{"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1976\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=FIU+Special+Collections","next":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1976\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=FIU+Special+Collections\u0026page=2","last":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1976\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=FIU+Special+Collections\u0026page=6"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":2,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":6,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":56,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"d331ed22985bd548fd56cca6","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Abril Lamarque Collection, 1883-2001","creator":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/d331ed22985bd548fd56cca6#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["Lamarque Sarno, Martha"],"label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/d331ed22985bd548fd56cca6#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eThe Abril Lamarque papers date from 1904-2002. The collection documents the life and career of Cuban-born cartoonist, designer, illustrator, graphic artist, caricaturist, and art director Abril Lamarque through printed materials, scrapbooks, writings, and original artwork. The collection includes examples of his cartoons and caricatures, these include clippings of the comic strip \u003cem\u003eMonguito. \u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/d331ed22985bd548fd56cca6#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"d331ed22985bd548fd56cca6","title_ssm":["Abril Lamarque Collection"],"title_tesim":["Abril Lamarque Collection"],"ead_ssi":"d331ed22985bd548fd56cca6","unitdate_ssm":["1883-2001"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1883-2001"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Item","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SPC6045","/repositories/2/resources/71"],"text":["SPC6045","/repositories/2/resources/71","Abril Lamarque Collection, 1883-2001","Cuba","Magicians -- United States","Cartoonists","Caricatures and cartoons","Graphic artists","Illustrators","Works of art","Sketches","Photographs","The collection is open for research.","The Abril Lamarque collection is arranged into three \nSeries: 1. Photographs and Slides. Series: 2. Printed Material. Series: 3. Artifacts. Series 1 has three sub-series: General Photographs, Santiago de Cuba Earthqueake, and Abril Lamarque Photographs.","Eduardo Abril Lamarque was born in Cuba on August 28, 1904. His parents sent him to the United States in 1916 when he was twelve to study English and business administration. He lived with an American family in Brooklyn. Lamarque's first cartoon was published in the Boy Scout section of the  New York World-Telegram and Evening Mail  at age 15. Four years later he created  Bla-Bla , a comic strip that appeared regularly in the  New York Daily News . He is credited with creating, in the early 1920s, the first Spanish language comic strip that was not translated from English. The title cartoon character,  Monguito , was a hapless soul, fully dressed in business suit and hat, who kept getting into sticky situations. Lamarque produced hundreds of these strips which were picked up by the New York based United Feature Syndicate and published daily in Spanish language newspapers throughout Latin America and the United States.","When he was twenty, Lamarque returned to Cuba and worked as the artistic director for the Havana newspaper  Lunes de Diario de Cuba . He also published a booklet designed to teach the elements of caricature drawing. Lamarque returned to New York and was hired by the  New York World Telegram and Evening Mail  as a caricaturist. In this position, he produced political cartoons and caricatures for the paper, introducing his \"radiocatures\", which involved providing instructions on the radio for filling in a grid in the newspaper to produce a caricature of well-known figure in the news.","In 1927, at the age of 23, he became the first art director of Dell Publishing Company - a magazine empire that included  Film Fun ,  I Confess ,  War Stories ,  Modern Screen ,  Popular Song ,  Spotlight ,  Radio Stars ,  Theatrical Page ,  Ballyhoo , and  Modern Romances . He continued working there for 14 years.","In 1940-1941, Lamarque established Abril Lamarque Creations, a design firm that specialized in elegant and functional household objects and jewelry in a modernist tradition. His signature piece was the Pallettray, a serving tray modeled after an artist's palette and hand-finished in exotic woods.","Between 1941 and 1946, Lamarque became the first art director for the Sunday edition of the  New York Times  and redesigned the  New York Times Magazine  and the  New York Times Book Review . Throughout his career, Lamarque designed and redesigned countless magazines and journals, including  American Weekly ,  New York News ,  Metropolitan Life ,  Popular Science ,  This Week ,  US News-World Report , and others.","In 1948, Lamarque established a successful graphic design studio in New York that provided a full spectrum of design services, including annual reports, posters, product labeling, corporate publications, advertising, logos, package designs, and brochures. His clients included Barcardi Company, Con Edison, Ericcson Telephone, General Cable, Berlitz School, Lipton, Monsanto, and numerous magazines. In 1958, he was given the National Award for Graphic Design in packaging. His design for the annual American Red Cross poster was selected for the 1948 national Red Cross campaign.","His success and high demand as a publication art director, consultant, and designer was attributed to innovative design principles he based on the German Bauhaus School and its philosophy that promoted functional design principles. Lamarque reduced these principles to a set of guidelines suitable for page design and applied them successfully to a wide variety of publication and print layouts.","Lamarque's teaching experience began in the early 1940s with seminars and workshops he conducted for the publishing industry. He joined the faculty of New York University School of Continuing Education in 1958, where he taught until 1963, and later joined the Crowell Collier Institute and taught publication design workshops across the United States and Canada. He also gave workshops and courses at Oklahoma State School of Journalism.","Lamarque was a long-time member of the Society of Illustrators, Society of Art Directors, the Dutch Treat Club, National Press Club, and New York University Club. He was also an amateur magician and member of the Society of American Magicians. He performed magic acts for the annual Christmas party of the Society of Illustrators. Abril Lamarque died in 1999 at the age of 94.\nNote written by Archives of American Art","Language from the original item is typically transcribed directly and without redaction, especially for titles. Items depicting offensive, racist, and/or stereotypical imagery or language are presented in their original state as a historical record for scholarship and research.","Related material to the collection may be found in the following repository. ","Archives of the American Art.","http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/abril-lamarque-papers-5573/more","The Abril Lamarque papers date from 1904-2002. The collection documents the life and career of Cuban-born cartoonist, designer, illustrator, graphic artist, caricaturist, and art director Abril Lamarque through printed materials, scrapbooks, writings, and original artwork. The collection includes examples of his cartoons and caricatures, these include clippings of the comic strip  Monguito. ","The collection consists primarily of varied printed material (1883-1989), such as magazines, newspapers, clippings, posters, and other publications that Lamarque either designed or that feature his cartoons, caricatures, or illustrations. These include clippings of the comic strip  Monguito  and editions of the Havana newspaper  Lunes de Diario de Cuba .In addition, the collection includes photographs (1924-1986) documenting Lamarque's private and professional life.","The collection includes materials concerning the Barcardi company, for which Lamarque designed a company logo and annual reports, the Dell Publishing Company, and Cuban caricaturist and publisher Conrado Massaguer. The material on Massaguer includes Massaguer's illustrations and several covers of his celebrated magazine  Social , published in Havana between the years 1916 and 1938, and pages from the \"Ellos\" section of  Social , a segment that included Massaguer's caricatures of prominent members of Cuban high society.","Rights. The Abril Lamarque papers are owned by Florida International University. Literary rights as possessed by the donor have been dedicated to public use for research, study, and scholarship. The collection is subject to all copyright laws.","FIU Special Collections","Society of American Magicians","Lamarque Sarno, Martha","Batista, Fulgencio, 1901-1973","Massaguer, Conrado Walter, 1889-1965","Lamarque, Abril, 1904-1999","English Spanish; Castilian"],"unitid_tesim":["SPC6045","/repositories/2/resources/71"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1883-2001"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Abril Lamarque Collection, 1883-2001"],"collection_title_tesim":["Abril Lamarque Collection, 1883-2001"],"collection_ssim":["Abril Lamarque Collection, 1883-2001"],"repository_ssm":["FIU Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Cuba"],"geogname_ssim":["Cuba"],"creator_ssm":["Lamarque Sarno, Martha"],"creator_ssim":["Lamarque Sarno, Martha"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Lamarque Sarno, Martha"],"creators_ssim":["Lamarque Sarno, Martha"],"places_ssim":["Cuba"],"access_terms_ssm":["Rights. The Abril Lamarque papers are owned by Florida International University. Literary rights as possessed by the donor have been dedicated to public use for research, study, and scholarship. The collection is subject to all copyright laws."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Martha Lamarque Sarno donated her father's papers to Special Collections at Florida International University."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Magicians -- United States","Cartoonists","Caricatures and cartoons","Graphic artists","Illustrators","Works of art","Sketches","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Magicians -- United States","Cartoonists","Caricatures and cartoons","Graphic artists","Illustrators","Works of art","Sketches","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.00 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["2.00 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Works of art","Sketches","Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Abril Lamarque collection is arranged into three \nSeries: 1. Photographs and Slides. Series: 2.\u0026#xA0;Printed Material. Series: 3. Artifacts. Series 1 has three sub-series: General Photographs, Santiago de Cuba Earthqueake, and Abril Lamarque Photographs.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Abril Lamarque collection is arranged into three \nSeries: 1. Photographs and Slides. Series: 2. Printed Material. Series: 3. Artifacts. Series 1 has three sub-series: General Photographs, Santiago de Cuba Earthqueake, and Abril Lamarque Photographs."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEduardo Abril Lamarque was born in Cuba on August 28, 1904. His parents sent him to the United States in 1916 when he was twelve to study English and business administration. He lived with an American family in Brooklyn. Lamarque's first cartoon was published in the Boy Scout section of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eNew York World-Telegram and Evening Mail\u003c/emph\u003e at age 15. Four years later he created \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBla-Bla\u003c/emph\u003e, a comic strip that appeared regularly in the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eNew York Daily News\u003c/emph\u003e. He is credited with creating, in the early 1920s, the first Spanish language comic strip that was not translated from English. The title cartoon character, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eMonguito\u003c/emph\u003e, was a hapless soul, fully dressed in business suit and hat, who kept getting into sticky situations. Lamarque produced hundreds of these strips which were picked up by the New York based United Feature Syndicate and published daily in Spanish language newspapers throughout Latin America and the United States.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhen he was twenty, Lamarque returned to Cuba and worked as the artistic director for the Havana newspaper \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLunes de Diario de Cuba\u003c/emph\u003e. He also published a booklet designed to teach the elements of caricature drawing. Lamarque returned to New York and was hired by the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eNew York World Telegram and Evening Mail\u003c/emph\u003e as a caricaturist. In this position, he produced political cartoons and caricatures for the paper, introducing his \"radiocatures\", which involved providing instructions on the radio for filling in a grid in the newspaper to produce a caricature of well-known figure in the news.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1927, at the age of 23, he became the first art director of Dell Publishing Company - a magazine empire that included \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eFilm Fun\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eI Confess\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eWar Stories\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eModern Screen\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ePopular Song\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSpotlight\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRadio Stars\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eTheatrical Page\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBallyhoo\u003c/emph\u003e, and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eModern Romances\u003c/emph\u003e. He continued working there for 14 years.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1940-1941, Lamarque established Abril Lamarque Creations, a design firm that specialized in elegant and functional household objects and jewelry in a modernist tradition. His signature piece was the Pallettray, a serving tray modeled after an artist's palette and hand-finished in exotic woods.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBetween 1941 and 1946, Lamarque became the first art director for the Sunday edition of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eNew York Times\u003c/emph\u003e and redesigned the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eNew York Times Magazine\u003c/emph\u003e and the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eNew York Times Book Review\u003c/emph\u003e. Throughout his career, Lamarque designed and redesigned countless magazines and journals, including \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eAmerican Weekly\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eNew York News\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eMetropolitan Life\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ePopular Science\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThis Week\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eUS News-World Report\u003c/emph\u003e, and others.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1948, Lamarque established a successful graphic design studio in New York that provided a full spectrum of design services, including annual reports, posters, product labeling, corporate publications, advertising, logos, package designs, and brochures. His clients included Barcardi Company, Con Edison, Ericcson Telephone, General Cable, Berlitz School, Lipton, Monsanto, and numerous magazines. In 1958, he was given the National Award for Graphic Design in packaging. His design for the annual American Red Cross poster was selected for the 1948 national Red Cross campaign.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHis success and high demand as a publication art director, consultant, and designer was attributed to innovative design principles he based on the German Bauhaus School and its philosophy that promoted functional design principles. Lamarque reduced these principles to a set of guidelines suitable for page design and applied them successfully to a wide variety of publication and print layouts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLamarque's teaching experience began in the early 1940s with seminars and workshops he conducted for the publishing industry. He joined the faculty of New York University School of Continuing Education in 1958, where he taught until 1963, and later joined the Crowell Collier Institute and taught publication design workshops across the United States and Canada. He also gave workshops and courses at Oklahoma State School of Journalism.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLamarque was a long-time member of the Society of Illustrators, Society of Art Directors, the Dutch Treat Club, National Press Club, and New York University Club. He was also an amateur magician and member of the Society of American Magicians. He performed magic acts for the annual Christmas party of the Society of Illustrators. Abril Lamarque died in 1999 at the age of 94.\nNote written by Archives of American Art\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Eduardo Abril Lamarque was born in Cuba on August 28, 1904. His parents sent him to the United States in 1916 when he was twelve to study English and business administration. He lived with an American family in Brooklyn. Lamarque's first cartoon was published in the Boy Scout section of the  New York World-Telegram and Evening Mail  at age 15. Four years later he created  Bla-Bla , a comic strip that appeared regularly in the  New York Daily News . He is credited with creating, in the early 1920s, the first Spanish language comic strip that was not translated from English. The title cartoon character,  Monguito , was a hapless soul, fully dressed in business suit and hat, who kept getting into sticky situations. Lamarque produced hundreds of these strips which were picked up by the New York based United Feature Syndicate and published daily in Spanish language newspapers throughout Latin America and the United States.","When he was twenty, Lamarque returned to Cuba and worked as the artistic director for the Havana newspaper  Lunes de Diario de Cuba . He also published a booklet designed to teach the elements of caricature drawing. Lamarque returned to New York and was hired by the  New York World Telegram and Evening Mail  as a caricaturist. In this position, he produced political cartoons and caricatures for the paper, introducing his \"radiocatures\", which involved providing instructions on the radio for filling in a grid in the newspaper to produce a caricature of well-known figure in the news.","In 1927, at the age of 23, he became the first art director of Dell Publishing Company - a magazine empire that included  Film Fun ,  I Confess ,  War Stories ,  Modern Screen ,  Popular Song ,  Spotlight ,  Radio Stars ,  Theatrical Page ,  Ballyhoo , and  Modern Romances . He continued working there for 14 years.","In 1940-1941, Lamarque established Abril Lamarque Creations, a design firm that specialized in elegant and functional household objects and jewelry in a modernist tradition. His signature piece was the Pallettray, a serving tray modeled after an artist's palette and hand-finished in exotic woods.","Between 1941 and 1946, Lamarque became the first art director for the Sunday edition of the  New York Times  and redesigned the  New York Times Magazine  and the  New York Times Book Review . Throughout his career, Lamarque designed and redesigned countless magazines and journals, including  American Weekly ,  New York News ,  Metropolitan Life ,  Popular Science ,  This Week ,  US News-World Report , and others.","In 1948, Lamarque established a successful graphic design studio in New York that provided a full spectrum of design services, including annual reports, posters, product labeling, corporate publications, advertising, logos, package designs, and brochures. His clients included Barcardi Company, Con Edison, Ericcson Telephone, General Cable, Berlitz School, Lipton, Monsanto, and numerous magazines. In 1958, he was given the National Award for Graphic Design in packaging. His design for the annual American Red Cross poster was selected for the 1948 national Red Cross campaign.","His success and high demand as a publication art director, consultant, and designer was attributed to innovative design principles he based on the German Bauhaus School and its philosophy that promoted functional design principles. Lamarque reduced these principles to a set of guidelines suitable for page design and applied them successfully to a wide variety of publication and print layouts.","Lamarque's teaching experience began in the early 1940s with seminars and workshops he conducted for the publishing industry. He joined the faculty of New York University School of Continuing Education in 1958, where he taught until 1963, and later joined the Crowell Collier Institute and taught publication design workshops across the United States and Canada. He also gave workshops and courses at Oklahoma State School of Journalism.","Lamarque was a long-time member of the Society of Illustrators, Society of Art Directors, the Dutch Treat Club, National Press Club, and New York University Club. He was also an amateur magician and member of the Society of American Magicians. He performed magic acts for the annual Christmas party of the Society of Illustrators. Abril Lamarque died in 1999 at the age of 94.\nNote written by Archives of American Art"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLanguage from the original item is typically transcribed directly and without redaction, especially for titles. Items depicting offensive, racist, and/or stereotypical imagery or language are presented in their original state as a historical record for scholarship and research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Harmful Language Statement"],"odd_tesim":["Language from the original item is typically transcribed directly and without redaction, especially for titles. Items depicting offensive, racist, and/or stereotypical imagery or language are presented in their original state as a historical record for scholarship and research."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRelated material to the collection may be found in the following repository. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eArchives of the American Art.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ehttp://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/abril-lamarque-papers-5573/more\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Related material to the collection may be found in the following repository. ","Archives of the American Art.","http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/abril-lamarque-papers-5573/more"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Abril Lamarque papers date from 1904-2002. The collection documents the life and career of Cuban-born cartoonist, designer, illustrator, graphic artist, caricaturist, and art director Abril Lamarque through printed materials, scrapbooks, writings, and original artwork. The collection includes examples of his cartoons and caricatures, these include clippings of the comic strip \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eMonguito. \u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists primarily of varied printed material (1883-1989), such as magazines, newspapers, clippings, posters, and other publications that Lamarque either designed or that feature his cartoons, caricatures, or illustrations. These include clippings of the comic strip \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eMonguito \u003c/emph\u003eand editions of the Havana newspaper \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLunes de Diario de Cuba\u003c/emph\u003e.In addition, the collection includes photographs (1924-1986) documenting Lamarque's private and professional life.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes materials concerning the Barcardi company, for which Lamarque designed a company logo and annual reports, the Dell Publishing Company, and Cuban caricaturist and publisher Conrado Massaguer. The material on Massaguer includes Massaguer's illustrations and several covers of his celebrated magazine \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSocial\u003c/emph\u003e, published in Havana between the years 1916 and 1938, and pages from the \"Ellos\" section of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSocial\u003c/emph\u003e, a segment that included Massaguer's caricatures of prominent members of Cuban high society.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents "],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Abril Lamarque papers date from 1904-2002. The collection documents the life and career of Cuban-born cartoonist, designer, illustrator, graphic artist, caricaturist, and art director Abril Lamarque through printed materials, scrapbooks, writings, and original artwork. The collection includes examples of his cartoons and caricatures, these include clippings of the comic strip  Monguito. ","The collection consists primarily of varied printed material (1883-1989), such as magazines, newspapers, clippings, posters, and other publications that Lamarque either designed or that feature his cartoons, caricatures, or illustrations. These include clippings of the comic strip  Monguito  and editions of the Havana newspaper  Lunes de Diario de Cuba .In addition, the collection includes photographs (1924-1986) documenting Lamarque's private and professional life.","The collection includes materials concerning the Barcardi company, for which Lamarque designed a company logo and annual reports, the Dell Publishing Company, and Cuban caricaturist and publisher Conrado Massaguer. The material on Massaguer includes Massaguer's illustrations and several covers of his celebrated magazine  Social , published in Havana between the years 1916 and 1938, and pages from the \"Ellos\" section of  Social , a segment that included Massaguer's caricatures of prominent members of Cuban high society."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRights. The Abril Lamarque papers are owned by Florida International University. Literary rights as possessed by the donor have been dedicated to public use for research, study, and scholarship. The collection is subject to all copyright laws.