{"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026page=88","prev":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026page=87","next":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026page=89","last":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026page=526"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":88,"next_page":89,"prev_page":87,"total_pages":526,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":870,"total_count":5252,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"55eaf2ddbf5d36f9ff27ff0d_aspace_37310","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"City of Miami Child Care Committee, Reports, Proposed Budgets, Correspondence, News Clippings, 1973-1974","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/55eaf2ddbf5d36f9ff27ff0d_aspace_37310#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_37310","ref_ssm":["aspace_37310","aspace_37310"],"id":"55eaf2ddbf5d36f9ff27ff0d_aspace_37310","title_filing_ssi":"City of Miami Child Care Committee, Reports, Proposed Budgets, Correspondence, News Clippings","title_ssm":["City of Miami Child Care Committee, Reports, Proposed Budgets, Correspondence, News Clippings"],"title_tesim":["City of Miami Child Care Committee, Reports, Proposed Budgets, Correspondence, News Clippings"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1973-1974"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1973-1974"],"normalized_title_ssm":["City of Miami Child Care Committee, Reports, Proposed Budgets, Correspondence, News Clippings, 1973-1974"],"text":["City of Miami Child Care Committee, Reports, Proposed Budgets, Correspondence, News Clippings, 1973-1974","Marie Anderson Papers, 1966-1978","Box 2","Folder 7","/repositories/2/archival_objects/27479","folder 7"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["55eaf2ddbf5d36f9ff27ff0d","55eaf2ddbf5d36f9ff27ff0d_aspace_37293"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Marie Anderson Papers, 1966-1978","Box 2"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Marie Anderson Papers, 1966-1978","Box 2"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Box 2"],"unitid_ssm":["Folder 7","/repositories/2/archival_objects/27479"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Marie Anderson Papers, 1966-1978"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":36,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research use."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Copyright restrictions may apply. No part of the materials protected by copyright may be reproduced or utilized in any form, electronic or mechanical, without written permission from the copyright holder. Researchers are required to seek permission from the copyright holder to reproduce and/or publish materials, in accordance with United States copyright law."],"date_range_isim":[1973,1974],"containers_ssim":["folder 7"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#6","_nest_parent_":"55eaf2ddbf5d36f9ff27ff0d_aspace_37293","_root_":"55eaf2ddbf5d36f9ff27ff0d","_version_":1870844476744794112,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T04:32:07.461Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"55eaf2ddbf5d36f9ff27ff0d","title_ssm":["Marie Anderson Papers"],"title_tesim":["Marie Anderson Papers"],"ead_ssi":"55eaf2ddbf5d36f9ff27ff0d","unitdate_ssm":["1966-1978"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1966-1978"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Item","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SPC9060","/repositories/2/resources/125"],"text":["SPC9060","/repositories/2/resources/125","Marie Anderson Papers, 1966-1978","Miami","Women journalists","Women -- Rights -- History","Equal rights amendments -- Florida","International Women's Year, 1975","Women's rights -- Florida","Journalists","The collection is open for research use.","The collection is arranged in two boxes organized by subject and chronological order. Box 1 contains papers and news clippings related to Anderson's work on the Commission on the Status of Women from 1966 to 1974, as well as personal and professional correspondence from 1967 to 1973. Box 2 contains papers and news clippings related to Anderson's work in women's rights activism from 1967 to 1978, including the attempted ratification of the Equal Rights Amendement.","Marie Anderson (1916-1996) was the women's editor at the Miami Herald from 1959 to 1970, and the dean of University Relations and Development at Florida International University from 1972 to 1977. ","A pioneer in women's journalism, Anderson became nationally known and acclaimed for her work as the editor of the women's page in the Miami Herald. She was instrumental in transforming the women's page from focusing on fashion, food, and social events to covering the serious social, economic, and political issues affecting women in the 1950s and 60s. During her time as editor, Anderson extensively covered the burgeoning women's movement; she was not afraid to publish articles that discussed birth control, the sexual revolution, and other women's issues that were deemed too controversial by other newspapers. Anderson was a three time winner of the The J. C. Penney-University of Missouri Journalism Award for her excellence in women's page journalism. She stepped down from her position as editor in 1970 and became a reporter for the Miami Herald's home and design department. In 1972, she left the Miami Herald to become dean of University Relations and Development at Florida International University. In 1973, she was appointed by the governor to serve as a chairperson in the Florida Commission on the Status of Women. After retiring from her position as dean in 1977, Anderson continued working as an activist for feminism and women's history in Florida. She served as editor for the magazine of the Historical Association of Southern Florida from 1979 to 1988, and in 1980 she published a book,  Julia's Daughters: Women in Dade's History . She died in 1996.","Note written by Amanda Sentmanat-Perez","This collection contains a mix of business and personal papers from Marie Anderson, including memorandums, reports, correspondence, and handwritten notes related to her work in women's rights activism from 1966 to 1978. The papers in the collection primarily relate to Anderson's time on the Florida Governor's Commission on the Status of Women and the Metro-Dade County Commission on the Status of Women, as well as the attempted ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment. The collection also contains newspaper clippings and ephemera related to the women's movement of the 1970s.","Copyright restrictions may apply. No part of the materials protected by copyright may be reproduced or utilized in any form, electronic or mechanical, without written permission from the copyright holder. Researchers are required to seek permission from the copyright holder to reproduce and/or publish materials, in accordance with United States copyright law.","FIU Special Collections","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SPC9060","/repositories/2/resources/125"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1966-1978"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Marie Anderson Papers, 1966-1978"],"collection_title_tesim":["Marie Anderson Papers, 1966-1978"],"collection_ssim":["Marie Anderson Papers, 1966-1978"],"repository_ssm":["FIU Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Miami"],"geogname_ssim":["Miami"],"places_ssim":["Miami"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright restrictions may apply. No part of the materials protected by copyright may be reproduced or utilized in any form, electronic or mechanical, without written permission from the copyright holder. Researchers are required to seek permission from the copyright holder to reproduce and/or publish materials, in accordance with United States copyright law."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women journalists","Women -- Rights -- History","Equal rights amendments -- Florida","International Women's Year, 1975","Women's rights -- Florida","Journalists"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women journalists","Women -- Rights -- History","Equal rights amendments -- Florida","International Women's Year, 1975","Women's rights -- Florida","Journalists"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["3 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in two boxes organized by subject and chronological order. Box 1 contains papers and news clippings related to Anderson's work on the Commission on the Status of Women from 1966 to 1974, as well as personal and professional correspondence from 1967 to 1973. Box 2 contains papers and news clippings related to Anderson's work in women's rights activism from 1967 to 1978, including the attempted ratification of the Equal Rights Amendement.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in two boxes organized by subject and chronological order. Box 1 contains papers and news clippings related to Anderson's work on the Commission on the Status of Women from 1966 to 1974, as well as personal and professional correspondence from 1967 to 1973. Box 2 contains papers and news clippings related to Anderson's work in women's rights activism from 1967 to 1978, including the attempted ratification of the Equal Rights Amendement."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMarie Anderson (1916-1996) was the women's editor at the Miami Herald from 1959 to 1970, and the dean of University Relations and Development at Florida International University from 1972 to 1977. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA pioneer in women's journalism, Anderson became nationally known and acclaimed for her work as the editor of the women's page in the Miami Herald. She was instrumental in transforming the women's page from focusing on fashion, food, and social events to covering the serious social, economic, and political issues affecting women in the 1950s and 60s. During her time as editor, Anderson extensively covered the burgeoning women's movement; she was not afraid to publish articles that discussed birth control, the sexual revolution, and other women's issues that were deemed too controversial by other newspapers. Anderson was a three time winner of the The J. C. Penney-University of Missouri Journalism Award for her excellence in women's page journalism. She stepped down from her position as editor in 1970 and became a reporter for the Miami Herald's home and design department. In 1972, she left the Miami Herald to become dean of University Relations and Development at Florida International University. In 1973, she was appointed by the governor to serve as a chairperson in the Florida Commission on the Status of Women. After retiring from her position as dean in 1977, Anderson continued working as an activist for feminism and women's history in Florida. She served as editor for the magazine of the Historical Association of Southern Florida from 1979 to 1988, and in 1980 she published a book, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eJulia's Daughters: Women in Dade's History\u003c/emph\u003e. She died in 1996.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Amanda Sentmanat-Perez\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Marie Anderson (1916-1996) was the women's editor at the Miami Herald from 1959 to 1970, and the dean of University Relations and Development at Florida International University from 1972 to 1977. ","A pioneer in women's journalism, Anderson became nationally known and acclaimed for her work as the editor of the women's page in the Miami Herald. She was instrumental in transforming the women's page from focusing on fashion, food, and social events to covering the serious social, economic, and political issues affecting women in the 1950s and 60s. During her time as editor, Anderson extensively covered the burgeoning women's movement; she was not afraid to publish articles that discussed birth control, the sexual revolution, and other women's issues that were deemed too controversial by other newspapers. Anderson was a three time winner of the The J. C. Penney-University of Missouri Journalism Award for her excellence in women's page journalism. She stepped down from her position as editor in 1970 and became a reporter for the Miami Herald's home and design department. In 1972, she left the Miami Herald to become dean of University Relations and Development at Florida International University. In 1973, she was appointed by the governor to serve as a chairperson in the Florida Commission on the Status of Women. After retiring from her position as dean in 1977, Anderson continued working as an activist for feminism and women's history in Florida. She served as editor for the magazine of the Historical Association of Southern Florida from 1979 to 1988, and in 1980 she published a book,  Julia's Daughters: Women in Dade's History . She died in 1996.","Note written by Amanda Sentmanat-Perez"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a mix of business and personal papers from Marie Anderson, including memorandums, reports, correspondence, and handwritten notes related to her work in women's rights activism from 1966 to 1978. The papers in the collection primarily relate to Anderson's time on the Florida Governor's Commission on the Status of Women and the Metro-Dade County Commission on the Status of Women, as well as the attempted ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment. The collection also contains newspaper clippings and ephemera related to the women's movement of the 1970s.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a mix of business and personal papers from Marie Anderson, including memorandums, reports, correspondence, and handwritten notes related to her work in women's rights activism from 1966 to 1978. The papers in the collection primarily relate to Anderson's time on the Florida Governor's Commission on the Status of Women and the Metro-Dade County Commission on the Status of Women, as well as the attempted ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment. The collection also contains newspaper clippings and ephemera related to the women's movement of the 1970s."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright restrictions may apply. No part of the materials protected by copyright may be reproduced or utilized in any form, electronic or mechanical, without written permission from the copyright holder. Researchers are required to seek permission from the copyright holder to reproduce and/or publish materials, in accordance with United States copyright law.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright restrictions may apply. No part of the materials protected by copyright may be reproduced or utilized in any form, electronic or mechanical, without written permission from the copyright holder. Researchers are required to seek permission from the copyright holder to reproduce and/or publish materials, in accordance with United States copyright law."],"names_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"corpname_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":57,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870844476744794112,"_root_":"55eaf2ddbf5d36f9ff27ff0d","timestamp":"2026-07-16T04:32:07.461Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/55eaf2ddbf5d36f9ff27ff0d_aspace_37310"}},{"id":"71b8a757b0f138dee122db24_aspace_b091138582b2da4e7e12b853fb705d94","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"City of St. Petersburg, 1974-1977","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/71b8a757b0f138dee122db24_aspace_b091138582b2da4e7e12b853fb705d94#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_b091138582b2da4e7e12b853fb705d94","ref_ssm":["aspace_b091138582b2da4e7e12b853fb705d94","aspace_b091138582b2da4e7e12b853fb705d94"],"id":"71b8a757b0f138dee122db24_aspace_b091138582b2da4e7e12b853fb705d94","title_filing_ssi":"City of St. Petersburg","title_ssm":["City of St. Petersburg"],"title_tesim":["City of St. Petersburg"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1974-1977"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1974-1977"],"normalized_title_ssm":["City of St. Petersburg, 1974-1977"],"text":["City of St. Petersburg, 1974-1977","Florida Bandmasters Association Records, 1936-2010","Correspondence","Business Correspondence","/repositories/2/archival_objects/40516","box 98","folder 13"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["71b8a757b0f138dee122db24","71b8a757b0f138dee122db24_aspace_73dc9b1d2c27e41cb1782e4d9efb7b87","71b8a757b0f138dee122db24_aspace_560c8676b080c785e4b775fdaf904a22"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Florida Bandmasters Association Records, 1936-2010","Correspondence","Business Correspondence"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Florida Bandmasters Association Records, 1936-2010","Correspondence","Business Correspondence"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Subseries"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/2/archival_objects/40516"],"repository_ssim":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Florida Bandmasters Association Records, 1936-2010"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":1852,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to\nunprocessed born digital materials."