{"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1975\u0026page=336","prev":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1975\u0026page=335","next":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1975\u0026page=337","last":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1975\u0026page=533"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":336,"next_page":337,"prev_page":335,"total_pages":533,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":3350,"total_count":5327,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"731b674a396f199a6d388d63_aspace_08aa7d11389c864e360bcc3e351efc8c","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"National Parks Historic Preservation, 1975","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/731b674a396f199a6d388d63_aspace_08aa7d11389c864e360bcc3e351efc8c#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_08aa7d11389c864e360bcc3e351efc8c","ref_ssm":["aspace_08aa7d11389c864e360bcc3e351efc8c","aspace_08aa7d11389c864e360bcc3e351efc8c"],"id":"731b674a396f199a6d388d63_aspace_08aa7d11389c864e360bcc3e351efc8c","title_filing_ssi":"National Parks Historic Preservation","title_ssm":["National Parks Historic Preservation"],"title_tesim":["National Parks Historic Preservation"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1975"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1975"],"normalized_title_ssm":["National Parks Historic Preservation, 1975"],"text":["National Parks Historic Preservation, 1975","Congressman James A. Haley Collection, 1948-1977","U.S. Congressional Papers","National Parks Historic Preservation","/repositories/2/archival_objects/28354","box 231","folder 12"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["731b674a396f199a6d388d63","731b674a396f199a6d388d63_aspace_5741d34efd25f269c0c7a777de774a22","731b674a396f199a6d388d63_aspace_6a5a935155711498d0e03efccc9f1b10"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Congressman James A. Haley Collection, 1948-1977","U.S. Congressional Papers","National Parks Historic Preservation"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Congressman James A. Haley Collection, 1948-1977","U.S. Congressional Papers","National Parks Historic Preservation"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Subgroup","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/2/archival_objects/28354"],"repository_ssim":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Congressman James A. Haley Collection, 1948-1977"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":2881,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to\nunprocessed born digital materials."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The Congressman James A. Haley Papers are owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by\nthe copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Please inquire if you have questions -\narchives@flsouthern.edu. ","Constituent Correspondence files are restricted from publication until 2052"],"date_range_isim":[1975],"containers_ssim":["box 231","folder 12"],"_nest_path_":"/components#4/components#352/components#0","_nest_parent_":"731b674a396f199a6d388d63_aspace_6a5a935155711498d0e03efccc9f1b10","_root_":"731b674a396f199a6d388d63","_version_":1875924461057736704,"timestamp":"2026-09-10T06:16:17.977Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"731b674a396f199a6d388d63","title_ssm":["Congressman James A. Haley Collection"],"title_tesim":["Congressman James A. Haley Collection"],"ead_ssi":"731b674a396f199a6d388d63","unitdate_ssm":["1948-1977"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1948-1977"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS1040","/repositories/2/resources/17"],"text":["MS1040","/repositories/2/resources/17","Congressman James A. Haley Collection, 1948-1977","Washington D.C.","Florida--Politics","Lakeland and Polk County Politics","United States. Congress","House of Representatives--Florida--State Legislature","Circus--management","Correspondence","Clippings","Speeches","This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to\nunprocessed born digital materials.","The materials in this collection were maintained by the subject's staff by issue and date. With some modifications allowing for clarity, they have been arranged in a similar fashion. However, you will find that individual issues may appear under multiple subject headings. For example, \"Watergate\" may\nappear under its own heading as well as under \"Richard Nixon\" or \"Nixon Administration.\" Please note that even though the files are arranged by issue, some correspondence might also be located in \"catch-all\" categories such as \"Haley Bills: Master File: 83rd Congress: 1953-1954,\"\n\"Correspondence: 19XX,\" to use but two examples.","James A. Haley, as chairman of the House Interior Committee during the 1970s, was instrumental in the creation of Big Cypress National Preserve. Franklin Adams lobbied for the establishment of the Big Cypress National Preserve along with many other environmental issues. The Franklin Adams Papers are housed at Florida International University. The Franklin Adams Collection, SPC9000, at Florida International University, Miami. ","James Andrew Haley (January 4, 1899 – August 6, 1981) was a U.S. Representative from Florida. Born in Jacksonville, Alabama, Haley attended the public schools and the University of Alabama. He served in the U.S. Army during World War I, and saw combat in France. He was an accountant in Sarasota, Florida, from 1920 to 1933 and served as general manager of the John Ringling estate from 1933 to 1943.\nOn December 4, 1942, Haley married Aubrey Ringling (née Aubrey Barlow Black), the widow of Richard T. Ringling who had died in 1931. Richard Ringling was the son of one of the original Ringling brothers. From 1943 to 1945, he was the first vice president of Ringling Circus and president and\ndirector of Ringling Brothers, Barnum \u0026 Bailey. In 1944, a fire broke out at a Ringling Circus show in Hartford, Connecticut that killed 169 persons. As a result of the fire he and five other circus officials pleaded no contest to charges of involuntary manslaughter and were sentenced to prison. He served\neight months and in 1945 was returned to Florida, where he received a pardon from Governor Millard F. Caldwell. Upon his release from prison, Haley again served as president and director for the Ringling Bros. and Barnum and Bailey Circus of Sarasota from 1946 to 1948. He engaged in newspaper publishing and\nlater in general printing business. He served as chairman of the Democratic Executive Committee of Sarasota County 1935–1952. He was elected and served as member of the Florida House of Representatives from 1949 to 1952. He was a delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1952, 1956, and 1960.\nHaley was elected as a Democrat to the Eighty-third and to the eleven succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1953 – January 3, 1977). He was a member of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, the Hospital Subcommittee of the Veterans Affair Committee, and the Indian Affairs Subcommittee. He served as chairman of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs (Ninety-third\nand Ninety-fourth Congresses). Haley was not a candidate for reelection to the Ninety-fifth Congress in 1976.","Haley died in Sarasota on August 6, 1981 and was interred in Boca Raton Cemetery in Boca Raton,FL. The James A. Haley Veterans Hospital located in Tampa is named for him. ","Sources: U.S. House of Representatives Official Biography and Haley Papers biographical data, 2018","The James A. Haley Papers consist of his personal and political papers. Correspondence, clippings, newsletters, photographs, congressional reports, and awards from various civic and political organizations give insight into Haley's public interests. Photographs of his wife, the Circus and political\naffiliates uncover the many facets of Haley's life. A limited amount of biographical information, including news articles about his death, reflect on how this public figure kept his private life private. Of note is the\nseries about the Hartford Circus fire. ","The Papers are arranged in five collections: Personal, Hartford Circus Fire, Political, Florida House of Representatives, and U.S. Congressional.","The Personal papers, arranged alphabetically by format, consists of calendars, correspondence, newsletters, photographs, awards and other ephemera giving a broad look into Haley's life in and out of office. A limited amount of biographical information, including news articles about his death, is included.","Haley Papers\nCorrespondence, newsletters, and awards from various civic and political organizations show the range of Haley's public interests while the invitations he accepted give a sense of the social life of a congressman in the 1950s-1970s. Congratulatory messages may give insight into who he counted\namong his political allies. The correspondence in this series, 1940-1981, the bulk of which are letters from Haley's time in the U.S. House of Representative (1953-1976) is of a general nature and may not be of a specific topic, but often must still be viewed as official. Since Haley was a public figure, the materials in this series should be viewed in the context that public figures kept their private life private.","The ephemera is mostly three-dimensional objects from Haley's office. The photographs within this series are also generally of an official nature. They are arranged by subject. Of particular note are the\nphotographs of Haley with several U.S. Presidents. Please see a digital exhibit at\nhttp://www.flsouthern.edu/library/mckay-archives/digital-exhibits/haley-presidents.aspx.","The Hartford Circus Fire collection encompasses documentation of the burning of a tent at the Ringling Bros. and Barnum \u0026 Baily Circus in Hartford, Connecticut on July 6, 1944, the loss of 150 lives, and the resulting trial. As first vice president of the Company, James A. Haley took responsibility, was found\nguilty of manslaughter, and served time in a federal prison. The documentation is comprised of, but not limited to, correspondence, news clippings, financial documents and court records. Correspondence takes the form of letters and telegrams with topics between Haley and staff and Haley and lawyers about what happened in the fire and with the trial. There are also letters to Haley while he is in jail, mostly regarding his personal health and welfare. There are extensive newspaper clippings about the fire and the trial. Corporate information includes circus routes, minutes and by-laws. The financial documents are extensive and record the financial standing of the circus, while Court Records consist of trial scripts, pleas, and scripts from the parole hearing. Anyone searching for general understanding of the events of the fire should look at the newspapers, and then the letters and telegrams.","The Political Papers collection concerns Haley's campaigns and party work. As a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, Haley was up for reelection every two years. The Campaign Files sub-series contains correspondence, government records, news articles, and other documents related to the subject's political campaigns between 1952 and 1974. Of special interest are the endorsements which how where and from whom he received his political support from.","The Democratic Party sub-collection reflects the subject's involvement with his political party. He served as a delegate to several Democratic National Conventions over the course of his career. He also took an interest in other political races throughout Florida and the nation. This series contains correspondence and newspaper articles concerning elections not specific to the subject, as well as general party information for candidates and booklets produced for the conventions.","The Florida House of Representatives collection encompass Haley's career as the State Representative for Sarasota County in the Florida House of Representatives. Haley held this office from 1948-1952. The materials are arranged in as logical order as possible. There was no discernable order prior to processing as the materials had been housed and rehoused several times since they were donated to the college. Of special note are the materials related to the Haley Committee Investigating Crime, which investigated political corruption and organized crime in the state. The collection also includes materials concerning state issues of the day, as well as issues specific to Sarasota County. Additionally, there are reference materials used by the subject in the performance of his duties. The Haley Committee on Investigating Crime sub-series contains transcripts of hearings, proceedings,\ncorrespondence, and news articles related to this committee, while the Issues sub-series is arranged Haley Papers\nalphabetically and contains correspondence, legislation, news articles, and reference material related to the respective issue. The Reference sub-series contain Florida House and Senate Bill Summaries, Legislative calendars, House and Senate Journals, and roll call votes. And, the Sarasota District subseries contain correspondence, reference materials, and news articles related specifically to that district.","The U.S. Congressional Papers, the largest collection, comprise the political aspects of Haley's US congressional career. The materials are arranged in alphabetical order created by his office. Haley held a seat representing the southwest coast and heartland of Florida from 1953-1977. The materials in this\nseries contain correspondence, articles, government documents, and photographs; they cover nearly every major issue to confront the United States during the 1950s through the 1970s. Of special note is the constituent correspondence, which are letters from citizens to Haley asking for information or help on a variety of topics. Letters and telegrams sent to Haley by citizens in his district give a sense of the\nviews of the general public concerning the issues of the era. Haley's views are expressed in his replies. The materials are arranged alphabetically by issue and date. This arrangement closely corresponds to how they were filed in the subject's office. Please note that even though the files are arranged by issue, some correspondence might also be located in \"catch-all\" categories such as \"Haley Bills: Master File: 83rd Congress: 1953-1954,\"\n\"Correspondence: 19XX,\" to use but two examples. ","The Congressman James A. Haley Papers are owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by\nthe copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Please inquire if you have questions -\narchives@flsouthern.edu. ","Constituent Correspondence files are restricted from publication until 2052","The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections","Haley, James A., Congressman ","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS1040","/repositories/2/resources/17"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1948-1977"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Congressman James A. Haley Collection, 1948-1977"],"collection_title_tesim":["Congressman James A. Haley Collection, 1948-1977"],"collection_ssim":["Congressman James A. Haley Collection, 1948-1977"],"repository_ssm":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections"],"repository_ssim":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Washington D.C."],"geogname_ssim":["Washington D.C."],"creator_ssm":["Haley, James A., Congressman "],"creator_ssim":["Haley, James A., Congressman "],"creator_persname_ssim":["Haley, James A., Congressman "],"creators_ssim":["Haley, James A., Congressman "],"places_ssim":["Washington D.C."],"access_terms_ssm":["The Congressman James A. Haley Papers are owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by\nthe copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Please inquire if you have questions -\narchives@flsouthern.edu. ","Constituent Correspondence files are restricted from publication until 2052"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Florida--Politics","Lakeland and Polk County Politics","United States. Congress","House of Representatives--Florida--State Legislature","Circus--management","Correspondence","Clippings","Speeches"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Florida--Politics","Lakeland and Polk County Politics","United States. Congress","House of Representatives--Florida--State Legislature","Circus--management","Correspondence","Clippings","Speeches"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["150 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["150 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Clippings","Speeches"],"date_range_isim":[1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to\nunprocessed born digital materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to\nunprocessed born digital materials."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this collection were maintained by the subject's staff by issue and date. With some modifications allowing for clarity, they have been arranged in a similar fashion. However, you will find that individual issues may appear under multiple subject headings. For example, \"Watergate\" may\nappear under its own heading as well as under \"Richard Nixon\" or \"Nixon Administration.\" Please note that even though the files are arranged by issue, some correspondence might also be located in \"catch-all\" categories such as \"Haley Bills: Master File: 83rd Congress: 1953-1954,\"\n\"Correspondence: 19XX,\" to use but two examples.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJames A. Haley, as chairman of the House Interior Committee during the 1970s, was instrumental in the creation of Big Cypress National Preserve. Franklin Adams lobbied for the establishment of the Big Cypress National Preserve along with many other environmental issues. The Franklin Adams Papers are housed at Florida International University. The Franklin Adams Collection, SPC9000, at Florida International University, Miami. \u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The materials in this collection were maintained by the subject's staff by issue and date. With some modifications allowing for clarity, they have been arranged in a similar fashion. However, you will find that individual issues may appear under multiple subject headings. For example, \"Watergate\" may\nappear under its own heading as well as under \"Richard Nixon\" or \"Nixon Administration.\" Please note that even though the files are arranged by issue, some correspondence might also be located in \"catch-all\" categories such as \"Haley Bills: Master File: 83rd Congress: 1953-1954,\"\n\"Correspondence: 19XX,\" to use but two examples.","James A. Haley, as chairman of the House Interior Committee during the 1970s, was instrumental in the creation of Big Cypress National Preserve. Franklin Adams lobbied for the establishment of the Big Cypress National Preserve along with many other environmental issues. The Franklin Adams Papers are housed at Florida International University. The Franklin Adams Collection, SPC9000, at Florida International University, Miami. "],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames Andrew Haley (January 4, 1899 \u0026#x2013; August 6, 1981) was a U.S. Representative from Florida. Born in Jacksonville, Alabama, Haley attended the public schools and the University of Alabama. He served in the U.S. Army during World War I, and saw combat in France. He was an accountant in Sarasota, Florida, from 1920 to 1933 and served as general manager of the John Ringling estate from 1933 to 1943.\nOn December 4, 1942, Haley married Aubrey Ringling (n\u0026#xE9;e Aubrey Barlow Black), the widow of Richard T. Ringling who had died in 1931. Richard Ringling was the son of one of the original Ringling brothers. From 1943 to 1945, he was the first vice president of Ringling Circus and president and\ndirector of Ringling Brothers, Barnum \u0026amp; Bailey. In 1944, a fire broke out at a Ringling Circus show in Hartford, Connecticut that killed 169 persons. As a result of the fire he and five other circus officials pleaded no contest to charges of involuntary manslaughter and were sentenced to prison. He served\neight months and in 1945 was returned to Florida, where he received a pardon from Governor Millard F. Caldwell. Upon his release from prison, Haley again served as president and director for the Ringling Bros. and Barnum and Bailey Circus of Sarasota from 1946 to 1948. He engaged in newspaper publishing and\nlater in general printing business. He served as chairman of the Democratic Executive Committee of Sarasota County 1935\u0026#x2013;1952. He was elected and served as member of the Florida House of Representatives from 1949 to 1952. He was a delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1952, 1956, and 1960.\nHaley was elected as a Democrat to the Eighty-third and to the eleven succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1953 \u0026#x2013; January 3, 1977). He was a member of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, the Hospital Subcommittee of the Veterans Affair Committee, and the Indian Affairs Subcommittee. He served as chairman of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs (Ninety-third\nand Ninety-fourth Congresses). Haley was not a candidate for reelection to the Ninety-fifth Congress in 1976.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHaley died in Sarasota on August 6, 1981 and was interred in Boca Raton Cemetery in Boca Raton,FL. The James A. Haley Veterans Hospital located in Tampa is named for him. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources: U.S. House of Representatives Official Biography and Haley Papers biographical data, 2018\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["James Andrew Haley (January 4, 1899 – August 6, 1981) was a U.S. Representative from Florida. Born in Jacksonville, Alabama, Haley attended the public schools and the University of Alabama. He served in the U.S. Army during World War I, and saw combat in France. He was an accountant in Sarasota, Florida, from 1920 to 1933 and served as general manager of the John Ringling estate from 1933 to 1943.\nOn December 4, 1942, Haley married Aubrey Ringling (née Aubrey Barlow Black), the widow of Richard T. Ringling who had died in 1931. Richard Ringling was the son of one of the original Ringling brothers. From 1943 to 1945, he was the first vice president of Ringling Circus and president and\ndirector of Ringling Brothers, Barnum \u0026 Bailey. In 1944, a fire broke out at a Ringling Circus show in Hartford, Connecticut that killed 169 persons. As a result of the fire he and five other circus officials pleaded no contest to charges of involuntary manslaughter and were sentenced to prison. He served\neight months and in 1945 was returned to Florida, where he received a pardon from Governor Millard F. Caldwell. Upon his release from prison, Haley again served as president and director for the Ringling Bros. and Barnum and Bailey Circus of Sarasota from 1946 to 1948. He engaged in newspaper publishing and\nlater in general printing business. He served as chairman of the Democratic Executive Committee of Sarasota County 1935–1952. He was elected and served as member of the Florida House of Representatives from 1949 to 1952. He was a delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1952, 1956, and 1960.\nHaley was elected as a Democrat to the Eighty-third and to the eleven succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1953 – January 3, 1977). He was a member of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, the Hospital Subcommittee of the Veterans Affair Committee, and the Indian Affairs Subcommittee. He served as chairman of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs (Ninety-third\nand Ninety-fourth Congresses). Haley was not a candidate for reelection to the Ninety-fifth Congress in 1976.","Haley died in Sarasota on August 6, 1981 and was interred in Boca Raton Cemetery in Boca Raton,FL. The James A. Haley Veterans Hospital located in Tampa is named for him. ","Sources: U.S. House of Representatives Official Biography and Haley Papers biographical data, 2018"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe James A. Haley Papers consist of his personal and political papers. Correspondence, clippings, newsletters, photographs, congressional reports, and awards from various civic and political organizations give insight into Haley's public interests. Photographs of his wife, the Circus and political\naffiliates uncover the many facets of Haley's life. A limited amount of biographical information, including news articles about his death, reflect on how this public figure kept his private life private. Of note is the\nseries about the Hartford Circus fire. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Papers are arranged in five collections: Personal, Hartford Circus Fire, Political, Florida House of Representatives, and U.S. Congressional.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Personal papers, arranged alphabetically by format, consists of calendars, correspondence, newsletters, photographs, awards and other ephemera giving a broad look into Haley's life in and out of office. A limited amount of biographical information, including news articles about his death, is included.