{"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1975\u0026page=401","prev":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1975\u0026page=400","next":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1975\u0026page=402","last":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1975\u0026page=533"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":401,"next_page":402,"prev_page":400,"total_pages":533,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":4000,"total_count":5327,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"736d7f706c8659e077e0657e_aspace_a223193d19acca2f42d237f4288be9b3","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Principle Uses of Freshwater in Florida, 1975","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/736d7f706c8659e077e0657e_aspace_a223193d19acca2f42d237f4288be9b3#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_a223193d19acca2f42d237f4288be9b3","ref_ssm":["aspace_a223193d19acca2f42d237f4288be9b3","aspace_a223193d19acca2f42d237f4288be9b3"],"id":"736d7f706c8659e077e0657e_aspace_a223193d19acca2f42d237f4288be9b3","title_filing_ssi":"Principle Uses of Freshwater in Florida","title_ssm":["Principle Uses of Freshwater in Florida"],"title_tesim":["Principle Uses of Freshwater in Florida"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1975"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1975"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Principle Uses of Freshwater in Florida, 1975"],"text":["Principle Uses of Freshwater in Florida, 1975","Southwest Florida Map Collection, 1925-2017","Southwest Florida Regional Planning Council Map Collection, 1920-2020","Florida","/repositories/2/archival_objects/56506","Maps","Case [case] 15","drawer [drawer] 02"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["736d7f706c8659e077e0657e","736d7f706c8659e077e0657e_aspace_f08cd93fdec84db48232866a700bff50","736d7f706c8659e077e0657e_aspace_b1fc2661952947eab4b747db495748af"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Southwest Florida Map Collection, 1925-2017","Southwest Florida Regional Planning Council Map Collection, 1920-2020","Florida"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Southwest Florida Map Collection, 1925-2017","Southwest Florida Regional Planning Council Map Collection, 1920-2020","Florida"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Subseries"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/2/archival_objects/56506"],"repository_ssim":["Florida Gulf Coast University Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Southwest Florida Map Collection, 1925-2017"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":4148,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"date_range_isim":[1975],"access_subjects_ssim":["Maps"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Maps"],"containers_ssim":["Case [case] 15","drawer [drawer] 02"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#20/components#15","_nest_parent_":"736d7f706c8659e077e0657e_aspace_b1fc2661952947eab4b747db495748af","_root_":"736d7f706c8659e077e0657e","_version_":1870843606641672192,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T04:18:17.623Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"736d7f706c8659e077e0657e","title_filing_ssi":"Southwest Florida Map Collection","title_ssm":["Southwest Florida Map Collection"],"title_tesim":["Southwest Florida Map Collection"],"ead_ssi":"736d7f706c8659e077e0657e","unitdate_ssm":["1925-2017"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1925-2017"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["02","/repositories/2/resources/101"],"text":["02","/repositories/2/resources/101","Southwest Florida Map Collection, 1925-2017","Aerial photography","Maps","The collection is open for research.","The Southwest Florida Map Collection is arranged alphabetically by the collections from which the maps originate.","The Southwest Florida Map Collection is a format-based collection that compiles maps and map-related ephemera from across our collections. The maps within the collection largely document the social, environmental, and ecological change of Southwest Florida from the early 20th century into the 21st. The collection contains topographic maps, hand-drawn maps, and aerial photography. Of particular note is the selection of material that depicts the Southwest Florida coast south of Tampa Bay.","Florida Gulf Coast University Special Collections","Southwest Florida Regional Planning Council","English"],"unitid_tesim":["02","/repositories/2/resources/101"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1925-2017"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Southwest Florida Map Collection, 1925-2017"],"collection_title_tesim":["Southwest Florida Map Collection, 1925-2017"],"collection_ssim":["Southwest Florida Map Collection, 1925-2017"],"repository_ssm":["Florida Gulf Coast University Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["Florida Gulf Coast University Special Collections"],"creator_ssm":["Southwest Florida Regional Planning Council"],"creator_ssim":["Southwest Florida Regional Planning Council"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Southwest Florida Regional Planning Council"],"creators_ssim":["Southwest Florida Regional Planning Council"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Aerial photography","Maps"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Aerial photography","Maps"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["22 Cubic Feet archival boxes","61 Cubic Feet flat file cabinets"],"extent_tesim":["22 Cubic Feet archival boxes","61 Cubic Feet flat file cabinets"],"dimensions_tesim":["16.25 in x 13 in x 10.5 in","Each drawer is 32 in x 44 in x 3 in."],"genreform_ssim":["Maps"],"date_range_isim":[1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Southwest Florida Map Collection is arranged alphabetically by the collections from which the maps originate.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Southwest Florida Map Collection is arranged alphabetically by the collections from which the maps originate."],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOther finding aids related to the collection include, but are not limited to the \u003ca href=\"https://archives.fgcu.edu/resources/__020620\"\u003eKevin Erwin Ecological Collection\u003c/a\u003e, the \u003ca href=\"https://archives.fgcu.edu/resources/__020129\"\u003eFloridiana Collection\u003c/a\u003e, the \u003ca href=\"https://archives.fgcu.edu/resources/01-01-01\"\u003eUniversity Site Selection and Development Collection\u003c/a\u003e, and the  \u003ca href=\"https://archives.fgcu.edu/resources/02-03-11\"\u003eSouthwest Florida Regional Planning Council Collection\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Other Finding Aids"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["Other finding aids related to the collection include, but are not limited to the  Kevin Erwin Ecological Collection , the  Floridiana Collection , the  University Site Selection and Development Collection , and the   Southwest Florida Regional Planning Council Collection ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Southwest Florida Map Collection is a format-based collection that compiles maps and map-related ephemera from across our collections. The maps within the collection largely document the social, environmental, and ecological change of Southwest Florida from the early 20th century into the 21st. The collection contains topographic maps, hand-drawn maps, and aerial photography. Of particular note is the selection of material that depicts the Southwest Florida coast south of Tampa Bay.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Southwest Florida Map Collection is a format-based collection that compiles maps and map-related ephemera from across our collections. The maps within the collection largely document the social, environmental, and ecological change of Southwest Florida from the early 20th century into the 21st. The collection contains topographic maps, hand-drawn maps, and aerial photography. Of particular note is the selection of material that depicts the Southwest Florida coast south of Tampa Bay."],"names_coll_ssim":["Southwest Florida Regional Planning Council"],"names_ssim":["Florida Gulf Coast University Special Collections","Southwest Florida Regional Planning Council"],"corpname_ssim":["Florida Gulf Coast University Special Collections","Southwest Florida Regional Planning Council"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":4227,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870843606641672192,"_root_":"736d7f706c8659e077e0657e","timestamp":"2026-07-16T04:18:17.623Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/736d7f706c8659e077e0657e_aspace_a223193d19acca2f42d237f4288be9b3"}},{"id":"63f85ee1ad3b0ea5b7bd3ffa_aspace_2cd13a9403ea5d9481ab7d17e91c5360","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Printed Materials, 1969-2002","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/63f85ee1ad3b0ea5b7bd3ffa_aspace_2cd13a9403ea5d9481ab7d17e91c5360#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eThe Printed Materials series consists of articles, newsletters, newspaper clippings, press releases, poetry, and student publications collected by or about Library-In-Action. The General sub-series include Collier City Library press releases, the Broward County Library Association newsletter, First Annual South Florida Black Film Festival, \"Impressions\" newsletter for Library-In-Action, Library-In-Action publicity, literacy press releases, newspaper clippings (1976-1990), poems by Mildred Keeve, \"Touch\" newsletter for Library-In-Action staff, the Tyrone Bryant Library dedication program (1988) and the \"My Soul is Witness\" book poster (oversized). The Read Campaign Student Publications sub-series contains thirteen short stories written by youth and adult students during the Broward County Library Read Campaign in 1987 and 1989. \u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/63f85ee1ad3b0ea5b7bd3ffa_aspace_2cd13a9403ea5d9481ab7d17e91c5360#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_2cd13a9403ea5d9481ab7d17e91c5360","ref_ssm":["aspace_2cd13a9403ea5d9481ab7d17e91c5360","aspace_2cd13a9403ea5d9481ab7d17e91c5360"],"id":"63f85ee1ad3b0ea5b7bd3ffa_aspace_2cd13a9403ea5d9481ab7d17e91c5360","title_filing_ssi":"Printed Materials","title_ssm":["Printed Materials"],"title_tesim":["Printed Materials"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1969-2002"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1969-2002"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Printed Materials, 1969-2002"],"text":["Printed Materials, 1969-2002","Library-In-Action Collection, Circa 1969-2002","/repositories/2/archival_objects/18759","The Printed Materials series consists of articles, newsletters, newspaper clippings, press releases, poetry, and student publications collected by or about Library-In-Action. The General sub-series include Collier City Library press releases, the Broward County Library Association newsletter, First Annual South Florida Black Film Festival, \"Impressions\" newsletter for Library-In-Action, Library-In-Action publicity, literacy press releases, newspaper clippings (1976-1990), poems by Mildred Keeve, \"Touch\" newsletter for Library-In-Action staff, the Tyrone Bryant Library dedication program (1988) and the \"My Soul is Witness\" book poster (oversized). The Read Campaign Student Publications sub-series contains thirteen short stories written by youth and adult students during the Broward County Library Read Campaign in 1987 and 1989. ","The series is organized into two sub-series and are arranged alphabetically within: General and Read Campaign Student Publications. Oversize newspaper clippings are stored separately in an oversize box."],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ids_ssim":["63f85ee1ad3b0ea5b7bd3ffa"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Library-In-Action Collection, Circa 1969-2002"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Library-In-Action Collection, Circa 1969-2002"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/2/archival_objects/18759"],"repository_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Library-In-Action Collection, Circa 1969-2002"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":2,"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"sort_isi":344,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The Library-In-Action Collection is open for research."],"date_range_isim":[1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Printed Materials series consists of articles, newsletters, newspaper clippings, press releases, poetry, and student publications collected by or about Library-In-Action. The General sub-series include Collier City Library press releases, the Broward County Library Association newsletter, First Annual South Florida Black Film Festival, \"Impressions\" newsletter for Library-In-Action, Library-In-Action publicity, literacy press releases, newspaper clippings (1976-1990), poems by Mildred Keeve, \"Touch\" newsletter for Library-In-Action staff, the Tyrone Bryant Library dedication program (1988) and the \"My Soul is Witness\" book poster (oversized). The Read Campaign Student Publications sub-series contains thirteen short stories written by youth and adult students during the Broward County Library Read Campaign in 1987 and 1989. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe series is organized into two sub-series and are arranged alphabetically within: General and Read Campaign Student Publications. Oversize newspaper clippings are stored separately in an oversize box.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Printed Materials series consists of articles, newsletters, newspaper clippings, press releases, poetry, and student publications collected by or about Library-In-Action. The General sub-series include Collier City Library press releases, the Broward County Library Association newsletter, First Annual South Florida Black Film Festival, \"Impressions\" newsletter for Library-In-Action, Library-In-Action publicity, literacy press releases, newspaper clippings (1976-1990), poems by Mildred Keeve, \"Touch\" newsletter for Library-In-Action staff, the Tyrone Bryant Library dedication program (1988) and the \"My Soul is Witness\" book poster (oversized). The Read Campaign Student Publications sub-series contains thirteen short stories written by youth and adult students during the Broward County Library Read Campaign in 1987 and 1989. ","The series is organized into two sub-series and are arranged alphabetically within: General and Read Campaign Student Publications. Oversize newspaper clippings are stored separately in an oversize box."],"_nest_path_":"/components#4","_nest_parent_":"63f85ee1ad3b0ea5b7bd3ffa","_root_":"63f85ee1ad3b0ea5b7bd3ffa","_version_":1876455833356730368,"timestamp":"2026-09-16T03:02:14.138Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"63f85ee1ad3b0ea5b7bd3ffa","title_filing_ssi":"Library-In-Action Collection","title_ssm":["Library-In-Action Collection"],"title_tesim":["Library-In-Action Collection"],"ead_ssi":"63f85ee1ad3b0ea5b7bd3ffa","unitdate_ssm":["Circa 1969-2002"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Circa 1969-2002"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["File","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["AARLCC.2024.4","/repositories/2/resources/356"],"text":["AARLCC.2024.4","/repositories/2/resources/356","Library-In-Action Collection, Circa 1969-2002","Fort Lauderdale (Fla.)","Broward County (Fla.)","Libraries and Black people","Public libraries -- Florida -- Broward County","Literacy","Subsidies","Correspondence","minutes (administrative records)","Photographs","slides (photographs)","Clippings","Proclamations","plaques (flat objects)","Certificates","The Library-In-Action Collection is open for research.","View a selection of digitized materials from the Library-In-Action Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives.","The collection is arranged into 11 series: Series I. Correspondence, Series II. Administrative Files, Series III. Photographs and Slides, Series IV. Programming, Series V. Printed Materials, Series VI. Sistrunk Historical Festival, Series VII. Awards and Proclamations, Series VIII. Objects, Series IX. Langston Hughes Library and Tyrone Bryant Papers, Series X. Art XI. Audio-Visual Materials.","Broward County Library created the Library-in-Action (LIA) initiative to address educational needs and increase access to libraries in historically underserved, primarily minority communities in Broward County. It started in 1975 as the Broward County Library \"Project for the Economically Disadvantaged\" but soon became internationally known as Library-in-Action Project. The project ran until 2002.","The Von D. Mizell Library in the historic Sistrunk neighborhood, which became part of the Broward County Library system in 1974, was the headquarters of Library-In-Action. As a result of LIA-authored grant funding, four additional libraries were opened: Dania Beach Library (Feb. 5, 1979), Collier City Library (1980), Rock Island Library (1980), and Carver Ranches Library (1982). Also in 1980, the Von D. Mizell Library moved to a new building with a larger collection. These five libraries provided youth and adults with free access to books, literacy classes, and tutoring services. They also created tailor-made services and programs based on community input.","Broward County Library's Assistant Director, Samuel Morrison, hired an administrative team to oversee the LIA program: Tyrone Bryant (Director), Janet Hansen (Assistant Director), and Tanya Simons-Oparah (Outreach Services Coordinator). The LIA team earned millions of dollars in grants, trained librarians and staff, and conducted programming. ","From 1977 to 1980, Library-In-Action staff canvassed neighborhoods and offered library resources to the Collier City community before the Collier City Library was built. The LIA's Homework Assistance program bussed children from elementary schools to the Collier City Library, where they received help with their homework and school projects, graduating more than 200 students in its early years. ","The LIA project also involved a Bookmobile and a Footmobile service - where staff went door-to-door promoting libraries and delivering books. Other notable programs included speakers such as Alex Haley (author of \"Roots\") in 1980, Elton Fox, and Tom Feelings. The Black Heritage program educated children on Africa, and an African hut was constructed in the Von D. Mizell Library as part of the programming.","LIA Director Tyrone Bryant coined the name \"Library-In-Action\". Tyrone Bryant (1942-1988) was a graduate of Florida Agriculture and Mechanical University. Prior to his directorship at the Langston Hughes Library he was the director of the Committee for the Corona-East Elmhurst Community Corp, where he began working in 1967. The Committee's activism ultimately formed the Langston Hughes Cultural Center and Library in the Corona neighborhood in New York City. Tyrone Bryant became the first Director of the Langston Hughes Library which opened April 26, 1969 and served the needs of inner-city residents. Bryant moved to Fort Lauderdale in 1975 to become the LIA Director. The many programs conducted during the BCL LIA project originated from Tyrone Byrant's experience with programs at the Langston Hughes Library, such as the Homework Assistance Program. In 1983 Bryant was named Assistant Director of the Broward County Library system in charge of Special Services while also retaining his position as Project Director of LIA. Bryant also served as the chairman of the Sistrunk Historical Festival from 1983 until 1988. He married Claudia Wright in 1986. Tyrone Bryant died on February 24, 1988 at age 45. The Rock Island Library was rededicated in his honor on April 20, 1988 as the Tyrone Bryant Library Branch.","The 1980 Sistrunk Historical Festival saw the dedication of the Von D. Mizell Center which housed the Von D. Mizell Branch Library.","The LIA program collaborated with the City of Fort Lauderdale to create the Sistrunk Historical Festival in 1979, celebrating the county's black pioneers. The festival began as a two-day event to initiate economic redevelopment and held programming on African American culture, and under Bryant's chairmanship grew to a month-long event drawing over 100,000 people by 1988.","This collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection.","Von D. Mizell Library Collection","The Library-In-Action Collection documents the Library-In-Action initiative started by the Broward County Library in 1975 to address literacy and access in underserved communities. The collection also documents the career of Tyrone Bryant from his tenure at the Langston Hughes Library through his directorship at Library-In-Action, as well as the Sistrunk Historical Festival.","Materials in the collection consist of correspondence, budgets, meeting minutes, staff files, grants, reports, photographs, slides, programs, newspaper clippings, newsletters, press releases, certificates, proclamations, audio-visual materials, and objects.","AARLCC Special Collections","Broward County Library","Langston Hughes Community Library and Cultural Center. Queens Public Library (Corona, N.Y.)","Bryant, Tyrone, 1942-1988","English"],"unitid_tesim":["AARLCC.2024.4","/repositories/2/resources/356"],"normalized_date_ssm":["Circa 1969-2002"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Library-In-Action Collection, Circa 1969-2002"],"collection_title_tesim":["Library-In-Action Collection, Circa 1969-2002"],"collection_ssim":["Library-In-Action Collection, Circa 1969-2002"],"repository_ssm":["AARLCC Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Fort Lauderdale (Fla.)","Broward County (Fla.