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Permission to publish materials from the Florida Bandmasters Association Records must be obtained from the Florida Bandmasters Association. Please inquire with the College Archivist if you have questions 863-616-6487"],"date_range_isim":[1974,1975,1976,1977],"containers_ssim":["box 98","folder 13"],"_nest_path_":"/components#3/components#1/components#98","_nest_parent_":"71b8a757b0f138dee122db24_aspace_560c8676b080c785e4b775fdaf904a22","_root_":"71b8a757b0f138dee122db24","_version_":1877102187519148032,"timestamp":"2026-09-23T06:15:45.471Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"71b8a757b0f138dee122db24","title_ssm":["Florida Bandmasters Association Records"],"title_tesim":["Florida Bandmasters Association Records"],"ead_ssi":"71b8a757b0f138dee122db24","unitdate_ssm":["1936-2010"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1936-2010"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS1000","/repositories/2/resources/26"],"text":["MS1000","/repositories/2/resources/26","Florida Bandmasters Association Records, 1936-2010","Florida Bandmaster Association","School bands--Florida--History","Music contests--Florida","Photographs--United States","Correspondence","Photographs","This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to\nunprocessed born digital materials.","The Florida Bandmasters Association (FBA) has guided the musical development of generations of Florida's high school students since 1936. Formed by a few visionary high school band directors from across Florida, the FBA sought to promote interest in high school bands and band contests during an era where few schools had bands but interest was growing, and to strengthen the professional standing of the state's band directors. The FBA sponsored a\nsingle State Festival for several years. In the late 1940's, the Festival became large enough that the state was divided into six geographical Districts, and District Contests were devised to serve as qualifiers for bands attending the State Contest. Since then, additional growth resulted in 10\nDistricts, then to 14, then to 15 in 1982, to 17 in 1987, and to 19 in 1995. There is still 19 districts.\nThroughout the years, the FBA has managed state- and district-level band festivals, clinics, and other events, ensuring that music remained in the public school curriculum and maintaining high musical standards for students. In 1966, the FBA completed an amicable merger with the Florida Association of Bandmasters, the equivalent organization for African-American schools\nprior to integration. The FABD had formed in 1941with Leander Kirksey as the first president. He was followed by George H. Hill (1955-1960) and James W. Wilson (1960-1966). Wilson later served as president of the FBA from 1974-1975. Early organizers and leaders of the FBA include some giants in the school band field, including first president Major Ed Chenette, P.J. Gustat, Browne Greaton Cole, and John J. Heney. For a complete list of presidents visit https://fba.flmusiced.org/about/history. FBA eventually became a component organization of the Florida Music Education Association.\nIn addition, the FBA had a relationship with the Florida High School Activities Association, from whom the FBA, and their associated events, received funding. John Joseph Heney, Sr. (1903-1978) was a percussionist, music educator, and historian. He played with numerous bands throughout his career, most notably the John Phillip Sousa Band during its final six years. In addition to playing professionally, Heney taught at numerous schools in the Florida area, including Ketterlinus High School, Stetson University, and DeLand High School, where he stayed for thirty-two years. He was a founder of the FBA and instrumental in starting the archives. For more information, please visit: http://www.pas.org/docs/defaultsource/SoundEnhancedPdfs/the-life-and-music-of-john-joseph-heney.pdf?sfvrsn=2","This collection documents the functions and activities of the Florida Bandmasters Association. Included are governance-related materials such as constitutions and bylaws, as well as informational bulletins; financial records; minutes of state, district, and committee meetings; and\ncorrespondence to and from Association leadership. Of note for genealogists are annual membership directories and membership applications from the 1940 into the 1960s that include a resume and photograph of each applicant. The collection also includes detailed records of band contests and festivals, with records pertaining to the administrative and logistical efforts as\nwell as results. Other documentary forms found in the collection are a small number of musical scores and cassette tapes of performances.","The records have been arranged in eight series, six of which have been further arranged in subseries.","Series 1: Bulletins, 1941-2010. Nine feet two inches or 22 boxes. Bulletins includes both State (1941-2010) and District (1946-1995) arranged separately and chronologically. The content of the bulletins changed slightly over the years, and may contain general information for the membership, meeting times, meeting agendas or minutes, and contest results. Some issues are missing.","Series 2: Constitutions, Bylaws, Handbooks, Manuals, \u0026 Proclamations, 1939-2010. 20 inches or 4 boxes. Arranged by year. Copies of the current constitution or by-law were often printed in an annual handbook.\nSeries 3: Contests and other events, 1936-1996. Twenty feet 5 inches or 49 boxes. Arranged in five subseries – Contests (1936-1996), Adjudication (1962-1992), Clinics (1943-1993), Music Lists (1954-1994), and Music Scores, n.d. Each subseries is arranged chronologically. Records include documents relating to events sponsored or managed by FBA, including district and state contests/festivals, the All-Star Marching Band, and All-State competitions.","Series 4: Correspondence, 1927-1994. Twelve feet, one inch or twenty-nine boxes. This series was maintained in original order (as found in 2018) which included materials by Correspondent (1927-1994), and more routine Business Correspondence by year (1948-1993). It contains a variety of letters from FBA presidents, executive secretaries, and other related people or organizations about finances, meetings, activities, events, and association history.\nSeries 5, Financial Records, 1939-2008. Two feet, eleven inches or seven boxes, arranged by year. Documents include ledgers, reports, and budgets at the state and district levels. Financial information can also be found in Bulletins and Minutes.","Series 6, Meetings, 1938-2009. Eight feet, nine inches or twenty-one boxes, arranged in four subseries and then chronologically. State and district meetings were held by officers and reflect decisions made for the group. State Minutes, 1938-1993 and District Minutes, 1945-2009 sometimes include agendas, but they typically describe the events of the meeting and may include a list of attendees, a statement of the issues considered by the participants, and related responses or decisions for the issues. The Committees, 1950-1993 minutes, arranged alphabetically by committee name are not a complete record of all committees. Some minutes were never filed with the main office. Some minutes of the committees are recorded in the bulletins. Decisions made at the business meeting attended by the general membership are found within the Summer Conventions, 1968-1993.","Series 7, Membership, 1949-2000. Three feet, ten inches or nine boxes. The Membership Applications, 1949-1985 from the earlier years often include a photograph and resume-like information. Directories, 1946-2000 are the compilation of information into a published booklet. The News includes some obituaries and newspaper clipping of some members.","Series 8, Related Materials, 1940-1974, n.d. Twenty inches, or five boxes. This last series includes materials by and about John J. Heney, Sr. Heney was a member of the Sousa Band Fraternal Society. Several boxes of materials reflect his involvement with the John Philip Sousa Band, and his interest in preserving Sousa's memory after the band leader's death. The Photographs include mostly albums of marching bands, but also of some band directors.","Permission to publish materials from the Florida Bandmasters Association Records must be obtained from the Florida Bandmasters Association. Please inquire with the College Archivist if you have questions 863-616-6487","The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections","Florida Bandmaster Association","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS1000","/repositories/2/resources/26"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1936-2010"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Florida Bandmasters Association Records, 1936-2010"],"collection_title_tesim":["Florida Bandmasters Association Records, 1936-2010"],"collection_ssim":["Florida Bandmasters Association Records, 1936-2010"],"repository_ssm":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections"],"repository_ssim":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections"],"creator_ssm":["Florida Bandmaster Association"],"creator_ssim":["Florida Bandmaster Association"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Florida Bandmaster Association"],"creators_ssim":["Florida Bandmaster Association"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish materials from the Florida Bandmasters Association Records must be obtained from the Florida Bandmasters Association. Please inquire with the College Archivist if you have questions 863-616-6487"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Beginning in 1967, John J. Heney took on the role of FBA archivist and began to assemble what records he could collect from former FBA presidents, executive director Robert Lampi, and individual bandmasters. Heney made arrangements with the University of Florida to store the records, which he delivered in several installments through 1978. In 1988, because of a connection between an FBA member and Florida Southern College, the collection was returned to the FBA and moved to FSC."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Florida Bandmaster Association","School bands--Florida--History","Music contests--Florida","Photographs--United States","Correspondence","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Florida Bandmaster Association","School bands--Florida--History","Music contests--Florida","Photographs--United States","Correspondence","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["60.5 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["60.5 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to\nunprocessed born digital materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to\nunprocessed born digital materials."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Florida Bandmasters Association (FBA) has guided the musical development of generations of Florida's high school students since 1936. Formed by a few visionary high school band directors from across Florida, the FBA sought to promote interest in high school bands and band contests during an era where few schools had bands but interest was growing, and to strengthen the professional standing of the state's band directors. The FBA sponsored a\nsingle State Festival for several years. In the late 1940's, the Festival became large enough that the state was divided into six geographical Districts, and District Contests were devised to serve as qualifiers for bands attending the State Contest. Since then, additional growth resulted in 10\nDistricts, then to 14, then to 15 in 1982, to 17 in 1987, and to 19 in 1995. There is still 19 districts.\nThroughout the years, the FBA has managed state- and district-level band festivals, clinics, and other events, ensuring that music remained in the public school curriculum and maintaining high musical standards for students. In 1966, the FBA completed an amicable merger with the Florida Association of Bandmasters, the equivalent organization for African-American schools\nprior to integration. The FABD had formed in 1941with Leander Kirksey as the first president. He was followed by George H. Hill (1955-1960) and James W. Wilson (1960-1966). Wilson later served as president of the FBA from 1974-1975. Early organizers and leaders of the FBA include some giants in the school band field, including first president Major Ed Chenette, P.J. Gustat, Browne Greaton Cole, and John J. Heney. For a complete list of presidents visit https://fba.flmusiced.org/about/history. FBA eventually became a component organization of the Florida Music Education Association.\nIn addition, the FBA had a relationship with the Florida High School Activities Association, from whom the FBA, and their associated events, received funding. John Joseph Heney, Sr. (1903-1978) was a percussionist, music educator, and historian. He played with numerous bands throughout his career, most notably the John Phillip Sousa Band during its final six years. In addition to playing professionally, Heney taught at numerous schools in the Florida area, including Ketterlinus High School, Stetson University, and DeLand High School, where he stayed for thirty-two years. He was a founder of the FBA and instrumental in starting the archives. For more information, please visit: http://www.pas.org/docs/defaultsource/SoundEnhancedPdfs/the-life-and-music-of-john-joseph-heney.pdf?sfvrsn=2\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Florida Bandmasters Association (FBA) has guided the musical development of generations of Florida's high school students since 1936. Formed by a few visionary high school band directors from across Florida, the FBA sought to promote interest in high school bands and band contests during an era where few schools had bands but interest was growing, and to strengthen the professional standing of the state's band directors. The FBA sponsored a\nsingle State Festival for several years. In the late 1940's, the Festival became large enough that the state was divided into six geographical Districts, and District Contests were devised to serve as qualifiers for bands attending the State Contest. Since then, additional growth resulted in 10\nDistricts, then to 14, then to 15 in 1982, to 17 in 1987, and to 19 in 1995. There is still 19 districts.\nThroughout the years, the FBA has managed state- and district-level band festivals, clinics, and other events, ensuring that music remained in the public school curriculum and maintaining high musical standards for students. In 1966, the FBA completed an amicable merger with the Florida Association of Bandmasters, the equivalent organization for African-American schools\nprior to integration. The FABD had formed in 1941with Leander Kirksey as the first president. He was followed by George H. Hill (1955-1960) and James W. Wilson (1960-1966). Wilson later served as president of the FBA from 1974-1975. Early organizers and leaders of the FBA include some giants in the school band field, including first president Major Ed Chenette, P.J. Gustat, Browne Greaton Cole, and John J. Heney. For a complete list of presidents visit https://fba.flmusiced.org/about/history. FBA eventually became a component organization of the Florida Music Education Association.\nIn addition, the FBA had a relationship with the Florida High School Activities Association, from whom the FBA, and their associated events, received funding. John Joseph Heney, Sr. (1903-1978) was a percussionist, music educator, and historian. He played with numerous bands throughout his career, most notably the John Phillip Sousa Band during its final six years. In addition to playing professionally, Heney taught at numerous schools in the Florida area, including Ketterlinus High School, Stetson University, and DeLand High School, where he stayed for thirty-two years. He was a founder of the FBA and instrumental in starting the archives. For more information, please visit: http://www.pas.org/docs/defaultsource/SoundEnhancedPdfs/the-life-and-music-of-john-joseph-heney.pdf?sfvrsn=2"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection documents the functions and activities of the Florida Bandmasters Association. Included are governance-related materials such as constitutions and bylaws, as well as informational bulletins; financial records; minutes of state, district, and committee meetings; and\ncorrespondence to and from Association leadership. Of note for genealogists are annual membership directories and membership applications from the 1940 into the 1960s that include a resume and photograph of each applicant. The collection also includes detailed records of band contests and festivals, with records pertaining to the administrative and logistical efforts as\nwell as results. Other documentary forms found in the collection are a small number of musical scores and cassette tapes of performances.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe records have been arranged in eight series, six of which have been further arranged in subseries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Bulletins, 1941-2010. Nine feet two inches or 22 boxes. Bulletins includes both State (1941-2010) and District (1946-1995) arranged separately and chronologically. The content of the bulletins changed slightly over the years, and may contain general information for the membership, meeting times, meeting agendas or minutes, and contest results. Some issues are missing.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Constitutions, Bylaws, Handbooks, Manuals, \u0026amp; Proclamations, 1939-2010. 