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOther Locations:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePensacola Historical Society's Historical Resource Center, 110 East Church Street, Pensacola, Florida 32502. Phone: (850) 434-5455 Website: \u003cextref href=\"http://www.pensacolahistory.org\"\u003ehttp://www.pensacolahistory.org\u003c/extref\u003e (Western Division).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFlorida Department of State, State Archives of Florida, R. A. Gray Building 500 South Bronough Street Tallahassee, FL 32399-0250. Website: \u003cextref href=\"https://dos.myflorida.com/library-archives/archives\"\u003ehttps://dos.myflorida.com/library-archives/archives\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Blount Family papers , University of West Florida University Archives and West Florida History Center, Pensacola, Florida. ","Adoption Records: This collection does not contain any records on adopted individuals or families from the Children's Home Society of Florida. However, the society does have the CHS Adoptions Archive Unit which is dedicated to the preservation and research of these records. They can be found at  http://www.chsfl.org .","Books:","Georgia Gertrude Ralph,  Elements of Record Keeping for Child-Helping Organizations , (New York: The De Vinne Press, 1915.)","Lawrence Mahoney,  Children and hope : a history of the Children's Home Society of Florida , (Miami: Pickering Press, 1987).","Other Locations:","Pensacola Historical Society's Historical Resource Center, 110 East Church Street, Pensacola, Florida 32502. Phone: (850) 434-5455 Website:  http://www.pensacolahistory.org  (Western Division).","Florida Department of State, State Archives of Florida, R. A. Gray Building 500 South Bronough Street Tallahassee, FL 32399-0250. Website:  https://dos.myflorida.com/library-archives/archives ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Children's Home Society of Florida Collection contains personal and organizational papers, photographs, audio and visual materials, as well as ledgers and scrapbooks. The collection is arranged by both content and materials types and have been organized into the following series:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries I: Biographical Files, 1900-1991, contains the files of individuals who were instrumental in the creation and/or the operations of the Children's Home Society of Florida. Correspondence makes up the majority of this series as it show the creation of the society (Comstock, Harkins, Seaton), its resurrection (Fagg), and its continued operations.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries II: State Organizational Files, 1886-2000, includes files that were used in the operations of the society as a whole. Financial documents, correspondence, reports, as well as the meeting minutes of the various committees that ran the society can be found in this series.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries III: Division Files, 1921-circa 1995, consists of files for local divisions located throughout the state. Some divisions are no longer in operation, having been closed completely or absorbed into another division. These older divisions can be found here in their original name. Meeting minutes for each division are also located here.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries IV: Photographs and Audio Visual, 1902-1997, holds both audio and visual media used by the Children's Home Society of Florida in promoting their society as well as raising funds.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries V: Ledger and Scrapbooks, 1902-1978, includes miscellaneous ledger and scrapbooks created by the Children's Home Society of Florida. The ledger books vary in format but are generally are either inventory or accounting in nature. The scrapbooks are made up of five volumes, all created by workers at the Children's Home Society of Florida. News clippings make up the majority of the scrapbooks contents but some do contain publications made by the Children's Home Society of Florida. There are also four Rose Keller Home scrapbooks made by workers at the Rose Keller Division in Lakeland, Florida. The Rose Keller Home scrapbooks give a brief history of the division as well as chronicle events at the home.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VI: Additional Materials, 1862-2012, holds additional materials received from the Children's Home Society of Florida including organizational files, ephemera, photographs and audio/visual materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Children's Home Society of Florida Collection contains personal and organizational papers, photographs, audio and visual materials, as well as ledgers and scrapbooks. The collection is arranged by both content and materials types and have been organized into the following series:","\nSeries I: Biographical Files, 1900-1991, contains the files of individuals who were instrumental in the creation and/or the operations of the Children's Home Society of Florida. Correspondence makes up the majority of this series as it show the creation of the society (Comstock, Harkins, Seaton), its resurrection (Fagg), and its continued operations.","\nSeries II: State Organizational Files, 1886-2000, includes files that were used in the operations of the society as a whole. Financial documents, correspondence, reports, as well as the meeting minutes of the various committees that ran the society can be found in this series.","\nSeries III: Division Files, 1921-circa 1995, consists of files for local divisions located throughout the state. Some divisions are no longer in operation, having been closed completely or absorbed into another division. These older divisions can be found here in their original name. Meeting minutes for each division are also located here.","\nSeries IV: Photographs and Audio Visual, 1902-1997, holds both audio and visual media used by the Children's Home Society of Florida in promoting their society as well as raising funds.","\nSeries V: Ledger and Scrapbooks, 1902-1978, includes miscellaneous ledger and scrapbooks created by the Children's Home Society of Florida. The ledger books vary in format but are generally are either inventory or accounting in nature. The scrapbooks are made up of five volumes, all created by workers at the Children's Home Society of Florida. News clippings make up the majority of the scrapbooks contents but some do contain publications made by the Children's Home Society of Florida. There are also four Rose Keller Home scrapbooks made by workers at the Rose Keller Division in Lakeland, Florida. The Rose Keller Home scrapbooks give a brief history of the division as well as chronicle events at the home.","\nSeries VI: Additional Materials, 1862-2012, holds additional materials received from the Children's Home Society of Florida including organizational files, ephemera, photographs and audio/visual materials."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Copyright Statement"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_116bbdee47170dbab5d0053b5cc9d529\"\u003eThe Children's Home Society of Florida Collection contains organizational papers and ephemera that document the creation and operations of Florida's oldest non-profit adoption agency. The collection includes organizational papers from its state and local divisions, photographs, news clippings, audio and visual media, scrapbooks, and blueprints of the many receiving homes in the state, but does not contain adoption records. Adoption records remain at the CHSFL Adoption Archive and are available by contacting the society directly.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Children's Home Society of Florida Collection contains organizational papers and ephemera that document the creation and operations of Florida's oldest non-profit adoption agency. The collection includes organizational papers from its state and local divisions, photographs, news clippings, audio and visual media, scrapbooks, and blueprints of the many receiving homes in the state, but does not contain adoption records. Adoption records remain at the CHSFL Adoption Archive and are available by contacting the society directly."],"names_coll_ssim":["Florida. Department of Children and Families","Child Welfare League of America","Florida. State Board of Public Welfare"],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Children's Home Society of Florida","Florida. Department of Children and Families","Child Welfare League of America","Florida. State Board of Public Welfare"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Children's Home Society of Florida","Florida. Department of Children and Families","Child Welfare League of America","Florida. State Board of Public Welfare"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1225,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870857973089173504,"_root_":"f98896827f16d52b3168e472","timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:06:38.475Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/f98896827f16d52b3168e472_aspace_0347cfeb7d76f64d6a8f64a61ef8b17b"}},{"id":"ed27cb707788cfb9db44d319","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"International Association of Fire Fighters, bulk date unknown","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/ed27cb707788cfb9db44d319#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains union disputes involving the International Association of Fire Fighters (IAFF) and counties and cities across the United States, such as Los Angeles, Coral Gables, and Buffalo. The documents used to understand the terms of these negotiations include bargaining agreements, contracts, case files, court hearings, personal statements, wage statistics, and salary negotiations. Additional disputes relate to age discrimination, retroactive pay, and grievances.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/ed27cb707788cfb9db44d319#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"ed27cb707788cfb9db44d319","title_ssm":["International Association of Fire Fighters"],"title_tesim":["International Association of Fire Fighters"],"ead_ssi":"ed27cb707788cfb9db44d319","unitdate_ssm":["date unknown"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["date unknown"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SPC5040-1","/repositories/2/resources/31"],"text":["SPC5040-1","/repositories/2/resources/31","International Association of Fire Fighters, bulk date unknown","The collection is open for research.","The International Association of Fire Fighters (IAFF) is a labor union representing firefighters and emergency medical services personnel in the United States and Canada. Formed in 1918 for the purpose of negotiating for better wages, benefits, working conditions and improved safety for union members. It is affiliated with the American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO) in the United States and the Canadian Labor Congress in Canada. Currently, the IAFF has more than 316,000 members in its more than 3,200 affiliate organizations.","This collection contains union disputes involving the International Association of Fire Fighters (IAFF) and counties and cities across the United States, such as Los Angeles, Coral Gables, and Buffalo. The documents used to understand the terms of these negotiations include bargaining agreements, contracts, case files, court hearings, personal statements, wage statistics, and salary negotiations. Additional disputes relate to age discrimination, retroactive pay, and grievances.","Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general","FIU Special Collections","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SPC5040-1","/repositories/2/resources/31"],"normalized_date_ssm":["bulk date unknown"],"normalized_title_ssm":["International Association of Fire Fighters, bulk date unknown"],"collection_title_tesim":["International Association of Fire Fighters, bulk date unknown"],"collection_ssim":["International Association of Fire Fighters, bulk date unknown"],"repository_ssm":["FIU Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donation"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.00 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["0.00 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe International Association of Fire Fighters (IAFF) is a labor union representing firefighters and emergency medical services personnel in the United States and Canada. Formed in 1918 for the purpose of negotiating for better wages, benefits, working conditions and improved safety for union members. It is affiliated with the American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO) in the United States and the Canadian Labor Congress in Canada. Currently, the IAFF has more than 316,000 members in its more than 3,200 affiliate organizations.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The International Association of Fire Fighters (IAFF) is a labor union representing firefighters and emergency medical services personnel in the United States and Canada. Formed in 1918 for the purpose of negotiating for better wages, benefits, working conditions and improved safety for union members. It is affiliated with the American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO) in the United States and the Canadian Labor Congress in Canada. Currently, the IAFF has more than 316,000 members in its more than 3,200 affiliate organizations."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains union disputes involving the International Association of Fire Fighters (IAFF) and counties and cities across the United States, such as Los Angeles, Coral Gables, and Buffalo. The documents used to understand the terms of these negotiations include bargaining agreements, contracts, case files, court hearings, personal statements, wage statistics, and salary negotiations. Additional disputes relate to age discrimination, retroactive pay, and grievances.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains union disputes involving the International Association of Fire Fighters (IAFF) and counties and cities across the United States, such as Los Angeles, Coral Gables, and Buffalo. The documents used to understand the terms of these negotiations include bargaining agreements, contracts, case files, court hearings, personal statements, wage statistics, and salary negotiations. Additional disputes relate to age discrimination, retroactive pay, and grievances."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections \u0026amp; University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"names_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"corpname_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":316,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870844576987611136,"_root_":"ed27cb707788cfb9db44d319","timestamp":"2026-07-16T04:33:43.057Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"ed27cb707788cfb9db44d319","title_ssm":["International Association of Fire Fighters"],"title_tesim":["International Association of Fire Fighters"],"ead_ssi":"ed27cb707788cfb9db44d319","unitdate_ssm":["date unknown"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["date unknown"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SPC5040-1","/repositories/2/resources/31"],"text":["SPC5040-1","/repositories/2/resources/31","International Association of Fire Fighters, bulk date unknown","The collection is open for research.","The International Association of Fire Fighters (IAFF) is a labor union representing firefighters and emergency medical services personnel in the United States and Canada. Formed in 1918 for the purpose of negotiating for better wages, benefits, working conditions and improved safety for union members. It is affiliated with the American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO) in the United States and the Canadian Labor Congress in Canada. Currently, the IAFF has more than 316,000 members in its more than 3,200 affiliate organizations.","This collection contains union disputes involving the International Association of Fire Fighters (IAFF) and counties and cities across the United States, such as Los Angeles, Coral Gables, and Buffalo. The documents used to understand the terms of these negotiations include bargaining agreements, contracts, case files, court hearings, personal statements, wage statistics, and salary negotiations. Additional disputes relate to age discrimination, retroactive pay, and grievances.","Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general","FIU Special Collections","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SPC5040-1","/repositories/2/resources/31"],"normalized_date_ssm":["bulk date unknown"],"normalized_title_ssm":["International Association of Fire Fighters, bulk date unknown"],"collection_title_tesim":["International Association of Fire Fighters, bulk date unknown"],"collection_ssim":["International Association of Fire Fighters, bulk date unknown"],"repository_ssm":["FIU Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donation"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.00 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["0.00 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe International Association of Fire Fighters (IAFF) is a labor union representing firefighters and emergency medical services personnel in the United States and Canada. Formed in 1918 for the purpose of negotiating for better wages, benefits, working conditions and improved safety for union members. It is affiliated with the American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO) in the United States and the Canadian Labor Congress in Canada. Currently, the IAFF has more than 316,000 members in its more than 3,200 affiliate organizations.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The International Association of Fire Fighters (IAFF) is a labor union representing firefighters and emergency medical services personnel in the United States and Canada. Formed in 1918 for the purpose of negotiating for better wages, benefits, working conditions and improved safety for union members. It is affiliated with the American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO) in the United States and the Canadian Labor Congress in Canada. Currently, the IAFF has more than 316,000 members in its more than 3,200 affiliate organizations."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains union disputes involving the International Association of Fire Fighters (IAFF) and counties and cities across the United States, such as Los Angeles, Coral Gables, and Buffalo. The documents used to understand the terms of these negotiations include bargaining agreements, contracts, case files, court hearings, personal statements, wage statistics, and salary negotiations. Additional disputes relate to age discrimination, retroactive pay, and grievances.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains union disputes involving the International Association of Fire Fighters (IAFF) and counties and cities across the United States, such as Los Angeles, Coral Gables, and Buffalo. The documents used to understand the terms of these negotiations include bargaining agreements, contracts, case files, court hearings, personal statements, wage statistics, and salary negotiations. Additional disputes relate to age discrimination, retroactive pay, and grievances."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections \u0026amp; University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"names_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"corpname_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":316,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870844576987611136,"_root_":"ed27cb707788cfb9db44d319","timestamp":"2026-07-16T04:33:43.057Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/ed27cb707788cfb9db44d319"}},{"id":"9c3ba30049e9c34638a5cc6f","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"International Association of Machinist Aerospace Workers, bulk 1977-1998","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/9c3ba30049e9c34638a5cc6f#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection depicts the legal disputes of the International Association of Machinist Aerospace Workers (IAM) labor union. This includes conferences, sourcebooks, organizer tool kits, manuals, voting records, and records of board meetings. Additionally, statistics are held in the rise and fall of memberships based on national circumstances, such as Reagans increased military spending in the 1980s.