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Fort Lauderdale (Fla.)","Broward County (Fla.)"],"places_ssim":["Fort Lauderdale (Fla.)","Broward County (Fla.)"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Libraries and Black people","Public libraries -- Florida -- Broward County","Literacy","Subsidies","Correspondence","minutes (administrative records)","Photographs","slides (photographs)","Clippings","Proclamations","plaques (flat objects)","Certificates"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Libraries and Black people","Public libraries -- Florida -- Broward County","Literacy","Subsidies","Correspondence","minutes (administrative records)","Photographs","slides (photographs)","Clippings","Proclamations","plaques (flat objects)","Certificates"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["45 Hollinger Boxes","24.75 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["45 Hollinger Boxes","24.75 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","minutes (administrative records)","Photographs","slides (photographs)","Clippings","Proclamations","plaques (flat objects)","Certificates"],"date_range_isim":[1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Library-In-Action Collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The Library-In-Action Collection is open for research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://digitalarchives.broward.org/digital/collection/libinaction/search\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eView a selection of digitized materials from the Library-In-Action Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Digitized Materials"],"altformavail_tesim":["View a selection of digitized materials from the Library-In-Action Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into 11 series: Series I. Correspondence, Series II. Administrative Files, Series III. Photographs and Slides, Series IV. Programming, Series V. Printed Materials, Series VI. Sistrunk Historical Festival, Series VII. Awards and Proclamations, Series VIII. Objects, Series IX. Langston Hughes Library and Tyrone Bryant Papers, Series X. Art XI. Audio-Visual Materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into 11 series: Series I. Correspondence, Series II. Administrative Files, Series III. Photographs and Slides, Series IV. Programming, Series V. Printed Materials, Series VI. Sistrunk Historical Festival, Series VII. Awards and Proclamations, Series VIII. Objects, Series IX. Langston Hughes Library and Tyrone Bryant Papers, Series X. Art XI. Audio-Visual Materials."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBroward County Library created the Library-in-Action (LIA) initiative to address educational needs and increase access to libraries in historically underserved, primarily minority communities in Broward County. It started in 1975 as the Broward County Library \"Project for the Economically Disadvantaged\" but soon became internationally known as Library-in-Action Project. The project ran until 2002.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Von D. Mizell Library in the historic Sistrunk neighborhood, which became part of the Broward County Library system in 1974, was the headquarters of Library-In-Action. As a result of LIA-authored grant funding, four additional libraries were opened: Dania Beach Library (Feb. 5, 1979), Collier City Library (1980), Rock Island Library (1980), and Carver Ranches Library (1982). Also in 1980, the Von D. Mizell Library moved to a new building with a larger collection. These five libraries provided youth and adults with free access to books, literacy classes, and tutoring services. They also created tailor-made services and programs based on community input.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBroward County Library's Assistant Director, Samuel Morrison, hired an administrative team to oversee the LIA program: Tyrone Bryant (Director), Janet Hansen (Assistant Director), and Tanya Simons-Oparah (Outreach Services Coordinator). The LIA team earned millions of dollars in grants, trained librarians and staff, and conducted programming. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrom 1977 to 1980, Library-In-Action staff canvassed neighborhoods and offered library resources to the Collier City community before the Collier City Library was built. The LIA's Homework Assistance program bussed children from elementary schools to the Collier City Library, where they received help with their homework and school projects, graduating more than 200 students in its early years. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe LIA project also involved a Bookmobile and a Footmobile service - where staff went door-to-door promoting libraries and delivering books. Other notable programs included speakers such as Alex Haley (author of \"Roots\") in 1980, Elton Fox, and Tom Feelings. The Black Heritage program educated children on Africa, and an African hut was constructed in the Von D. Mizell Library as part of the programming.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLIA Director Tyrone Bryant coined the name \"Library-In-Action\". Tyrone Bryant (1942-1988) was a graduate of Florida Agriculture and Mechanical University. Prior to his directorship at the Langston Hughes Library he was the director of the Committee for the Corona-East Elmhurst Community Corp, where he began working in 1967. The Committee's activism ultimately formed the Langston Hughes Cultural Center and Library in the Corona neighborhood in New York City. Tyrone Bryant became the first Director of the Langston Hughes Library which opened April 26, 1969 and served the needs of inner-city residents. Bryant moved to Fort Lauderdale in 1975 to become the LIA Director. The many programs conducted during the BCL LIA project originated from Tyrone Byrant's experience with programs at the Langston Hughes Library, such as the Homework Assistance Program. In 1983 Bryant was named Assistant Director of the Broward County Library system in charge of Special Services while also retaining his position as Project Director of LIA. Bryant also served as the chairman of the Sistrunk Historical Festival from 1983 until 1988. He married Claudia Wright in 1986. Tyrone Bryant died on February 24, 1988 at age 45. The Rock Island Library was rededicated in his honor on April 20, 1988 as the Tyrone Bryant Library Branch.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe 1980 Sistrunk Historical Festival saw the dedication of the Von D. Mizell Center which housed the Von D. Mizell Branch Library.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe LIA program collaborated with the City of Fort Lauderdale to create the Sistrunk Historical Festival in 1979, celebrating the county's black pioneers. The festival began as a two-day event to initiate economic redevelopment and held programming on African American culture, and under Bryant's chairmanship grew to a month-long event drawing over 100,000 people by 1988.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Broward County Library created the Library-in-Action (LIA) initiative to address educational needs and increase access to libraries in historically underserved, primarily minority communities in Broward County. It started in 1975 as the Broward County Library \"Project for the Economically Disadvantaged\" but soon became internationally known as Library-in-Action Project. The project ran until 2002.","The Von D. Mizell Library in the historic Sistrunk neighborhood, which became part of the Broward County Library system in 1974, was the headquarters of Library-In-Action. As a result of LIA-authored grant funding, four additional libraries were opened: Dania Beach Library (Feb. 5, 1979), Collier City Library (1980), Rock Island Library (1980), and Carver Ranches Library (1982). Also in 1980, the Von D. Mizell Library moved to a new building with a larger collection. These five libraries provided youth and adults with free access to books, literacy classes, and tutoring services. They also created tailor-made services and programs based on community input.","Broward County Library's Assistant Director, Samuel Morrison, hired an administrative team to oversee the LIA program: Tyrone Bryant (Director), Janet Hansen (Assistant Director), and Tanya Simons-Oparah (Outreach Services Coordinator). The LIA team earned millions of dollars in grants, trained librarians and staff, and conducted programming. ","From 1977 to 1980, Library-In-Action staff canvassed neighborhoods and offered library resources to the Collier City community before the Collier City Library was built. The LIA's Homework Assistance program bussed children from elementary schools to the Collier City Library, where they received help with their homework and school projects, graduating more than 200 students in its early years. ","The LIA project also involved a Bookmobile and a Footmobile service - where staff went door-to-door promoting libraries and delivering books. Other notable programs included speakers such as Alex Haley (author of \"Roots\") in 1980, Elton Fox, and Tom Feelings. The Black Heritage program educated children on Africa, and an African hut was constructed in the Von D. Mizell Library as part of the programming.","LIA Director Tyrone Bryant coined the name \"Library-In-Action\". Tyrone Bryant (1942-1988) was a graduate of Florida Agriculture and Mechanical University. Prior to his directorship at the Langston Hughes Library he was the director of the Committee for the Corona-East Elmhurst Community Corp, where he began working in 1967. The Committee's activism ultimately formed the Langston Hughes Cultural Center and Library in the Corona neighborhood in New York City. Tyrone Bryant became the first Director of the Langston Hughes Library which opened April 26, 1969 and served the needs of inner-city residents. Bryant moved to Fort Lauderdale in 1975 to become the LIA Director. The many programs conducted during the BCL LIA project originated from Tyrone Byrant's experience with programs at the Langston Hughes Library, such as the Homework Assistance Program. In 1983 Bryant was named Assistant Director of the Broward County Library system in charge of Special Services while also retaining his position as Project Director of LIA. Bryant also served as the chairman of the Sistrunk Historical Festival from 1983 until 1988. He married Claudia Wright in 1986. Tyrone Bryant died on February 24, 1988 at age 45. The Rock Island Library was rededicated in his honor on April 20, 1988 as the Tyrone Bryant Library Branch.","The 1980 Sistrunk Historical Festival saw the dedication of the Von D. Mizell Center which housed the Von D. Mizell Branch Library.","The LIA program collaborated with the City of Fort Lauderdale to create the Sistrunk Historical Festival in 1979, celebrating the county's black pioneers. The festival began as a two-day event to initiate economic redevelopment and held programming on African American culture, and under Bryant's chairmanship grew to a month-long event drawing over 100,000 people by 1988."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLibrary-In-Action Collection, African American Research Library and Cultural Center, Broward County Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Library-In-Action Collection, African American Research Library and Cultural Center, Broward County Library."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://broward.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/185\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eVon D. Mizell Library Collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Von D. Mizell Library Collection"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Library-In-Action Collection documents the Library-In-Action initiative started by the Broward County Library in 1975 to address literacy and access in underserved communities. The collection also documents the career of Tyrone Bryant from his tenure at the Langston Hughes Library through his directorship at Library-In-Action, as well as the Sistrunk Historical Festival.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials in the collection consist of correspondence, budgets, meeting minutes, staff files, grants, reports, photographs, slides, programs, newspaper clippings, newsletters, press releases, certificates, proclamations, audio-visual materials, and objects.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Library-In-Action Collection documents the Library-In-Action initiative started by the Broward County Library in 1975 to address literacy and access in underserved communities. The collection also documents the career of Tyrone Bryant from his tenure at the Langston Hughes Library through his directorship at Library-In-Action, as well as the Sistrunk Historical Festival.","Materials in the collection consist of correspondence, budgets, meeting minutes, staff files, grants, reports, photographs, slides, programs, newspaper clippings, newsletters, press releases, certificates, proclamations, audio-visual materials, and objects."],"names_coll_ssim":["Broward County Library","Langston Hughes Community Library and Cultural Center. Queens Public Library (Corona, N.Y.)","Bryant, Tyrone, 1942-1988"],"names_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections","Broward County Library","Langston Hughes Community Library and Cultural Center. Queens Public Library (Corona, N.Y.)","Bryant, Tyrone, 1942-1988"],"corpname_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections","Broward County Library","Langston Hughes Community Library and Cultural Center. Queens Public Library (Corona, N.Y.)"],"persname_ssim":["Bryant, Tyrone, 1942-1988"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":530,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1876455833356730368,"_root_":"63f85ee1ad3b0ea5b7bd3ffa","timestamp":"2026-09-16T03:02:14.138Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/63f85ee1ad3b0ea5b7bd3ffa_aspace_2cd13a9403ea5d9481ab7d17e91c5360"}},{"id":"b3e4025e67698b63bebebf69_aspace_c685259f8936dcb48581921cbb84d9f1","type":"Sub-sub-series","attributes":{"title":"Printed Materials, 1974-2009","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/b3e4025e67698b63bebebf69_aspace_c685259f8936dcb48581921cbb84d9f1#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_c685259f8936dcb48581921cbb84d9f1","ref_ssm":["aspace_c685259f8936dcb48581921cbb84d9f1","aspace_c685259f8936dcb48581921cbb84d9f1"],"id":"b3e4025e67698b63bebebf69_aspace_c685259f8936dcb48581921cbb84d9f1","title_filing_ssi":"Printed Materials","title_ssm":["Printed Materials"],"title_tesim":["Printed Materials"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1974-2009"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1974-2009"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Printed Materials, 1974-2009"],"text":["Printed Materials, 1974-2009","Dr. Edna Louise Saffy Papers, 1962-2013","Professional Documents, 1968-2009","Florida State College Jacksonville, 1968-2009","/repositories/3/archival_objects/7054","box 7","folder 10"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["b3e4025e67698b63bebebf69","b3e4025e67698b63bebebf69_aspace_57daf057b47f0440076555fec235f831","b3e4025e67698b63bebebf69_aspace_3cd5b886ca704e0ae069d46ff19fb411"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Dr. Edna Louise Saffy Papers, 1962-2013","Professional Documents, 1968-2009","Florida State College Jacksonville, 1968-2009"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Dr. Edna Louise Saffy Papers, 1962-2013","Professional Documents, 1968-2009","Florida State College Jacksonville, 1968-2009"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Subseries"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/3/archival_objects/7054"],"repository_ssim":["UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Dr. Edna Louise Saffy Papers, 1962-2013"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Sub-sub-series"],"level_ssim":["Sub-sub-series"],"sort_isi":57,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research by appointment only. Please contact \nlib-special@unf.edu to schedule an appointment."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Materials in the collection may be subject to copyright and are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accordance with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). Use of reproductions of copyrighted works in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement and be subject to the civil and criminal penalties of federal law. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for further information"],"date_range_isim":[1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009],"containers_ssim":["box 7","folder 10"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#0/components#9","_nest_parent_":"b3e4025e67698b63bebebf69_aspace_3cd5b886ca704e0ae069d46ff19fb411","_root_":"b3e4025e67698b63bebebf69","_version_":1870860599051681792,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:48:22.881Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"b3e4025e67698b63bebebf69","title_ssm":["Dr. Edna Louise Saffy Papers"],"title_tesim":["Dr. Edna Louise Saffy Papers"],"ead_ssi":"b3e4025e67698b63bebebf69","unitdate_ssm":["1962-2013"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1962-2013"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["2013.003","/repositories/3/resources/66"],"text":["2013.003","/repositories/3/resources/66","Dr. Edna Louise Saffy Papers, 1962-2013","Florida -- Politics and Government -- 20th century","Clinton, Bill, 1946 -- Presidential campaigns -- Florida","College teachers -- Florida -- Jacksonville (Fla.)","Democratic Party (Fla.)","Human rights workers -- Florida -- Jacksonville (Fla.)","Political activists -- Florida -- Jacksonville (Fla.)","Women's rights -- Florida","The collection is open for research by appointment only. Please contact \nlib-special@unf.edu to schedule an appointment.","\tDr. Edna Louise Saffy, human rights advocate and Jacksonville native was born on March 9, 1935. She attended college at the University of Florida where she received several degrees, including the Master's and Doctorate of Philosophy degrees. She was a professor of Rhetoric and Public Address at University of Florida and Florida State College at Jacksonville, where she was elected Professor Emeritus following her retirement in December 2007. ","\nDr. Saffy was a founder of the National Organization for Women chapters in Jacksonville and Gainesville, as well as founder of the Jacksonville Women's Network. She was named \"A Woman of Courage and Vision\" by the Mayor's Commission on the Status of Women and the recipient of a Lifetime EVE Award by the Florida Times Union.\n    \n    As a humanitarian and activist, she served on numerous local, state, and national committees, including the John F. Kennedy Center Committee for the Performing Arts during the Clinton Administration, the Advisory Committee on LaVilla Cultural Heritage District, American Arab Institute, Duval County Democratic Executive Committee, and the Jacksonville Human Rights Commission. \n    \n    Dr. Saffy was also politically active. She led a 1975 march in Tallahassee in support of the Equal Rights Amendment. She served as a Florida delegate to the International Women's Conference and as a Florida State delegate in six Democratic National Conventions. She was also the president of the Florida Women's Political Caucus. Dr. Saffy died June 20, 2010.","This collection contains awards, correspondence, memorabilia, printed materials, photographs, personal papers, and writings. Many printed materials and photographs relate to politics and political activism. There are numerous photographs and newspaper clippings, as well as Dr. Saffy's dissertation. The collection contains many memorabilia items, particularly from various political events, and there are two large portraits of Dr. Edna Louise Saffy.","Materials in the collection may be subject to copyright and are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accordance with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). Use of reproductions of copyrighted works in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement and be subject to the civil and criminal penalties of federal law. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for further information","UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives","English"],"unitid_tesim":["2013.003","/repositories/3/resources/66"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1962-2013"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Dr. Edna Louise Saffy Papers, 1962-2013"],"collection_title_tesim":["Dr. Edna Louise Saffy Papers, 1962-2013"],"collection_ssim":["Dr. Edna Louise Saffy Papers, 1962-2013"],"repository_ssm":["UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives"],"repository_ssim":["UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Florida -- Politics and Government -- 20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Florida -- Politics and Government -- 20th century"],"places_ssim":["Florida -- Politics and Government -- 20th century"],"access_terms_ssm":["Materials in the collection may be subject to copyright and are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accordance with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). Use of reproductions of copyrighted works in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement and be subject to the civil and criminal penalties of federal law. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for further information"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was acquired through donation from Dr. Grady Johnson, 2013."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Clinton, Bill, 1946 -- Presidential campaigns -- Florida","College teachers -- Florida -- Jacksonville (Fla.)","Democratic Party (Fla.)","Human rights workers -- Florida -- Jacksonville (Fla.)","Political activists -- Florida -- Jacksonville (Fla.)","Women's rights -- Florida"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Clinton, Bill, 1946 -- Presidential campaigns -- Florida","College teachers -- Florida -- Jacksonville (Fla.)","Democratic Party (Fla.)","Human rights workers -- Florida -- Jacksonville (Fla.)","Political activists -- Florida -- Jacksonville (Fla.)","Women's rights -- Florida"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["36.00 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["36.00 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research by appointment only. Please contact \nlib-special@unf.edu to schedule an appointment.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research by appointment only. Please contact \nlib-special@unf.edu to schedule an appointment."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\tDr. Edna Louise Saffy, human rights advocate and Jacksonville native was born on March 9, 1935. She attended college at the University of Florida where she received several degrees, including the Master's and Doctorate of Philosophy degrees. She was a professor of Rhetoric and Public Address at University of Florida and Florida State College at Jacksonville, where she was elected Professor Emeritus following her retirement in December 2007. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nDr. Saffy was a founder of the National Organization for Women chapters in Jacksonville and Gainesville, as well as founder of the Jacksonville Women's Network. She was named \"A Woman of Courage and Vision\" by the Mayor's Commission on the Status of Women and the recipient of a Lifetime EVE Award by the Florida Times Union.\n    \n    As a humanitarian and activist, she served on numerous local, state, and national committees, including the John F. Kennedy Center Committee for the Performing Arts during the Clinton Administration, the Advisory Committee on LaVilla Cultural Heritage District, American Arab Institute, Duval County Democratic Executive Committee, and the Jacksonville Human Rights Commission. \n    \n    Dr. Saffy was also politically active. She led a 1975 march in Tallahassee in support of the Equal Rights Amendment. She served as a Florida delegate to the International Women's Conference and as a Florida State delegate in six Democratic National Conventions. She was also the president of the Florida Women's Political Caucus. Dr. Saffy died June 20, 2010.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["\tDr. Edna Louise Saffy, human rights advocate and Jacksonville native was born on March 9, 1935. She attended college at the University of Florida where she received several degrees, including the Master's and Doctorate of Philosophy degrees. She was a professor of Rhetoric and Public Address at University of Florida and Florida State College at Jacksonville, where she was elected Professor Emeritus following her retirement in December 2007. ","\nDr. Saffy was a founder of the National Organization for Women chapters in Jacksonville and Gainesville, as well as founder of the Jacksonville Women's Network. She was named \"A Woman of Courage and Vision\" by the Mayor's Commission on the Status of Women and the recipient of a Lifetime EVE Award by the Florida Times Union.\n    \n    As a humanitarian and activist, she served on numerous local, state, and national committees, including the John F. Kennedy Center Committee for the Performing Arts during the Clinton Administration, the Advisory Committee on LaVilla Cultural Heritage District, American Arab Institute, Duval County Democratic Executive Committee, and the Jacksonville Human Rights Commission. \n    \n    Dr. Saffy was also politically active. She led a 1975 march in Tallahassee in support of the Equal Rights Amendment. She served as a Florida delegate to the International Women's Conference and as a Florida State delegate in six Democratic National Conventions. She was also the president of the Florida Women's Political Caucus. Dr. Saffy died June 20, 2010."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDr. Edna Louise Saffy Papers, Thomas G. Carpenter Library, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Dr. Edna Louise Saffy Papers, Thomas G. Carpenter Library, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains awards, correspondence, memorabilia, printed materials, photographs, personal papers, and writings. Many printed materials and photographs relate to politics and political activism. There are numerous photographs and newspaper clippings, as well as Dr. Saffy's dissertation. The collection contains many memorabilia items, particularly from various political events, and there are two large portraits of Dr. Edna Louise Saffy.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains awards, correspondence, memorabilia, printed materials, photographs, personal papers, and writings. Many printed materials and photographs relate to politics and political activism. There are numerous photographs and newspaper clippings, as well as Dr. Saffy's dissertation. The collection contains many memorabilia items, particularly from various political events, and there are two large portraits of Dr. Edna Louise Saffy."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in the collection may be subject to copyright and are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accordance with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). Use of reproductions of copyrighted works in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement and be subject to the civil and criminal penalties of federal law. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for further information\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials in the collection may be subject to copyright and are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accordance with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). Use of reproductions of copyrighted works in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement and be subject to the civil and criminal penalties of federal law. 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General printed materials include Broward County organization materials from Broward County Society for Crippled Children and Adults, Broward General Medical Center newsletter \"Bugle\", Democratic Women's Club of Broward County, Miss Polish-American Beauty Contest in Fort Lauderdale, Order of the Eastern Star Fort Lauderdale Chapter, Bible Conference Grounds in Boca Raton, and Voters for Better Schools. Easter Lily Gates collected other items such as a Broward County General Election sample ballot, Chinese and Arabic business cards, Florida election laws and pamphlets, the Florida Sheriff yearbook of 1954, a pamphlet on Dr. Ira Lee Eshleman, presidential election information booklets from 1960 to 1964, and travel brochures. \u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/fcab20b88f8ed86bfbd56dc2_aspace_021200e575e98dc61956719ecac93400#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_021200e575e98dc61956719ecac93400","ref_ssm":["aspace_021200e575e98dc61956719ecac93400","aspace_021200e575e98dc61956719ecac93400"],"id":"fcab20b88f8ed86bfbd56dc2_aspace_021200e575e98dc61956719ecac93400","title_filing_ssi":"Printed Materials","title_ssm":["Printed Materials"],"title_tesim":["Printed Materials"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Circa 1920-1981"],"normalized_date_ssm":["Circa 1920-1981"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Printed Materials, Circa 1920-1981"],"text":["Printed Materials, Circa 1920-1981","Easter Lily Gates Collection, 1898-1982","/repositories/4/archival_objects/3593","Printed Materials contains brochures, maps, newspaper clippings, programs, and publications collected by or about Easter Lily Gates. General printed materials include Broward County organization materials from Broward County Society for Crippled Children and Adults, Broward General Medical Center newsletter \"Bugle\", Democratic Women's Club of Broward County, Miss Polish-American Beauty Contest in Fort Lauderdale, Order of the Eastern Star Fort Lauderdale Chapter, Bible Conference Grounds in Boca Raton, and Voters for Better Schools. Easter Lily Gates collected other items such as a Broward County General Election sample ballot, Chinese and Arabic business cards, Florida election laws and pamphlets, the Florida Sheriff yearbook of 1954, a pamphlet on Dr. Ira Lee Eshleman, presidential election information booklets from 1960 to 1964, and travel brochures. ","Maps depict cities in Broward County, Florida and voting precincts. Newspaper clippings cover Easter Lily Gates' career as Broward County Supervisor of Elections and her involvement in philanthropy such as the Lily Parade for Crippled Children.* Programs collected by Easter Lily Gates include concerts and plays she attended from 1940 to 1981. Publications include magazines and newsletters containing articles about Easter Lily Gates or her interests in christian missions and hats. ","The series is organized into five sub-series: general, maps, newspaper clippings, programs, and publications. Each sub-series is arranged alphabetically within."],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ids_ssim":["fcab20b88f8ed86bfbd56dc2"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Easter Lily Gates Collection, 1898-1982"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Easter Lily Gates Collection, 1898-1982"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/4/archival_objects/3593"],"repository_ssim":["Broward County Historical Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Easter Lily Gates Collection, 1898-1982"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":5,"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"sort_isi":377,"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The Easter Lily Gates Collection is open for research."],"date_range_isim":[1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePrinted Materials contains brochures, maps, newspaper clippings, programs, and publications collected by or about Easter Lily Gates. General printed materials include Broward County organization materials from Broward County Society for Crippled Children and Adults, Broward General Medical Center newsletter \"Bugle\", Democratic Women's Club of Broward County, Miss Polish-American Beauty Contest in Fort Lauderdale, Order of the Eastern Star Fort Lauderdale Chapter, Bible Conference Grounds in Boca Raton, and Voters for Better Schools. Easter Lily Gates collected other items such as a Broward County General Election sample ballot, Chinese and Arabic business cards, Florida election laws and pamphlets, the Florida Sheriff yearbook of 1954, a pamphlet on Dr. Ira Lee Eshleman, presidential election information booklets from 1960 to 1964, and travel brochures. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaps depict cities in Broward County, Florida and voting precincts. Newspaper clippings cover Easter Lily Gates' career as Broward County Supervisor of Elections and her involvement in philanthropy such as the Lily Parade for Crippled Children.* Programs collected by Easter Lily Gates include concerts and plays she attended from 1940 to 1981. Publications include magazines and newsletters containing articles about Easter Lily Gates or her interests in christian missions and hats. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe series is organized into five sub-series: general, maps, newspaper clippings, programs, and publications. Each sub-series is arranged alphabetically within.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Printed Materials contains brochures, maps, newspaper clippings, programs, and publications collected by or about Easter Lily Gates. General printed materials include Broward County organization materials from Broward County Society for Crippled Children and Adults, Broward General Medical Center newsletter \"Bugle\", Democratic Women's Club of Broward County, Miss Polish-American Beauty Contest in Fort Lauderdale, Order of the Eastern Star Fort Lauderdale Chapter, Bible Conference Grounds in Boca Raton, and Voters for Better Schools. Easter Lily Gates collected other items such as a Broward County General Election sample ballot, Chinese and Arabic business cards, Florida election laws and pamphlets, the Florida Sheriff yearbook of 1954, a pamphlet on Dr. Ira Lee Eshleman, presidential election information booklets from 1960 to 1964, and travel brochures. ","Maps depict cities in Broward County, Florida and voting precincts. Newspaper clippings cover Easter Lily Gates' career as Broward County Supervisor of Elections and her involvement in philanthropy such as the Lily Parade for Crippled Children.* Programs collected by Easter Lily Gates include concerts and plays she attended from 1940 to 1981. Publications include magazines and newsletters containing articles about Easter Lily Gates or her interests in christian missions and hats. ","The series is organized into five sub-series: general, maps, newspaper clippings, programs, and publications. Each sub-series is arranged alphabetically within."],"_nest_path_":"/components#3","_nest_parent_":"fcab20b88f8ed86bfbd56dc2","_root_":"fcab20b88f8ed86bfbd56dc2","_version_":1875370525482549248,"timestamp":"2026-09-04T03:31:43.893Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"fcab20b88f8ed86bfbd56dc2","title_filing_ssi":"Gates, Easter Lily Collection","title_ssm":["Easter Lily Gates Collection"],"title_tesim":["Easter Lily Gates Collection"],"ead_ssi":"fcab20b88f8ed86bfbd56dc2","unitdate_ssm":["1898-1982"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1898-1982"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["BCHA.2021.1","/repositories/4/resources/179"],"text":["BCHA.2021.1","/repositories/4/resources/179","Easter Lily Gates Collection, 1898-1982","Broward County (Fla.)","Gates, Easter Lily, 1889-1985 -- Correspondence","Broward County (Fla.). Board of County Commissioners","Voter registration -- Florida -- Broward County","Voting -- Florida -- Broward County","Elections -- Florida -- Broward County","Photographs","Hats","Programs","Maps","Certificates","The collection is arranged into 6 series: Series I. Correspondence, Series II. Professional Papers, Series III. Personal Papers, Series IV. Printed Materials, Series V. Awards, and Series VI. Ephemera.","Easter Lily Biblo Gates was born on April 21, 1889, in Des Moines, Iowa to parents Elijah and Etta Biblo. Easter Lily Gates travelled west with her family by covered wagon to Utah and Nevada. She made hats as a store clerk at 17 years old. On January 20, 1910, she married George Peter Gates.","Easter and George Gates moved to Fort Lauderdale, Florida in 1918. They had two sons named Robert and Theodore. In 1926, Easter Lily saved her family in a severe hurricane by carrying her husband and two sons to the second floor of their home; they lost everything they owned and two weeks later her husband died from anemia. To provide for her children, Gates became Broward County's first female bus driver. In 1928, she ran for and won the  Supervisor of Elections job.  She maintained this position for 40 years, from 1929 to 1969. Easter Lily Gates registered Broward County's first Seminole and African-American voters.","Easter Lily Gates retired in 1969 at 80 years old. At 92 years old, she moved to Tampa, Florida and Thomasville, Georgia to live with her sons. Easter Lily Gates entered a nursing home in Tampa before her death. She died in February 1985.","This collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection.","View a selection of digitized materials from the Easter Lily Gates Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives.","The Easter Lily Gates Collection contains correspondence, photographs, printed materials, maps, prayer books, awards, political and election materials documenting the professional and personal life of Easter Lily Gates.","The Easter Lily Gates Collection is open for research."," Broward County Historical Archives","English"],"unitid_tesim":["BCHA.2021.1","/repositories/4/resources/179"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1898-1982"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Easter Lily Gates Collection, 1898-1982"],"collection_title_tesim":["Easter Lily Gates Collection, 1898-1982"],"collection_ssim":["Easter Lily Gates Collection, 1898-1982"],"repository_ssm":["Broward County Historical Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Broward County Historical Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Broward County (Fla.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Broward County (Fla.)"],"places_ssim":["Broward County (Fla.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The Easter Lily Gates Collection is open for research."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Gates, Easter Lily, 1889-1985 -- Correspondence","Broward County (Fla.). Board of County Commissioners","Voter registration -- Florida -- Broward County","Voting -- Florida -- Broward County","Elections -- Florida -- Broward County","Photographs","Hats","Programs","Maps","Certificates"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Gates, Easter Lily, 1889-1985 -- Correspondence","Broward County (Fla.). Board of County Commissioners","Voter registration -- Florida -- Broward County","Voting -- Florida -- Broward County","Elections -- Florida -- Broward County","Photographs","Hats","Programs","Maps","Certificates"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["33 Hollinger Boxes"],"extent_tesim":["33 Hollinger Boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs","Hats","Programs","Maps","Certificates"],"date_range_isim":[1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into 6 series: Series I. Correspondence, Series II. Professional Papers, Series III. Personal Papers, Series IV. Printed Materials, Series V. Awards, and Series VI. Ephemera.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into 6 series: Series I. Correspondence, Series II. Professional Papers, Series III. Personal Papers, Series IV. Printed Materials, Series V. Awards, and Series VI. Ephemera."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEaster Lily Biblo Gates was born on April 21, 1889, in Des Moines, Iowa to parents Elijah and Etta Biblo. Easter Lily Gates travelled west with her family by covered wagon to Utah and Nevada. She made hats as a store clerk at 17 years old. On January 20, 1910, she married George Peter Gates.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEaster and George Gates moved to Fort Lauderdale, Florida in 1918. They had two sons named Robert and Theodore. In 1926, Easter Lily saved her family in a severe hurricane by carrying her husband and two sons to the second floor of their home; they lost everything they owned and two weeks later her husband died from anemia. To provide for her children, Gates became Broward County's first female bus driver. In 1928, she ran for and won the  Supervisor of Elections job.  She maintained this position for 40 years, from 1929 to 1969. Easter Lily Gates registered Broward County's first Seminole and African-American voters.