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Rights. The Abril Lamarque papers are owned by Florida International University. Literary rights as possessed by the donor have been dedicated to public use for research, study, and scholarship. The collection is subject to all copyright laws."],"names_coll_ssim":["Society of American Magicians","Batista, Fulgencio, 1901-1973","Massaguer, Conrado Walter, 1889-1965","Lamarque, Abril, 1904-1999"],"names_ssim":["FIU Special Collections","Society of American Magicians","Lamarque Sarno, Martha","Batista, Fulgencio, 1901-1973","Massaguer, Conrado Walter, 1889-1965","Lamarque, Abril, 1904-1999"],"corpname_ssim":["FIU Special Collections","Society of American Magicians"],"persname_ssim":["Lamarque Sarno, Martha","Batista, Fulgencio, 1901-1973","Massaguer, Conrado Walter, 1889-1965","Lamarque, Abril, 1904-1999"],"language_ssim":["English Spanish; Castilian"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":247,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870844705641594880,"_root_":"d331ed22985bd548fd56cca6","timestamp":"2026-07-16T04:35:45.752Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"d331ed22985bd548fd56cca6","title_ssm":["Abril Lamarque Collection"],"title_tesim":["Abril Lamarque Collection"],"ead_ssi":"d331ed22985bd548fd56cca6","unitdate_ssm":["1883-2001"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1883-2001"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Item","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SPC6045","/repositories/2/resources/71"],"text":["SPC6045","/repositories/2/resources/71","Abril Lamarque Collection, 1883-2001","Cuba","Magicians -- United States","Cartoonists","Caricatures and cartoons","Graphic artists","Illustrators","Works of art","Sketches","Photographs","The collection is open for research.","The Abril Lamarque collection is arranged into three \nSeries: 1. Photographs and Slides. Series: 2. Printed Material. Series: 3. Artifacts. Series 1 has three sub-series: General Photographs, Santiago de Cuba Earthqueake, and Abril Lamarque Photographs.","Eduardo Abril Lamarque was born in Cuba on August 28, 1904. His parents sent him to the United States in 1916 when he was twelve to study English and business administration. He lived with an American family in Brooklyn. Lamarque's first cartoon was published in the Boy Scout section of the  New York World-Telegram and Evening Mail  at age 15. Four years later he created  Bla-Bla , a comic strip that appeared regularly in the  New York Daily News . He is credited with creating, in the early 1920s, the first Spanish language comic strip that was not translated from English. The title cartoon character,  Monguito , was a hapless soul, fully dressed in business suit and hat, who kept getting into sticky situations. Lamarque produced hundreds of these strips which were picked up by the New York based United Feature Syndicate and published daily in Spanish language newspapers throughout Latin America and the United States.","When he was twenty, Lamarque returned to Cuba and worked as the artistic director for the Havana newspaper  Lunes de Diario de Cuba . He also published a booklet designed to teach the elements of caricature drawing. Lamarque returned to New York and was hired by the  New York World Telegram and Evening Mail  as a caricaturist. In this position, he produced political cartoons and caricatures for the paper, introducing his \"radiocatures\", which involved providing instructions on the radio for filling in a grid in the newspaper to produce a caricature of well-known figure in the news.","In 1927, at the age of 23, he became the first art director of Dell Publishing Company - a magazine empire that included  Film Fun ,  I Confess ,  War Stories ,  Modern Screen ,  Popular Song ,  Spotlight ,  Radio Stars ,  Theatrical Page ,  Ballyhoo , and  Modern Romances . He continued working there for 14 years.","In 1940-1941, Lamarque established Abril Lamarque Creations, a design firm that specialized in elegant and functional household objects and jewelry in a modernist tradition. His signature piece was the Pallettray, a serving tray modeled after an artist's palette and hand-finished in exotic woods.","Between 1941 and 1946, Lamarque became the first art director for the Sunday edition of the  New York Times  and redesigned the  New York Times Magazine  and the  New York Times Book Review . Throughout his career, Lamarque designed and redesigned countless magazines and journals, including  American Weekly ,  New York News ,  Metropolitan Life ,  Popular Science ,  This Week ,  US News-World Report , and others.","In 1948, Lamarque established a successful graphic design studio in New York that provided a full spectrum of design services, including annual reports, posters, product labeling, corporate publications, advertising, logos, package designs, and brochures. His clients included Barcardi Company, Con Edison, Ericcson Telephone, General Cable, Berlitz School, Lipton, Monsanto, and numerous magazines. In 1958, he was given the National Award for Graphic Design in packaging. His design for the annual American Red Cross poster was selected for the 1948 national Red Cross campaign.","His success and high demand as a publication art director, consultant, and designer was attributed to innovative design principles he based on the German Bauhaus School and its philosophy that promoted functional design principles. Lamarque reduced these principles to a set of guidelines suitable for page design and applied them successfully to a wide variety of publication and print layouts.","Lamarque's teaching experience began in the early 1940s with seminars and workshops he conducted for the publishing industry. He joined the faculty of New York University School of Continuing Education in 1958, where he taught until 1963, and later joined the Crowell Collier Institute and taught publication design workshops across the United States and Canada. He also gave workshops and courses at Oklahoma State School of Journalism.","Lamarque was a long-time member of the Society of Illustrators, Society of Art Directors, the Dutch Treat Club, National Press Club, and New York University Club. He was also an amateur magician and member of the Society of American Magicians. He performed magic acts for the annual Christmas party of the Society of Illustrators. Abril Lamarque died in 1999 at the age of 94.\nNote written by Archives of American Art","Language from the original item is typically transcribed directly and without redaction, especially for titles. Items depicting offensive, racist, and/or stereotypical imagery or language are presented in their original state as a historical record for scholarship and research.","Related material to the collection may be found in the following repository. ","Archives of the American Art.","http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/abril-lamarque-papers-5573/more","The Abril Lamarque papers date from 1904-2002. The collection documents the life and career of Cuban-born cartoonist, designer, illustrator, graphic artist, caricaturist, and art director Abril Lamarque through printed materials, scrapbooks, writings, and original artwork. The collection includes examples of his cartoons and caricatures, these include clippings of the comic strip  Monguito. ","The collection consists primarily of varied printed material (1883-1989), such as magazines, newspapers, clippings, posters, and other publications that Lamarque either designed or that feature his cartoons, caricatures, or illustrations. These include clippings of the comic strip  Monguito  and editions of the Havana newspaper  Lunes de Diario de Cuba .In addition, the collection includes photographs (1924-1986) documenting Lamarque's private and professional life.","The collection includes materials concerning the Barcardi company, for which Lamarque designed a company logo and annual reports, the Dell Publishing Company, and Cuban caricaturist and publisher Conrado Massaguer. The material on Massaguer includes Massaguer's illustrations and several covers of his celebrated magazine  Social , published in Havana between the years 1916 and 1938, and pages from the \"Ellos\" section of  Social , a segment that included Massaguer's caricatures of prominent members of Cuban high society.","Rights. The Abril Lamarque papers are owned by Florida International University. Literary rights as possessed by the donor have been dedicated to public use for research, study, and scholarship. The collection is subject to all copyright laws.","FIU Special Collections","Society of American Magicians","Lamarque Sarno, Martha","Batista, Fulgencio, 1901-1973","Massaguer, Conrado Walter, 1889-1965","Lamarque, Abril, 1904-1999","English Spanish; Castilian"],"unitid_tesim":["SPC6045","/repositories/2/resources/71"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1883-2001"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Abril Lamarque Collection, 1883-2001"],"collection_title_tesim":["Abril Lamarque Collection, 1883-2001"],"collection_ssim":["Abril Lamarque Collection, 1883-2001"],"repository_ssm":["FIU Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Cuba"],"geogname_ssim":["Cuba"],"creator_ssm":["Lamarque Sarno, Martha"],"creator_ssim":["Lamarque Sarno, Martha"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Lamarque Sarno, Martha"],"creators_ssim":["Lamarque Sarno, Martha"],"places_ssim":["Cuba"],"access_terms_ssm":["Rights. The Abril Lamarque papers are owned by Florida International University. Literary rights as possessed by the donor have been dedicated to public use for research, study, and scholarship. The collection is subject to all copyright laws."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Martha Lamarque Sarno donated her father's papers to Special Collections at Florida International University."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Magicians -- United States","Cartoonists","Caricatures and cartoons","Graphic artists","Illustrators","Works of art","Sketches","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Magicians -- United States","Cartoonists","Caricatures and cartoons","Graphic artists","Illustrators","Works of art","Sketches","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.00 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["2.00 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Works of art","Sketches","Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Abril Lamarque collection is arranged into three \nSeries: 1. Photographs and Slides. Series: 2.\u0026#xA0;Printed Material. Series: 3. Artifacts. Series 1 has three sub-series: General Photographs, Santiago de Cuba Earthqueake, and Abril Lamarque Photographs.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Abril Lamarque collection is arranged into three \nSeries: 1. Photographs and Slides. Series: 2. Printed Material. Series: 3. Artifacts. Series 1 has three sub-series: General Photographs, Santiago de Cuba Earthqueake, and Abril Lamarque Photographs."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEduardo Abril Lamarque was born in Cuba on August 28, 1904. His parents sent him to the United States in 1916 when he was twelve to study English and business administration. He lived with an American family in Brooklyn. Lamarque's first cartoon was published in the Boy Scout section of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eNew York World-Telegram and Evening Mail\u003c/emph\u003e at age 15. Four years later he created \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBla-Bla\u003c/emph\u003e, a comic strip that appeared regularly in the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eNew York Daily News\u003c/emph\u003e. He is credited with creating, in the early 1920s, the first Spanish language comic strip that was not translated from English. The title cartoon character, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eMonguito\u003c/emph\u003e, was a hapless soul, fully dressed in business suit and hat, who kept getting into sticky situations. Lamarque produced hundreds of these strips which were picked up by the New York based United Feature Syndicate and published daily in Spanish language newspapers throughout Latin America and the United States.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhen he was twenty, Lamarque returned to Cuba and worked as the artistic director for the Havana newspaper \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLunes de Diario de Cuba\u003c/emph\u003e. He also published a booklet designed to teach the elements of caricature drawing. Lamarque returned to New York and was hired by the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eNew York World Telegram and Evening Mail\u003c/emph\u003e as a caricaturist. In this position, he produced political cartoons and caricatures for the paper, introducing his \"radiocatures\", which involved providing instructions on the radio for filling in a grid in the newspaper to produce a caricature of well-known figure in the news.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1927, at the age of 23, he became the first art director of Dell Publishing Company - a magazine empire that included \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eFilm Fun\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eI Confess\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eWar Stories\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eModern Screen\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ePopular Song\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSpotlight\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRadio Stars\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eTheatrical Page\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBallyhoo\u003c/emph\u003e, and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eModern Romances\u003c/emph\u003e. He continued working there for 14 years.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1940-1941, Lamarque established Abril Lamarque Creations, a design firm that specialized in elegant and functional household objects and jewelry in a modernist tradition. His signature piece was the Pallettray, a serving tray modeled after an artist's palette and hand-finished in exotic woods.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBetween 1941 and 1946, Lamarque became the first art director for the Sunday edition of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eNew York Times\u003c/emph\u003e and redesigned the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eNew York Times Magazine\u003c/emph\u003e and the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eNew York Times Book Review\u003c/emph\u003e. Throughout his career, Lamarque designed and redesigned countless magazines and journals, including \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eAmerican Weekly\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eNew York News\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eMetropolitan Life\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ePopular Science\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThis Week\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eUS News-World Report\u003c/emph\u003e, and others.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1948, Lamarque established a successful graphic design studio in New York that provided a full spectrum of design services, including annual reports, posters, product labeling, corporate publications, advertising, logos, package designs, and brochures. His clients included Barcardi Company, Con Edison, Ericcson Telephone, General Cable, Berlitz School, Lipton, Monsanto, and numerous magazines. In 1958, he was given the National Award for Graphic Design in packaging. His design for the annual American Red Cross poster was selected for the 1948 national Red Cross campaign.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHis success and high demand as a publication art director, consultant, and designer was attributed to innovative design principles he based on the German Bauhaus School and its philosophy that promoted functional design principles. Lamarque reduced these principles to a set of guidelines suitable for page design and applied them successfully to a wide variety of publication and print layouts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLamarque's teaching experience began in the early 1940s with seminars and workshops he conducted for the publishing industry. He joined the faculty of New York University School of Continuing Education in 1958, where he taught until 1963, and later joined the Crowell Collier Institute and taught publication design workshops across the United States and Canada. He also gave workshops and courses at Oklahoma State School of Journalism.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLamarque was a long-time member of the Society of Illustrators, Society of Art Directors, the Dutch Treat Club, National Press Club, and New York University Club. He was also an amateur magician and member of the Society of American Magicians. He performed magic acts for the annual Christmas party of the Society of Illustrators. Abril Lamarque died in 1999 at the age of 94.\nNote written by Archives of American Art\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Eduardo Abril Lamarque was born in Cuba on August 28, 1904. His parents sent him to the United States in 1916 when he was twelve to study English and business administration. He lived with an American family in Brooklyn. Lamarque's first cartoon was published in the Boy Scout section of the  New York World-Telegram and Evening Mail  at age 15. Four years later he created  Bla-Bla , a comic strip that appeared regularly in the  New York Daily News . He is credited with creating, in the early 1920s, the first Spanish language comic strip that was not translated from English. The title cartoon character,  Monguito , was a hapless soul, fully dressed in business suit and hat, who kept getting into sticky situations. Lamarque produced hundreds of these strips which were picked up by the New York based United Feature Syndicate and published daily in Spanish language newspapers throughout Latin America and the United States.","When he was twenty, Lamarque returned to Cuba and worked as the artistic director for the Havana newspaper  Lunes de Diario de Cuba . He also published a booklet designed to teach the elements of caricature drawing. Lamarque returned to New York and was hired by the  New York World Telegram and Evening Mail  as a caricaturist. In this position, he produced political cartoons and caricatures for the paper, introducing his \"radiocatures\", which involved providing instructions on the radio for filling in a grid in the newspaper to produce a caricature of well-known figure in the news.","In 1927, at the age of 23, he became the first art director of Dell Publishing Company - a magazine empire that included  Film Fun ,  I Confess ,  War Stories ,  Modern Screen ,  Popular Song ,  Spotlight ,  Radio Stars ,  Theatrical Page ,  Ballyhoo , and  Modern Romances . He continued working there for 14 years.","In 1940-1941, Lamarque established Abril Lamarque Creations, a design firm that specialized in elegant and functional household objects and jewelry in a modernist tradition. His signature piece was the Pallettray, a serving tray modeled after an artist's palette and hand-finished in exotic woods.","Between 1941 and 1946, Lamarque became the first art director for the Sunday edition of the  New York Times  and redesigned the  New York Times Magazine  and the  New York Times Book Review . Throughout his career, Lamarque designed and redesigned countless magazines and journals, including  American Weekly ,  New York News ,  Metropolitan Life ,  Popular Science ,  This Week ,  US News-World Report , and others.","In 1948, Lamarque established a successful graphic design studio in New York that provided a full spectrum of design services, including annual reports, posters, product labeling, corporate publications, advertising, logos, package designs, and brochures. His clients included Barcardi Company, Con Edison, Ericcson Telephone, General Cable, Berlitz School, Lipton, Monsanto, and numerous magazines. In 1958, he was given the National Award for Graphic Design in packaging. His design for the annual American Red Cross poster was selected for the 1948 national Red Cross campaign.","His success and high demand as a publication art director, consultant, and designer was attributed to innovative design principles he based on the German Bauhaus School and its philosophy that promoted functional design principles. Lamarque reduced these principles to a set of guidelines suitable for page design and applied them successfully to a wide variety of publication and print layouts.","Lamarque's teaching experience began in the early 1940s with seminars and workshops he conducted for the publishing industry. He joined the faculty of New York University School of Continuing Education in 1958, where he taught until 1963, and later joined the Crowell Collier Institute and taught publication design workshops across the United States and Canada. He also gave workshops and courses at Oklahoma State School of Journalism.","Lamarque was a long-time member of the Society of Illustrators, Society of Art Directors, the Dutch Treat Club, National Press Club, and New York University Club. He was also an amateur magician and member of the Society of American Magicians. He performed magic acts for the annual Christmas party of the Society of Illustrators. Abril Lamarque died in 1999 at the age of 94.\nNote written by Archives of American Art"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLanguage from the original item is typically transcribed directly and without redaction, especially for titles. Items depicting offensive, racist, and/or stereotypical imagery or language are presented in their original state as a historical record for scholarship and research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Harmful Language Statement"],"odd_tesim":["Language from the original item is typically transcribed directly and without redaction, especially for titles. Items depicting offensive, racist, and/or stereotypical imagery or language are presented in their original state as a historical record for scholarship and research."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRelated material to the collection may be found in the following repository. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eArchives of the American Art.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ehttp://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/abril-lamarque-papers-5573/more\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Related material to the collection may be found in the following repository. ","Archives of the American Art.","http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/abril-lamarque-papers-5573/more"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Abril Lamarque papers date from 1904-2002. The collection documents the life and career of Cuban-born cartoonist, designer, illustrator, graphic artist, caricaturist, and art director Abril Lamarque through printed materials, scrapbooks, writings, and original artwork. The collection includes examples of his cartoons and caricatures, these include clippings of the comic strip \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eMonguito. \u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists primarily of varied printed material (1883-1989), such as magazines, newspapers, clippings, posters, and other publications that Lamarque either designed or that feature his cartoons, caricatures, or illustrations. These include clippings of the comic strip \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eMonguito \u003c/emph\u003eand editions of the Havana newspaper \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLunes de Diario de Cuba\u003c/emph\u003e.In addition, the collection includes photographs (1924-1986) documenting Lamarque's private and professional life.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes materials concerning the Barcardi company, for which Lamarque designed a company logo and annual reports, the Dell Publishing Company, and Cuban caricaturist and publisher Conrado Massaguer. The material on Massaguer includes Massaguer's illustrations and several covers of his celebrated magazine \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSocial\u003c/emph\u003e, published in Havana between the years 1916 and 1938, and pages from the \"Ellos\" section of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSocial\u003c/emph\u003e, a segment that included Massaguer's caricatures of prominent members of Cuban high society.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents "],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Abril Lamarque papers date from 1904-2002. The collection documents the life and career of Cuban-born cartoonist, designer, illustrator, graphic artist, caricaturist, and art director Abril Lamarque through printed materials, scrapbooks, writings, and original artwork. The collection includes examples of his cartoons and caricatures, these include clippings of the comic strip  Monguito. ","The collection consists primarily of varied printed material (1883-1989), such as magazines, newspapers, clippings, posters, and other publications that Lamarque either designed or that feature his cartoons, caricatures, or illustrations. These include clippings of the comic strip  Monguito  and editions of the Havana newspaper  Lunes de Diario de Cuba .In addition, the collection includes photographs (1924-1986) documenting Lamarque's private and professional life.","The collection includes materials concerning the Barcardi company, for which Lamarque designed a company logo and annual reports, the Dell Publishing Company, and Cuban caricaturist and publisher Conrado Massaguer. The material on Massaguer includes Massaguer's illustrations and several covers of his celebrated magazine  Social , published in Havana between the years 1916 and 1938, and pages from the \"Ellos\" section of  Social , a segment that included Massaguer's caricatures of prominent members of Cuban high society."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRights. The Abril Lamarque papers are owned by Florida International University. Literary rights as possessed by the donor have been dedicated to public use for research, study, and scholarship. The collection is subject to all copyright laws.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Rights. The Abril Lamarque papers are owned by Florida International University. Literary rights as possessed by the donor have been dedicated to public use for research, study, and scholarship. The collection is subject to all copyright laws."],"names_coll_ssim":["Society of American Magicians","Batista, Fulgencio, 1901-1973","Massaguer, Conrado Walter, 1889-1965","Lamarque, Abril, 1904-1999"],"names_ssim":["FIU Special Collections","Society of American Magicians","Lamarque Sarno, Martha","Batista, Fulgencio, 1901-1973","Massaguer, Conrado Walter, 1889-1965","Lamarque, Abril, 1904-1999"],"corpname_ssim":["FIU Special Collections","Society of American Magicians"],"persname_ssim":["Lamarque Sarno, Martha","Batista, Fulgencio, 1901-1973","Massaguer, Conrado Walter, 1889-1965","Lamarque, Abril, 1904-1999"],"language_ssim":["English Spanish; Castilian"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":247,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870844705641594880,"_root_":"d331ed22985bd548fd56cca6","timestamp":"2026-07-16T04:35:45.752Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/d331ed22985bd548fd56cca6"}},{"id":"febc0b2945e082040f8df62a","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Alberto Bolet Collection, 1957-1998","creator":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/febc0b2945e082040f8df62a#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["Bolet, Alberto"],"label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/febc0b2945e082040f8df62a#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains composed works of Cuban-American musical conductor and musician Alberto Bolet. Additionally, the archive includes an original typewriter belonging to him, posters from various performances, photographs of him as well as performances, and personal correspondences.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/febc0b2945e082040f8df62a#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"febc0b2945e082040f8df62a","title_ssm":["Alberto Bolet Collection"],"title_tesim":["Alberto Bolet Collection"],"ead_ssi":"febc0b2945e082040f8df62a","unitdate_ssm":["1957-1998"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1957-1998"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SPC5010","/repositories/2/resources/94"],"text":["SPC5010","/repositories/2/resources/94","Alberto Bolet Collection, 1957-1998","Musicians","Music","Composers","The collection is open for research.","The arrangement of the folders in each box is in alphabetical order.","Alberto Bolet is a legendary pianist and conductor born in Havana, Cuba, on September 10, 1905. In the 1920s, he learned to play the violin in Madrid before traveling to Paris to perform, as well as briefly in Budapest. Afterwards, he toured briefly as part of a musical trio across Europe and North Africa in the late 1920s and 1930s. In 1936 Bolet returned to Havana to found and organise CMZ, Cuba's first classical radio station. There, he acted as music director and conductor from 1937 to 1943, founding and running both the first radio symphony orchestra in Cuba. More than 300 concerts were broadcast on air in the first three years. He left Cuba in the late 1940s to coordinate orchestras across South America, such as the Ballet Espanol de Ana Maria. In 1951, he returned to Cuba and became music director of the Havana Philharmonic, a post he held until January 1959. Political conditions caused him to leave Cuba in February 1959, and he moved to Europe where he conducted a series of concerts in London and Germany, to later become director of the Bilbao Symphony, Spain. In 1968 was selected as musical director of the Long Beach Symphony, California, a position he held for ten years. He also acted as Professor of Music at the California State College at Fullerton and Guest Lecturer at the Institute of Lifetime Learning, Long Beach, California. Until his death on November 10, 1999, he was active in the musical community and conducted orchestras not just in South America, but the United States, England, Spain and France as well.","This collection contains composed works of Cuban-American musical conductor and musician Alberto Bolet. Additionally, the archive includes an original typewriter belonging to him, posters from various performances, photographs of him as well as performances, and personal correspondences.","Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general","FIU Special Collections","Bolet, Alberto","English Spanish; Castilian"],"unitid_tesim":["SPC5010","/repositories/2/resources/94"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1957-1998"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alberto Bolet Collection, 1957-1998"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alberto Bolet Collection, 1957-1998"],"collection_ssim":["Alberto Bolet Collection, 1957-1998"],"repository_ssm":["FIU Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Musicians","Music"],"geogname_ssim":["Musicians","Music"],"creator_ssm":["Bolet, Alberto"],"creator_ssim":["Bolet, Alberto"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Bolet, Alberto"],"creators_ssim":["Bolet, Alberto"],"places_ssim":["Musicians","Music"],"access_terms_ssm":["Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. 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In 1968 was selected as musical director of the Long Beach Symphony, California, a position he held for ten years. He also acted as Professor of Music at the California State College at Fullerton and Guest Lecturer at the Institute of Lifetime Learning, Long Beach, California. Until his death on November 10, 1999, he was active in the musical community and conducted orchestras not just in South America, but the United States, England, Spain and France as well.