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/9c3ba30049e9c34638a5cc6f#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"9c3ba30049e9c34638a5cc6f","title_ssm":["International Association of Machinist Aerospace Workers"],"title_tesim":["International Association of Machinist Aerospace Workers"],"ead_ssi":"9c3ba30049e9c34638a5cc6f","unitdate_ssm":["1977-1998"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1977-1998"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SPC5041-6","/repositories/2/resources/48"],"text":["SPC5041-6","/repositories/2/resources/48","International Association of Machinist Aerospace Workers, bulk 1977-1998","The collection is open for research.","The International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers (IAM) is an American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL–CIO) trade union. Representing over 600,000 workers in more than 200 industries with most of its membership in the United States and Canada, the IAM, like many other labor unions, had the ultimate goal of providing its members with fair wages, safer working conditions, and appropriate pensions. Founded in 1888 by Thomas W. Talbot, who was originally a member of the Knights of Labor, believed in the protection of mechanics and railroad workers following the industrial boom during the American Industrial Revolution as labor was considered exploited. By the end of World War I, nearly 300,000 members were members of the IAM, but during the Depression Years those numbers dropped to under 50,000 with under half being employed. Following the end of World War II and with the Cold War being in full effect, membership in the IAM escalated to nearly 900,000 with the advent of jet-engines, more commercial flying, and a high demand for military aircraft.","This collection depicts the legal disputes of the International Association of Machinist Aerospace Workers (IAM) labor union. This includes conferences, sourcebooks, organizer tool kits, manuals, voting records, and records of board meetings. Additionally, statistics are held in the rise and fall of memberships based on national circumstances, such as Reagans increased military spending in the 1980s.","Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general","FIU Special Collections","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SPC5041-6","/repositories/2/resources/48"],"normalized_date_ssm":["bulk 1977-1998"],"normalized_title_ssm":["International Association of Machinist Aerospace Workers, bulk 1977-1998"],"collection_title_tesim":["International Association of Machinist Aerospace Workers, bulk 1977-1998"],"collection_ssim":["International Association of Machinist Aerospace Workers, bulk 1977-1998"],"repository_ssm":["FIU Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donation"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.00 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["0.00 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers (IAM) is an American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL\u0026#x2013;CIO) trade union. Representing over 600,000 workers in more than 200 industries with most of its membership in the United States and Canada, the IAM, like many other labor unions, had the ultimate goal of providing its members with fair wages, safer working conditions, and appropriate pensions. Founded in 1888 by Thomas W. Talbot, who was originally a member of the Knights of Labor, believed in the protection of mechanics and railroad workers following the industrial boom during the American Industrial Revolution as labor was considered exploited. By the end of World War I, nearly 300,000 members were members of the IAM, but during the Depression Years those numbers dropped to under 50,000 with under half being employed. Following the end of World War II and with the Cold War being in full effect, membership in the IAM escalated to nearly 900,000 with the advent of jet-engines, more commercial flying, and a high demand for military aircraft.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers (IAM) is an American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL–CIO) trade union. Representing over 600,000 workers in more than 200 industries with most of its membership in the United States and Canada, the IAM, like many other labor unions, had the ultimate goal of providing its members with fair wages, safer working conditions, and appropriate pensions. Founded in 1888 by Thomas W. Talbot, who was originally a member of the Knights of Labor, believed in the protection of mechanics and railroad workers following the industrial boom during the American Industrial Revolution as labor was considered exploited. By the end of World War I, nearly 300,000 members were members of the IAM, but during the Depression Years those numbers dropped to under 50,000 with under half being employed. Following the end of World War II and with the Cold War being in full effect, membership in the IAM escalated to nearly 900,000 with the advent of jet-engines, more commercial flying, and a high demand for military aircraft."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection depicts the legal disputes of the International Association of Machinist Aerospace Workers (IAM) labor union. This includes conferences, sourcebooks, organizer tool kits, manuals, voting records, and records of board meetings. Additionally, statistics are held in the rise and fall of memberships based on national circumstances, such as Reagans increased military spending in the 1980s.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection depicts the legal disputes of the International Association of Machinist Aerospace Workers (IAM) labor union. This includes conferences, sourcebooks, organizer tool kits, manuals, voting records, and records of board meetings. Additionally, statistics are held in the rise and fall of memberships based on national circumstances, such as Reagans increased military spending in the 1980s."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections \u0026amp; University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"names_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"corpname_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":249,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870844593231101952,"_root_":"9c3ba30049e9c34638a5cc6f","timestamp":"2026-07-16T04:33:58.550Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"9c3ba30049e9c34638a5cc6f","title_ssm":["International Association of Machinist Aerospace Workers"],"title_tesim":["International Association of Machinist Aerospace Workers"],"ead_ssi":"9c3ba30049e9c34638a5cc6f","unitdate_ssm":["1977-1998"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1977-1998"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SPC5041-6","/repositories/2/resources/48"],"text":["SPC5041-6","/repositories/2/resources/48","International Association of Machinist Aerospace Workers, bulk 1977-1998","The collection is open for research.","The International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers (IAM) is an American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL–CIO) trade union. Representing over 600,000 workers in more than 200 industries with most of its membership in the United States and Canada, the IAM, like many other labor unions, had the ultimate goal of providing its members with fair wages, safer working conditions, and appropriate pensions. Founded in 1888 by Thomas W. Talbot, who was originally a member of the Knights of Labor, believed in the protection of mechanics and railroad workers following the industrial boom during the American Industrial Revolution as labor was considered exploited. By the end of World War I, nearly 300,000 members were members of the IAM, but during the Depression Years those numbers dropped to under 50,000 with under half being employed. Following the end of World War II and with the Cold War being in full effect, membership in the IAM escalated to nearly 900,000 with the advent of jet-engines, more commercial flying, and a high demand for military aircraft.","This collection depicts the legal disputes of the International Association of Machinist Aerospace Workers (IAM) labor union. This includes conferences, sourcebooks, organizer tool kits, manuals, voting records, and records of board meetings. Additionally, statistics are held in the rise and fall of memberships based on national circumstances, such as Reagans increased military spending in the 1980s.","Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general","FIU Special Collections","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SPC5041-6","/repositories/2/resources/48"],"normalized_date_ssm":["bulk 1977-1998"],"normalized_title_ssm":["International Association of Machinist Aerospace Workers, bulk 1977-1998"],"collection_title_tesim":["International Association of Machinist Aerospace Workers, bulk 1977-1998"],"collection_ssim":["International Association of Machinist Aerospace Workers, bulk 1977-1998"],"repository_ssm":["FIU Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donation"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.00 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["0.00 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers (IAM) is an American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL\u0026#x2013;CIO) trade union. Representing over 600,000 workers in more than 200 industries with most of its membership in the United States and Canada, the IAM, like many other labor unions, had the ultimate goal of providing its members with fair wages, safer working conditions, and appropriate pensions. Founded in 1888 by Thomas W. Talbot, who was originally a member of the Knights of Labor, believed in the protection of mechanics and railroad workers following the industrial boom during the American Industrial Revolution as labor was considered exploited. By the end of World War I, nearly 300,000 members were members of the IAM, but during the Depression Years those numbers dropped to under 50,000 with under half being employed. Following the end of World War II and with the Cold War being in full effect, membership in the IAM escalated to nearly 900,000 with the advent of jet-engines, more commercial flying, and a high demand for military aircraft.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers (IAM) is an American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL–CIO) trade union. Representing over 600,000 workers in more than 200 industries with most of its membership in the United States and Canada, the IAM, like many other labor unions, had the ultimate goal of providing its members with fair wages, safer working conditions, and appropriate pensions. Founded in 1888 by Thomas W. Talbot, who was originally a member of the Knights of Labor, believed in the protection of mechanics and railroad workers following the industrial boom during the American Industrial Revolution as labor was considered exploited. By the end of World War I, nearly 300,000 members were members of the IAM, but during the Depression Years those numbers dropped to under 50,000 with under half being employed. Following the end of World War II and with the Cold War being in full effect, membership in the IAM escalated to nearly 900,000 with the advent of jet-engines, more commercial flying, and a high demand for military aircraft."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection depicts the legal disputes of the International Association of Machinist Aerospace Workers (IAM) labor union. This includes conferences, sourcebooks, organizer tool kits, manuals, voting records, and records of board meetings. Additionally, statistics are held in the rise and fall of memberships based on national circumstances, such as Reagans increased military spending in the 1980s.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection depicts the legal disputes of the International Association of Machinist Aerospace Workers (IAM) labor union. This includes conferences, sourcebooks, organizer tool kits, manuals, voting records, and records of board meetings. Additionally, statistics are held in the rise and fall of memberships based on national circumstances, such as Reagans increased military spending in the 1980s."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections \u0026amp; University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"names_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"corpname_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":249,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870844593231101952,"_root_":"9c3ba30049e9c34638a5cc6f","timestamp":"2026-07-16T04:33:58.550Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/9c3ba30049e9c34638a5cc6f"}},{"id":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_53659","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"\"International Checklist of Bromeliad Hybrids\", 1979","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_53659#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_53659","ref_ssm":["aspace_53659","aspace_53659"],"id":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_53659","title_filing_ssi":"\"International Checklist of Bromeliad Hybrids\"","title_ssm":["\"International Checklist of Bromeliad Hybrids\""],"title_tesim":["\"International Checklist of Bromeliad Hybrids\""],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1979"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1979"],"normalized_title_ssm":["\"International Checklist of Bromeliad Hybrids\", 1979"],"text":["\"International Checklist of Bromeliad Hybrids\", 1979","Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014","Author Files, 1754-1997.","Folder 6","/repositories/4/archival_objects/34868","box 90","folder 6"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_53072"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014","Author Files, 1754-1997."],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014","Author Files, 1754-1997."],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["Folder 6","/repositories/4/archival_objects/34868"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":2181,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The entire collection is open for research except for the following:\n\n  Boxes 180-181: Personal correspondence\n  Boxes 213-214: Manuscript of \"Brazil: Orchid of the Tropics\"\n"],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder."],"date_range_isim":[1979],"containers_ssim":["box 90","folder 6"],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#565","_nest_parent_":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_53072","_root_":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","timestamp":"2026-07-11T02:53:59.490Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","title_ssm":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection"],"title_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection"],"ead_ssi":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","unitdate_ssm":["1754-2014"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1754-2014"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 068","/repositories/4/resources/148"],"text":["SC 068","/repositories/4/resources/148","Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014","Marineland (Fla.)","Botany","Botany -- Brazil","Bromeliaceae","Bromelin","Cooking (Pineapples)","Pineapple","Plant hybridization","botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)","The entire collection is open for research except for the following:\n Boxes 180-181: Personal correspondence Boxes 213-214: Manuscript of \"Brazil: Orchid of the Tropics\"","The collection is divided into eight series by type of file.","Michael A. Spencer was born in Orlando and grew up in Winter Garden, Florida. He worked at Sand Hill Nursery near Lake Avalon and the Land of Bromeliads in Gotha before finding employment with Julian Nally. After the Nally estate was sold, Spencer worked for Racine Foster at Bromel-La. He graduated from UCF in 1990 summa cum laude with a BA in Liberal Studies and then found employment with Lyman B. Smith at the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History. Michael Spencer named a genus of bromeliads \"Racinaea\" in honor of Racine Foster. While engaged in his research, Spencer amassed this collection of materials concerning bromeliads and their collectors. He now lives in Frederick, Maryland where he has served on the Historic Preservation Commission since 2004.","Materials were rehoused in pH neutral folders and cartons. Photographs, negatives and slides were enclosed in polyester sleeves. Many of the materials were well organized and the arrangement was retained. The remainder were arranged by following the original arrangement as far as possible. Notes on folders were retained in the new folder. Paper clips were replaced with plastic clips or materials that belonged together were held together in a pH neutral paper sleeve. Loose-leaf notebooks that were badly rusted were discarded and the contents placed in folders. Items loose in the back of notebooks were foldered separately and marked accordingly. Notes from a film canister were written exactly as found as the label could not be removed. Albums falling apart were taken apart and foldered. Albums in reasonable condition had the photographs attached properly with corners and the pages interleaved to prevent sticking. Loose album pages in the Foster subseries on Plant Information were merely foldered as they were not in an album and were found without context. Collecion rehoused and finding aid revised by Chynna Thomas in 2023.","A large book collection accompanies this collection and may be accessed by performing a series search \"Michael A. Spencer Collection\" in the UCF Library  Online Catalog .  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Julian Nally ,  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Theodore Mead ,  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Henry Nehrling  and the  Henry Nehrling Papers  are also available in Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries. Some paintings by Mulford Foster are held at the  Harry P. Leu Gardens . The  Henry Nehrling Collection  and the  Theodore L. Mead Collection  are held at Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida. Lyman Smith's Papers are held at the  Smithsonian Institution Archives .","Series I: Mulford and Racine Foster Files, 1910-1991 documents the work of these two individuals in discovering and propagating bromeliads. Correspondence, publications, notebooks, drawings, research materials, memorabilia and photographs show all aspects of their work including plant collecting, landscape designing and publishing. Photographs may be black and white or color prints, negatives or slides. Additional materials about the Fosters may be found in Series II and III.","\nSeries II: Subject Files, 1880-2003 contains catalogues, journals, photographs, memorabilia and correspondence that Michael Spencer brought together under his chosen subject headings and arranged alphabetically. Many of the materials in this series originally came from Mulford and Racine Foster, which means that there is some overlap with the previous series. Spencer's own collecting interest lay in documenting the importance of bromeliads in society, and he collected many common items that showed bromeliads, especially pineapples.","\nSeries III: Author Files, 1754-1997 includes a variety of media used for research, such as articles, books, magazines, newspaper clippings, and photographs. There are a significant number of materials authored by Mulford and Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith, including original manuscripts.","\nSeries IV: Plants by Family Files, 1908-1990 contains alphabetical files on plant families, which include newspaper clippings, books and other research materials.","\nSeries V: Natural History Files, 1853-1997 holds alphabetical files on a wide range of natural history topics including plant societies, authors, drugs and diseases. The files contain published materials, photocopies, web resources, plant and geological samples that document's Michael's Spencer's considerable research interests.","\nSeries VI: Medicinal Files, 1988-1996 contains alphabetical files on diseases and therapies. Not all these files relate to plants though many of them concern natural therapies.","\nSeries VII: Lyman Smith Files: 1905-1994 holds alphabetical files that belonged to Lyman B. Smith. His notebooks, manscripts, teaching materials and correspondence may all be found here.","\nSeries VIII: Personal Files, 1863-2014 contains alphabetical files showing Spencer's interest in collecting books and his wide interests. Materials that do not clearly belong in the other series may be found here.","Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder.","Michael A. Spencer assembled this collection of publications, photographs, drawings, correspondence programs and other materials focusing on the discovery, taxonomy and cultivation of bromeliads. Mulford B. Foster, Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith are among the significant bromeliad collectors whose work is documented here.","UCF Special Collections","Bromeliad Society","Spencer, Michael A.","Smith, Lyman B.","Foster, Mulford B. (Mulford Bateman), 1888-1978","Foster, Racine, 1910-1991","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 068","/repositories/4/resources/148"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1754-2014"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014"],"collection_title_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014"],"collection_ssim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Marineland (Fla.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Marineland (Fla.)"],"creator_ssm":["Spencer, Michael A."],"creator_ssim":["Spencer, Michael A."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Spencer, Michael A."],"creators_ssim":["Spencer, Michael A."],"places_ssim":["Marineland (Fla.