20 inches or 4 boxes. Arranged by year. Copies of the current constitution or by-law were often printed in an annual handbook.\nSeries 3: Contests and other events, 1936-1996. Twenty feet 5 inches or 49 boxes. Arranged in five subseries \u0026#x2013; Contests (1936-1996), Adjudication (1962-1992), Clinics (1943-1993), Music Lists (1954-1994), and Music Scores, n.d. Each subseries is arranged chronologically. Records include documents relating to events sponsored or managed by FBA, including district and state contests/festivals, the All-Star Marching Band, and All-State competitions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Correspondence, 1927-1994. Twelve feet, one inch or twenty-nine boxes. This series was maintained in original order (as found in 2018) which included materials by Correspondent (1927-1994), and more routine Business Correspondence by year (1948-1993). It contains a variety of letters from FBA presidents, executive secretaries, and other related people or organizations about finances, meetings, activities, events, and association history.\nSeries 5, Financial Records, 1939-2008. Two feet, eleven inches or seven boxes, arranged by year. Documents include ledgers, reports, and budgets at the state and district levels. Financial information can also be found in Bulletins and Minutes.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6, Meetings, 1938-2009. Eight feet, nine inches or twenty-one boxes, arranged in four subseries and then chronologically. State and district meetings were held by officers and reflect decisions made for the group. State Minutes, 1938-1993 and District Minutes, 1945-2009 sometimes include agendas, but they typically describe the events of the meeting and may include a list of attendees, a statement of the issues considered by the participants, and related responses or decisions for the issues. The Committees, 1950-1993 minutes, arranged alphabetically by committee name are not a complete record of all committees. Some minutes were never filed with the main office. Some minutes of the committees are recorded in the bulletins. Decisions made at the business meeting attended by the general membership are found within the Summer Conventions, 1968-1993.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 7, Membership, 1949-2000. Three feet, ten inches or nine boxes. The Membership Applications, 1949-1985 from the earlier years often include a photograph and resume-like information. Directories, 1946-2000 are the compilation of information into a published booklet. The News includes some obituaries and newspaper clipping of some members.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 8, Related Materials, 1940-1974, n.d. Twenty inches, or five boxes. This last series includes materials by and about John J. Heney, Sr. Heney was a member of the Sousa Band Fraternal Society. Several boxes of materials reflect his involvement with the John Philip Sousa Band, and his interest in preserving Sousa's memory after the band leader's death. The Photographs include mostly albums of marching bands, but also of some band directors.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection documents the functions and activities of the Florida Bandmasters Association. Included are governance-related materials such as constitutions and bylaws, as well as informational bulletins; financial records; minutes of state, district, and committee meetings; and\ncorrespondence to and from Association leadership. Of note for genealogists are annual membership directories and membership applications from the 1940 into the 1960s that include a resume and photograph of each applicant. The collection also includes detailed records of band contests and festivals, with records pertaining to the administrative and logistical efforts as\nwell as results. Other documentary forms found in the collection are a small number of musical scores and cassette tapes of performances.","The records have been arranged in eight series, six of which have been further arranged in subseries.","Series 1: Bulletins, 1941-2010. Nine feet two inches or 22 boxes. Bulletins includes both State (1941-2010) and District (1946-1995) arranged separately and chronologically. The content of the bulletins changed slightly over the years, and may contain general information for the membership, meeting times, meeting agendas or minutes, and contest results. Some issues are missing.","Series 2: Constitutions, Bylaws, Handbooks, Manuals, \u0026 Proclamations, 1939-2010. 20 inches or 4 boxes. Arranged by year. Copies of the current constitution or by-law were often printed in an annual handbook.\nSeries 3: Contests and other events, 1936-1996. Twenty feet 5 inches or 49 boxes. Arranged in five subseries – Contests (1936-1996), Adjudication (1962-1992), Clinics (1943-1993), Music Lists (1954-1994), and Music Scores, n.d. Each subseries is arranged chronologically. Records include documents relating to events sponsored or managed by FBA, including district and state contests/festivals, the All-Star Marching Band, and All-State competitions.","Series 4: Correspondence, 1927-1994. Twelve feet, one inch or twenty-nine boxes. This series was maintained in original order (as found in 2018) which included materials by Correspondent (1927-1994), and more routine Business Correspondence by year (1948-1993). It contains a variety of letters from FBA presidents, executive secretaries, and other related people or organizations about finances, meetings, activities, events, and association history.\nSeries 5, Financial Records, 1939-2008. Two feet, eleven inches or seven boxes, arranged by year. Documents include ledgers, reports, and budgets at the state and district levels. Financial information can also be found in Bulletins and Minutes.","Series 6, Meetings, 1938-2009. Eight feet, nine inches or twenty-one boxes, arranged in four subseries and then chronologically. State and district meetings were held by officers and reflect decisions made for the group. State Minutes, 1938-1993 and District Minutes, 1945-2009 sometimes include agendas, but they typically describe the events of the meeting and may include a list of attendees, a statement of the issues considered by the participants, and related responses or decisions for the issues. The Committees, 1950-1993 minutes, arranged alphabetically by committee name are not a complete record of all committees. Some minutes were never filed with the main office. Some minutes of the committees are recorded in the bulletins. Decisions made at the business meeting attended by the general membership are found within the Summer Conventions, 1968-1993.","Series 7, Membership, 1949-2000. Three feet, ten inches or nine boxes. The Membership Applications, 1949-1985 from the earlier years often include a photograph and resume-like information. Directories, 1946-2000 are the compilation of information into a published booklet. The News includes some obituaries and newspaper clipping of some members.","Series 8, Related Materials, 1940-1974, n.d. Twenty inches, or five boxes. This last series includes materials by and about John J. Heney, Sr. Heney was a member of the Sousa Band Fraternal Society. Several boxes of materials reflect his involvement with the John Philip Sousa Band, and his interest in preserving Sousa's memory after the band leader's death. The Photographs include mostly albums of marching bands, but also of some band directors."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish materials from the Florida Bandmasters Association Records must be obtained from the Florida Bandmasters Association. Please inquire with the College Archivist if you have questions 863-616-6487\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish materials from the Florida Bandmasters Association Records must be obtained from the Florida Bandmasters Association. Please inquire with the College Archivist if you have questions 863-616-6487"],"names_ssim":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections","Florida Bandmaster Association"],"corpname_ssim":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections","Florida Bandmaster Association"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2839,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1877102187519148032,"_root_":"71b8a757b0f138dee122db24","timestamp":"2026-09-23T06:15:45.471Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/71b8a757b0f138dee122db24_aspace_b091138582b2da4e7e12b853fb705d94"}},{"id":"bec408ef355489ed2515918e_aspace_9247","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Civil Rights-era, 1940s-1997, Undated","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/bec408ef355489ed2515918e_aspace_9247#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eConsists of ephemera including magazines, sheet music, pamphlets, posters, and postcards. Not all of the items in this series pertain directly to the Civil Rights Movement per se; rather they are grouped together because they fall within a specific date range.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/bec408ef355489ed2515918e_aspace_9247#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_9247","ref_ssm":["aspace_9247","aspace_9247"],"id":"bec408ef355489ed2515918e_aspace_9247","title_filing_ssi":"Civil Rights-era","title_ssm":["Civil Rights-era"],"title_tesim":["Civil Rights-era"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1940s-1997, Undated"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1940s-1997, Undated"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Civil Rights-era, 1940s-1997, Undated"],"text":["Civil Rights-era, 1940s-1997, Undated","African American Legacy: The Carol Mundy collection, 1791-2003","Series 2","/repositories/4/archival_objects/24151","Consists of ephemera including magazines, sheet music, pamphlets, posters, and postcards. Not all of the items in this series pertain directly to the Civil Rights Movement per se; rather they are grouped together because they fall within a specific date range."],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ids_ssim":["bec408ef355489ed2515918e"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["African American Legacy: The Carol Mundy collection, 1791-2003"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["African American Legacy: The Carol Mundy collection, 1791-2003"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Series 2","/repositories/4/archival_objects/24151"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["African American Legacy: The Carol Mundy collection, 1791-2003"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":64,"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"sort_isi":343,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The entire collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"date_range_isim":[1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eConsists of ephemera including magazines, sheet music, pamphlets, posters, and postcards. Not all of the items in this series pertain directly to the Civil Rights Movement per se; rather they are grouped together because they fall within a specific date range.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Consists of ephemera including magazines, sheet music, pamphlets, posters, and postcards. Not all of the items in this series pertain directly to the Civil Rights Movement per se; rather they are grouped together because they fall within a specific date range."],"_nest_path_":"/components#1","_nest_parent_":"bec408ef355489ed2515918e","_root_":"bec408ef355489ed2515918e","_version_":1879192534963453952,"timestamp":"2026-10-16T08:00:56.160Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"bec408ef355489ed2515918e","title_ssm":["African American Legacy: The Carol Mundy collection"],"title_tesim":["African American Legacy: The Carol Mundy collection"],"ead_ssi":"bec408ef355489ed2515918e","unitdate_ssm":["1791-2003"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1791-2003"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC085","/repositories/4/resources/106"],"text":["SC085","/repositories/4/resources/106","African American Legacy: The Carol Mundy collection, 1791-2003","Apopka (Fla.)--History","African Americans -- History","African American photographers","African Americans -- Florida","African Americans -- Photography","Civil Rights","Civil War","photographs","The entire collection is open for research.","Carol Mundy has been an avid collector of African American memorabilia since the early 1990s when she purchased a copy of the 1901 edition of The Complete Life of William McKinley and Story of His Assassination. Included in the book was an 1880 correspondence from the U.S. army to the 10th Cavalry of \"Buffalo Soldiers.\" This discovery was the first step in a journey that would take her around the country in a quest to preserve African American culture. This quest ultimately led to the acquisition of more than 1,500 artifacts and documents that range from 1794 to 2010. Ms. Mundy also founded her own non-profit organization, African American History Education and Culture Society, and has curated a traveling exhibit entitled, \"The African American Legacy: The Carol Mundy Collection.\" Further, Ms. Mundy has partnered with the University of Central Florida's Department of African American Studies to found the \"Carol E. Mundy African American Cultural and Diasporic Research Center\" using artifacts from the collection. According to their website, \"The Center will be fostered through research, dissemination of historical information and social traditions, educational programs, exhibits, conferences and related activities.\"","Processed by John Venecek, Sandra Varry, and Erica England; finding aid created by Nadeen Kiwan. Additional materials added to the collection by Antonice L. Morin in 2021.","A small book collection accompanies this collection and may be accessed by performing a series search for the \"Carol Mundy Library\" in the  Online Catalog .","This collection consists of over 1,500 items related to the African American experience in the following formats: monographs, manuscripts, sheet music, pamphlets, journals, newspapers, broadsides, posters, photographs, and rare ephemera. These materials are divided into six topical series:","\nSeries I: Apopka Documents, 1892-1950, consists mostly of the personal papers of local businessmen, George Oden (1862-1939) and Michael Gladden, executor of Oden's estate. Also significant are a number of documents from Ella Wall, an Apopka resident who was the inspiration for a character in Zora Neale Hurston's Mules and Men. Mrs. Wall ran an Orange Grove, and was a close friend and confidant of Michael Gladden, Jr. until her death. Materials in this series largely consist of purchase receipts, tax forms, and other legal documents.","\nSeries II: Civil Rights-era, 1950-1997, consists of ephemera including magazines, sheet music, pamphlets, posters, and post cards. Not all the items in this series pertain directly to the Civil Rights Movement per se; rather they are grouped together because they fall within a specific date range.","\nSeries III: Dolls, circa 1930-1949, includes hand-made Caribbean island dolls, puppets and marionettes originating from the Caribbean.","\nSeries IV: Early America \u0026 Civil War-era, 1794-1892, contains the oldest materials in the collection that bookend the Civil War. Materials include magazines, newspapers, pamphlets, photographs and illustrations. Of particular interest is an original Buffalo Soldier muster roll signed by Colonel Abner Doubleday, discharge papers from 1874, and an authentic slave bill of sale.","\nSeries V: An oversized 19th century bible, 1857-1890, in a protective cloth clamshell and 11 black and white photographs that were originally stored inside the bible. The photographs vary both in subject and format, but do include several tintypes as well as portraits taken by notable African American photographer, James Presley (J.P.) Ball.","\nSeries VI: Photographs, 1860s - 1960s, includes a large collection of photographs that range from the 1860s - the 1960s. The \"assorted\" photographs in this collection are arranged chronologically, but there are several thematic sub-series as well. Those subseries include Bishop College, Civil Rights Movement, Civil Rights-era, South Dakota, and William T. Vernon photographs.","\nSeries VII: Visual Material, 1800s - 1969, consists of advertisements, postcards, product packaging, illustrations from magazines and newspapers, and other assorted \"visual\" ephemera. Much of the material in this series is considered racist or \"derogatory.