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHaley Papers\nCorrespondence, newsletters, and awards from various civic and political organizations show the range of Haley's public interests while the invitations he accepted give a sense of the social life of a congressman in the 1950s-1970s. Congratulatory messages may give insight into who he counted\namong his political allies. The correspondence in this series, 1940-1981, the bulk of which are letters from Haley's time in the U.S. House of Representative (1953-1976) is of a general nature and may not be of a specific topic, but often must still be viewed as official. Since Haley was a public figure, the materials in this series should be viewed in the context that public figures kept their private life private.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe ephemera is mostly three-dimensional objects from Haley's office. The photographs within this series are also generally of an official nature. They are arranged by subject. Of particular note are the\nphotographs of Haley with several U.S. Presidents. Please see a digital exhibit at\nhttp://www.flsouthern.edu/library/mckay-archives/digital-exhibits/haley-presidents.aspx.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Hartford Circus Fire collection encompasses documentation of the burning of a tent at the Ringling Bros. and Barnum \u0026amp; Baily Circus in Hartford, Connecticut on July 6, 1944, the loss of 150 lives, and the resulting trial. As first vice president of the Company, James A. Haley took responsibility, was found\nguilty of manslaughter, and served time in a federal prison. The documentation is comprised of, but not limited to, correspondence, news clippings, financial documents and court records. Correspondence takes the form of letters and telegrams with topics between Haley and staff and Haley and lawyers about what happened in the fire and with the trial. There are also letters to Haley while he is in jail, mostly regarding his personal health and welfare. There are extensive newspaper clippings about the fire and the trial. Corporate information includes circus routes, minutes and by-laws. The financial documents are extensive and record the financial standing of the circus, while Court Records consist of trial scripts, pleas, and scripts from the parole hearing. Anyone searching for general understanding of the events of the fire should look at the newspapers, and then the letters and telegrams.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Political Papers collection concerns Haley's campaigns and party work. As a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, Haley was up for reelection every two years. The Campaign Files sub-series contains correspondence, government records, news articles, and other documents related to the subject's political campaigns between 1952 and 1974. Of special interest are the endorsements which how where and from whom he received his political support from.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Democratic Party sub-collection reflects the subject's involvement with his political party. He served as a delegate to several Democratic National Conventions over the course of his career. He also took an interest in other political races throughout Florida and the nation. This series contains correspondence and newspaper articles concerning elections not specific to the subject, as well as general party information for candidates and booklets produced for the conventions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Florida House of Representatives collection encompass Haley's career as the State Representative for Sarasota County in the Florida House of Representatives. Haley held this office from 1948-1952. The materials are arranged in as logical order as possible. There was no discernable order prior to processing as the materials had been housed and rehoused several times since they were donated to the college. Of special note are the materials related to the Haley Committee Investigating Crime, which investigated political corruption and organized crime in the state. The collection also includes materials concerning state issues of the day, as well as issues specific to Sarasota County. Additionally, there are reference materials used by the subject in the performance of his duties. The Haley Committee on Investigating Crime sub-series contains transcripts of hearings, proceedings,\ncorrespondence, and news articles related to this committee, while the Issues sub-series is arranged Haley Papers\nalphabetically and contains correspondence, legislation, news articles, and reference material related to the respective issue. The Reference sub-series contain Florida House and Senate Bill Summaries, Legislative calendars, House and Senate Journals, and roll call votes. And, the Sarasota District subseries contain correspondence, reference materials, and news articles related specifically to that district.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. Congressional Papers, the largest collection, comprise the political aspects of Haley's US congressional career. The materials are arranged in alphabetical order created by his office. Haley held a seat representing the southwest coast and heartland of Florida from 1953-1977. The materials in this\nseries contain correspondence, articles, government documents, and photographs; they cover nearly every major issue to confront the United States during the 1950s through the 1970s. Of special note is the constituent correspondence, which are letters from citizens to Haley asking for information or help on a variety of topics. Letters and telegrams sent to Haley by citizens in his district give a sense of the\nviews of the general public concerning the issues of the era. Haley's views are expressed in his replies. The materials are arranged alphabetically by issue and date. This arrangement closely corresponds to how they were filed in the subject's office. Please note that even though the files are arranged by issue, some correspondence might also be located in \"catch-all\" categories such as \"Haley Bills: Master File: 83rd Congress: 1953-1954,\"\n\"Correspondence: 19XX,\" to use but two examples. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The James A. Haley Papers consist of his personal and political papers. Correspondence, clippings, newsletters, photographs, congressional reports, and awards from various civic and political organizations give insight into Haley's public interests. Photographs of his wife, the Circus and political\naffiliates uncover the many facets of Haley's life. A limited amount of biographical information, including news articles about his death, reflect on how this public figure kept his private life private. Of note is the\nseries about the Hartford Circus fire. ","The Papers are arranged in five collections: Personal, Hartford Circus Fire, Political, Florida House of Representatives, and U.S. Congressional.","The Personal papers, arranged alphabetically by format, consists of calendars, correspondence, newsletters, photographs, awards and other ephemera giving a broad look into Haley's life in and out of office. A limited amount of biographical information, including news articles about his death, is included.","Haley Papers\nCorrespondence, newsletters, and awards from various civic and political organizations show the range of Haley's public interests while the invitations he accepted give a sense of the social life of a congressman in the 1950s-1970s. Congratulatory messages may give insight into who he counted\namong his political allies. The correspondence in this series, 1940-1981, the bulk of which are letters from Haley's time in the U.S. House of Representative (1953-1976) is of a general nature and may not be of a specific topic, but often must still be viewed as official. Since Haley was a public figure, the materials in this series should be viewed in the context that public figures kept their private life private.","The ephemera is mostly three-dimensional objects from Haley's office. The photographs within this series are also generally of an official nature. They are arranged by subject. Of particular note are the\nphotographs of Haley with several U.S. Presidents. Please see a digital exhibit at\nhttp://www.flsouthern.edu/library/mckay-archives/digital-exhibits/haley-presidents.aspx.","The Hartford Circus Fire collection encompasses documentation of the burning of a tent at the Ringling Bros. and Barnum \u0026 Baily Circus in Hartford, Connecticut on July 6, 1944, the loss of 150 lives, and the resulting trial. As first vice president of the Company, James A. Haley took responsibility, was found\nguilty of manslaughter, and served time in a federal prison. The documentation is comprised of, but not limited to, correspondence, news clippings, financial documents and court records. Correspondence takes the form of letters and telegrams with topics between Haley and staff and Haley and lawyers about what happened in the fire and with the trial. There are also letters to Haley while he is in jail, mostly regarding his personal health and welfare. There are extensive newspaper clippings about the fire and the trial. Corporate information includes circus routes, minutes and by-laws. The financial documents are extensive and record the financial standing of the circus, while Court Records consist of trial scripts, pleas, and scripts from the parole hearing. Anyone searching for general understanding of the events of the fire should look at the newspapers, and then the letters and telegrams.","The Political Papers collection concerns Haley's campaigns and party work. As a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, Haley was up for reelection every two years. The Campaign Files sub-series contains correspondence, government records, news articles, and other documents related to the subject's political campaigns between 1952 and 1974. Of special interest are the endorsements which how where and from whom he received his political support from.","The Democratic Party sub-collection reflects the subject's involvement with his political party. He served as a delegate to several Democratic National Conventions over the course of his career. He also took an interest in other political races throughout Florida and the nation. This series contains correspondence and newspaper articles concerning elections not specific to the subject, as well as general party information for candidates and booklets produced for the conventions.","The Florida House of Representatives collection encompass Haley's career as the State Representative for Sarasota County in the Florida House of Representatives. Haley held this office from 1948-1952. The materials are arranged in as logical order as possible. There was no discernable order prior to processing as the materials had been housed and rehoused several times since they were donated to the college. Of special note are the materials related to the Haley Committee Investigating Crime, which investigated political corruption and organized crime in the state. The collection also includes materials concerning state issues of the day, as well as issues specific to Sarasota County. Additionally, there are reference materials used by the subject in the performance of his duties. The Haley Committee on Investigating Crime sub-series contains transcripts of hearings, proceedings,\ncorrespondence, and news articles related to this committee, while the Issues sub-series is arranged Haley Papers\nalphabetically and contains correspondence, legislation, news articles, and reference material related to the respective issue. The Reference sub-series contain Florida House and Senate Bill Summaries, Legislative calendars, House and Senate Journals, and roll call votes. And, the Sarasota District subseries contain correspondence, reference materials, and news articles related specifically to that district.","The U.S. Congressional Papers, the largest collection, comprise the political aspects of Haley's US congressional career. The materials are arranged in alphabetical order created by his office. Haley held a seat representing the southwest coast and heartland of Florida from 1953-1977. The materials in this\nseries contain correspondence, articles, government documents, and photographs; they cover nearly every major issue to confront the United States during the 1950s through the 1970s. Of special note is the constituent correspondence, which are letters from citizens to Haley asking for information or help on a variety of topics. Letters and telegrams sent to Haley by citizens in his district give a sense of the\nviews of the general public concerning the issues of the era. Haley's views are expressed in his replies. The materials are arranged alphabetically by issue and date. This arrangement closely corresponds to how they were filed in the subject's office. Please note that even though the files are arranged by issue, some correspondence might also be located in \"catch-all\" categories such as \"Haley Bills: Master File: 83rd Congress: 1953-1954,\"\n\"Correspondence: 19XX,\" to use but two examples. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Congressman James A. Haley Papers are owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by\nthe copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Please inquire if you have questions -\narchives@flsouthern.edu. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eConstituent Correspondence files are restricted from publication until 2052\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Congressman James A. Haley Papers are owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by\nthe copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Please inquire if you have questions -\narchives@flsouthern.edu. ","Constituent Correspondence files are restricted from publication until 2052"],"names_ssim":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections","Haley, James A., Congressman "],"corpname_ssim":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Haley, James A., Congressman "],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":4376,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1875924461057736704,"_root_":"731b674a396f199a6d388d63","timestamp":"2026-09-10T06:16:17.977Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/731b674a396f199a6d388d63_aspace_08aa7d11389c864e360bcc3e351efc8c"}},{"id":"05a98c5b9134be606136de87_aspace_f9fa378d855dbf2b0a12dbfe6919c378","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"National Publications, 1972–1977, undated","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/05a98c5b9134be606136de87_aspace_f9fa378d855dbf2b0a12dbfe6919c378#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_f9fa378d855dbf2b0a12dbfe6919c378","ref_ssm":["aspace_f9fa378d855dbf2b0a12dbfe6919c378","aspace_f9fa378d855dbf2b0a12dbfe6919c378"],"id":"05a98c5b9134be606136de87_aspace_f9fa378d855dbf2b0a12dbfe6919c378","title_filing_ssi":"National Publications","title_ssm":["National Publications"],"title_tesim":["National Publications"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1972–1977","undated"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1972–1977, undated"],"normalized_title_ssm":["National Publications, 1972–1977, undated"],"text":["National Publications, 1972–1977, undated","Marilyn Crotty papers, 1972-2018, bulk 1976-1978","Commission on the Status of Women, 1972–1996","Organizational Records, 1972–1983","/repositories/4/archival_objects/91708","box 1","folder 13"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["05a98c5b9134be606136de87","05a98c5b9134be606136de87_aspace_0c40d9fdc650ce50194c2f8952777a0c","05a98c5b9134be606136de87_aspace_a24543d500571478b3b1bb9da7ea8afa"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Marilyn Crotty papers, 1972-2018, bulk 1976-1978","Commission on the Status of Women, 1972–1996","Organizational Records, 1972–1983"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Marilyn Crotty papers, 1972-2018, bulk 1976-1978","Commission on the Status of Women, 1972–1996","Organizational Records, 1972–1983"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Subseries"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/4/archival_objects/91708"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Marilyn Crotty papers, 1972-2018, bulk 1976-1978"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":16,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The entire collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"date_range_isim":[1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977],"containers_ssim":["box 1","folder 13"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#0/components#6","_nest_parent_":"05a98c5b9134be606136de87_aspace_a24543d500571478b3b1bb9da7ea8afa","_root_":"05a98c5b9134be606136de87","_version_":1874028555102322688,"timestamp":"2026-08-20T08:01:41.213Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"05a98c5b9134be606136de87","title_ssm":["Marilyn Crotty papers"],"title_tesim":["Marilyn Crotty papers"],"ead_ssi":"05a98c5b9134be606136de87","unitdate_ssm":["1972-2018","1976-1978"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1976-1978"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1972-2018"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC189","/repositories/4/resources/387"],"text":["SC189","/repositories/4/resources/387","Marilyn Crotty papers, 1972-2018, bulk 1976-1978","Equal Rights Amendments -- United States","Equal Rights Amendments","Feminism -- United States","Feminism","International Women's Decade, 1976-1985","International Women's Year, 1975","Women's rights -- United States","publications (documents)","programs (documents)","brochures","newspaper clippings","minutes (administrative records)","The entire collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged into two series as follows:\n Series I. Personal Files, 1976-2018 Series II. Commission on the Status of Women, 1972-1996","Marilyn Ettinger Crotty is a Florida educator, activist, and civic leader whose career included work in public service, local government, and higher education.  Born in 1942 to Beatrice Bornstein Ettinger and Leon Ettinger, Crotty earned a B.S. in Nursing from the University of Florida in 1963. Following graduation, she lived in San Francisco, California with her husband, Garrett Crotty, devoting her time to volunteer work, community service, and raising their three sons.  ","In 1968, she joined the League of Women Voters of San Francisco. When her family returned to Florida in 1971, she remained active in the League, participating in local and national initiatives, such as efforts to ratify the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA). She served as President of the Seminole County League of Women Voters from 1973 to 1975, then as a board member of the Florida League for six years.  She worked at various times alongside her mother, Beatrice Ettinger, who helped to establish the Central Florida Educational Consortium for Women and served as Vice President of the Florida League of Women Voters. Crotty received a Lifetime Achievement Award from the League of Women Voters in 2021.  ","Crotty later served as Executive Director of the Tri County League of Cities, representing municipalities in Orange, Seminole, and Osceola counties, and as a faculty member on the Florida League of Cities Institute for Elected Municipal Officials. She also served on the East Central Florida Regional Planning Council, the Florida Environmental Efficiency Study Commission, and the Florida Governor's Commission on the Status of Women (COSOW). Charged with improving public awareness of the needs and concerns of Florida women, COSOW advocated for women's education, employment, equal pay, and domestic violence support.  They also worked to establish local commissions throughout the state and were involved in International Women's Year (1975). ","Crotty had a long relationship with Central Florida's higher education institutions. In 1982, she established Valencia Community College's Center for Community Leadership, a state-funded institute that provided training programs for local government employees and elected officials. In 1990, the University of Central Florida hired her to direct the John Scott Dailey Institute of Government, a position she held until her retirement in 2018. ","Processed by and finding aid prepared by Ava Botwin in 2026.","Other materials related to the Commission on the Status of Women, Marilyn Crotty, and feminist efforts in Central Florida can be found in the  Beatrice B. Ettinger Papers . Similar materials may also be found in the  Phyllis J. Hudson papers  and the  Lynda Van Scoyoc papers  as well.","The Marilyn Crotty papers, 1972-2018 (bulk 1976-1978), chiefly consist of news clippings, correspondence, reports, organizational records, and publications collected by Marilyn Crotty during her involvement with the Florida Governor's Commission on the Status of Women (COSOW). This collection documents the commission's organizational history and its efforts toward the betterment of women in the Central Florida area. The collection offers a glimpse into second-wave feminist activism in Florida and strategies in the 1970s to promote the feminist movement and gain support.   ","Series I: Personal Files, 1976-2018, contains Marilyn Crotty's personal papers, including personal correspondence, publications, and materials related to Crotty's role in public service positions outside of the Florida Governor's Commission on the Status of Women. It also includes news clippings relating to Crotty and her achievements. This series is arranged alphabetically by topic. ","Series II: Commission on the Status of Women, 1972-1996, consists of material relating to the Florida Governor's Commission on the Status of Women (COSOW). Subseries I, Organizational Records, features internal records of the Commission, including interlocal agreements, ordinances, and testimonies about the creation of the Commission, as well as meeting minutes, reports, and news articles. It also holds publications produced by both the Central Florida COSOW and other national feminist organizations. This subseries is arranged by topic in alphabetical order.  Subseries II, Initiatives, contains material related to various causes and actions that COSOW supported or engaged in, including women's education, employment, and spousal abuse support. There is a sizable number of materials on the Equal Rights Amendment. This subseries is arranged by topic in alphabetical order. ","Materials concerning Bea Ettinger and the Commission on Continuing Education for Women were added to the  Beatrice B. Ettinger Papers .","Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","The Marilyn Crotty papers, 1972-2018 (bulk 1976-1978), chiefly consist of news clippings, correspondence, reports, organizational records, and publications collected by Marilyn Crotty during her involvement with the Florida Governor's Commission on the Status of Women (COSOW). This collection documents the commission's organizational history and its efforts toward the betterment of women in the Central Florida area. The collection offers a glimpse into second-wave feminist activism in Florida and strategies in the 1970s to promote the feminist movement and gain support.\n\nMarilyn Ettinger Crotty is a Florida educator, activist, and civic leader whose career included work in public service, local government, and higher education. She served on the East Central Florida Regional Planning Council, the Florida Environmental Efficiency Study Commission, and the Florida Governor's Commission on the Status of Women (COSOW). In 1982, she established Valencia Community College's Center for Community Leadership, a state-funded institute that provided training programs for local government employees and elected officials. In 1990, the University of Central Florida hired her to direct the John Scott Dailey Institute of Government, a position she held until her retirement in 2018.","UCF Special Collections","Florida League of Women Voters","Florida. Governor's Commission on the Status of Women","Crotty, Marilyn, 1942-","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC189","/repositories/4/resources/387"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1972-2018, bulk 1976-1978"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Marilyn Crotty papers, 1972-2018, bulk 1976-1978"],"collection_title_tesim":["Marilyn Crotty papers, 1972-2018, bulk 1976-1978"],"collection_ssim":["Marilyn Crotty papers, 1972-2018, bulk 1976-1978"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"creator_ssm":["Crotty, Marilyn, 1942-"],"creator_ssim":["Crotty, Marilyn, 1942-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Crotty, Marilyn, 1942-"],"creators_ssim":["Crotty, Marilyn, 1942-"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Marilyn Crotty in 2026 (Accession no. CFM2026_04)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Equal Rights Amendments -- United States","Equal Rights Amendments","Feminism -- United States","Feminism","International Women's Decade, 1976-1985","International Women's Year, 1975","Women's rights -- United States","publications (documents)","programs (documents)","brochures","newspaper clippings","minutes (administrative records)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Equal Rights Amendments -- United States","Equal Rights Amendments","Feminism -- United States","Feminism","International Women's Decade, 1976-1985","International Women's Year, 1975","Women's rights -- United States","publications (documents)","programs (documents)","brochures","newspaper clippings","minutes (administrative records)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.3 Linear Feet 3 boxes, 1 flat file"],"extent_tesim":["1.3 Linear Feet 3 boxes, 1 flat file"],"genreform_ssim":["publications (documents)","programs (documents)","brochures","newspaper clippings","minutes (administrative records)"],"date_range_isim":[1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into two series as follows:\n\u003cul style=\"list-style-type: none\"\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eSeries I. Personal Files, 1976-2018\u003c/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eSeries II. Commission on the Status of Women, 1972-1996\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into two series as follows:\n Series I. Personal Files, 1976-2018 Series II. Commission on the Status of Women, 1972-1996"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMarilyn Ettinger Crotty is a Florida educator, activist, and civic leader whose career included work in public service, local government, and higher education.  