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Alberto Bolet is a legendary pianist and conductor born in Havana, Cuba, on September 10, 1905. In the 1920s, he learned to play the violin in Madrid before traveling to Paris to perform, as well as briefly in Budapest. Afterwards, he toured briefly as part of a musical trio across Europe and North Africa in the late 1920s and 1930s. In 1936 Bolet returned to Havana to found and organise CMZ, Cuba's first classical radio station. 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Until his death on November 10, 1999, he was active in the musical community and conducted orchestras not just in South America, but the United States, England, Spain and France as well."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains composed works of Cuban-American musical conductor and musician Alberto Bolet. Additionally, the archive includes an original typewriter belonging to him, posters from various performances, photographs of him as well as performances, and personal correspondences.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains composed works of Cuban-American musical conductor and musician Alberto Bolet. Additionally, the archive includes an original typewriter belonging to him, posters from various performances, photographs of him as well as performances, and personal correspondences."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRights: In copyright. 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Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. 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In 1968 was selected as musical director of the Long Beach Symphony, California, a position he held for ten years. He also acted as Professor of Music at the California State College at Fullerton and Guest Lecturer at the Institute of Lifetime Learning, Long Beach, California. Until his death on November 10, 1999, he was active in the musical community and conducted orchestras not just in South America, but the United States, England, Spain and France as well.","This collection contains composed works of Cuban-American musical conductor and musician Alberto Bolet. Additionally, the archive includes an original typewriter belonging to him, posters from various performances, photographs of him as well as performances, and personal correspondences.","Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general","FIU Special Collections","Bolet, Alberto","English Spanish; Castilian"],"unitid_tesim":["SPC5010","/repositories/2/resources/94"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1957-1998"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alberto Bolet Collection, 1957-1998"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alberto Bolet Collection, 1957-1998"],"collection_ssim":["Alberto Bolet Collection, 1957-1998"],"repository_ssm":["FIU Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Musicians","Music"],"geogname_ssim":["Musicians","Music"],"creator_ssm":["Bolet, Alberto"],"creator_ssim":["Bolet, Alberto"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Bolet, Alberto"],"creators_ssim":["Bolet, Alberto"],"places_ssim":["Musicians","Music"],"access_terms_ssm":["Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donation"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Composers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Composers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["8 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["8 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe arrangement of the folders in each box is in alphabetical order.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The arrangement of the folders in each box is in alphabetical order."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlberto Bolet is a legendary pianist and conductor born in Havana, Cuba, on September 10, 1905. 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In 1968 was selected as musical director of the Long Beach Symphony, California, a position he held for ten years. He also acted as Professor of Music at the California State College at Fullerton and Guest Lecturer at the Institute of Lifetime Learning, Long Beach, California. Until his death on November 10, 1999, he was active in the musical community and conducted orchestras not just in South America, but the United States, England, Spain and France as well.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Alberto Bolet is a legendary pianist and conductor born in Havana, Cuba, on September 10, 1905. In the 1920s, he learned to play the violin in Madrid before traveling to Paris to perform, as well as briefly in Budapest. Afterwards, he toured briefly as part of a musical trio across Europe and North Africa in the late 1920s and 1930s. In 1936 Bolet returned to Havana to found and organise CMZ, Cuba's first classical radio station. There, he acted as music director and conductor from 1937 to 1943, founding and running both the first radio symphony orchestra in Cuba. More than 300 concerts were broadcast on air in the first three years. He left Cuba in the late 1940s to coordinate orchestras across South America, such as the Ballet Espanol de Ana Maria. In 1951, he returned to Cuba and became music director of the Havana Philharmonic, a post he held until January 1959. Political conditions caused him to leave Cuba in February 1959, and he moved to Europe where he conducted a series of concerts in London and Germany, to later become director of the Bilbao Symphony, Spain. In 1968 was selected as musical director of the Long Beach Symphony, California, a position he held for ten years. He also acted as Professor of Music at the California State College at Fullerton and Guest Lecturer at the Institute of Lifetime Learning, Long Beach, California. Until his death on November 10, 1999, he was active in the musical community and conducted orchestras not just in South America, but the United States, England, Spain and France as well."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains composed works of Cuban-American musical conductor and musician Alberto Bolet. Additionally, the archive includes an original typewriter belonging to him, posters from various performances, photographs of him as well as performances, and personal correspondences.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains composed works of Cuban-American musical conductor and musician Alberto Bolet. Additionally, the archive includes an original typewriter belonging to him, posters from various performances, photographs of him as well as performances, and personal correspondences."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRights: In copyright. 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Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. 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The documents detail the treatment of refugees once on American soil and the condition in the countries they were escaping from; highlighting the contrasting experiences of Cuban and Haitian refugees. The collection demonstrates the work of Dr. Alex Stepick, Florida International University Professor of Anthropology and Sociology, in emphasizing the refugee situation on a local and national level. Materials also detail political lobbying on behalf of the Haitian refugees, and increasing awareness of their situation. The collection contains scholarly research, studies, and publications relating to the Cuban and Haitian refugees. The collection includes census-related materials, congressional records, economic reports, letters, newspaper articles, political materials, press releases, professional publications, research notes, surveys, etc.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/8805ef84fb1af022156339dc#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"8805ef84fb1af022156339dc","title_ssm":["Alex and Carol Stepick Collection"],"title_tesim":["Alex and Carol Stepick Collection"],"ead_ssi":"8805ef84fb1af022156339dc","unitdate_ssm":["1976-2003","1981-1998","Date acquired: 2012"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1981-1998"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1976-2003"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 2012"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SPC6015","/repositories/2/resources/38"],"text":["SPC6015","/repositories/2/resources/38","Alex and Carol Stepick Collection, 1976-2003, Date acquired: 2012, bulk 1981-1998","Miami-Dade County (Fla.)","Cuba--Relations--Florida","Cuba--Relations--United States","Cuba--Social conditions--20th century","Haiti--Social Conditions--20th century","Haiti--Relations--United States","Inmigration \u0026 society","Mariel Boatlift, 1980","Miami (Fla.)--History--20th century.","Miami(Fla.)--Social conditions.","Political atrocities--History--20th century.","Refugees--Florida--Miami","Refugees--Florida--Statistics.","Refugees--Goverment policy--United States--History--20th century.","Refugees--Legal status, laws, ect.--United States--Congress.","United States. House of Representatives","The collection is open for research use.","The collection is arranged into ten series: 1. Awards and Grants, 2. Miami, 3. National Immigration Politics and Awareness, 4. News Articles, 5. Notebooks, 6. Portes Publications, 7. Research-related Publications, 8. Stepick Publications, 9. University Publications and Studies, and 10. General. Each series is further divided in subseries, and are arranged either alphabetically or chronologically, depending on content. Each series will have a corresponding note on its arrangement.","Dr. Alex Stepick was Director of the Immigration and Ethnicity Institute and Professor of Anthropology \u0026 Sociology at Florida International University (FIU) in Miami, Florida. Dr. Stepick received his B.A. in Anthropology at the University of California at Santa Cruz, and his Ph.D. in Social Sciences at the University of California at Irvine.","Dr. Stepick first came to FIU in 1981 and witnessed the influx of Haitian and Cuban refugees in Miami in the 1980s. Dr. Stepick was active in researching and lobbying for Haitian refugee rights, and increasing awareness about their situation and living conditions. Dr. Stepick has since been conducting research on the impact of immigration in Miami for the past twenty years. His co-authored book focusing on Miami,  City on the Edge , has won the Robert Park Award for the best book in Urban Sociology and the Anthony Leeds Award for the best book in Urban Anthropology. Dr. Stepick was also granted the Margaret Mead Award by the American Anthropological Association and the Society for Applied Anthropology for his work with Haitian refugees.","Dr. Stepick continues to be a dominant figure in his field. He recently served on the National Academy of Sciences Committee on Immigrant Children and Health the Cultural Anthropology Panel of the National Science Foundation. Dr. Stepick has also testified before the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugee Affairs and his work has been used by the British House of Commons.","For more information, please visit  http://www2.fiu.edu/~stepick/vitae.htm .","Note written by ","There are no restrictions","There are no restrictions","The Alex and Carol Stepick Collection consists of materials depicting the plight of the Cuban and Haitian refugees in the 1980s in Miami, Florida. The documents detail the treatment of refugees once on American soil and the condition in the countries they were escaping from; highlighting the contrasting experiences of Cuban and Haitian refugees. The collection demonstrates the work of Dr. Alex Stepick, Florida International University Professor of Anthropology and Sociology, in emphasizing the refugee situation on a local and national level. Materials also detail political lobbying on behalf of the Haitian refugees, and increasing awareness of their situation. The collection contains scholarly research, studies, and publications relating to the Cuban and Haitian refugees. The collection includes census-related materials, congressional records, economic reports, letters, newspaper articles, political materials, press releases, professional publications, research notes, surveys, etc.","Copyright restrictions may apply. No part of the materials protected by copyright may be reproduced or utilized in any form, electronic or mechanical, without written permission from the copyright holder. Researchers are required to seek permission from the copyright holder to reproduce and/or publish materials, in accordance with United States copyright law.","FIU Special Collections","Stepick, Alex","Stepick, Alex, 1948-","Castro, Fidel, 1926","Duvalier, Francois, 1907-1971","Duvalier, Jean-Claude, 1951","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SPC6015","/repositories/2/resources/38"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1976-2003, Date acquired: 2012, bulk 1981-1998"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alex and Carol Stepick Collection, 1976-2003, Date acquired: 2012, bulk 1981-1998"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alex and Carol Stepick Collection, 1976-2003, Date acquired: 2012, bulk 1981-1998"],"collection_ssim":["Alex and Carol Stepick Collection, 1976-2003, Date acquired: 2012, bulk 1981-1998"],"repository_ssm":["FIU Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Miami-Dade County (Fla.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Miami-Dade County (Fla.)"],"creator_ssm":["Stepick, Alex"],"creator_ssim":["Stepick, Alex"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Stepick, Alex"],"creators_ssim":["Stepick, Alex"],"places_ssim":["Miami-Dade County (Fla.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright restrictions may apply. No part of the materials protected by copyright may be reproduced or utilized in any form, electronic or mechanical, without written permission from the copyright holder. Researchers are required to seek permission from the copyright holder to reproduce and/or publish materials, in accordance with United States copyright law."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Alex Stepick","Donation"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Cuba--Relations--Florida","Cuba--Relations--United States","Cuba--Social conditions--20th century","Haiti--Social Conditions--20th century","Haiti--Relations--United States","Inmigration \u0026 society","Mariel Boatlift, 1980","Miami (Fla.)--History--20th century.","Miami(Fla.)--Social conditions.","Political atrocities--History--20th century.","Refugees--Florida--Miami","Refugees--Florida--Statistics.","Refugees--Goverment policy--United States--History--20th century.","Refugees--Legal status, laws, ect.--United States--Congress.","United States. House of Representatives"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Cuba--Relations--Florida","Cuba--Relations--United States","Cuba--Social conditions--20th century","Haiti--Social Conditions--20th century","Haiti--Relations--United States","Inmigration \u0026 society","Mariel Boatlift, 1980","Miami (Fla.)--History--20th century.","Miami(Fla.)--Social conditions.","Political atrocities--History--20th century.","Refugees--Florida--Miami","Refugees--Florida--Statistics.","Refugees--Goverment policy--United States--History--20th century.","Refugees--Legal status, laws, ect.--United States--Congress.","United States. House of Representatives"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["14.00 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["14.00 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into ten series: 1. Awards and Grants, 2. Miami, 3. National Immigration Politics and Awareness, 4. News Articles, 5. Notebooks, 6. Portes Publications, 7. Research-related Publications, 8. Stepick Publications, 9. University Publications and Studies, and 10. General. Each series is further divided in subseries, and are arranged either alphabetically or chronologically, depending on content. Each series will have a corresponding note on its arrangement.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into ten series: 1. Awards and Grants, 2. Miami, 3. National Immigration Politics and Awareness, 4. News Articles, 5. Notebooks, 6. Portes Publications, 7. Research-related Publications, 8. Stepick Publications, 9. University Publications and Studies, and 10. General. Each series is further divided in subseries, and are arranged either alphabetically or chronologically, depending on content. Each series will have a corresponding note on its arrangement."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDr. Alex Stepick was Director of the Immigration and Ethnicity Institute and Professor of Anthropology \u0026amp; Sociology at Florida International University (FIU) in Miami, Florida. Dr. Stepick received his B.A. in Anthropology at the University of California at Santa Cruz, and his Ph.D. in Social Sciences at the University of California at Irvine.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDr. Stepick first came to FIU in 1981 and witnessed the influx of Haitian and Cuban refugees in Miami in the 1980s. Dr. Stepick was active in researching and lobbying for Haitian refugee rights, and increasing awareness about their situation and living conditions. Dr. Stepick has since been conducting research on the impact of immigration in Miami for the past twenty years. His co-authored book focusing on Miami, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCity on the Edge\u003c/emph\u003e, has won the Robert Park Award for the best book in Urban Sociology and the Anthony Leeds Award for the best book in Urban Anthropology. Dr. Stepick was also granted the Margaret Mead Award by the American Anthropological Association and the Society for Applied Anthropology for his work with Haitian refugees.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDr. Stepick continues to be a dominant figure in his field. He recently served on the National Academy of Sciences Committee on Immigrant Children and Health the Cultural Anthropology Panel of the National Science Foundation. Dr. Stepick has also testified before the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugee Affairs and his work has been used by the British House of Commons.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor more information, please visit \u003cextref href=\"http://www2.fiu.edu/%7Estepick/vitae.htm\"\u003ehttp://www2.fiu.edu/~stepick/vitae.htm\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote written by \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Dr. Alex Stepick was Director of the Immigration and Ethnicity Institute and Professor of Anthropology \u0026 Sociology at Florida International University (FIU) in Miami, Florida. Dr. Stepick received his B.A. in Anthropology at the University of California at Santa Cruz, and his Ph.D. in Social Sciences at the University of California at Irvine.","Dr. Stepick first came to FIU in 1981 and witnessed the influx of Haitian and Cuban refugees in Miami in the 1980s. Dr. Stepick was active in researching and lobbying for Haitian refugee rights, and increasing awareness about their situation and living conditions. Dr. Stepick has since been conducting research on the impact of immigration in Miami for the past twenty years. His co-authored book focusing on Miami,  City on the Edge , has won the Robert Park Award for the best book in Urban Sociology and the Anthony Leeds Award for the best book in Urban Anthropology. Dr. Stepick was also granted the Margaret Mead Award by the American Anthropological Association and the Society for Applied Anthropology for his work with Haitian refugees.","Dr. Stepick continues to be a dominant figure in his field. He recently served on the National Academy of Sciences Committee on Immigrant Children and Health the Cultural Anthropology Panel of the National Science Foundation. Dr. Stepick has also testified before the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugee Affairs and his work has been used by the British House of Commons.","For more information, please visit  http://www2.fiu.edu/~stepick/vitae.htm .","Note written by "],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions\u003c/p\u003e"],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Access Requirements","Technical Access Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["There are no restrictions","There are no restrictions"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Alex and Carol Stepick Collection consists of materials depicting the plight of the Cuban and Haitian refugees in the 1980s in Miami, Florida. The documents detail the treatment of refugees once on American soil and the condition in the countries they were escaping from; highlighting the contrasting experiences of Cuban and Haitian refugees. The collection demonstrates the work of Dr. Alex Stepick, Florida International University Professor of Anthropology and Sociology, in emphasizing the refugee situation on a local and national level. Materials also detail political lobbying on behalf of the Haitian refugees, and increasing awareness of their situation. The collection contains scholarly research, studies, and publications relating to the Cuban and Haitian refugees. The collection includes census-related materials, congressional records, economic reports, letters, newspaper articles, political materials, press releases, professional publications, research notes, surveys, etc.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Alex and Carol Stepick Collection consists of materials depicting the plight of the Cuban and Haitian refugees in the 1980s in Miami, Florida. The documents detail the treatment of refugees once on American soil and the condition in the countries they were escaping from; highlighting the contrasting experiences of Cuban and Haitian refugees. The collection demonstrates the work of Dr. Alex Stepick, Florida International University Professor of Anthropology and Sociology, in emphasizing the refugee situation on a local and national level. Materials also detail political lobbying on behalf of the Haitian refugees, and increasing awareness of their situation. The collection contains scholarly research, studies, and publications relating to the Cuban and Haitian refugees. The collection includes census-related materials, congressional records, economic reports, letters, newspaper articles, political materials, press releases, professional publications, research notes, surveys, etc."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright restrictions may apply. No part of the materials protected by copyright may be reproduced or utilized in any form, electronic or mechanical, without written permission from the copyright holder. Researchers are required to seek permission from the copyright holder to reproduce and/or publish materials, in accordance with United States copyright law.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright restrictions may apply. No part of the materials protected by copyright may be reproduced or utilized in any form, electronic or mechanical, without written permission from the copyright holder. Researchers are required to seek permission from the copyright holder to reproduce and/or publish materials, in accordance with United States copyright law."],"names_ssim":["FIU Special Collections","Stepick, Alex","Stepick, Alex, 1948-","Castro, Fidel, 1926","Duvalier, Francois, 1907-1971","Duvalier, Jean-Claude, 1951"],"corpname_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"names_coll_ssim":["Stepick, Alex, 1948-","Castro, Fidel, 1926","Duvalier, Francois, 1907-1971","Duvalier, Jean-Claude, 1951"],"persname_ssim":["Stepick, Alex","Stepick, Alex, 1948-","Castro, Fidel, 1926","Duvalier, Francois, 1907-1971","Duvalier, Jean-Claude, 1951"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":302,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"8805ef84fb1af022156339dc","timestamp":"2026-04-21T02:18:11.749Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"8805ef84fb1af022156339dc","title_ssm":["Alex and Carol Stepick Collection"],"title_tesim":["Alex and Carol Stepick Collection"],"ead_ssi":"8805ef84fb1af022156339dc","unitdate_ssm":["1976-2003","1981-1998","Date acquired: 2012"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1981-1998"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1976-2003"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 2012"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SPC6015","/repositories/2/resources/38"],"text":["SPC6015","/repositories/2/resources/38","Alex and Carol Stepick Collection, 1976-2003, Date acquired: 2012, bulk 1981-1998","Miami-Dade County (Fla.)","Cuba--Relations--Florida","Cuba--Relations--United States","Cuba--Social conditions--20th century","Haiti--Social Conditions--20th century","Haiti--Relations--United States","Inmigration \u0026 society","Mariel Boatlift, 1980","Miami (Fla.)--History--20th century.","Miami(Fla.)--Social conditions.","Political atrocities--History--20th century.","Refugees--Florida--Miami","Refugees--Florida--Statistics.","Refugees--Goverment policy--United States--History--20th century.","Refugees--Legal status, laws, ect.--United States--Congress.","United States. House of Representatives","The collection is open for research use.","The collection is arranged into ten series: 1. Awards and Grants, 2. Miami, 3. National Immigration Politics and Awareness, 4. News Articles, 5. Notebooks, 6. Portes Publications, 7. Research-related Publications, 8. Stepick Publications, 9. University Publications and Studies, and 10. General. Each series is further divided in subseries, and are arranged either alphabetically or chronologically, depending on content. Each series will have a corresponding note on its arrangement.","Dr. Alex Stepick was Director of the Immigration and Ethnicity Institute and Professor of Anthropology \u0026 Sociology at Florida International University (FIU) in Miami, Florida. Dr. Stepick received his B.A. in Anthropology at the University of California at Santa Cruz, and his Ph.D. in Social Sciences at the University of California at Irvine.","Dr. Stepick first came to FIU in 1981 and witnessed the influx of Haitian and Cuban refugees in Miami in the 1980s. Dr. Stepick was active in researching and lobbying for Haitian refugee rights, and increasing awareness about their situation and living conditions. Dr. Stepick has since been conducting research on the impact of immigration in Miami for the past twenty years. His co-authored book focusing on Miami,  City on the Edge , has won the Robert Park Award for the best book in Urban Sociology and the Anthony Leeds Award for the best book in Urban Anthropology. Dr. Stepick was also granted the Margaret Mead Award by the American Anthropological Association and the Society for Applied Anthropology for his work with Haitian refugees.","Dr. Stepick continues to be a dominant figure in his field. He recently served on the National Academy of Sciences Committee on Immigrant Children and Health the Cultural Anthropology Panel of the National Science Foundation. Dr. Stepick has also testified before the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugee Affairs and his work has been used by the British House of Commons.","For more information, please visit  http://www2.fiu.edu/~stepick/vitae.htm .","Note written by ","There are no restrictions","There are no restrictions","The Alex and Carol Stepick Collection consists of materials depicting the plight of the Cuban and Haitian refugees in the 1980s in Miami, Florida. The documents detail the treatment of refugees once on American soil and the condition in the countries they were escaping from; highlighting the contrasting experiences of Cuban and Haitian refugees. The collection demonstrates the work of Dr. Alex Stepick, Florida International University Professor of Anthropology and Sociology, in emphasizing the refugee situation on a local and national level. Materials also detail political lobbying on behalf of the Haitian refugees, and increasing awareness of their situation. The collection contains scholarly research, studies, and publications relating to the Cuban and Haitian refugees. The collection includes census-related materials, congressional records, economic reports, letters, newspaper articles, political materials, press releases, professional publications, research notes, surveys, etc.","Copyright restrictions may apply. No part of the materials protected by copyright may be reproduced or utilized in any form, electronic or mechanical, without written permission from the copyright holder. Researchers are required to seek permission from the copyright holder to reproduce and/or publish materials, in accordance with United States copyright law.","FIU Special Collections","Stepick, Alex","Stepick, Alex, 1948-","Castro, Fidel, 1926","Duvalier, Francois, 1907-1971","Duvalier, Jean-Claude, 1951","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SPC6015","/repositories/2/resources/38"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1976-2003, Date acquired: 2012, bulk 1981-1998"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alex and Carol Stepick Collection, 1976-2003, Date acquired: 2012, bulk 1981-1998"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alex and Carol Stepick Collection, 1976-2003, Date acquired: 2012, bulk 1981-1998"],"collection_ssim":["Alex and Carol Stepick Collection, 1976-2003, Date acquired: 2012, bulk 1981-1998"],"repository_ssm":["FIU Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Miami-Dade County (Fla.