\"","\nSeries VIII: Miscellaneous, 1880s - 1989, contains a small collection of materials that didn't fit into one of the other series. These materials include booklets, documents, pamphlets, and objects such as pins and medallions.","Series IX: Additional Materials, 1791 - 1990, consists of audio and visual items. In this series there are letters with envelopes and telegraphs. Letters delivered were most commonly with the family members of Blanche Kalfus and James Brasswell. There are official government documents and business documents consisting of receipts, deeds, contracts, notary public certificates, and justice of the peace certificates. This series also includes postcards, greeting, birthday and holiday cards, and invitations. There is memorabilia such as military buttons, pins, and patches, and a Civil War Veterans Metal. The photographs in this series consist of African American men, women, and children along with stereographs consisting of places and group photos. There are many different newsclippings, articles, programs, and advertisements.","Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","Collector, Ms. Carol Mundy amassed this collection of monographs, manuscripts, sheet music, pamphlets, journals, newspapers, broadsides, posters, photographs, and rare ephemera focusing on the African American history. While the collection is comprehensive both nationally and internationally, it also contains materials that pertain to the African American experience in central Florida.","UCF Special Collections","Mundy, Carol","Ball, James Presley, 1825-1904","Willis, Deborah, 1948-","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC085","/repositories/4/resources/106"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1791-2003"],"normalized_title_ssm":["African American Legacy: The Carol Mundy collection, 1791-2003"],"collection_title_tesim":["African American Legacy: The Carol Mundy collection, 1791-2003"],"collection_ssim":["African American Legacy: The Carol Mundy collection, 1791-2003"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Apopka (Fla.)--History"],"geogname_ssim":["Apopka (Fla.)--History"],"creator_ssm":["Mundy, Carol"],"creator_ssim":["Mundy, Carol"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Mundy, Carol"],"creators_ssim":["Mundy, Carol"],"places_ssim":["Apopka (Fla.)--History"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Most of these materials were purchased by the University of Central Florida Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives from Carol Mundy in 2009 (CFM2009_02). Additional materials were donated in 2010/2012 (CFM2012_02) and 2019 (CFM2019_01)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","African American photographers","African Americans -- Florida","African Americans -- Photography","Civil Rights","Civil War","photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","African American photographers","African Americans -- Florida","African Americans -- Photography","Civil Rights","Civil War","photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["26 Linear Feet 36 boxes and 73 flat files"],"extent_tesim":["26 Linear Feet 36 boxes and 73 flat files"],"genreform_ssim":["photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCarol Mundy has been an avid collector of African American memorabilia since the early 1990s when she purchased a copy of the 1901 edition of The Complete Life of William McKinley and Story of His Assassination. Included in the book was an 1880 correspondence from the U.S. army to the 10th Cavalry of \"Buffalo Soldiers.\" This discovery was the first step in a journey that would take her around the country in a quest to preserve African American culture. This quest ultimately led to the acquisition of more than 1,500 artifacts and documents that range from 1794 to 2010. Ms. Mundy also founded her own non-profit organization, African American History Education and Culture Society, and has curated a traveling exhibit entitled, \"The African American Legacy: The Carol Mundy Collection.\" Further, Ms. Mundy has partnered with the University of Central Florida's Department of African American Studies to found the \"Carol E. Mundy African American Cultural and Diasporic Research Center\" using artifacts from the collection. According to their website, \"The Center will be fostered through research, dissemination of historical information and social traditions, educational programs, exhibits, conferences and related activities.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Carol Mundy has been an avid collector of African American memorabilia since the early 1990s when she purchased a copy of the 1901 edition of The Complete Life of William McKinley and Story of His Assassination. Included in the book was an 1880 correspondence from the U.S. army to the 10th Cavalry of \"Buffalo Soldiers.\" This discovery was the first step in a journey that would take her around the country in a quest to preserve African American culture. This quest ultimately led to the acquisition of more than 1,500 artifacts and documents that range from 1794 to 2010. Ms. Mundy also founded her own non-profit organization, African American History Education and Culture Society, and has curated a traveling exhibit entitled, \"The African American Legacy: The Carol Mundy Collection.\" Further, Ms. Mundy has partnered with the University of Central Florida's Department of African American Studies to found the \"Carol E. Mundy African American Cultural and Diasporic Research Center\" using artifacts from the collection. According to their website, \"The Center will be fostered through research, dissemination of historical information and social traditions, educational programs, exhibits, conferences and related activities.\""],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAfrican American Legacy: The Carol Mundy Collection, 1794-2010, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["African American Legacy: The Carol Mundy Collection, 1794-2010, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by John Venecek, Sandra Varry, and Erica England; finding aid created by Nadeen Kiwan. Additional materials added to the collection by Antonice L. Morin in 2021.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by John Venecek, Sandra Varry, and Erica England; finding aid created by Nadeen Kiwan. Additional materials added to the collection by Antonice L. Morin in 2021."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA small book collection accompanies this collection and may be accessed by performing a series search for the \"Carol Mundy Library\" in the \u003cextref href=\"https://library.ucf.edu\"\u003eOnline Catalog\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["A small book collection accompanies this collection and may be accessed by performing a series search for the \"Carol Mundy Library\" in the  Online Catalog ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of over 1,500 items related to the African American experience in the following formats: monographs, manuscripts, sheet music, pamphlets, journals, newspapers, broadsides, posters, photographs, and rare ephemera. These materials are divided into six topical series:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries I: Apopka Documents, 1892-1950, consists mostly of the personal papers of local businessmen, George Oden (1862-1939) and Michael Gladden, executor of Oden's estate. Also significant are a number of documents from Ella Wall, an Apopka resident who was the inspiration for a character in Zora Neale Hurston's Mules and Men. Mrs. Wall ran an Orange Grove, and was a close friend and confidant of Michael Gladden, Jr. until her death. Materials in this series largely consist of purchase receipts, tax forms, and other legal documents.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries II: Civil Rights-era, 1950-1997, consists of ephemera including magazines, sheet music, pamphlets, posters, and post cards. Not all the items in this series pertain directly to the Civil Rights Movement per se; rather they are grouped together because they fall within a specific date range.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries III: Dolls, circa 1930-1949, includes hand-made Caribbean island dolls, puppets and marionettes originating from the Caribbean.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries IV: Early America \u0026amp; Civil War-era, 1794-1892, contains the oldest materials in the collection that bookend the Civil War. Materials include magazines, newspapers, pamphlets, photographs and illustrations. Of particular interest is an original Buffalo Soldier muster roll signed by Colonel Abner Doubleday, discharge papers from 1874, and an authentic slave bill of sale.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries V: An oversized 19th century bible, 1857-1890, in a protective cloth clamshell and 11 black and white photographs that were originally stored inside the bible. The photographs vary both in subject and format, but do include several tintypes as well as portraits taken by notable African American photographer, James Presley (J.P.) Ball.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VI: Photographs, 1860s - 1960s, includes a large collection of photographs that range from the 1860s - the 1960s. The \"assorted\" photographs in this collection are arranged chronologically, but there are several thematic sub-series as well. Those subseries include Bishop College, Civil Rights Movement, Civil Rights-era, South Dakota, and William T. Vernon photographs.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VII: Visual Material, 1800s - 1969, consists of advertisements, postcards, product packaging, illustrations from magazines and newspapers, and other assorted \"visual\" ephemera. Much of the material in this series is considered racist or \"derogatory.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VIII: Miscellaneous, 1880s - 1989, contains a small collection of materials that didn't fit into one of the other series. These materials include booklets, documents, pamphlets, and objects such as pins and medallions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries IX: Additional Materials, 1791 - 1990, consists of audio and visual items. In this series there are letters with envelopes and telegraphs. Letters delivered were most commonly with the family members of Blanche Kalfus and James Brasswell. There are official government documents and business documents consisting of receipts, deeds, contracts, notary public certificates, and justice of the peace certificates. This series also includes postcards, greeting, birthday and holiday cards, and invitations. There is memorabilia such as military buttons, pins, and patches, and a Civil War Veterans Metal. The photographs in this series consist of African American men, women, and children along with stereographs consisting of places and group photos. There are many different newsclippings, articles, programs, and advertisements.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of over 1,500 items related to the African American experience in the following formats: monographs, manuscripts, sheet music, pamphlets, journals, newspapers, broadsides, posters, photographs, and rare ephemera. These materials are divided into six topical series:","\nSeries I: Apopka Documents, 1892-1950, consists mostly of the personal papers of local businessmen, George Oden (1862-1939) and Michael Gladden, executor of Oden's estate. Also significant are a number of documents from Ella Wall, an Apopka resident who was the inspiration for a character in Zora Neale Hurston's Mules and Men. Mrs. Wall ran an Orange Grove, and was a close friend and confidant of Michael Gladden, Jr. until her death. Materials in this series largely consist of purchase receipts, tax forms, and other legal documents.","\nSeries II: Civil Rights-era, 1950-1997, consists of ephemera including magazines, sheet music, pamphlets, posters, and post cards. Not all the items in this series pertain directly to the Civil Rights Movement per se; rather they are grouped together because they fall within a specific date range.","\nSeries III: Dolls, circa 1930-1949, includes hand-made Caribbean island dolls, puppets and marionettes originating from the Caribbean.","\nSeries IV: Early America \u0026 Civil War-era, 1794-1892, contains the oldest materials in the collection that bookend the Civil War. Materials include magazines, newspapers, pamphlets, photographs and illustrations. Of particular interest is an original Buffalo Soldier muster roll signed by Colonel Abner Doubleday, discharge papers from 1874, and an authentic slave bill of sale.","\nSeries V: An oversized 19th century bible, 1857-1890, in a protective cloth clamshell and 11 black and white photographs that were originally stored inside the bible. The photographs vary both in subject and format, but do include several tintypes as well as portraits taken by notable African American photographer, James Presley (J.P.) Ball.","\nSeries VI: Photographs, 1860s - 1960s, includes a large collection of photographs that range from the 1860s - the 1960s. The \"assorted\" photographs in this collection are arranged chronologically, but there are several thematic sub-series as well. Those subseries include Bishop College, Civil Rights Movement, Civil Rights-era, South Dakota, and William T. Vernon photographs.","\nSeries VII: Visual Material, 1800s - 1969, consists of advertisements, postcards, product packaging, illustrations from magazines and newspapers, and other assorted \"visual\" ephemera. Much of the material in this series is considered racist or \"derogatory.\"","\nSeries VIII: Miscellaneous, 1880s - 1989, contains a small collection of materials that didn't fit into one of the other series. These materials include booklets, documents, pamphlets, and objects such as pins and medallions.","Series IX: Additional Materials, 1791 - 1990, consists of audio and visual items. In this series there are letters with envelopes and telegraphs. Letters delivered were most commonly with the family members of Blanche Kalfus and James Brasswell. There are official government documents and business documents consisting of receipts, deeds, contracts, notary public certificates, and justice of the peace certificates. This series also includes postcards, greeting, birthday and holiday cards, and invitations. There is memorabilia such as military buttons, pins, and patches, and a Civil War Veterans Metal. The photographs in this series consist of African American men, women, and children along with stereographs consisting of places and group photos. There are many different newsclippings, articles, programs, and advertisements."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_4cf0eb7fc38bbc5bdebff00649325802\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eCollector, Ms. Carol Mundy amassed this collection of monographs, manuscripts, sheet music, pamphlets, journals, newspapers, broadsides, posters, photographs, and rare ephemera focusing on the African American history. While the collection is comprehensive both nationally and internationally, it also contains materials that pertain to the African American experience in central Florida.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Collector, Ms. Carol Mundy amassed this collection of monographs, manuscripts, sheet music, pamphlets, journals, newspapers, broadsides, posters, photographs, and rare ephemera focusing on the African American history. While the collection is comprehensive both nationally and internationally, it also contains materials that pertain to the African American experience in central Florida."],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Mundy, Carol","Ball, James Presley, 1825-1904","Willis, Deborah, 1948-"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"names_coll_ssim":["Ball, James Presley, 1825-1904","Willis, Deborah, 1948-"],"persname_ssim":["Mundy, Carol","Ball, James Presley, 1825-1904","Willis, Deborah, 1948-"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1675,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1879192534963453952,"_root_":"bec408ef355489ed2515918e","timestamp":"2026-10-16T08:00:56.160Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/bec408ef355489ed2515918e_aspace_9247"}},{"id":"4ecda0709189a1ef8ee3f62e","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Civil Rights Papers of Cody Fowler and Steven Lawson, 1888-1974, bulk 1960-1974","creator":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/4ecda0709189a1ef8ee3f62e#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["Fowler, Cody, 1892-1978"],"label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/4ecda0709189a1ef8ee3f62e#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["This collection contains materials separately created and collected by Cody Fowler and Steven Lawson. The materials have been combined into a single collection, and overlapping materials primarily document the civil rights of African American residents of Hillsborough County, FL. ***Note: Contact Special Collections regarding availability: spcinfo@usf.edu***"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/4ecda0709189a1ef8ee3f62e#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"4ecda0709189a1ef8ee3f62e","title_filing_ssi":"Civil Rights Papers of Cody Fowler and Steven Lawson","title_ssm":["Civil Rights Papers of Cody Fowler and Steven Lawson"],"title_tesim":["Civil Rights Papers of Cody Fowler and Steven Lawson"],"ead_ssi":"4ecda0709189a1ef8ee3f62e","unitdate_ssm":["1888-1974","1960-1974"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1960-1974"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1888-1974"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["F26","/repositories/2/resources/573"],"text":["F26","/repositories/2/resources/573","Civil Rights Papers of Cody Fowler and Steven Lawson, 1888-1974, bulk 1960-1974","Tampa (Fla.) -- Race relations.","African Americans -- Civil rights -- Florida -- Tampa -- History","Arranged by series.","Born in Arlington, Tennessee, Cody Fowler arrived in Tampa, Florida in 1924 as a young lawyer eager to make a difference. Though work initially brought him to the city, his family also provided an incentive. His mother, Maud Fowler, was heavily involved in the development of Temple Terrace, serving as the city's mayor in 1926. Cody Fowler drafted the