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEaster Lily Gates retired in 1969 at 80 years old. At 92 years old, she moved to Tampa, Florida and Thomasville, Georgia to live with her sons. Easter Lily Gates entered a nursing home in Tampa before her death. She died in February 1985.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Easter Lily Biblo Gates was born on April 21, 1889, in Des Moines, Iowa to parents Elijah and Etta Biblo. Easter Lily Gates travelled west with her family by covered wagon to Utah and Nevada. She made hats as a store clerk at 17 years old. On January 20, 1910, she married George Peter Gates.","Easter and George Gates moved to Fort Lauderdale, Florida in 1918. They had two sons named Robert and Theodore. In 1926, Easter Lily saved her family in a severe hurricane by carrying her husband and two sons to the second floor of their home; they lost everything they owned and two weeks later her husband died from anemia. To provide for her children, Gates became Broward County's first female bus driver. In 1928, she ran for and won the  Supervisor of Elections job.  She maintained this position for 40 years, from 1929 to 1969. Easter Lily Gates registered Broward County's first Seminole and African-American voters.","Easter Lily Gates retired in 1969 at 80 years old. At 92 years old, she moved to Tampa, Florida and Thomasville, Georgia to live with her sons. Easter Lily Gates entered a nursing home in Tampa before her death. She died in February 1985."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEaster Lily Gates Collection, Broward County Historical Archives, Broward County Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Easter Lily Gates Collection, Broward County Historical Archives, Broward County Library."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://digitalarchives.broward.org/digital/collection/elgates/search\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eView a selection of digitized materials from the Easter Lily Gates Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Digital Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["View a selection of digitized materials from the Easter Lily Gates Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Easter Lily Gates Collection contains correspondence, photographs, printed materials, maps, prayer books, awards, political and election materials documenting the professional and personal life of Easter Lily Gates.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Easter Lily Gates Collection contains correspondence, photographs, printed materials, maps, prayer books, awards, political and election materials documenting the professional and personal life of Easter Lily Gates."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Easter Lily Gates Collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Easter Lily Gates Collection is open for research."],"names_ssim":[" Broward County Historical Archives"],"corpname_ssim":[" Broward County Historical Archives"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":501,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1875370525482549248,"_root_":"fcab20b88f8ed86bfbd56dc2","timestamp":"2026-09-04T03:31:43.893Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/fcab20b88f8ed86bfbd56dc2_aspace_021200e575e98dc61956719ecac93400"}},{"id":"f1098bbf9fbfeb8d23de54a0_aspace_46a16078eec2de3ed085fadfe9f0d2bf","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Printed Materials, Circa 1952-1992","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/f1098bbf9fbfeb8d23de54a0_aspace_46a16078eec2de3ed085fadfe9f0d2bf#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003ePrinted materials include documents about or collected by Michael Shaara. General papers and newspaper clippings contain Michael Shaara's book and article reviews, and his Pulitzer Prize award. Programs of events and publications discussing Michael Shaara and his works are also included.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/f1098bbf9fbfeb8d23de54a0_aspace_46a16078eec2de3ed085fadfe9f0d2bf#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_46a16078eec2de3ed085fadfe9f0d2bf","ref_ssm":["aspace_46a16078eec2de3ed085fadfe9f0d2bf","aspace_46a16078eec2de3ed085fadfe9f0d2bf"],"id":"f1098bbf9fbfeb8d23de54a0_aspace_46a16078eec2de3ed085fadfe9f0d2bf","title_filing_ssi":"Printed Materials","title_ssm":["Printed Materials"],"title_tesim":["Printed Materials"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Circa 1952-1992"],"normalized_date_ssm":["Circa 1952-1992"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Printed Materials, Circa 1952-1992"],"text":["Printed Materials, Circa 1952-1992","Michael Shaara Collection, Circa 1947-1990","/repositories/3/archival_objects/3438","Printed materials include documents about or collected by Michael Shaara. General papers and newspaper clippings contain Michael Shaara's book and article reviews, and his Pulitzer Prize award. Programs of events and publications discussing Michael Shaara and his works are also included.","The series is organized into four sub-series: General, Newspaper Clippings, Programs, and Publications. Each sub-series is organized alphabetically by title."],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ids_ssim":["f1098bbf9fbfeb8d23de54a0"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Michael Shaara Collection, Circa 1947-1990"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Michael Shaara Collection, Circa 1947-1990"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/3/archival_objects/3438"],"repository_ssim":["Bienes Museum of the Modern Book: The Dianne and Michael Bienes Special Collections and Rare Book Library"],"collection_ssim":["Michael Shaara Collection, Circa 1947-1990"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":4,"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"sort_isi":473,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The Michael Shaara Collection is open for research."],"date_range_isim":[1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePrinted materials include documents about or collected by Michael Shaara. General papers and newspaper clippings contain Michael Shaara's book and article reviews, and his Pulitzer Prize award. Programs of events and publications discussing Michael Shaara and his works are also included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe series is organized into four sub-series: General, Newspaper Clippings, Programs, and Publications. Each sub-series is organized alphabetically by title.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Printed materials include documents about or collected by Michael Shaara. General papers and newspaper clippings contain Michael Shaara's book and article reviews, and his Pulitzer Prize award. Programs of events and publications discussing Michael Shaara and his works are also included.","The series is organized into four sub-series: General, Newspaper Clippings, Programs, and Publications. Each sub-series is organized alphabetically by title."],"_nest_path_":"/components#7","_nest_parent_":"f1098bbf9fbfeb8d23de54a0","_root_":"f1098bbf9fbfeb8d23de54a0","_version_":1879174602967482368,"timestamp":"2026-10-16T03:15:54.887Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"f1098bbf9fbfeb8d23de54a0","title_filing_ssi":"Shaara, Michael Collection","title_ssm":["Michael Shaara Collection"],"title_tesim":["Michael Shaara Collection"],"ead_ssi":"f1098bbf9fbfeb8d23de54a0","unitdate_ssm":["Circa 1947-1990"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Circa 1947-1990"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["File","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["BIENES.2022.1","/repositories/3/resources/178"],"text":["BIENES.2022.1","/repositories/3/resources/178","Michael Shaara Collection, Circa 1947-1990","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Fiction","Shaara, Michael -- Correspondence","American literature","Historical fiction, American","Science fiction","Manuscripts","Short stories","Photographs","Clippings","The Michael Shaara Collection is open for research.","Related archival material can be found in the Denver Public Library, Western History/Genealogy Department, Denver, Colorado. Visit DenverLibrary.org for further information.","The Michael Shaara Collection contains eight series: Series I. Correspondence, Series II. Writings, Series III. Professional Papers, Series IV. Personal Papers, Series V. Financial and Legal Documents, Series VI. Photographs, Series VII. Awards, and Series VIII. Printed Materials.","Michael Shaara (1929-1988) was born on June 23, 1929 in Jersey City, N.J. to Michael Joseph Sr. and Allene Shaara. Michael Shaara graduated from Rutgers University with a bachelor's degree in 1951 and completed graduate studies at Columbia University (1952-1953) and University of Vermont (1953-1954). He began writing short stories in the 1950s after holding jobs as a paratrooper, merchant seaman, and police officer in St. Petersburg, Florida. In 1959, he was hired as an English instructor at Florida State University (FSU) and by 1968, became an Associate Professor. He taught English, literature and creative writing courses.","Michael Shaara wrote four novels and published more than 70 short stories in magazines including Cosmopolitan, Galaxy, Fantastic Universe, Playboy, Redbook, and the Saturday Evening Post. He began writing science fiction and fantasy genres for the popular pulp fiction magazines of the time and won several awards. Shaara received the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1975 for his novel \"The Killer Angels\". His other three novels are: \"The Broken Place\" (1968), \"The Noah Conspiracy\" (known as the \"Herald\", 1981), and \"For Love of the Game\" (1991). Two of his novels were made into films: television miniseries \"Gettysburg\", an adaptation of \"The Killer Angels\" and film \"For Love of the Game\" (1991) based on the novel of the same name. ","In 1965, Michael Shaara had his first major heart attack and wrote about the experience in an article published by the Saturday Evening Post. The article \"In the Midst of Life\" won an American Medical Association award for medical journalism. While teaching an FSU abroad program in Italy in 1972, he had a motorcycle accident. He was unconcious for weeks and suffered from a severe brain injury. Later he described this event in his story \"Brain Damage\". ","Michael Shaara married Helen Krumweide (1928-2016) on September 16, 1950, and had two children, Jeffrey and Lila Elise. Jeff Shaara wrote the novels \"Gods and Generals\" (1996) and \"The Last Full Measure\" (1998) which serve as as a prequel and sequel to \"The Killer Angels.\" Jeff Shaara continues to write novels.","This collection received file level processing. The finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection.","View a selection of digitized materials from the Michael Shaara Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives.","The Michael Shaara Collection contains manuscripts, correspondence, photographs, teaching lectures and notes, speeches, financial documents, personal papers, books, awards, programs, newspaper clippings, and publications collected by author Michael Shaara (1929-1988). Manuscripts and drafts include his four novels (\"The Killer Angels\", \"The Broken Place\", \"The Herald\", and \"For Love of the Game\") and short stories.","Bienes Museum of the Modern Book: The Dianne and Michael Bienes Special Collections and Rare Book Library","Florida State University. Department of English","Shaara, Michael","English"],"unitid_tesim":["BIENES.2022.1","/repositories/3/resources/178"],"normalized_date_ssm":["Circa 1947-1990"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Michael Shaara Collection, Circa 1947-1990"],"collection_title_tesim":["Michael Shaara Collection, Circa 1947-1990"],"collection_ssim":["Michael Shaara Collection, Circa 1947-1990"],"repository_ssm":["Bienes Museum of the Modern Book: The Dianne and Michael Bienes Special Collections and Rare Book Library"],"repository_ssim":["Bienes Museum of the Modern Book: The Dianne and Michael Bienes Special Collections and Rare Book Library"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Fiction"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Fiction"],"creator_ssm":["Shaara, Michael"],"creator_ssim":["Shaara, Michael"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Shaara, Michael"],"creators_ssim":["Shaara, Michael"],"places_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Fiction"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Helen Shaara donated the Michael Shaara Collection to the Bienes Museum of the Modern Book on October 15, 1998."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Shaara, Michael -- Correspondence","American literature","Historical fiction, American","Science fiction","Manuscripts","Short stories","Photographs","Clippings"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Shaara, Michael -- Correspondence","American literature","Historical fiction, American","Science fiction","Manuscripts","Short stories","Photographs","Clippings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["26 Hollinger Boxes"],"extent_tesim":["26 Hollinger Boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Manuscripts","Short stories","Photographs","Clippings"],"date_range_isim":[1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Michael Shaara Collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The Michael Shaara Collection is open for research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRelated archival material can be found in the Denver Public Library, Western History/Genealogy Department, Denver, Colorado. Visit DenverLibrary.org for further information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Related archival material can be found in the Denver Public Library, Western History/Genealogy Department, Denver, Colorado. Visit DenverLibrary.org for further information."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Michael Shaara Collection contains eight series: Series I. Correspondence, Series II. Writings, Series III. Professional Papers, Series IV. Personal Papers, Series V. Financial and Legal Documents, Series VI. Photographs, Series VII. Awards, and Series VIII. Printed Materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Michael Shaara Collection contains eight series: Series I. Correspondence, Series II. Writings, Series III. Professional Papers, Series IV. Personal Papers, Series V. Financial and Legal Documents, Series VI. Photographs, Series VII. Awards, and Series VIII. Printed Materials."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMichael Shaara (1929-1988) was born on June 23, 1929 in Jersey City, N.J. to Michael Joseph Sr. and Allene Shaara. Michael Shaara graduated from Rutgers University with a bachelor's degree in 1951 and completed graduate studies at Columbia University (1952-1953) and University of Vermont (1953-1954). He began writing short stories in the 1950s after holding jobs as a paratrooper, merchant seaman, and police officer in St. Petersburg, Florida. In 1959, he was hired as an English instructor at Florida State University (FSU) and by 1968, became an Associate Professor. He taught English, literature and creative writing courses.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMichael Shaara wrote four novels and published more than 70 short stories in magazines including Cosmopolitan, Galaxy, Fantastic Universe, Playboy, Redbook, and the Saturday Evening Post. He began writing science fiction and fantasy genres for the popular pulp fiction magazines of the time and won several awards. Shaara received the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1975 for his novel \"The Killer Angels\". His other three novels are: \"The Broken Place\" (1968), \"The Noah Conspiracy\" (known as the \"Herald\", 1981), and \"For Love of the Game\" (1991). Two of his novels were made into films: television miniseries \"Gettysburg\", an adaptation of \"The Killer Angels\" and film \"For Love of the Game\" (1991) based on the novel of the same name. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1965, Michael Shaara had his first major heart attack and wrote about the experience in an article published by the Saturday Evening Post. The article \"In the Midst of Life\" won an American Medical Association award for medical journalism. While teaching an FSU abroad program in Italy in 1972, he had a motorcycle accident. He was unconcious for weeks and suffered from a severe brain injury. Later he described this event in his story \"Brain Damage\". \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMichael Shaara married Helen Krumweide (1928-2016) on September 16, 1950, and had two children, Jeffrey and Lila Elise. Jeff Shaara wrote the novels \"Gods and Generals\" (1996) and \"The Last Full Measure\" (1998) which serve as as a prequel and sequel to \"The Killer Angels.\" Jeff Shaara continues to write novels.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Michael Shaara (1929-1988) was born on June 23, 1929 in Jersey City, N.J. to Michael Joseph Sr. and Allene Shaara. Michael Shaara graduated from Rutgers University with a bachelor's degree in 1951 and completed graduate studies at Columbia University (1952-1953) and University of Vermont (1953-1954). He began writing short stories in the 1950s after holding jobs as a paratrooper, merchant seaman, and police officer in St. Petersburg, Florida. In 1959, he was hired as an English instructor at Florida State University (FSU) and by 1968, became an Associate Professor. He taught English, literature and creative writing courses.","Michael Shaara wrote four novels and published more than 70 short stories in magazines including Cosmopolitan, Galaxy, Fantastic Universe, Playboy, Redbook, and the Saturday Evening Post. He began writing science fiction and fantasy genres for the popular pulp fiction magazines of the time and won several awards. Shaara received the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1975 for his novel \"The Killer Angels\". His other three novels are: \"The Broken Place\" (1968), \"The Noah Conspiracy\" (known as the \"Herald\", 1981), and \"For Love of the Game\" (1991). Two of his novels were made into films: television miniseries \"Gettysburg\", an adaptation of \"The Killer Angels\" and film \"For Love of the Game\" (1991) based on the novel of the same name. ","In 1965, Michael Shaara had his first major heart attack and wrote about the experience in an article published by the Saturday Evening Post. The article \"In the Midst of Life\" won an American Medical Association award for medical journalism. While teaching an FSU abroad program in Italy in 1972, he had a motorcycle accident. He was unconcious for weeks and suffered from a severe brain injury. Later he described this event in his story \"Brain Damage\". ","Michael Shaara married Helen Krumweide (1928-2016) on September 16, 1950, and had two children, Jeffrey and Lila Elise. Jeff Shaara wrote the novels \"Gods and Generals\" (1996) and \"The Last Full Measure\" (1998) which serve as as a prequel and sequel to \"The Killer Angels.\" Jeff Shaara continues to write novels."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMichael Shaara Collection, Bienes Museum of the Modern Book, Broward County Library\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Michael Shaara Collection, Bienes Museum of the Modern Book, Broward County Library"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection received file level processing. The finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This collection received file level processing. The finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://digitalarchives.broward.org/digital/collection/michaelshaara\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eView a selection of digitized materials from the Michael Shaara Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Digital Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["View a selection of digitized materials from the Michael Shaara Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Michael Shaara Collection contains manuscripts, correspondence, photographs, teaching lectures and notes, speeches, financial documents, personal papers, books, awards, programs, newspaper clippings, and publications collected by author Michael Shaara (1929-1988). Manuscripts and drafts include his four novels (\"The Killer Angels\", \"The Broken Place\", \"The Herald\", and \"For Love of the Game\") and short stories.