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Some of these materials were donated to and others were purchased by the University of Central Florida Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives from Michael A. Spencer in 2006 (CFM2006_09), 2011 (CFM2011_02), 2012 (CFM2012_10), and 2014 (CFM2014_01)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Botany","Botany -- Brazil","Bromeliaceae","Bromelin","Cooking (Pineapples)","Pineapple","Plant hybridization","botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Botany","Botany -- Brazil","Bromeliaceae","Bromelin","Cooking (Pineapples)","Pineapple","Plant hybridization","botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["130 Linear Feet 259 boxes, 2 flat files"],"extent_tesim":["130 Linear Feet 259 boxes, 2 flat files"],"genreform_ssim":["botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)"],"date_range_isim":[1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research except for the following:\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eBoxes 180-181: Personal correspondence\u003c/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eBoxes 213-214: Manuscript of \"Brazil: Orchid of the Tropics\"\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research except for the following:\n Boxes 180-181: Personal correspondence Boxes 213-214: Manuscript of \"Brazil: Orchid of the Tropics\""],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into eight series by type of file.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into eight series by type of file."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMichael A. Spencer was born in Orlando and grew up in Winter Garden, Florida. He worked at Sand Hill Nursery near Lake Avalon and the Land of Bromeliads in Gotha before finding employment with Julian Nally. After the Nally estate was sold, Spencer worked for Racine Foster at Bromel-La. He graduated from UCF in 1990 summa cum laude with a BA in Liberal Studies and then found employment with Lyman B. Smith at the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History. Michael Spencer named a genus of bromeliads \"Racinaea\" in honor of Racine Foster. While engaged in his research, Spencer amassed this collection of materials concerning bromeliads and their collectors. He now lives in Frederick, Maryland where he has served on the Historic Preservation Commission since 2004.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer was born in Orlando and grew up in Winter Garden, Florida. He worked at Sand Hill Nursery near Lake Avalon and the Land of Bromeliads in Gotha before finding employment with Julian Nally. After the Nally estate was sold, Spencer worked for Racine Foster at Bromel-La. He graduated from UCF in 1990 summa cum laude with a BA in Liberal Studies and then found employment with Lyman B. Smith at the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History. Michael Spencer named a genus of bromeliads \"Racinaea\" in honor of Racine Foster. While engaged in his research, Spencer amassed this collection of materials concerning bromeliads and their collectors. He now lives in Frederick, Maryland where he has served on the Historic Preservation Commission since 2004."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMichael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials were rehoused in pH neutral folders and cartons. Photographs, negatives and slides were enclosed in polyester sleeves. Many of the materials were well organized and the arrangement was retained. The remainder were arranged by following the original arrangement as far as possible. Notes on folders were retained in the new folder. Paper clips were replaced with plastic clips or materials that belonged together were held together in a pH neutral paper sleeve. Loose-leaf notebooks that were badly rusted were discarded and the contents placed in folders. Items loose in the back of notebooks were foldered separately and marked accordingly. Notes from a film canister were written exactly as found as the label could not be removed. Albums falling apart were taken apart and foldered. Albums in reasonable condition had the photographs attached properly with corners and the pages interleaved to prevent sticking. Loose album pages in the Foster subseries on Plant Information were merely foldered as they were not in an album and were found without context. Collecion rehoused and finding aid revised by Chynna Thomas in 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Materials were rehoused in pH neutral folders and cartons. Photographs, negatives and slides were enclosed in polyester sleeves. Many of the materials were well organized and the arrangement was retained. The remainder were arranged by following the original arrangement as far as possible. Notes on folders were retained in the new folder. Paper clips were replaced with plastic clips or materials that belonged together were held together in a pH neutral paper sleeve. Loose-leaf notebooks that were badly rusted were discarded and the contents placed in folders. Items loose in the back of notebooks were foldered separately and marked accordingly. Notes from a film canister were written exactly as found as the label could not be removed. Albums falling apart were taken apart and foldered. Albums in reasonable condition had the photographs attached properly with corners and the pages interleaved to prevent sticking. Loose album pages in the Foster subseries on Plant Information were merely foldered as they were not in an album and were found without context. Collecion rehoused and finding aid revised by Chynna Thomas in 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA large book collection accompanies this collection and may be accessed by performing a series search \"Michael A. Spencer Collection\" in the UCF Library \u003cextref href=\"https://library.ucf.edu\"\u003eOnline Catalog\u003c/extref\u003e. \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2006-08c\"\u003eMichael A. Spencer Collection on Julian Nally\u003c/extref\u003e, \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2006-08b\"\u003eMichael A. Spencer Collection on Theodore Mead\u003c/extref\u003e, \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2006-08a\"\u003eMichael A. Spencer Collection on Henry Nehrling\u003c/extref\u003e and the \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM1999-03\"\u003eHenry Nehrling Papers\u003c/extref\u003e are also available in Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries. Some paintings by Mulford Foster are held at the \u003cextref href=\"http://www.leugardens.org/\"\u003eHarry P. Leu Gardens\u003c/extref\u003e. The \u003cextref href=\"https://aspace.rollins.edu/repositories/2/resources/4\"\u003eHenry Nehrling Collection\u003c/extref\u003e and the \u003cextref href=\"https://aspace.rollins.edu/repositories/2/resources/97\"\u003eTheodore L. Mead Collection\u003c/extref\u003e are held at Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida. Lyman Smith's Papers are held at the \u003cextref href=\"http://siarchives.si.edu/\"\u003eSmithsonian Institution Archives\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["A large book collection accompanies this collection and may be accessed by performing a series search \"Michael A. Spencer Collection\" in the UCF Library  Online Catalog .  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Julian Nally ,  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Theodore Mead ,  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Henry Nehrling  and the  Henry Nehrling Papers  are also available in Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries. Some paintings by Mulford Foster are held at the  Harry P. Leu Gardens . The  Henry Nehrling Collection  and the  Theodore L. Mead Collection  are held at Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida. Lyman Smith's Papers are held at the  Smithsonian Institution Archives ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Mulford and Racine Foster Files, 1910-1991 documents the work of these two individuals in discovering and propagating bromeliads. Correspondence, publications, notebooks, drawings, research materials, memorabilia and photographs show all aspects of their work including plant collecting, landscape designing and publishing. Photographs may be black and white or color prints, negatives or slides. Additional materials about the Fosters may be found in Series II and III.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries II: Subject Files, 1880-2003 contains catalogues, journals, photographs, memorabilia and correspondence that Michael Spencer brought together under his chosen subject headings and arranged alphabetically. Many of the materials in this series originally came from Mulford and Racine Foster, which means that there is some overlap with the previous series. Spencer's own collecting interest lay in documenting the importance of bromeliads in society, and he collected many common items that showed bromeliads, especially pineapples.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries III: Author Files, 1754-1997 includes a variety of media used for research, such as articles, books, magazines, newspaper clippings, and photographs. There are a significant number of materials authored by Mulford and Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith, including original manuscripts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries IV: Plants by Family Files, 1908-1990 contains alphabetical files on plant families, which include newspaper clippings, books and other research materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries V: Natural History Files, 1853-1997 holds alphabetical files on a wide range of natural history topics including plant societies, authors, drugs and diseases. The files contain published materials, photocopies, web resources, plant and geological samples that document's Michael's Spencer's considerable research interests.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VI: Medicinal Files, 1988-1996 contains alphabetical files on diseases and therapies. Not all these files relate to plants though many of them concern natural therapies.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VII: Lyman Smith Files: 1905-1994 holds alphabetical files that belonged to Lyman B. Smith. His notebooks, manscripts, teaching materials and correspondence may all be found here.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VIII: Personal Files, 1863-2014 contains alphabetical files showing Spencer's interest in collecting books and his wide interests. Materials that do not clearly belong in the other series may be found here.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Series I: Mulford and Racine Foster Files, 1910-1991 documents the work of these two individuals in discovering and propagating bromeliads. Correspondence, publications, notebooks, drawings, research materials, memorabilia and photographs show all aspects of their work including plant collecting, landscape designing and publishing. Photographs may be black and white or color prints, negatives or slides. Additional materials about the Fosters may be found in Series II and III.","\nSeries II: Subject Files, 1880-2003 contains catalogues, journals, photographs, memorabilia and correspondence that Michael Spencer brought together under his chosen subject headings and arranged alphabetically. Many of the materials in this series originally came from Mulford and Racine Foster, which means that there is some overlap with the previous series. Spencer's own collecting interest lay in documenting the importance of bromeliads in society, and he collected many common items that showed bromeliads, especially pineapples.","\nSeries III: Author Files, 1754-1997 includes a variety of media used for research, such as articles, books, magazines, newspaper clippings, and photographs. There are a significant number of materials authored by Mulford and Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith, including original manuscripts.","\nSeries IV: Plants by Family Files, 1908-1990 contains alphabetical files on plant families, which include newspaper clippings, books and other research materials.","\nSeries V: Natural History Files, 1853-1997 holds alphabetical files on a wide range of natural history topics including plant societies, authors, drugs and diseases. The files contain published materials, photocopies, web resources, plant and geological samples that document's Michael's Spencer's considerable research interests.","\nSeries VI: Medicinal Files, 1988-1996 contains alphabetical files on diseases and therapies. Not all these files relate to plants though many of them concern natural therapies.","\nSeries VII: Lyman Smith Files: 1905-1994 holds alphabetical files that belonged to Lyman B. Smith. His notebooks, manscripts, teaching materials and correspondence may all be found here.","\nSeries VIII: Personal Files, 1863-2014 contains alphabetical files showing Spencer's interest in collecting books and his wide interests. Materials that do not clearly belong in the other series may be found here."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Copyright Statement"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_8e33310d6b1a70e4d88f1e2d3043cf71\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eMichael A. Spencer assembled this collection of publications, photographs, drawings, correspondence programs and other materials focusing on the discovery, taxonomy and cultivation of bromeliads. Mulford B. Foster, Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith are among the significant bromeliad collectors whose work is documented here.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer assembled this collection of publications, photographs, drawings, correspondence programs and other materials focusing on the discovery, taxonomy and cultivation of bromeliads. Mulford B. Foster, Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith are among the significant bromeliad collectors whose work is documented here."],"names_coll_ssim":["Bromeliad Society","Smith, Lyman B.","Foster, Mulford B. (Mulford Bateman), 1888-1978","Foster, Racine, 1910-1991"],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Bromeliad Society","Spencer, Michael A.","Smith, Lyman B.","Foster, Mulford B. (Mulford Bateman), 1888-1978","Foster, Racine, 1910-1991"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Bromeliad Society"],"persname_ssim":["Spencer, Michael A.","Smith, Lyman B.","Foster, Mulford B. (Mulford Bateman), 1888-1978","Foster, Racine, 1910-1991"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3662,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","timestamp":"2026-07-11T02:53:59.490Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_53659"}},{"id":"15012918ff98f34c66014167_aspace_76b2f42f5560d00fdc0da8a1f0a5af92","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"International Friendship Sculpture Garden - Land Plans, bulk 1975-1987","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/15012918ff98f34c66014167_aspace_76b2f42f5560d00fdc0da8a1f0a5af92#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eMaps of campus\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/15012918ff98f34c66014167_aspace_76b2f42f5560d00fdc0da8a1f0a5af92#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_76b2f42f5560d00fdc0da8a1f0a5af92","ref_ssm":["aspace_76b2f42f5560d00fdc0da8a1f0a5af92","aspace_76b2f42f5560d00fdc0da8a1f0a5af92"],"id":"15012918ff98f34c66014167_aspace_76b2f42f5560d00fdc0da8a1f0a5af92","title_filing_ssi":"International Friendship Sculpture Garden - Land Plans","title_ssm":["International Friendship Sculpture Garden - Land Plans"],"title_tesim":["International Friendship Sculpture Garden - Land Plans"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1975-1987"],"normalized_date_ssm":["bulk 1975-1987"],"normalized_title_ssm":["International Friendship Sculpture Garden - Land Plans, bulk 1975-1987"],"text":["International Friendship Sculpture Garden - Land Plans, bulk 1975-1987","Facilities Management, bulk 1962-2007","Various Garden Proposals and Ideas","/repositories/2/archival_objects/84732","box 6","folder 1","Maps of campus"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["15012918ff98f34c66014167","15012918ff98f34c66014167_aspace_96daae393bb0afeb02b026c05126f385"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Facilities Management, bulk 1962-2007","Various Garden Proposals and Ideas"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Facilities Management, bulk 1962-2007","Various Garden Proposals and Ideas"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/2/archival_objects/84732"],"repository_ssim":["Florida Atlantic University Libraries"],"collection_ssim":["Facilities Management, bulk 1962-2007"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":102,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collections are available for supervised use in the Special Collections reading room during regular hours or by appointment. Users are required to complete a registration form and to comply with regulations governing use. Research assistance may be available but please email or phone first to set up an appointment. Photocopies or electronic copies of material in the collections may be provided within copyright limits but may not be ready immediately. In addition, selected materials are digitized and available electronically through the Digital Library."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Materials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. Any subsequent use of a reproduction in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement. When using electronic copies or images, please keep in mind that copyright law applies. It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder. Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact Special Collections."],"date_range_isim":[1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987],"containers_ssim":["box 6","folder 1"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaps of campus\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Maps of campus"],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#33","_nest_parent_":"15012918ff98f34c66014167_aspace_96daae393bb0afeb02b026c05126f385","_root_":"15012918ff98f34c66014167","_version_":1870841886359420928,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T03:50:57.064Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"15012918ff98f34c66014167","title_ssm":["Facilities Management"],"title_tesim":["Facilities Management"],"ead_ssi":"15012918ff98f34c66014167","unitdate_ssm":["1962-2007"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1962-2007"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["UA00006 ","/repositories/2/resources/214"],"text":["UA00006 ","/repositories/2/resources/214","Facilities Management, bulk 1962-2007","Florida Atlantic University -- History","University Archives","Collections are available for supervised use in the Special Collections reading room during regular hours or by appointment. Users are required to complete a registration form and to comply with regulations governing use. Research assistance may be available but please email or phone first to set up an appointment. Photocopies or electronic copies of material in the collections may be provided within copyright limits but may not be ready immediately. In addition, selected materials are digitized and available electronically through the Digital Library.","Logan McGraw, Anthony Moro, and 2022 Introduction to Archives Course HIS 3080 students","Facilities Management supports FAU by managing various physical assets on all campuses. This includes building maintenance, landscape and grounds maintenance, safety and security measures, space optimization, general building maintenance and repairs, utilities and energy management, environmental sustainability efforts, and compliance with federal and state regulations. Their work is crucial for creating a conducive learning and working environment supporting students, faculty, staff, visitors, and the local community. ","Materials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. Any subsequent use of a reproduction in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement. When using electronic copies or images, please keep in mind that copyright law applies. It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder. Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact Special Collections.","Florida Atlantic University Libraries","English"],"unitid_tesim":["UA00006 ","/repositories/2/resources/214"],"normalized_date_ssm":["bulk 1962-2007"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Facilities Management, bulk 1962-2007"],"collection_title_tesim":["Facilities Management, bulk 1962-2007"],"collection_ssim":["Facilities Management, bulk 1962-2007"],"repository_ssm":["Florida Atlantic University Libraries"],"repository_ssim":["Florida Atlantic University Libraries"],"access_terms_ssm":["Materials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. Any subsequent use of a reproduction in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement. When using electronic copies or images, please keep in mind that copyright law applies. It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder. Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact Special Collections."