city's charter, served as its first attorney, and also served a term as mayor in 1928 – his only elected office. Fowler made a name for himself early in his career when he defended African American clients in Tampa's courts – something few other white lawyers were willing to do. Fowler worked in a number of law firms throughout the 1920s and '30s before joining with Morris White to form the Fowler and White firm. He rose through the ranks of leadership within local and regional bar associations, and in 1950, he was elected president of the American Bar Association – the first Tampa lawyer to attain that position. The following year, Tampa's Civitan Club named him as their Citizen of the Year, which is among the most prestigious honors awarded in Tampa. During the 1950s, Fowler was instrumental in eliminating the graft, corruption, and organized crime influence that had permeated Tampa's political system for generations. In 1959, Fowler was appointed chairman of both Florida's and Tampa's Bi-Racial Commissions. His calm approach to problems and his belief that integration was necessary for society to move forward, not to mention the potential economic benefits for the city, drove him to help solve the city's and state's race problems. His leadership, along with African American leaders, such as the Reverend A. Leon Lowry, helped guide the peaceful integration of Tampa's lunch counters in 1960. In a speech he gave to the Rotary Club of Tampa in July 1963, Fowler explained that \"economic upgrading,\" in the form of broader hiring practices among Tampa's businesses, was the core of solving local race relations issues. This cause would eventually be taken up by Tampa's Bi-Racial Committee. ","Fowler died at the age of 85, and at the time was still senior partner of the law firm he co-founded thirty-five years earlier. Newspapers across the state celebrated the life of the genteel southerner who did not hesitate to speak out against what he felt were unfair and illegal laws and traditions that plagued both the country and his adopted home.","Steven F. Lawson, former professor of History at the University of South Florida (1972-1992), compiled these materials as part of his research on the Civil Rights Movement and race relations in Tampa during the 1960s. The results of his research were published as \"From Sit-in to Race Riot: Businessmen, Blacks, and the Pursuit of Moderation in Tampa, 1960-1967,\" in  Southern Businessmen and Desegregation , 1982. ","Subsequent to their respective donations, the papers of Steven Lawson and Cody Fowler, which are closely related in subject, were merged into a single collection. Years later, rather than attempt to extricate one collection from the other, Dr. Lawson and archivist Andrew Huse agreed to change the collection's name and amend its documentation.","Selected information in Biog/Hist Note prepared by the Historical Monument Trail Selection Committee, Friends of the Riverwalk.","Progress Village records, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.","Many of the documents in this collection provide insight into Cody Fowler's role in Tampa's desegregation. A large portion of the documents are correspondences between committee members of the Tampa Bi-Racial Committee, the Commission of Community Relations, and community officials. The collection also contains a large number of reports on African Americans, their lack of employment opportunities, and educational concerns.","None.  The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information.","This collection contains materials separately created and collected by Cody Fowler and Steven Lawson. The materials have been combined into a single collection, and overlapping materials primarily document the civil rights of African American residents of Hillsborough County, FL.  \n\n***Note: Contact Special Collections regarding availability: spcinfo@usf.edu***","USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Fowler, Cody, 1892-1978","Lawson, Steven F. (1945-)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["F26","/repositories/2/resources/573"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1888-1974, bulk 1960-1974"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Civil Rights Papers of Cody Fowler and Steven Lawson, 1888-1974, bulk 1960-1974"],"collection_title_tesim":["Civil Rights Papers of Cody Fowler and Steven Lawson, 1888-1974, bulk 1960-1974"],"collection_ssim":["Civil Rights Papers of Cody Fowler and Steven Lawson, 1888-1974, bulk 1960-1974"],"repository_ssm":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Tampa (Fla.) -- Race relations."],"geogname_ssim":["Tampa (Fla.) -- Race relations."],"creator_ssm":["Fowler, Cody, 1892-1978","Lawson, Steven F. (1945-)"],"creator_ssim":["Fowler, Cody, 1892-1978","Lawson, Steven F. (1945-)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Fowler, Cody, 1892-1978","Lawson, Steven F. (1945-)"],"creators_ssim":["Fowler, Cody, 1892-1978","Lawson, Steven F. (1945-)"],"places_ssim":["Tampa (Fla.) -- Race relations."],"access_terms_ssm":["None.  The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Steven Lawson","Cody Fowler","Donated in conjunction with the Progress Village records."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- Civil rights -- Florida -- Tampa -- History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- Civil rights -- Florida -- Tampa -- History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4.59 Linear Feet","10 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["4.59 Linear Feet","10 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged by series.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged by series."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBorn in Arlington, Tennessee, Cody Fowler arrived in Tampa, Florida in 1924 as a young lawyer eager to make a difference. Though work initially brought him to the city, his family also provided an incentive. His mother, Maud Fowler, was heavily involved in the development of Temple Terrace, serving as the city's mayor in 1926. Cody Fowler drafted the city's charter, served as its first attorney, and also served a term as mayor in 1928 \u0026#x2013; his only elected office. Fowler made a name for himself early in his career when he defended African American clients in Tampa's courts \u0026#x2013; something few other white lawyers were willing to do. Fowler worked in a number of law firms throughout the 1920s and '30s before joining with Morris White to form the Fowler and White firm. He rose through the ranks of leadership within local and regional bar associations, and in 1950, he was elected president of the American Bar Association \u0026#x2013; the first Tampa lawyer to attain that position. The following year, Tampa's Civitan Club named him as their Citizen of the Year, which is among the most prestigious honors awarded in Tampa. During the 1950s, Fowler was instrumental in eliminating the graft, corruption, and organized crime influence that had permeated Tampa's political system for generations. In 1959, Fowler was appointed chairman of both Florida's and Tampa's Bi-Racial Commissions. His calm approach to problems and his belief that integration was necessary for society to move forward, not to mention the potential economic benefits for the city, drove him to help solve the city's and state's race problems. His leadership, along with African American leaders, such as the Reverend A. Leon Lowry, helped guide the peaceful integration of Tampa's lunch counters in 1960. In a speech he gave to the Rotary Club of Tampa in July 1963, Fowler explained that \"economic upgrading,\" in the form of broader hiring practices among Tampa's businesses, was the core of solving local race relations issues. This cause would eventually be taken up by Tampa's Bi-Racial Committee. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFowler died at the age of 85, and at the time was still senior partner of the law firm he co-founded thirty-five years earlier. Newspapers across the state celebrated the life of the genteel southerner who did not hesitate to speak out against what he felt were unfair and illegal laws and traditions that plagued both the country and his adopted home.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSteven F. Lawson, former professor of History at the University of South Florida (1972-1992), compiled these materials as part of his research on the Civil Rights Movement and race relations in Tampa during the 1960s. The results of his research were published as \"From Sit-in to Race Riot: Businessmen, Blacks, and the Pursuit of Moderation in Tampa, 1960-1967,\" in \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSouthern Businessmen and Desegregation\u003c/emph\u003e, 1982. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubsequent to their respective donations, the papers of Steven Lawson and Cody Fowler, which are closely related in subject, were merged into a single collection. Years later, rather than attempt to extricate one collection from the other, Dr. Lawson and archivist Andrew Huse agreed to change the collection's name and amend its documentation.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSelected information in Biog/Hist Note prepared by the Historical Monument Trail Selection Committee,\u0026#xA0;Friends of the Riverwalk.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Born in Arlington, Tennessee, Cody Fowler arrived in Tampa, Florida in 1924 as a young lawyer eager to make a difference. Though work initially brought him to the city, his family also provided an incentive. His mother, Maud Fowler, was heavily involved in the development of Temple Terrace, serving as the city's mayor in 1926. Cody Fowler drafted the city's charter, served as its first attorney, and also served a term as mayor in 1928 – his only elected office. Fowler made a name for himself early in his career when he defended African American clients in Tampa's courts – something few other white lawyers were willing to do. Fowler worked in a number of law firms throughout the 1920s and '30s before joining with Morris White to form the Fowler and White firm. He rose through the ranks of leadership within local and regional bar associations, and in 1950, he was elected president of the American Bar Association – the first Tampa lawyer to attain that position. The following year, Tampa's Civitan Club named him as their Citizen of the Year, which is among the most prestigious honors awarded in Tampa. During the 1950s, Fowler was instrumental in eliminating the graft, corruption, and organized crime influence that had permeated Tampa's political system for generations. In 1959, Fowler was appointed chairman of both Florida's and Tampa's Bi-Racial Commissions. His calm approach to problems and his belief that integration was necessary for society to move forward, not to mention the potential economic benefits for the city, drove him to help solve the city's and state's race problems. His leadership, along with African American leaders, such as the Reverend A. Leon Lowry, helped guide the peaceful integration of Tampa's lunch counters in 1960. In a speech he gave to the Rotary Club of Tampa in July 1963, Fowler explained that \"economic upgrading,\" in the form of broader hiring practices among Tampa's businesses, was the core of solving local race relations issues. This cause would eventually be taken up by Tampa's Bi-Racial Committee. ","Fowler died at the age of 85, and at the time was still senior partner of the law firm he co-founded thirty-five years earlier. Newspapers across the state celebrated the life of the genteel southerner who did not hesitate to speak out against what he felt were unfair and illegal laws and traditions that plagued both the country and his adopted home.","Steven F. Lawson, former professor of History at the University of South Florida (1972-1992), compiled these materials as part of his research on the Civil Rights Movement and race relations in Tampa during the 1960s. The results of his research were published as \"From Sit-in to Race Riot: Businessmen, Blacks, and the Pursuit of Moderation in Tampa, 1960-1967,\" in  Southern Businessmen and Desegregation , 1982. ","Subsequent to their respective donations, the papers of Steven Lawson and Cody Fowler, which are closely related in subject, were merged into a single collection. Years later, rather than attempt to extricate one collection from the other, Dr. Lawson and archivist Andrew Huse agreed to change the collection's name and amend its documentation.","Selected information in Biog/Hist Note prepared by the Historical Monument Trail Selection Committee, Friends of the Riverwalk."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe civil rights papers of Cody Fowler and Steven Lawson, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["The civil rights papers of Cody Fowler and Steven Lawson, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProgress Village records, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Progress Village records, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMany of the documents in this collection provide insight into Cody Fowler's role in Tampa's desegregation. A large portion of the documents are correspondences between committee members of the Tampa Bi-Racial Committee, the Commission of Community Relations, and community officials. The collection also contains a large number of reports on African Americans, their lack of employment opportunities, and educational concerns.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Many of the documents in this collection provide insight into Cody Fowler's role in Tampa's desegregation. A large portion of the documents are correspondences between committee members of the Tampa Bi-Racial Committee, the Commission of Community Relations, and community officials. The collection also contains a large number of reports on African Americans, their lack of employment opportunities, and educational concerns."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone.\u0026#xA0; The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright.\u0026#xA0; Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["None.  The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_3abe5c2d17e88edd0120ab3bf0662503\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains materials separately created and collected by Cody Fowler and Steven Lawson. The materials have been combined into a single collection, and overlapping materials primarily document the civil rights of African American residents of Hillsborough County, FL.  \n\n***Note: Contact Special Collections regarding availability: spcinfo@usf.edu***\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains materials separately created and collected by Cody Fowler and Steven Lawson. The materials have been combined into a single collection, and overlapping materials primarily document the civil rights of African American residents of Hillsborough County, FL.  \n\n***Note: Contact Special Collections regarding availability: spcinfo@usf.edu***"],"names_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Fowler, Cody, 1892-1978","Lawson, Steven F. (1945-)"],"corpname_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Fowler, Cody, 1892-1978","Lawson, Steven F. (1945-)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":96,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"4ecda0709189a1ef8ee3f62e","timestamp":"2026-05-27T03:16:31.366Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"4ecda0709189a1ef8ee3f62e","title_filing_ssi":"Civil Rights Papers of Cody Fowler and Steven Lawson","title_ssm":["Civil Rights Papers of Cody Fowler and Steven Lawson"],"title_tesim":["Civil Rights Papers of Cody Fowler and Steven Lawson"],"ead_ssi":"4ecda0709189a1ef8ee3f62e","unitdate_ssm":["1888-1974","1960-1974"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1960-1974"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1888-1974"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["F26","/repositories/2/resources/573"],"text":["F26","/repositories/2/resources/573","Civil Rights Papers of Cody Fowler and Steven Lawson, 1888-1974, bulk 1960-1974","Tampa (Fla.) -- Race relations.","African Americans -- Civil rights -- Florida -- Tampa -- History","Arranged by series.","Born in Arlington, Tennessee, Cody Fowler arrived in Tampa, Florida in 1924 as a young lawyer eager to make a difference. Though work initially brought him to the city, his family also provided an incentive. His mother, Maud Fowler, was heavily involved in the development of Temple Terrace, serving as the city's mayor in 1926. Cody Fowler drafted the city's charter, served as its first attorney, and also served a term as mayor in 1928 – his only elected office. Fowler made a name for himself early in his career when he defended African American clients in Tampa's courts – something few other white lawyers were willing to do. Fowler worked in a number of law firms throughout the 1920s and '30s before joining with Morris White to form the Fowler and White firm. He rose through the ranks of leadership within local and regional bar associations, and in 1950, he was elected president of the American Bar Association – the first Tampa lawyer to attain that position. The following year, Tampa's Civitan Club named him as their Citizen of the Year, which is among the most prestigious honors awarded in Tampa. During the 1950s, Fowler was instrumental in eliminating the graft, corruption, and organized crime influence that had permeated Tampa's political system for generations. In 1959, Fowler was appointed chairman of both Florida's and Tampa's Bi-Racial Commissions. His calm approach to problems and his belief that integration was necessary for society to move forward, not to mention the potential economic benefits for the city, drove him to help solve the city's and state's race problems. His leadership, along with African American leaders, such as the Reverend A. Leon Lowry, helped guide the peaceful integration of Tampa's lunch counters in 1960. In a speech he gave to the Rotary Club of Tampa in July 1963, Fowler explained that \"economic upgrading,\" in the form of broader hiring practices among Tampa's businesses, was the core of solving local race relations issues. This cause would eventually be taken up by Tampa's Bi-Racial Committee. ","Fowler died at the age of 85, and at the time was still senior partner of the law firm he co-founded thirty-five years earlier. Newspapers across the state celebrated the life of the genteel southerner who did not hesitate to speak out against what he felt were unfair and illegal laws and traditions that plagued both the country and his adopted home.","Steven F. Lawson, former professor of History at the University of South Florida (1972-1992), compiled these materials as part of his research on the Civil Rights Movement and race relations in Tampa during the 1960s. The results of his research were published as \"From Sit-in to Race Riot: Businessmen, Blacks, and the Pursuit of Moderation in Tampa, 1960-1967,\" in  Southern Businessmen and Desegregation , 1982. ","Subsequent to their respective donations, the papers of Steven Lawson and Cody Fowler, which are closely related in subject, were merged into a single collection. Years later, rather than attempt to extricate one collection from the other, Dr. Lawson and archivist Andrew Huse agreed to change the collection's name and amend its documentation.","Selected information in Biog/Hist Note prepared by the Historical Monument Trail Selection Committee, Friends of the Riverwalk.","Progress Village records, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.","Many of the documents in this collection provide insight into Cody Fowler's role in Tampa's desegregation. A large portion of the documents are correspondences between committee members of the Tampa Bi-Racial Committee, the Commission of Community Relations, and community officials. The collection also contains a large number of reports on African Americans, their lack of employment opportunities, and educational concerns.","None.  The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information.","This collection contains materials separately created and collected by Cody Fowler and Steven Lawson. The materials have been combined into a single collection, and overlapping materials primarily document the civil rights of African American residents of Hillsborough County, FL.  \n\n***Note: Contact Special Collections regarding availability: spcinfo@usf.edu***","USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Fowler, Cody, 1892-1978","Lawson, Steven F. (1945-)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["F26","/repositories/2/resources/573"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1888-1974, bulk 1960-1974"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Civil Rights Papers of Cody Fowler and Steven Lawson, 1888-1974, bulk 1960-1974"],"collection_title_tesim":["Civil Rights Papers of Cody Fowler and Steven Lawson, 1888-1974, bulk 1960-1974"],"collection_ssim":["Civil Rights Papers of Cody Fowler and Steven Lawson, 1888-1974, bulk 1960-1974"],"repository_ssm":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Tampa (Fla.) -- Race relations."],"geogname_ssim":["Tampa (Fla.) -- Race relations."],"creator_ssm":["Fowler, Cody, 1892-1978","Lawson, Steven F. (1945-)"],"creator_ssim":["Fowler, Cody, 1892-1978","Lawson, Steven F. (1945-)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Fowler, Cody, 1892-1978","Lawson, Steven F. (1945-)"],"creators_ssim":["Fowler, Cody, 1892-1978","Lawson, Steven F. (1945-)"],"places_ssim":["Tampa (Fla.) -- Race relations."],"access_terms_ssm":["None.  The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Steven Lawson","Cody Fowler","Donated in conjunction with the Progress Village records."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- Civil rights -- Florida -- Tampa -- History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- Civil rights -- Florida -- Tampa -- History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4.59 Linear Feet","10 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["4.59 Linear Feet","10 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged by series.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged by series."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBorn in Arlington, Tennessee, Cody Fowler arrived in Tampa, Florida in 1924 as a young lawyer eager to make a difference. Though work initially brought him to the city, his family also provided an incentive. His mother, Maud Fowler, was heavily involved in the development of Temple Terrace, serving as the city's mayor in 1926. Cody Fowler drafted the city's charter, served as its first attorney, and also served a term as mayor in 1928 \u0026#x2013; his only elected office. Fowler made a name for himself early in his career when he defended African American clients in Tampa's courts \u0026#x2013; something few other white lawyers were willing to do. Fowler worked in a number of law firms throughout the 1920s and '30s before joining with Morris White to form the Fowler and White firm. He rose through the ranks of leadership within local and regional bar associations, and in 1950, he was elected president of the American Bar Association \u0026#x2013; the first Tampa lawyer to attain that position. The following year, Tampa's Civitan Club named him as their Citizen of the Year, which is among the most prestigious honors awarded in Tampa. During the 1950s, Fowler was instrumental in eliminating the graft, corruption, and organized crime influence that had permeated Tampa's political system for generations. In 1959, Fowler was appointed chairman of both Florida's and Tampa's Bi-Racial Commissions. His calm approach to problems and his belief that integration was necessary for society to move forward, not to mention the potential economic benefits for the city, drove him to help solve the city's and state's race problems. His leadership, along with African American leaders, such as the Reverend A. Leon Lowry, helped guide the peaceful integration of Tampa's lunch counters in 1960. In a speech he gave to the Rotary Club of Tampa in July 1963, Fowler explained that \"economic upgrading,\" in the form of broader hiring practices among Tampa's businesses, was the core of solving local race relations issues. This cause would eventually be taken up by Tampa's Bi-Racial Committee. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFowler died at the age of 85, and at the time was still senior partner of the law firm he co-founded thirty-five years earlier. Newspapers across the state celebrated the life of the genteel southerner who did not hesitate to speak out against what he felt were unfair and illegal laws and traditions that plagued both the country and his adopted home.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSteven F. Lawson, former professor of History at the University of South Florida (1972-1992), compiled these materials as part of his research on the Civil Rights Movement and race relations in Tampa during the 1960s. The results of his research were published as \"From Sit-in to Race Riot: Businessmen, Blacks, and the Pursuit of Moderation in Tampa, 1960-1967,\" in \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSouthern Businessmen and Desegregation\u003c/emph\u003e, 1982. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubsequent to their respective donations, the papers of Steven Lawson and Cody Fowler, which are closely related in subject, were merged into a single collection. Years later, rather than attempt to extricate one collection from the other, Dr. Lawson and archivist Andrew Huse agreed to change the collection's name and amend its documentation.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSelected information in Biog/Hist Note prepared by the Historical Monument Trail Selection Committee,\u0026#xA0;Friends of the Riverwalk.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Born in Arlington, Tennessee, Cody Fowler arrived in Tampa, Florida in 1924 as a young lawyer eager to make a difference. Though work initially brought him to the city, his family also provided an incentive. His mother, Maud Fowler, was heavily involved in the development of Temple Terrace, serving as the city's mayor in 1926. Cody Fowler drafted the city's charter, served as its first attorney, and also served a term as mayor in 1928 – his only elected office. Fowler made a name for himself early in his career when he defended African American clients in Tampa's courts – something few other white lawyers were willing to do. Fowler worked in a number of law firms throughout the 1920s and '30s before joining with Morris White to form the Fowler and White firm. He rose through the ranks of leadership within local and regional bar associations, and in 1950, he was elected president of the American Bar Association – the first Tampa lawyer to attain that position. The following year, Tampa's Civitan Club named him as their Citizen of the Year, which is among the most prestigious honors awarded in Tampa. During the 1950s, Fowler was instrumental in eliminating the graft, corruption, and organized crime influence that had permeated Tampa's political system for generations. In 1959, Fowler was appointed chairman of both Florida's and Tampa's Bi-Racial Commissions. His calm approach to problems and his belief that integration was necessary for society to move forward, not to mention the potential economic benefits for the city, drove him to help solve the city's and state's race problems. His leadership, along with African American leaders, such as the Reverend A. Leon Lowry, helped guide the peaceful integration of Tampa's lunch counters in 1960. In a speech he gave to the Rotary Club of Tampa in July 1963, Fowler explained that \"economic upgrading,\" in the form of broader hiring practices among Tampa's businesses, was the core of solving local race relations issues. This cause would eventually be taken up by Tampa's Bi-Racial Committee. ","Fowler died at the age of 85, and at the time was still senior partner of the law firm he co-founded thirty-five years earlier. Newspapers across the state celebrated the life of the genteel southerner who did not hesitate to speak out against what he felt were unfair and illegal laws and traditions that plagued both the country and his adopted home.","Steven F. Lawson, former professor of History at the University of South Florida (1972-1992), compiled these materials as part of his research on the Civil Rights Movement and race relations in Tampa during the 1960s. The results of his research were published as \"From Sit-in to Race Riot: Businessmen, Blacks, and the Pursuit of Moderation in Tampa, 1960-1967,\" in  Southern Businessmen and Desegregation , 1982. ","Subsequent to their respective donations, the papers of Steven Lawson and Cody Fowler, which are closely related in subject, were merged into a single collection. Years later, rather than attempt to extricate one collection from the other, Dr. Lawson and archivist Andrew Huse agreed to change the collection's name and amend its documentation.","Selected information in Biog/Hist Note prepared by the Historical Monument Trail Selection Committee, Friends of the Riverwalk."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe civil rights papers of Cody Fowler and Steven Lawson, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["The civil rights papers of Cody Fowler and Steven Lawson, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProgress Village records, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Progress Village records, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMany of the documents in this collection provide insight into Cody Fowler's role in Tampa's desegregation. A large portion of the documents are correspondences between committee members of the Tampa Bi-Racial Committee, the Commission of Community Relations, and community officials. The collection also contains a large number of reports on African Americans, their lack of employment opportunities, and educational concerns.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Many of the documents in this collection provide insight into Cody Fowler's role in Tampa's desegregation. A large portion of the documents are correspondences between committee members of the Tampa Bi-Racial Committee, the Commission of Community Relations, and community officials. The collection also contains a large number of reports on African Americans, their lack of employment opportunities, and educational concerns."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone.\u0026#xA0; The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright.\u0026#xA0; Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["None.  The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_3abe5c2d17e88edd0120ab3bf0662503\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains materials separately created and collected by Cody Fowler and Steven Lawson. The materials have been combined into a single collection, and overlapping materials primarily document the civil rights of African American residents of Hillsborough County, FL.  \n\n***Note: Contact Special Collections regarding availability: spcinfo@usf.edu***\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains materials separately created and collected by Cody Fowler and Steven Lawson. The materials have been combined into a single collection, and overlapping materials primarily document the civil rights of African American residents of Hillsborough County, FL.  \n\n***Note: Contact Special Collections regarding availability: spcinfo@usf.edu***"],"names_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Fowler, Cody, 1892-1978","Lawson, Steven F. (1945-)"],"corpname_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Fowler, Cody, 1892-1978","Lawson, Steven F. (1945-)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":96,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"4ecda0709189a1ef8ee3f62e","timestamp":"2026-05-27T03:16:31.366Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/4ecda0709189a1ef8ee3f62e"}},{"id":"731b674a396f199a6d388d63_aspace_d317d790e26c8933192323dac4d598c0","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Civil Service Commission, 1974","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/731b674a396f199a6d388d63_aspace_d317d790e26c8933192323dac4d598c0#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_d317d790e26c8933192323dac4d598c0","ref_ssm":["aspace_d317d790e26c8933192323dac4d598c0","aspace_d317d790e26c8933192323dac4d598c0"],"id":"731b674a396f199a6d388d63_aspace_d317d790e26c8933192323dac4d598c0","title_filing_ssi":"Civil Service Commission","title_ssm":["Civil Service Commission"],"title_tesim":["Civil Service Commission"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1974"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1974"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Civil Service Commission, 1974"],"text":["Civil Service Commission, 1974","Congressman James A. Haley Collection, 1948-1977","U.S. Congressional Papers","Civil Service Commission","/repositories/2/archival_objects/26567","box 86","folder 6"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["731b674a396f199a6d388d63","731b674a396f199a6d388d63_aspace_5741d34efd25f269c0c7a777de774a22","731b674a396f199a6d388d63_aspace_3a256e0ffe0018ff279a1d57a673fb5c"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Congressman James A. Haley Collection, 1948-1977","U.S. Congressional Papers","Civil Service Commission"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Congressman James A. Haley Collection, 1948-1977","U.S. Congressional Papers","Civil Service Commission"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Subgroup","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/2/archival_objects/26567"],"repository_ssim":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Congressman James A. Haley Collection, 1948-1977"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":1096,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to\nunprocessed born digital materials."