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Miami-Dade County (Fla.)"],"creator_ssm":["Stepick, Alex"],"creator_ssim":["Stepick, Alex"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Stepick, Alex"],"creators_ssim":["Stepick, Alex"],"places_ssim":["Miami-Dade County (Fla.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright restrictions may apply. No part of the materials protected by copyright may be reproduced or utilized in any form, electronic or mechanical, without written permission from the copyright holder. Researchers are required to seek permission from the copyright holder to reproduce and/or publish materials, in accordance with United States copyright law."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Alex Stepick","Donation"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Cuba--Relations--Florida","Cuba--Relations--United States","Cuba--Social conditions--20th century","Haiti--Social Conditions--20th century","Haiti--Relations--United States","Inmigration \u0026 society","Mariel Boatlift, 1980","Miami (Fla.)--History--20th century.","Miami(Fla.)--Social conditions.","Political atrocities--History--20th century.","Refugees--Florida--Miami","Refugees--Florida--Statistics.","Refugees--Goverment policy--United States--History--20th century.","Refugees--Legal status, laws, ect.--United States--Congress.","United States. 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House of Representatives"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["14.00 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["14.00 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into ten series: 1. Awards and Grants, 2. Miami, 3. National Immigration Politics and Awareness, 4. News Articles, 5. Notebooks, 6. Portes Publications, 7. Research-related Publications, 8. Stepick Publications, 9. University Publications and Studies, and 10. General. Each series is further divided in subseries, and are arranged either alphabetically or chronologically, depending on content. Each series will have a corresponding note on its arrangement.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into ten series: 1. Awards and Grants, 2. Miami, 3. National Immigration Politics and Awareness, 4. News Articles, 5. Notebooks, 6. Portes Publications, 7. Research-related Publications, 8. Stepick Publications, 9. University Publications and Studies, and 10. General. Each series is further divided in subseries, and are arranged either alphabetically or chronologically, depending on content. Each series will have a corresponding note on its arrangement."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDr. Alex Stepick was Director of the Immigration and Ethnicity Institute and Professor of Anthropology \u0026amp; Sociology at Florida International University (FIU) in Miami, Florida. Dr. Stepick received his B.A. in Anthropology at the University of California at Santa Cruz, and his Ph.D. in Social Sciences at the University of California at Irvine.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDr. Stepick first came to FIU in 1981 and witnessed the influx of Haitian and Cuban refugees in Miami in the 1980s. Dr. Stepick was active in researching and lobbying for Haitian refugee rights, and increasing awareness about their situation and living conditions. Dr. Stepick has since been conducting research on the impact of immigration in Miami for the past twenty years. His co-authored book focusing on Miami, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCity on the Edge\u003c/emph\u003e, has won the Robert Park Award for the best book in Urban Sociology and the Anthony Leeds Award for the best book in Urban Anthropology. 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Dr. Stepick has also testified before the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugee Affairs and his work has been used by the British House of Commons.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor more information, please visit \u003cextref href=\"http://www2.fiu.edu/%7Estepick/vitae.htm\"\u003ehttp://www2.fiu.edu/~stepick/vitae.htm\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote written by \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Dr. Alex Stepick was Director of the Immigration and Ethnicity Institute and Professor of Anthropology \u0026 Sociology at Florida International University (FIU) in Miami, Florida. Dr. Stepick received his B.A. in Anthropology at the University of California at Santa Cruz, and his Ph.D. in Social Sciences at the University of California at Irvine.","Dr. Stepick first came to FIU in 1981 and witnessed the influx of Haitian and Cuban refugees in Miami in the 1980s. Dr. Stepick was active in researching and lobbying for Haitian refugee rights, and increasing awareness about their situation and living conditions. Dr. Stepick has since been conducting research on the impact of immigration in Miami for the past twenty years. His co-authored book focusing on Miami,  City on the Edge , has won the Robert Park Award for the best book in Urban Sociology and the Anthony Leeds Award for the best book in Urban Anthropology. Dr. Stepick was also granted the Margaret Mead Award by the American Anthropological Association and the Society for Applied Anthropology for his work with Haitian refugees.","Dr. Stepick continues to be a dominant figure in his field. He recently served on the National Academy of Sciences Committee on Immigrant Children and Health the Cultural Anthropology Panel of the National Science Foundation. Dr. Stepick has also testified before the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugee Affairs and his work has been used by the British House of Commons.","For more information, please visit  http://www2.fiu.edu/~stepick/vitae.htm .","Note written by "],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions\u003c/p\u003e"],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Access Requirements","Technical Access Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["There are no restrictions","There are no restrictions"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Alex and Carol Stepick Collection consists of materials depicting the plight of the Cuban and Haitian refugees in the 1980s in Miami, Florida. The documents detail the treatment of refugees once on American soil and the condition in the countries they were escaping from; highlighting the contrasting experiences of Cuban and Haitian refugees. The collection demonstrates the work of Dr. Alex Stepick, Florida International University Professor of Anthropology and Sociology, in emphasizing the refugee situation on a local and national level. Materials also detail political lobbying on behalf of the Haitian refugees, and increasing awareness of their situation. The collection contains scholarly research, studies, and publications relating to the Cuban and Haitian refugees. The collection includes census-related materials, congressional records, economic reports, letters, newspaper articles, political materials, press releases, professional publications, research notes, surveys, etc.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Alex and Carol Stepick Collection consists of materials depicting the plight of the Cuban and Haitian refugees in the 1980s in Miami, Florida. 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No part of the materials protected by copyright may be reproduced or utilized in any form, electronic or mechanical, without written permission from the copyright holder. Researchers are required to seek permission from the copyright holder to reproduce and/or publish materials, in accordance with United States copyright law.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright restrictions may apply. No part of the materials protected by copyright may be reproduced or utilized in any form, electronic or mechanical, without written permission from the copyright holder. Researchers are required to seek permission from the copyright holder to reproduce and/or publish materials, in accordance with United States copyright law."],"names_ssim":["FIU Special Collections","Stepick, Alex","Stepick, Alex, 1948-","Castro, Fidel, 1926","Duvalier, Francois, 1907-1971","Duvalier, Jean-Claude, 1951"],"corpname_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"names_coll_ssim":["Stepick, Alex, 1948-","Castro, Fidel, 1926","Duvalier, Francois, 1907-1971","Duvalier, Jean-Claude, 1951"],"persname_ssim":["Stepick, Alex","Stepick, Alex, 1948-","Castro, Fidel, 1926","Duvalier, Francois, 1907-1971","Duvalier, Jean-Claude, 1951"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":302,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"8805ef84fb1af022156339dc","timestamp":"2026-04-21T02:18:11.749Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/8805ef84fb1af022156339dc"}},{"id":"ccef56a6de1c7dcabaff2c46","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Antolin Carbonell Collection, 1920-2024","creator":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/ccef56a6de1c7dcabaff2c46#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["Carbonell, Antolin"],"label":"Creator"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/ccef56a6de1c7dcabaff2c46#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"ccef56a6de1c7dcabaff2c46","title_ssm":["Antolin Carbonell Collection"],"title_tesim":["Antolin Carbonell Collection"],"ead_ssi":"ccef56a6de1c7dcabaff2c46","unitdate_ssm":["1920-2024"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1920-2024"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SPC4020","/repositories/2/resources/138"],"text":["SPC4020","/repositories/2/resources/138","Antolin Carbonell Collection, 1920-2024","The collection is open for research.","Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general","FIU Special Collections","Carbonell, Antolin","English Spanish; Castilian"],"unitid_tesim":["SPC4020","/repositories/2/resources/138"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1920-2024"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Antolin Carbonell Collection, 1920-2024"],"collection_title_tesim":["Antolin Carbonell Collection, 1920-2024"],"collection_ssim":["Antolin Carbonell Collection, 1920-2024"],"repository_ssm":["FIU Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"creator_ssm":["Carbonell, Antolin"],"creator_ssim":["Carbonell, Antolin"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Carbonell, Antolin"],"creators_ssim":["Carbonell, Antolin"],"access_terms_ssm":["Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["15 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["15 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections \u0026amp; University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"names_ssim":["FIU Special Collections","Carbonell, Antolin"],"corpname_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Carbonell, Antolin"],"language_ssim":["English Spanish; Castilian"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"ccef56a6de1c7dcabaff2c46","timestamp":"2026-05-13T02:01:13.915Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"ccef56a6de1c7dcabaff2c46","title_ssm":["Antolin Carbonell Collection"],"title_tesim":["Antolin Carbonell Collection"],"ead_ssi":"ccef56a6de1c7dcabaff2c46","unitdate_ssm":["1920-2024"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1920-2024"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SPC4020","/repositories/2/resources/138"],"text":["SPC4020","/repositories/2/resources/138","Antolin Carbonell Collection, 1920-2024","The collection is open for research.","Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general","FIU Special Collections","Carbonell, Antolin","English Spanish; Castilian"],"unitid_tesim":["SPC4020","/repositories/2/resources/138"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1920-2024"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Antolin Carbonell Collection, 1920-2024"],"collection_title_tesim":["Antolin Carbonell Collection, 1920-2024"],"collection_ssim":["Antolin Carbonell Collection, 1920-2024"],"repository_ssm":["FIU Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"creator_ssm":["Carbonell, Antolin"],"creator_ssim":["Carbonell, Antolin"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Carbonell, Antolin"],"creators_ssim":["Carbonell, Antolin"],"access_terms_ssm":["Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["15 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["15 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections \u0026amp; University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"names_ssim":["FIU Special Collections","Carbonell, Antolin"],"corpname_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Carbonell, Antolin"],"language_ssim":["English Spanish; Castilian"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"ccef56a6de1c7dcabaff2c46","timestamp":"2026-05-13T02:01:13.915Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/ccef56a6de1c7dcabaff2c46"}},{"id":"6c8b68b416b3f3ec053ccdfc","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Antonio Jorge Collection, 1968-2015","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/6c8b68b416b3f3ec053ccdfc#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["The Antonio Jorge Collection documents the extensive academic career, professional achievements, personal records, publications, and community contributions of Dr. Antonio Jorge, a prominent Cuban economist, scholar, and leader, highlighting his work in education, public service, and his significant contributions to Cuban and Cuban-American issues."],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/6c8b68b416b3f3ec053ccdfc#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"6c8b68b416b3f3ec053ccdfc","title_ssm":["Antonio Jorge Collection"],"title_tesim":["Antonio Jorge Collection"],"ead_ssi":"6c8b68b416b3f3ec053ccdfc","unitdate_ssm":["1968-2015"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1968-2015"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Other level","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SPC9045","/repositories/2/resources/133"],"text":["SPC9045","/repositories/2/resources/133","Antonio Jorge Collection, 1968-2015","Cuba","Authors, Cuban--20th century","Cuba -- Economic conditions","Florida International University","Autores, Cubano -- Siglo 20","Concertación Cívica Cubana","Cuba -- Condiciones económicas","The collection is open for research.","Antonio Jorge was born in Havana, Cuba, on September 28, 1931, and completed his schooling at the Colegio de Belén in Marianao. After graduating with honors from the University of Santo Tomás de Villanueva in 1952 with a Bachelor of Arts in Economics, he pursued advanced studies, earning his Master's degree and a Doctorate in Economic Sciences in 1956, becoming the first graduate of a doctoral program in economics in Cuba. During this time, he began his teaching career at the university, eventually becoming a Professor in both the Economics Department at the University of Villanueva and the University of Havana's Institute of Higher Economics. Additionally, he held prominent roles in the private and public sectors, including Director of the Department of Economics at the National Association of Industrialists of Cuba and the Ministry of Finance.","In 1962, Jorge was forced to leave Cuba due to political upheaval and settled in the United States. He quickly resumed his academic career, first as an Assistant Professor at Merrimac College in Massachusetts, where he became a full professor by 1972. He later moved to Miami, where he continued his academic work at Biscayne College and Miami Dade Community College. In 1974, he joined the University of Miami, where he taught economics and coordinated Spanish-language programs, while also leading the university's \"Continuing Education\" programs for Cuban professionals. He furthered his impact in academia by becoming a key administrator at various institutions, including serving as Provost at Biscayne College and Executive Vice President at Florida International University (FIU).","Jorge has been a prolific writer and consultant, publishing over twenty books and hundreds of articles on topics such as economic theory, Latin American development, foreign investment, and Cuban economics. His expertise has been sought after by both public and private organizations, and he is currently the Dean of the College of Economists of Cuba, a position he held prior to leaving Cuba. Beyond academia, Jorge has been actively involved in community affairs, especially related to the Cuban-American population in Miami, serving in various government and civic roles, including the first Director of the State Commission for Hispanic Affairs in Florida. His dedication to the cause of Cuban liberation and his extensive work in educating the Cuban exile community continues to make him a key figure in both academic and civic circles.","\nAntonio Jorge nació en La Habana, Cuba, el 28 de septiembre de 1931, y completó sus estudios en el Colegio de Belén en Marianao. Después de graduarse con honores de la Universidad de Santo Tomás de Villanueva en 1952 con una \"Bachelor of Arts\" en Economía, continuó sus estudios avanzados, obteniendo su Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Económicas en 1956, convirtiéndose en el primer graduado de un programa doctoral en economía en Cuba. Durante este tiempo, comenzó su carrera docente en la universidad, llegando a ser Profesor en el Departamento de Economía de la Universidad de Villanueva y en el Instituto Superior de Economía de la Universidad de La Habana. Además, ocupó roles destacados en los sectores privado y público, incluyendo Director del Departamento de Economía de la Asociación Nacional de Industriales de Cuba y del Ministerio de Hacienda.","En 1962, Jorge se vio obligado a abandonar Cuba debido a los cambios políticos y se estableció en los Estados Unidos. Rápidamente reanudó su carrera académica, primero como Profesor Asistente en el Merrimac College de Massachusetts, donde llegó a ser profesor titular en 1972. Más tarde se trasladó a Miami, donde continuó su labor docente en el Biscayne College y en el Miami Dade Community College. En 1974, se incorporó a la Universidad de Miami, donde enseñó economía y coordinó los programas en español, además de dirigir los programas de \"Educación Continua\" para profesionales cubanos. Amplió su influencia en el ámbito académico convirtiéndose en un importante administrador en varias instituciones, como Provost en Biscayne College y Vicepresidente Ejecutivo en la Universidad Internacional de la Florida (FIU).","Jorge ha sido un escritor prolífico y consultor, publicando más de veinte libros y cientos de artículos sobre temas como teoría económica, desarrollo de América Latina, inversión extranjera y economía cubana. Su experiencia ha sido solicitada tanto por organizaciones públicas como privadas, y actualmente es Decano del Colegio de Economistas de Cuba, cargo que ocupó antes de salir de Cuba. Más allá de la academia, Jorge ha estado activamente involucrado en los asuntos comunitarios, especialmente en los relacionados con la población cubanoamericana en Miami, desempeñando diversos roles gubernamentales y cívicos, entre ellos, el de primer Director de la Comisión Estatal para los Asuntos Hispanos en Florida. Su dedicación a la causa de la liberación de Cuba y su extenso trabajo en la educación de la comunidad cubana en el exilio lo han convertido en una figura clave tanto en el ámbito académico como en el cívico.","The Antonio Jorge Collection offers documentation of the long-life academic career of Dr. Antonio Jorge, a known Cuban economist, scholar, and leader of the Cuban-American communities. This collection encompasses his academic journey, professional achievements, personal documents, correspondences, publications and significant contributions towards people of his community. This not only display's his educational background but his role as a professor and educator. This collection covers his involvement with his academic career in various colleges and universities like Merrimac College, Biscayne College, University of Miami, and Florida International University. Not only does this collection document his dedication and involvement in public service and community advocacy, especially his work towards Cubans and Cuban-Americans. His leadership in Miami displays his role on activism and becoming the first Director of the State Commission for Hispanic Affairs in Florida, his work and contributions towards founding \"Concertacion Civica Cubana\" in 1995. Being a member of the State Post-Secondary Education Commission, Community Relations Board, Mental Health Boards of Dade and Broward counties, Long-Term Economic Planning Committee, and United Way Board of Trustees, all in Dade County. Furthermore, this collection highlights his scholarly input on numerous books and articles that concern with Latin American development and Cuban politics and economics. Featuring his works as consultant for national and international organizations, his civic and governmental duties. This provides insight into Antonio Jorge's dedication towards academia, the Cuban community, and all political and economic issues that Cuba faces. ","La Colección Antonio Jorge ofrece documentación sobre la larga carrera académica del Dr. Antonio Jorge, un reconocido economista cubano, académico y líder de las comunidades cubano-estadounidenses. Esta colección abarca su trayectoria académica, logros profesionales, documentos personales, correspondencia, publicaciones y contribuciones significativas hacia su comunidad. No solo muestra su formación educativa, sino también su papel como profesor y educador. Esta colección cubre su participación en su carrera académica en diversas universidades y colegios como el Merrimac College, Biscayne College, la Universidad de Miami y la Universidad Internacional de la Florida. Esta colección también documenta su dedicación e involucramiento en el servicio público y la defensa comunitaria, especialmente su trabajo hacia los cubanos y cubano-estadounidenses. Su liderazgo en Miami refleja su rol en el activismo y su papel como el primer director de la Comisión Estatal para los Asuntos Hispanoamericanos de Florida, así como sus contribuciones hacia la fundación de la \"Concertación Cívica Cubana\" en 1995. Fue miembro de la Comision de Educacion pos-secundaria del estado, de la Junta de Relaciones Comunitarias, de las Junta de Salud Mental de los condados de Dade y Broward, del Comité de Planificación Económica a largo plazo y de la \"United Way Board of Trustees\", todas en el condado de Dade. Además, esta colección resalta su aporte académico en numerosos libros y artículos que abordan el desarrollo de América Latina y la política y economía cubanas. Incluye también sus trabajos como consultor para organizaciones nacionales e internacionales y sus deberes cívicos y gubernamentales. Esto proporciona una visión del compromiso de Antonio Jorge con la academia, la comunidad cubana y todos los problemas políticos y económicos que enfrenta Cuba.","Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections and University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about\nthe copyright holder of materials found in our collections.","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general","The Antonio Jorge Collection documents the extensive academic career, professional achievements, personal records, publications, and community contributions of Dr. Antonio Jorge, a prominent Cuban economist, scholar, and leader, highlighting his work in education, public service, and his significant contributions to Cuban and Cuban-American issues.","FIU Special Collections","English Spanish; Castilian"],"unitid_tesim":["SPC9045","/repositories/2/resources/133"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1968-2015"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Antonio Jorge Collection, 1968-2015"],"collection_title_tesim":["Antonio Jorge Collection, 1968-2015"],"collection_ssim":["Antonio Jorge Collection, 1968-2015"],"repository_ssm":["FIU Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Cuba"],"geogname_ssim":["Cuba"],"places_ssim":["Cuba"],"access_terms_ssm":["Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections and University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about\nthe copyright holder of materials found in our collections.","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Authors, Cuban--20th century","Cuba -- Economic conditions","Florida International University","Autores, Cubano -- Siglo 20","Concertación Cívica Cubana","Cuba -- Condiciones económicas"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Authors, Cuban--20th century","Cuba -- Economic conditions","Florida International University","Autores, Cubano -- Siglo 20","Concertación Cívica Cubana","Cuba -- Condiciones económicas"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["10 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["10 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAntonio Jorge was born in Havana, Cuba, on September 28, 1931, and completed his schooling at the Colegio de Bel\u0026#xE9;n in Marianao. After graduating with honors from the University of Santo Tom\u0026#xE1;s de Villanueva in 1952 with a Bachelor of Arts in Economics, he pursued advanced studies, earning his Master's degree and a Doctorate in Economic Sciences in 1956, becoming the first graduate of a doctoral program in economics in Cuba. During this time, he began his teaching career at the university, eventually becoming a Professor in both the Economics Department at the University of Villanueva and the University of Havana's Institute of Higher Economics. Additionally, he held prominent roles in the private and public sectors, including Director of the Department of Economics at the National Association of Industrialists of Cuba and the Ministry of Finance.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1962, Jorge was forced to leave Cuba due to political upheaval and settled in the United States. He quickly resumed his academic career, first as an Assistant Professor at Merrimac College in Massachusetts, where he became a full professor by 1972. He later moved to Miami, where he continued his academic work at Biscayne College and Miami Dade Community College. In 1974, he joined the University of Miami, where he taught economics and coordinated Spanish-language programs, while also leading the university's \"Continuing Education\" programs for Cuban professionals. He furthered his impact in academia by becoming a key administrator at various institutions, including serving as Provost at Biscayne College and Executive Vice President at Florida International University (FIU).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJorge has been a prolific writer and consultant, publishing over twenty books and hundreds of articles on topics such as economic theory, Latin American development, foreign investment, and Cuban economics. His expertise has been sought after by both public and private organizations, and he is currently the Dean of the College of Economists of Cuba, a position he held prior to leaving Cuba. Beyond academia, Jorge has been actively involved in community affairs, especially related to the Cuban-American population in Miami, serving in various government and civic roles, including the first Director of the State Commission for Hispanic Affairs in Florida. His dedication to the cause of Cuban liberation and his extensive work in educating the Cuban exile community continues to make him a key figure in both academic and civic circles.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nAntonio Jorge naci\u0026#xF3; en La Habana, Cuba, el 28 de septiembre de 1931, y complet\u0026#xF3; sus estudios en el Colegio de Bel\u0026#xE9;n en Marianao. Despu\u0026#xE9;s de graduarse con honores de la Universidad de Santo Tom\u0026#xE1;s de Villanueva en 1952 con una \"Bachelor of Arts\" en Econom\u0026#xED;a, continu\u0026#xF3; sus estudios avanzados, obteniendo su Maestr\u0026#xED;a y Doctorado en Ciencias Econ\u0026#xF3;micas en 1956, convirti\u0026#xE9;ndose en el primer graduado de un programa doctoral en econom\u0026#xED;a en Cuba. Durante este tiempo, comenz\u0026#xF3; su carrera docente en la universidad, llegando a ser Profesor en el Departamento de Econom\u0026#xED;a de la Universidad de Villanueva y en el Instituto Superior de Econom\u0026#xED;a de la Universidad de La Habana. Adem\u0026#xE1;s, ocup\u0026#xF3; roles destacados en los sectores privado y p\u0026#xFA;blico, incluyendo Director del Departamento de Econom\u0026#xED;a de la Asociaci\u0026#xF3;n Nacional de Industriales de Cuba y del Ministerio de Hacienda.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEn 1962, Jorge se vio obligado a abandonar Cuba debido a los cambios pol\u0026#xED;ticos y se estableci\u0026#xF3; en los Estados Unidos. R\u0026#xE1;pidamente reanud\u0026#xF3; su carrera acad\u0026#xE9;mica, primero como Profesor Asistente en el Merrimac College de Massachusetts, donde lleg\u0026#xF3; a ser profesor titular en 1972. M\u0026#xE1;s tarde se traslad\u0026#xF3; a Miami, donde continu\u0026#xF3; su labor docente en el Biscayne College y en el Miami Dade Community College. En 1974, se incorpor\u0026#xF3; a la Universidad de Miami, donde ense\u0026#xF1;\u0026#xF3; econom\u0026#xED;a y coordin\u0026#xF3; los programas en espa\u0026#xF1;ol, adem\u0026#xE1;s de dirigir los programas de \"Educaci\u0026#xF3;n Continua\" para profesionales cubanos. Ampli\u0026#xF3; su influencia en el \u0026#xE1;mbito acad\u0026#xE9;mico convirti\u0026#xE9;ndose en un importante administrador en varias instituciones, como Provost en Biscayne College y Vicepresidente Ejecutivo en la Universidad Internacional de la Florida (FIU).