Born in 1942 to Beatrice Bornstein Ettinger and Leon Ettinger, Crotty earned a B.S. in Nursing from the University of Florida in 1963. Following graduation, she lived in San Francisco, California with her husband, Garrett Crotty, devoting her time to volunteer work, community service, and raising their three sons.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1968, she joined the League of Women Voters of San Francisco. When her family returned to Florida in 1971, she remained active in the League, participating in local and national initiatives, such as efforts to ratify the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA). She served as President of the Seminole County League of Women Voters from 1973 to 1975, then as a board member of the Florida League for six years.  She worked at various times alongside her mother, Beatrice Ettinger, who helped to establish the Central Florida Educational Consortium for Women and served as Vice President of the Florida League of Women Voters. Crotty received a Lifetime Achievement Award from the League of Women Voters in 2021.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCrotty later served as Executive Director of the Tri County League of Cities, representing municipalities in Orange, Seminole, and Osceola counties, and as a faculty member on the Florida League of Cities Institute for Elected Municipal Officials. She also served on the East Central Florida Regional Planning Council, the Florida Environmental Efficiency Study Commission, and the Florida Governor's Commission on the Status of Women (COSOW). Charged with improving public awareness of the needs and concerns of Florida women, COSOW advocated for women's education, employment, equal pay, and domestic violence support.  They also worked to establish local commissions throughout the state and were involved in International Women's Year (1975). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCrotty had a long relationship with Central Florida's higher education institutions. In 1982, she established Valencia Community College's Center for Community Leadership, a state-funded institute that provided training programs for local government employees and elected officials. In 1990, the University of Central Florida hired her to direct the John Scott Dailey Institute of Government, a position she held until her retirement in 2018. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Marilyn Ettinger Crotty is a Florida educator, activist, and civic leader whose career included work in public service, local government, and higher education.  Born in 1942 to Beatrice Bornstein Ettinger and Leon Ettinger, Crotty earned a B.S. in Nursing from the University of Florida in 1963. Following graduation, she lived in San Francisco, California with her husband, Garrett Crotty, devoting her time to volunteer work, community service, and raising their three sons.  ","In 1968, she joined the League of Women Voters of San Francisco. When her family returned to Florida in 1971, she remained active in the League, participating in local and national initiatives, such as efforts to ratify the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA). She served as President of the Seminole County League of Women Voters from 1973 to 1975, then as a board member of the Florida League for six years.  She worked at various times alongside her mother, Beatrice Ettinger, who helped to establish the Central Florida Educational Consortium for Women and served as Vice President of the Florida League of Women Voters. Crotty received a Lifetime Achievement Award from the League of Women Voters in 2021.  ","Crotty later served as Executive Director of the Tri County League of Cities, representing municipalities in Orange, Seminole, and Osceola counties, and as a faculty member on the Florida League of Cities Institute for Elected Municipal Officials. She also served on the East Central Florida Regional Planning Council, the Florida Environmental Efficiency Study Commission, and the Florida Governor's Commission on the Status of Women (COSOW). Charged with improving public awareness of the needs and concerns of Florida women, COSOW advocated for women's education, employment, equal pay, and domestic violence support.  They also worked to establish local commissions throughout the state and were involved in International Women's Year (1975). ","Crotty had a long relationship with Central Florida's higher education institutions. In 1982, she established Valencia Community College's Center for Community Leadership, a state-funded institute that provided training programs for local government employees and elected officials. In 1990, the University of Central Florida hired her to direct the John Scott Dailey Institute of Government, a position she held until her retirement in 2018. "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Marilyn Crotty papers, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Marilyn Crotty papers, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by and finding aid prepared by Ava Botwin in 2026.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by and finding aid prepared by Ava Botwin in 2026."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOther materials related to the Commission on the Status of Women, Marilyn Crotty, and feminist efforts in Central Florida can be found in the \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2002-02\"\u003eBeatrice B. Ettinger Papers\u003c/extref\u003e. Similar materials may also be found in the \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2005-02\"\u003ePhyllis J. Hudson papers\u003c/extref\u003e and the \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2005-15\"\u003eLynda Van Scoyoc papers\u003c/extref\u003e as well.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Other materials related to the Commission on the Status of Women, Marilyn Crotty, and feminist efforts in Central Florida can be found in the  Beatrice B. Ettinger Papers . Similar materials may also be found in the  Phyllis J. Hudson papers  and the  Lynda Van Scoyoc papers  as well."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Marilyn Crotty papers, 1972-2018 (bulk 1976-1978), chiefly consist of news clippings, correspondence, reports, organizational records, and publications collected by Marilyn Crotty during her involvement with the Florida Governor's Commission on the Status of Women (COSOW). This collection documents the commission's organizational history and its efforts toward the betterment of women in the Central Florida area. The collection offers a glimpse into second-wave feminist activism in Florida and strategies in the 1970s to promote the feminist movement and gain support.   \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Personal Files, 1976-2018, contains Marilyn Crotty's personal papers, including personal correspondence, publications, and materials related to Crotty's role in public service positions outside of the Florida Governor's Commission on the Status of Women. It also includes news clippings relating to Crotty and her achievements. This series is arranged alphabetically by topic. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries II: Commission on the Status of Women, 1972-1996, consists of material relating to the Florida Governor's Commission on the Status of Women (COSOW). Subseries I, Organizational Records, features internal records of the Commission, including interlocal agreements, ordinances, and testimonies about the creation of the Commission, as well as meeting minutes, reports, and news articles. It also holds publications produced by both the Central Florida COSOW and other national feminist organizations. This subseries is arranged by topic in alphabetical order.  Subseries II, Initiatives, contains material related to various causes and actions that COSOW supported or engaged in, including women's education, employment, and spousal abuse support. There is a sizable number of materials on the Equal Rights Amendment. This subseries is arranged by topic in alphabetical order. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Marilyn Crotty papers, 1972-2018 (bulk 1976-1978), chiefly consist of news clippings, correspondence, reports, organizational records, and publications collected by Marilyn Crotty during her involvement with the Florida Governor's Commission on the Status of Women (COSOW). This collection documents the commission's organizational history and its efforts toward the betterment of women in the Central Florida area. The collection offers a glimpse into second-wave feminist activism in Florida and strategies in the 1970s to promote the feminist movement and gain support.   ","Series I: Personal Files, 1976-2018, contains Marilyn Crotty's personal papers, including personal correspondence, publications, and materials related to Crotty's role in public service positions outside of the Florida Governor's Commission on the Status of Women. It also includes news clippings relating to Crotty and her achievements. This series is arranged alphabetically by topic. ","Series II: Commission on the Status of Women, 1972-1996, consists of material relating to the Florida Governor's Commission on the Status of Women (COSOW). Subseries I, Organizational Records, features internal records of the Commission, including interlocal agreements, ordinances, and testimonies about the creation of the Commission, as well as meeting minutes, reports, and news articles. It also holds publications produced by both the Central Florida COSOW and other national feminist organizations. This subseries is arranged by topic in alphabetical order.  Subseries II, Initiatives, contains material related to various causes and actions that COSOW supported or engaged in, including women's education, employment, and spousal abuse support. There is a sizable number of materials on the Equal Rights Amendment. This subseries is arranged by topic in alphabetical order. "],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials concerning Bea Ettinger and the Commission on Continuing Education for Women were added to the \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2002-02\"\u003eBeatrice B. Ettinger Papers\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Materials concerning Bea Ettinger and the Commission on Continuing Education for Women were added to the  Beatrice B. Ettinger Papers ."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Copyright Statement"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_6775f3d81f85428dce8e0c525e6a2237\"\u003eThe Marilyn Crotty papers, 1972-2018 (bulk 1976-1978), chiefly consist of news clippings, correspondence, reports, organizational records, and publications collected by Marilyn Crotty during her involvement with the Florida Governor's Commission on the Status of Women (COSOW). This collection documents the commission's organizational history and its efforts toward the betterment of women in the Central Florida area. The collection offers a glimpse into second-wave feminist activism in Florida and strategies in the 1970s to promote the feminist movement and gain support.\n\nMarilyn Ettinger Crotty is a Florida educator, activist, and civic leader whose career included work in public service, local government, and higher education. She served on the East Central Florida Regional Planning Council, the Florida Environmental Efficiency Study Commission, and the Florida Governor's Commission on the Status of Women (COSOW). In 1982, she established Valencia Community College's Center for Community Leadership, a state-funded institute that provided training programs for local government employees and elected officials. In 1990, the University of Central Florida hired her to direct the John Scott Dailey Institute of Government, a position she held until her retirement in 2018.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Marilyn Crotty papers, 1972-2018 (bulk 1976-1978), chiefly consist of news clippings, correspondence, reports, organizational records, and publications collected by Marilyn Crotty during her involvement with the Florida Governor's Commission on the Status of Women (COSOW). This collection documents the commission's organizational history and its efforts toward the betterment of women in the Central Florida area. The collection offers a glimpse into second-wave feminist activism in Florida and strategies in the 1970s to promote the feminist movement and gain support.\n\nMarilyn Ettinger Crotty is a Florida educator, activist, and civic leader whose career included work in public service, local government, and higher education. She served on the East Central Florida Regional Planning Council, the Florida Environmental Efficiency Study Commission, and the Florida Governor's Commission on the Status of Women (COSOW). In 1982, she established Valencia Community College's Center for Community Leadership, a state-funded institute that provided training programs for local government employees and elected officials. In 1990, the University of Central Florida hired her to direct the John Scott Dailey Institute of Government, a position she held until her retirement in 2018."],"names_coll_ssim":["Florida League of Women Voters","Florida. Governor's Commission on the Status of Women","Crotty, Marilyn, 1942-"],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Florida League of Women Voters","Florida. Governor's Commission on the Status of Women","Crotty, Marilyn, 1942-"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Florida League of Women Voters","Florida. Governor's Commission on the Status of Women"],"persname_ssim":["Crotty, Marilyn, 1942-"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":37,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1874028555102322688,"_root_":"05a98c5b9134be606136de87","timestamp":"2026-08-20T08:01:41.213Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/05a98c5b9134be606136de87_aspace_f9fa378d855dbf2b0a12dbfe6919c378"}},{"id":"5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62_aspace_5c1595d40c522f31044169dfcc78c1ba","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"National Urban League 1993 Conference, 1975","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62_aspace_5c1595d40c522f31044169dfcc78c1ba#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_5c1595d40c522f31044169dfcc78c1ba","ref_ssm":["aspace_5c1595d40c522f31044169dfcc78c1ba","aspace_5c1595d40c522f31044169dfcc78c1ba"],"id":"5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62_aspace_5c1595d40c522f31044169dfcc78c1ba","title_filing_ssi":"National Urban League 1993 Conference","title_ssm":["National Urban League 1993 Conference"],"title_tesim":["National Urban League 1993 Conference"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1975"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1975"],"normalized_title_ssm":["National Urban League 1993 Conference, 1975"],"text":["National Urban League 1993 Conference, 1975","Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006","Writings by Niara Sudarkasa","Speeches and Lectures","/repositories/2/archival_objects/28774","box 35","folder 10"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62","5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62_aspace_b5365ab1884eb615bb19cd586fd94d24","5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62_aspace_5a1303dec2f1da6a46336f1e37d205e3"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006","Writings by Niara Sudarkasa","Speeches and Lectures"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006","Writings by Niara Sudarkasa","Speeches and Lectures"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Subseries"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/2/archival_objects/28774"],"repository_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":757,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The Niara Sudarkasa Collection is open for research."],"date_range_isim":[1975],"containers_ssim":["box 35","folder 10"],"_nest_path_":"/components#3/components#2/components#135","_nest_parent_":"5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62_aspace_5a1303dec2f1da6a46336f1e37d205e3","_root_":"5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62","timestamp":"2026-04-21T02:08:51.248Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62","title_filing_ssi":"Sudarkasa, Niara Collection","title_ssm":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection"],"title_tesim":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection"],"ead_ssi":"5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62","unitdate_ssm":["1934-2006"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1934-2006"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["AARLCC.2006.4","/repositories/2/resources/51"],"text":["AARLCC.2006.4","/repositories/2/resources/51","Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006","Bahamian Americans","Correspondence","Photographs","plaques (flat objects)","Periodicals","The Niara Sudarkasa Collection is open for research.","View a selection of digitized materials from the Niara Sudarkasa Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives.","Niara Sudarkasa, born Gloria Albertha Marshall to a Bahamian immigrant family on August 14, 1938, in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, demonstrated exceptional academic promise from an early age. She graduated from Dillard High School at just 14 years old and, at 15, entered Fisk University on a Ford Foundation scholarship to study English. Her intellectual journey deepened at Oberlin College, where exposure to courses on the African diaspora inspired her to change her major to Sociology-Anthropology, earning her bachelor's degree in 1957.","Gloria enrolled at Columbia University in New York, where she pursued graduate studies in Anthropology. She earned both her Master's (1959) and Ph.D. degrees in (1964), becoming the first African American woman to teach at Columbia University. Following the completion of her doctorate, Dr. Sudarkasa was appointed assistant professor of anthropology at New York University (1970-1976), again marking a historic first for an African American woman. ","Gloria Albertha Marshall adopted the name Niara Sudarkasa to reflect her evolving identity as a cultural bridge between African Americans and continental Africans. Her name change marked a deepening commitment to diasporic connection and cultural reclamation.\nAt the University of Michigan, Dr. Sudarkasa continued to break barriers, becoming the first African American faculty member in the Department of Anthropology. From 1978 to 1981, she served as Associate Director of the Center for Afro-American and African Studies, advancing scholarship and institutional support for African diaspora research.","In 1986, she became the first female president of Lincoln University in Pennsylvania, a role she held until 1998. Her scholarship increasingly centered on the lives of women in West Africa and the enduring strength of the Black family. Her work in Nigeria earned her recognition from the royal court: in 2001, His Royal Majesty Aláyélúwà Ọba Ọkúnadé Sijuwade Olúbùsẹ II of the Royal Court of Ifẹ́ conferred upon her the chieftaincy title Yèyé Olókun Ìgbàdérò. She was the first African American to receive this honor from the Ifẹ́ Kingdom.","Following her retirement from higher education, Dr. Sudarkasa returned to her hometown of Fort Lauderdale, Florida, where she became the first scholar-in-residence at the newly opened African American Research Library and Cultural Center in 2002.\nDr. Sudarkasa was married to John L. Clark and was the mother of Michael Sudarkasa. She passed away on May 31, 2019, at the age of 80, leaving behind a legacy of scholarship, leadership, and cultural stewardship.","The Niara Sudarkasa Collection received container level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection. ","Parts of the collection have received file level processing. From January 2022 to May 2024, FIU interns, Emmanuel George, and Dominique St. Victor processed \"Series I. Correspondence\" and \"Series III. Professional Papers, Sub-series 1. Writings by Niara Sudarkasa and Sub-series 2. Writings by Others\" as part of the WPHL-FIU Community Data Curation grant.","The Niara Sudarkasa Collection documents the career of anthropologist, Africanist, professor, and university president Dr. Niara Sudarkasa. The collection contains correspondence, scholarly writings, publications, research files, audio visual materials, awards, and business papers dating from 1934 to 2006. The collection also includes Dr. Sudarka's personal library of more than 2,500 books, journals, and pamphlets. The collection highlights Dr. Sudarkasa's professional achievements including becoming the first woman president of Lincoln University in Pennsylvania and first Black faculty member of the Anthropology Department at the University of Michigan. Her papers are a unique resource on Yoruba language and culture, ethnic groups in higher education, and the Black Power Movement in the United States. They also document her work to strengthen international programs at Lincoln and the University of Michigan.","Books from this collection were cataloged in the Broward County Library catalog with the prefix \"SUD\".","AARLCC Special Collections","University of Michigan. Department of Anthropology","Lincoln University (Pa.)","Sudarkasa, Niara","English"],"unitid_tesim":["AARLCC.2006.4","/repositories/2/resources/51"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1934-2006"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006"],"collection_title_tesim":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006"],"collection_ssim":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006"],"repository_ssm":["AARLCC Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections"],"creator_ssm":["Sudarkasa, Niara"],"creator_ssim":["Sudarkasa, Niara"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Sudarkasa, Niara"],"creators_ssim":["Sudarkasa, Niara"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Dr. Niara Sudarkasa donated the materials to the AARLCC Special Collections on October 17, 2006 (Accession AARLCC-2006.4)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Bahamian Americans","Correspondence","Photographs","plaques (flat objects)","Periodicals"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Bahamian Americans","Correspondence","Photographs","plaques (flat objects)","Periodicals"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["400 Hollinger Boxes","410 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["400 Hollinger Boxes","410 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Photographs","plaques (flat objects)","Periodicals"],"date_range_isim":[1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Niara Sudarkasa Collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The Niara Sudarkasa Collection is open for research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://digitalarchives.broward.org/digital/collection/nsb\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eView a selection of digitized materials from the Niara Sudarkasa Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Digitized Materials"],"altformavail_tesim":["View a selection of digitized materials from the Niara Sudarkasa Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNiara Sudarkasa, born Gloria Albertha Marshall to a Bahamian immigrant family on August 14, 1938, in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, demonstrated exceptional academic promise from an early age. She graduated from Dillard High School at just 14 years old and, at 15, entered Fisk University on a Ford Foundation scholarship to study English. Her intellectual journey deepened at Oberlin College, where exposure to courses on the African diaspora inspired her to change her major to Sociology-Anthropology, earning her bachelor's degree in 1957.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGloria enrolled at Columbia University in New York, where she pursued graduate studies in Anthropology. She earned both her Master's (1959) and Ph.D. degrees in (1964), becoming the first African American woman to teach at Columbia University. Following the completion of her doctorate, Dr. Sudarkasa was appointed assistant professor of anthropology at New York University (1970-1976), again marking a historic first for an African American woman. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGloria Albertha Marshall adopted the name Niara Sudarkasa to reflect her evolving identity as a cultural bridge between African Americans and continental Africans. Her name change marked a deepening commitment to diasporic connection and cultural reclamation.