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The Congressman James A. Haley Papers are owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by\nthe copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Please inquire if you have questions -\narchives@flsouthern.edu. ","Constituent Correspondence files are restricted from publication until 2052"],"date_range_isim":[1974],"containers_ssim":["box 86","folder 6"],"_nest_path_":"/components#4/components#93/components#2","_nest_parent_":"731b674a396f199a6d388d63_aspace_3a256e0ffe0018ff279a1d57a673fb5c","_root_":"731b674a396f199a6d388d63","_version_":1875924461057736704,"timestamp":"2026-09-10T06:16:17.977Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"731b674a396f199a6d388d63","title_ssm":["Congressman James A. Haley Collection"],"title_tesim":["Congressman James A. Haley Collection"],"ead_ssi":"731b674a396f199a6d388d63","unitdate_ssm":["1948-1977"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1948-1977"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS1040","/repositories/2/resources/17"],"text":["MS1040","/repositories/2/resources/17","Congressman James A. Haley Collection, 1948-1977","Washington D.C.","Florida--Politics","Lakeland and Polk County Politics","United States. Congress","House of Representatives--Florida--State Legislature","Circus--management","Correspondence","Clippings","Speeches","This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to\nunprocessed born digital materials.","The materials in this collection were maintained by the subject's staff by issue and date. With some modifications allowing for clarity, they have been arranged in a similar fashion. However, you will find that individual issues may appear under multiple subject headings. For example, \"Watergate\" may\nappear under its own heading as well as under \"Richard Nixon\" or \"Nixon Administration.\" Please note that even though the files are arranged by issue, some correspondence might also be located in \"catch-all\" categories such as \"Haley Bills: Master File: 83rd Congress: 1953-1954,\"\n\"Correspondence: 19XX,\" to use but two examples.","James A. Haley, as chairman of the House Interior Committee during the 1970s, was instrumental in the creation of Big Cypress National Preserve. Franklin Adams lobbied for the establishment of the Big Cypress National Preserve along with many other environmental issues. The Franklin Adams Papers are housed at Florida International University. The Franklin Adams Collection, SPC9000, at Florida International University, Miami. ","James Andrew Haley (January 4, 1899 – August 6, 1981) was a U.S. Representative from Florida. Born in Jacksonville, Alabama, Haley attended the public schools and the University of Alabama. He served in the U.S. Army during World War I, and saw combat in France. He was an accountant in Sarasota, Florida, from 1920 to 1933 and served as general manager of the John Ringling estate from 1933 to 1943.\nOn December 4, 1942, Haley married Aubrey Ringling (née Aubrey Barlow Black), the widow of Richard T. Ringling who had died in 1931. Richard Ringling was the son of one of the original Ringling brothers. From 1943 to 1945, he was the first vice president of Ringling Circus and president and\ndirector of Ringling Brothers, Barnum \u0026 Bailey. In 1944, a fire broke out at a Ringling Circus show in Hartford, Connecticut that killed 169 persons. As a result of the fire he and five other circus officials pleaded no contest to charges of involuntary manslaughter and were sentenced to prison. He served\neight months and in 1945 was returned to Florida, where he received a pardon from Governor Millard F. Caldwell. Upon his release from prison, Haley again served as president and director for the Ringling Bros. and Barnum and Bailey Circus of Sarasota from 1946 to 1948. He engaged in newspaper publishing and\nlater in general printing business. He served as chairman of the Democratic Executive Committee of Sarasota County 1935–1952. He was elected and served as member of the Florida House of Representatives from 1949 to 1952. He was a delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1952, 1956, and 1960.\nHaley was elected as a Democrat to the Eighty-third and to the eleven succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1953 – January 3, 1977). He was a member of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, the Hospital Subcommittee of the Veterans Affair Committee, and the Indian Affairs Subcommittee. He served as chairman of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs (Ninety-third\nand Ninety-fourth Congresses). Haley was not a candidate for reelection to the Ninety-fifth Congress in 1976.","Haley died in Sarasota on August 6, 1981 and was interred in Boca Raton Cemetery in Boca Raton,FL. The James A. Haley Veterans Hospital located in Tampa is named for him. ","Sources: U.S. House of Representatives Official Biography and Haley Papers biographical data, 2018","The James A. Haley Papers consist of his personal and political papers. Correspondence, clippings, newsletters, photographs, congressional reports, and awards from various civic and political organizations give insight into Haley's public interests. Photographs of his wife, the Circus and political\naffiliates uncover the many facets of Haley's life. A limited amount of biographical information, including news articles about his death, reflect on how this public figure kept his private life private. Of note is the\nseries about the Hartford Circus fire. ","The Papers are arranged in five collections: Personal, Hartford Circus Fire, Political, Florida House of Representatives, and U.S. Congressional.","The Personal papers, arranged alphabetically by format, consists of calendars, correspondence, newsletters, photographs, awards and other ephemera giving a broad look into Haley's life in and out of office. A limited amount of biographical information, including news articles about his death, is included.","Haley Papers\nCorrespondence, newsletters, and awards from various civic and political organizations show the range of Haley's public interests while the invitations he accepted give a sense of the social life of a congressman in the 1950s-1970s. Congratulatory messages may give insight into who he counted\namong his political allies. The correspondence in this series, 1940-1981, the bulk of which are letters from Haley's time in the U.S. House of Representative (1953-1976) is of a general nature and may not be of a specific topic, but often must still be viewed as official. Since Haley was a public figure, the materials in this series should be viewed in the context that public figures kept their private life private.","The ephemera is mostly three-dimensional objects from Haley's office. The photographs within this series are also generally of an official nature. They are arranged by subject. Of particular note are the\nphotographs of Haley with several U.S. Presidents. Please see a digital exhibit at\nhttp://www.flsouthern.edu/library/mckay-archives/digital-exhibits/haley-presidents.aspx.","The Hartford Circus Fire collection encompasses documentation of the burning of a tent at the Ringling Bros. and Barnum \u0026 Baily Circus in Hartford, Connecticut on July 6, 1944, the loss of 150 lives, and the resulting trial. As first vice president of the Company, James A. Haley took responsibility, was found\nguilty of manslaughter, and served time in a federal prison. The documentation is comprised of, but not limited to, correspondence, news clippings, financial documents and court records. Correspondence takes the form of letters and telegrams with topics between Haley and staff and Haley and lawyers about what happened in the fire and with the trial. There are also letters to Haley while he is in jail, mostly regarding his personal health and welfare. There are extensive newspaper clippings about the fire and the trial. Corporate information includes circus routes, minutes and by-laws. The financial documents are extensive and record the financial standing of the circus, while Court Records consist of trial scripts, pleas, and scripts from the parole hearing. Anyone searching for general understanding of the events of the fire should look at the newspapers, and then the letters and telegrams.","The Political Papers collection concerns Haley's campaigns and party work. As a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, Haley was up for reelection every two years. The Campaign Files sub-series contains correspondence, government records, news articles, and other documents related to the subject's political campaigns between 1952 and 1974. Of special interest are the endorsements which how where and from whom he received his political support from.","The Democratic Party sub-collection reflects the subject's involvement with his political party. He served as a delegate to several Democratic National Conventions over the course of his career. He also took an interest in other political races throughout Florida and the nation. This series contains correspondence and newspaper articles concerning elections not specific to the subject, as well as general party information for candidates and booklets produced for the conventions.","The Florida House of Representatives collection encompass Haley's career as the State Representative for Sarasota County in the Florida House of Representatives. Haley held this office from 1948-1952. The materials are arranged in as logical order as possible. There was no discernable order prior to processing as the materials had been housed and rehoused several times since they were donated to the college. Of special note are the materials related to the Haley Committee Investigating Crime, which investigated political corruption and organized crime in the state. The collection also includes materials concerning state issues of the day, as well as issues specific to Sarasota County. Additionally, there are reference materials used by the subject in the performance of his duties. The Haley Committee on Investigating Crime sub-series contains transcripts of hearings, proceedings,\ncorrespondence, and news articles related to this committee, while the Issues sub-series is arranged Haley Papers\nalphabetically and contains correspondence, legislation, news articles, and reference material related to the respective issue. The Reference sub-series contain Florida House and Senate Bill Summaries, Legislative calendars, House and Senate Journals, and roll call votes. And, the Sarasota District subseries contain correspondence, reference materials, and news articles related specifically to that district.","The U.S. Congressional Papers, the largest collection, comprise the political aspects of Haley's US congressional career. The materials are arranged in alphabetical order created by his office. Haley held a seat representing the southwest coast and heartland of Florida from 1953-1977. The materials in this\nseries contain correspondence, articles, government documents, and photographs; they cover nearly every major issue to confront the United States during the 1950s through the 1970s. Of special note is the constituent correspondence, which are letters from citizens to Haley asking for information or help on a variety of topics. Letters and telegrams sent to Haley by citizens in his district give a sense of the\nviews of the general public concerning the issues of the era. Haley's views are expressed in his replies. The materials are arranged alphabetically by issue and date. This arrangement closely corresponds to how they were filed in the subject's office. Please note that even though the files are arranged by issue, some correspondence might also be located in \"catch-all\" categories such as \"Haley Bills: Master File: 83rd Congress: 1953-1954,\"\n\"Correspondence: 19XX,\" to use but two examples. ","The Congressman James A. Haley Papers are owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by\nthe copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Please inquire if you have questions -\narchives@flsouthern.edu. ","Constituent Correspondence files are restricted from publication until 2052","The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections","Haley, James A., Congressman ","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS1040","/repositories/2/resources/17"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1948-1977"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Congressman James A. Haley Collection, 1948-1977"],"collection_title_tesim":["Congressman James A. Haley Collection, 1948-1977"],"collection_ssim":["Congressman James A. Haley Collection, 1948-1977"],"repository_ssm":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections"],"repository_ssim":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Washington D.C."],"geogname_ssim":["Washington D.C."],"creator_ssm":["Haley, James A., Congressman "],"creator_ssim":["Haley, James A., Congressman "],"creator_persname_ssim":["Haley, James A., Congressman "],"creators_ssim":["Haley, James A., Congressman "],"places_ssim":["Washington D.C."],"access_terms_ssm":["The Congressman James A. Haley Papers are owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by\nthe copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Please inquire if you have questions -\narchives@flsouthern.edu. ","Constituent Correspondence files are restricted from publication until 2052"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Florida--Politics","Lakeland and Polk County Politics","United States. Congress","House of Representatives--Florida--State Legislature","Circus--management","Correspondence","Clippings","Speeches"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Florida--Politics","Lakeland and Polk County Politics","United States. Congress","House of Representatives--Florida--State Legislature","Circus--management","Correspondence","Clippings","Speeches"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["150 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["150 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Clippings","Speeches"],"date_range_isim":[1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to\nunprocessed born digital materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to\nunprocessed born digital materials."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this collection were maintained by the subject's staff by issue and date. With some modifications allowing for clarity, they have been arranged in a similar fashion. However, you will find that individual issues may appear under multiple subject headings. For example, \"Watergate\" may\nappear under its own heading as well as under \"Richard Nixon\" or \"Nixon Administration.\" Please note that even though the files are arranged by issue, some correspondence might also be located in \"catch-all\" categories such as \"Haley Bills: Master File: 83rd Congress: 1953-1954,\"\n\"Correspondence: 19XX,\" to use but two examples.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJames A. Haley, as chairman of the House Interior Committee during the 1970s, was instrumental in the creation of Big Cypress National Preserve. Franklin Adams lobbied for the establishment of the Big Cypress National Preserve along with many other environmental issues. The Franklin Adams Papers are housed at Florida International University. The Franklin Adams Collection, SPC9000, at Florida International University, Miami. \u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The materials in this collection were maintained by the subject's staff by issue and date. With some modifications allowing for clarity, they have been arranged in a similar fashion. However, you will find that individual issues may appear under multiple subject headings. For example, \"Watergate\" may\nappear under its own heading as well as under \"Richard Nixon\" or \"Nixon Administration.\" Please note that even though the files are arranged by issue, some correspondence might also be located in \"catch-all\" categories such as \"Haley Bills: Master File: 83rd Congress: 1953-1954,\"\n\"Correspondence: 19XX,\" to use but two examples.","James A. Haley, as chairman of the House Interior Committee during the 1970s, was instrumental in the creation of Big Cypress National Preserve. Franklin Adams lobbied for the establishment of the Big Cypress National Preserve along with many other environmental issues. The Franklin Adams Papers are housed at Florida International University. The Franklin Adams Collection, SPC9000, at Florida International University, Miami. "],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames Andrew Haley (January 4, 1899 \u0026#x2013; August 6, 1981) was a U.S. Representative from Florida. Born in Jacksonville, Alabama, Haley attended the public schools and the University of Alabama. He served in the U.S. Army during World War I, and saw combat in France. He was an accountant in Sarasota, Florida, from 1920 to 1933 and served as general manager of the John Ringling estate from 1933 to 1943.\nOn December 4, 1942, Haley married Aubrey Ringling (n\u0026#xE9;e Aubrey Barlow Black), the widow of Richard T. Ringling who had died in 1931. Richard Ringling was the son of one of the original Ringling brothers. From 1943 to 1945, he was the first vice president of Ringling Circus and president and\ndirector of Ringling Brothers, Barnum \u0026amp; Bailey. In 1944, a fire broke out at a Ringling Circus show in Hartford, Connecticut that killed 169 persons. As a result of the fire he and five other circus officials pleaded no contest to charges of involuntary manslaughter and were sentenced to prison. He served\neight months and in 1945 was returned to Florida, where he received a pardon from Governor Millard F. Caldwell. Upon his release from prison, Haley again served as president and director for the Ringling Bros. and Barnum and Bailey Circus of Sarasota from 1946 to 1948. He engaged in newspaper publishing and\nlater in general printing business. He served as chairman of the Democratic Executive Committee of Sarasota County 1935\u0026#x2013;1952. He was elected and served as member of the Florida House of Representatives from 1949 to 1952. He was a delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1952, 1956, and 1960.