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Michael Shaara Collection contains manuscripts, correspondence, photographs, teaching lectures and notes, speeches, financial documents, personal papers, books, awards, programs, newspaper clippings, and publications collected by author Michael Shaara (1929-1988). Manuscripts and drafts include his four novels (\"The Killer Angels\", \"The Broken Place\", \"The Herald\", and \"For Love of the Game\") and short stories."],"names_coll_ssim":["Florida State University. Department of English"],"names_ssim":["Bienes Museum of the Modern Book: The Dianne and Michael Bienes Special Collections and Rare Book Library","Florida State University. Department of English","Shaara, Michael"],"corpname_ssim":["Bienes Museum of the Modern Book: The Dianne and Michael Bienes Special Collections and Rare Book Library","Florida State University. Department of English"],"persname_ssim":["Shaara, Michael"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":551,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1879174602967482368,"_root_":"f1098bbf9fbfeb8d23de54a0","timestamp":"2026-10-16T03:15:54.887Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/f1098bbf9fbfeb8d23de54a0_aspace_46a16078eec2de3ed085fadfe9f0d2bf"}},{"id":"d708aa3104bd5d4ccbcc4efd_aspace_0423abd5d3f08576a05189e1c8dfbc86","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Printed Materials, Circa 1973-1990","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/d708aa3104bd5d4ccbcc4efd_aspace_0423abd5d3f08576a05189e1c8dfbc86#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003ePrinted materials contains works and printed ephemera about and collected by Alex Haley. Materials include articles, newspaper clippings, newsletters, magazines and magazine covers, brochures, and programs, as well as materials on \"Roots\" book and television mini-series. The series is organized alphabetically by title. Oversize materials are housed separately in an oversized box.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/d708aa3104bd5d4ccbcc4efd_aspace_0423abd5d3f08576a05189e1c8dfbc86#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_0423abd5d3f08576a05189e1c8dfbc86","ref_ssm":["aspace_0423abd5d3f08576a05189e1c8dfbc86","aspace_0423abd5d3f08576a05189e1c8dfbc86"],"id":"d708aa3104bd5d4ccbcc4efd_aspace_0423abd5d3f08576a05189e1c8dfbc86","title_filing_ssi":"Printed Materials","title_ssm":["Printed Materials"],"title_tesim":["Printed Materials"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Circa 1973-1990"],"normalized_date_ssm":["Circa 1973-1990"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Printed Materials, Circa 1973-1990"],"text":["Printed Materials, Circa 1973-1990","Alex Haley Papers, Circa 1937-1993","/repositories/2/archival_objects/1530","Printed materials contains works and printed ephemera about and collected by Alex Haley. Materials include articles, newspaper clippings, newsletters, magazines and magazine covers, brochures, and programs, as well as materials on \"Roots\" book and television mini-series. The series is organized alphabetically by title. Oversize materials are housed separately in an oversized box."],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ids_ssim":["d708aa3104bd5d4ccbcc4efd"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Alex Haley Papers, Circa 1937-1993"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Alex Haley Papers, Circa 1937-1993"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/2/archival_objects/1530"],"repository_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Alex Haley Papers, Circa 1937-1993"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":90,"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"sort_isi":554,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The Alex Haley Papers are open for research."],"date_range_isim":[1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePrinted materials contains works and printed ephemera about and collected by Alex Haley. Materials include articles, newspaper clippings, newsletters, magazines and magazine covers, brochures, and programs, as well as materials on \"Roots\" book and television mini-series. The series is organized alphabetically by title. Oversize materials are housed separately in an oversized box.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Printed materials contains works and printed ephemera about and collected by Alex Haley. Materials include articles, newspaper clippings, newsletters, magazines and magazine covers, brochures, and programs, as well as materials on \"Roots\" book and television mini-series. The series is organized alphabetically by title. Oversize materials are housed separately in an oversized box."],"_nest_path_":"/components#7","_nest_parent_":"d708aa3104bd5d4ccbcc4efd","_root_":"d708aa3104bd5d4ccbcc4efd","_version_":1876455837540548608,"timestamp":"2026-09-16T03:02:18.127Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"d708aa3104bd5d4ccbcc4efd","title_filing_ssi":"Haley, Alex Papers","title_ssm":["Alex Haley Papers"],"title_tesim":["Alex Haley Papers"],"ead_ssi":"d708aa3104bd5d4ccbcc4efd","unitdate_ssm":["Circa 1937-1993"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Circa 1937-1993"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["File","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["AARLCC.2004.3","/repositories/2/resources/46"],"text":["AARLCC.2004.3","/repositories/2/resources/46","Alex Haley Papers, Circa 1937-1993","Gambia","African American authors","American literature","financial records","Correspondence","Photographs","Programs","Clippings","Sound recordings","The Alex Haley Papers are open for research.","The collection is organized in nine series: Series I. Correspondence, Series II. Writings by Alex Haley, Series III. Writings by Others, Series IV. Professional Papers, Series V: Personal Papers, Series VI: Photographs, Series VII. Business Files, Series VIII. Printed Materials, and Series IX. Awards.","Alex Murray Palmer Haley was born on August 11, 1921 in Ithaca, New York. He lived with his maternal grandmother in Henning, Tennessee. As a young adult, Haley entered the U.S. Coast Guard in 1939 and was in active service for 20 years. He began his career in writing by composing his shipmates' love letters to their sweethearts.During this time Haley created  \"The Seafarer\", which became the official Coast Guard newsletter. Haley later attained the title of Chief Petty Officer which he kept until his retirement and was the first  Chief Journalist in the Coast Guard, the rating having been expressly created for him in recognition of his literary ability.","After his time in the service, Haley became a journalist and wrote for the Saturday Evening Post, Readers' Digest and Playboy Magazine. He interviewed notable figures such as Muhammad Ali, Martin Luther King Jr., Miles Davis, and the head of the Nazi American Party, George Lincoln Rockwell, in 1962. His interview of Malcolm X was followed by the book The Autobiography of Malcolm X in 1965.","While growing up in Tennessee, Haley's childhood was filled with stories of his African ancestor, Kunta Kinte, and how he came to the United States.  It was from these oral histories that Haley decided to research his African roots. Haley succeeded in locating the origin of Kunta Kinte, in the village of Juffure in Gambia.","Haley spent years of research to complete the book ROOTS: The Saga of an American Family in 1976. The book describes Haley's ancestors coming from Africa to North America as slaves and their descendants. ROOTS gained Haley international success, he won a Pulitzer Prize, and the book was printed in countless languages and sold around the world. In 1977 ROOTS the mini-series was the third highest rated television program of all time, and generated an increasing interest in genealogical research throughout the United States.","This collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection.\n Books and vinyl records from this collection were cataloged in the Broward County Library catalog with the prefix \"HAL\".","Select materials from the Alex Haley Papers are available on the Broward County Library Digital Archives.","The Alex Haley papers consists of manuscripts including those from his time with the Saturday Evening Post, Boy's Life Magazine and  Kiwanis Magazine; correspondence, photographs, newspaper clippings, business files, awards, and other materials documenting Alex Haley's literary career. The papers also include fan mail during the popularity of the book and the subsequent television series \"Roots\", and photographs in Gambia.","AARLCC Special Collections","United States. Coast Guard","Haley, Alex","Haley, Alex. Roots","Wonder, Stevie","English"],"unitid_tesim":["AARLCC.2004.3","/repositories/2/resources/46"],"normalized_date_ssm":["Circa 1937-1993"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alex Haley Papers, Circa 1937-1993"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alex Haley Papers, Circa 1937-1993"],"collection_ssim":["Alex Haley Papers, Circa 1937-1993"],"repository_ssm":["AARLCC Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Gambia"],"geogname_ssim":["Gambia"],"creator_ssm":["Haley, Alex"],"creator_ssim":["Haley, Alex"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Haley, Alex"],"creators_ssim":["Haley, Alex"],"places_ssim":["Gambia"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Alex Haley Papers was purchased by Broward County Library on September 26, 2001 from the Heritage Book Shop Inc. The Heritage Bindery acquired the papers from the Alex Haley estate auction in 1992."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African American authors","American literature","financial records","Correspondence","Photographs","Programs","Clippings","Sound recordings"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African American authors","American literature","financial records","Correspondence","Photographs","Programs","Clippings","Sound recordings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["45 Hollinger Boxes","17 Books","2 Vinyl records"],"extent_tesim":["45 Hollinger Boxes","17 Books","2 Vinyl records"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Photographs","Programs","Clippings","Sound recordings"],"date_range_isim":[1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Alex Haley Papers are open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The Alex Haley Papers are open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized in nine series: Series I. Correspondence, Series II. Writings by Alex Haley, Series III. Writings by Others, Series IV. Professional Papers, Series V: Personal Papers, Series VI: Photographs, Series VII. Business Files, Series VIII. Printed Materials, and Series IX. Awards.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized in nine series: Series I. Correspondence, Series II. Writings by Alex Haley, Series III. Writings by Others, Series IV. Professional Papers, Series V: Personal Papers, Series VI: Photographs, Series VII. Business Files, Series VIII. Printed Materials, and Series IX. Awards."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlex Murray Palmer Haley was born on August 11, 1921 in Ithaca, New York. He lived with his maternal grandmother in Henning, Tennessee. As a young adult, Haley entered the U.S. Coast Guard in 1939 and was in active service for 20 years. He began his career in writing by composing his shipmates' love letters to their sweethearts.During this time Haley created  \"The Seafarer\", which became the official Coast Guard newsletter. Haley later attained the title of Chief Petty Officer which he kept until his retirement and was the first  Chief Journalist in the Coast Guard, the rating having been expressly created for him in recognition of his literary ability.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter his time in the service, Haley became a journalist and wrote for the Saturday Evening Post, Readers' Digest and Playboy Magazine. He interviewed notable figures such as Muhammad Ali, Martin Luther King Jr., Miles Davis, and the head of the Nazi American Party, George Lincoln Rockwell, in 1962. His interview of Malcolm X was followed by the book The Autobiography of Malcolm X in 1965.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhile growing up in Tennessee, Haley's childhood was filled with stories of his African ancestor, Kunta Kinte, and how he came to the United States.  It was from these oral histories that Haley decided to research his African roots. Haley succeeded in locating the origin of Kunta Kinte, in the village of Juffure in Gambia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHaley spent years of research to complete the book ROOTS: The Saga of an American Family in 1976. The book describes Haley's ancestors coming from Africa to North America as slaves and their descendants. ROOTS gained Haley international success, he won a Pulitzer Prize, and the book was printed in countless languages and sold around the world. In 1977 ROOTS the mini-series was the third highest rated television program of all time, and generated an increasing interest in genealogical research throughout the United States.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Alex Murray Palmer Haley was born on August 11, 1921 in Ithaca, New York. He lived with his maternal grandmother in Henning, Tennessee. As a young adult, Haley entered the U.S. Coast Guard in 1939 and was in active service for 20 years. He began his career in writing by composing his shipmates' love letters to their sweethearts.During this time Haley created  \"The Seafarer\", which became the official Coast Guard newsletter. Haley later attained the title of Chief Petty Officer which he kept until his retirement and was the first  Chief Journalist in the Coast Guard, the rating having been expressly created for him in recognition of his literary ability.","After his time in the service, Haley became a journalist and wrote for the Saturday Evening Post, Readers' Digest and Playboy Magazine. He interviewed notable figures such as Muhammad Ali, Martin Luther King Jr., Miles Davis, and the head of the Nazi American Party, George Lincoln Rockwell, in 1962. His interview of Malcolm X was followed by the book The Autobiography of Malcolm X in 1965.","While growing up in Tennessee, Haley's childhood was filled with stories of his African ancestor, Kunta Kinte, and how he came to the United States.  It was from these oral histories that Haley decided to research his African roots. Haley succeeded in locating the origin of Kunta Kinte, in the village of Juffure in Gambia.","Haley spent years of research to complete the book ROOTS: The Saga of an American Family in 1976. The book describes Haley's ancestors coming from Africa to North America as slaves and their descendants. ROOTS gained Haley international success, he won a Pulitzer Prize, and the book was printed in countless languages and sold around the world. In 1977 ROOTS the mini-series was the third highest rated television program of all time, and generated an increasing interest in genealogical research throughout the United States."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlex Haley Papers, African-American Research Library and Cultural Center, Broward County Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Alex Haley Papers, African-American Research Library and Cultural Center, Broward County Library."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection.\n\u003ca href=\"https://broward.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBooks and vinyl records from this collection were cataloged in the Broward County Library catalog with the prefix \"HAL\".\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection.\n Books and vinyl records from this collection were cataloged in the Broward County Library catalog with the prefix \"HAL\"."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://digitalarchives.broward.org/digital/collection/alexhaley\"\u003eSelect materials from the Alex Haley Papers are available on the Broward County Library Digital Archives.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Digital Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Select materials from the Alex Haley Papers are available on the Broward County Library Digital Archives."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Alex Haley papers consists of manuscripts including those from his time with the Saturday Evening Post, Boy's Life Magazine and  Kiwanis Magazine; correspondence, photographs, newspaper clippings, business files, awards, and other materials documenting Alex Haley's literary career. The papers also include fan mail during the popularity of the book and the subsequent television series \"Roots\", and photographs in Gambia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Alex Haley papers consists of manuscripts including those from his time with the Saturday Evening Post, Boy's Life Magazine and  Kiwanis Magazine; correspondence, photographs, newspaper clippings, business files, awards, and other materials documenting Alex Haley's literary career. The papers also include fan mail during the popularity of the book and the subsequent television series \"Roots\", and photographs in Gambia."],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Coast Guard","Haley, Alex. Roots","Wonder, Stevie"],"names_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections","United States. Coast Guard","Haley, Alex","Haley, Alex. Roots","Wonder, Stevie"],"corpname_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections","United States. Coast Guard"],"persname_ssim":["Haley, Alex","Haley, Alex. Roots","Wonder, Stevie"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":647,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1876455837540548608,"_root_":"d708aa3104bd5d4ccbcc4efd","timestamp":"2026-09-16T03:02:18.127Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/d708aa3104bd5d4ccbcc4efd_aspace_0423abd5d3f08576a05189e1c8dfbc86"}},{"id":"02cd26035df6acadb7c20eca_aspace_ab01ec954a4213d5acae47603787f007","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Printed Matter—Publications \u0026 Patents, USDA, Vol. III, 1975","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/02cd26035df6acadb7c20eca_aspace_ab01ec954a4213d5acae47603787f007#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_ab01ec954a4213d5acae47603787f007","ref_ssm":["aspace_ab01ec954a4213d5acae47603787f007","aspace_ab01ec954a4213d5acae47603787f007"],"id":"02cd26035df6acadb7c20eca_aspace_ab01ec954a4213d5acae47603787f007","title_filing_ssi":"Printed Matter—Publications \u0026 Patents, USDA, Vol. III","title_ssm":["Printed Matter—Publications \u0026 Patents, USDA, Vol. III"],"title_tesim":["Printed Matter—Publications \u0026 Patents, USDA, Vol. III"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1975"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1975"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Printed Matter—Publications \u0026 Patents, USDA, Vol. III, 1975"],"text":["Printed Matter—Publications \u0026 Patents, USDA, Vol. III, 1975","Charles Julian Fussell Collection, 1950-2000","Box 2","/repositories/3/archival_objects/11550","folder 5"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["02cd26035df6acadb7c20eca","02cd26035df6acadb7c20eca_aspace_14e3a619d5fddcc1441de567e986bf36"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Charles Julian Fussell Collection, 1950-2000","Box 2"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Charles Julian Fussell Collection, 1950-2000","Box 2"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Box"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/3/archival_objects/11550"],"repository_ssim":["Thomas B. Mack Florida Citrus Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Charles Julian Fussell Collection, 1950-2000"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":18,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the archives' ability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials"],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The Charles Julian Fussell Collection is owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."],"date_range_isim":[1975],"containers_ssim":["folder 5"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#4","_nest_parent_":"02cd26035df6acadb7c20eca_aspace_14e3a619d5fddcc1441de567e986bf36","_root_":"02cd26035df6acadb7c20eca","timestamp":"2026-04-21T17:12:30.998Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"02cd26035df6acadb7c20eca","title_ssm":["Charles Julian Fussell Collection"],"title_tesim":["Charles Julian Fussell Collection"],"ead_ssi":"02cd26035df6acadb7c20eca","unitdate_ssm":["1950-2000"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1950-2000"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["CIT2030","/repositories/3/resources/31"],"text":["CIT2030","/repositories/3/resources/31","Charles Julian Fussell Collection, 1950-2000","Fussell, Charles Julian","Inventors--Florida--Biography","Businesspeople--Florida--Biography","Citrus fruit industry--Florida--History--20th century","Citrus fruit industry--Florida--Marketing","Dairy products--Florida","School children--Nutrition--Florida","Lykes Brothers Inc.