\nAt the University of Michigan, Dr. Sudarkasa continued to break barriers, becoming the first African American faculty member in the Department of Anthropology. From 1978 to 1981, she served as Associate Director of the Center for Afro-American and African Studies, advancing scholarship and institutional support for African diaspora research.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1986, she became the first female president of Lincoln University in Pennsylvania, a role she held until 1998. Her scholarship increasingly centered on the lives of women in West Africa and the enduring strength of the Black family. Her work in Nigeria earned her recognition from the royal court: in 2001, His Royal Majesty Al\u0026#xE1;y\u0026#xE9;l\u0026#xFA;w\u0026#xE0; \u0026#x1ECC;ba \u0026#x1ECC;k\u0026#xFA;nad\u0026#xE9; Sijuwade Ol\u0026#xFA;b\u0026#xF9;s\u0026#x1EB9; II of the Royal Court of If\u0026#x1EB9;\u0026#x301; conferred upon her the chieftaincy title Y\u0026#xE8;y\u0026#xE9; Ol\u0026#xF3;kun \u0026#xCC;gb\u0026#xE0;d\u0026#xE9;r\u0026#xF2;. She was the first African American to receive this honor from the If\u0026#x1EB9;\u0026#x301; Kingdom.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFollowing her retirement from higher education, Dr. Sudarkasa returned to her hometown of Fort Lauderdale, Florida, where she became the first scholar-in-residence at the newly opened African American Research Library and Cultural Center in 2002.\nDr. Sudarkasa was married to John L. Clark and was the mother of Michael Sudarkasa. She passed away on May 31, 2019, at the age of 80, leaving behind a legacy of scholarship, leadership, and cultural stewardship.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Niara Sudarkasa, born Gloria Albertha Marshall to a Bahamian immigrant family on August 14, 1938, in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, demonstrated exceptional academic promise from an early age. She graduated from Dillard High School at just 14 years old and, at 15, entered Fisk University on a Ford Foundation scholarship to study English. Her intellectual journey deepened at Oberlin College, where exposure to courses on the African diaspora inspired her to change her major to Sociology-Anthropology, earning her bachelor's degree in 1957.","Gloria enrolled at Columbia University in New York, where she pursued graduate studies in Anthropology. She earned both her Master's (1959) and Ph.D. degrees in (1964), becoming the first African American woman to teach at Columbia University. Following the completion of her doctorate, Dr. Sudarkasa was appointed assistant professor of anthropology at New York University (1970-1976), again marking a historic first for an African American woman. ","Gloria Albertha Marshall adopted the name Niara Sudarkasa to reflect her evolving identity as a cultural bridge between African Americans and continental Africans. Her name change marked a deepening commitment to diasporic connection and cultural reclamation.\nAt the University of Michigan, Dr. Sudarkasa continued to break barriers, becoming the first African American faculty member in the Department of Anthropology. From 1978 to 1981, she served as Associate Director of the Center for Afro-American and African Studies, advancing scholarship and institutional support for African diaspora research.","In 1986, she became the first female president of Lincoln University in Pennsylvania, a role she held until 1998. Her scholarship increasingly centered on the lives of women in West Africa and the enduring strength of the Black family. Her work in Nigeria earned her recognition from the royal court: in 2001, His Royal Majesty Aláyélúwà Ọba Ọkúnadé Sijuwade Olúbùsẹ II of the Royal Court of Ifẹ́ conferred upon her the chieftaincy title Yèyé Olókun Ìgbàdérò. She was the first African American to receive this honor from the Ifẹ́ Kingdom.","Following her retirement from higher education, Dr. Sudarkasa returned to her hometown of Fort Lauderdale, Florida, where she became the first scholar-in-residence at the newly opened African American Research Library and Cultural Center in 2002.\nDr. Sudarkasa was married to John L. Clark and was the mother of Michael Sudarkasa. She passed away on May 31, 2019, at the age of 80, leaving behind a legacy of scholarship, leadership, and cultural stewardship."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNiara Sudarkasa Collection, African American Research Library and Cultural Center Special Collections, Broward County Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection, African American Research Library and Cultural Center Special Collections, Broward County Library."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Niara Sudarkasa Collection received container level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParts of the collection have received file level processing. From January 2022 to May 2024, FIU interns, Emmanuel George, and Dominique St. Victor processed \"Series I. Correspondence\" and \"Series III. Professional Papers, Sub-series 1. Writings by Niara Sudarkasa and Sub-series 2. Writings by Others\" as part of the WPHL-FIU Community Data Curation grant.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The Niara Sudarkasa Collection received container level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection. ","Parts of the collection have received file level processing. From January 2022 to May 2024, FIU interns, Emmanuel George, and Dominique St. Victor processed \"Series I. Correspondence\" and \"Series III. Professional Papers, Sub-series 1. Writings by Niara Sudarkasa and Sub-series 2. Writings by Others\" as part of the WPHL-FIU Community Data Curation grant."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Niara Sudarkasa Collection documents the career of anthropologist, Africanist, professor, and university president Dr. Niara Sudarkasa. The collection contains correspondence, scholarly writings, publications, research files, audio visual materials, awards, and business papers dating from 1934 to 2006. The collection also includes Dr. Sudarka's personal library of more than 2,500 books, journals, and pamphlets. The collection highlights Dr. Sudarkasa's professional achievements including becoming the first woman president of Lincoln University in Pennsylvania and first Black faculty member of the Anthropology Department at the University of Michigan. Her papers are a unique resource on Yoruba language and culture, ethnic groups in higher education, and the Black Power Movement in the United States. They also document her work to strengthen international programs at Lincoln and the University of Michigan.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Niara Sudarkasa Collection documents the career of anthropologist, Africanist, professor, and university president Dr. Niara Sudarkasa. The collection contains correspondence, scholarly writings, publications, research files, audio visual materials, awards, and business papers dating from 1934 to 2006. The collection also includes Dr. Sudarka's personal library of more than 2,500 books, journals, and pamphlets. The collection highlights Dr. Sudarkasa's professional achievements including becoming the first woman president of Lincoln University in Pennsylvania and first Black faculty member of the Anthropology Department at the University of Michigan. Her papers are a unique resource on Yoruba language and culture, ethnic groups in higher education, and the Black Power Movement in the United States. They also document her work to strengthen international programs at Lincoln and the University of Michigan."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://broward.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/results?qu=SUD\u0026amp;qf=LOCATION%09Shelf+Location%091%3AAF-SPC%09AARLCC+Special+Collections\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBooks from this collection were cataloged in the Broward County Library catalog with the prefix \"SUD\".\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Access the Books"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Books from this collection were cataloged in the Broward County Library catalog with the prefix \"SUD\"."],"names_coll_ssim":["University of Michigan. Department of Anthropology","Lincoln University (Pa.)"],"names_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections","University of Michigan. Department of Anthropology","Lincoln University (Pa.)","Sudarkasa, Niara"],"corpname_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections","University of Michigan. Department of Anthropology","Lincoln University (Pa.)"],"persname_ssim":["Sudarkasa, Niara"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":2760,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62","timestamp":"2026-04-21T02:08:51.248Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62_aspace_5c1595d40c522f31044169dfcc78c1ba"}},{"id":"b3e4025e67698b63bebebf69_aspace_203488eb99966a729b1c5d6ab57ca7f4","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"National Women's Education Fund, 1972-1978","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/b3e4025e67698b63bebebf69_aspace_203488eb99966a729b1c5d6ab57ca7f4#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_203488eb99966a729b1c5d6ab57ca7f4","ref_ssm":["aspace_203488eb99966a729b1c5d6ab57ca7f4","aspace_203488eb99966a729b1c5d6ab57ca7f4"],"id":"b3e4025e67698b63bebebf69_aspace_203488eb99966a729b1c5d6ab57ca7f4","title_filing_ssi":"National Women's Education Fund","title_ssm":["National Women's Education Fund"],"title_tesim":["National Women's Education Fund"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1972-1978"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1972-1978"],"normalized_title_ssm":["National Women's Education Fund, 1972-1978"],"text":["National Women's Education Fund, 1972-1978","Dr. Edna Louise Saffy Papers, 1962-2013","/repositories/3/archival_objects/7376","This series contains correspondence, notes, reports, and press releases."],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ids_ssim":["b3e4025e67698b63bebebf69"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Dr. Edna Louise Saffy Papers, 1962-2013"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Dr. Edna Louise Saffy Papers, 1962-2013"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/3/archival_objects/7376"],"repository_ssim":["UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Dr. Edna Louise Saffy Papers, 1962-2013"],"physdesc_tesim":["This series contains correspondence, notes, reports, and press releases."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":5,"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"sort_isi":423,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research by appointment only. Please contact \nlib-special@unf.edu to schedule an appointment."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Materials in the collection may be subject to copyright and are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accordance with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). Use of reproductions of copyrighted works in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement and be subject to the civil and criminal penalties of federal law. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for further information"],"date_range_isim":[1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978],"_nest_path_":"/components#18","_nest_parent_":"b3e4025e67698b63bebebf69","_root_":"b3e4025e67698b63bebebf69","_version_":1870860599051681792,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:48:22.881Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"b3e4025e67698b63bebebf69","title_ssm":["Dr. Edna Louise Saffy Papers"],"title_tesim":["Dr. Edna Louise Saffy Papers"],"ead_ssi":"b3e4025e67698b63bebebf69","unitdate_ssm":["1962-2013"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1962-2013"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["2013.003","/repositories/3/resources/66"],"text":["2013.003","/repositories/3/resources/66","Dr. Edna Louise Saffy Papers, 1962-2013","Florida -- Politics and Government -- 20th century","Clinton, Bill, 1946 -- Presidential campaigns -- Florida","College teachers -- Florida -- Jacksonville (Fla.)","Democratic Party (Fla.)","Human rights workers -- Florida -- Jacksonville (Fla.)","Political activists -- Florida -- Jacksonville (Fla.)","Women's rights -- Florida","The collection is open for research by appointment only. Please contact \nlib-special@unf.edu to schedule an appointment.","\tDr. Edna Louise Saffy, human rights advocate and Jacksonville native was born on March 9, 1935. She attended college at the University of Florida where she received several degrees, including the Master's and Doctorate of Philosophy degrees. She was a professor of Rhetoric and Public Address at University of Florida and Florida State College at Jacksonville, where she was elected Professor Emeritus following her retirement in December 2007. ","\nDr. Saffy was a founder of the National Organization for Women chapters in Jacksonville and Gainesville, as well as founder of the Jacksonville Women's Network. She was named \"A Woman of Courage and Vision\" by the Mayor's Commission on the Status of Women and the recipient of a Lifetime EVE Award by the Florida Times Union.\n    \n    As a humanitarian and activist, she served on numerous local, state, and national committees, including the John F. Kennedy Center Committee for the Performing Arts during the Clinton Administration, the Advisory Committee on LaVilla Cultural Heritage District, American Arab Institute, Duval County Democratic Executive Committee, and the Jacksonville Human Rights Commission. \n    \n    Dr. Saffy was also politically active. She led a 1975 march in Tallahassee in support of the Equal Rights Amendment. She served as a Florida delegate to the International Women's Conference and as a Florida State delegate in six Democratic National Conventions. She was also the president of the Florida Women's Political Caucus. Dr. Saffy died June 20, 2010.","This collection contains awards, correspondence, memorabilia, printed materials, photographs, personal papers, and writings. Many printed materials and photographs relate to politics and political activism. There are numerous photographs and newspaper clippings, as well as Dr. Saffy's dissertation. The collection contains many memorabilia items, particularly from various political events, and there are two large portraits of Dr. Edna Louise Saffy.","Materials in the collection may be subject to copyright and are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accordance with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). Use of reproductions of copyrighted works in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement and be subject to the civil and criminal penalties of federal law. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for further information","UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives","English"],"unitid_tesim":["2013.003","/repositories/3/resources/66"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1962-2013"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Dr. Edna Louise Saffy Papers, 1962-2013"],"collection_title_tesim":["Dr. Edna Louise Saffy Papers, 1962-2013"],"collection_ssim":["Dr. Edna Louise Saffy Papers, 1962-2013"],"repository_ssm":["UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives"],"repository_ssim":["UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Florida -- Politics and Government -- 20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Florida -- Politics and Government -- 20th century"],"places_ssim":["Florida -- Politics and Government -- 20th century"],"access_terms_ssm":["Materials in the collection may be subject to copyright and are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accordance with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). Use of reproductions of copyrighted works in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement and be subject to the civil and criminal penalties of federal law. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for further information"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was acquired through donation from Dr. Grady Johnson, 2013."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Clinton, Bill, 1946 -- Presidential campaigns -- Florida","College teachers -- Florida -- Jacksonville (Fla.)","Democratic Party (Fla.)","Human rights workers -- Florida -- Jacksonville (Fla.)","Political activists -- Florida -- Jacksonville (Fla.)","Women's rights -- Florida"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Clinton, Bill, 1946 -- Presidential campaigns -- Florida","College teachers -- Florida -- Jacksonville (Fla.)","Democratic Party (Fla.)","Human rights workers -- Florida -- Jacksonville (Fla.)","Political activists -- Florida -- Jacksonville (Fla.)","Women's rights -- Florida"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["36.00 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["36.00 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research by appointment only. Please contact \nlib-special@unf.edu to schedule an appointment.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research by appointment only. Please contact \nlib-special@unf.edu to schedule an appointment."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\tDr. Edna Louise Saffy, human rights advocate and Jacksonville native was born on March 9, 1935. She attended college at the University of Florida where she received several degrees, including the Master's and Doctorate of Philosophy degrees. She was a professor of Rhetoric and Public Address at University of Florida and Florida State College at Jacksonville, where she was elected Professor Emeritus following her retirement in December 2007. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nDr. Saffy was a founder of the National Organization for Women chapters in Jacksonville and Gainesville, as well as founder of the Jacksonville Women's Network. She was named \"A Woman of Courage and Vision\" by the Mayor's Commission on the Status of Women and the recipient of a Lifetime EVE Award by the Florida Times Union.\n    \n    As a humanitarian and activist, she served on numerous local, state, and national committees, including the John F. Kennedy Center Committee for the Performing Arts during the Clinton Administration, the Advisory Committee on LaVilla Cultural Heritage District, American Arab Institute, Duval County Democratic Executive Committee, and the Jacksonville Human Rights Commission. \n    \n    Dr. Saffy was also politically active. She led a 1975 march in Tallahassee in support of the Equal Rights Amendment. She served as a Florida delegate to the International Women's Conference and as a Florida State delegate in six Democratic National Conventions. She was also the president of the Florida Women's Political Caucus. Dr. Saffy died June 20, 2010.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["\tDr. Edna Louise Saffy, human rights advocate and Jacksonville native was born on March 9, 1935. She attended college at the University of Florida where she received several degrees, including the Master's and Doctorate of Philosophy degrees. She was a professor of Rhetoric and Public Address at University of Florida and Florida State College at Jacksonville, where she was elected Professor Emeritus following her retirement in December 2007. ","\nDr. Saffy was a founder of the National Organization for Women chapters in Jacksonville and Gainesville, as well as founder of the Jacksonville Women's Network. She was named \"A Woman of Courage and Vision\" by the Mayor's Commission on the Status of Women and the recipient of a Lifetime EVE Award by the Florida Times Union.\n    \n    As a humanitarian and activist, she served on numerous local, state, and national committees, including the John F. Kennedy Center Committee for the Performing Arts during the Clinton Administration, the Advisory Committee on LaVilla Cultural Heritage District, American Arab Institute, Duval County Democratic Executive Committee, and the Jacksonville Human Rights Commission. \n    \n    Dr. Saffy was also politically active. She led a 1975 march in Tallahassee in support of the Equal Rights Amendment. She served as a Florida delegate to the International Women's Conference and as a Florida State delegate in six Democratic National Conventions. She was also the president of the Florida Women's Political Caucus. Dr. Saffy died June 20, 2010."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDr. Edna Louise Saffy Papers, Thomas G. Carpenter Library, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Dr. Edna Louise Saffy Papers, Thomas G. Carpenter Library, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains awards, correspondence, memorabilia, printed materials, photographs, personal papers, and writings. Many printed materials and photographs relate to politics and political activism. There are numerous photographs and newspaper clippings, as well as Dr. Saffy's dissertation. The collection contains many memorabilia items, particularly from various political events, and there are two large portraits of Dr. Edna Louise Saffy.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains awards, correspondence, memorabilia, printed materials, photographs, personal papers, and writings. Many printed materials and photographs relate to politics and political activism. There are numerous photographs and newspaper clippings, as well as Dr. Saffy's dissertation. The collection contains many memorabilia items, particularly from various political events, and there are two large portraits of Dr. Edna Louise Saffy."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in the collection may be subject to copyright and are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accordance with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). Use of reproductions of copyrighted works in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement and be subject to the civil and criminal penalties of federal law. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for further information\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials in the collection may be subject to copyright and are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accordance with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). Use of reproductions of copyrighted works in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement and be subject to the civil and criminal penalties of federal law. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for further information"],"names_ssim":["UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives"],"corpname_ssim":["UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":748,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870860599051681792,"_root_":"b3e4025e67698b63bebebf69","timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:48:22.881Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/b3e4025e67698b63bebebf69_aspace_203488eb99966a729b1c5d6ab57ca7f4"}},{"id":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_51376","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Nat J. De Leon, 1958-1986","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_51376#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_51376","ref_ssm":["aspace_51376","aspace_51376"],"id":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_51376","title_filing_ssi":"Nat J. De Leon","title_ssm":["Nat J. De Leon"],"title_tesim":["Nat J. De Leon"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1958-1986"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1958-1986"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Nat J. De Leon, 1958-1986"],"text":["Nat J. De Leon, 1958-1986","Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014","Mulford and Racine Foster Files, 1910-1991","Correspondence, 1930-1990","Folder 8","/repositories/4/archival_objects/33898","box 7","folder 8"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_51261","4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_51262"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014","Mulford and Racine Foster Files, 1910-1991","Correspondence, 1930-1990"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014","Mulford and Racine Foster Files, 1910-1991","Correspondence, 1930-1990"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Subseries"],"unitid_ssm":["Folder 8","/repositories/4/archival_objects/33898"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":114,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The entire collection is open for research except for the following:\n\n  Boxes 180-181: Personal correspondence\n  Boxes 213-214: Manuscript of \"Brazil: Orchid of the Tropics\"\n"],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder."],"date_range_isim":[1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986],"containers_ssim":["box 7","folder 8"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#0/components#111","_nest_parent_":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_51262","_root_":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","timestamp":"2026-07-11T02:53:59.490Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","title_ssm":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection"],"title_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection"],"ead_ssi":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","unitdate_ssm":["1754-2014"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1754-2014"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 068","/repositories/4/resources/148"],"text":["SC 068","/repositories/4/resources/148","Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014","Marineland (Fla.)","Botany","Botany -- Brazil","Bromeliaceae","Bromelin","Cooking (Pineapples)","Pineapple","Plant hybridization","botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)","The entire collection is open for research except for the following:\n Boxes 180-181: Personal correspondence Boxes 213-214: Manuscript of \"Brazil: Orchid of the Tropics\"","The collection is divided into eight series by type of file.","Michael A. Spencer was born in Orlando and grew up in Winter Garden, Florida. He worked at Sand Hill Nursery near Lake Avalon and the Land of Bromeliads in Gotha before finding employment with Julian Nally. After the Nally estate was sold, Spencer worked for Racine Foster at Bromel-La. He graduated from UCF in 1990 summa cum laude with a BA in Liberal Studies and then found employment with Lyman B. Smith at the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History. Michael Spencer named a genus of bromeliads \"Racinaea\" in honor of Racine Foster. While engaged in his research, Spencer amassed this collection of materials concerning bromeliads and their collectors. He now lives in Frederick, Maryland where he has served on the Historic Preservation Commission since 2004.","Materials were rehoused in pH neutral folders and cartons. Photographs, negatives and slides were enclosed in polyester sleeves. Many of the materials were well organized and the arrangement was retained. The remainder were arranged by following the original arrangement as far as possible. Notes on folders were retained in the new folder. Paper clips were replaced with plastic clips or materials that belonged together were held together in a pH neutral paper sleeve. Loose-leaf notebooks that were badly rusted were discarded and the contents placed in folders. Items loose in the back of notebooks were foldered separately and marked accordingly. Notes from a film canister were written exactly as found as the label could not be removed. Albums falling apart were taken apart and foldered. Albums in reasonable condition had the photographs attached properly with corners and the pages interleaved to prevent sticking. Loose album pages in the Foster subseries on Plant Information were merely foldered as they were not in an album and were found without context. Collecion rehoused and finding aid revised by Chynna Thomas in 2023.","A large book collection accompanies this collection and may be accessed by performing a series search \"Michael A. Spencer Collection\" in the UCF Library  Online Catalog .  