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Florida Atlantic University -- History","University Archives"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Florida Atlantic University -- History","University Archives"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["12 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["12 Linear Feet"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollections are available for supervised use in the Special Collections reading room during regular hours or by appointment. Users are required to complete a registration form and to comply with regulations governing use. Research assistance may be available but please email or phone first to set up an appointment. Photocopies or electronic copies of material in the collections may be provided within copyright limits but may not be ready immediately. In addition, selected materials are digitized and available electronically through the Digital Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collections are available for supervised use in the Special Collections reading room during regular hours or by appointment. Users are required to complete a registration form and to comply with regulations governing use. Research assistance may be available but please email or phone first to set up an appointment. Photocopies or electronic copies of material in the collections may be provided within copyright limits but may not be ready immediately. In addition, selected materials are digitized and available electronically through the Digital Library."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLogan McGraw, Anthony Moro, and 2022 Introduction to Archives Course HIS 3080 students\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Logan McGraw, Anthony Moro, and 2022 Introduction to Archives Course HIS 3080 students"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cblockquote\u003eFacilities Management supports FAU by managing various physical assets on all campuses. This includes building maintenance, landscape and grounds maintenance, safety and security measures, space optimization, general building maintenance and repairs, utilities and energy management, environmental sustainability efforts, and compliance with federal and state regulations. Their work is crucial for creating a conducive learning and working environment supporting students, faculty, staff, visitors, and the local community. \u003c/blockquote\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Facilities Management supports FAU by managing various physical assets on all campuses. This includes building maintenance, landscape and grounds maintenance, safety and security measures, space optimization, general building maintenance and repairs, utilities and energy management, environmental sustainability efforts, and compliance with federal and state regulations. Their work is crucial for creating a conducive learning and working environment supporting students, faculty, staff, visitors, and the local community. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. Any subsequent use of a reproduction in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement. When using electronic copies or images, please keep in mind that copyright law applies. It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder. Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact Special Collections.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. Any subsequent use of a reproduction in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement. When using electronic copies or images, please keep in mind that copyright law applies. It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder. Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact Special Collections."],"names_ssim":["Florida Atlantic University Libraries"],"corpname_ssim":["Florida Atlantic University Libraries"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":726,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870841886359420928,"_root_":"15012918ff98f34c66014167","timestamp":"2026-07-16T03:50:57.064Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/15012918ff98f34c66014167_aspace_76b2f42f5560d00fdc0da8a1f0a5af92"}},{"id":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_9bff358be83a4cbef24ed688963aab7c","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"International News, 1912-2009, Undated","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_9bff358be83a4cbef24ed688963aab7c#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_9bff358be83a4cbef24ed688963aab7c","ref_ssm":["aspace_9bff358be83a4cbef24ed688963aab7c","aspace_9bff358be83a4cbef24ed688963aab7c"],"id":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_9bff358be83a4cbef24ed688963aab7c","title_filing_ssi":"International News","title_ssm":["International News"],"title_tesim":["International News"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1912-2009, Undated"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1912-2009, Undated"],"normalized_title_ssm":["International News, 1912-2009, Undated"],"text":["International News, 1912-2009, Undated","José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013","Research Files, 1898-2012, Undated","/repositories/4/archival_objects/53995"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_e0da8a351e89d497ae16650ae623f50e"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013","Research Files, 1898-2012, Undated"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013","Research Files, 1898-2012, Undated"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/4/archival_objects/53995"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":12,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":117,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The entire collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder."],"date_range_isim":[1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#18","_nest_parent_":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_e0da8a351e89d497ae16650ae623f50e","_root_":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","_version_":1870857755411087360,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:03:10.972Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","title_ssm":["José Guerra Alemán Collection"],"title_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection"],"ead_ssi":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","unitdate_ssm":["1887-2013"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1887-2013"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC.098","/repositories/4/resources/204"],"text":["SC.098","/repositories/4/resources/204","José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013","Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs","Cuba -- History -- Description and Travel","Cuba -- History -- Pictorial works","correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","The entire collection is open for research.","José Guerra Alemán was born to José Guerra and Herminia Alemán-Valdes on November 20, 1922 in Cuba. He referred to alternative names such as José Guerra Alemán, his initials J.G.A. and his nickname Pepín. Many of his closest friends and family called him as Pepín. His family contained of six members that included his three siblings, Maria Vicenta Guerra, Rafael Luis Guerra, and an eldest brother who his name is unknown. His brother, Rafael L. Guerra was born on November 20, 1926 in Habana, Cuba and died on October 2, 1998 in Miami, Florida. His sister, Maria, was born on June 19, 1924 in Habana, Cuba. A year after her brother's death, she died on February 27, 1999 in Miami, Florida. In her later years, she was a homemaker and she never married.","In his early years, he enrolled in the United States military at the age of 20 in 1942. He participated in the 8th Army (Octavo Ejército) of EE.UU. (United States). He covered the campaign of the Pacific as the 35th Division of Infantry (35 División de Infantería) called División Relámpago (Lightning Division). He finished training in the military at Fort Dix, Burlington County, New Jersey in the Delaware River region on October of 1946.","Once he finished his service, he returned to Cuba and founded a company called CINEPERIODICO in 1947. His motivation of starting this company began from his interest in journalism. At the age of 16, he delved into both journalism and short films/news films. He was one of the editors of Él País, La Habana. These experiences guided him to globally make notorious documentaries and cinematography of actual events and issues. He traveled around the globe. For instance, he registered for a temporary immigration card to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1959 as a journalist. As a result for his traveling, he encountered prominent leaders of various movements.","One of those encounters, José Guerra Alemán climbed the Mountains of Sierra Maestra, in the province of East of the Island of Cuba to interview Fidel Castro and Che Guevara. Under the agency of his company, CINEPERIODICO, he personally knew these men and those who were a part of the guerillas during the Cuban Revolution. In 1950, he worked with José García and Eduardo Hernández (Guayo) in the same company. José Guerra Alemán directed films such as Sangre Y Esperanza: La Cuba de Hoy (Blood and Hope: the Cuba of Today and El Gran Recuento (The Great Story). He also took the position as the Senior Vice President of Guastella Film Producers Inc., an advertising firm in Puerto Rico, where he did similar works until he retired in 1990. This included the creation of historical documentary films.","With his interest in Cuba's history and living at a time of historical changes in Cuba, he wrote extensive materials along those themes. He wrote Aún Hay Luna En Los Cerros, Ensayos (Las Mayorías Discriminadas): En Defensa de la Mujer, Barro y Cenizas (Díalogos con Fidel Castro y el Che Guevara), and Juro Pero No Prometo (Biografía de su Abuelo el General José Braulio Alemán). His major work composes four volumes of encyclopedias called Cuba Infinita. Each book contains specific chronological decades and starts from 1855, when the first photographs of the city were available by American artist Fredericks De Forest, to 1958, when the Republic collapsed. The volumes includes more than a thousand selected photos of the history of Cuba, from colonial times to the Spanish American War. The reader walks through time and gets to see the transformation of Cuba. He included photographs received by family, friends, colleagues and what he collected from his travels. He also was inspired and guided from the work called La Enciclopedia de Cuba.","Understanding where his family came from and knowing the other members of his family tree can provide a part of José Guerra Alemán's identity. Jose Guerra Alemán's maternal bloodline had a huge role in the movement toward Cuba's independence against colonialism and imperialism. His grandfather named José Braulio Guerra Alemán fought in the Spanish-American War as a Cuban Brigadier General and was the principal author to the Constitution of Cuba proclaimed at Yara in 1896. He worked as a lawyer, newspaper owner, advocate of the liberation of Cuba, senator and governor for the province of Las Villas, minister of Education and ambassador to Mexico. His half uncle, José Manuel Alemán, served in the Cuban government as Minister of Education during the presidency of Dr. Ramón Grau San Martin, president of the Authentic Party (Partido Auténtico) in La Habana, and Senator of the Republic. His family went through three generations of leaders and fighters for Cuban independence through revolutions or preserving its history and culture.","He rested on February 22, 2013 in Miami, Florida. He survived his wife named Lidia Llano who he married on September 22, 1945 and left a son named Carlos Guerra Llano. He left a mark of what he had done, significant work in Cuba's history. However, he has not been given as much attention as he deserves in any setting, especially in academia. It is the many aspects of unknown history and researching the people from below like Alemán. He was a Cuban, veteran, journalist, nontraditional historian, and founder of a journalist business.","Materials are housed in acid free folders and boxes; photographs and negatives were placed in clear sleeves; publications removed from the collection and cataloged separately.","Books collected by José Guerra Alemán can be found by performing a series search for \"José Guerra Alemán Collection\" in the UCF Libraries catalog.","This collection was arranged in seven series:","\nSeries I. Manuscripts, 1915-2013, Undated, includes notes that Alemán took on varieties of subjects. His interests ranged from the origin of words and meaning of phrases to his summaries and interpretations of authors' works.","\nSeries II: Research Files, 1898-2012, Undated, holds a combination of newspapers, images, and works of others where Alemán used for the publication of Cuba Infinita and his work on Cuban and Latin American history, involving their relations to other countries.","\nSeries III: Publications, 1987-2008, Undated, contains his writings that has drafts of his published work, his articles from newspapers, and promotional materials advertising his works.","\nSeries IV: Personal Files, 1887-2011, Undated, provides letters between Aleman and his family members and between Aleman and business workers. They share insight of Aleman's genealogy and Aleman's work ethic. Series also includes various maps and postcards. ","\nSeries V: Visual Materials, Circa 1900-Circa 2000, Undated, includes photographs and negatives of José G. Alemán and his relatives; overseas trips as a Journalist; and images of Cuba, cubans, and public buildings. Series also includes a CD of \"Fidel Castro: La Historia Lo Absolvera\" and another CD contains a song from Marisela Verena \"Mi Pinar del Rio\".","\nSeries VI: Memorabilia, 1926-1977, Undated, comprises hats from different places that Aleman travelled, identification cards, and a lottery ticket from Republic of Cuba, 1949.","\nSeries VII: Oversize Materials, 1958-2008, Undated, includes large maps of various countries, posters, a proof sheet for Cuba Infinita, and a game card \"La Charada Cubana.\"","Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder.","The collection is filled with Cuban history and researched materials on society's past was created by Cuban and American journalist José Guerra Alemán. The materials range from photographs of his travels to cultural sites and countries to personal notes on literature of other scholars' works and his published books. He is most notable of his published four-volume encyclopedia on Cuban history called Cuba Infinita.","UCF Special Collections","Guerra Alemán, José","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC.098","/repositories/4/resources/204"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1887-2013"],"normalized_title_ssm":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"collection_title_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"collection_ssim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs"],"geogname_ssim":["Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs"],"creator_ssm":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"creator_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"creators_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"places_ssim":["Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated by Carlos Guerra, José Guerra Alemán's son, to the University of Central Florida Libraries in 2014. (CFM2014_07)"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Cuba -- History -- Description and Travel","Cuba -- History -- Pictorial works","correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Cuba -- History -- Description and Travel","Cuba -- History -- Pictorial works","correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["17.5 Linear Feet 20 boxes, 1 Flat File"],"extent_tesim":["17.5 Linear Feet 20 boxes, 1 Flat File"],"genreform_ssim":["correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints"],"date_range_isim":[1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n was born to Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra and Herminia Alem\u0026#xE1;n-Valdes on November 20, 1922 in Cuba. He referred to alternative names such as Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n, his initials J.G.A. and his nickname Pep\u0026#xED;n. Many of his closest friends and family called him as Pep\u0026#xED;n. His family contained of six members that included his three siblings, Maria Vicenta Guerra, Rafael Luis Guerra, and an eldest brother who his name is unknown. His brother, Rafael L. Guerra was born on November 20, 1926 in Habana, Cuba and died on October 2, 1998 in Miami, Florida. His sister, Maria, was born on June 19, 1924 in Habana, Cuba. A year after her brother's death, she died on February 27, 1999 in Miami, Florida. In her later years, she was a homemaker and she never married.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn his early years, he enrolled in the United States military at the age of 20 in 1942. He participated in the 8th Army (Octavo Ej\u0026#xE9;rcito) of EE.UU. (United States). He covered the campaign of the Pacific as the 35th Division of Infantry (35 Divisi\u0026#xF3;n de Infanter\u0026#xED;a) called Divisi\u0026#xF3;n Rel\u0026#xE1;mpago (Lightning Division). He finished training in the military at Fort Dix, Burlington County, New Jersey in the Delaware River region on October of 1946.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOnce he finished his service, he returned to Cuba and founded a company called CINEPERIODICO in 1947. His motivation of starting this company began from his interest in journalism. At the age of 16, he delved into both journalism and short films/news films. He was one of the editors of \u0026#xC9;l Pa\u0026#xED;s, La Habana. These experiences guided him to globally make notorious documentaries and cinematography of actual events and issues. He traveled around the globe. For instance, he registered for a temporary immigration card to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1959 as a journalist. As a result for his traveling, he encountered prominent leaders of various movements.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOne of those encounters, Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n climbed the Mountains of Sierra Maestra, in the province of East of the Island of Cuba to interview Fidel Castro and Che Guevara. Under the agency of his company, CINEPERIODICO, he personally knew these men and those who were a part of the guerillas during the Cuban Revolution. In 1950, he worked with Jos\u0026#xE9; Garc\u0026#xED;a and Eduardo Hern\u0026#xE1;ndez (Guayo) in the same company. Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n directed films such as Sangre Y Esperanza: La Cuba de Hoy (Blood and Hope: the Cuba of Today and El Gran Recuento (The Great Story). He also took the position as the Senior Vice President of Guastella Film Producers Inc., an advertising firm in Puerto Rico, where he did similar works until he retired in 1990. This included the creation of historical documentary films.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWith his interest in Cuba's history and living at a time of historical changes in Cuba, he wrote extensive materials along those themes. He wrote A\u0026#xFA;n Hay Luna En Los Cerros, Ensayos (Las Mayor\u0026#xED;as Discriminadas): En Defensa de la Mujer, Barro y Cenizas (D\u0026#xED;alogos con Fidel Castro y el Che Guevara), and Juro Pero No Prometo (Biograf\u0026#xED;a de su Abuelo el General Jos\u0026#xE9; Braulio Alem\u0026#xE1;n). His major work composes four volumes of encyclopedias called Cuba Infinita. Each book contains specific chronological decades and starts from 1855, when the first photographs of the city were available by American artist Fredericks De Forest, to 1958, when the Republic collapsed. The volumes includes more than a thousand selected photos of the history of Cuba, from colonial times to the Spanish American War. The reader walks through time and gets to see the transformation of Cuba. He included photographs received by family, friends, colleagues and what he collected from his travels. He also was inspired and guided from the work called La Enciclopedia de Cuba.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUnderstanding where his family came from and knowing the other members of his family tree can provide a part of Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n's identity. Jose Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n's maternal bloodline had a huge role in the movement toward Cuba's independence against colonialism and imperialism. His grandfather named Jos\u0026#xE9; Braulio Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n fought in the Spanish-American War as a Cuban Brigadier General and was the principal author to the Constitution of Cuba proclaimed at Yara in 1896. He worked as a lawyer, newspaper owner, advocate of the liberation of Cuba, senator and governor for the province of Las Villas, minister of Education and ambassador to Mexico. His half uncle, Jos\u0026#xE9; Manuel Alem\u0026#xE1;n, served in the Cuban government as Minister of Education during the presidency of Dr. Ram\u0026#xF3;n Grau San Martin, president of the Authentic Party (Partido Aut\u0026#xE9;ntico) in La Habana, and Senator of the Republic. His family went through three generations of leaders and fighters for Cuban independence through revolutions or preserving its history and culture.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe rested on February 22, 2013 in Miami, Florida. He survived his wife named Lidia Llano who he married on September 22, 1945 and left a son named Carlos Guerra Llano. He left a mark of what he had done, significant work in Cuba's history. However, he has not been given as much attention as he deserves in any setting, especially in academia. It is the many aspects of unknown history and researching the people from below like Alem\u0026#xE1;n. He was a Cuban, veteran, journalist, nontraditional historian, and founder of a journalist business.