--History","Florida Department of Citrus--History","Orange juice industry--Florida","Juice industry--Florida","Trade literature--Florida","Clippings (Books, newspapers, etc.)","Correspondence.","Reports","This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the archives' ability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials","The materials in this collection are aranged alphabetically and chronologically.","Charles Julian Fussell was a native of Polk County, Florida. For many years he was a sales executive for Lykes Brothers. However, he was best known as the inventor of Orange Scream, a citrus-based milk product developed for school children. Fussell had racked up a series of merchandising successes at Lykes. These included the distribution in schools of such orange juice products as Icy Bird, \"the frozen treat that's neat to eat.\" He figured a blend of orange juice and milk would be even more successful. As a liquid, it would provide\na nutritious alternative to soft drinks and chocolate milk. Frozen, it would be healthier than artificially flavored treats. And it could also be vended as a whipped treat. Unfortunately, citrus juice curdles milk, which prompted him to work with his chemists to find a solution. A test marketing program in the late 1990s went well, prompting Dairy Foods magazine to boast that Orange Scream was \"changing the way consumers take their OJ and milk.\" In\n1999 the U.S. Department of Agriculture cleared the product for use in schools. However, it never made it to mass production. Fussell blames the disappearance of small dairies, which were gobbled up by national chains. \"We were depending on the small, independent dairy farmer,\" he said. Another reason: \"We ran out of money.\" In addition to his efforts to develop Orange Scream, Mr. Fussell worked as a real estate and citrus industry consultant. He was once married to an Irish singer. He graduated from the University of Florida and developed the Juice Bar at Cypress Gardens. He passed away on March 20, 2019, at the age of 92.","The materials in this collection reflect the invention and marketing of the Orange Scream snack product. Additional materials are related to Charles Julian Fussell's work as a citrus industry sales and marketing executive.","The Charles Julian Fussell Collection is owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).","Thomas B. Mack Florida Citrus Archives","Fussell, Charles Julian","English"],"unitid_tesim":["CIT2030","/repositories/3/resources/31"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1950-2000"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles Julian Fussell Collection, 1950-2000"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles Julian Fussell Collection, 1950-2000"],"collection_ssim":["Charles Julian Fussell Collection, 1950-2000"],"repository_ssm":["Thomas B. Mack Florida Citrus Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Thomas B. Mack Florida Citrus Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Fussell, Charles Julian"],"creator_ssim":["Fussell, Charles Julian"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Fussell, Charles Julian"],"creators_ssim":["Fussell, Charles Julian"],"access_terms_ssm":["The Charles Julian Fussell Collection is owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["In is unknown when these materials were donated to the Thomas Mack Citrus Archives. The materials existed in the collection prior to the opening of the McKay Archives in 2009."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Fussell, Charles Julian","Inventors--Florida--Biography","Businesspeople--Florida--Biography","Citrus fruit industry--Florida--History--20th century","Citrus fruit industry--Florida--Marketing","Dairy products--Florida","School children--Nutrition--Florida","Lykes Brothers Inc.--History","Florida Department of Citrus--History","Orange juice industry--Florida","Juice industry--Florida","Trade literature--Florida","Clippings (Books, newspapers, etc.)","Correspondence.","Reports"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Fussell, Charles Julian","Inventors--Florida--Biography","Businesspeople--Florida--Biography","Citrus fruit industry--Florida--History--20th century","Citrus fruit industry--Florida--Marketing","Dairy products--Florida","School children--Nutrition--Florida","Lykes Brothers Inc.--History","Florida Department of Citrus--History","Orange juice industry--Florida","Juice industry--Florida","Trade literature--Florida","Clippings (Books, newspapers, etc.)","Correspondence.","Reports"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["1 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Trade literature--Florida","Clippings (Books, newspapers, etc.)","Correspondence.","Reports"],"date_range_isim":[1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the archives' ability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the archives' ability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this collection are aranged alphabetically and chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The materials in this collection are aranged alphabetically and chronologically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharles Julian Fussell was a native of Polk County, Florida. For many years he was a sales executive for Lykes Brothers. However, he was best known as the inventor of Orange Scream, a citrus-based milk product developed for school children. Fussell had racked up a series of merchandising successes at Lykes. These included the distribution in schools of such orange juice products as Icy Bird, \"the frozen treat that's neat to eat.\" He figured a blend of orange juice and milk would be even more successful. As a liquid, it would provide\na nutritious alternative to soft drinks and chocolate milk. Frozen, it would be healthier than artificially flavored treats. And it could also be vended as a whipped treat. Unfortunately, citrus juice curdles milk, which prompted him to work with his chemists to find a solution. A test marketing program in the late 1990s went well, prompting Dairy Foods magazine to boast that Orange Scream was \"changing the way consumers take their OJ and milk.\" In\n1999 the U.S. Department of Agriculture cleared the product for use in schools. However, it never made it to mass production. Fussell blames the disappearance of small dairies, which were gobbled up by national chains. \"We were depending on the small, independent dairy farmer,\" he said. Another reason: \"We ran out of money.\" In addition to his efforts to develop Orange Scream, Mr. Fussell worked as a real estate and citrus industry consultant. He was once married to an Irish singer. He graduated from the University of Florida and developed the Juice Bar at Cypress Gardens. He passed away on March 20, 2019, at the age of 92.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Charles Julian Fussell was a native of Polk County, Florida. For many years he was a sales executive for Lykes Brothers. However, he was best known as the inventor of Orange Scream, a citrus-based milk product developed for school children. Fussell had racked up a series of merchandising successes at Lykes. These included the distribution in schools of such orange juice products as Icy Bird, \"the frozen treat that's neat to eat.\" He figured a blend of orange juice and milk would be even more successful. As a liquid, it would provide\na nutritious alternative to soft drinks and chocolate milk. Frozen, it would be healthier than artificially flavored treats. And it could also be vended as a whipped treat. Unfortunately, citrus juice curdles milk, which prompted him to work with his chemists to find a solution. A test marketing program in the late 1990s went well, prompting Dairy Foods magazine to boast that Orange Scream was \"changing the way consumers take their OJ and milk.\" In\n1999 the U.S. Department of Agriculture cleared the product for use in schools. However, it never made it to mass production. Fussell blames the disappearance of small dairies, which were gobbled up by national chains. \"We were depending on the small, independent dairy farmer,\" he said. Another reason: \"We ran out of money.\" In addition to his efforts to develop Orange Scream, Mr. Fussell worked as a real estate and citrus industry consultant. He was once married to an Irish singer. He graduated from the University of Florida and developed the Juice Bar at Cypress Gardens. He passed away on March 20, 2019, at the age of 92."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this collection reflect the invention and marketing of the Orange Scream snack product. Additional materials are related to Charles Julian Fussell's work as a citrus industry sales and marketing executive.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The materials in this collection reflect the invention and marketing of the Orange Scream snack product. Additional materials are related to Charles Julian Fussell's work as a citrus industry sales and marketing executive."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Charles Julian Fussell Collection is owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Charles Julian Fussell Collection is owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."],"names_ssim":["Thomas B. Mack Florida Citrus Archives","Fussell, Charles Julian"],"corpname_ssim":["Thomas B. Mack Florida Citrus Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Fussell, Charles Julian"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":23,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"02cd26035df6acadb7c20eca","timestamp":"2026-04-21T17:12:30.998Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/02cd26035df6acadb7c20eca_aspace_ab01ec954a4213d5acae47603787f007"}},{"id":"b0c24783d0a2c2d9bb53d241_aspace_5a0397da361337bae5043b3d0080a3e0","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Printed Matter—Publications \u0026 Patents, USDA, Vol. III, 1975","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/b0c24783d0a2c2d9bb53d241_aspace_5a0397da361337bae5043b3d0080a3e0#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_5a0397da361337bae5043b3d0080a3e0","ref_ssm":["aspace_5a0397da361337bae5043b3d0080a3e0","aspace_5a0397da361337bae5043b3d0080a3e0"],"id":"b0c24783d0a2c2d9bb53d241_aspace_5a0397da361337bae5043b3d0080a3e0","title_filing_ssi":"Printed Matter—Publications \u0026 Patents, USDA, Vol. III","title_ssm":["Printed Matter—Publications \u0026 Patents, USDA, Vol. III"],"title_tesim":["Printed Matter—Publications \u0026 Patents, USDA, Vol. III"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1975"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1975"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Printed Matter—Publications \u0026 Patents, USDA, Vol. III, 1975"],"text":["Printed Matter—Publications \u0026 Patents, USDA, Vol. III, 1975","Charles Julian Fussell Collection, 1950s-2000s","Box 2","/repositories/2/archival_objects/14193","folder 5"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["b0c24783d0a2c2d9bb53d241","b0c24783d0a2c2d9bb53d241_aspace_8f6e342b76200669fd022c9d199cad25"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Charles Julian Fussell Collection, 1950s-2000s","Box 2"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Charles Julian Fussell Collection, 1950s-2000s","Box 2"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Box"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/2/archival_objects/14193"],"repository_ssim":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Charles Julian Fussell Collection, 1950s-2000s"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":18,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in\nadvance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection\nrestrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the archives'\nability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["he Charles Julian Fussell Collection is owned by Florida Southern College. This\ncollection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any\nway that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use.\nFor other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)"],"date_range_isim":[1975],"containers_ssim":["folder 5"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#4","_nest_parent_":"b0c24783d0a2c2d9bb53d241_aspace_8f6e342b76200669fd022c9d199cad25","_root_":"b0c24783d0a2c2d9bb53d241","timestamp":"2026-07-08T02:28:24.341Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"b0c24783d0a2c2d9bb53d241","title_ssm":["Charles Julian Fussell Collection"],"title_tesim":["Charles Julian Fussell Collection"],"ead_ssi":"b0c24783d0a2c2d9bb53d241","unitdate_ssm":["1950s-2000s"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1950s-2000s"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["CIT2030","/repositories/2/resources/79"],"text":["CIT2030","/repositories/2/resources/79","Charles Julian Fussell Collection, 1950s-2000s","This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in\nadvance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection\nrestrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the archives'\nability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials.","The materials in this collection are arranged alphabetically and by ascending date\norder.","Charles Julian Fussell was a native of Polk County, Florida. For many years he was a\nsales executive for Lykes Brothers. However, he was best known as the inventor of Orange\nScream, a citrus-based milk product developed for school children. Fussell had racked up\na series of merchandising successes at Lykes. These included the distribution in schools of\nsuch orange juice products as Icy Bird, \"the frozen treat that's neat to eat.\" He figured a\nblend of orange juice and milk would be even more successful. As a liquid, it would provide\na nutritious alternative to soft drinks and chocolate milk. Frozen, it would be healthier than\nartificially flavored treats. And it could also be vended as a whipped treat. Unfortunately,\ncitrus juice curdles milk, which prompted him to work with his chemists to find a solution.\nA test marketing program in the late 1990s went well, prompting Dairy Foods magazine to\nboast that Orange Scream was \"changing the way consumers take their OJ and milk.\" In\n1999 the U.S. Department of Agriculture cleared the product for use in schools. However, it\nnever made it to mass production. Fussell blames the disappearance of small dairies,\nwhich were gobbled up by national chains. \"We were depending on the small, independent\ndairy farmer,\" he said. Another reason: \"We ran out of money.\"\nIn addition to his efforts to develop Orange Scream, Mr. Fussell worked as a real\nestate and citrus industry consultant. He was once married to an Irish singer. He graduated\nfrom the University of Florida and developed the Juice Bar at Cypress Gardens. He passed\naway on March 20, 2019, at the age of 92.","Subject Headings (Library of Congress):\nOrange juice industry\nOrange juice\nCitrus fruits--research\nCitrus products\nCitrus fruit industry—By-products","The materials in this collection reflect the subject's invention and marketing of the\nOrange Scream snack product. Additional materials are related to his work as a citrus\nindustry sales and marketing executive.","he Charles Julian Fussell Collection is owned by Florida Southern College. This\ncollection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any\nway that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use.\nFor other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)","The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections","Fussell, Charles Julian","English"],"unitid_tesim":["CIT2030","/repositories/2/resources/79"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1950s-2000s"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles Julian Fussell Collection, 1950s-2000s"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles Julian Fussell Collection, 1950s-2000s"],"collection_ssim":["Charles Julian Fussell Collection, 1950s-2000s"],"repository_ssm":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections"],"repository_ssim":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections"],"creator_ssm":["Fussell, Charles Julian"],"creator_ssim":["Fussell, Charles Julian"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Fussell, Charles Julian"],"creators_ssim":["Fussell, Charles Julian"],"access_terms_ssm":["he Charles Julian Fussell Collection is owned by Florida Southern College. This\ncollection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any\nway that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use.\nFor other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The materials were donated to the Thomas Mack Florida Citrus Archives by the\nsubject."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.5 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["0.5 Linear Feet"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in\nadvance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection\nrestrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the archives'\nability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in\nadvance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection\nrestrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the archives'\nability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this collection are arranged alphabetically and by ascending date\norder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The materials in this collection are arranged alphabetically and by ascending date\norder."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharles Julian Fussell was a native of Polk County, Florida. For many years he was a\nsales executive for Lykes Brothers. However, he was best known as the inventor of Orange\nScream, a citrus-based milk product developed for school children. Fussell had racked up\na series of merchandising successes at Lykes. These included the distribution in schools of\nsuch orange juice products as Icy Bird, \"the frozen treat that's neat to eat.\" He figured a\nblend of orange juice and milk would be even more successful. As a liquid, it would provide\na nutritious alternative to soft drinks and chocolate milk. Frozen, it would be healthier than\nartificially flavored treats. And it could also be vended as a whipped treat. Unfortunately,\ncitrus juice curdles milk, which prompted him to work with his chemists to find a solution.\nA test marketing program in the late 1990s went well, prompting Dairy Foods magazine to\nboast that Orange Scream was \"changing the way consumers take their OJ and milk.\" In\n1999 the U.S. Department of Agriculture cleared the product for use in schools. However, it\nnever made it to mass production. Fussell blames the disappearance of small dairies,\nwhich were gobbled up by national chains. \"We were depending on the small, independent\ndairy farmer,\" he said. Another reason: \"We ran out of money.\"\nIn addition to his efforts to develop Orange Scream, Mr. Fussell worked as a real\nestate and citrus industry consultant. He was once married to an Irish singer. He graduated\nfrom the University of Florida and developed the Juice Bar at Cypress Gardens. He passed\naway on March 20, 2019, at the age of 92.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Charles Julian Fussell was a native of Polk County, Florida. For many years he was a\nsales executive for Lykes Brothers. However, he was best known as the inventor of Orange\nScream, a citrus-based milk product developed for school children. Fussell had racked up\na series of merchandising successes at Lykes. These included the distribution in schools of\nsuch orange juice products as Icy Bird, \"the frozen treat that's neat to eat.\" He figured a\nblend of orange juice and milk would be even more successful. As a liquid, it would provide\na nutritious alternative to soft drinks and chocolate milk. Frozen, it would be healthier than\nartificially flavored treats. And it could also be vended as a whipped treat. Unfortunately,\ncitrus juice curdles milk, which prompted him to work with his chemists to find a solution.\nA test marketing program in the late 1990s went well, prompting Dairy Foods magazine to\nboast that Orange Scream was \"changing the way consumers take their OJ and milk.\" In\n1999 the U.S. Department of Agriculture cleared the product for use in schools. However, it\nnever made it to mass production. Fussell blames the disappearance of small dairies,\nwhich were gobbled up by national chains. \"We were depending on the small, independent\ndairy farmer,\" he said. Another reason: \"We ran out of money.\"\nIn addition to his efforts to develop Orange Scream, Mr. Fussell worked as a real\nestate and citrus industry consultant. He was once married to an Irish singer. He graduated\nfrom the University of Florida and developed the Juice Bar at Cypress Gardens. He passed\naway on March 20, 2019, at the age of 92."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSubject Headings (Library of Congress):\nOrange juice industry\nOrange juice\nCitrus fruits--research\nCitrus products\nCitrus fruit industry\u0026#x2014;By-products\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["Subject Headings (Library of Congress):\nOrange juice industry\nOrange juice\nCitrus fruits--research\nCitrus products\nCitrus fruit industry—By-products"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this collection reflect the subject's invention and marketing of the\nOrange Scream snack product. Additional materials are related to his work as a citrus\nindustry sales and marketing executive.