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Julian Nally ,  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Theodore Mead ,  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Henry Nehrling  and the  Henry Nehrling Papers  are also available in Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries. Some paintings by Mulford Foster are held at the  Harry P. Leu Gardens . The  Henry Nehrling Collection  and the  Theodore L. Mead Collection  are held at Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida. Lyman Smith's Papers are held at the  Smithsonian Institution Archives .","Series I: Mulford and Racine Foster Files, 1910-1991 documents the work of these two individuals in discovering and propagating bromeliads. Correspondence, publications, notebooks, drawings, research materials, memorabilia and photographs show all aspects of their work including plant collecting, landscape designing and publishing. Photographs may be black and white or color prints, negatives or slides. Additional materials about the Fosters may be found in Series II and III.","\nSeries II: Subject Files, 1880-2003 contains catalogues, journals, photographs, memorabilia and correspondence that Michael Spencer brought together under his chosen subject headings and arranged alphabetically. Many of the materials in this series originally came from Mulford and Racine Foster, which means that there is some overlap with the previous series. Spencer's own collecting interest lay in documenting the importance of bromeliads in society, and he collected many common items that showed bromeliads, especially pineapples.","\nSeries III: Author Files, 1754-1997 includes a variety of media used for research, such as articles, books, magazines, newspaper clippings, and photographs. There are a significant number of materials authored by Mulford and Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith, including original manuscripts.","\nSeries IV: Plants by Family Files, 1908-1990 contains alphabetical files on plant families, which include newspaper clippings, books and other research materials.","\nSeries V: Natural History Files, 1853-1997 holds alphabetical files on a wide range of natural history topics including plant societies, authors, drugs and diseases. The files contain published materials, photocopies, web resources, plant and geological samples that document's Michael's Spencer's considerable research interests.","\nSeries VI: Medicinal Files, 1988-1996 contains alphabetical files on diseases and therapies. Not all these files relate to plants though many of them concern natural therapies.","\nSeries VII: Lyman Smith Files: 1905-1994 holds alphabetical files that belonged to Lyman B. Smith. His notebooks, manscripts, teaching materials and correspondence may all be found here.","\nSeries VIII: Personal Files, 1863-2014 contains alphabetical files showing Spencer's interest in collecting books and his wide interests. Materials that do not clearly belong in the other series may be found here.","Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder.","Michael A. Spencer assembled this collection of publications, photographs, drawings, correspondence programs and other materials focusing on the discovery, taxonomy and cultivation of bromeliads. Mulford B. Foster, Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith are among the significant bromeliad collectors whose work is documented here.","UCF Special Collections","Bromeliad Society","Spencer, Michael A.","Smith, Lyman B.","Foster, Mulford B. (Mulford Bateman), 1888-1978","Foster, Racine, 1910-1991","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 068","/repositories/4/resources/148"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1754-2014"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014"],"collection_title_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014"],"collection_ssim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Marineland (Fla.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Marineland (Fla.)"],"creator_ssm":["Spencer, Michael A."],"creator_ssim":["Spencer, Michael A."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Spencer, Michael A."],"creators_ssim":["Spencer, Michael A."],"places_ssim":["Marineland (Fla.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Some of these materials were donated to and others were purchased by the University of Central Florida Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives from Michael A. Spencer in 2006 (CFM2006_09), 2011 (CFM2011_02), 2012 (CFM2012_10), and 2014 (CFM2014_01)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Botany","Botany -- Brazil","Bromeliaceae","Bromelin","Cooking (Pineapples)","Pineapple","Plant hybridization","botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Botany","Botany -- Brazil","Bromeliaceae","Bromelin","Cooking (Pineapples)","Pineapple","Plant hybridization","botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["130 Linear Feet 259 boxes, 2 flat files"],"extent_tesim":["130 Linear Feet 259 boxes, 2 flat files"],"genreform_ssim":["botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)"],"date_range_isim":[1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research except for the following:\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eBoxes 180-181: Personal correspondence\u003c/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eBoxes 213-214: Manuscript of \"Brazil: Orchid of the Tropics\"\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research except for the following:\n Boxes 180-181: Personal correspondence Boxes 213-214: Manuscript of \"Brazil: Orchid of the Tropics\""],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into eight series by type of file.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into eight series by type of file."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMichael A. Spencer was born in Orlando and grew up in Winter Garden, Florida. He worked at Sand Hill Nursery near Lake Avalon and the Land of Bromeliads in Gotha before finding employment with Julian Nally. After the Nally estate was sold, Spencer worked for Racine Foster at Bromel-La. He graduated from UCF in 1990 summa cum laude with a BA in Liberal Studies and then found employment with Lyman B. Smith at the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History. Michael Spencer named a genus of bromeliads \"Racinaea\" in honor of Racine Foster. While engaged in his research, Spencer amassed this collection of materials concerning bromeliads and their collectors. He now lives in Frederick, Maryland where he has served on the Historic Preservation Commission since 2004.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer was born in Orlando and grew up in Winter Garden, Florida. He worked at Sand Hill Nursery near Lake Avalon and the Land of Bromeliads in Gotha before finding employment with Julian Nally. After the Nally estate was sold, Spencer worked for Racine Foster at Bromel-La. He graduated from UCF in 1990 summa cum laude with a BA in Liberal Studies and then found employment with Lyman B. Smith at the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History. Michael Spencer named a genus of bromeliads \"Racinaea\" in honor of Racine Foster. While engaged in his research, Spencer amassed this collection of materials concerning bromeliads and their collectors. He now lives in Frederick, Maryland where he has served on the Historic Preservation Commission since 2004."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMichael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials were rehoused in pH neutral folders and cartons. Photographs, negatives and slides were enclosed in polyester sleeves. Many of the materials were well organized and the arrangement was retained. The remainder were arranged by following the original arrangement as far as possible. Notes on folders were retained in the new folder. Paper clips were replaced with plastic clips or materials that belonged together were held together in a pH neutral paper sleeve. Loose-leaf notebooks that were badly rusted were discarded and the contents placed in folders. Items loose in the back of notebooks were foldered separately and marked accordingly. Notes from a film canister were written exactly as found as the label could not be removed. Albums falling apart were taken apart and foldered. Albums in reasonable condition had the photographs attached properly with corners and the pages interleaved to prevent sticking. Loose album pages in the Foster subseries on Plant Information were merely foldered as they were not in an album and were found without context. Collecion rehoused and finding aid revised by Chynna Thomas in 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Materials were rehoused in pH neutral folders and cartons. Photographs, negatives and slides were enclosed in polyester sleeves. Many of the materials were well organized and the arrangement was retained. The remainder were arranged by following the original arrangement as far as possible. Notes on folders were retained in the new folder. Paper clips were replaced with plastic clips or materials that belonged together were held together in a pH neutral paper sleeve. Loose-leaf notebooks that were badly rusted were discarded and the contents placed in folders. Items loose in the back of notebooks were foldered separately and marked accordingly. Notes from a film canister were written exactly as found as the label could not be removed. Albums falling apart were taken apart and foldered. Albums in reasonable condition had the photographs attached properly with corners and the pages interleaved to prevent sticking. Loose album pages in the Foster subseries on Plant Information were merely foldered as they were not in an album and were found without context. Collecion rehoused and finding aid revised by Chynna Thomas in 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA large book collection accompanies this collection and may be accessed by performing a series search \"Michael A. Spencer Collection\" in the UCF Library \u003cextref href=\"https://library.ucf.edu\"\u003eOnline Catalog\u003c/extref\u003e. \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2006-08c\"\u003eMichael A. Spencer Collection on Julian Nally\u003c/extref\u003e, \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2006-08b\"\u003eMichael A. Spencer Collection on Theodore Mead\u003c/extref\u003e, \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2006-08a\"\u003eMichael A. Spencer Collection on Henry Nehrling\u003c/extref\u003e and the \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM1999-03\"\u003eHenry Nehrling Papers\u003c/extref\u003e are also available in Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries. Some paintings by Mulford Foster are held at the \u003cextref href=\"http://www.leugardens.org/\"\u003eHarry P. Leu Gardens\u003c/extref\u003e. The \u003cextref href=\"https://aspace.rollins.edu/repositories/2/resources/4\"\u003eHenry Nehrling Collection\u003c/extref\u003e and the \u003cextref href=\"https://aspace.rollins.edu/repositories/2/resources/97\"\u003eTheodore L. Mead Collection\u003c/extref\u003e are held at Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida. Lyman Smith's Papers are held at the \u003cextref href=\"http://siarchives.si.edu/\"\u003eSmithsonian Institution Archives\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["A large book collection accompanies this collection and may be accessed by performing a series search \"Michael A. Spencer Collection\" in the UCF Library  Online Catalog .  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Julian Nally ,  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Theodore Mead ,  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Henry Nehrling  and the  Henry Nehrling Papers  are also available in Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries. Some paintings by Mulford Foster are held at the  Harry P. Leu Gardens . The  Henry Nehrling Collection  and the  Theodore L. Mead Collection  are held at Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida. Lyman Smith's Papers are held at the  Smithsonian Institution Archives ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Mulford and Racine Foster Files, 1910-1991 documents the work of these two individuals in discovering and propagating bromeliads. Correspondence, publications, notebooks, drawings, research materials, memorabilia and photographs show all aspects of their work including plant collecting, landscape designing and publishing. Photographs may be black and white or color prints, negatives or slides. Additional materials about the Fosters may be found in Series II and III.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries II: Subject Files, 1880-2003 contains catalogues, journals, photographs, memorabilia and correspondence that Michael Spencer brought together under his chosen subject headings and arranged alphabetically. Many of the materials in this series originally came from Mulford and Racine Foster, which means that there is some overlap with the previous series. Spencer's own collecting interest lay in documenting the importance of bromeliads in society, and he collected many common items that showed bromeliads, especially pineapples.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries III: Author Files, 1754-1997 includes a variety of media used for research, such as articles, books, magazines, newspaper clippings, and photographs. There are a significant number of materials authored by Mulford and Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith, including original manuscripts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries IV: Plants by Family Files, 1908-1990 contains alphabetical files on plant families, which include newspaper clippings, books and other research materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries V: Natural History Files, 1853-1997 holds alphabetical files on a wide range of natural history topics including plant societies, authors, drugs and diseases. The files contain published materials, photocopies, web resources, plant and geological samples that document's Michael's Spencer's considerable research interests.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VI: Medicinal Files, 1988-1996 contains alphabetical files on diseases and therapies. Not all these files relate to plants though many of them concern natural therapies.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VII: Lyman Smith Files: 1905-1994 holds alphabetical files that belonged to Lyman B. Smith. His notebooks, manscripts, teaching materials and correspondence may all be found here.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VIII: Personal Files, 1863-2014 contains alphabetical files showing Spencer's interest in collecting books and his wide interests. Materials that do not clearly belong in the other series may be found here.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Series I: Mulford and Racine Foster Files, 1910-1991 documents the work of these two individuals in discovering and propagating bromeliads. Correspondence, publications, notebooks, drawings, research materials, memorabilia and photographs show all aspects of their work including plant collecting, landscape designing and publishing. Photographs may be black and white or color prints, negatives or slides. Additional materials about the Fosters may be found in Series II and III.","\nSeries II: Subject Files, 1880-2003 contains catalogues, journals, photographs, memorabilia and correspondence that Michael Spencer brought together under his chosen subject headings and arranged alphabetically. Many of the materials in this series originally came from Mulford and Racine Foster, which means that there is some overlap with the previous series. Spencer's own collecting interest lay in documenting the importance of bromeliads in society, and he collected many common items that showed bromeliads, especially pineapples.","\nSeries III: Author Files, 1754-1997 includes a variety of media used for research, such as articles, books, magazines, newspaper clippings, and photographs. There are a significant number of materials authored by Mulford and Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith, including original manuscripts.","\nSeries IV: Plants by Family Files, 1908-1990 contains alphabetical files on plant families, which include newspaper clippings, books and other research materials.","\nSeries V: Natural History Files, 1853-1997 holds alphabetical files on a wide range of natural history topics including plant societies, authors, drugs and diseases. The files contain published materials, photocopies, web resources, plant and geological samples that document's Michael's Spencer's considerable research interests.","\nSeries VI: Medicinal Files, 1988-1996 contains alphabetical files on diseases and therapies. Not all these files relate to plants though many of them concern natural therapies.","\nSeries VII: Lyman Smith Files: 1905-1994 holds alphabetical files that belonged to Lyman B. Smith. His notebooks, manscripts, teaching materials and correspondence may all be found here.","\nSeries VIII: Personal Files, 1863-2014 contains alphabetical files showing Spencer's interest in collecting books and his wide interests. Materials that do not clearly belong in the other series may be found here."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Copyright Statement"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_8e33310d6b1a70e4d88f1e2d3043cf71\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eMichael A. Spencer assembled this collection of publications, photographs, drawings, correspondence programs and other materials focusing on the discovery, taxonomy and cultivation of bromeliads. Mulford B. Foster, Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith are among the significant bromeliad collectors whose work is documented here.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer assembled this collection of publications, photographs, drawings, correspondence programs and other materials focusing on the discovery, taxonomy and cultivation of bromeliads. Mulford B. Foster, Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith are among the significant bromeliad collectors whose work is documented here."],"names_coll_ssim":["Bromeliad Society","Smith, Lyman B.","Foster, Mulford B. (Mulford Bateman), 1888-1978","Foster, Racine, 1910-1991"],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Bromeliad Society","Spencer, Michael A.","Smith, Lyman B.","Foster, Mulford B. (Mulford Bateman), 1888-1978","Foster, Racine, 1910-1991"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Bromeliad Society"],"persname_ssim":["Spencer, Michael A.","Smith, Lyman B.","Foster, Mulford B. (Mulford Bateman), 1888-1978","Foster, Racine, 1910-1991"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3662,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","timestamp":"2026-07-11T02:53:59.490Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_51376"}},{"id":"a0b8dca0cc27e719e79a099f_aspace_60a3688bdff746ad2baefbfeeef7af78","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Natural Areas Advisory Report, 1972-1976","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/a0b8dca0cc27e719e79a099f_aspace_60a3688bdff746ad2baefbfeeef7af78#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eFolder includes clippings, legislation overviews, information about conservation easements, and correspondence from Schryver \u0026amp;#38; McDonnell, P.A. \u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/a0b8dca0cc27e719e79a099f_aspace_60a3688bdff746ad2baefbfeeef7af78#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_60a3688bdff746ad2baefbfeeef7af78","ref_ssm":["aspace_60a3688bdff746ad2baefbfeeef7af78","aspace_60a3688bdff746ad2baefbfeeef7af78"],"id":"a0b8dca0cc27e719e79a099f_aspace_60a3688bdff746ad2baefbfeeef7af78","title_filing_ssi":"Natural Areas Advisory Report","title_ssm":["Natural Areas Advisory Report"],"title_tesim":["Natural Areas Advisory Report"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1972-1976"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1972-1976"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Natural Areas Advisory Report, 1972-1976"],"text":["Natural Areas Advisory Report, 1972-1976","Audubon Society Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary records, 1937-2019","Subject Files","National Audubon Society – Science and Sanctuaries Division- New Jersey Audubon Society","/repositories/2/archival_objects/190923","box 62","folder 18","Folder includes clippings, legislation overviews, information about conservation easements, and correspondence from Schryver \u0026#38; McDonnell, P.A. "],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["a0b8dca0cc27e719e79a099f","a0b8dca0cc27e719e79a099f_aspace_4c29981ab2b06aeb8893c7a0e3a6accb","a0b8dca0cc27e719e79a099f_aspace_4f00c39bae41c79e057beebad2fafdbe"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Audubon Society Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary records, 1937-2019","Subject Files","National Audubon Society – Science and Sanctuaries Division- New Jersey Audubon Society"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Audubon Society Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary records, 1937-2019","Subject Files","National Audubon Society – Science and Sanctuaries Division- New Jersey Audubon Society"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Box"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/2/archival_objects/190923"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Audubon Society Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary records, 1937-2019"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":1,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":1596,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Until 2034, USF Libraries must provide a 90 day notice to Florida Audubon Society in advance of any exhibition or cultural activity initiated by USF Libraries in which the sole focus of the exhibition or activity is the Florida Audubon Society."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information."],"date_range_isim":[1972,1973,1974,1975,1976],"containers_ssim":["box 62","folder 18"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFolder includes clippings, legislation overviews, information about conservation easements, and correspondence from Schryver \u0026amp;#38; McDonnell, P.A.