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán was born to José Guerra and Herminia Alemán-Valdes on November 20, 1922 in Cuba. He referred to alternative names such as José Guerra Alemán, his initials J.G.A. and his nickname Pepín. Many of his closest friends and family called him as Pepín. His family contained of six members that included his three siblings, Maria Vicenta Guerra, Rafael Luis Guerra, and an eldest brother who his name is unknown. His brother, Rafael L. Guerra was born on November 20, 1926 in Habana, Cuba and died on October 2, 1998 in Miami, Florida. His sister, Maria, was born on June 19, 1924 in Habana, Cuba. A year after her brother's death, she died on February 27, 1999 in Miami, Florida. In her later years, she was a homemaker and she never married.","In his early years, he enrolled in the United States military at the age of 20 in 1942. He participated in the 8th Army (Octavo Ejército) of EE.UU. (United States). He covered the campaign of the Pacific as the 35th Division of Infantry (35 División de Infantería) called División Relámpago (Lightning Division). He finished training in the military at Fort Dix, Burlington County, New Jersey in the Delaware River region on October of 1946.","Once he finished his service, he returned to Cuba and founded a company called CINEPERIODICO in 1947. His motivation of starting this company began from his interest in journalism. At the age of 16, he delved into both journalism and short films/news films. He was one of the editors of Él País, La Habana. These experiences guided him to globally make notorious documentaries and cinematography of actual events and issues. He traveled around the globe. For instance, he registered for a temporary immigration card to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1959 as a journalist. As a result for his traveling, he encountered prominent leaders of various movements.","One of those encounters, José Guerra Alemán climbed the Mountains of Sierra Maestra, in the province of East of the Island of Cuba to interview Fidel Castro and Che Guevara. Under the agency of his company, CINEPERIODICO, he personally knew these men and those who were a part of the guerillas during the Cuban Revolution. In 1950, he worked with José García and Eduardo Hernández (Guayo) in the same company. José Guerra Alemán directed films such as Sangre Y Esperanza: La Cuba de Hoy (Blood and Hope: the Cuba of Today and El Gran Recuento (The Great Story). He also took the position as the Senior Vice President of Guastella Film Producers Inc., an advertising firm in Puerto Rico, where he did similar works until he retired in 1990. This included the creation of historical documentary films.","With his interest in Cuba's history and living at a time of historical changes in Cuba, he wrote extensive materials along those themes. He wrote Aún Hay Luna En Los Cerros, Ensayos (Las Mayorías Discriminadas): En Defensa de la Mujer, Barro y Cenizas (Díalogos con Fidel Castro y el Che Guevara), and Juro Pero No Prometo (Biografía de su Abuelo el General José Braulio Alemán). His major work composes four volumes of encyclopedias called Cuba Infinita. Each book contains specific chronological decades and starts from 1855, when the first photographs of the city were available by American artist Fredericks De Forest, to 1958, when the Republic collapsed. The volumes includes more than a thousand selected photos of the history of Cuba, from colonial times to the Spanish American War. The reader walks through time and gets to see the transformation of Cuba. He included photographs received by family, friends, colleagues and what he collected from his travels. He also was inspired and guided from the work called La Enciclopedia de Cuba.","Understanding where his family came from and knowing the other members of his family tree can provide a part of José Guerra Alemán's identity. Jose Guerra Alemán's maternal bloodline had a huge role in the movement toward Cuba's independence against colonialism and imperialism. His grandfather named José Braulio Guerra Alemán fought in the Spanish-American War as a Cuban Brigadier General and was the principal author to the Constitution of Cuba proclaimed at Yara in 1896. He worked as a lawyer, newspaper owner, advocate of the liberation of Cuba, senator and governor for the province of Las Villas, minister of Education and ambassador to Mexico. His half uncle, José Manuel Alemán, served in the Cuban government as Minister of Education during the presidency of Dr. Ramón Grau San Martin, president of the Authentic Party (Partido Auténtico) in La Habana, and Senator of the Republic. His family went through three generations of leaders and fighters for Cuban independence through revolutions or preserving its history and culture.","He rested on February 22, 2013 in Miami, Florida. He survived his wife named Lidia Llano who he married on September 22, 1945 and left a son named Carlos Guerra Llano. He left a mark of what he had done, significant work in Cuba's history. However, he has not been given as much attention as he deserves in any setting, especially in academia. It is the many aspects of unknown history and researching the people from below like Alemán. He was a Cuban, veteran, journalist, nontraditional historian, and founder of a journalist business."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n Collection, Special Collections and UniversityArchives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, Special Collections and UniversityArchives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials are housed in acid free folders and boxes; photographs and negatives were placed in clear sleeves; publications removed from the collection and cataloged separately.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Materials are housed in acid free folders and boxes; photographs and negatives were placed in clear sleeves; publications removed from the collection and cataloged separately."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBooks collected by Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n can be found by performing a series search for \"Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n Collection\" in the UCF Libraries catalog.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Books collected by José Guerra Alemán can be found by performing a series search for \"José Guerra Alemán Collection\" in the UCF Libraries catalog."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection was arranged in seven series:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries I. Manuscripts, 1915-2013, Undated, includes notes that Alem\u0026#xE1;n took on varieties of subjects. His interests ranged from the origin of words and meaning of phrases to his summaries and interpretations of authors' works.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries II: Research Files, 1898-2012, Undated, holds a combination of newspapers, images, and works of others where Alem\u0026#xE1;n used for the publication of Cuba Infinita and his work on Cuban and Latin American history, involving their relations to other countries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries III: Publications, 1987-2008, Undated, contains his writings that has drafts of his published work, his articles from newspapers, and promotional materials advertising his works.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries IV: Personal Files, 1887-2011, Undated, provides letters between Aleman and his family members and between Aleman and business workers. They share insight of Aleman's genealogy and Aleman's work ethic. Series also includes various maps and postcards. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries V: Visual Materials, Circa 1900-Circa 2000, Undated, includes photographs and negatives of Jos\u0026#xE9; G. Alem\u0026#xE1;n and his relatives; overseas trips as a Journalist; and images of Cuba, cubans, and public buildings. Series also includes a CD of \"Fidel Castro: La Historia Lo Absolvera\" and another CD contains a song from Marisela Verena \"Mi Pinar del Rio\".\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VI: Memorabilia, 1926-1977, Undated, comprises hats from different places that Aleman travelled, identification cards, and a lottery ticket from Republic of Cuba, 1949.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VII: Oversize Materials, 1958-2008, Undated, includes large maps of various countries, posters, a proof sheet for Cuba Infinita, and a game card \"La Charada Cubana.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection was arranged in seven series:","\nSeries I. Manuscripts, 1915-2013, Undated, includes notes that Alemán took on varieties of subjects. His interests ranged from the origin of words and meaning of phrases to his summaries and interpretations of authors' works.","\nSeries II: Research Files, 1898-2012, Undated, holds a combination of newspapers, images, and works of others where Alemán used for the publication of Cuba Infinita and his work on Cuban and Latin American history, involving their relations to other countries.","\nSeries III: Publications, 1987-2008, Undated, contains his writings that has drafts of his published work, his articles from newspapers, and promotional materials advertising his works.","\nSeries IV: Personal Files, 1887-2011, Undated, provides letters between Aleman and his family members and between Aleman and business workers. They share insight of Aleman's genealogy and Aleman's work ethic. Series also includes various maps and postcards. ","\nSeries V: Visual Materials, Circa 1900-Circa 2000, Undated, includes photographs and negatives of José G. Alemán and his relatives; overseas trips as a Journalist; and images of Cuba, cubans, and public buildings. Series also includes a CD of \"Fidel Castro: La Historia Lo Absolvera\" and another CD contains a song from Marisela Verena \"Mi Pinar del Rio\".","\nSeries VI: Memorabilia, 1926-1977, Undated, comprises hats from different places that Aleman travelled, identification cards, and a lottery ticket from Republic of Cuba, 1949.","\nSeries VII: Oversize Materials, 1958-2008, Undated, includes large maps of various countries, posters, a proof sheet for Cuba Infinita, and a game card \"La Charada Cubana.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e4d41ff341ce7470c0d40282c3f71dd8\"\u003eThe collection is filled with Cuban history and researched materials on society's past was created by Cuban and American journalist Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n. The materials range from photographs of his travels to cultural sites and countries to personal notes on literature of other scholars' works and his published books. He is most notable of his published four-volume encyclopedia on Cuban history called Cuba Infinita.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection is filled with Cuban history and researched materials on society's past was created by Cuban and American journalist José Guerra Alemán. The materials range from photographs of his travels to cultural sites and countries to personal notes on literature of other scholars' works and his published books. He is most notable of his published four-volume encyclopedia on Cuban history called Cuba Infinita."],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Guerra Alemán, José"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":282,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870857755411087360,"_root_":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:03:10.972Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_9bff358be83a4cbef24ed688963aab7c"}},{"id":"339aa96beecb4ac918825e62","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"International postcard collection, 1905-1990","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/339aa96beecb4ac918825e62#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["This collection includes postcards from various locations around the world and is divided geographically into two main categories: United States and Global. The United States series is organized by state, African American, and patriotic postcards. The Global series contains mostly European and Latin American postcards; however it also contains postcards from places such as Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. The third box in this collection includes the Topical series of postcards which include mainly museum artifacts and artwork. The fourth box contains postcard booklets of photos of France from before and after World War I. Postcards contributed by Hampton Dunn are denoted with a red \"Dunn Collection\" stamp."],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/339aa96beecb4ac918825e62#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"339aa96beecb4ac918825e62","title_ssm":["International postcard collection"],"title_tesim":["International postcard collection"],"ead_ssi":"339aa96beecb4ac918825e62","unitdate_ssm":["1905-1990"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1905-1990"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-1990-04","/repositories/2/resources/35"],"text":["MS-1990-04","/repositories/2/resources/35","International postcard collection, 1905-1990","Postcards","published","Processed","Variety of postcards from around the world.","None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information.","This collection includes postcards from various locations around the world and is divided geographically into two main categories: United States and Global. The United States series is organized by state, African American, and patriotic postcards. The Global series contains mostly European and Latin American postcards; however it also contains postcards from places such as Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. The third box in this collection includes the Topical series of postcards which include mainly museum artifacts and artwork. The fourth box contains postcard booklets of photos of France from before and after World War I. Postcards contributed by Hampton Dunn are denoted with a red \"Dunn Collection\" stamp.","USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Neurdein, E.  (1832-1918)","Dunn, Hampton (Henry Hampton), 1916-2002","Neurdein, Antoine (1846-1914)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-1990-04","/repositories/2/resources/35"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1905-1990"],"normalized_title_ssm":["International postcard collection, 1905-1990"],"collection_title_tesim":["International postcard collection, 1905-1990"],"collection_ssim":["International postcard collection, 1905-1990"],"repository_ssm":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Postcards"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Postcards"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.50 Linear Feet","4 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["2.50 Linear Feet","4 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003epublished\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Other Descriptive Information"],"odd_tesim":["published"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eInternational Postcard Collection, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["International Postcard Collection, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVariety of postcards from around the world.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Variety of postcards from around the world."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone.\u0026#xA0;The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.\u0026#xA0; Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at \u003cextref href=\"http://www.copyright.gov/\"\u003ehttp://www.copyright.gov/\u003c/extref\u003e for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_58e54544fce6a56b28b204afb716c366\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection includes postcards from various locations around the world and is divided geographically into two main categories: United States and Global. The United States series is organized by state, African American, and patriotic postcards. The Global series contains mostly European and Latin American postcards; however it also contains postcards from places such as Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. The third box in this collection includes the Topical series of postcards which include mainly museum artifacts and artwork. The fourth box contains postcard booklets of photos of France from before and after World War I. Postcards contributed by Hampton Dunn are denoted with a red \"Dunn Collection\" stamp.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection includes postcards from various locations around the world and is divided geographically into two main categories: United States and Global. The United States series is organized by state, African American, and patriotic postcards. The Global series contains mostly European and Latin American postcards; however it also contains postcards from places such as Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. The third box in this collection includes the Topical series of postcards which include mainly museum artifacts and artwork. The fourth box contains postcard booklets of photos of France from before and after World War I. Postcards contributed by Hampton Dunn are denoted with a red \"Dunn Collection\" stamp."],"names_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Neurdein, E.  (1832-1918)","Dunn, Hampton (Henry Hampton), 1916-2002","Neurdein, Antoine (1846-1914)"],"corpname_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"names_coll_ssim":["Neurdein, E.  (1832-1918)","Dunn, Hampton (Henry Hampton), 1916-2002","Neurdein, Antoine (1846-1914)"],"persname_ssim":["Neurdein, E.  (1832-1918)","Dunn, Hampton (Henry Hampton), 1916-2002","Neurdein, Antoine (1846-1914)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":5,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"339aa96beecb4ac918825e62","timestamp":"2026-04-21T04:21:52.778Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"339aa96beecb4ac918825e62","title_ssm":["International postcard collection"],"title_tesim":["International postcard collection"],"ead_ssi":"339aa96beecb4ac918825e62","unitdate_ssm":["1905-1990"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1905-1990"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-1990-04","/repositories/2/resources/35"],"text":["MS-1990-04","/repositories/2/resources/35","International postcard collection, 1905-1990","Postcards","published","Processed","Variety of postcards from around the world.","None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information.","This collection includes postcards from various locations around the world and is divided geographically into two main categories: United States and Global. The United States series is organized by state, African American, and patriotic postcards. The Global series contains mostly European and Latin American postcards; however it also contains postcards from places such as Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. The third box in this collection includes the Topical series of postcards which include mainly museum artifacts and artwork. The fourth box contains postcard booklets of photos of France from before and after World War I. Postcards contributed by Hampton Dunn are denoted with a red \"Dunn Collection\" stamp.","USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Neurdein, E.  (1832-1918)","Dunn, Hampton (Henry Hampton), 1916-2002","Neurdein, Antoine (1846-1914)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-1990-04","/repositories/2/resources/35"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1905-1990"],"normalized_title_ssm":["International postcard collection, 1905-1990"],"collection_title_tesim":["International postcard collection, 1905-1990"],"collection_ssim":["International postcard collection, 1905-1990"],"repository_ssm":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Postcards"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Postcards"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.50 Linear Feet","4 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["2.50 Linear Feet","4 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003epublished\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Other Descriptive Information"],"odd_tesim":["published"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eInternational Postcard Collection, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["International Postcard Collection, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVariety of postcards from around the world.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Variety of postcards from around the world."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone.\u0026#xA0;The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.