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJorge ha sido un escritor prol\u0026#xED;fico y consultor, publicando m\u0026#xE1;s de veinte libros y cientos de art\u0026#xED;culos sobre temas como teor\u0026#xED;a econ\u0026#xF3;mica, desarrollo de Am\u0026#xE9;rica Latina, inversi\u0026#xF3;n extranjera y econom\u0026#xED;a cubana. Su experiencia ha sido solicitada tanto por organizaciones p\u0026#xFA;blicas como privadas, y actualmente es Decano del Colegio de Economistas de Cuba, cargo que ocup\u0026#xF3; antes de salir de Cuba. M\u0026#xE1;s all\u0026#xE1; de la academia, Jorge ha estado activamente involucrado en los asuntos comunitarios, especialmente en los relacionados con la poblaci\u0026#xF3;n cubanoamericana en Miami, desempe\u0026#xF1;ando diversos roles gubernamentales y c\u0026#xED;vicos, entre ellos, el de primer Director de la Comisi\u0026#xF3;n Estatal para los Asuntos Hispanos en Florida. Su dedicaci\u0026#xF3;n a la causa de la liberaci\u0026#xF3;n de Cuba y su extenso trabajo en la educaci\u0026#xF3;n de la comunidad cubana en el exilio lo han convertido en una figura clave tanto en el \u0026#xE1;mbito acad\u0026#xE9;mico como en el c\u0026#xED;vico.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Antonio Jorge was born in Havana, Cuba, on September 28, 1931, and completed his schooling at the Colegio de Belén in Marianao. After graduating with honors from the University of Santo Tomás de Villanueva in 1952 with a Bachelor of Arts in Economics, he pursued advanced studies, earning his Master's degree and a Doctorate in Economic Sciences in 1956, becoming the first graduate of a doctoral program in economics in Cuba. During this time, he began his teaching career at the university, eventually becoming a Professor in both the Economics Department at the University of Villanueva and the University of Havana's Institute of Higher Economics. Additionally, he held prominent roles in the private and public sectors, including Director of the Department of Economics at the National Association of Industrialists of Cuba and the Ministry of Finance.","In 1962, Jorge was forced to leave Cuba due to political upheaval and settled in the United States. He quickly resumed his academic career, first as an Assistant Professor at Merrimac College in Massachusetts, where he became a full professor by 1972. He later moved to Miami, where he continued his academic work at Biscayne College and Miami Dade Community College. In 1974, he joined the University of Miami, where he taught economics and coordinated Spanish-language programs, while also leading the university's \"Continuing Education\" programs for Cuban professionals. He furthered his impact in academia by becoming a key administrator at various institutions, including serving as Provost at Biscayne College and Executive Vice President at Florida International University (FIU).","Jorge has been a prolific writer and consultant, publishing over twenty books and hundreds of articles on topics such as economic theory, Latin American development, foreign investment, and Cuban economics. His expertise has been sought after by both public and private organizations, and he is currently the Dean of the College of Economists of Cuba, a position he held prior to leaving Cuba. Beyond academia, Jorge has been actively involved in community affairs, especially related to the Cuban-American population in Miami, serving in various government and civic roles, including the first Director of the State Commission for Hispanic Affairs in Florida. His dedication to the cause of Cuban liberation and his extensive work in educating the Cuban exile community continues to make him a key figure in both academic and civic circles.","\nAntonio Jorge nació en La Habana, Cuba, el 28 de septiembre de 1931, y completó sus estudios en el Colegio de Belén en Marianao. Después de graduarse con honores de la Universidad de Santo Tomás de Villanueva en 1952 con una \"Bachelor of Arts\" en Economía, continuó sus estudios avanzados, obteniendo su Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Económicas en 1956, convirtiéndose en el primer graduado de un programa doctoral en economía en Cuba. Durante este tiempo, comenzó su carrera docente en la universidad, llegando a ser Profesor en el Departamento de Economía de la Universidad de Villanueva y en el Instituto Superior de Economía de la Universidad de La Habana. Además, ocupó roles destacados en los sectores privado y público, incluyendo Director del Departamento de Economía de la Asociación Nacional de Industriales de Cuba y del Ministerio de Hacienda.","En 1962, Jorge se vio obligado a abandonar Cuba debido a los cambios políticos y se estableció en los Estados Unidos. Rápidamente reanudó su carrera académica, primero como Profesor Asistente en el Merrimac College de Massachusetts, donde llegó a ser profesor titular en 1972. Más tarde se trasladó a Miami, donde continuó su labor docente en el Biscayne College y en el Miami Dade Community College. En 1974, se incorporó a la Universidad de Miami, donde enseñó economía y coordinó los programas en español, además de dirigir los programas de \"Educación Continua\" para profesionales cubanos. Amplió su influencia en el ámbito académico convirtiéndose en un importante administrador en varias instituciones, como Provost en Biscayne College y Vicepresidente Ejecutivo en la Universidad Internacional de la Florida (FIU).","Jorge ha sido un escritor prolífico y consultor, publicando más de veinte libros y cientos de artículos sobre temas como teoría económica, desarrollo de América Latina, inversión extranjera y economía cubana. Su experiencia ha sido solicitada tanto por organizaciones públicas como privadas, y actualmente es Decano del Colegio de Economistas de Cuba, cargo que ocupó antes de salir de Cuba. Más allá de la academia, Jorge ha estado activamente involucrado en los asuntos comunitarios, especialmente en los relacionados con la población cubanoamericana en Miami, desempeñando diversos roles gubernamentales y cívicos, entre ellos, el de primer Director de la Comisión Estatal para los Asuntos Hispanos en Florida. Su dedicación a la causa de la liberación de Cuba y su extenso trabajo en la educación de la comunidad cubana en el exilio lo han convertido en una figura clave tanto en el ámbito académico como en el cívico."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Antonio Jorge Collection offers documentation of the long-life academic career of Dr. Antonio Jorge, a known Cuban economist, scholar, and leader of the Cuban-American communities. This collection encompasses his academic journey, professional achievements, personal documents, correspondences, publications and significant contributions towards people of his community. This not only display's his educational background but his role as a professor and educator. This collection covers his involvement with his academic career in various colleges and universities like Merrimac College, Biscayne College, University of Miami, and Florida International University. Not only does this collection document his dedication and involvement in public service and community advocacy, especially his work towards Cubans and Cuban-Americans. His leadership in Miami displays his role on activism and becoming the first Director of the State Commission for Hispanic Affairs in Florida, his work and contributions towards founding \"Concertacion Civica Cubana\" in 1995. Being a member of the State Post-Secondary Education Commission, Community Relations Board, Mental Health Boards of Dade and Broward counties, Long-Term Economic Planning Committee, and United Way Board of Trustees, all in Dade County. Furthermore, this collection highlights his scholarly input on numerous books and articles that concern with Latin American development and Cuban politics and economics. Featuring his works as consultant for national and international organizations, his civic and governmental duties. This provides insight into Antonio Jorge's dedication towards academia, the Cuban community, and all political and economic issues that Cuba faces. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLa Colecci\u0026#xF3;n Antonio Jorge ofrece documentaci\u0026#xF3;n sobre la larga carrera acad\u0026#xE9;mica del Dr. Antonio Jorge, un reconocido economista cubano, acad\u0026#xE9;mico y l\u0026#xED;der de las comunidades cubano-estadounidenses. Esta colecci\u0026#xF3;n abarca su trayectoria acad\u0026#xE9;mica, logros profesionales, documentos personales, correspondencia, publicaciones y contribuciones significativas hacia su comunidad. No solo muestra su formaci\u0026#xF3;n educativa, sino tambi\u0026#xE9;n su papel como profesor y educador. Esta colecci\u0026#xF3;n cubre su participaci\u0026#xF3;n en su carrera acad\u0026#xE9;mica en diversas universidades y colegios como el Merrimac College, Biscayne College, la Universidad de Miami y la Universidad Internacional de la Florida. Esta colecci\u0026#xF3;n tambi\u0026#xE9;n documenta su dedicaci\u0026#xF3;n e involucramiento en el servicio p\u0026#xFA;blico y la defensa comunitaria, especialmente su trabajo hacia los cubanos y cubano-estadounidenses. Su liderazgo en Miami refleja su rol en el activismo y su papel como el primer director de la Comisi\u0026#xF3;n Estatal para los Asuntos Hispanoamericanos de Florida, as\u0026#xED; como sus contribuciones hacia la fundaci\u0026#xF3;n de la \"Concertaci\u0026#xF3;n C\u0026#xED;vica Cubana\" en 1995. Fue miembro de la Comision de Educacion pos-secundaria del estado, de la Junta de Relaciones Comunitarias, de las Junta de Salud Mental de los condados de Dade y Broward, del Comit\u0026#xE9; de Planificaci\u0026#xF3;n Econ\u0026#xF3;mica a largo plazo y de la \"United Way Board of Trustees\", todas en el condado de Dade. Adem\u0026#xE1;s, esta colecci\u0026#xF3;n resalta su aporte acad\u0026#xE9;mico en numerosos libros y art\u0026#xED;culos que abordan el desarrollo de Am\u0026#xE9;rica Latina y la pol\u0026#xED;tica y econom\u0026#xED;a cubanas. Incluye tambi\u0026#xE9;n sus trabajos como consultor para organizaciones nacionales e internacionales y sus deberes c\u0026#xED;vicos y gubernamentales. Esto proporciona una visi\u0026#xF3;n del compromiso de Antonio Jorge con la academia, la comunidad cubana y todos los problemas pol\u0026#xED;ticos y econ\u0026#xF3;micos que enfrenta Cuba.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Antonio Jorge Collection offers documentation of the long-life academic career of Dr. Antonio Jorge, a known Cuban economist, scholar, and leader of the Cuban-American communities. This collection encompasses his academic journey, professional achievements, personal documents, correspondences, publications and significant contributions towards people of his community. This not only display's his educational background but his role as a professor and educator. This collection covers his involvement with his academic career in various colleges and universities like Merrimac College, Biscayne College, University of Miami, and Florida International University. Not only does this collection document his dedication and involvement in public service and community advocacy, especially his work towards Cubans and Cuban-Americans. His leadership in Miami displays his role on activism and becoming the first Director of the State Commission for Hispanic Affairs in Florida, his work and contributions towards founding \"Concertacion Civica Cubana\" in 1995. Being a member of the State Post-Secondary Education Commission, Community Relations Board, Mental Health Boards of Dade and Broward counties, Long-Term Economic Planning Committee, and United Way Board of Trustees, all in Dade County. Furthermore, this collection highlights his scholarly input on numerous books and articles that concern with Latin American development and Cuban politics and economics. Featuring his works as consultant for national and international organizations, his civic and governmental duties. This provides insight into Antonio Jorge's dedication towards academia, the Cuban community, and all political and economic issues that Cuba faces. ","La Colección Antonio Jorge ofrece documentación sobre la larga carrera académica del Dr. Antonio Jorge, un reconocido economista cubano, académico y líder de las comunidades cubano-estadounidenses. Esta colección abarca su trayectoria académica, logros profesionales, documentos personales, correspondencia, publicaciones y contribuciones significativas hacia su comunidad. No solo muestra su formación educativa, sino también su papel como profesor y educador. Esta colección cubre su participación en su carrera académica en diversas universidades y colegios como el Merrimac College, Biscayne College, la Universidad de Miami y la Universidad Internacional de la Florida. Esta colección también documenta su dedicación e involucramiento en el servicio público y la defensa comunitaria, especialmente su trabajo hacia los cubanos y cubano-estadounidenses. Su liderazgo en Miami refleja su rol en el activismo y su papel como el primer director de la Comisión Estatal para los Asuntos Hispanoamericanos de Florida, así como sus contribuciones hacia la fundación de la \"Concertación Cívica Cubana\" en 1995. Fue miembro de la Comision de Educacion pos-secundaria del estado, de la Junta de Relaciones Comunitarias, de las Junta de Salud Mental de los condados de Dade y Broward, del Comité de Planificación Económica a largo plazo y de la \"United Way Board of Trustees\", todas en el condado de Dade. Además, esta colección resalta su aporte académico en numerosos libros y artículos que abordan el desarrollo de América Latina y la política y economía cubanas. Incluye también sus trabajos como consultor para organizaciones nacionales e internacionales y sus deberes cívicos y gubernamentales. Esto proporciona una visión del compromiso de Antonio Jorge con la academia, la comunidad cubana y todos los problemas políticos y económicos que enfrenta Cuba."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections and University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about\nthe copyright holder of materials found in our collections.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections and University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about\nthe copyright holder of materials found in our collections.","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_adf636b7bc31c753a49cf01d9f55d41c\"\u003eThe Antonio Jorge Collection documents the extensive academic career, professional achievements, personal records, publications, and community contributions of Dr. Antonio Jorge, a prominent Cuban economist, scholar, and leader, highlighting his work in education, public service, and his significant contributions to Cuban and Cuban-American issues.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Antonio Jorge Collection documents the extensive academic career, professional achievements, personal records, publications, and community contributions of Dr. Antonio Jorge, a prominent Cuban economist, scholar, and leader, highlighting his work in education, public service, and his significant contributions to Cuban and Cuban-American issues."],"names_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"corpname_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"language_ssim":["English Spanish; Castilian"],"total_component_count_is":111,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"6c8b68b416b3f3ec053ccdfc","timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:01:04.955Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"6c8b68b416b3f3ec053ccdfc","title_ssm":["Antonio Jorge Collection"],"title_tesim":["Antonio Jorge Collection"],"ead_ssi":"6c8b68b416b3f3ec053ccdfc","unitdate_ssm":["1968-2015"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1968-2015"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Other level","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SPC9045","/repositories/2/resources/133"],"text":["SPC9045","/repositories/2/resources/133","Antonio Jorge Collection, 1968-2015","Cuba","Authors, Cuban--20th century","Cuba -- Economic conditions","Florida International University","Autores, Cubano -- Siglo 20","Concertación Cívica Cubana","Cuba -- Condiciones económicas","The collection is open for research.","Antonio Jorge was born in Havana, Cuba, on September 28, 1931, and completed his schooling at the Colegio de Belén in Marianao. After graduating with honors from the University of Santo Tomás de Villanueva in 1952 with a Bachelor of Arts in Economics, he pursued advanced studies, earning his Master's degree and a Doctorate in Economic Sciences in 1956, becoming the first graduate of a doctoral program in economics in Cuba. During this time, he began his teaching career at the university, eventually becoming a Professor in both the Economics Department at the University of Villanueva and the University of Havana's Institute of Higher Economics. Additionally, he held prominent roles in the private and public sectors, including Director of the Department of Economics at the National Association of Industrialists of Cuba and the Ministry of Finance.","In 1962, Jorge was forced to leave Cuba due to political upheaval and settled in the United States. He quickly resumed his academic career, first as an Assistant Professor at Merrimac College in Massachusetts, where he became a full professor by 1972. He later moved to Miami, where he continued his academic work at Biscayne College and Miami Dade Community College. In 1974, he joined the University of Miami, where he taught economics and coordinated Spanish-language programs, while also leading the university's \"Continuing Education\" programs for Cuban professionals. He furthered his impact in academia by becoming a key administrator at various institutions, including serving as Provost at Biscayne College and Executive Vice President at Florida International University (FIU).","Jorge has been a prolific writer and consultant, publishing over twenty books and hundreds of articles on topics such as economic theory, Latin American development, foreign investment, and Cuban economics. His expertise has been sought after by both public and private organizations, and he is currently the Dean of the College of Economists of Cuba, a position he held prior to leaving Cuba. Beyond academia, Jorge has been actively involved in community affairs, especially related to the Cuban-American population in Miami, serving in various government and civic roles, including the first Director of the State Commission for Hispanic Affairs in Florida. His dedication to the cause of Cuban liberation and his extensive work in educating the Cuban exile community continues to make him a key figure in both academic and civic circles.","\nAntonio Jorge nació en La Habana, Cuba, el 28 de septiembre de 1931, y completó sus estudios en el Colegio de Belén en Marianao. Después de graduarse con honores de la Universidad de Santo Tomás de Villanueva en 1952 con una \"Bachelor of Arts\" en Economía, continuó sus estudios avanzados, obteniendo su Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Económicas en 1956, convirtiéndose en el primer graduado de un programa doctoral en economía en Cuba. Durante este tiempo, comenzó su carrera docente en la universidad, llegando a ser Profesor en el Departamento de Economía de la Universidad de Villanueva y en el Instituto Superior de Economía de la Universidad de La Habana. Además, ocupó roles destacados en los sectores privado y público, incluyendo Director del Departamento de Economía de la Asociación Nacional de Industriales de Cuba y del Ministerio de Hacienda.","En 1962, Jorge se vio obligado a abandonar Cuba debido a los cambios políticos y se estableció en los Estados Unidos. Rápidamente reanudó su carrera académica, primero como Profesor Asistente en el Merrimac College de Massachusetts, donde llegó a ser profesor titular en 1972. Más tarde se trasladó a Miami, donde continuó su labor docente en el Biscayne College y en el Miami Dade Community College. En 1974, se incorporó a la Universidad de Miami, donde enseñó economía y coordinó los programas en español, además de dirigir los programas de \"Educación Continua\" para profesionales cubanos. Amplió su influencia en el ámbito académico convirtiéndose en un importante administrador en varias instituciones, como Provost en Biscayne College y Vicepresidente Ejecutivo en la Universidad Internacional de la Florida (FIU).","Jorge ha sido un escritor prolífico y consultor, publicando más de veinte libros y cientos de artículos sobre temas como teoría económica, desarrollo de América Latina, inversión extranjera y economía cubana. Su experiencia ha sido solicitada tanto por organizaciones públicas como privadas, y actualmente es Decano del Colegio de Economistas de Cuba, cargo que ocupó antes de salir de Cuba. Más allá de la academia, Jorge ha estado activamente involucrado en los asuntos comunitarios, especialmente en los relacionados con la población cubanoamericana en Miami, desempeñando diversos roles gubernamentales y cívicos, entre ellos, el de primer Director de la Comisión Estatal para los Asuntos Hispanos en Florida. Su dedicación a la causa de la liberación de Cuba y su extenso trabajo en la educación de la comunidad cubana en el exilio lo han convertido en una figura clave tanto en el ámbito académico como en el cívico.","The Antonio Jorge Collection offers documentation of the long-life academic career of Dr. Antonio Jorge, a known Cuban economist, scholar, and leader of the Cuban-American communities. This collection encompasses his academic journey, professional achievements, personal documents, correspondences, publications and significant contributions towards people of his community. This not only display's his educational background but his role as a professor and educator. This collection covers his involvement with his academic career in various colleges and universities like Merrimac College, Biscayne College, University of Miami, and Florida International University. Not only does this collection document his dedication and involvement in public service and community advocacy, especially his work towards Cubans and Cuban-Americans. His leadership in Miami displays his role on activism and becoming the first Director of the State Commission for Hispanic Affairs in Florida, his work and contributions towards founding \"Concertacion Civica Cubana\" in 1995. Being a member of the State Post-Secondary Education Commission, Community Relations Board, Mental Health Boards of Dade and Broward counties, Long-Term Economic Planning Committee, and United Way Board of Trustees, all in Dade County. Furthermore, this collection highlights his scholarly input on numerous books and articles that concern with Latin American development and Cuban politics and economics. Featuring his works as consultant for national and international organizations, his civic and governmental duties. This provides insight into Antonio Jorge's dedication towards academia, the Cuban community, and all political and economic issues that Cuba faces. ","La Colección Antonio Jorge ofrece documentación sobre la larga carrera académica del Dr. Antonio Jorge, un reconocido economista cubano, académico y líder de las comunidades cubano-estadounidenses. Esta colección abarca su trayectoria académica, logros profesionales, documentos personales, correspondencia, publicaciones y contribuciones significativas hacia su comunidad. No solo muestra su formación educativa, sino también su papel como profesor y educador. Esta colección cubre su participación en su carrera académica en diversas universidades y colegios como el Merrimac College, Biscayne College, la Universidad de Miami y la Universidad Internacional de la Florida. Esta colección también documenta su dedicación e involucramiento en el servicio público y la defensa comunitaria, especialmente su trabajo hacia los cubanos y cubano-estadounidenses. Su liderazgo en Miami refleja su rol en el activismo y su papel como el primer director de la Comisión Estatal para los Asuntos Hispanoamericanos de Florida, así como sus contribuciones hacia la fundación de la \"Concertación Cívica Cubana\" en 1995. Fue miembro de la Comision de Educacion pos-secundaria del estado, de la Junta de Relaciones Comunitarias, de las Junta de Salud Mental de los condados de Dade y Broward, del Comité de Planificación Económica a largo plazo y de la \"United Way Board of Trustees\", todas en el condado de Dade. Además, esta colección resalta su aporte académico en numerosos libros y artículos que abordan el desarrollo de América Latina y la política y economía cubanas. Incluye también sus trabajos como consultor para organizaciones nacionales e internacionales y sus deberes cívicos y gubernamentales. Esto proporciona una visión del compromiso de Antonio Jorge con la academia, la comunidad cubana y todos los problemas políticos y económicos que enfrenta Cuba.","Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections and University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about\nthe copyright holder of materials found in our collections.","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general","The Antonio Jorge Collection documents the extensive academic career, professional achievements, personal records, publications, and community contributions of Dr. Antonio Jorge, a prominent Cuban economist, scholar, and leader, highlighting his work in education, public service, and his significant contributions to Cuban and Cuban-American issues.","FIU Special Collections","English Spanish; Castilian"],"unitid_tesim":["SPC9045","/repositories/2/resources/133"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1968-2015"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Antonio Jorge Collection, 1968-2015"],"collection_title_tesim":["Antonio Jorge Collection, 1968-2015"],"collection_ssim":["Antonio Jorge Collection, 1968-2015"],"repository_ssm":["FIU Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Cuba"],"geogname_ssim":["Cuba"],"places_ssim":["Cuba"],"access_terms_ssm":["Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections and University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about\nthe copyright holder of materials found in our collections.","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Authors, Cuban--20th century","Cuba -- Economic conditions","Florida International University","Autores, Cubano -- Siglo 20","Concertación Cívica Cubana","Cuba -- Condiciones económicas"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Authors, Cuban--20th century","Cuba -- Economic conditions","Florida International University","Autores, Cubano -- Siglo 20","Concertación Cívica Cubana","Cuba -- Condiciones económicas"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["10 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["10 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAntonio Jorge was born in Havana, Cuba, on September 28, 1931, and completed his schooling at the Colegio de Bel\u0026#xE9;n in Marianao. After graduating with honors from the University of Santo Tom\u0026#xE1;s de Villanueva in 1952 with a Bachelor of Arts in Economics, he pursued advanced studies, earning his Master's degree and a Doctorate in Economic Sciences in 1956, becoming the first graduate of a doctoral program in economics in Cuba. During this time, he began his teaching career at the university, eventually becoming a Professor in both the Economics Department at the University of Villanueva and the University of Havana's Institute of Higher Economics. Additionally, he held prominent roles in the private and public sectors, including Director of the Department of Economics at the National Association of Industrialists of Cuba and the Ministry of Finance.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1962, Jorge was forced to leave Cuba due to political upheaval and settled in the United States. He quickly resumed his academic career, first as an Assistant Professor at Merrimac College in Massachusetts, where he became a full professor by 1972. He later moved to Miami, where he continued his academic work at Biscayne College and Miami Dade Community College. In 1974, he joined the University of Miami, where he taught economics and coordinated Spanish-language programs, while also leading the university's \"Continuing Education\" programs for Cuban professionals. He furthered his impact in academia by becoming a key administrator at various institutions, including serving as Provost at Biscayne College and Executive Vice President at Florida International University (FIU).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJorge has been a prolific writer and consultant, publishing over twenty books and hundreds of articles on topics such as economic theory, Latin American development, foreign investment, and Cuban economics. His expertise has been sought after by both public and private organizations, and he is currently the Dean of the College of Economists of Cuba, a position he held prior to leaving Cuba. Beyond academia, Jorge has been actively involved in community affairs, especially related to the Cuban-American population in Miami, serving in various government and civic roles, including the first Director of the State Commission for Hispanic Affairs in Florida. His dedication to the cause of Cuban liberation and his extensive work in educating the Cuban exile community continues to make him a key figure in both academic and civic circles.