\u0026#xA0;\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Folder includes clippings, legislation overviews, information about conservation easements, and correspondence from Schryver \u0026#38; McDonnell, P.A. "],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#40/components#17","_nest_parent_":"a0b8dca0cc27e719e79a099f_aspace_4f00c39bae41c79e057beebad2fafdbe","_root_":"a0b8dca0cc27e719e79a099f","_version_":1872946110924849152,"timestamp":"2026-08-08T09:16:41.949Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"a0b8dca0cc27e719e79a099f","title_ssm":["Audubon Society Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary records"],"title_tesim":["Audubon Society Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary records"],"ead_ssi":"a0b8dca0cc27e719e79a099f","unitdate_ssm":["1937-2019"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1937-2019"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-2020-03","/repositories/2/resources/583"],"text":["MS-2020-03","/repositories/2/resources/583","Audubon Society Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary records, 1937-2019","Ecology -- Florida","Conservationists -- Florida","Birds -- Habitat -- Florida","Birds -- Migration","Good.","Until 2034, USF Libraries must provide a 90 day notice to Florida Audubon Society in advance of any exhibition or cultural activity initiated by USF Libraries in which the sole focus of the exhibition or activity is the Florida Audubon Society.","This collection is divided into four series: Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary records, subject files, photographs and slides, and oversized material. The first series includes documents from work conducted at the sanctuary proper, though additional related documents may be found in the subject files. Within series, folders are arranged alphabetically.","Audubon Florida's Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary is a site which had been protected by Audubon wardens since the 1910s.  With no interest from the state in preserving the area, Audubon Florida founded the sanctuary in the mid-1950s.  From an initial 5,000 acres, it was expanded to more than 13,000 acres.  It is especially notable for its bald cypress forest and cypress domes, the only part of the original Fakahatchee cypress strand in the area to be preserved from logging, which commenced in 1944. As part of the Corkscrew watershed, the sanctuary is part of the western Everglades. To save the remaining cypress and vital habitat from destruction, Audubon led an effort to raise money to buy the property. By 1954, 5,680 acres were accumulated, the last virgin cypress forest in the entire world and the most important Wood Stork rookery in the U.S. When offered the property, the state of Florida expressed no interest in the site, so Audubon took ownership. By the 1970s and 80s, development had altered the local landscape and made the sanctuary a much less isolated site. Under the leadership of Executive Director (and longtime Audubon employee) Ed Carlson in the 1980s and 90s, the sanctuary incoroporated more formal education programs, a visitor center, and a boardwalk that provides a scenic tour of parts of the property. These records document the activities of the sanctuary, including habitat studies, research materials, educational records, correspondence, and general management of the site, from invasive species mitigation to controlled burns.","The Audubon Florida Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary Records donation included published book materials that are being processed for inclusion into the collection and will be traced on this record.","This collection consists of organizational papers, scientific data, field notebooks, correspondence, photographs and photographic slides, maps, and clippings.","Maps and publications related to the archival collection are cataloged individually and shelved in the Environment and Natural History Collection. Titles and links to the catalog record are available on this finding aid via the \"Cataloged Books, Publications, and Media\" and \"Cataloged Maps\" series.","None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information.","The Audubon Society Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary records contain materials collecting the history of this sanctuary and the scientific and outreach work conducted on the property and surrounding area. In addition, this collection includes research materials from several National Audubon Society projects, including from the Paul J. Rainey Wildlife Sanctuary and Platte River.","USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Ed Carlson","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-2020-03","/repositories/2/resources/583"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1937-2019"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Audubon Society Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary records, 1937-2019"],"collection_title_tesim":["Audubon Society Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary records, 1937-2019"],"collection_ssim":["Audubon Society Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary records, 1937-2019"],"repository_ssm":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"creator_ssm":["Ed Carlson"],"creator_ssim":["Ed Carlson"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Ed Carlson"],"creators_ssim":["Ed Carlson"],"access_terms_ssm":["None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Ecology -- Florida","Conservationists -- Florida","Birds -- Habitat -- Florida","Birds -- Migration"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Ecology -- Florida","Conservationists -- Florida","Birds -- Habitat -- Florida","Birds -- Migration"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Good."],"extent_ssm":["51 Linear Feet","96 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["51 Linear Feet","96 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUntil 2034, USF Libraries must provide a 90 day notice to Florida Audubon Society in advance of any exhibition or cultural activity initiated by USF Libraries in which the sole focus of the exhibition or activity is the Florida Audubon Society.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Until 2034, USF Libraries must provide a 90 day notice to Florida Audubon Society in advance of any exhibition or cultural activity initiated by USF Libraries in which the sole focus of the exhibition or activity is the Florida Audubon Society."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is divided into four series: Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary records, subject files, photographs and slides, and oversized material. The first series includes documents from work conducted at the sanctuary proper, though additional related documents may be found in the subject files. Within series, folders are arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is divided into four series: Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary records, subject files, photographs and slides, and oversized material. The first series includes documents from work conducted at the sanctuary proper, though additional related documents may be found in the subject files. Within series, folders are arranged alphabetically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAudubon Florida's Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary is a site which had been protected by Audubon wardens since the 1910s.  With no interest from the state in preserving the area, Audubon Florida founded the sanctuary in the mid-1950s.  From an initial 5,000 acres, it was expanded to more than 13,000 acres.  It is especially notable for its bald cypress forest and cypress domes, the only part of the original Fakahatchee cypress strand in the area to be preserved from logging, which commenced in 1944. As part of the Corkscrew watershed, the sanctuary is part of the western Everglades. To save the remaining cypress and vital habitat from destruction, Audubon led an effort to raise money to buy the property. By 1954, 5,680 acres were accumulated, the last virgin cypress forest in the entire world and the most important Wood Stork rookery in the U.S. When offered the property, the state of Florida expressed no interest in the site, so Audubon took ownership. By the 1970s and 80s, development had altered the local landscape and made the sanctuary a much less isolated site. Under the leadership of Executive Director (and longtime Audubon employee) Ed Carlson in the 1980s and 90s, the sanctuary incoroporated more formal education programs, a visitor center, and a boardwalk that provides a scenic tour of parts of the property. These records document the activities of the sanctuary, including habitat studies, research materials, educational records, correspondence, and general management of the site, from invasive species mitigation to controlled burns.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"bioghist_tesim":["Audubon Florida's Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary is a site which had been protected by Audubon wardens since the 1910s.  With no interest from the state in preserving the area, Audubon Florida founded the sanctuary in the mid-1950s.  From an initial 5,000 acres, it was expanded to more than 13,000 acres.  It is especially notable for its bald cypress forest and cypress domes, the only part of the original Fakahatchee cypress strand in the area to be preserved from logging, which commenced in 1944. As part of the Corkscrew watershed, the sanctuary is part of the western Everglades. To save the remaining cypress and vital habitat from destruction, Audubon led an effort to raise money to buy the property. By 1954, 5,680 acres were accumulated, the last virgin cypress forest in the entire world and the most important Wood Stork rookery in the U.S. When offered the property, the state of Florida expressed no interest in the site, so Audubon took ownership. By the 1970s and 80s, development had altered the local landscape and made the sanctuary a much less isolated site. Under the leadership of Executive Director (and longtime Audubon employee) Ed Carlson in the 1980s and 90s, the sanctuary incoroporated more formal education programs, a visitor center, and a boardwalk that provides a scenic tour of parts of the property. These records document the activities of the sanctuary, including habitat studies, research materials, educational records, correspondence, and general management of the site, from invasive species mitigation to controlled burns."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Audubon Florida Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary Records donation included published book materials that are being processed for inclusion into the collection and will be traced on this record.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Cataloged Publications"],"odd_tesim":["The Audubon Florida Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary Records donation included published book materials that are being processed for inclusion into the collection and will be traced on this record."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of organizational papers, scientific data, field notebooks, correspondence, photographs and photographic slides, maps, and clippings.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of organizational papers, scientific data, field notebooks, correspondence, photographs and photographic slides, maps, and clippings."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaps and publications related to the archival collection are cataloged individually and shelved in the Environment and Natural History Collection. Titles and links to the catalog record are available on this finding aid via the \"Cataloged Books, Publications, and Media\" and \"Cataloged Maps\" series.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Maps and publications related to the archival collection are cataloged individually and shelved in the Environment and Natural History Collection. Titles and links to the catalog record are available on this finding aid via the \"Cataloged Books, Publications, and Media\" and \"Cataloged Maps\" series."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone.\u0026#xA0;The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.\u0026#xA0; Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at \u003cextref href=\"http://www.copyright.gov/\"\u003ehttp://www.copyright.gov/\u003c/extref\u003e for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_bf60a5a83f90c49360b71829ac95b658\"\u003eThe Audubon Society Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary records contain materials collecting the history of this sanctuary and the scientific and outreach work conducted on the property and surrounding area. In addition, this collection includes research materials from several National Audubon Society projects, including from the Paul J. Rainey Wildlife Sanctuary and Platte River.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Audubon Society Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary records contain materials collecting the history of this sanctuary and the scientific and outreach work conducted on the property and surrounding area. In addition, this collection includes research materials from several National Audubon Society projects, including from the Paul J. Rainey Wildlife Sanctuary and Platte River."],"names_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Ed Carlson"],"corpname_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Ed Carlson"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":2704,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1872946110924849152,"_root_":"a0b8dca0cc27e719e79a099f","timestamp":"2026-08-08T09:16:41.949Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/a0b8dca0cc27e719e79a099f_aspace_60a3688bdff746ad2baefbfeeef7af78"}},{"id":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_54815","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Natural Environment, 1973-1977","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_54815#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_54815","ref_ssm":["aspace_54815","aspace_54815"],"id":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_54815","title_filing_ssi":"Natural Environment","title_ssm":["Natural Environment"],"title_tesim":["Natural Environment"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1973-1977"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1973-1977"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Natural Environment, 1973-1977"],"text":["Natural Environment, 1973-1977","Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014","Natural History, 1853-1997.","Folder 9","/repositories/4/archival_objects/34285","box 161","folder 9"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_54625"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014","Natural History, 1853-1997."],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014","Natural History, 1853-1997."],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["Folder 9","/repositories/4/archival_objects/34285"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":3303,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The entire collection is open for research except for the following:\n\n  Boxes 180-181: Personal correspondence\n  Boxes 213-214: Manuscript of \"Brazil: Orchid of the Tropics\"\n"],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder."],"date_range_isim":[1973,1974,1975,1976,1977],"containers_ssim":["box 161","folder 9"],"_nest_path_":"/components#4/components#142","_nest_parent_":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_54625","_root_":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","timestamp":"2026-07-11T02:53:59.490Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","title_ssm":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection"],"title_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection"],"ead_ssi":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","unitdate_ssm":["1754-2014"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1754-2014"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 068","/repositories/4/resources/148"],"text":["SC 068","/repositories/4/resources/148","Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014","Marineland (Fla.)","Botany","Botany -- Brazil","Bromeliaceae","Bromelin","Cooking (Pineapples)","Pineapple","Plant hybridization","botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)","The entire collection is open for research except for the following:\n Boxes 180-181: Personal correspondence Boxes 213-214: Manuscript of \"Brazil: Orchid of the Tropics\"","The collection is divided into eight series by type of file.","Michael A. Spencer was born in Orlando and grew up in Winter Garden, Florida. He worked at Sand Hill Nursery near Lake Avalon and the Land of Bromeliads in Gotha before finding employment with Julian Nally. After the Nally estate was sold, Spencer worked for Racine Foster at Bromel-La. He graduated from UCF in 1990 summa cum laude with a BA in Liberal Studies and then found employment with Lyman B. Smith at the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History. Michael Spencer named a genus of bromeliads \"Racinaea\" in honor of Racine Foster. While engaged in his research, Spencer amassed this collection of materials concerning bromeliads and their collectors. He now lives in Frederick, Maryland where he has served on the Historic Preservation Commission since 2004.","Materials were rehoused in pH neutral folders and cartons. Photographs, negatives and slides were enclosed in polyester sleeves. Many of the materials were well organized and the arrangement was retained. The remainder were arranged by following the original arrangement as far as possible. Notes on folders were retained in the new folder. Paper clips were replaced with plastic clips or materials that belonged together were held together in a pH neutral paper sleeve. Loose-leaf notebooks that were badly rusted were discarded and the contents placed in folders. Items loose in the back of notebooks were foldered separately and marked accordingly. Notes from a film canister were written exactly as found as the label could not be removed. Albums falling apart were taken apart and foldered. Albums in reasonable condition had the photographs attached properly with corners and the pages interleaved to prevent sticking. Loose album pages in the Foster subseries on Plant Information were merely foldered as they were not in an album and were found without context. Collecion rehoused and finding aid revised by Chynna Thomas in 2023.","A large book collection accompanies this collection and may be accessed by performing a series search \"Michael A. Spencer Collection\" in the UCF Library  Online Catalog .  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Julian Nally ,  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Theodore Mead ,  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Henry Nehrling  and the  Henry Nehrling Papers  are also available in Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries. Some paintings by Mulford Foster are held at the  Harry P. Leu Gardens . The  Henry Nehrling Collection  and the  Theodore L. Mead Collection  are held at Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida. Lyman Smith's Papers are held at the  Smithsonian Institution Archives .","Series I: Mulford and Racine Foster Files, 1910-1991 documents the work of these two individuals in discovering and propagating bromeliads. Correspondence, publications, notebooks, drawings, research materials, memorabilia and photographs show all aspects of their work including plant collecting, landscape designing and publishing. Photographs may be black and white or color prints, negatives or slides. Additional materials about the Fosters may be found in Series II and III.","\nSeries II: Subject Files, 1880-2003 contains catalogues, journals, photographs, memorabilia and correspondence that Michael Spencer brought together under his chosen subject headings and arranged alphabetically. Many of the materials in this series originally came from Mulford and Racine Foster, which means that there is some overlap with the previous series. Spencer's own collecting interest lay in documenting the importance of bromeliads in society, and he collected many common items that showed bromeliads, especially pineapples.","\nSeries III: Author Files, 1754-1997 includes a variety of media used for research, such as articles, books, magazines, newspaper clippings, and photographs. There are a significant number of materials authored by Mulford and Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith, including original manuscripts.","\nSeries IV: Plants by Family Files, 1908-1990 contains alphabetical files on plant families, which include newspaper clippings, books and other research materials.","\nSeries V: Natural History Files, 1853-1997 holds alphabetical files on a wide range of natural history topics including plant societies, authors, drugs and diseases. The files contain published materials, photocopies, web resources, plant and geological samples that document's Michael's Spencer's considerable research interests.","\nSeries VI: Medicinal Files, 1988-1996 contains alphabetical files on diseases and therapies. Not all these files relate to plants though many of them concern natural therapies.","\nSeries VII: Lyman Smith Files: 1905-1994 holds alphabetical files that belonged to Lyman B. Smith. His notebooks, manscripts, teaching materials and correspondence may all be found here.","\nSeries VIII: Personal Files, 1863-2014 contains alphabetical files showing Spencer's interest in collecting books and his wide interests. Materials that do not clearly belong in the other series may be found here.","Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder.","Michael A. Spencer assembled this collection of publications, photographs, drawings, correspondence programs and other materials focusing on the discovery, taxonomy and cultivation of bromeliads. Mulford B. Foster, Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith are among the significant bromeliad collectors whose work is documented here.","UCF Special Collections","Bromeliad Society","Spencer, Michael A.","Smith, Lyman B.","Foster, Mulford B. (Mulford Bateman), 1888-1978","Foster, Racine, 1910-1991","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 068","/repositories/4/resources/148"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1754-2014"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014"],"collection_title_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014"],"collection_ssim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Marineland (Fla.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Marineland (Fla.)"],"creator_ssm":["Spencer, Michael A."],"creator_ssim":["Spencer, Michael A."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Spencer, Michael A."],"creators_ssim":["Spencer, Michael A."],"places_ssim":["Marineland (Fla.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Some of these materials were donated to and others were purchased by the University of Central Florida Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives from Michael A. Spencer in 2006 (CFM2006_09), 2011 (CFM2011_02), 2012 (CFM2012_10), and 2014 (CFM2014_01)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Botany","Botany -- Brazil","Bromeliaceae","Bromelin","Cooking (Pineapples)","Pineapple","Plant hybridization","botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Botany","Botany -- Brazil","Bromeliaceae","Bromelin","Cooking (Pineapples)","Pineapple","Plant hybridization","botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["130 Linear Feet 259 boxes, 2 flat files"],"extent_tesim":["130 Linear Feet 259 boxes, 2 flat files"],"genreform_ssim":["botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)"],"date_range_isim":[1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research except for the following:\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eBoxes 180-181: Personal correspondence\u003c/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eBoxes 213-214: Manuscript of \"Brazil: Orchid of the Tropics\"\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research except for the following:\n Boxes 180-181: Personal correspondence Boxes 213-214: Manuscript of \"Brazil: Orchid of the Tropics\""],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into eight series by type of file.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into eight series by type of file."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMichael A. Spencer was born in Orlando and grew up in Winter Garden, Florida. He worked at Sand Hill Nursery near Lake Avalon and the Land of Bromeliads in Gotha before finding employment with Julian Nally. After the Nally estate was sold, Spencer worked for Racine Foster at Bromel-La. He graduated from UCF in 1990 summa cum laude with a BA in Liberal Studies and then found employment with Lyman B. Smith at the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History. Michael Spencer named a genus of bromeliads \"Racinaea\" in honor of Racine Foster. While engaged in his research, Spencer amassed this collection of materials concerning bromeliads and their collectors. He now lives in Frederick, Maryland where he has served on the Historic Preservation Commission since 2004.