\u0026#xA0; Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at \u003cextref href=\"http://www.copyright.gov/\"\u003ehttp://www.copyright.gov/\u003c/extref\u003e for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_58e54544fce6a56b28b204afb716c366\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection includes postcards from various locations around the world and is divided geographically into two main categories: United States and Global. The United States series is organized by state, African American, and patriotic postcards. The Global series contains mostly European and Latin American postcards; however it also contains postcards from places such as Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. The third box in this collection includes the Topical series of postcards which include mainly museum artifacts and artwork. The fourth box contains postcard booklets of photos of France from before and after World War I. Postcards contributed by Hampton Dunn are denoted with a red \"Dunn Collection\" stamp.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection includes postcards from various locations around the world and is divided geographically into two main categories: United States and Global. The United States series is organized by state, African American, and patriotic postcards. The Global series contains mostly European and Latin American postcards; however it also contains postcards from places such as Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. The third box in this collection includes the Topical series of postcards which include mainly museum artifacts and artwork. The fourth box contains postcard booklets of photos of France from before and after World War I. Postcards contributed by Hampton Dunn are denoted with a red \"Dunn Collection\" stamp."],"names_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Neurdein, E.  (1832-1918)","Dunn, Hampton (Henry Hampton), 1916-2002","Neurdein, Antoine (1846-1914)"],"corpname_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"names_coll_ssim":["Neurdein, E.  (1832-1918)","Dunn, Hampton (Henry Hampton), 1916-2002","Neurdein, Antoine (1846-1914)"],"persname_ssim":["Neurdein, E.  (1832-1918)","Dunn, Hampton (Henry Hampton), 1916-2002","Neurdein, Antoine (1846-1914)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":5,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"339aa96beecb4ac918825e62","timestamp":"2026-04-21T04:21:52.778Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/339aa96beecb4ac918825e62"}},{"id":"f1ff16916a6d0937b6ea28e7","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"International Programs Records, 1974–2005 (with some undated items)","creator":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/f1ff16916a6d0937b6ea28e7#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["International Programs, Broward College"],"label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/f1ff16916a6d0937b6ea28e7#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains program records, correspondence, promotional literature, itineraries, maps, articles, and reports related to the development and delivery of Broward College's international offerings. Topics include the Spain program, travel-study seminars across Europe and the Middle East, international business education, articles on academic partnerships, and first-person accounts of student experiences. The records document the evolution of study abroad opportunities, international site establishment, and faculty and student engagement in global learning.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/f1ff16916a6d0937b6ea28e7#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"f1ff16916a6d0937b6ea28e7","title_ssm":["International Programs Records"],"title_tesim":["International Programs Records"],"ead_ssi":"f1ff16916a6d0937b6ea28e7","unitdate_ssm":["1974–2005 (with some undated items)"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1974–2005 (with some undated items)"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["RG 103 001","/repositories/2/resources/16"],"text":["RG 103 001","/repositories/2/resources/16","International Programs Records, 1974–2005 (with some undated items)","Broward College","Foreign study","Students--Travel","College-school cooperation","Community colleges--International cooperation","International education--Activity programs","Open for research. Certain materials may have restrictions due to fragility or privacy.","Materials are filed in a single box in chronological order, with some undated files grouped by subject or type.","Since 1974, Broward College has played a pioneering role among U.S. community colleges in the field of international education. The International Programs division developed robust partnerships with foreign colleges and universities, facilitating degree completion for American and international students. Broward's programs have enabled participants to study abroad, gain cross-cultural experience, and access American-style education through formal partnerships and direct college-administered international offerings.","This collection contains program records, correspondence, promotional literature, itineraries, maps, articles, and reports related to the development and delivery of Broward College's international offerings. Topics include the Spain program, travel-study seminars across Europe and the Middle East, international business education, articles on academic partnerships, and first-person accounts of student experiences. The records document the evolution of study abroad opportunities, international site establishment, and faculty and student engagement in global learning.","Responsibility for securing copyright permission rests with the researcher. Reproduction is subject to material condition and institutional policy.","Broward College Archives and Special Collections ","International Programs, Broward College","English"],"unitid_tesim":["RG 103 001","/repositories/2/resources/16"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1974–2005 (with some undated items)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["International Programs Records, 1974–2005 (with some undated items)"],"collection_title_tesim":["International Programs Records, 1974–2005 (with some undated items)"],"collection_ssim":["International Programs Records, 1974–2005 (with some undated items)"],"repository_ssm":["Broward College Archives and Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["Broward College Archives and Special Collections"],"creator_ssm":["International Programs, Broward College"],"creator_ssim":["International Programs, Broward College"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["International Programs, Broward College"],"creators_ssim":["International Programs, Broward College"],"access_terms_ssm":["Responsibility for securing copyright permission rests with the researcher. Reproduction is subject to material condition and institutional policy."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Broward College","Foreign study","Students--Travel","College-school cooperation","Community colleges--International cooperation","International education--Activity programs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Broward College","Foreign study","Students--Travel","College-school cooperation","Community colleges--International cooperation","International education--Activity programs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 Linear Feet 1 box: 21 files: program documentation, correspondence, maps, articles"],"extent_tesim":["1 Linear Feet 1 box: 21 files: program documentation, correspondence, maps, articles"],"date_range_isim":[1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOpen for research. Certain materials may have restrictions due to fragility or privacy.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Open for research. Certain materials may have restrictions due to fragility or privacy."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials are filed in a single box in chronological order, with some undated files grouped by subject or type.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Materials are filed in a single box in chronological order, with some undated files grouped by subject or type."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSince 1974, Broward College has played a pioneering role among U.S. community colleges in the field of international education. The International Programs division developed robust partnerships with foreign colleges and universities, facilitating degree completion for American and international students. Broward's programs have enabled participants to study abroad, gain cross-cultural experience, and access American-style education through formal partnerships and direct college-administered international offerings.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Since 1974, Broward College has played a pioneering role among U.S. community colleges in the field of international education. The International Programs division developed robust partnerships with foreign colleges and universities, facilitating degree completion for American and international students. Broward's programs have enabled participants to study abroad, gain cross-cultural experience, and access American-style education through formal partnerships and direct college-administered international offerings."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecord Group 103 001, International Programs, Broward College Archives.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Record Group 103 001, International Programs, Broward College Archives."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains program records, correspondence, promotional literature, itineraries, maps, articles, and reports related to the development and delivery of Broward College's international offerings. Topics include the Spain program, travel-study seminars across Europe and the Middle East, international business education, articles on academic partnerships, and first-person accounts of student experiences. The records document the evolution of study abroad opportunities, international site establishment, and faculty and student engagement in global learning.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains program records, correspondence, promotional literature, itineraries, maps, articles, and reports related to the development and delivery of Broward College's international offerings. Topics include the Spain program, travel-study seminars across Europe and the Middle East, international business education, articles on academic partnerships, and first-person accounts of student experiences. The records document the evolution of study abroad opportunities, international site establishment, and faculty and student engagement in global learning."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResponsibility for securing copyright permission rests with the researcher. 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Certain materials may have restrictions due to fragility or privacy.","Materials are filed in a single box in chronological order, with some undated files grouped by subject or type.","Since 1974, Broward College has played a pioneering role among U.S. community colleges in the field of international education. The International Programs division developed robust partnerships with foreign colleges and universities, facilitating degree completion for American and international students. Broward's programs have enabled participants to study abroad, gain cross-cultural experience, and access American-style education through formal partnerships and direct college-administered international offerings.","This collection contains program records, correspondence, promotional literature, itineraries, maps, articles, and reports related to the development and delivery of Broward College's international offerings. Topics include the Spain program, travel-study seminars across Europe and the Middle East, international business education, articles on academic partnerships, and first-person accounts of student experiences. The records document the evolution of study abroad opportunities, international site establishment, and faculty and student engagement in global learning.","Responsibility for securing copyright permission rests with the researcher. Reproduction is subject to material condition and institutional policy.","Broward College Archives and Special Collections ","International Programs, Broward College","English"],"unitid_tesim":["RG 103 001","/repositories/2/resources/16"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1974–2005 (with some undated items)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["International Programs Records, 1974–2005 (with some undated items)"],"collection_title_tesim":["International Programs Records, 1974–2005 (with some undated items)"],"collection_ssim":["International Programs Records, 1974–2005 (with some undated items)"],"repository_ssm":["Broward College Archives and Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["Broward College Archives and Special Collections"],"creator_ssm":["International Programs, Broward College"],"creator_ssim":["International Programs, Broward College"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["International Programs, Broward College"],"creators_ssim":["International Programs, Broward College"],"access_terms_ssm":["Responsibility for securing copyright permission rests with the researcher. 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Certain materials may have restrictions due to fragility or privacy.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Open for research. Certain materials may have restrictions due to fragility or privacy."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials are filed in a single box in chronological order, with some undated files grouped by subject or type.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Materials are filed in a single box in chronological order, with some undated files grouped by subject or type."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSince 1974, Broward College has played a pioneering role among U.S. community colleges in the field of international education. The International Programs division developed robust partnerships with foreign colleges and universities, facilitating degree completion for American and international students. Broward's programs have enabled participants to study abroad, gain cross-cultural experience, and access American-style education through formal partnerships and direct college-administered international offerings.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Since 1974, Broward College has played a pioneering role among U.S. community colleges in the field of international education. The International Programs division developed robust partnerships with foreign colleges and universities, facilitating degree completion for American and international students. Broward's programs have enabled participants to study abroad, gain cross-cultural experience, and access American-style education through formal partnerships and direct college-administered international offerings."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecord Group 103 001, International Programs, Broward College Archives.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Record Group 103 001, International Programs, Broward College Archives."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains program records, correspondence, promotional literature, itineraries, maps, articles, and reports related to the development and delivery of Broward College's international offerings. Topics include the Spain program, travel-study seminars across Europe and the Middle East, international business education, articles on academic partnerships, and first-person accounts of student experiences. The records document the evolution of study abroad opportunities, international site establishment, and faculty and student engagement in global learning.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains program records, correspondence, promotional literature, itineraries, maps, articles, and reports related to the development and delivery of Broward College's international offerings. Topics include the Spain program, travel-study seminars across Europe and the Middle East, international business education, articles on academic partnerships, and first-person accounts of student experiences. The records document the evolution of study abroad opportunities, international site establishment, and faculty and student engagement in global learning."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResponsibility for securing copyright permission rests with the researcher. Reproduction is subject to material condition and institutional policy.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Responsibility for securing copyright permission rests with the researcher. Reproduction is subject to material condition and institutional policy."],"names_ssim":["Broward College Archives and Special Collections ","International Programs, Broward College"],"corpname_ssim":["Broward College Archives and Special Collections ","International Programs, Broward College"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":21,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"f1ff16916a6d0937b6ea28e7","timestamp":"2026-07-09T01:26:34.906Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/f1ff16916a6d0937b6ea28e7"}},{"id":"2d920f17dde733c1cf36099d_aspace_44815","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"International registration authority for bromeliad hybrids, 1974-2001","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/2d920f17dde733c1cf36099d_aspace_44815#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_44815","ref_ssm":["aspace_44815","aspace_44815"],"id":"2d920f17dde733c1cf36099d_aspace_44815","title_filing_ssi":"International registration authority for bromeliad hybrids","title_ssm":["International registration authority for bromeliad hybrids"],"title_tesim":["International registration authority for bromeliad hybrids"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1974-2001"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1974-2001"],"normalized_title_ssm":["International registration authority for bromeliad hybrids, 1974-2001"],"text":["International registration authority for bromeliad hybrids, 1974-2001","Bromeliad Society International (BSI) Archive, 1911-2018","Records, 1953-2006, Undated","Organizational Files, 1953-2006, undated.","Folder 29","/repositories/4/archival_objects/18131","box 1","folder 29"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["2d920f17dde733c1cf36099d","2d920f17dde733c1cf36099d_aspace_44748","2d920f17dde733c1cf36099d_aspace_44798"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Bromeliad Society International (BSI) Archive, 1911-2018","Records, 1953-2006, Undated","Organizational Files, 1953-2006, undated."],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Bromeliad Society International (BSI) Archive, 1911-2018","Records, 1953-2006, Undated","Organizational Files, 1953-2006, undated."],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Subseries"],"unitid_ssm":["Folder 29","/repositories/4/archival_objects/18131"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Bromeliad Society International (BSI) Archive, 1911-2018"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":69,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The entire collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Unpublished records are protected by copyright. Permission to publish quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"date_range_isim":[1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001],"containers_ssim":["box 1","folder 29"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#4/components#15","_nest_parent_":"2d920f17dde733c1cf36099d_aspace_44798","_root_":"2d920f17dde733c1cf36099d","_version_":1870858035398705152,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:07:37.887Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"2d920f17dde733c1cf36099d","title_ssm":["Bromeliad Society International (BSI) Archive"],"title_tesim":["Bromeliad Society International (BSI) Archive"],"ead_ssi":"2d920f17dde733c1cf36099d","unitdate_ssm":["1911-2018"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1911-2018"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC.097","/repositories/4/resources/78"],"text":["SC.097","/repositories/4/resources/78","Bromeliad Society International (BSI) Archive, 1911-2018","Denver (Colo.)","Houston (Tex.)","Philadelphia (Pa.)","Bromeliaceae","Botany","Plant hybridization","Botanical gardens -- Florida -- Orlando","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)","botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)","The entire collection is open for research.","For many years, the bromeliad co-existed with the human, floral and animal inhabitants of the lush, tropical environment of the America. Each took advantage of what the other had to offer. Bromeliad history tells us that Christopher Columbus sailed the ocean blue and bumped into a new world. With his boat filled with goodies from the tropics, Columbus sailed the ocean again and managed to bump into his homeland, Spain. His Queen sent him back to the new world, and on his return trip he took a vicious looking plant with long, spiny leaves and a luscious sweet fruit growing from the center of the leaves. Christopher brought his Queen a pineapple. The first bromeliad to leave the new world.","Other adventures and explorers followed and returned to their homeland with wonders never seen before. Some of the wonders were tropical plants and many of them became known as bromeliads. Thus, the Bromeliacea family was described; and slowly over the years, its popularity invaded the United States. Bromeliad Society began in 1948 when Mr. Joseph Schneider