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The materials in this collection reflect the subject's invention and marketing of the\nOrange Scream snack product. Additional materials are related to his work as a citrus\nindustry sales and marketing executive."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ehe Charles Julian Fussell Collection is owned by Florida Southern College. This\ncollection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any\nway that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use.\nFor other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["he Charles Julian Fussell Collection is owned by Florida Southern College. This\ncollection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any\nway that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use.\nFor other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)"],"names_ssim":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections","Fussell, Charles Julian"],"corpname_ssim":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Fussell, Charles Julian"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":23,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"b0c24783d0a2c2d9bb53d241","timestamp":"2026-07-08T02:28:24.341Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/b0c24783d0a2c2d9bb53d241_aspace_5a0397da361337bae5043b3d0080a3e0"}},{"id":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_52957","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Prints, 1948-1985","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_52957#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_52957","ref_ssm":["aspace_52957","aspace_52957"],"id":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_52957","title_filing_ssi":"Prints","title_ssm":["Prints"],"title_tesim":["Prints"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1948-1985"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1948-1985"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Prints, 1948-1985"],"text":["Prints, 1948-1985","Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014","Subject Files, 1880-2003.","Pineapple., 1907-2000.","Folder 3","/repositories/4/archival_objects/33664","box 62","folder 3"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_52621","4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_52914"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014","Subject Files, 1880-2003.","Pineapple., 1907-2000."],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014","Subject Files, 1880-2003.","Pineapple., 1907-2000."],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Subseries"],"unitid_ssm":["Folder 3","/repositories/4/archival_objects/33664"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":1512,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The entire collection is open for research except for the following:\n\n  Boxes 180-181: Personal correspondence\n  Boxes 213-214: Manuscript of \"Brazil: Orchid of the Tropics\"\n"],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder."],"date_range_isim":[1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985],"containers_ssim":["box 62","folder 3"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#136/components#30","_nest_parent_":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_52914","_root_":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","timestamp":"2026-07-11T02:53:59.490Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","title_ssm":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection"],"title_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection"],"ead_ssi":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","unitdate_ssm":["1754-2014"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1754-2014"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 068","/repositories/4/resources/148"],"text":["SC 068","/repositories/4/resources/148","Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014","Marineland (Fla.)","Botany","Botany -- Brazil","Bromeliaceae","Bromelin","Cooking (Pineapples)","Pineapple","Plant hybridization","botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)","The entire collection is open for research except for the following:\n Boxes 180-181: Personal correspondence Boxes 213-214: Manuscript of \"Brazil: Orchid of the Tropics\"","The collection is divided into eight series by type of file.","Michael A. Spencer was born in Orlando and grew up in Winter Garden, Florida. He worked at Sand Hill Nursery near Lake Avalon and the Land of Bromeliads in Gotha before finding employment with Julian Nally. After the Nally estate was sold, Spencer worked for Racine Foster at Bromel-La. He graduated from UCF in 1990 summa cum laude with a BA in Liberal Studies and then found employment with Lyman B. Smith at the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History. Michael Spencer named a genus of bromeliads \"Racinaea\" in honor of Racine Foster. While engaged in his research, Spencer amassed this collection of materials concerning bromeliads and their collectors. He now lives in Frederick, Maryland where he has served on the Historic Preservation Commission since 2004.","Materials were rehoused in pH neutral folders and cartons. Photographs, negatives and slides were enclosed in polyester sleeves. Many of the materials were well organized and the arrangement was retained. The remainder were arranged by following the original arrangement as far as possible. Notes on folders were retained in the new folder. Paper clips were replaced with plastic clips or materials that belonged together were held together in a pH neutral paper sleeve. Loose-leaf notebooks that were badly rusted were discarded and the contents placed in folders. Items loose in the back of notebooks were foldered separately and marked accordingly. Notes from a film canister were written exactly as found as the label could not be removed. Albums falling apart were taken apart and foldered. Albums in reasonable condition had the photographs attached properly with corners and the pages interleaved to prevent sticking. Loose album pages in the Foster subseries on Plant Information were merely foldered as they were not in an album and were found without context. Collecion rehoused and finding aid revised by Chynna Thomas in 2023.","A large book collection accompanies this collection and may be accessed by performing a series search \"Michael A. Spencer Collection\" in the UCF Library  Online Catalog .  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Julian Nally ,  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Theodore Mead ,  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Henry Nehrling  and the  Henry Nehrling Papers  are also available in Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries. Some paintings by Mulford Foster are held at the  Harry P. Leu Gardens . The  Henry Nehrling Collection  and the  Theodore L. Mead Collection  are held at Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida. Lyman Smith's Papers are held at the  Smithsonian Institution Archives .","Series I: Mulford and Racine Foster Files, 1910-1991 documents the work of these two individuals in discovering and propagating bromeliads. Correspondence, publications, notebooks, drawings, research materials, memorabilia and photographs show all aspects of their work including plant collecting, landscape designing and publishing. Photographs may be black and white or color prints, negatives or slides. Additional materials about the Fosters may be found in Series II and III.","\nSeries II: Subject Files, 1880-2003 contains catalogues, journals, photographs, memorabilia and correspondence that Michael Spencer brought together under his chosen subject headings and arranged alphabetically. Many of the materials in this series originally came from Mulford and Racine Foster, which means that there is some overlap with the previous series. Spencer's own collecting interest lay in documenting the importance of bromeliads in society, and he collected many common items that showed bromeliads, especially pineapples.","\nSeries III: Author Files, 1754-1997 includes a variety of media used for research, such as articles, books, magazines, newspaper clippings, and photographs. There are a significant number of materials authored by Mulford and Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith, including original manuscripts.","\nSeries IV: Plants by Family Files, 1908-1990 contains alphabetical files on plant families, which include newspaper clippings, books and other research materials.","\nSeries V: Natural History Files, 1853-1997 holds alphabetical files on a wide range of natural history topics including plant societies, authors, drugs and diseases. The files contain published materials, photocopies, web resources, plant and geological samples that document's Michael's Spencer's considerable research interests.","\nSeries VI: Medicinal Files, 1988-1996 contains alphabetical files on diseases and therapies. Not all these files relate to plants though many of them concern natural therapies.","\nSeries VII: Lyman Smith Files: 1905-1994 holds alphabetical files that belonged to Lyman B. Smith. His notebooks, manscripts, teaching materials and correspondence may all be found here.","\nSeries VIII: Personal Files, 1863-2014 contains alphabetical files showing Spencer's interest in collecting books and his wide interests. Materials that do not clearly belong in the other series may be found here.","Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder.","Michael A. Spencer assembled this collection of publications, photographs, drawings, correspondence programs and other materials focusing on the discovery, taxonomy and cultivation of bromeliads. Mulford B. Foster, Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith are among the significant bromeliad collectors whose work is documented here.","UCF Special Collections","Bromeliad Society","Spencer, Michael A.","Smith, Lyman B.","Foster, Mulford B. (Mulford Bateman), 1888-1978","Foster, Racine, 1910-1991","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 068","/repositories/4/resources/148"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1754-2014"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014"],"collection_title_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014"],"collection_ssim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Marineland (Fla.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Marineland (Fla.)"],"creator_ssm":["Spencer, Michael A."],"creator_ssim":["Spencer, Michael A."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Spencer, Michael A."],"creators_ssim":["Spencer, Michael A."],"places_ssim":["Marineland (Fla.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Some of these materials were donated to and others were purchased by the University of Central Florida Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives from Michael A. Spencer in 2006 (CFM2006_09), 2011 (CFM2011_02), 2012 (CFM2012_10), and 2014 (CFM2014_01)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Botany","Botany -- Brazil","Bromeliaceae","Bromelin","Cooking (Pineapples)","Pineapple","Plant hybridization","botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Botany","Botany -- Brazil","Bromeliaceae","Bromelin","Cooking (Pineapples)","Pineapple","Plant hybridization","botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["130 Linear Feet 259 boxes, 2 flat files"],"extent_tesim":["130 Linear Feet 259 boxes, 2 flat files"],"genreform_ssim":["botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)"],"date_range_isim":[1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research except for the following:\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eBoxes 180-181: Personal correspondence\u003c/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eBoxes 213-214: Manuscript of \"Brazil: Orchid of the Tropics\"\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research except for the following:\n Boxes 180-181: Personal correspondence Boxes 213-214: Manuscript of \"Brazil: Orchid of the Tropics\""],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into eight series by type of file.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into eight series by type of file."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMichael A. Spencer was born in Orlando and grew up in Winter Garden, Florida. He worked at Sand Hill Nursery near Lake Avalon and the Land of Bromeliads in Gotha before finding employment with Julian Nally. After the Nally estate was sold, Spencer worked for Racine Foster at Bromel-La. He graduated from UCF in 1990 summa cum laude with a BA in Liberal Studies and then found employment with Lyman B. Smith at the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History. Michael Spencer named a genus of bromeliads \"Racinaea\" in honor of Racine Foster. While engaged in his research, Spencer amassed this collection of materials concerning bromeliads and their collectors. He now lives in Frederick, Maryland where he has served on the Historic Preservation Commission since 2004.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer was born in Orlando and grew up in Winter Garden, Florida. He worked at Sand Hill Nursery near Lake Avalon and the Land of Bromeliads in Gotha before finding employment with Julian Nally. After the Nally estate was sold, Spencer worked for Racine Foster at Bromel-La. He graduated from UCF in 1990 summa cum laude with a BA in Liberal Studies and then found employment with Lyman B. Smith at the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History. Michael Spencer named a genus of bromeliads \"Racinaea\" in honor of Racine Foster. While engaged in his research, Spencer amassed this collection of materials concerning bromeliads and their collectors. He now lives in Frederick, Maryland where he has served on the Historic Preservation Commission since 2004."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMichael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials were rehoused in pH neutral folders and cartons. Photographs, negatives and slides were enclosed in polyester sleeves. Many of the materials were well organized and the arrangement was retained. The remainder were arranged by following the original arrangement as far as possible. Notes on folders were retained in the new folder. Paper clips were replaced with plastic clips or materials that belonged together were held together in a pH neutral paper sleeve. Loose-leaf notebooks that were badly rusted were discarded and the contents placed in folders. Items loose in the back of notebooks were foldered separately and marked accordingly. Notes from a film canister were written exactly as found as the label could not be removed. Albums falling apart were taken apart and foldered. Albums in reasonable condition had the photographs attached properly with corners and the pages interleaved to prevent sticking. Loose album pages in the Foster subseries on Plant Information were merely foldered as they were not in an album and were found without context. Collecion rehoused and finding aid revised by Chynna Thomas in 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Materials were rehoused in pH neutral folders and cartons. Photographs, negatives and slides were enclosed in polyester sleeves. Many of the materials were well organized and the arrangement was retained. The remainder were arranged by following the original arrangement as far as possible. Notes on folders were retained in the new folder. Paper clips were replaced with plastic clips or materials that belonged together were held together in a pH neutral paper sleeve. Loose-leaf notebooks that were badly rusted were discarded and the contents placed in folders. Items loose in the back of notebooks were foldered separately and marked accordingly. Notes from a film canister were written exactly as found as the label could not be removed. Albums falling apart were taken apart and foldered. Albums in reasonable condition had the photographs attached properly with corners and the pages interleaved to prevent sticking. Loose album pages in the Foster subseries on Plant Information were merely foldered as they were not in an album and were found without context. Collecion rehoused and finding aid revised by Chynna Thomas in 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA large book collection accompanies this collection and may be accessed by performing a series search \"Michael A. Spencer Collection\" in the UCF Library \u003cextref href=\"https://library.ucf.edu\"\u003eOnline Catalog\u003c/extref\u003e. \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2006-08c\"\u003eMichael A. Spencer Collection on Julian Nally\u003c/extref\u003e, \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2006-08b\"\u003eMichael A. Spencer Collection on Theodore Mead\u003c/extref\u003e, \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2006-08a\"\u003eMichael A. Spencer Collection on Henry Nehrling\u003c/extref\u003e and the \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM1999-03\"\u003eHenry Nehrling Papers\u003c/extref\u003e are also available in Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries. Some paintings by Mulford Foster are held at the \u003cextref href=\"http://www.leugardens.org/\"\u003eHarry P. Leu Gardens\u003c/extref\u003e. The \u003cextref href=\"https://aspace.rollins.edu/repositories/2/resources/4\"\u003eHenry Nehrling Collection\u003c/extref\u003e and the \u003cextref href=\"https://aspace.rollins.edu/repositories/2/resources/97\"\u003eTheodore L. Mead Collection\u003c/extref\u003e are held at Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida. Lyman Smith's Papers are held at the \u003cextref href=\"http://siarchives.si.edu/\"\u003eSmithsonian Institution Archives\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["A large book collection accompanies this collection and may be accessed by performing a series search \"Michael A. Spencer Collection\" in the UCF Library  Online Catalog .  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Julian Nally ,  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Theodore Mead ,  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Henry Nehrling  and the  Henry Nehrling Papers  are also available in Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries. Some paintings by Mulford Foster are held at the  Harry P. Leu Gardens . The  Henry Nehrling Collection  and the  Theodore L. Mead Collection  are held at Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida. Lyman Smith's Papers are held at the  Smithsonian Institution Archives ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Mulford and Racine Foster Files, 1910-1991 documents the work of these two individuals in discovering and propagating bromeliads. Correspondence, publications, notebooks, drawings, research materials, memorabilia and photographs show all aspects of their work including plant collecting, landscape designing and publishing. Photographs may be black and white or color prints, negatives or slides. Additional materials about the Fosters may be found in Series II and III.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries II: Subject Files, 1880-2003 contains catalogues, journals, photographs, memorabilia and correspondence that Michael Spencer brought together under his chosen subject headings and arranged alphabetically. Many of the materials in this series originally came from Mulford and Racine Foster, which means that there is some overlap with the previous series. Spencer's own collecting interest lay in documenting the importance of bromeliads in society, and he collected many common items that showed bromeliads, especially pineapples.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries III: Author Files, 1754-1997 includes a variety of media used for research, such as articles, books, magazines, newspaper clippings, and photographs. There are a significant number of materials authored by Mulford and Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith, including original manuscripts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries IV: Plants by Family Files, 1908-1990 contains alphabetical files on plant families, which include newspaper clippings, books and other research materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries V: Natural History Files, 1853-1997 holds alphabetical files on a wide range of natural history topics including plant societies, authors, drugs and diseases. The files contain published materials, photocopies, web resources, plant and geological samples that document's Michael's Spencer's considerable research interests.