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nAntonio Jorge naci\u0026#xF3; en La Habana, Cuba, el 28 de septiembre de 1931, y complet\u0026#xF3; sus estudios en el Colegio de Bel\u0026#xE9;n en Marianao. Despu\u0026#xE9;s de graduarse con honores de la Universidad de Santo Tom\u0026#xE1;s de Villanueva en 1952 con una \"Bachelor of Arts\" en Econom\u0026#xED;a, continu\u0026#xF3; sus estudios avanzados, obteniendo su Maestr\u0026#xED;a y Doctorado en Ciencias Econ\u0026#xF3;micas en 1956, convirti\u0026#xE9;ndose en el primer graduado de un programa doctoral en econom\u0026#xED;a en Cuba. Durante este tiempo, comenz\u0026#xF3; su carrera docente en la universidad, llegando a ser Profesor en el Departamento de Econom\u0026#xED;a de la Universidad de Villanueva y en el Instituto Superior de Econom\u0026#xED;a de la Universidad de La Habana. Adem\u0026#xE1;s, ocup\u0026#xF3; roles destacados en los sectores privado y p\u0026#xFA;blico, incluyendo Director del Departamento de Econom\u0026#xED;a de la Asociaci\u0026#xF3;n Nacional de Industriales de Cuba y del Ministerio de Hacienda.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEn 1962, Jorge se vio obligado a abandonar Cuba debido a los cambios pol\u0026#xED;ticos y se estableci\u0026#xF3; en los Estados Unidos. R\u0026#xE1;pidamente reanud\u0026#xF3; su carrera acad\u0026#xE9;mica, primero como Profesor Asistente en el Merrimac College de Massachusetts, donde lleg\u0026#xF3; a ser profesor titular en 1972. M\u0026#xE1;s tarde se traslad\u0026#xF3; a Miami, donde continu\u0026#xF3; su labor docente en el Biscayne College y en el Miami Dade Community College. En 1974, se incorpor\u0026#xF3; a la Universidad de Miami, donde ense\u0026#xF1;\u0026#xF3; econom\u0026#xED;a y coordin\u0026#xF3; los programas en espa\u0026#xF1;ol, adem\u0026#xE1;s de dirigir los programas de \"Educaci\u0026#xF3;n Continua\" para profesionales cubanos. Ampli\u0026#xF3; su influencia en el \u0026#xE1;mbito acad\u0026#xE9;mico convirti\u0026#xE9;ndose en un importante administrador en varias instituciones, como Provost en Biscayne College y Vicepresidente Ejecutivo en la Universidad Internacional de la Florida (FIU).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJorge ha sido un escritor prol\u0026#xED;fico y consultor, publicando m\u0026#xE1;s de veinte libros y cientos de art\u0026#xED;culos sobre temas como teor\u0026#xED;a econ\u0026#xF3;mica, desarrollo de Am\u0026#xE9;rica Latina, inversi\u0026#xF3;n extranjera y econom\u0026#xED;a cubana. Su experiencia ha sido solicitada tanto por organizaciones p\u0026#xFA;blicas como privadas, y actualmente es Decano del Colegio de Economistas de Cuba, cargo que ocup\u0026#xF3; antes de salir de Cuba. M\u0026#xE1;s all\u0026#xE1; de la academia, Jorge ha estado activamente involucrado en los asuntos comunitarios, especialmente en los relacionados con la poblaci\u0026#xF3;n cubanoamericana en Miami, desempe\u0026#xF1;ando diversos roles gubernamentales y c\u0026#xED;vicos, entre ellos, el de primer Director de la Comisi\u0026#xF3;n Estatal para los Asuntos Hispanos en Florida. Su dedicaci\u0026#xF3;n a la causa de la liberaci\u0026#xF3;n de Cuba y su extenso trabajo en la educaci\u0026#xF3;n de la comunidad cubana en el exilio lo han convertido en una figura clave tanto en el \u0026#xE1;mbito acad\u0026#xE9;mico como en el c\u0026#xED;vico.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Antonio Jorge was born in Havana, Cuba, on September 28, 1931, and completed his schooling at the Colegio de Belén in Marianao. After graduating with honors from the University of Santo Tomás de Villanueva in 1952 with a Bachelor of Arts in Economics, he pursued advanced studies, earning his Master's degree and a Doctorate in Economic Sciences in 1956, becoming the first graduate of a doctoral program in economics in Cuba. During this time, he began his teaching career at the university, eventually becoming a Professor in both the Economics Department at the University of Villanueva and the University of Havana's Institute of Higher Economics. Additionally, he held prominent roles in the private and public sectors, including Director of the Department of Economics at the National Association of Industrialists of Cuba and the Ministry of Finance.","In 1962, Jorge was forced to leave Cuba due to political upheaval and settled in the United States. He quickly resumed his academic career, first as an Assistant Professor at Merrimac College in Massachusetts, where he became a full professor by 1972. He later moved to Miami, where he continued his academic work at Biscayne College and Miami Dade Community College. In 1974, he joined the University of Miami, where he taught economics and coordinated Spanish-language programs, while also leading the university's \"Continuing Education\" programs for Cuban professionals. He furthered his impact in academia by becoming a key administrator at various institutions, including serving as Provost at Biscayne College and Executive Vice President at Florida International University (FIU).","Jorge has been a prolific writer and consultant, publishing over twenty books and hundreds of articles on topics such as economic theory, Latin American development, foreign investment, and Cuban economics. His expertise has been sought after by both public and private organizations, and he is currently the Dean of the College of Economists of Cuba, a position he held prior to leaving Cuba. Beyond academia, Jorge has been actively involved in community affairs, especially related to the Cuban-American population in Miami, serving in various government and civic roles, including the first Director of the State Commission for Hispanic Affairs in Florida. His dedication to the cause of Cuban liberation and his extensive work in educating the Cuban exile community continues to make him a key figure in both academic and civic circles.","\nAntonio Jorge nació en La Habana, Cuba, el 28 de septiembre de 1931, y completó sus estudios en el Colegio de Belén en Marianao. Después de graduarse con honores de la Universidad de Santo Tomás de Villanueva en 1952 con una \"Bachelor of Arts\" en Economía, continuó sus estudios avanzados, obteniendo su Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Económicas en 1956, convirtiéndose en el primer graduado de un programa doctoral en economía en Cuba. Durante este tiempo, comenzó su carrera docente en la universidad, llegando a ser Profesor en el Departamento de Economía de la Universidad de Villanueva y en el Instituto Superior de Economía de la Universidad de La Habana. Además, ocupó roles destacados en los sectores privado y público, incluyendo Director del Departamento de Economía de la Asociación Nacional de Industriales de Cuba y del Ministerio de Hacienda.","En 1962, Jorge se vio obligado a abandonar Cuba debido a los cambios políticos y se estableció en los Estados Unidos. Rápidamente reanudó su carrera académica, primero como Profesor Asistente en el Merrimac College de Massachusetts, donde llegó a ser profesor titular en 1972. Más tarde se trasladó a Miami, donde continuó su labor docente en el Biscayne College y en el Miami Dade Community College. En 1974, se incorporó a la Universidad de Miami, donde enseñó economía y coordinó los programas en español, además de dirigir los programas de \"Educación Continua\" para profesionales cubanos. Amplió su influencia en el ámbito académico convirtiéndose en un importante administrador en varias instituciones, como Provost en Biscayne College y Vicepresidente Ejecutivo en la Universidad Internacional de la Florida (FIU).","Jorge ha sido un escritor prolífico y consultor, publicando más de veinte libros y cientos de artículos sobre temas como teoría económica, desarrollo de América Latina, inversión extranjera y economía cubana. Su experiencia ha sido solicitada tanto por organizaciones públicas como privadas, y actualmente es Decano del Colegio de Economistas de Cuba, cargo que ocupó antes de salir de Cuba. Más allá de la academia, Jorge ha estado activamente involucrado en los asuntos comunitarios, especialmente en los relacionados con la población cubanoamericana en Miami, desempeñando diversos roles gubernamentales y cívicos, entre ellos, el de primer Director de la Comisión Estatal para los Asuntos Hispanos en Florida. Su dedicación a la causa de la liberación de Cuba y su extenso trabajo en la educación de la comunidad cubana en el exilio lo han convertido en una figura clave tanto en el ámbito académico como en el cívico."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Antonio Jorge Collection offers documentation of the long-life academic career of Dr. Antonio Jorge, a known Cuban economist, scholar, and leader of the Cuban-American communities. This collection encompasses his academic journey, professional achievements, personal documents, correspondences, publications and significant contributions towards people of his community. This not only display's his educational background but his role as a professor and educator. This collection covers his involvement with his academic career in various colleges and universities like Merrimac College, Biscayne College, University of Miami, and Florida International University. Not only does this collection document his dedication and involvement in public service and community advocacy, especially his work towards Cubans and Cuban-Americans. His leadership in Miami displays his role on activism and becoming the first Director of the State Commission for Hispanic Affairs in Florida, his work and contributions towards founding \"Concertacion Civica Cubana\" in 1995. Being a member of the State Post-Secondary Education Commission, Community Relations Board, Mental Health Boards of Dade and Broward counties, Long-Term Economic Planning Committee, and United Way Board of Trustees, all in Dade County. Furthermore, this collection highlights his scholarly input on numerous books and articles that concern with Latin American development and Cuban politics and economics. Featuring his works as consultant for national and international organizations, his civic and governmental duties. This provides insight into Antonio Jorge's dedication towards academia, the Cuban community, and all political and economic issues that Cuba faces. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLa Colecci\u0026#xF3;n Antonio Jorge ofrece documentaci\u0026#xF3;n sobre la larga carrera acad\u0026#xE9;mica del Dr. Antonio Jorge, un reconocido economista cubano, acad\u0026#xE9;mico y l\u0026#xED;der de las comunidades cubano-estadounidenses. Esta colecci\u0026#xF3;n abarca su trayectoria acad\u0026#xE9;mica, logros profesionales, documentos personales, correspondencia, publicaciones y contribuciones significativas hacia su comunidad. No solo muestra su formaci\u0026#xF3;n educativa, sino tambi\u0026#xE9;n su papel como profesor y educador. Esta colecci\u0026#xF3;n cubre su participaci\u0026#xF3;n en su carrera acad\u0026#xE9;mica en diversas universidades y colegios como el Merrimac College, Biscayne College, la Universidad de Miami y la Universidad Internacional de la Florida. Esta colecci\u0026#xF3;n tambi\u0026#xE9;n documenta su dedicaci\u0026#xF3;n e involucramiento en el servicio p\u0026#xFA;blico y la defensa comunitaria, especialmente su trabajo hacia los cubanos y cubano-estadounidenses. Su liderazgo en Miami refleja su rol en el activismo y su papel como el primer director de la Comisi\u0026#xF3;n Estatal para los Asuntos Hispanoamericanos de Florida, as\u0026#xED; como sus contribuciones hacia la fundaci\u0026#xF3;n de la \"Concertaci\u0026#xF3;n C\u0026#xED;vica Cubana\" en 1995. Fue miembro de la Comision de Educacion pos-secundaria del estado, de la Junta de Relaciones Comunitarias, de las Junta de Salud Mental de los condados de Dade y Broward, del Comit\u0026#xE9; de Planificaci\u0026#xF3;n Econ\u0026#xF3;mica a largo plazo y de la \"United Way Board of Trustees\", todas en el condado de Dade. Adem\u0026#xE1;s, esta colecci\u0026#xF3;n resalta su aporte acad\u0026#xE9;mico en numerosos libros y art\u0026#xED;culos que abordan el desarrollo de Am\u0026#xE9;rica Latina y la pol\u0026#xED;tica y econom\u0026#xED;a cubanas. Incluye tambi\u0026#xE9;n sus trabajos como consultor para organizaciones nacionales e internacionales y sus deberes c\u0026#xED;vicos y gubernamentales. Esto proporciona una visi\u0026#xF3;n del compromiso de Antonio Jorge con la academia, la comunidad cubana y todos los problemas pol\u0026#xED;ticos y econ\u0026#xF3;micos que enfrenta Cuba.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Antonio Jorge Collection offers documentation of the long-life academic career of Dr. Antonio Jorge, a known Cuban economist, scholar, and leader of the Cuban-American communities. This collection encompasses his academic journey, professional achievements, personal documents, correspondences, publications and significant contributions towards people of his community. This not only display's his educational background but his role as a professor and educator. This collection covers his involvement with his academic career in various colleges and universities like Merrimac College, Biscayne College, University of Miami, and Florida International University. Not only does this collection document his dedication and involvement in public service and community advocacy, especially his work towards Cubans and Cuban-Americans. His leadership in Miami displays his role on activism and becoming the first Director of the State Commission for Hispanic Affairs in Florida, his work and contributions towards founding \"Concertacion Civica Cubana\" in 1995. Being a member of the State Post-Secondary Education Commission, Community Relations Board, Mental Health Boards of Dade and Broward counties, Long-Term Economic Planning Committee, and United Way Board of Trustees, all in Dade County. Furthermore, this collection highlights his scholarly input on numerous books and articles that concern with Latin American development and Cuban politics and economics. Featuring his works as consultant for national and international organizations, his civic and governmental duties. This provides insight into Antonio Jorge's dedication towards academia, the Cuban community, and all political and economic issues that Cuba faces. ","La Colección Antonio Jorge ofrece documentación sobre la larga carrera académica del Dr. Antonio Jorge, un reconocido economista cubano, académico y líder de las comunidades cubano-estadounidenses. Esta colección abarca su trayectoria académica, logros profesionales, documentos personales, correspondencia, publicaciones y contribuciones significativas hacia su comunidad. No solo muestra su formación educativa, sino también su papel como profesor y educador. Esta colección cubre su participación en su carrera académica en diversas universidades y colegios como el Merrimac College, Biscayne College, la Universidad de Miami y la Universidad Internacional de la Florida. Esta colección también documenta su dedicación e involucramiento en el servicio público y la defensa comunitaria, especialmente su trabajo hacia los cubanos y cubano-estadounidenses. Su liderazgo en Miami refleja su rol en el activismo y su papel como el primer director de la Comisión Estatal para los Asuntos Hispanoamericanos de Florida, así como sus contribuciones hacia la fundación de la \"Concertación Cívica Cubana\" en 1995. Fue miembro de la Comision de Educacion pos-secundaria del estado, de la Junta de Relaciones Comunitarias, de las Junta de Salud Mental de los condados de Dade y Broward, del Comité de Planificación Económica a largo plazo y de la \"United Way Board of Trustees\", todas en el condado de Dade. Además, esta colección resalta su aporte académico en numerosos libros y artículos que abordan el desarrollo de América Latina y la política y economía cubanas. Incluye también sus trabajos como consultor para organizaciones nacionales e internacionales y sus deberes cívicos y gubernamentales. Esto proporciona una visión del compromiso de Antonio Jorge con la academia, la comunidad cubana y todos los problemas políticos y económicos que enfrenta Cuba."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections and University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about\nthe copyright holder of materials found in our collections.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections and University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about\nthe copyright holder of materials found in our collections.","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_adf636b7bc31c753a49cf01d9f55d41c\"\u003eThe Antonio Jorge Collection documents the extensive academic career, professional achievements, personal records, publications, and community contributions of Dr. Antonio Jorge, a prominent Cuban economist, scholar, and leader, highlighting his work in education, public service, and his significant contributions to Cuban and Cuban-American issues.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Antonio Jorge Collection documents the extensive academic career, professional achievements, personal records, publications, and community contributions of Dr. Antonio Jorge, a prominent Cuban economist, scholar, and leader, highlighting his work in education, public service, and his significant contributions to Cuban and Cuban-American issues."],"names_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"corpname_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"language_ssim":["English Spanish; Castilian"],"total_component_count_is":111,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"6c8b68b416b3f3ec053ccdfc","timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:01:04.955Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/6c8b68b416b3f3ec053ccdfc"}},{"id":"1bf21bc2ad4a5a80099c1ec4","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Austin Joseph Thomas Papers, bulk 1940-1988","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/1bf21bc2ad4a5a80099c1ec4#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this collection primarily reflect AJ Thomas's work as a scientist. Articles written by or of interest to him are included, as well as professional correspondence, reports, and photographs. Additionally, there are files of personal correspondence, writing, articles, and photographs. \u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/1bf21bc2ad4a5a80099c1ec4#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"1bf21bc2ad4a5a80099c1ec4","title_ssm":["Austin Joseph Thomas Papers"],"title_tesim":["Austin Joseph Thomas Papers"],"ead_ssi":"1bf21bc2ad4a5a80099c1ec4","unitdate_ssm":["1940-1988"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1940-1988"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SPC9035","/repositories/2/resources/124"],"text":["SPC9035","/repositories/2/resources/124","Austin Joseph Thomas Papers, bulk 1940-1988","Jamaica","Fish as Food","Fish culture","Fish kills - Jamaica","Fish ponds - Jamaica","Fisheries","Fishery sciences","Fishing","Jamaica - Politics and government to 1962","Jamaica - Politics and government 1962-","Fish culturists","This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact Special Collections \u0026 University Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials.","The materials in this collection are arranged alphabetically and by date","\"The Father of Jamaican Fish\" Austin Joseph \"AJ\" Thomas (1908-1988) was a self-taught marine scientist who led the development of fresh water fish farming in Jamaica. Born in Westmoreland in 1908, AJ Thomas was responsible for the technique of cultivating fish known as mono-sex culture. As Fisheries Offices in the Fisheries Division of the Ministry of Agriculture in the 1950s, Thomas experiemented with Adrican or Nile Perch or Tilapia. Recognizing that fish grew significantly when separated by sex, he termed his discovery mono-sex culture. Under his lead, the Fisheries Division built stocking ponds and distributed fingerlings to (cattle) ponds throughout Jamica for growing fish aimed at providing much needed animal protein. Mono-sex culture was heralded by the scientific community transforming the fishing industry worldwide. In the 1960s, AJ joined the Food and Agriculture Division of the United Nations and served for several years as Fisheries Advisor in West Africa. ","In 1949 he caught a fish on the North Coast (Jamaica) that was determined to be of a new species as yet unknown to science. It was named Gobiosoma thomasi after him. ","A lifelong environmentalist, published poet and author, Thomas was poshumously awareded the National Medal for Science and Technology (2003) for his work in the Fishing Industry. (Sources: Jamaica Portraits, 1955-1998 and The Jamaica Gleaner: Pieces of the Past: Famous Jamaican Scientists - Dreamers Among Us)","The materials in this collection primarily reflect AJ Thomas's work as a scientist. Articles written by or of interest to him are included, as well as professional correspondence, reports, and photographs. Additionally, there are files of personal correspondence, writing, articles, and photographs. ","In addition to the occupational articles, of special notice is a series of weekly short stories published in the Jamaica Daily News entitled \"The Villager.\" ","The bulk of the materials in this collection are from the 1940s through the 1980s. Earlier documents, such as Erica Thomas's school certificates from 1917-1920 are present, as well as later material related to AJ's biography and legacy. ","The Austin Joseph Thomas Papers are owned by Florida International University.  This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general","FIU Special Collections","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SPC9035","/repositories/2/resources/124"],"normalized_date_ssm":["bulk 1940-1988"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Austin Joseph Thomas Papers, bulk 1940-1988"],"collection_title_tesim":["Austin Joseph Thomas Papers, bulk 1940-1988"],"collection_ssim":["Austin Joseph Thomas Papers, bulk 1940-1988"],"repository_ssm":["FIU Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Jamaica"],"geogname_ssim":["Jamaica"],"places_ssim":["Jamaica"],"access_terms_ssm":["The Austin Joseph Thomas Papers are owned by Florida International University.  This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Materials were donated by Mr. Thomas's family"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Fish as Food","Fish culture","Fish kills - Jamaica","Fish ponds - Jamaica","Fisheries","Fishery sciences","Fishing","Jamaica - Politics and government to 1962","Jamaica - Politics and government 1962-","Fish culturists"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Fish as Food","Fish culture","Fish kills - Jamaica","Fish ponds - Jamaica","Fisheries","Fishery sciences","Fishing","Jamaica - Politics and government to 1962","Jamaica - Politics and government 1962-","Fish culturists"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4.54 Linear Feet 5 Banker Boxes\n1 Legal Size Document Case"],"extent_tesim":["4.54 Linear Feet 5 Banker Boxes\n1 Legal Size Document Case"],"date_range_isim":[1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research. Researchers must contact Special Collections \u0026amp; University Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact Special Collections \u0026 University Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this collection are arranged alphabetically and by date\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The materials in this collection are arranged alphabetically and by date"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"The Father of Jamaican Fish\" Austin Joseph \"AJ\" Thomas (1908-1988) was a self-taught marine scientist who led the development of fresh water fish farming in Jamaica. Born in Westmoreland in 1908, AJ Thomas was responsible for the technique of cultivating fish known as mono-sex culture. As Fisheries Offices in the Fisheries Division of the Ministry of Agriculture in the 1950s, Thomas experiemented with Adrican or Nile Perch or Tilapia. Recognizing that fish grew significantly when separated by sex, he termed his discovery mono-sex culture. Under his lead, the Fisheries Division built stocking ponds and distributed fingerlings to (cattle) ponds throughout Jamica for growing fish aimed at providing much needed animal protein. Mono-sex culture was heralded by the scientific community transforming the fishing industry worldwide. In the 1960s, AJ joined the Food and Agriculture Division of the United Nations and served for several years as Fisheries Advisor in West Africa. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1949 he caught a fish on the North Coast (Jamaica) that was determined to be of a new species as yet unknown to science. It was named Gobiosoma thomasi after him. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA lifelong environmentalist, published poet and author, Thomas was poshumously awareded the National Medal for Science and Technology (2003) for his work in the Fishing Industry. (Sources: Jamaica Portraits, 1955-1998 and The Jamaica Gleaner: Pieces of the Past: Famous Jamaican Scientists - Dreamers Among Us)\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["\"The Father of Jamaican Fish\" Austin Joseph \"AJ\" Thomas (1908-1988) was a self-taught marine scientist who led the development of fresh water fish farming in Jamaica. Born in Westmoreland in 1908, AJ Thomas was responsible for the technique of cultivating fish known as mono-sex culture. As Fisheries Offices in the Fisheries Division of the Ministry of Agriculture in the 1950s, Thomas experiemented with Adrican or Nile Perch or Tilapia. Recognizing that fish grew significantly when separated by sex, he termed his discovery mono-sex culture. Under his lead, the Fisheries Division built stocking ponds and distributed fingerlings to (cattle) ponds throughout Jamica for growing fish aimed at providing much needed animal protein. Mono-sex culture was heralded by the scientific community transforming the fishing industry worldwide. In the 1960s, AJ joined the Food and Agriculture Division of the United Nations and served for several years as Fisheries Advisor in West Africa. ","In 1949 he caught a fish on the North Coast (Jamaica) that was determined to be of a new species as yet unknown to science. It was named Gobiosoma thomasi after him. ","A lifelong environmentalist, published poet and author, Thomas was poshumously awareded the National Medal for Science and Technology (2003) for his work in the Fishing Industry. (Sources: Jamaica Portraits, 1955-1998 and The Jamaica Gleaner: Pieces of the Past: Famous Jamaican Scientists - Dreamers Among Us)"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this collection primarily reflect AJ Thomas's work as a scientist. Articles written by or of interest to him are included, as well as professional correspondence, reports, and photographs. Additionally, there are files of personal correspondence, writing, articles, and photographs. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to the occupational articles, of special notice is a series of weekly short stories published in the Jamaica Daily News entitled \"The Villager.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the materials in this collection are from the 1940s through the 1980s. Earlier documents, such as Erica Thomas's school certificates from 1917-1920 are present, as well as later material related to AJ's biography and legacy. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The materials in this collection primarily reflect AJ Thomas's work as a scientist. Articles written by or of interest to him are included, as well as professional correspondence, reports, and photographs. Additionally, there are files of personal correspondence, writing, articles, and photographs. ","In addition to the occupational articles, of special notice is a series of weekly short stories published in the Jamaica Daily News entitled \"The Villager.\" ","The bulk of the materials in this collection are from the 1940s through the 1980s. Earlier documents, such as Erica Thomas's school certificates from 1917-1920 are present, as well as later material related to AJ's biography and legacy. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Austin Joseph Thomas Papers are owned by Florida International University.  This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Austin Joseph Thomas Papers are owned by Florida International University.  