of San Gabrial, California asked the organizer of Round Robins for the Flower Grower if she could get a group together who were interested in bromeliads. She placed a call for members of her Round Robin which brought an immediate response from Miss Victoria Padilla and Mrs. Sue Hutchinson who were soon followed by seven others, and they in turn brought four more. This group formed a Round Robin, exchanging their experiences with bromeliads by correspondence with one another for approximately two years. In the spring of 1950, a call was sent out to all members of the Round Robin, and others interested in bromeliads to attend a pot luck dinner at the home of Mrs. Doroth Behrends in Los Angeles, California on May 21st to discuss the suggestion made by Mr. Schneider that a Bromeliad Society be organized. There were fourteen enthusiastic bromeliad people in attendance. The meeting was called to order by Victoria Padilla. It was decided to hold an organizational meeting the following September.","The September 17, 1950 meeting was held on a Sunday afternoon in the home of Mr. and Mrs. Frank Overton in Glendale, California. Twenty one prospective members attended, with a surprise guest, Mr. Mulford Foster of Orlando, Florida. This group organized not just a local society, but an international society for the benefit of bromeliad enthusiasts all over the world. The first officers elected were: President, Mulford Foster; First Vice President, David Barry, Jr.; Second Vice President, Russell J. Seibert; Secretary, Victoria Padilla, and Treasurer, Frank H. Overton. In addition to the officers, Lyman B. Smith, H. B. Trau, Elmer J. Lorenz and Morris Schick were asked to serve on the Board of Directors. A Board of Honorary Trustees was elected, all of them from different countries.","This meeting was a fire of enthusiasm. In a very short time, the membership grew from less than thirty local Californians to an international group of nearly 100 charter members, representing the following countries; Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Canal Zone, Costa Rica, France, Great Britain, New Zealand and the United States. First year was used to establish By-laws, goals, to build a membership and a treasury. The first Life Member of this new Society was Franklin M. DeVoe of Gulf Hammock, Florida. In January 1951, less than a year later, President Mulford Foster because editor of the The Bromeliad Society Bulletin, a bi-monthly publication to be sent to all members. Annual dues for membership remained $3.50 until March-April 1963 when the dues were increased to $4.00.","In November 1951, a local group organized The Southern California Bromeliad Society and became the first Affiliate of The Bromeliad Society. Early in 1953, The Bromeliad Society announced that it had been duly incorporated under the laws of the State of California as a non-profit organization. The March-April 1954 issue of The Bromeliad Society Bulletin announced that The Louisiana Bromeliad Society had applied for affiliation with The Bromeliad Society. December 1955 Bulletin, acknowledged the third affiliate, The Florida West Coast Bromeliad Society, and in the May-June 1959 Bulletin, The South Florida Bromeliad Society was established with Nat DeLeon President.","In the ten year period, The Bromeliad Society had grown to a membership of over 400, 100 of which were members living in countries other than the United States. In the United States, three states led in membership and activity: Florida (90 members), California (80 members) and Louisiana (30 members). There were four Affiliates, 2 in Florida, one in California, and one in Louisiana.","In the ensuing years The Bromeliad Society followed the rugged path of progress. Victoria Padilla became Editor of The Bromeliad Society Bulletin, and color pictures were introduced in 1960. In 1964, all cover pictures of the Bulletin were presented in color. In 1971, The Bromeliad Society Bulletin was given a new name, Journal of the Bromeliad Society. Victoria Padilla continued as Editor. In 1970, plans were made for a 20th Birthday celebration to be held in Southern California and hosted by the five Affiliates in the Los Angeles area. It was to feature an \"all bromeliad show\". This celebration led to future Bromeliad World Conferences. The Bromeliad Society has sponsored and funded many exceptional improvements to the future of bromeliads, and strives to ever improve the knowledge and appreciation of bromeliads for its members and the general public.","List of past Bromeliad World Conferences:","\n1972 Houston, Texas - First acknowledged Bromeliad Conference","\n1975 25th Anniversary Celebration, Buena Park, California","\n1977 New Orleans, Louisiana","\n1980 Orlando, Florida - 30th Birthday celebration","\n1982 Corpus Christi, Texas - \"Bromeliaceae Ole\"","\n1984 Los Angeles, California - \"Bromelympics\"","\n1986 New Orleans, Louisiana - \"One Mo' Time\"","\n1988 Miami, Florida - \"Miami Magic\"","\n1990 Houston, Texas - Bromeliads in Space\"","\n1992 Tampa, Florida - \"Bromeliad Safari\"","\n1994 San Diego, California - \"Bromeliads in Paradise\"","\n1996 Orlando, Florida - \"Orlandiana '96\"","\n1998 Houston, Texas - \"Bromeliad Roundup\"","\n2000 San Francisco, California - \"50th Birthday Celebration\"","\n2002 St. Petersburg, Florida - \"Bromeliad Beach Party\"","\n2004 Chicago, Illinois","\n2006 San Diego, California - \"Bromeliads on the Border\"","\n2008 Cairns, Australia - \"Bromeliads Down Under\"","\n2010 New Orleans, Louisiana - \"Bromeliads in the Big Easy\"","2012 Orlando, Florida - \"Orlandiana '12\"","\n2014 Honolulu, Hawaii - \"Bromeliads in Paradise\"","\n2018 San Diego, California - \"Fiesta de las Bromelias\"","Collection processed by Suphi Burak Ogreten; finding aid prepared by Suphi Burak Ogreten. Materials were arranged in chronological order and then placed in pH neutral folders and boxes. Fragile and high use items were placed in polyester sleeves.","The Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection . Collector, Michael A. Spencer amassed this collection of publications, photographs, drawings, correspondence programs and other materials focusing on the discovery, taxonomy and cultivation of bromeliads. Mulford B. Foster, Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith are among the significant bromeliad collectors whose work is documented in this fine collection.","The Michael A. Spencer Collection on Theodore Mead , who was a horticulturist and owned an orange grove in Eustis, Florida and developed a property in Oviedo, Florida to research and hybridize plants. The collection contains Mead's notebook and family correspondence, together with a brochure and news clipping about the founding of Mead Gardens in Winter Park, Florida.","Michael A. Spencer Collection on Julian Nally . Nally grew bromeliads and other plants on the property that had once belonged to Henry Nehrling at Gotha, Florida. This collection documents both his work at the property and his personal life.","Michael A. Spencer Collection on Henry Nehrling . These materials were collected by Michael Spencer because of his interest in botany and his links with Central Florida. Of particular interest are Nehrling's notebooks, correspondence, photographs and plant labels. The collection also contains a few materials, which belonged to Mr. Spencer concerning the attempts to save Nehrling's Palm Cottage Gardens.","Henry Nehrling Papers . Henry Nehrling was a horticulturist famous for his gardens in Gotha and Naples, Florida. These papers are primarily manuscripts of his articles in the American Eagle and other writings about plants. They include a few news clippings, plant lists, correspondence and other documentation of a business and personal nature.","Archival Collection of Dr. Henry H. Nehrling from the Collection of Michael D. Kahn . These materials were in the possession of Betty Pooler Mitchell Nehrling, Henry Nehrling's second wife. The collection consists of letters, documents, photographs, postcards and monographs which provides insight into the familial and financial affairs of the Nehrling Gardens. It also offers a look at Henry Nehrling during the tumultuous years of Florida's boom and bust, and a glimpse of his failing physical and mental state while he sought refuge in a quiet communal colony in Southwest Florida.","Bromeliad Society International","Affiliated Societies of Bromeliad Society International","Florida Council of Affiliated Societies","Series I: Records, 1953-2006, contains biographies of Bromeliad Society International members and collected materials on conferences \u0026 symposiums, manuscripts, and various correspondence. Series also holds organizational files such as the minutes of the general meeting and the meeting of the board of directors, bylaws \u0026 standing rules of the Bromeliad Society, annual reports, financial statements, and affiliate shows committee reports.","\nSeries II: Plants, 1942-2003, includes documents that pertain to the registration of cultivar names. Applications for registration of Bromeliad are arranged in alphabetical order first by genus then proposed name. Some of the registrations may contain sample images along with the applications either in print or slide format. Series also holds one folder of articles and clippings related to Bromeliad which are collected by Bromeliad Society International members.","\nSeries III: Publications, 1951-2006, holds bromeliad publications from Australia, Brazil, Canada, Czech Republic, Mexico, Switzerland, and United States. Publications are arranged in alphabetical order by country, and then arranged in chronological order.","\nSeries IV: Photographs, 1949-2001, in three sub-series; Plants, People, and Digital Files. Most of the bromeliad cultivar photographs and registrar's files are stored in either floppy discs or CD-ROMs. Only one folder contains photographs of Bromeliad Society International members; such as Mulford B. Foster, Ella Kelly and Victoria Padilla.","\nSeries V: Memorabilia, 1980-2004, includes Bromeliad Society International pins and posters that were issued for the World Bromeliad Conferences. A number of posters are signed and numbered by the artists, such as John Barbie Jr. and Steve Littlefield.","\nSeries VI: Additional Materials, 1911-2018, This series holds additional materials received from the Bromeliad Society International (BSI) in 2015, 2016, 2018, and 2022. Some of these materials include a World Bromeliad Conference '72 schedule events and a letter sent out to BSI members from the chair, Patrick Mitchell; a manuscript called \"Bromeliad Hybrids and Cultivars\" compiled by Brian Smith in 1984; \"A Preliminary Listing of All Known Cultivar and Grex Names for the Bromeliaceae\" created by Bromeliad Society, Inc. and arranged by Don A. Beadle, includes named and unnamed grexes, names of collectors, hybridizers, developers, references, and dates; \"First tentative Listing of Bromeliad Cultivars\" prepared by Brian Smith in 1989; four copper color separations for one print; and various publications from Australia, New Zealand, and the United States.","Unpublished records are protected by copyright. Permission to publish quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","The Bromeliad Society International (BSI) Archive consists of historical materials, including photographs related to cultivation of bromeliads; field notes related to the collection of bromeliads in the wild; list of plant entries in judged bromeliad shows; incoming and outgoing correspondence from early bromeliad growers; biographies; administrative records of the BSI such as, copyright registrations, copies of meeting minutes, annual reports, and bylaws; BSI publications; and ephemera, including posters and pins. The purpose of the BSI is to promote and maintain public and scientific interest in the research, development, preservation, and distribution of bromeliads, both natural and hybrid, throughout the world.","UCF Special Collections","Bromeliad Society International","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC.097","/repositories/4/resources/78"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1911-2018"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Bromeliad Society International (BSI) Archive, 1911-2018"],"collection_title_tesim":["Bromeliad Society International (BSI) Archive, 1911-2018"],"collection_ssim":["Bromeliad Society International (BSI) Archive, 1911-2018"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Denver (Colo.)","Houston (Tex.)","Philadelphia (Pa.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Denver (Colo.)","Houston (Tex.)","Philadelphia (Pa.)"],"places_ssim":["Denver (Colo.)","Houston (Tex.)","Philadelphia (Pa.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished records are protected by copyright. Permission to publish quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The University of Central Florida Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives Department acquired these materials from Jay Thurrott in 2014 (CFM2014_04). Additional materials were donated in 2015 (CFM2015_08), 2016 (CFM2016_06), 2018 (CFM2018_11) and 2022 (CFM2022_17)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Bromeliaceae","Botany","Plant hybridization","Botanical gardens -- Florida -- Orlando","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)","botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Bromeliaceae","Botany","Plant hybridization","Botanical gardens -- Florida -- Orlando","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)","botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["13 Linear Feet 27 Boxes, 1 Flat File, 1 Flat Box"],"extent_tesim":["13 Linear Feet 27 Boxes, 1 Flat File, 1 Flat Box"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographic prints","slides (photographs)","botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)"],"date_range_isim":[1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFor many years, the bromeliad co-existed with the human, floral and animal inhabitants of the lush, tropical environment of the America. Each took advantage of what the other had to offer. Bromeliad history tells us that Christopher Columbus sailed the ocean blue and bumped into a new world. With his boat filled with goodies from the tropics, Columbus sailed the ocean again and managed to bump into his homeland, Spain. His Queen sent him back to the new world, and on his return trip he took a vicious looking plant with long, spiny leaves and a luscious sweet fruit growing from the center of the leaves. Christopher brought his Queen a pineapple. The first bromeliad to leave the new world.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOther adventures and explorers followed and returned to their homeland with wonders never seen before. Some of the wonders were tropical plants and many of them became known as bromeliads. Thus, the Bromeliacea family was described; and slowly over the years, its popularity invaded the United States. Bromeliad Society began in 1948 when Mr. Joseph Schneider of San Gabrial, California asked the organizer of Round Robins for the Flower Grower if she could get a group together who were interested in bromeliads. She placed a call for members of her Round Robin which brought an immediate response from Miss Victoria Padilla and Mrs. Sue Hutchinson who were soon followed by seven others, and they in turn brought four more. This group formed a Round Robin, exchanging their experiences with bromeliads by correspondence with one another for approximately two years. In the spring of 1950, a call was sent out to all members of the Round Robin, and others interested in bromeliads to attend a pot luck dinner at the home of Mrs. Doroth Behrends in Los Angeles, California on May 21st to discuss the suggestion made by Mr. Schneider that a Bromeliad Society be organized. There were fourteen enthusiastic bromeliad people in attendance. The meeting was called to order by Victoria Padilla. It was decided to hold an organizational meeting the following September.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe September 17, 1950 meeting was held on a Sunday afternoon in the home of Mr. and Mrs. Frank Overton in Glendale, California. Twenty one prospective members attended, with a surprise guest, Mr. Mulford Foster of Orlando, Florida. This group organized not just a local society, but an international society for the benefit of bromeliad enthusiasts all over the world. The first officers elected were: President, Mulford Foster; First Vice President, David Barry, Jr.; Second Vice President, Russell J. Seibert; Secretary, Victoria Padilla, and Treasurer, Frank H. Overton. In addition to the officers, Lyman B. Smith, H. B. Trau, Elmer J. Lorenz and Morris Schick were asked to serve on the Board of Directors. A Board of Honorary Trustees was elected, all of them from different countries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis meeting was a fire of enthusiasm. In a very short time, the membership grew from less than thirty local Californians to an international group of nearly 100 charter members, representing the following countries; Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Canal Zone, Costa Rica, France, Great Britain, New Zealand and the United States. First year was used to establish By-laws, goals, to build a membership and a treasury. The first Life Member of this new Society was Franklin M. DeVoe of Gulf Hammock, Florida. In January 1951, less than a year later, President Mulford Foster because editor of the The Bromeliad Society Bulletin, a bi-monthly publication to be sent to all members. Annual dues for membership remained $3.50 until March-April 1963 when the dues were increased to $4.00.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn November 1951, a local group organized The Southern California Bromeliad Society and became the first Affiliate of The Bromeliad Society. Early in 1953, The Bromeliad Society announced that it had been duly incorporated under the laws of the State of California as a non-profit organization. The March-April 1954 issue of The Bromeliad Society Bulletin announced that The Louisiana Bromeliad Society had applied for affiliation with The Bromeliad Society. December 1955 Bulletin, acknowledged the third affiliate, The Florida West Coast Bromeliad Society, and in the May-June 1959 Bulletin, The South Florida Bromeliad Society was established with Nat DeLeon President.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the ten year period, The Bromeliad Society had grown to a membership of over 400, 100 of which were members living in countries other than the United States. In the United States, three states led in membership and activity: Florida (90 members), California (80 members) and Louisiana (30 members). There were four Affiliates, 2 in Florida, one in California, and one in Louisiana.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the ensuing years The Bromeliad Society followed the rugged path of progress. Victoria Padilla became Editor of The Bromeliad Society Bulletin, and color pictures were introduced in 1960. In 1964, all cover pictures of the Bulletin were presented in color. In 1971, The Bromeliad Society Bulletin was given a new name, Journal of the Bromeliad Society. Victoria Padilla continued as Editor. In 1970, plans were made for a 20th Birthday celebration to be held in Southern California and hosted by the five Affiliates in the Los Angeles area. It was to feature an \"all bromeliad show\". This celebration led to future Bromeliad World Conferences. The Bromeliad Society has sponsored and funded many exceptional improvements to the future of bromeliads, and strives to ever improve the knowledge and appreciation of bromeliads for its members and the general public.