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer was born in Orlando and grew up in Winter Garden, Florida. He worked at Sand Hill Nursery near Lake Avalon and the Land of Bromeliads in Gotha before finding employment with Julian Nally. After the Nally estate was sold, Spencer worked for Racine Foster at Bromel-La. He graduated from UCF in 1990 summa cum laude with a BA in Liberal Studies and then found employment with Lyman B. Smith at the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History. Michael Spencer named a genus of bromeliads \"Racinaea\" in honor of Racine Foster. While engaged in his research, Spencer amassed this collection of materials concerning bromeliads and their collectors. He now lives in Frederick, Maryland where he has served on the Historic Preservation Commission since 2004."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMichael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials were rehoused in pH neutral folders and cartons. Photographs, negatives and slides were enclosed in polyester sleeves. Many of the materials were well organized and the arrangement was retained. The remainder were arranged by following the original arrangement as far as possible. Notes on folders were retained in the new folder. Paper clips were replaced with plastic clips or materials that belonged together were held together in a pH neutral paper sleeve. Loose-leaf notebooks that were badly rusted were discarded and the contents placed in folders. Items loose in the back of notebooks were foldered separately and marked accordingly. Notes from a film canister were written exactly as found as the label could not be removed. Albums falling apart were taken apart and foldered. Albums in reasonable condition had the photographs attached properly with corners and the pages interleaved to prevent sticking. Loose album pages in the Foster subseries on Plant Information were merely foldered as they were not in an album and were found without context. Collecion rehoused and finding aid revised by Chynna Thomas in 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Materials were rehoused in pH neutral folders and cartons. Photographs, negatives and slides were enclosed in polyester sleeves. Many of the materials were well organized and the arrangement was retained. The remainder were arranged by following the original arrangement as far as possible. Notes on folders were retained in the new folder. Paper clips were replaced with plastic clips or materials that belonged together were held together in a pH neutral paper sleeve. Loose-leaf notebooks that were badly rusted were discarded and the contents placed in folders. Items loose in the back of notebooks were foldered separately and marked accordingly. Notes from a film canister were written exactly as found as the label could not be removed. Albums falling apart were taken apart and foldered. Albums in reasonable condition had the photographs attached properly with corners and the pages interleaved to prevent sticking. Loose album pages in the Foster subseries on Plant Information were merely foldered as they were not in an album and were found without context. Collecion rehoused and finding aid revised by Chynna Thomas in 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA large book collection accompanies this collection and may be accessed by performing a series search \"Michael A. Spencer Collection\" in the UCF Library \u003cextref href=\"https://library.ucf.edu\"\u003eOnline Catalog\u003c/extref\u003e. \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2006-08c\"\u003eMichael A. Spencer Collection on Julian Nally\u003c/extref\u003e, \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2006-08b\"\u003eMichael A. Spencer Collection on Theodore Mead\u003c/extref\u003e, \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2006-08a\"\u003eMichael A. Spencer Collection on Henry Nehrling\u003c/extref\u003e and the \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM1999-03\"\u003eHenry Nehrling Papers\u003c/extref\u003e are also available in Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries. Some paintings by Mulford Foster are held at the \u003cextref href=\"http://www.leugardens.org/\"\u003eHarry P. Leu Gardens\u003c/extref\u003e. The \u003cextref href=\"https://aspace.rollins.edu/repositories/2/resources/4\"\u003eHenry Nehrling Collection\u003c/extref\u003e and the \u003cextref href=\"https://aspace.rollins.edu/repositories/2/resources/97\"\u003eTheodore L. Mead Collection\u003c/extref\u003e are held at Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida. Lyman Smith's Papers are held at the \u003cextref href=\"http://siarchives.si.edu/\"\u003eSmithsonian Institution Archives\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["A large book collection accompanies this collection and may be accessed by performing a series search \"Michael A. Spencer Collection\" in the UCF Library  Online Catalog .  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Julian Nally ,  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Theodore Mead ,  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Henry Nehrling  and the  Henry Nehrling Papers  are also available in Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries. Some paintings by Mulford Foster are held at the  Harry P. Leu Gardens . The  Henry Nehrling Collection  and the  Theodore L. Mead Collection  are held at Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida. Lyman Smith's Papers are held at the  Smithsonian Institution Archives ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Mulford and Racine Foster Files, 1910-1991 documents the work of these two individuals in discovering and propagating bromeliads. Correspondence, publications, notebooks, drawings, research materials, memorabilia and photographs show all aspects of their work including plant collecting, landscape designing and publishing. Photographs may be black and white or color prints, negatives or slides. Additional materials about the Fosters may be found in Series II and III.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries II: Subject Files, 1880-2003 contains catalogues, journals, photographs, memorabilia and correspondence that Michael Spencer brought together under his chosen subject headings and arranged alphabetically. Many of the materials in this series originally came from Mulford and Racine Foster, which means that there is some overlap with the previous series. Spencer's own collecting interest lay in documenting the importance of bromeliads in society, and he collected many common items that showed bromeliads, especially pineapples.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries III: Author Files, 1754-1997 includes a variety of media used for research, such as articles, books, magazines, newspaper clippings, and photographs. There are a significant number of materials authored by Mulford and Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith, including original manuscripts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries IV: Plants by Family Files, 1908-1990 contains alphabetical files on plant families, which include newspaper clippings, books and other research materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries V: Natural History Files, 1853-1997 holds alphabetical files on a wide range of natural history topics including plant societies, authors, drugs and diseases. The files contain published materials, photocopies, web resources, plant and geological samples that document's Michael's Spencer's considerable research interests.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VI: Medicinal Files, 1988-1996 contains alphabetical files on diseases and therapies. Not all these files relate to plants though many of them concern natural therapies.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VII: Lyman Smith Files: 1905-1994 holds alphabetical files that belonged to Lyman B. Smith. His notebooks, manscripts, teaching materials and correspondence may all be found here.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VIII: Personal Files, 1863-2014 contains alphabetical files showing Spencer's interest in collecting books and his wide interests. Materials that do not clearly belong in the other series may be found here.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Series I: Mulford and Racine Foster Files, 1910-1991 documents the work of these two individuals in discovering and propagating bromeliads. Correspondence, publications, notebooks, drawings, research materials, memorabilia and photographs show all aspects of their work including plant collecting, landscape designing and publishing. Photographs may be black and white or color prints, negatives or slides. Additional materials about the Fosters may be found in Series II and III.","\nSeries II: Subject Files, 1880-2003 contains catalogues, journals, photographs, memorabilia and correspondence that Michael Spencer brought together under his chosen subject headings and arranged alphabetically. Many of the materials in this series originally came from Mulford and Racine Foster, which means that there is some overlap with the previous series. Spencer's own collecting interest lay in documenting the importance of bromeliads in society, and he collected many common items that showed bromeliads, especially pineapples.","\nSeries III: Author Files, 1754-1997 includes a variety of media used for research, such as articles, books, magazines, newspaper clippings, and photographs. There are a significant number of materials authored by Mulford and Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith, including original manuscripts.","\nSeries IV: Plants by Family Files, 1908-1990 contains alphabetical files on plant families, which include newspaper clippings, books and other research materials.","\nSeries V: Natural History Files, 1853-1997 holds alphabetical files on a wide range of natural history topics including plant societies, authors, drugs and diseases. The files contain published materials, photocopies, web resources, plant and geological samples that document's Michael's Spencer's considerable research interests.","\nSeries VI: Medicinal Files, 1988-1996 contains alphabetical files on diseases and therapies. Not all these files relate to plants though many of them concern natural therapies.","\nSeries VII: Lyman Smith Files: 1905-1994 holds alphabetical files that belonged to Lyman B. Smith. His notebooks, manscripts, teaching materials and correspondence may all be found here.","\nSeries VIII: Personal Files, 1863-2014 contains alphabetical files showing Spencer's interest in collecting books and his wide interests. Materials that do not clearly belong in the other series may be found here."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Copyright Statement"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_8e33310d6b1a70e4d88f1e2d3043cf71\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eMichael A. Spencer assembled this collection of publications, photographs, drawings, correspondence programs and other materials focusing on the discovery, taxonomy and cultivation of bromeliads. Mulford B. Foster, Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith are among the significant bromeliad collectors whose work is documented here.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer assembled this collection of publications, photographs, drawings, correspondence programs and other materials focusing on the discovery, taxonomy and cultivation of bromeliads. Mulford B. Foster, Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith are among the significant bromeliad collectors whose work is documented here."],"names_coll_ssim":["Bromeliad Society","Smith, Lyman B.","Foster, Mulford B. (Mulford Bateman), 1888-1978","Foster, Racine, 1910-1991"],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Bromeliad Society","Spencer, Michael A.","Smith, Lyman B.","Foster, Mulford B. (Mulford Bateman), 1888-1978","Foster, Racine, 1910-1991"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Bromeliad Society"],"persname_ssim":["Spencer, Michael A.","Smith, Lyman B.","Foster, Mulford B. 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The first series includes documents from work conducted at the sanctuary proper, though additional related documents may be found in the subject files. Within series, folders are arranged alphabetically.","Audubon Florida's Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary is a site which had been protected by Audubon wardens since the 1910s.  With no interest from the state in preserving the area, Audubon Florida founded the sanctuary in the mid-1950s.  From an initial 5,000 acres, it was expanded to more than 13,000 acres.  It is especially notable for its bald cypress forest and cypress domes, the only part of the original Fakahatchee cypress strand in the area to be preserved from logging, which commenced in 1944. As part of the Corkscrew watershed, the sanctuary is part of the western Everglades. To save the remaining cypress and vital habitat from destruction, Audubon led an effort to raise money to buy the property. By 1954, 5,680 acres were accumulated, the last virgin cypress forest in the entire world and the most important Wood Stork rookery in the U.S. When offered the property, the state of Florida expressed no interest in the site, so Audubon took ownership. By the 1970s and 80s, development had altered the local landscape and made the sanctuary a much less isolated site. Under the leadership of Executive Director (and longtime Audubon employee) Ed Carlson in the 1980s and 90s, the sanctuary incoroporated more formal education programs, a visitor center, and a boardwalk that provides a scenic tour of parts of the property. These records document the activities of the sanctuary, including habitat studies, research materials, educational records, correspondence, and general management of the site, from invasive species mitigation to controlled burns.","The Audubon Florida Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary Records donation included published book materials that are being processed for inclusion into the collection and will be traced on this record.","This collection consists of organizational papers, scientific data, field notebooks, correspondence, photographs and photographic slides, maps, and clippings.","Maps and publications related to the archival collection are cataloged individually and shelved in the Environment and Natural History Collection. Titles and links to the catalog record are available on this finding aid via the \"Cataloged Books, Publications, and Media\" and \"Cataloged Maps\" series.","None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information.","The Audubon Society Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary records contain materials collecting the history of this sanctuary and the scientific and outreach work conducted on the property and surrounding area. In addition, this collection includes research materials from several National Audubon Society projects, including from the Paul J. 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It is especially notable for its bald cypress forest and cypress domes, the only part of the original Fakahatchee cypress strand in the area to be preserved from logging, which commenced in 1944. As part of the Corkscrew watershed, the sanctuary is part of the western Everglades. To save the remaining cypress and vital habitat from destruction, Audubon led an effort to raise money to buy the property. By 1954, 5,680 acres were accumulated, the last virgin cypress forest in the entire world and the most important Wood Stork rookery in the U.S. When offered the property, the state of Florida expressed no interest in the site, so Audubon took ownership. By the 1970s and 80s, development had altered the local landscape and made the sanctuary a much less isolated site. Under the leadership of Executive Director (and longtime Audubon employee) Ed Carlson in the 1980s and 90s, the sanctuary incoroporated more formal education programs, a visitor center, and a boardwalk that provides a scenic tour of parts of the property. These records document the activities of the sanctuary, including habitat studies, research materials, educational records, correspondence, and general management of the site, from invasive species mitigation to controlled burns.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"bioghist_tesim":["Audubon Florida's Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary is a site which had been protected by Audubon wardens since the 1910s.  With no interest from the state in preserving the area, Audubon Florida founded the sanctuary in the mid-1950s.  From an initial 5,000 acres, it was expanded to more than 13,000 acres.  It is especially notable for its bald cypress forest and cypress domes, the only part of the original Fakahatchee cypress strand in the area to be preserved from logging, which commenced in 1944. As part of the Corkscrew watershed, the sanctuary is part of the western Everglades. To save the remaining cypress and vital habitat from destruction, Audubon led an effort to raise money to buy the property. By 1954, 5,680 acres were accumulated, the last virgin cypress forest in the entire world and the most important Wood Stork rookery in the U.S. When offered the property, the state of Florida expressed no interest in the site, so Audubon took ownership. By the 1970s and 80s, development had altered the local landscape and made the sanctuary a much less isolated site. Under the leadership of Executive Director (and longtime Audubon employee) Ed Carlson in the 1980s and 90s, the sanctuary incoroporated more formal education programs, a visitor center, and a boardwalk that provides a scenic tour of parts of the property. These records document the activities of the sanctuary, including habitat studies, research materials, educational records, correspondence, and general management of the site, from invasive species mitigation to controlled burns."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Audubon Florida Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary Records donation included published book materials that are being processed for inclusion into the collection and will be traced on this record.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Cataloged Publications"],"odd_tesim":["The Audubon Florida Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary Records donation included published book materials that are being processed for inclusion into the collection and will be traced on this record."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of organizational papers, scientific data, field notebooks, correspondence, photographs and photographic slides, maps, and clippings.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of organizational papers, scientific data, field notebooks, correspondence, photographs and photographic slides, maps, and clippings."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaps and publications related to the archival collection are cataloged individually and shelved in the Environment and Natural History Collection. Titles and links to the catalog record are available on this finding aid via the \"Cataloged Books, Publications, and Media\" and \"Cataloged Maps\" series.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Maps and publications related to the archival collection are cataloged individually and shelved in the Environment and Natural History Collection. Titles and links to the catalog record are available on this finding aid via the \"Cataloged Books, Publications, and Media\" and \"Cataloged Maps\" series."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone.\u0026#xA0;The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.\u0026#xA0; Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at \u003cextref href=\"http://www.copyright.gov/\"\u003ehttp://www.copyright.gov/\u003c/extref\u003e for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_bf60a5a83f90c49360b71829ac95b658\"\u003eThe Audubon Society Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary records contain materials collecting the history of this sanctuary and the scientific and outreach work conducted on the property and surrounding area. In addition, this collection includes research materials from several National Audubon Society projects, including from the Paul J. Rainey Wildlife Sanctuary and Platte River.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Audubon Society Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary records contain materials collecting the history of this sanctuary and the scientific and outreach work conducted on the property and surrounding area. In addition, this collection includes research materials from several National Audubon Society projects, including from the Paul J. 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Researchers must contact Special Collections \u0026 University Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The Austin Joseph Thomas Papers are owned by Florida International University.  This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"date_range_isim":[1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980],"containers_ssim":["folder 21"],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#20","_nest_parent_":"1bf21bc2ad4a5a80099c1ec4_aspace_d9e56e49b8dad1f7a10982f0b557644b","_root_":"1bf21bc2ad4a5a80099c1ec4","timestamp":"2026-05-22T02:01:06.060Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"1bf21bc2ad4a5a80099c1ec4","title_ssm":["Austin Joseph Thomas Papers"],"title_tesim":["Austin Joseph Thomas Papers"],"ead_ssi":"1bf21bc2ad4a5a80099c1ec4","unitdate_ssm":["1940-1988"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1940-1988"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SPC9035","/repositories/2/resources/124"],"text":["SPC9035","/repositories/2/resources/124","Austin Joseph Thomas Papers, bulk 1940-1988","Jamaica","Fish as Food","Fish culture","Fish kills - Jamaica","Fish ponds - Jamaica","Fisheries","Fishery sciences","Fishing","Jamaica - Politics and government to 1962","Jamaica - Politics and government 1962-","Fish culturists","This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact Special Collections \u0026 University Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials.","The materials in this collection are arranged alphabetically and by date","\"The Father of Jamaican Fish\" Austin Joseph \"AJ\" Thomas (1908-1988) was a self-taught marine scientist who led the development of fresh water fish farming in Jamaica. Born in Westmoreland in 1908, AJ Thomas was responsible for the technique of cultivating fish known as mono-sex culture. As Fisheries Offices in the Fisheries Division of the Ministry of Agriculture in the 1950s, Thomas experiemented with Adrican or Nile Perch or Tilapia. Recognizing that fish grew significantly when separated by sex, he termed his discovery mono-sex culture. Under his lead, the Fisheries Division built stocking ponds and distributed fingerlings to (cattle) ponds throughout Jamica for growing fish aimed at providing much needed animal protein. Mono-sex culture was heralded by the scientific community transforming the fishing industry worldwide. In the 1960s, AJ joined the Food and Agriculture Division of the United Nations and served for several years as Fisheries Advisor in West Africa. ","In 1949 he caught a fish on the North Coast (Jamaica) that was determined to be of a new species as yet unknown to science. It was named Gobiosoma thomasi after him. ","A lifelong environmentalist, published poet and author, Thomas was poshumously awareded the National Medal for Science and Technology (2003) for his work in the Fishing Industry. (Sources: Jamaica Portraits, 1955-1998 and The Jamaica Gleaner: Pieces of the Past: Famous Jamaican Scientists - Dreamers Among Us)","The materials in this collection primarily reflect AJ Thomas's work as a scientist. Articles written by or of interest to him are included, as well as professional correspondence, reports, and photographs. Additionally, there are files of personal correspondence, writing, articles, and photographs. ","In addition to the occupational articles, of special notice is a series of weekly short stories published in the Jamaica Daily News entitled \"The Villager.\" ","The bulk of the materials in this collection are from the 1940s through the 1980s. Earlier documents, such as Erica Thomas's school certificates from 1917-1920 are present, as well as later material related to AJ's biography and legacy. ","The Austin Joseph Thomas Papers are owned by Florida International University.  This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general","FIU Special Collections","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SPC9035","/repositories/2/resources/124"],"normalized_date_ssm":["bulk 1940-1988"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Austin Joseph Thomas Papers, bulk 1940-1988"],"collection_title_tesim":["Austin Joseph Thomas Papers, bulk 1940-1988"],"collection_ssim":["Austin Joseph Thomas Papers, bulk 1940-1988"],"repository_ssm":["FIU Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Jamaica"],"geogname_ssim":["Jamaica"],"places_ssim":["Jamaica"],"access_terms_ssm":["The Austin Joseph Thomas Papers are owned by Florida International University.  