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VI: Medicinal Files, 1988-1996 contains alphabetical files on diseases and therapies. Not all these files relate to plants though many of them concern natural therapies.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VII: Lyman Smith Files: 1905-1994 holds alphabetical files that belonged to Lyman B. Smith. His notebooks, manscripts, teaching materials and correspondence may all be found here.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VIII: Personal Files, 1863-2014 contains alphabetical files showing Spencer's interest in collecting books and his wide interests. Materials that do not clearly belong in the other series may be found here.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Series I: Mulford and Racine Foster Files, 1910-1991 documents the work of these two individuals in discovering and propagating bromeliads. Correspondence, publications, notebooks, drawings, research materials, memorabilia and photographs show all aspects of their work including plant collecting, landscape designing and publishing. Photographs may be black and white or color prints, negatives or slides. Additional materials about the Fosters may be found in Series II and III.","\nSeries II: Subject Files, 1880-2003 contains catalogues, journals, photographs, memorabilia and correspondence that Michael Spencer brought together under his chosen subject headings and arranged alphabetically. Many of the materials in this series originally came from Mulford and Racine Foster, which means that there is some overlap with the previous series. Spencer's own collecting interest lay in documenting the importance of bromeliads in society, and he collected many common items that showed bromeliads, especially pineapples.","\nSeries III: Author Files, 1754-1997 includes a variety of media used for research, such as articles, books, magazines, newspaper clippings, and photographs. There are a significant number of materials authored by Mulford and Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith, including original manuscripts.","\nSeries IV: Plants by Family Files, 1908-1990 contains alphabetical files on plant families, which include newspaper clippings, books and other research materials.","\nSeries V: Natural History Files, 1853-1997 holds alphabetical files on a wide range of natural history topics including plant societies, authors, drugs and diseases. The files contain published materials, photocopies, web resources, plant and geological samples that document's Michael's Spencer's considerable research interests.","\nSeries VI: Medicinal Files, 1988-1996 contains alphabetical files on diseases and therapies. Not all these files relate to plants though many of them concern natural therapies.","\nSeries VII: Lyman Smith Files: 1905-1994 holds alphabetical files that belonged to Lyman B. Smith. His notebooks, manscripts, teaching materials and correspondence may all be found here.","\nSeries VIII: Personal Files, 1863-2014 contains alphabetical files showing Spencer's interest in collecting books and his wide interests. Materials that do not clearly belong in the other series may be found here."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Copyright Statement"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_8e33310d6b1a70e4d88f1e2d3043cf71\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eMichael A. Spencer assembled this collection of publications, photographs, drawings, correspondence programs and other materials focusing on the discovery, taxonomy and cultivation of bromeliads. Mulford B. Foster, Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith are among the significant bromeliad collectors whose work is documented here.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer assembled this collection of publications, photographs, drawings, correspondence programs and other materials focusing on the discovery, taxonomy and cultivation of bromeliads. Mulford B. Foster, Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith are among the significant bromeliad collectors whose work is documented here."],"names_coll_ssim":["Bromeliad Society","Smith, Lyman B.","Foster, Mulford B. (Mulford Bateman), 1888-1978","Foster, Racine, 1910-1991"],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Bromeliad Society","Spencer, Michael A.","Smith, Lyman B.","Foster, Mulford B. (Mulford Bateman), 1888-1978","Foster, Racine, 1910-1991"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Bromeliad Society"],"persname_ssim":["Spencer, Michael A.","Smith, Lyman B.","Foster, Mulford B. (Mulford Bateman), 1888-1978","Foster, Racine, 1910-1991"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3662,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","timestamp":"2026-07-11T02:53:59.490Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_52957"}},{"id":"4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86_aspace_be28c40c76f0511b97ebfe9243cf9132","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Prison - Articles, 1943-1983","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86_aspace_be28c40c76f0511b97ebfe9243cf9132#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eReligious publication articles, government records, and book excerpts covering of issues of conscientious objectors in prisons\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86_aspace_be28c40c76f0511b97ebfe9243cf9132#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_be28c40c76f0511b97ebfe9243cf9132","ref_ssm":["aspace_be28c40c76f0511b97ebfe9243cf9132","aspace_be28c40c76f0511b97ebfe9243cf9132"],"id":"4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86_aspace_be28c40c76f0511b97ebfe9243cf9132","title_filing_ssi":"Prison - Articles","title_ssm":["Prison - Articles"],"title_tesim":["Prison - Articles"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1943-1983"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1943-1983"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Prison - Articles, 1943-1983"],"text":["Prison - Articles, 1943-1983","Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection, 1871 - 2006","Research, bulk 1871-2006","/repositories/2/archival_objects/77913","box 31","folder 3","Religious publication articles, government records, and book excerpts covering of issues of conscientious objectors in prisons"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86","4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86_aspace_ff3bc41a85011bea5a51cdad9b65b38a"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection, 1871 - 2006","Research, bulk 1871-2006"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection, 1871 - 2006","Research, bulk 1871-2006"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/2/archival_objects/77913"],"repository_ssim":["Florida Atlantic University Libraries"],"collection_ssim":["Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection, 1871 - 2006"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":324,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collections are available for supervised use in the Special Collections reading room during regular hours or by appointment. Users are required to complete a registration form and to comply with regulations governing use. Research assistance may be available but please email or phone first to set up an appointment.","Photocopies or electronic copies of material in the collections may be provided within copyright limits but may not be ready immediately. In addition, selected materials are digitized and available electronically through the Digital Library. See less"],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Materials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. Any subsequent use of a reproduction in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement. When using electronic copies or images, please keep in mind that copyright law applies. It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder. Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact Special Collections. See less See less"],"date_range_isim":[1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983],"containers_ssim":["box 31","folder 3"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eReligious publication articles, government records, and book excerpts covering of issues of conscientious objectors in prisons\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Religious publication articles, government records, and book excerpts covering of issues of conscientious objectors in prisons"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#322","_nest_parent_":"4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86_aspace_ff3bc41a85011bea5a51cdad9b65b38a","_root_":"4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86","timestamp":"2026-07-11T02:01:13.886Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86","title_ssm":["Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection"],"title_tesim":["Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection"],"ead_ssi":"4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86","unitdate_ssm":["1871 - 2006"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1871 - 2006"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["UAFP0012","/repositories/2/resources/203"],"text":["UAFP0012","/repositories/2/resources/203","Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection, 1871 - 2006","United States","World War, 1939-1945","University Archives","University Archives -- Faculty Papers"," Civilian Public Service -- History","World War, 1939-1945 -- Conscientious objectors -- United States","Oral history","Collections are available for supervised use in the Special Collections reading room during regular hours or by appointment. Users are required to complete a registration form and to comply with regulations governing use. Research assistance may be available but please email or phone first to set up an appointment.","Photocopies or electronic copies of material in the collections may be provided within copyright limits but may not be ready immediately. In addition, selected materials are digitized and available electronically through the Digital Library. See less","The Frazer-O'Sullivan Collection contains the research for the co- authored book, We Have Just Begun to Not Fight: An Oral History of Conscientious Objectors in the Civilian Public Service During World War II, by Heather Frazer and John O'Sullivan. More than 40,000 American men refused to fight during World War II. Citing principled opposition, they declared themselves conscientious objectors. Rejecting combat duty, nearly 12,000 men entered Civilian Public Service (CPS) with the intent to perform \"work of national importance\" as an alternative to combat duty. The CPS program was set up by members of the historic peace churches (Mennonites, Brethren, and Quakers) and participated in by pacifists from other churches, of no specific religious persuasion, and, in the case of a few, no persuasion except not to fight in that particular war. CPS men worked as aides in mental hospitals, volunteered as smoke jumpers in forest fires, and participated in grueling medical and scientific experiments.  Frazer and O'Sullivan use the oral histories of 15 CPS men and two of their wives to illuminate their experience during World War II. ","Heather T. Frazer (1940 – 2016) was a professor of history at Florida Atlantic University. In 1971, she became the first female faculty member in the FAU history department where she taught for 35 years before retiring in 2006. During her tenure, she served as Department Chair and Director of Graduate Studies. She also pioneered the study of women's history at FAU, helping establish the Women's Studies program, which is now the Center for Women, Gender and Sexuality Studies. Dr. Frazer taught courses in women's history, modern Britain and British Empire, Indian history, and oral history.","John O'Sullivan (1939-2000) was a professor of history at Florida Atlantic University. In 1971, he came to Florida Atlantic University where he served as chair of the History Department (1975-1978) and devoted his entire academic career. Dr. O'Sullivan received numerous research fellowships including the American Philosophical Society, the American Historical Association, and the Sloan Foundation. His areas of specialization were World War II, Vietnam War, Nuclear Age, the Holocaust, Peace History, Oral History and Modern American Political and Diplomatic Affairs.","Materials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. Any subsequent use of a reproduction in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement. When using electronic copies or images, please keep in mind that copyright law applies. It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder. Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact Special Collections. See less See less","Florida Atlantic University Libraries","English"],"unitid_tesim":["UAFP0012","/repositories/2/resources/203"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1871 - 2006"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection, 1871 - 2006"],"collection_title_tesim":["Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection, 1871 - 2006"],"collection_ssim":["Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection, 1871 - 2006"],"repository_ssm":["Florida Atlantic University Libraries"],"repository_ssim":["Florida Atlantic University Libraries"],"geogname_ssm":["United States"],"geogname_ssim":["United States"],"places_ssim":["United States"],"access_terms_ssm":["Materials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. Any subsequent use of a reproduction in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement. When using electronic copies or images, please keep in mind that copyright law applies. It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder. Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact Special Collections. See less See less"],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1939-1945","University Archives","University Archives -- Faculty Papers"," Civilian Public Service -- History","World War, 1939-1945 -- Conscientious objectors -- United States","Oral history"],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1939-1945","University Archives","University Archives -- Faculty Papers"," Civilian Public Service -- History","World War, 1939-1945 -- Conscientious objectors -- United States","Oral history"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["67 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["67 boxes"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollections are available for supervised use in the Special Collections reading room during regular hours or by appointment. Users are required to complete a registration form and to comply with regulations governing use. Research assistance may be available but please email or phone first to set up an appointment.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePhotocopies or electronic copies of material in the collections may be provided within copyright limits but may not be ready immediately. In addition, selected materials are digitized and available electronically through the Digital Library. See less\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collections are available for supervised use in the Special Collections reading room during regular hours or by appointment. Users are required to complete a registration form and to comply with regulations governing use. Research assistance may be available but please email or phone first to set up an appointment.","Photocopies or electronic copies of material in the collections may be provided within copyright limits but may not be ready immediately. In addition, selected materials are digitized and available electronically through the Digital Library. See less"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Frazer-O'Sullivan Collection contains the research for the co- authored book, We Have Just Begun to Not Fight: An Oral History of Conscientious Objectors in the Civilian Public Service During World War II, by Heather Frazer and John O'Sullivan. More than 40,000 American men refused to fight during World War II. Citing principled opposition, they declared themselves conscientious objectors. Rejecting combat duty, nearly 12,000 men entered Civilian Public Service (CPS) with the intent to perform \"work of national importance\" as an alternative to combat duty. The CPS program was set up by members of the historic peace churches (Mennonites, Brethren, and Quakers) and participated in by pacifists from other churches, of no specific religious persuasion, and, in the case of a few, no persuasion except not to fight in that particular war. CPS men worked as aides in mental hospitals, volunteered as smoke jumpers in forest fires, and participated in grueling medical and scientific experiments.  Frazer and O'Sullivan use the oral histories of 15 CPS men and two of their wives to illuminate their experience during World War II. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHeather T. Frazer (1940 \u0026#x2013; 2016) was a professor of history at Florida Atlantic University. In 1971, she became the first female faculty member in the FAU history department where she taught for 35 years before retiring in 2006. During her tenure, she served as Department Chair and Director of Graduate Studies. She also pioneered the study of women's history at FAU, helping establish the Women's Studies program, which is now the Center for Women, Gender and Sexuality Studies. Dr. Frazer taught courses in women's history, modern Britain and British Empire, Indian history, and oral history.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJohn O'Sullivan (1939-2000) was a professor of history at Florida Atlantic University. In 1971, he came to Florida Atlantic University where he served as chair of the History Department (1975-1978) and devoted his entire academic career. Dr. O'Sullivan received numerous research fellowships including the American Philosophical Society, the American Historical Association, and the Sloan Foundation. His areas of specialization were World War II, Vietnam War, Nuclear Age, the Holocaust, Peace History, Oral History and Modern American Political and Diplomatic Affairs.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Frazer-O'Sullivan Collection contains the research for the co- authored book, We Have Just Begun to Not Fight: An Oral History of Conscientious Objectors in the Civilian Public Service During World War II, by Heather Frazer and John O'Sullivan. More than 40,000 American men refused to fight during World War II. Citing principled opposition, they declared themselves conscientious objectors. Rejecting combat duty, nearly 12,000 men entered Civilian Public Service (CPS) with the intent to perform \"work of national importance\" as an alternative to combat duty. The CPS program was set up by members of the historic peace churches (Mennonites, Brethren, and Quakers) and participated in by pacifists from other churches, of no specific religious persuasion, and, in the case of a few, no persuasion except not to fight in that particular war. CPS men worked as aides in mental hospitals, volunteered as smoke jumpers in forest fires, and participated in grueling medical and scientific experiments.  Frazer and O'Sullivan use the oral histories of 15 CPS men and two of their wives to illuminate their experience during World War II. ","Heather T. Frazer (1940 – 2016) was a professor of history at Florida Atlantic University. In 1971, she became the first female faculty member in the FAU history department where she taught for 35 years before retiring in 2006. During her tenure, she served as Department Chair and Director of Graduate Studies. She also pioneered the study of women's history at FAU, helping establish the Women's Studies program, which is now the Center for Women, Gender and Sexuality Studies. Dr. Frazer taught courses in women's history, modern Britain and British Empire, Indian history, and oral history.","John O'Sullivan (1939-2000) was a professor of history at Florida Atlantic University. In 1971, he came to Florida Atlantic University where he served as chair of the History Department (1975-1978) and devoted his entire academic career. Dr. O'Sullivan received numerous research fellowships including the American Philosophical Society, the American Historical Association, and the Sloan Foundation. His areas of specialization were World War II, Vietnam War, Nuclear Age, the Holocaust, Peace History, Oral History and Modern American Political and Diplomatic Affairs."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. Any subsequent use of a reproduction in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement. When using electronic copies or images, please keep in mind that copyright law applies. It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder. Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact Special Collections. See less See less\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. 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