This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"names_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"corpname_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":120,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"1bf21bc2ad4a5a80099c1ec4","timestamp":"2026-05-22T02:01:06.060Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"1bf21bc2ad4a5a80099c1ec4","title_ssm":["Austin Joseph Thomas Papers"],"title_tesim":["Austin Joseph Thomas Papers"],"ead_ssi":"1bf21bc2ad4a5a80099c1ec4","unitdate_ssm":["1940-1988"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1940-1988"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SPC9035","/repositories/2/resources/124"],"text":["SPC9035","/repositories/2/resources/124","Austin Joseph Thomas Papers, bulk 1940-1988","Jamaica","Fish as Food","Fish culture","Fish kills - Jamaica","Fish ponds - Jamaica","Fisheries","Fishery sciences","Fishing","Jamaica - Politics and government to 1962","Jamaica - Politics and government 1962-","Fish culturists","This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact Special Collections \u0026 University Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials.","The materials in this collection are arranged alphabetically and by date","\"The Father of Jamaican Fish\" Austin Joseph \"AJ\" Thomas (1908-1988) was a self-taught marine scientist who led the development of fresh water fish farming in Jamaica. Born in Westmoreland in 1908, AJ Thomas was responsible for the technique of cultivating fish known as mono-sex culture. As Fisheries Offices in the Fisheries Division of the Ministry of Agriculture in the 1950s, Thomas experiemented with Adrican or Nile Perch or Tilapia. Recognizing that fish grew significantly when separated by sex, he termed his discovery mono-sex culture. Under his lead, the Fisheries Division built stocking ponds and distributed fingerlings to (cattle) ponds throughout Jamica for growing fish aimed at providing much needed animal protein. Mono-sex culture was heralded by the scientific community transforming the fishing industry worldwide. In the 1960s, AJ joined the Food and Agriculture Division of the United Nations and served for several years as Fisheries Advisor in West Africa. ","In 1949 he caught a fish on the North Coast (Jamaica) that was determined to be of a new species as yet unknown to science. It was named Gobiosoma thomasi after him. ","A lifelong environmentalist, published poet and author, Thomas was poshumously awareded the National Medal for Science and Technology (2003) for his work in the Fishing Industry. (Sources: Jamaica Portraits, 1955-1998 and The Jamaica Gleaner: Pieces of the Past: Famous Jamaican Scientists - Dreamers Among Us)","The materials in this collection primarily reflect AJ Thomas's work as a scientist. Articles written by or of interest to him are included, as well as professional correspondence, reports, and photographs. Additionally, there are files of personal correspondence, writing, articles, and photographs. ","In addition to the occupational articles, of special notice is a series of weekly short stories published in the Jamaica Daily News entitled \"The Villager.\" ","The bulk of the materials in this collection are from the 1940s through the 1980s. Earlier documents, such as Erica Thomas's school certificates from 1917-1920 are present, as well as later material related to AJ's biography and legacy. ","The Austin Joseph Thomas Papers are owned by Florida International University.  This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general","FIU Special Collections","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SPC9035","/repositories/2/resources/124"],"normalized_date_ssm":["bulk 1940-1988"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Austin Joseph Thomas Papers, bulk 1940-1988"],"collection_title_tesim":["Austin Joseph Thomas Papers, bulk 1940-1988"],"collection_ssim":["Austin Joseph Thomas Papers, bulk 1940-1988"],"repository_ssm":["FIU Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Jamaica"],"geogname_ssim":["Jamaica"],"places_ssim":["Jamaica"],"access_terms_ssm":["The Austin Joseph Thomas Papers are owned by Florida International University.  This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Materials were donated by Mr. Thomas's family"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Fish as Food","Fish culture","Fish kills - Jamaica","Fish ponds - Jamaica","Fisheries","Fishery sciences","Fishing","Jamaica - Politics and government to 1962","Jamaica - Politics and government 1962-","Fish culturists"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Fish as Food","Fish culture","Fish kills - Jamaica","Fish ponds - Jamaica","Fisheries","Fishery sciences","Fishing","Jamaica - Politics and government to 1962","Jamaica - Politics and government 1962-","Fish culturists"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4.54 Linear Feet 5 Banker Boxes\n1 Legal Size Document Case"],"extent_tesim":["4.54 Linear Feet 5 Banker Boxes\n1 Legal Size Document Case"],"date_range_isim":[1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research. Researchers must contact Special Collections \u0026amp; University Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact Special Collections \u0026 University Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this collection are arranged alphabetically and by date\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The materials in this collection are arranged alphabetically and by date"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"The Father of Jamaican Fish\" Austin Joseph \"AJ\" Thomas (1908-1988) was a self-taught marine scientist who led the development of fresh water fish farming in Jamaica. Born in Westmoreland in 1908, AJ Thomas was responsible for the technique of cultivating fish known as mono-sex culture. As Fisheries Offices in the Fisheries Division of the Ministry of Agriculture in the 1950s, Thomas experiemented with Adrican or Nile Perch or Tilapia. Recognizing that fish grew significantly when separated by sex, he termed his discovery mono-sex culture. Under his lead, the Fisheries Division built stocking ponds and distributed fingerlings to (cattle) ponds throughout Jamica for growing fish aimed at providing much needed animal protein. Mono-sex culture was heralded by the scientific community transforming the fishing industry worldwide. In the 1960s, AJ joined the Food and Agriculture Division of the United Nations and served for several years as Fisheries Advisor in West Africa. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1949 he caught a fish on the North Coast (Jamaica) that was determined to be of a new species as yet unknown to science. It was named Gobiosoma thomasi after him. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA lifelong environmentalist, published poet and author, Thomas was poshumously awareded the National Medal for Science and Technology (2003) for his work in the Fishing Industry. (Sources: Jamaica Portraits, 1955-1998 and The Jamaica Gleaner: Pieces of the Past: Famous Jamaican Scientists - Dreamers Among Us)\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["\"The Father of Jamaican Fish\" Austin Joseph \"AJ\" Thomas (1908-1988) was a self-taught marine scientist who led the development of fresh water fish farming in Jamaica. Born in Westmoreland in 1908, AJ Thomas was responsible for the technique of cultivating fish known as mono-sex culture. As Fisheries Offices in the Fisheries Division of the Ministry of Agriculture in the 1950s, Thomas experiemented with Adrican or Nile Perch or Tilapia. Recognizing that fish grew significantly when separated by sex, he termed his discovery mono-sex culture. Under his lead, the Fisheries Division built stocking ponds and distributed fingerlings to (cattle) ponds throughout Jamica for growing fish aimed at providing much needed animal protein. Mono-sex culture was heralded by the scientific community transforming the fishing industry worldwide. In the 1960s, AJ joined the Food and Agriculture Division of the United Nations and served for several years as Fisheries Advisor in West Africa. ","In 1949 he caught a fish on the North Coast (Jamaica) that was determined to be of a new species as yet unknown to science. It was named Gobiosoma thomasi after him. ","A lifelong environmentalist, published poet and author, Thomas was poshumously awareded the National Medal for Science and Technology (2003) for his work in the Fishing Industry. (Sources: Jamaica Portraits, 1955-1998 and The Jamaica Gleaner: Pieces of the Past: Famous Jamaican Scientists - Dreamers Among Us)"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this collection primarily reflect AJ Thomas's work as a scientist. Articles written by or of interest to him are included, as well as professional correspondence, reports, and photographs. Additionally, there are files of personal correspondence, writing, articles, and photographs. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to the occupational articles, of special notice is a series of weekly short stories published in the Jamaica Daily News entitled \"The Villager.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the materials in this collection are from the 1940s through the 1980s. Earlier documents, such as Erica Thomas's school certificates from 1917-1920 are present, as well as later material related to AJ's biography and legacy. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The materials in this collection primarily reflect AJ Thomas's work as a scientist. Articles written by or of interest to him are included, as well as professional correspondence, reports, and photographs. Additionally, there are files of personal correspondence, writing, articles, and photographs. ","In addition to the occupational articles, of special notice is a series of weekly short stories published in the Jamaica Daily News entitled \"The Villager.\" ","The bulk of the materials in this collection are from the 1940s through the 1980s. Earlier documents, such as Erica Thomas's school certificates from 1917-1920 are present, as well as later material related to AJ's biography and legacy. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Austin Joseph Thomas Papers are owned by Florida International University.  This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Austin Joseph Thomas Papers are owned by Florida International University.  This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"names_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"corpname_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":120,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"1bf21bc2ad4a5a80099c1ec4","timestamp":"2026-05-22T02:01:06.060Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/1bf21bc2ad4a5a80099c1ec4"}},{"id":"976011b2d2f0d067aaa03413","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Bernard Diederich Collection, 1945-2010","creator":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/976011b2d2f0d067aaa03413#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["Diederich, Bernard"],"label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/976011b2d2f0d067aaa03413#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eThe Bernard Diederich Collection includes both papers and media. Diederich's papers constitute over 130 boxes (143 linear feet); they include Diederich's telegraphs and telexes, his reporter's notepads, and his interview notes, as well as historical documents, such as Central American and Caribbean newspapers and political posters and booklets. The papers also include his private correspondence, which reveals the many challenges encountered by journalists who work in Latin America and the Caribbean. The media collection contains over 20,000 slides and photos that document Diederich's travels. It also includes videotapes and audio cassettes with Diederich's many interviews with Central American and Caribbean leaders.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/976011b2d2f0d067aaa03413#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"976011b2d2f0d067aaa03413","title_ssm":["Bernard Diederich Collection"],"title_tesim":["Bernard Diederich Collection"],"ead_ssi":"976011b2d2f0d067aaa03413","unitdate_ssm":["1945-2010"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1945-2010"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["File","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SPC7010","/repositories/2/resources/73"],"text":["SPC7010","/repositories/2/resources/73","Bernard Diederich Collection, 1945-2010","Haiti--Politics and government.","The Bernard Diederich Collection includes both papers and media. Diederich's papers constitute over 130 boxes (143 linear feet); they include Diederich's telegraphs and telexes, his reporter's notepads, and his interview notes, as well as historical documents, such as Central American and Caribbean newspapers and political posters and booklets. The papers also include his private correspondence, which reveals the many challenges encountered by journalists who work in Latin America and the Caribbean. The media collection contains over 20,000 slides and photos that document Diederich's travels. It also includes videotapes and audio cassettes with Diederich's many interviews with Central American and Caribbean leaders.","Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections. ","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general","FIU Special Collections","Diederich, Bernard","English Spanish; Castilian"],"unitid_tesim":["SPC7010","/repositories/2/resources/73"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1945-2010"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Bernard Diederich Collection, 1945-2010"],"collection_title_tesim":["Bernard Diederich Collection, 1945-2010"],"collection_ssim":["Bernard Diederich Collection, 1945-2010"],"repository_ssm":["FIU Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"creator_ssm":["Diederich, Bernard"],"creator_ssim":["Diederich, Bernard"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Diederich, Bernard"],"creators_ssim":["Diederich, Bernard"],"access_terms_ssm":["Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections. ","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Haiti--Politics and government."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Haiti--Politics and government."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["128.00 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["128.00 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Bernard Diederich Collection includes both papers and media. Diederich's papers constitute over 130 boxes (143 linear feet); they include Diederich's telegraphs and telexes, his reporter's notepads, and his interview notes, as well as historical documents, such as Central American and Caribbean newspapers and political posters and booklets. The papers also include his private correspondence, which reveals the many challenges encountered by journalists who work in Latin America and the Caribbean. The media collection contains over 20,000 slides and photos that document Diederich's travels. It also includes videotapes and audio cassettes with Diederich's many interviews with Central American and Caribbean leaders.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Bernard Diederich Collection includes both papers and media. Diederich's papers constitute over 130 boxes (143 linear feet); they include Diederich's telegraphs and telexes, his reporter's notepads, and his interview notes, as well as historical documents, such as Central American and Caribbean newspapers and political posters and booklets. The papers also include his private correspondence, which reveals the many challenges encountered by journalists who work in Latin America and the Caribbean. The media collection contains over 20,000 slides and photos that document Diederich's travels. It also includes videotapes and audio cassettes with Diederich's many interviews with Central American and Caribbean leaders."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections \u0026amp; University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections. ","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"names_ssim":["FIU Special Collections","Diederich, Bernard"],"corpname_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Diederich, Bernard"],"language_ssim":["English Spanish; Castilian"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3574,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870844751514697728,"_root_":"976011b2d2f0d067aaa03413","timestamp":"2026-07-16T04:36:29.456Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"976011b2d2f0d067aaa03413","title_ssm":["Bernard Diederich Collection"],"title_tesim":["Bernard Diederich Collection"],"ead_ssi":"976011b2d2f0d067aaa03413","unitdate_ssm":["1945-2010"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1945-2010"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["File","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SPC7010","/repositories/2/resources/73"],"text":["SPC7010","/repositories/2/resources/73","Bernard Diederich Collection, 1945-2010","Haiti--Politics and government.","The Bernard Diederich Collection includes both papers and media. Diederich's papers constitute over 130 boxes (143 linear feet); they include Diederich's telegraphs and telexes, his reporter's notepads, and his interview notes, as well as historical documents, such as Central American and Caribbean newspapers and political posters and booklets. The papers also include his private correspondence, which reveals the many challenges encountered by journalists who work in Latin America and the Caribbean. The media collection contains over 20,000 slides and photos that document Diederich's travels. It also includes videotapes and audio cassettes with Diederich's many interviews with Central American and Caribbean leaders.","Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections. 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","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Haiti--Politics and government."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Haiti--Politics and government."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["128.00 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["128.00 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Bernard Diederich Collection includes both papers and media. Diederich's papers constitute over 130 boxes (143 linear feet); they include Diederich's telegraphs and telexes, his reporter's notepads, and his interview notes, as well as historical documents, such as Central American and Caribbean newspapers and political posters and booklets. The papers also include his private correspondence, which reveals the many challenges encountered by journalists who work in Latin America and the Caribbean. The media collection contains over 20,000 slides and photos that document Diederich's travels. It also includes videotapes and audio cassettes with Diederich's many interviews with Central American and Caribbean leaders.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Bernard Diederich Collection includes both papers and media. Diederich's papers constitute over 130 boxes (143 linear feet); they include Diederich's telegraphs and telexes, his reporter's notepads, and his interview notes, as well as historical documents, such as Central American and Caribbean newspapers and political posters and booklets. The papers also include his private correspondence, which reveals the many challenges encountered by journalists who work in Latin America and the Caribbean. The media collection contains over 20,000 slides and photos that document Diederich's travels. It also includes videotapes and audio cassettes with Diederich's many interviews with Central American and Caribbean leaders."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections \u0026amp; University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections. ","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"names_ssim":["FIU Special Collections","Diederich, Bernard"],"corpname_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Diederich, Bernard"],"language_ssim":["English Spanish; Castilian"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3574,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870844751514697728,"_root_":"976011b2d2f0d067aaa03413","timestamp":"2026-07-16T04:36:29.456Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/976011b2d2f0d067aaa03413"}},{"id":"f8a5b8a0c0e3b83ba41e9d77","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Bidegain Papers, 1917-1998","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/f8a5b8a0c0e3b83ba41e9d77#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains various documents from Central and South America, including Brazil, in relation to the church and how society around is changing, and what the views from the church are regarding those changes. Most of the collection is written documents pertaining to the churches view on these changes and how it is related to their personal values, including from the Vatican, such as Vaticano de Obispas (Synod of Bishops for the Pan-Amazon Region, on: \"New paths for the Church and for an Integral Ecology\").\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/f8a5b8a0c0e3b83ba41e9d77#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"f8a5b8a0c0e3b83ba41e9d77","title_ssm":["Bidegain Papers"],"title_tesim":["Bidegain Papers"],"ead_ssi":"f8a5b8a0c0e3b83ba41e9d77","unitdate_ssm":["1917-1998"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1917-1998"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SPC7030","/repositories/2/resources/96"],"text":["SPC7030","/repositories/2/resources/96","Bidegain Papers, 1917-1998","The collection is open for research.","Dr. Ana Maria Bidegain is a professor of religious study at Florida International University. She became a member of the Cambridge Christian Dictionary and is also an editorial member of the History of the World Christian Movement. To her achievements, she is also a noted author of several books on religious study, including Historia del Cristianismo en Colombia and Globalización y Diversidad Religiosa en Colombia. Her primary interest in religion is the presence of women in Latin American Christian History and the Religious Experiences of Latin American and Caribbean migrants.","This collection contains various documents from Central and South America, including Brazil, in relation to the church and how society around is changing, and what the views from the church are regarding those changes. Most of the collection is written documents pertaining to the churches view on these changes and how it is related to their personal values, including from the Vatican, such as Vaticano de Obispas (Synod of Bishops for the Pan-Amazon Region, on: \"New paths for the Church and for an Integral Ecology\").","Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general","FIU Special Collections","Portuguese Spanish; Castilian"],"unitid_tesim":["SPC7030","/repositories/2/resources/96"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1917-1998"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Bidegain Papers, 1917-1998"],"collection_title_tesim":["Bidegain Papers, 1917-1998"],"collection_ssim":["Bidegain Papers, 1917-1998"],"repository_ssm":["FIU Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donation"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.00 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["0.00 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDr. Ana Maria Bidegain is a professor of religious study at Florida International University. She became a member of the Cambridge Christian Dictionary and is also an editorial member of the History of the World Christian Movement. To her achievements, she is also a noted author of several books on religious study, including Historia del Cristianismo en Colombia and Globalizaci\u0026#xF3;n y Diversidad Religiosa en Colombia. Her primary interest in religion is the presence of women in Latin American Christian History and the Religious Experiences of Latin American and Caribbean migrants.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Dr. Ana Maria Bidegain is a professor of religious study at Florida International University. She became a member of the Cambridge Christian Dictionary and is also an editorial member of the History of the World Christian Movement. To her achievements, she is also a noted author of several books on religious study, including Historia del Cristianismo en Colombia and Globalización y Diversidad Religiosa en Colombia. Her primary interest in religion is the presence of women in Latin American Christian History and the Religious Experiences of Latin American and Caribbean migrants."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains various documents from Central and South America, including Brazil, in relation to the church and how society around is changing, and what the views from the church are regarding those changes. Most of the collection is written documents pertaining to the churches view on these changes and how it is related to their personal values, including from the Vatican, such as Vaticano de Obispas (Synod of Bishops for the Pan-Amazon Region, on: \"New paths for the Church and for an Integral Ecology\").\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains various documents from Central and South America, including Brazil, in relation to the church and how society around is changing, and what the views from the church are regarding those changes. Most of the collection is written documents pertaining to the churches view on these changes and how it is related to their personal values, including from the Vatican, such as Vaticano de Obispas (Synod of Bishops for the Pan-Amazon Region, on: \"New paths for the Church and for an Integral Ecology\")."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections \u0026amp; University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"names_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"corpname_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"language_ssim":["Portuguese Spanish; Castilian"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":110,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"f8a5b8a0c0e3b83ba41e9d77","timestamp":"2026-07-08T02:41:46.655Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"f8a5b8a0c0e3b83ba41e9d77","title_ssm":["Bidegain Papers"],"title_tesim":["Bidegain Papers"],"ead_ssi":"f8a5b8a0c0e3b83ba41e9d77","unitdate_ssm":["1917-1998"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1917-1998"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SPC7030","/repositories/2/resources/96"],"text":["SPC7030","/repositories/2/resources/96","Bidegain Papers, 1917-1998","The collection is open for research.","Dr. Ana Maria Bidegain is a professor of religious study at Florida International University. She became a member of the Cambridge Christian Dictionary and is also an editorial member of the History of the World Christian Movement. To her achievements, she is also a noted author of several books on religious study, including Historia del Cristianismo en Colombia and Globalización y Diversidad Religiosa en Colombia. Her primary interest in religion is the presence of women in Latin American Christian History and the Religious Experiences of Latin American and Caribbean migrants.","This collection contains various documents from Central and South America, including Brazil, in relation to the church and how society around is changing, and what the views from the church are regarding those changes. Most of the collection is written documents pertaining to the churches view on these changes and how it is related to their personal values, including from the Vatican, such as Vaticano de Obispas (Synod of Bishops for the Pan-Amazon Region, on: \"New paths for the Church and for an Integral Ecology\").","Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general","FIU Special Collections","Portuguese Spanish; Castilian"],"unitid_tesim":["SPC7030","/repositories/2/resources/96"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1917-1998"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Bidegain Papers, 1917-1998"],"collection_title_tesim":["Bidegain Papers, 1917-1998"],"collection_ssim":["Bidegain Papers, 1917-1998"],"repository_ssm":["FIU Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donation"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.00 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["0.00 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDr. Ana Maria Bidegain is a professor of religious study at Florida International University. She became a member of the Cambridge Christian Dictionary and is also an editorial member of the History of the World Christian Movement. To her achievements, she is also a noted author of several books on religious study, including Historia del Cristianismo en Colombia and Globalizaci\u0026#xF3;n y Diversidad Religiosa en Colombia. Her primary interest in religion is the presence of women in Latin American Christian History and the Religious Experiences of Latin American and Caribbean migrants.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Dr. Ana Maria Bidegain is a professor of religious study at Florida International University. She became a member of the Cambridge Christian Dictionary and is also an editorial member of the History of the World Christian Movement. To her achievements, she is also a noted author of several books on religious study, including Historia del Cristianismo en Colombia and Globalización y Diversidad Religiosa en Colombia. Her primary interest in religion is the presence of women in Latin American Christian History and the Religious Experiences of Latin American and Caribbean migrants."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains various documents from Central and South America, including Brazil, in relation to the church and how society around is changing, and what the views from the church are regarding those changes. Most of the collection is written documents pertaining to the churches view on these changes and how it is related to their personal values, including from the Vatican, such as Vaticano de Obispas (Synod of Bishops for the Pan-Amazon Region, on: \"New paths for the Church and for an Integral Ecology\").\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains various documents from Central and South America, including Brazil, in relation to the church and how society around is changing, and what the views from the church are regarding those changes. Most of the collection is written documents pertaining to the churches view on these changes and how it is related to their personal values, including from the Vatican, such as Vaticano de Obispas (Synod of Bishops for the Pan-Amazon Region, on: \"New paths for the Church and for an Integral Ecology\")."