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eList of past Bromeliad World Conferences:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n1972 Houston, Texas - First acknowledged Bromeliad Conference\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n1975 25th Anniversary Celebration, Buena Park, California\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n1977 New Orleans, Louisiana\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n1980 Orlando, Florida - 30th Birthday celebration\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n1982 Corpus Christi, Texas - \"Bromeliaceae Ole\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n1984 Los Angeles, California - \"Bromelympics\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n1986 New Orleans, Louisiana - \"One Mo' Time\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n1988 Miami, Florida - \"Miami Magic\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n1990 Houston, Texas - Bromeliads in Space\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n1992 Tampa, Florida - \"Bromeliad Safari\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n1994 San Diego, California - \"Bromeliads in Paradise\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n1996 Orlando, Florida - \"Orlandiana '96\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n1998 Houston, Texas - \"Bromeliad Roundup\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n2000 San Francisco, California - \"50th Birthday Celebration\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n2002 St. Petersburg, Florida - \"Bromeliad Beach Party\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n2004 Chicago, Illinois\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n2006 San Diego, California - \"Bromeliads on the Border\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n2008 Cairns, Australia - \"Bromeliads Down Under\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n2010 New Orleans, Louisiana - \"Bromeliads in the Big Easy\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2012 Orlando, Florida - \"Orlandiana '12\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n2014 Honolulu, Hawaii - \"Bromeliads in Paradise\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n2018 San Diego, California - \"Fiesta de las Bromelias\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["For many years, the bromeliad co-existed with the human, floral and animal inhabitants of the lush, tropical environment of the America. Each took advantage of what the other had to offer. Bromeliad history tells us that Christopher Columbus sailed the ocean blue and bumped into a new world. With his boat filled with goodies from the tropics, Columbus sailed the ocean again and managed to bump into his homeland, Spain. His Queen sent him back to the new world, and on his return trip he took a vicious looking plant with long, spiny leaves and a luscious sweet fruit growing from the center of the leaves. Christopher brought his Queen a pineapple. The first bromeliad to leave the new world.","Other adventures and explorers followed and returned to their homeland with wonders never seen before. Some of the wonders were tropical plants and many of them became known as bromeliads. Thus, the Bromeliacea family was described; and slowly over the years, its popularity invaded the United States. Bromeliad Society began in 1948 when Mr. Joseph Schneider of San Gabrial, California asked the organizer of Round Robins for the Flower Grower if she could get a group together who were interested in bromeliads. She placed a call for members of her Round Robin which brought an immediate response from Miss Victoria Padilla and Mrs. Sue Hutchinson who were soon followed by seven others, and they in turn brought four more. This group formed a Round Robin, exchanging their experiences with bromeliads by correspondence with one another for approximately two years. In the spring of 1950, a call was sent out to all members of the Round Robin, and others interested in bromeliads to attend a pot luck dinner at the home of Mrs. Doroth Behrends in Los Angeles, California on May 21st to discuss the suggestion made by Mr. Schneider that a Bromeliad Society be organized. There were fourteen enthusiastic bromeliad people in attendance. The meeting was called to order by Victoria Padilla. It was decided to hold an organizational meeting the following September.","The September 17, 1950 meeting was held on a Sunday afternoon in the home of Mr. and Mrs. Frank Overton in Glendale, California. Twenty one prospective members attended, with a surprise guest, Mr. Mulford Foster of Orlando, Florida. This group organized not just a local society, but an international society for the benefit of bromeliad enthusiasts all over the world. The first officers elected were: President, Mulford Foster; First Vice President, David Barry, Jr.; Second Vice President, Russell J. Seibert; Secretary, Victoria Padilla, and Treasurer, Frank H. Overton. In addition to the officers, Lyman B. Smith, H. B. Trau, Elmer J. Lorenz and Morris Schick were asked to serve on the Board of Directors. A Board of Honorary Trustees was elected, all of them from different countries.","This meeting was a fire of enthusiasm. In a very short time, the membership grew from less than thirty local Californians to an international group of nearly 100 charter members, representing the following countries; Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Canal Zone, Costa Rica, France, Great Britain, New Zealand and the United States. First year was used to establish By-laws, goals, to build a membership and a treasury. The first Life Member of this new Society was Franklin M. DeVoe of Gulf Hammock, Florida. In January 1951, less than a year later, President Mulford Foster because editor of the The Bromeliad Society Bulletin, a bi-monthly publication to be sent to all members. Annual dues for membership remained $3.50 until March-April 1963 when the dues were increased to $4.00.","In November 1951, a local group organized The Southern California Bromeliad Society and became the first Affiliate of The Bromeliad Society. Early in 1953, The Bromeliad Society announced that it had been duly incorporated under the laws of the State of California as a non-profit organization. The March-April 1954 issue of The Bromeliad Society Bulletin announced that The Louisiana Bromeliad Society had applied for affiliation with The Bromeliad Society. December 1955 Bulletin, acknowledged the third affiliate, The Florida West Coast Bromeliad Society, and in the May-June 1959 Bulletin, The South Florida Bromeliad Society was established with Nat DeLeon President.","In the ten year period, The Bromeliad Society had grown to a membership of over 400, 100 of which were members living in countries other than the United States. In the United States, three states led in membership and activity: Florida (90 members), California (80 members) and Louisiana (30 members). There were four Affiliates, 2 in Florida, one in California, and one in Louisiana.","In the ensuing years The Bromeliad Society followed the rugged path of progress. Victoria Padilla became Editor of The Bromeliad Society Bulletin, and color pictures were introduced in 1960. In 1964, all cover pictures of the Bulletin were presented in color. In 1971, The Bromeliad Society Bulletin was given a new name, Journal of the Bromeliad Society. Victoria Padilla continued as Editor. In 1970, plans were made for a 20th Birthday celebration to be held in Southern California and hosted by the five Affiliates in the Los Angeles area. It was to feature an \"all bromeliad show\". This celebration led to future Bromeliad World Conferences. The Bromeliad Society has sponsored and funded many exceptional improvements to the future of bromeliads, and strives to ever improve the knowledge and appreciation of bromeliads for its members and the general public.","List of past Bromeliad World Conferences:","\n1972 Houston, Texas - First acknowledged Bromeliad Conference","\n1975 25th Anniversary Celebration, Buena Park, California","\n1977 New Orleans, Louisiana","\n1980 Orlando, Florida - 30th Birthday celebration","\n1982 Corpus Christi, Texas - \"Bromeliaceae Ole\"","\n1984 Los Angeles, California - \"Bromelympics\"","\n1986 New Orleans, Louisiana - \"One Mo' Time\"","\n1988 Miami, Florida - \"Miami Magic\"","\n1990 Houston, Texas - Bromeliads in Space\"","\n1992 Tampa, Florida - \"Bromeliad Safari\"","\n1994 San Diego, California - \"Bromeliads in Paradise\"","\n1996 Orlando, Florida - \"Orlandiana '96\"","\n1998 Houston, Texas - \"Bromeliad Roundup\"","\n2000 San Francisco, California - \"50th Birthday Celebration\"","\n2002 St. Petersburg, Florida - \"Bromeliad Beach Party\"","\n2004 Chicago, Illinois","\n2006 San Diego, California - \"Bromeliads on the Border\"","\n2008 Cairns, Australia - \"Bromeliads Down Under\"","\n2010 New Orleans, Louisiana - \"Bromeliads in the Big Easy\"","2012 Orlando, Florida - \"Orlandiana '12\"","\n2014 Honolulu, Hawaii - \"Bromeliads in Paradise\"","\n2018 San Diego, California - \"Fiesta de las Bromelias\""],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBromeliad Society International Archive, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Bromeliad Society International Archive, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection processed by Suphi Burak Ogreten; finding aid prepared by Suphi Burak Ogreten. Materials were arranged in chronological order and then placed in pH neutral folders and boxes. Fragile and high use items were placed in polyester sleeves.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Collection processed by Suphi Burak Ogreten; finding aid prepared by Suphi Burak Ogreten. Materials were arranged in chronological order and then placed in pH neutral folders and boxes. Fragile and high use items were placed in polyester sleeves."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2006-09\"\u003eThe Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection\u003c/extref\u003e. Collector, Michael A. Spencer amassed this collection of publications, photographs, drawings, correspondence programs and other materials focusing on the discovery, taxonomy and cultivation of bromeliads. Mulford B. Foster, Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith are among the significant bromeliad collectors whose work is documented in this fine collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n\u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2006-08b\"\u003eThe Michael A. Spencer Collection on Theodore Mead\u003c/extref\u003e, who was a horticulturist and owned an orange grove in Eustis, Florida and developed a property in Oviedo, Florida to research and hybridize plants. The collection contains Mead's notebook and family correspondence, together with a brochure and news clipping about the founding of Mead Gardens in Winter Park, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n\u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2006-08c\"\u003eMichael A. Spencer Collection on Julian Nally\u003c/extref\u003e. Nally grew bromeliads and other plants on the property that had once belonged to Henry Nehrling at Gotha, Florida. This collection documents both his work at the property and his personal life.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n\u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2006-08a\"\u003eMichael A. Spencer Collection on Henry Nehrling\u003c/extref\u003e. These materials were collected by Michael Spencer because of his interest in botany and his links with Central Florida. Of particular interest are Nehrling's notebooks, correspondence, photographs and plant labels. The collection also contains a few materials, which belonged to Mr. Spencer concerning the attempts to save Nehrling's Palm Cottage Gardens.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n\u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM1999-03\"\u003eHenry Nehrling Papers\u003c/extref\u003e. Henry Nehrling was a horticulturist famous for his gardens in Gotha and Naples, Florida. These papers are primarily manuscripts of his articles in the American Eagle and other writings about plants. They include a few news clippings, plant lists, correspondence and other documentation of a business and personal nature.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n\u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2014-09\"\u003eArchival Collection of Dr. Henry H. Nehrling from the Collection of Michael D. Kahn\u003c/extref\u003e. These materials were in the possession of Betty Pooler Mitchell Nehrling, Henry Nehrling's second wife. The collection consists of letters, documents, photographs, postcards and monographs which provides insight into the familial and financial affairs of the Nehrling Gardens. It also offers a look at Henry Nehrling during the tumultuous years of Florida's boom and bust, and a glimpse of his failing physical and mental state while he sought refuge in a quiet communal colony in Southwest Florida.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n\u003cextref href=\"http://www.bsi.org/new/\"\u003eBromeliad Society International\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n\u003cextref href=\"http://www.bsi.org/bsi_info/affiliates/?bylocation\"\u003eAffiliated Societies of Bromeliad Society International\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n\u003cextref href=\"http://www.fcbs.org\"\u003eFlorida Council of Affiliated Societies\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection . Collector, Michael A. Spencer amassed this collection of publications, photographs, drawings, correspondence programs and other materials focusing on the discovery, taxonomy and cultivation of bromeliads. Mulford B. Foster, Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith are among the significant bromeliad collectors whose work is documented in this fine collection.","The Michael A. Spencer Collection on Theodore Mead , who was a horticulturist and owned an orange grove in Eustis, Florida and developed a property in Oviedo, Florida to research and hybridize plants. The collection contains Mead's notebook and family correspondence, together with a brochure and news clipping about the founding of Mead Gardens in Winter Park, Florida.","Michael A. Spencer Collection on Julian Nally . Nally grew bromeliads and other plants on the property that had once belonged to Henry Nehrling at Gotha, Florida. This collection documents both his work at the property and his personal life.","Michael A. Spencer Collection on Henry Nehrling . These materials were collected by Michael Spencer because of his interest in botany and his links with Central Florida. Of particular interest are Nehrling's notebooks, correspondence, photographs and plant labels. The collection also contains a few materials, which belonged to Mr. Spencer concerning the attempts to save Nehrling's Palm Cottage Gardens.","Henry Nehrling Papers . Henry Nehrling was a horticulturist famous for his gardens in Gotha and Naples, Florida. These papers are primarily manuscripts of his articles in the American Eagle and other writings about plants. They include a few news clippings, plant lists, correspondence and other documentation of a business and personal nature.","Archival Collection of Dr. Henry H. Nehrling from the Collection of Michael D. Kahn . These materials were in the possession of Betty Pooler Mitchell Nehrling, Henry Nehrling's second wife. The collection consists of letters, documents, photographs, postcards and monographs which provides insight into the familial and financial affairs of the Nehrling Gardens. It also offers a look at Henry Nehrling during the tumultuous years of Florida's boom and bust, and a glimpse of his failing physical and mental state while he sought refuge in a quiet communal colony in Southwest Florida.","Bromeliad Society International","Affiliated Societies of Bromeliad Society International","Florida Council of Affiliated Societies"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Records, 1953-2006, contains biographies of Bromeliad Society International members and collected materials on conferences \u0026amp; symposiums, manuscripts, and various correspondence. Series also holds organizational files such as the minutes of the general meeting and the meeting of the board of directors, bylaws \u0026amp; standing rules of the Bromeliad Society, annual reports, financial statements, and affiliate shows committee reports.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries II: Plants, 1942-2003, includes documents that pertain to the registration of cultivar names. Applications for registration of Bromeliad are arranged in alphabetical order first by genus then proposed name. Some of the registrations may contain sample images along with the applications either in print or slide format. Series also holds one folder of articles and clippings related to Bromeliad which are collected by Bromeliad Society International members.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries III: Publications, 1951-2006, holds bromeliad publications from Australia, Brazil, Canada, Czech Republic, Mexico, Switzerland, and United States. Publications are arranged in alphabetical order by country, and then arranged in chronological order.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries IV: Photographs, 1949-2001, in three sub-series; Plants, People, and Digital Files. Most of the bromeliad cultivar photographs and registrar's files are stored in either floppy discs or CD-ROMs. Only one folder contains photographs of Bromeliad Society International members; such as Mulford B. Foster, Ella Kelly and Victoria Padilla.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries V: Memorabilia, 1980-2004, includes Bromeliad Society International pins and posters that were issued for the World Bromeliad Conferences. A number of posters are signed and numbered by the artists, such as John Barbie Jr. and Steve Littlefield.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VI: Additional Materials, 1911-2018, This series holds additional materials received from the Bromeliad Society International (BSI) in 2015, 2016, 2018, and 2022. Some of these materials include a World Bromeliad Conference '72 schedule events and a letter sent out to BSI members from the chair, Patrick Mitchell; a manuscript called \"Bromeliad Hybrids and Cultivars\" compiled by Brian Smith in 1984; \"A Preliminary Listing of All Known Cultivar and Grex Names for the Bromeliaceae\" created by Bromeliad Society, Inc. and arranged by Don A. Beadle, includes named and unnamed grexes, names of collectors, hybridizers, developers, references, and dates; \"First tentative Listing of Bromeliad Cultivars\" prepared by Brian Smith in 1989; four copper color separations for one print; and various publications from Australia, New Zealand, and the United States.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Series I: Records, 1953-2006, contains biographies of Bromeliad Society International members and collected materials on conferences \u0026 symposiums, manuscripts, and various correspondence. Series also holds organizational files such as the minutes of the general meeting and the meeting of the board of directors, bylaws \u0026 standing rules of the Bromeliad Society, annual reports, financial statements, and affiliate shows committee reports.","\nSeries II: Plants, 1942-2003, includes documents that pertain to the registration of cultivar names. Applications for registration of Bromeliad are arranged in alphabetical order first by genus then proposed name. Some of the registrations may contain sample images along with the applications either in print or slide format. Series also holds one folder of articles and clippings related to Bromeliad which are collected by Bromeliad Society International members.","\nSeries III: Publications, 1951-2006, holds bromeliad publications from Australia, Brazil, Canada, Czech Republic, Mexico, Switzerland, and United States. Publications are arranged in alphabetical order by country, and then arranged in chronological order.","\nSeries IV: Photographs, 1949-2001, in three sub-series; Plants, People, and Digital Files. Most of the bromeliad cultivar photographs and registrar's files are stored in either floppy discs or CD-ROMs. Only one folder contains photographs of Bromeliad Society International members; such as Mulford B. Foster, Ella Kelly and Victoria Padilla.","\nSeries V: Memorabilia, 1980-2004, includes Bromeliad Society International pins and posters that were issued for the World Bromeliad Conferences. A number of posters are signed and numbered by the artists, such as John Barbie Jr. and Steve Littlefield.","\nSeries VI: Additional Materials, 1911-2018, This series holds additional materials received from the Bromeliad Society International (BSI) in 2015, 2016, 2018, and 2022. Some of these materials include a World Bromeliad Conference '72 schedule events and a letter sent out to BSI members from the chair, Patrick Mitchell; a manuscript called \"Bromeliad Hybrids and Cultivars\" compiled by Brian Smith in 1984; \"A Preliminary Listing of All Known Cultivar and Grex Names for the Bromeliaceae\" created by Bromeliad Society, Inc. and arranged by Don A. Beadle, includes named and unnamed grexes, names of collectors, hybridizers, developers, references, and dates; \"First tentative Listing of Bromeliad Cultivars\" prepared by Brian Smith in 1989; four copper color separations for one print; and various publications from Australia, New Zealand, and the United States."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished records are protected by copyright. Permission to publish quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished records are protected by copyright. Permission to publish quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_9ae065e663a8566449eee07dbeca3db9\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Bromeliad Society International (BSI) Archive consists of historical materials, including photographs related to cultivation of bromeliads; field notes related to the collection of bromeliads in the wild; list of plant entries in judged bromeliad shows; incoming and outgoing correspondence from early bromeliad growers; biographies; administrative records of the BSI such as, copyright registrations, copies of meeting minutes, annual reports, and bylaws; BSI publications; and ephemera, including posters and pins. The purpose of the BSI is to promote and maintain public and scientific interest in the research, development, preservation, and distribution of bromeliads, both natural and hybrid, throughout the world.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Bromeliad Society International (BSI) Archive consists of historical materials, including photographs related to cultivation of bromeliads; field notes related to the collection of bromeliads in the wild; list of plant entries in judged bromeliad shows; incoming and outgoing correspondence from early bromeliad growers; biographies; administrative records of the BSI such as, copyright registrations, copies of meeting minutes, annual reports, and bylaws; BSI publications; and ephemera, including posters and pins. 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