This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Materials were donated by Mr. Thomas's family"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Fish as Food","Fish culture","Fish kills - Jamaica","Fish ponds - Jamaica","Fisheries","Fishery sciences","Fishing","Jamaica - Politics and government to 1962","Jamaica - Politics and government 1962-","Fish culturists"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Fish as Food","Fish culture","Fish kills - Jamaica","Fish ponds - Jamaica","Fisheries","Fishery sciences","Fishing","Jamaica - Politics and government to 1962","Jamaica - Politics and government 1962-","Fish culturists"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4.54 Linear Feet 5 Banker Boxes\n1 Legal Size Document Case"],"extent_tesim":["4.54 Linear Feet 5 Banker Boxes\n1 Legal Size Document Case"],"date_range_isim":[1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research. Researchers must contact Special Collections \u0026amp; University Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact Special Collections \u0026 University Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this collection are arranged alphabetically and by date\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The materials in this collection are arranged alphabetically and by date"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"The Father of Jamaican Fish\" Austin Joseph \"AJ\" Thomas (1908-1988) was a self-taught marine scientist who led the development of fresh water fish farming in Jamaica. Born in Westmoreland in 1908, AJ Thomas was responsible for the technique of cultivating fish known as mono-sex culture. As Fisheries Offices in the Fisheries Division of the Ministry of Agriculture in the 1950s, Thomas experiemented with Adrican or Nile Perch or Tilapia. Recognizing that fish grew significantly when separated by sex, he termed his discovery mono-sex culture. Under his lead, the Fisheries Division built stocking ponds and distributed fingerlings to (cattle) ponds throughout Jamica for growing fish aimed at providing much needed animal protein. Mono-sex culture was heralded by the scientific community transforming the fishing industry worldwide. In the 1960s, AJ joined the Food and Agriculture Division of the United Nations and served for several years as Fisheries Advisor in West Africa. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1949 he caught a fish on the North Coast (Jamaica) that was determined to be of a new species as yet unknown to science. It was named Gobiosoma thomasi after him. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA lifelong environmentalist, published poet and author, Thomas was poshumously awareded the National Medal for Science and Technology (2003) for his work in the Fishing Industry. (Sources: Jamaica Portraits, 1955-1998 and The Jamaica Gleaner: Pieces of the Past: Famous Jamaican Scientists - Dreamers Among Us)\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["\"The Father of Jamaican Fish\" Austin Joseph \"AJ\" Thomas (1908-1988) was a self-taught marine scientist who led the development of fresh water fish farming in Jamaica. Born in Westmoreland in 1908, AJ Thomas was responsible for the technique of cultivating fish known as mono-sex culture. As Fisheries Offices in the Fisheries Division of the Ministry of Agriculture in the 1950s, Thomas experiemented with Adrican or Nile Perch or Tilapia. Recognizing that fish grew significantly when separated by sex, he termed his discovery mono-sex culture. Under his lead, the Fisheries Division built stocking ponds and distributed fingerlings to (cattle) ponds throughout Jamica for growing fish aimed at providing much needed animal protein. Mono-sex culture was heralded by the scientific community transforming the fishing industry worldwide. In the 1960s, AJ joined the Food and Agriculture Division of the United Nations and served for several years as Fisheries Advisor in West Africa. ","In 1949 he caught a fish on the North Coast (Jamaica) that was determined to be of a new species as yet unknown to science. It was named Gobiosoma thomasi after him. ","A lifelong environmentalist, published poet and author, Thomas was poshumously awareded the National Medal for Science and Technology (2003) for his work in the Fishing Industry. (Sources: Jamaica Portraits, 1955-1998 and The Jamaica Gleaner: Pieces of the Past: Famous Jamaican Scientists - Dreamers Among Us)"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this collection primarily reflect AJ Thomas's work as a scientist. Articles written by or of interest to him are included, as well as professional correspondence, reports, and photographs. Additionally, there are files of personal correspondence, writing, articles, and photographs. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to the occupational articles, of special notice is a series of weekly short stories published in the Jamaica Daily News entitled \"The Villager.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the materials in this collection are from the 1940s through the 1980s. Earlier documents, such as Erica Thomas's school certificates from 1917-1920 are present, as well as later material related to AJ's biography and legacy. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The materials in this collection primarily reflect AJ Thomas's work as a scientist. Articles written by or of interest to him are included, as well as professional correspondence, reports, and photographs. Additionally, there are files of personal correspondence, writing, articles, and photographs. ","In addition to the occupational articles, of special notice is a series of weekly short stories published in the Jamaica Daily News entitled \"The Villager.\" ","The bulk of the materials in this collection are from the 1940s through the 1980s. Earlier documents, such as Erica Thomas's school certificates from 1917-1920 are present, as well as later material related to AJ's biography and legacy. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Austin Joseph Thomas Papers are owned by Florida International University.  This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Austin Joseph Thomas Papers are owned by Florida International University.  This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"names_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"corpname_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":120,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"1bf21bc2ad4a5a80099c1ec4","timestamp":"2026-05-22T02:01:06.060Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/1bf21bc2ad4a5a80099c1ec4_aspace_9fb231b04389b6e8951cd122983e5d3e"}},{"id":"5e441c26c224fc2443904339_aspace_0705cf1410aa8693a2e557de9522c35e","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Naval Submarine Base New London, 1954-1979","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/5e441c26c224fc2443904339_aspace_0705cf1410aa8693a2e557de9522c35e#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_0705cf1410aa8693a2e557de9522c35e","ref_ssm":["aspace_0705cf1410aa8693a2e557de9522c35e","aspace_0705cf1410aa8693a2e557de9522c35e"],"id":"5e441c26c224fc2443904339_aspace_0705cf1410aa8693a2e557de9522c35e","title_filing_ssi":"Naval Submarine Base New London","title_ssm":["Naval Submarine Base New London"],"title_tesim":["Naval Submarine Base New London"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1954-1979"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1954-1979"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Naval Submarine Base New London, 1954-1979"],"text":["Naval Submarine Base New London, 1954-1979","Maks Dikarev Naval Cover Collection, 1927-1941, 1954-1982","Box 1","Cold War","Naval Base","/repositories/2/archival_objects/75740","box 1","folder 79","The cachets under this heading depict the following vessels: USS Nautilus (SSN-571); USS Patrick Henry (SSBN-599); USS Triton (SSRN-586); USS Skate (SSN-578); USS George Washington (SSN-598); USS Skipjack (SSN-585); USS Tullibee (SSN-597); USS Abraham Lincoln (SSBN-602); USS Theodore Roosevelt (SSBN-600); USS Seawolf (SSN-75); USS Robert E. Lee (SSBN-601); USS Trout (SS-566)"],"component_level_isim":[4],"parent_ids_ssim":["5e441c26c224fc2443904339","5e441c26c224fc2443904339_aspace_bfbcc03b00690a4ddba2a32d2be2a6b9","5e441c26c224fc2443904339_aspace_a4f974841d4716dac467aa617b329b3d","5e441c26c224fc2443904339_aspace_f7da47cbe3d41e328f50e29753cdd871"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Maks Dikarev Naval Cover Collection, 1927-1941, 1954-1982","Box 1","Cold War","Naval Base"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Maks Dikarev Naval Cover Collection, 1927-1941, 1954-1982","Box 1","Cold War","Naval Base"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Other level","Series","Subseries"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/2/archival_objects/75740"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Maks Dikarev Naval Cover Collection, 1927-1941, 1954-1982"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":101,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The Maks Dikarev Naval Cover Collection is owned by Florida International University.  This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"date_range_isim":[1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979],"containers_ssim":["box 1","folder 79"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe cachets under this heading depict the following vessels: USS Nautilus (SSN-571); USS Patrick Henry (SSBN-599); USS Triton (SSRN-586); USS Skate (SSN-578); USS George Washington (SSN-598); USS Skipjack (SSN-585); USS Tullibee (SSN-597); USS Abraham Lincoln (SSBN-602); USS Theodore Roosevelt (SSBN-600); USS Seawolf (SSN-75); USS Robert E. Lee (SSBN-601); USS Trout (SS-566)\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["The cachets under this heading depict the following vessels: USS Nautilus (SSN-571); USS Patrick Henry (SSBN-599); USS Triton (SSRN-586); USS Skate (SSN-578); USS George Washington (SSN-598); USS Skipjack (SSN-585); USS Tullibee (SSN-597); USS Abraham Lincoln (SSBN-602); USS Theodore Roosevelt (SSBN-600); USS Seawolf (SSN-75); USS Robert E. Lee (SSBN-601); USS Trout (SS-566)"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#1/components#1/components#5","_nest_parent_":"5e441c26c224fc2443904339_aspace_f7da47cbe3d41e328f50e29753cdd871","_root_":"5e441c26c224fc2443904339","_version_":1870844426508566528,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T04:31:19.551Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"5e441c26c224fc2443904339","title_ssm":["Maks Dikarev Naval Cover Collection"],"title_tesim":["Maks Dikarev Naval Cover Collection"],"ead_ssi":"5e441c26c224fc2443904339","unitdate_ssm":["1927-1941","1954-1982"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1927-1941","1954-1982"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SPC9050","/repositories/2/resources/108"],"text":["SPC9050","/repositories/2/resources/108","Maks Dikarev Naval Cover Collection, 1927-1941, 1954-1982","Naval battles in art","Cold War","Naval History","Navy yards and naval stations","Communications, Military","United States. Navy-- Records and correspondence","Modern naval history","Warships","China--Sino-Japanese Conflict, 1931-1933","China--Sino-Japanese War, 1937-1945","Nuclear submarines","Mail art","This collection is open for research.","The materials in this collection are arranged in the following series' and sub-series:","Series:\nU.S. Asiatic Fleet","\nSub-series: \n    \t\t\tAircraft Carrier\n                Battleship\n                Collier\n                Cruiser\n                Destroyer\n                Destroyer Tender\t\n                Freighter\n                Gunboat\n                Minesweeper\n                Patrol Yacht\n                Seaplane Tender\n                Submarine\n                Submarine Rescue Vessel\n                Submarine Tender\n                Tug\n                Shore Base\n                Photographs\nCold War","\nSub-series:\n    \t\t\tHeavy Cruiser\n    \t\t\tNaval Base\n                Other Locations\n                Replenishment Oiler\n                Sub Tender","This collection consists of naval covers created during the interwar period of the 1920s and 1930s, as well as the Cold War period of the early 1950s through the early 1980s. ","According to the Naval Cover Museum, \"a naval cover is any envelope, postcard, or other postal medium that is mailed from or somehow related to a navy ship, location, or event. Beginning in 1908, post offices were established on board U.S. Navy ships and each ship had one or more postmarks to \"cancel\" the stamps used on the cover. The postmark, or cancellation, would usually have the ship's name and the date that the cover was cancelled.\" Additionally, \"starting in the 1930's, covers with printed designs, called cachets, began appearing and established a large following. Many different cachets were designed and sent to various ships to be cancelled and mailed. Some cachets were designed for a specific ship while others were generic (perhaps for a holiday or commemorating an historical event) and sent to many different ships.\" While the use of cachets diminished during the Second World War, they were revived at its conclusion and are still in use to this day. ","The focus of the interwar covers in this collection is of the U.S. Asiatic Fleet, which was responsible for protecting and advancing U.S. interests in the western Pacific area and China. This was also a period of conflict between the Republic of China and Imperial Japan, and incidents such as the Japanese attack on the USS Panay in 1937 are commemorated in the artwork on the covers. Many of the ships represented in this collection went on to serve valiantly in the Second World War. Several were subsequently lost to enemy action. The second half of the collection focuses on the fleet of United States' first and second generation of nuclear-powered submarines in service from the 1950s through the 1970s, including the USS Nautilus. Attack submarines and ballistic missile submarines are represented, with covers and postmarks from important submarine shipyards and naval bases.","The materials represent two time periods: The late 1920s through the beginning of the Second World War, and the early Cold War period of the 1950s through the 1970s. The former consists of naval covers from ships assigned to the U.S. Asiatic Fleet. While the ships may have served with other fleets and stations over their service lives, only their time in this specific fleet is represented here. The latter portion of the collection represents communications to or from shipyards and submarine bases. While some communication is directed to or from a specific boat (the proper term for a submarine), the cachet on the cover is the focus of the collection. ","As I was conducting research for this collection, I noticed that some ships were built for one particular purpose, yet at the time of the creation of the collection item, their role (and perhaps name) had changed. The collection will reflect the name and role of the ship at the time these items were created. Additionally, hull number will be included, as in some cases multiple ships have carried the same name (i.e. Enterprise). ","The Maks Dikarev Naval Cover Collection is owned by Florida International University.  This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general","FIU Special Collections","Maksimilian Dikarev","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SPC9050","/repositories/2/resources/108"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1927-1941, 1954-1982"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Maks Dikarev Naval Cover Collection, 1927-1941, 1954-1982"],"collection_title_tesim":["Maks Dikarev Naval Cover Collection, 1927-1941, 1954-1982"],"collection_ssim":["Maks Dikarev Naval Cover Collection, 1927-1941, 1954-1982"],"repository_ssm":["FIU Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Naval battles in art","Cold War"],"geogname_ssim":["Naval battles in art","Cold War"],"creator_ssm":["Maksimilian Dikarev"],"creator_ssim":["Maksimilian Dikarev"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Maksimilian Dikarev"],"creators_ssim":["Maksimilian Dikarev"],"places_ssim":["Naval battles in art","Cold War"],"access_terms_ssm":["The Maks Dikarev Naval Cover Collection is owned by Florida International University.  This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Materials were donated by Maksimilian Dikarev."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Naval History","Navy yards and naval stations","Communications, Military","United States. Navy-- Records and correspondence","Modern naval history","Warships","China--Sino-Japanese Conflict, 1931-1933","China--Sino-Japanese War, 1937-1945","Nuclear submarines","Mail art"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Naval History","Navy yards and naval stations","Communications, Military","United States. Navy-- Records and correspondence","Modern naval history","Warships","China--Sino-Japanese Conflict, 1931-1933","China--Sino-Japanese War, 1937-1945","Nuclear submarines","Mail art"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.5 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["1.5 Linear Feet"],"physfacet_tesim":["1 Banker box and 1 5\" Legal size document case. "],"date_range_isim":[1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this collection are arranged in the following series' and sub-series:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries:\nU.S. Asiatic Fleet\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSub-series: \n    \t\t\tAircraft Carrier\n                Battleship\n                Collier\n                Cruiser\n                Destroyer\n                Destroyer Tender\t\n                Freighter\n                Gunboat\n                Minesweeper\n                Patrol Yacht\n                Seaplane Tender\n                Submarine\n                Submarine Rescue Vessel\n                Submarine Tender\n                Tug\n                Shore Base\n                Photographs\nCold War\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSub-series:\n    \t\t\tHeavy Cruiser\n    \t\t\tNaval Base\n                Other Locations\n                Replenishment Oiler\n                Sub Tender\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The materials in this collection are arranged in the following series' and sub-series:","Series:\nU.S. Asiatic Fleet","\nSub-series: \n    \t\t\tAircraft Carrier\n                Battleship\n                Collier\n                Cruiser\n                Destroyer\n                Destroyer Tender\t\n                Freighter\n                Gunboat\n                Minesweeper\n                Patrol Yacht\n                Seaplane Tender\n                Submarine\n                Submarine Rescue Vessel\n                Submarine Tender\n                Tug\n                Shore Base\n                Photographs\nCold War","\nSub-series:\n    \t\t\tHeavy Cruiser\n    \t\t\tNaval Base\n                Other Locations\n                Replenishment Oiler\n                Sub Tender"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of naval covers created during the interwar period of the 1920s and 1930s, as well as the Cold War period of the early 1950s through the early 1980s. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAccording to the Naval Cover Museum, \"a naval cover is any envelope, postcard, or other postal medium that is mailed from or somehow related to a navy ship, location, or event. Beginning in 1908, post offices were established on board U.S. Navy ships and each ship had one or more postmarks to \"cancel\" the stamps used on the cover. The postmark, or cancellation, would usually have the ship's name and the date that the cover was cancelled.\" Additionally, \"starting in the 1930's, covers with printed designs, called cachets, began appearing and established a large following. Many different cachets were designed and sent to various ships to be cancelled and mailed. Some cachets were designed for a specific ship while others were generic (perhaps for a holiday or commemorating an historical event) and sent to many different ships.\" While the use of cachets diminished during the Second World War, they were revived at its conclusion and are still in use to this day. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe focus of the interwar covers in this collection is of the U.S. Asiatic Fleet, which was responsible for protecting and advancing U.S. interests in the western Pacific area and China. This was also a period of conflict between the Republic of China and Imperial Japan, and incidents such as the Japanese attack on the USS Panay in 1937 are commemorated in the artwork on the covers. Many of the ships represented in this collection went on to serve valiantly in the Second World War. Several were subsequently lost to enemy action. The second half of the collection focuses on the fleet of United States' first and second generation of nuclear-powered submarines in service from the 1950s through the 1970s, including the USS Nautilus. Attack submarines and ballistic missile submarines are represented, with covers and postmarks from important submarine shipyards and naval bases.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["This collection consists of naval covers created during the interwar period of the 1920s and 1930s, as well as the Cold War period of the early 1950s through the early 1980s. ","According to the Naval Cover Museum, \"a naval cover is any envelope, postcard, or other postal medium that is mailed from or somehow related to a navy ship, location, or event. Beginning in 1908, post offices were established on board U.S. Navy ships and each ship had one or more postmarks to \"cancel\" the stamps used on the cover. The postmark, or cancellation, would usually have the ship's name and the date that the cover was cancelled.\" Additionally, \"starting in the 1930's, covers with printed designs, called cachets, began appearing and established a large following. Many different cachets were designed and sent to various ships to be cancelled and mailed. Some cachets were designed for a specific ship while others were generic (perhaps for a holiday or commemorating an historical event) and sent to many different ships.\" While the use of cachets diminished during the Second World War, they were revived at its conclusion and are still in use to this day. ","The focus of the interwar covers in this collection is of the U.S. Asiatic Fleet, which was responsible for protecting and advancing U.S. interests in the western Pacific area and China. This was also a period of conflict between the Republic of China and Imperial Japan, and incidents such as the Japanese attack on the USS Panay in 1937 are commemorated in the artwork on the covers. Many of the ships represented in this collection went on to serve valiantly in the Second World War. Several were subsequently lost to enemy action. The second half of the collection focuses on the fleet of United States' first and second generation of nuclear-powered submarines in service from the 1950s through the 1970s, including the USS Nautilus. Attack submarines and ballistic missile submarines are represented, with covers and postmarks from important submarine shipyards and naval bases."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials represent two time periods: The late 1920s through the beginning of the Second World War, and the early Cold War period of the 1950s through the 1970s. The former consists of naval covers from ships assigned to the U.S. Asiatic Fleet. While the ships may have served with other fleets and stations over their service lives, only their time in this specific fleet is represented here. The latter portion of the collection represents communications to or from shipyards and submarine bases. While some communication is directed to or from a specific boat (the proper term for a submarine), the cachet on the cover is the focus of the collection. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAs I was conducting research for this collection, I noticed that some ships were built for one particular purpose, yet at the time of the creation of the collection item, their role (and perhaps name) had changed. The collection will reflect the name and role of the ship at the time these items were created. Additionally, hull number will be included, as in some cases multiple ships have carried the same name (i.e. Enterprise). \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The materials represent two time periods: The late 1920s through the beginning of the Second World War, and the early Cold War period of the 1950s through the 1970s. The former consists of naval covers from ships assigned to the U.S. Asiatic Fleet. While the ships may have served with other fleets and stations over their service lives, only their time in this specific fleet is represented here. The latter portion of the collection represents communications to or from shipyards and submarine bases. While some communication is directed to or from a specific boat (the proper term for a submarine), the cachet on the cover is the focus of the collection. ","As I was conducting research for this collection, I noticed that some ships were built for one particular purpose, yet at the time of the creation of the collection item, their role (and perhaps name) had changed. The collection will reflect the name and role of the ship at the time these items were created. Additionally, hull number will be included, as in some cases multiple ships have carried the same name (i.e. Enterprise). "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Maks Dikarev Naval Cover Collection is owned by Florida International University.  This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Maks Dikarev Naval Cover Collection is owned by Florida International University.  This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. 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