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections \u0026amp; University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"names_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"corpname_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"language_ssim":["Portuguese Spanish; Castilian"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":110,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"f8a5b8a0c0e3b83ba41e9d77","timestamp":"2026-07-08T02:41:46.655Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/f8a5b8a0c0e3b83ba41e9d77"}},{"id":"b7498bda986ffa25b8231833","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Burnett Roth Collection, 1930-2001","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/b7498bda986ffa25b8231833#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains correspondence, memos, court dockets, news clippings, and meeting notes related to the Anti-defamation League (ADL). Mr. Roth was member of the National Board of Trustees of the B'Nai B'Rith Foundation of the United States; Vice-Chairman of the National Civil Rights Committee; Chairman of the Florida Regional Board of the ADL. His relationship with the ADL began in 1931 and continued through the 1990s. Additionally, this collection contains correspondence, photos, clippings, and ephemera from Burnett Roth's personal life. This includes material related to his education, military service during World War II, his career as an attorney in Miami, business ventures, and political offices. Some material related to his immediate family is included. Of special interest are notes compiled by Mr. Roth for an intended book about the history of Jewry in Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/b7498bda986ffa25b8231833#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"b7498bda986ffa25b8231833","title_ssm":["Burnett Roth Collection"],"title_tesim":["Burnett Roth Collection"],"ead_ssi":"b7498bda986ffa25b8231833","unitdate_ssm":["1930-2001"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1930-2001"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SPC5025","/repositories/2/resources/27"],"text":["SPC5025","/repositories/2/resources/27","Burnett Roth Collection, 1930-2001","Miami Beach","Jewish - Arab Relations","Jewish Leadership","Jewish Nationalism","Jewish veterans","Civil rights movement - US","civil rights workers","Anti-Defamation League","Jewish Lawyers","The collection is open for research.","Burnett Roth was born June 13, 1912 in Newark, New Jersey (due to the hospital in his family's home of Daytona being closed during the summer). He was raised in Daytona and Orlando, and he graduated from Orlando High School in 1930. In 1934 he graduated from the University of Florida with a degree in law. He subsequently attented the New York University (NYU) School of International Finance. He was briefly employed by the NRA (National Recovery Act of the New Deal) and the Resettlement Administration. He moved to Miami in 1936 to practice law. As one of only a few hundred Jews in the Miami area during the late 1930s, he experienced and witnessed a surge of anti-semitism. He enlisted in the Army in 1942 and had risen to the rank of Master Sergeant at the time of his discharge in 1945. He was stationed at Camp Blanding, Florida for the duration. \nDuring the 1950s Mr. Roth was a member of the Miami Beach City Commission, as well as serving for a period of time as Vice-Mayor. He served as president of the Miami and Miami Beach Districts of the Zionist Organization and its Emergency Council. He was the Florida State Commander of the Jewish War Veterans of the United States; President of the Sholem Lodge of B'nai B'rith, and General Counsel for the Florida Committee for Public Education and Religious Liberty. He also served as president of the United Cerebral Palsy of Dade County. However, while he was a member of many organizations, the bulk of this collection reflects his work with the Anti-Defamation League of B'Nai B'Rith. ","\nThe Anti-Defamation League (ADL) was founded in September 1913 by Sigmund Livingston. Its sole purpose was \"to stop, by appeals to reason and conscience and, if necessary, by appeals to law, the defamation of the Jewish people.\" The ADL is an international nonprofit Jewish organization that has stated that its primary purpose is \"to secure justice and fair treatment to all citizens alike, and to put an end forever to unjust and unfair discrimination against and ridicule of any sect or body of citizens.\" Burnett Roth, who became an active member of the ADL, was a lawyer and activist who resided in South Florida. While practicing law, Roth became an active member in equal rights amongst not just the Jewish community, but African Americans and all races as well. The mentality was all races regardless of background should not be segregated nor discriminated against. He passed away on July 8, 2008 at the age of 96.","Please note that this collection contains materials that may reflect outdated, biased, offensive, and possibly violent views and opinions. In addition, some of the materials may relate to violent or graphic events and are preserved for their historical significance.","This collection contains correspondence, memos, court dockets, news clippings, and meeting notes related to the Anti-defamation League (ADL). Mr. Roth was member of the National Board of Trustees of the B'Nai B'Rith Foundation of the United States; Vice-Chairman of the National Civil Rights Committee; Chairman of the Florida Regional Board of the ADL. His relationship with the ADL began in 1931 and continued through the 1990s. Additionally, this collection contains correspondence, photos, clippings, and ephemera from Burnett Roth's personal life. This includes material related to his education, military service during World War II, his career as an attorney in Miami, business ventures, and political offices. Some material related to his immediate family is included. Of special interest are notes compiled by Mr. Roth for an intended book about the history of Jewry in Florida.","Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general","FIU Special Collections","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SPC5025","/repositories/2/resources/27"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1930-2001"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Burnett Roth Collection, 1930-2001"],"collection_title_tesim":["Burnett Roth Collection, 1930-2001"],"collection_ssim":["Burnett Roth Collection, 1930-2001"],"repository_ssm":["FIU Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Miami Beach"],"geogname_ssim":["Miami Beach"],"places_ssim":["Miami Beach"],"access_terms_ssm":["Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donation"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Jewish - Arab Relations","Jewish Leadership","Jewish Nationalism","Jewish veterans","Civil rights movement - US","civil rights workers","Anti-Defamation League","Jewish Lawyers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Jewish - Arab Relations","Jewish Leadership","Jewish Nationalism","Jewish veterans","Civil rights movement - US","civil rights workers","Anti-Defamation League","Jewish Lawyers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["11 boxes 7 Banker File Boxes\n2 Tall Legal Size Document Cases\n1 Small Flat Box\n1 Large Flat Box"],"extent_tesim":["11 boxes 7 Banker File Boxes\n2 Tall Legal Size Document Cases\n1 Small Flat Box\n1 Large Flat Box"],"date_range_isim":[1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBurnett Roth was born June 13, 1912 in Newark, New Jersey (due to the hospital in his family's home of Daytona being closed during the summer). He was raised in Daytona and Orlando, and he graduated from Orlando High School in 1930. In 1934 he graduated from the University of Florida with a degree in law. He subsequently attented the New York University (NYU) School of International Finance. He was briefly employed by the NRA (National Recovery Act of the New Deal) and the Resettlement Administration. He moved to Miami in 1936 to practice law. As one of only a few hundred Jews in the Miami area during the late 1930s, he experienced and witnessed a surge of anti-semitism. He enlisted in the Army in 1942 and had risen to the rank of Master Sergeant at the time of his discharge in 1945. He was stationed at Camp Blanding, Florida for the duration. \nDuring the 1950s Mr. Roth was a member of the Miami Beach City Commission, as well as serving for a period of time as Vice-Mayor. He served as president of the Miami and Miami Beach Districts of the Zionist Organization and its Emergency Council. He was the Florida State Commander of the Jewish War Veterans of the United States; President of the Sholem Lodge of B'nai B'rith, and General Counsel for the Florida Committee for Public Education and Religious Liberty. He also served as president of the United Cerebral Palsy of Dade County. However, while he was a member of many organizations, the bulk of this collection reflects his work with the Anti-Defamation League of B'Nai B'Rith. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Anti-Defamation League (ADL) was founded in September 1913 by Sigmund Livingston. Its sole purpose was \"to stop, by appeals to reason and conscience and, if necessary, by appeals to law, the defamation of the Jewish people.\" The ADL is an international nonprofit Jewish organization that has stated that its primary purpose is \"to secure justice and fair treatment to all citizens alike, and to put an end forever to unjust and unfair discrimination against and ridicule of any sect or body of citizens.\" Burnett Roth, who became an active member of the ADL, was a lawyer and activist who resided in South Florida. While practicing law, Roth became an active member in equal rights amongst not just the Jewish community, but African Americans and all races as well. The mentality was all races regardless of background should not be segregated nor discriminated against. He passed away on July 8, 2008 at the age of 96.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Burnett Roth was born June 13, 1912 in Newark, New Jersey (due to the hospital in his family's home of Daytona being closed during the summer). He was raised in Daytona and Orlando, and he graduated from Orlando High School in 1930. In 1934 he graduated from the University of Florida with a degree in law. He subsequently attented the New York University (NYU) School of International Finance. He was briefly employed by the NRA (National Recovery Act of the New Deal) and the Resettlement Administration. He moved to Miami in 1936 to practice law. As one of only a few hundred Jews in the Miami area during the late 1930s, he experienced and witnessed a surge of anti-semitism. He enlisted in the Army in 1942 and had risen to the rank of Master Sergeant at the time of his discharge in 1945. He was stationed at Camp Blanding, Florida for the duration. \nDuring the 1950s Mr. Roth was a member of the Miami Beach City Commission, as well as serving for a period of time as Vice-Mayor. He served as president of the Miami and Miami Beach Districts of the Zionist Organization and its Emergency Council. He was the Florida State Commander of the Jewish War Veterans of the United States; President of the Sholem Lodge of B'nai B'rith, and General Counsel for the Florida Committee for Public Education and Religious Liberty. He also served as president of the United Cerebral Palsy of Dade County. However, while he was a member of many organizations, the bulk of this collection reflects his work with the Anti-Defamation League of B'Nai B'Rith. ","\nThe Anti-Defamation League (ADL) was founded in September 1913 by Sigmund Livingston. Its sole purpose was \"to stop, by appeals to reason and conscience and, if necessary, by appeals to law, the defamation of the Jewish people.\" The ADL is an international nonprofit Jewish organization that has stated that its primary purpose is \"to secure justice and fair treatment to all citizens alike, and to put an end forever to unjust and unfair discrimination against and ridicule of any sect or body of citizens.\" Burnett Roth, who became an active member of the ADL, was a lawyer and activist who resided in South Florida. While practicing law, Roth became an active member in equal rights amongst not just the Jewish community, but African Americans and all races as well. The mentality was all races regardless of background should not be segregated nor discriminated against. He passed away on July 8, 2008 at the age of 96."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePlease note that this collection contains materials that may reflect outdated, biased, offensive, and possibly violent views and opinions. In addition, some of the materials may relate to violent or graphic events and are preserved for their historical significance.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Harmful Language Notice"],"odd_tesim":["Please note that this collection contains materials that may reflect outdated, biased, offensive, and possibly violent views and opinions. In addition, some of the materials may relate to violent or graphic events and are preserved for their historical significance."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains correspondence, memos, court dockets, news clippings, and meeting notes related to the Anti-defamation League (ADL). Mr. Roth was member of the National Board of Trustees of the B'Nai B'Rith Foundation of the United States; Vice-Chairman of the National Civil Rights Committee; Chairman of the Florida Regional Board of the ADL. His relationship with the ADL began in 1931 and continued through the 1990s. Additionally, this collection contains correspondence, photos, clippings, and ephemera from Burnett Roth's personal life. This includes material related to his education, military service during World War II, his career as an attorney in Miami, business ventures, and political offices. Some material related to his immediate family is included. Of special interest are notes compiled by Mr. Roth for an intended book about the history of Jewry in Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains correspondence, memos, court dockets, news clippings, and meeting notes related to the Anti-defamation League (ADL). Mr. Roth was member of the National Board of Trustees of the B'Nai B'Rith Foundation of the United States; Vice-Chairman of the National Civil Rights Committee; Chairman of the Florida Regional Board of the ADL. His relationship with the ADL began in 1931 and continued through the 1990s. Additionally, this collection contains correspondence, photos, clippings, and ephemera from Burnett Roth's personal life. This includes material related to his education, military service during World War II, his career as an attorney in Miami, business ventures, and political offices. Some material related to his immediate family is included. Of special interest are notes compiled by Mr. Roth for an intended book about the history of Jewry in Florida."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRights: In copyright. 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He was raised in Daytona and Orlando, and he graduated from Orlando High School in 1930. In 1934 he graduated from the University of Florida with a degree in law. He subsequently attented the New York University (NYU) School of International Finance. He was briefly employed by the NRA (National Recovery Act of the New Deal) and the Resettlement Administration. He moved to Miami in 1936 to practice law. As one of only a few hundred Jews in the Miami area during the late 1930s, he experienced and witnessed a surge of anti-semitism. He enlisted in the Army in 1942 and had risen to the rank of Master Sergeant at the time of his discharge in 1945. He was stationed at Camp Blanding, Florida for the duration. \nDuring the 1950s Mr. Roth was a member of the Miami Beach City Commission, as well as serving for a period of time as Vice-Mayor. He served as president of the Miami and Miami Beach Districts of the Zionist Organization and its Emergency Council. He was the Florida State Commander of the Jewish War Veterans of the United States; President of the Sholem Lodge of B'nai B'rith, and General Counsel for the Florida Committee for Public Education and Religious Liberty. He also served as president of the United Cerebral Palsy of Dade County. However, while he was a member of many organizations, the bulk of this collection reflects his work with the Anti-Defamation League of B'Nai B'Rith. ","\nThe Anti-Defamation League (ADL) was founded in September 1913 by Sigmund Livingston. Its sole purpose was \"to stop, by appeals to reason and conscience and, if necessary, by appeals to law, the defamation of the Jewish people.\" The ADL is an international nonprofit Jewish organization that has stated that its primary purpose is \"to secure justice and fair treatment to all citizens alike, and to put an end forever to unjust and unfair discrimination against and ridicule of any sect or body of citizens.\" Burnett Roth, who became an active member of the ADL, was a lawyer and activist who resided in South Florida. While practicing law, Roth became an active member in equal rights amongst not just the Jewish community, but African Americans and all races as well. The mentality was all races regardless of background should not be segregated nor discriminated against. He passed away on July 8, 2008 at the age of 96.","Please note that this collection contains materials that may reflect outdated, biased, offensive, and possibly violent views and opinions. In addition, some of the materials may relate to violent or graphic events and are preserved for their historical significance.","This collection contains correspondence, memos, court dockets, news clippings, and meeting notes related to the Anti-defamation League (ADL). Mr. Roth was member of the National Board of Trustees of the B'Nai B'Rith Foundation of the United States; Vice-Chairman of the National Civil Rights Committee; Chairman of the Florida Regional Board of the ADL. His relationship with the ADL began in 1931 and continued through the 1990s. Additionally, this collection contains correspondence, photos, clippings, and ephemera from Burnett Roth's personal life. This includes material related to his education, military service during World War II, his career as an attorney in Miami, business ventures, and political offices. Some material related to his immediate family is included. Of special interest are notes compiled by Mr. Roth for an intended book about the history of Jewry in Florida.","Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. 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He was raised in Daytona and Orlando, and he graduated from Orlando High School in 1930. In 1934 he graduated from the University of Florida with a degree in law. He subsequently attented the New York University (NYU) School of International Finance. He was briefly employed by the NRA (National Recovery Act of the New Deal) and the Resettlement Administration. He moved to Miami in 1936 to practice law. As one of only a few hundred Jews in the Miami area during the late 1930s, he experienced and witnessed a surge of anti-semitism. He enlisted in the Army in 1942 and had risen to the rank of Master Sergeant at the time of his discharge in 1945. He was stationed at Camp Blanding, Florida for the duration. \nDuring the 1950s Mr. Roth was a member of the Miami Beach City Commission, as well as serving for a period of time as Vice-Mayor. He served as president of the Miami and Miami Beach Districts of the Zionist Organization and its Emergency Council. He was the Florida State Commander of the Jewish War Veterans of the United States; President of the Sholem Lodge of B'nai B'rith, and General Counsel for the Florida Committee for Public Education and Religious Liberty. He also served as president of the United Cerebral Palsy of Dade County. However, while he was a member of many organizations, the bulk of this collection reflects his work with the Anti-Defamation League of B'Nai B'Rith. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Anti-Defamation League (ADL) was founded in September 1913 by Sigmund Livingston. Its sole purpose was \"to stop, by appeals to reason and conscience and, if necessary, by appeals to law, the defamation of the Jewish people.\" The ADL is an international nonprofit Jewish organization that has stated that its primary purpose is \"to secure justice and fair treatment to all citizens alike, and to put an end forever to unjust and unfair discrimination against and ridicule of any sect or body of citizens.\" Burnett Roth, who became an active member of the ADL, was a lawyer and activist who resided in South Florida. While practicing law, Roth became an active member in equal rights amongst not just the Jewish community, but African Americans and all races as well. The mentality was all races regardless of background should not be segregated nor discriminated against. 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He was stationed at Camp Blanding, Florida for the duration. \nDuring the 1950s Mr. Roth was a member of the Miami Beach City Commission, as well as serving for a period of time as Vice-Mayor. He served as president of the Miami and Miami Beach Districts of the Zionist Organization and its Emergency Council. He was the Florida State Commander of the Jewish War Veterans of the United States; President of the Sholem Lodge of B'nai B'rith, and General Counsel for the Florida Committee for Public Education and Religious Liberty. He also served as president of the United Cerebral Palsy of Dade County. However, while he was a member of many organizations, the bulk of this collection reflects his work with the Anti-Defamation League of B'Nai B'Rith. ","\nThe Anti-Defamation League (ADL) was founded in September 1913 by Sigmund Livingston. Its sole purpose was \"to stop, by appeals to reason and conscience and, if necessary, by appeals to law, the defamation of the Jewish people.\" The ADL is an international nonprofit Jewish organization that has stated that its primary purpose is \"to secure justice and fair treatment to all citizens alike, and to put an end forever to unjust and unfair discrimination against and ridicule of any sect or body of citizens.\" Burnett Roth, who became an active member of the ADL, was a lawyer and activist who resided in South Florida. While practicing law, Roth became an active member in equal rights amongst not just the Jewish community, but African Americans and all races as well. The mentality was all races regardless of background should not be segregated nor discriminated against. He passed away on July 8, 2008 at the age of 96."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePlease note that this collection contains materials that may reflect outdated, biased, offensive, and possibly violent views and opinions. In addition, some of the materials may relate to violent or graphic events and are preserved for their historical significance.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Harmful Language Notice"],"odd_tesim":["Please note that this collection contains materials that may reflect outdated, biased, offensive, and possibly violent views and opinions. In addition, some of the materials may relate to violent or graphic events and are preserved for their historical significance."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains correspondence, memos, court dockets, news clippings, and meeting notes related to the Anti-defamation League (ADL). 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FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"names_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"corpname_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":194,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"b7498bda986ffa25b8231833","timestamp":"2026-04-30T02:02:49.362Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/b7498bda986ffa25b8231833"}},{"id":"03e12f0b210afaf691bd49d9","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Cesar Becerra Logging Industry Collection, 1971-1994","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/03e12f0b210afaf691bd49d9#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eThis little known part of Florida history was extensively documented in 1994-1995 by South Florida filmmaker and historian Cesar Becerra. 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It contains photographs, interview transcripts, and video pertaining to his research efforts.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/03e12f0b210afaf691bd49d9#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"03e12f0b210afaf691bd49d9","title_ssm":["Cesar Becerra Logging Industry Collection"],"title_tesim":["Cesar Becerra Logging Industry Collection"],"ead_ssi":"03e12f0b210afaf691bd49d9","unitdate_ssm":["1971-1994"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1971-1994"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SPC8075","/repositories/2/resources/103"],"text":["SPC8075","/repositories/2/resources/103","Cesar Becerra Logging Industry Collection, 1971-1994","Big Cypress National Preserve (Fla)","Big Cypress Swamp (Fla)","Conservation","Environmental policy","Environmental justice","Florida panther","Logging","This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact Special Collections \u0026 University Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials.","The materials in this collection are arranged in the following series':","Series 1: Papers\nSeries 2: Photographs\nSeries 3: Videos\nOversize Items\nSlide Carousel","You would never think of the Florida Everglades as a major contributor to Florida's logging industry, but from the 1920s through the early 1950s, it was. The epicenter was the long-abandoned Collier County town of Jerome, located on State Rd.29 just north of U.S.41. The Jerome lumber mill once was among the most productive in the United States. During the 1940s, loggers cut and finished about 100,000 board feet every day. About a thousand workers, mostly African-American men, kept the mill going. In addition to the dangers inherent in this kind of work, the men dealt with snakes, alligators, and oppressive heat. This little known part of Florida history was extensively documented in 1994-1995 by South Florida filmmaker and historian Cesar Becerra. This collection represents his work and research that has subsequently been used in exhibits and at least one court case. It includes photographs taken during the industry's heyday, government documents, videos, and oral history interviews with former loggers.","The materials in this collection concern the environmental impacts of industry in the Florida Everglades. For further research, the Franklin Adams Collection (SPC 9000) also relates to the Big Cypress Preserve. ","Additionally, the James A. Haley Congressional Papers and the Andy Ireland Congressional Papers--both collections housed at Florida Southern College--relate to Big Cypress and the broader Everglades region. ","This little known part of Florida history was extensively documented in 1994-1995 by South Florida filmmaker and historian Cesar Becerra. This collection represents his work and research that has subsequently been used in exhibits and at least one court case. It contains photographs, interview transcripts, and video pertaining to his research efforts.","The Cesar Becerra Logging Collection is owned by Florida International University.  This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general","FIU Special Collections","Franklin B. 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Researchers must contact Special Collections \u0026amp; University Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact Special Collections \u0026 University Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this collection are arranged in the following series':\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Papers\nSeries 2: Photographs\nSeries 3: Videos\nOversize Items\nSlide Carousel\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The materials in this collection are arranged in the following series':","Series 1: Papers\nSeries 2: Photographs\nSeries 3: Videos\nOversize Items\nSlide Carousel"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eYou would never think of the Florida Everglades as a major contributor to Florida's logging industry, but from the 1920s through the early 1950s, it was. The epicenter was the long-abandoned Collier County town of Jerome, located on State Rd.29 just north of U.S.41. The Jerome lumber mill once was among the most productive in the United States. During the 1940s, loggers cut and finished about 100,000 board feet every day. About a thousand workers, mostly African-American men, kept the mill going. In addition to the dangers inherent in this kind of work, the men dealt with snakes, alligators, and oppressive heat. This little known part of Florida history was extensively documented in 1994-1995 by South Florida filmmaker and historian Cesar Becerra. This collection represents his work and research that has subsequently been used in exhibits and at least one court case. It includes photographs taken during the industry's heyday, government documents, videos, and oral history interviews with former loggers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["You would never think of the Florida Everglades as a major contributor to Florida's logging industry, but from the 1920s through the early 1950s, it was. 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