\nHaley was elected as a Democrat to the Eighty-third and to the eleven succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1953 \u0026#x2013; January 3, 1977). He was a member of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, the Hospital Subcommittee of the Veterans Affair Committee, and the Indian Affairs Subcommittee. He served as chairman of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs (Ninety-third\nand Ninety-fourth Congresses). Haley was not a candidate for reelection to the Ninety-fifth Congress in 1976.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHaley died in Sarasota on August 6, 1981 and was interred in Boca Raton Cemetery in Boca Raton,FL. The James A. Haley Veterans Hospital located in Tampa is named for him. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources: U.S. House of Representatives Official Biography and Haley Papers biographical data, 2018\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["James Andrew Haley (January 4, 1899 – August 6, 1981) was a U.S. Representative from Florida. Born in Jacksonville, Alabama, Haley attended the public schools and the University of Alabama. He served in the U.S. Army during World War I, and saw combat in France. He was an accountant in Sarasota, Florida, from 1920 to 1933 and served as general manager of the John Ringling estate from 1933 to 1943.\nOn December 4, 1942, Haley married Aubrey Ringling (née Aubrey Barlow Black), the widow of Richard T. Ringling who had died in 1931. Richard Ringling was the son of one of the original Ringling brothers. From 1943 to 1945, he was the first vice president of Ringling Circus and president and\ndirector of Ringling Brothers, Barnum \u0026 Bailey. In 1944, a fire broke out at a Ringling Circus show in Hartford, Connecticut that killed 169 persons. As a result of the fire he and five other circus officials pleaded no contest to charges of involuntary manslaughter and were sentenced to prison. He served\neight months and in 1945 was returned to Florida, where he received a pardon from Governor Millard F. Caldwell. Upon his release from prison, Haley again served as president and director for the Ringling Bros. and Barnum and Bailey Circus of Sarasota from 1946 to 1948. He engaged in newspaper publishing and\nlater in general printing business. He served as chairman of the Democratic Executive Committee of Sarasota County 1935–1952. He was elected and served as member of the Florida House of Representatives from 1949 to 1952. He was a delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1952, 1956, and 1960.\nHaley was elected as a Democrat to the Eighty-third and to the eleven succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1953 – January 3, 1977). He was a member of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, the Hospital Subcommittee of the Veterans Affair Committee, and the Indian Affairs Subcommittee. He served as chairman of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs (Ninety-third\nand Ninety-fourth Congresses). Haley was not a candidate for reelection to the Ninety-fifth Congress in 1976.","Haley died in Sarasota on August 6, 1981 and was interred in Boca Raton Cemetery in Boca Raton,FL. The James A. Haley Veterans Hospital located in Tampa is named for him. ","Sources: U.S. House of Representatives Official Biography and Haley Papers biographical data, 2018"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe James A. Haley Papers consist of his personal and political papers. Correspondence, clippings, newsletters, photographs, congressional reports, and awards from various civic and political organizations give insight into Haley's public interests. Photographs of his wife, the Circus and political\naffiliates uncover the many facets of Haley's life. A limited amount of biographical information, including news articles about his death, reflect on how this public figure kept his private life private. Of note is the\nseries about the Hartford Circus fire. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Papers are arranged in five collections: Personal, Hartford Circus Fire, Political, Florida House of Representatives, and U.S. Congressional.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Personal papers, arranged alphabetically by format, consists of calendars, correspondence, newsletters, photographs, awards and other ephemera giving a broad look into Haley's life in and out of office. A limited amount of biographical information, including news articles about his death, is included.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHaley Papers\nCorrespondence, newsletters, and awards from various civic and political organizations show the range of Haley's public interests while the invitations he accepted give a sense of the social life of a congressman in the 1950s-1970s. Congratulatory messages may give insight into who he counted\namong his political allies. The correspondence in this series, 1940-1981, the bulk of which are letters from Haley's time in the U.S. House of Representative (1953-1976) is of a general nature and may not be of a specific topic, but often must still be viewed as official. Since Haley was a public figure, the materials in this series should be viewed in the context that public figures kept their private life private.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe ephemera is mostly three-dimensional objects from Haley's office. The photographs within this series are also generally of an official nature. They are arranged by subject. Of particular note are the\nphotographs of Haley with several U.S. Presidents. Please see a digital exhibit at\nhttp://www.flsouthern.edu/library/mckay-archives/digital-exhibits/haley-presidents.aspx.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Hartford Circus Fire collection encompasses documentation of the burning of a tent at the Ringling Bros. and Barnum \u0026amp; Baily Circus in Hartford, Connecticut on July 6, 1944, the loss of 150 lives, and the resulting trial. As first vice president of the Company, James A. Haley took responsibility, was found\nguilty of manslaughter, and served time in a federal prison. The documentation is comprised of, but not limited to, correspondence, news clippings, financial documents and court records. Correspondence takes the form of letters and telegrams with topics between Haley and staff and Haley and lawyers about what happened in the fire and with the trial. There are also letters to Haley while he is in jail, mostly regarding his personal health and welfare. There are extensive newspaper clippings about the fire and the trial. Corporate information includes circus routes, minutes and by-laws. The financial documents are extensive and record the financial standing of the circus, while Court Records consist of trial scripts, pleas, and scripts from the parole hearing. Anyone searching for general understanding of the events of the fire should look at the newspapers, and then the letters and telegrams.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Political Papers collection concerns Haley's campaigns and party work. As a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, Haley was up for reelection every two years. The Campaign Files sub-series contains correspondence, government records, news articles, and other documents related to the subject's political campaigns between 1952 and 1974. Of special interest are the endorsements which how where and from whom he received his political support from.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Democratic Party sub-collection reflects the subject's involvement with his political party. He served as a delegate to several Democratic National Conventions over the course of his career. He also took an interest in other political races throughout Florida and the nation. This series contains correspondence and newspaper articles concerning elections not specific to the subject, as well as general party information for candidates and booklets produced for the conventions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Florida House of Representatives collection encompass Haley's career as the State Representative for Sarasota County in the Florida House of Representatives. Haley held this office from 1948-1952. The materials are arranged in as logical order as possible. There was no discernable order prior to processing as the materials had been housed and rehoused several times since they were donated to the college. Of special note are the materials related to the Haley Committee Investigating Crime, which investigated political corruption and organized crime in the state. The collection also includes materials concerning state issues of the day, as well as issues specific to Sarasota County. Additionally, there are reference materials used by the subject in the performance of his duties. The Haley Committee on Investigating Crime sub-series contains transcripts of hearings, proceedings,\ncorrespondence, and news articles related to this committee, while the Issues sub-series is arranged Haley Papers\nalphabetically and contains correspondence, legislation, news articles, and reference material related to the respective issue. The Reference sub-series contain Florida House and Senate Bill Summaries, Legislative calendars, House and Senate Journals, and roll call votes. And, the Sarasota District subseries contain correspondence, reference materials, and news articles related specifically to that district.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. Congressional Papers, the largest collection, comprise the political aspects of Haley's US congressional career. The materials are arranged in alphabetical order created by his office. Haley held a seat representing the southwest coast and heartland of Florida from 1953-1977. The materials in this\nseries contain correspondence, articles, government documents, and photographs; they cover nearly every major issue to confront the United States during the 1950s through the 1970s. Of special note is the constituent correspondence, which are letters from citizens to Haley asking for information or help on a variety of topics. Letters and telegrams sent to Haley by citizens in his district give a sense of the\nviews of the general public concerning the issues of the era. Haley's views are expressed in his replies. The materials are arranged alphabetically by issue and date. This arrangement closely corresponds to how they were filed in the subject's office. Please note that even though the files are arranged by issue, some correspondence might also be located in \"catch-all\" categories such as \"Haley Bills: Master File: 83rd Congress: 1953-1954,\"\n\"Correspondence: 19XX,\" to use but two examples. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The James A. Haley Papers consist of his personal and political papers. Correspondence, clippings, newsletters, photographs, congressional reports, and awards from various civic and political organizations give insight into Haley's public interests. Photographs of his wife, the Circus and political\naffiliates uncover the many facets of Haley's life. A limited amount of biographical information, including news articles about his death, reflect on how this public figure kept his private life private. Of note is the\nseries about the Hartford Circus fire. ","The Papers are arranged in five collections: Personal, Hartford Circus Fire, Political, Florida House of Representatives, and U.S. Congressional.","The Personal papers, arranged alphabetically by format, consists of calendars, correspondence, newsletters, photographs, awards and other ephemera giving a broad look into Haley's life in and out of office. A limited amount of biographical information, including news articles about his death, is included.","Haley Papers\nCorrespondence, newsletters, and awards from various civic and political organizations show the range of Haley's public interests while the invitations he accepted give a sense of the social life of a congressman in the 1950s-1970s. Congratulatory messages may give insight into who he counted\namong his political allies. The correspondence in this series, 1940-1981, the bulk of which are letters from Haley's time in the U.S. House of Representative (1953-1976) is of a general nature and may not be of a specific topic, but often must still be viewed as official. Since Haley was a public figure, the materials in this series should be viewed in the context that public figures kept their private life private.","The ephemera is mostly three-dimensional objects from Haley's office. The photographs within this series are also generally of an official nature. They are arranged by subject. Of particular note are the\nphotographs of Haley with several U.S. Presidents. Please see a digital exhibit at\nhttp://www.flsouthern.edu/library/mckay-archives/digital-exhibits/haley-presidents.aspx.","The Hartford Circus Fire collection encompasses documentation of the burning of a tent at the Ringling Bros. and Barnum \u0026 Baily Circus in Hartford, Connecticut on July 6, 1944, the loss of 150 lives, and the resulting trial. As first vice president of the Company, James A. Haley took responsibility, was found\nguilty of manslaughter, and served time in a federal prison. The documentation is comprised of, but not limited to, correspondence, news clippings, financial documents and court records. Correspondence takes the form of letters and telegrams with topics between Haley and staff and Haley and lawyers about what happened in the fire and with the trial. There are also letters to Haley while he is in jail, mostly regarding his personal health and welfare. There are extensive newspaper clippings about the fire and the trial. Corporate information includes circus routes, minutes and by-laws. The financial documents are extensive and record the financial standing of the circus, while Court Records consist of trial scripts, pleas, and scripts from the parole hearing. Anyone searching for general understanding of the events of the fire should look at the newspapers, and then the letters and telegrams.","The Political Papers collection concerns Haley's campaigns and party work. As a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, Haley was up for reelection every two years. The Campaign Files sub-series contains correspondence, government records, news articles, and other documents related to the subject's political campaigns between 1952 and 1974. Of special interest are the endorsements which how where and from whom he received his political support from.","The Democratic Party sub-collection reflects the subject's involvement with his political party. He served as a delegate to several Democratic National Conventions over the course of his career. He also took an interest in other political races throughout Florida and the nation. This series contains correspondence and newspaper articles concerning elections not specific to the subject, as well as general party information for candidates and booklets produced for the conventions.","The Florida House of Representatives collection encompass Haley's career as the State Representative for Sarasota County in the Florida House of Representatives. Haley held this office from 1948-1952. The materials are arranged in as logical order as possible. There was no discernable order prior to processing as the materials had been housed and rehoused several times since they were donated to the college. Of special note are the materials related to the Haley Committee Investigating Crime, which investigated political corruption and organized crime in the state. The collection also includes materials concerning state issues of the day, as well as issues specific to Sarasota County. Additionally, there are reference materials used by the subject in the performance of his duties. The Haley Committee on Investigating Crime sub-series contains transcripts of hearings, proceedings,\ncorrespondence, and news articles related to this committee, while the Issues sub-series is arranged Haley Papers\nalphabetically and contains correspondence, legislation, news articles, and reference material related to the respective issue. The Reference sub-series contain Florida House and Senate Bill Summaries, Legislative calendars, House and Senate Journals, and roll call votes. And, the Sarasota District subseries contain correspondence, reference materials, and news articles related specifically to that district.","The U.S. Congressional Papers, the largest collection, comprise the political aspects of Haley's US congressional career. The materials are arranged in alphabetical order created by his office. Haley held a seat representing the southwest coast and heartland of Florida from 1953-1977. The materials in this\nseries contain correspondence, articles, government documents, and photographs; they cover nearly every major issue to confront the United States during the 1950s through the 1970s. Of special note is the constituent correspondence, which are letters from citizens to Haley asking for information or help on a variety of topics. Letters and telegrams sent to Haley by citizens in his district give a sense of the\nviews of the general public concerning the issues of the era. Haley's views are expressed in his replies. The materials are arranged alphabetically by issue and date. This arrangement closely corresponds to how they were filed in the subject's office. Please note that even though the files are arranged by issue, some correspondence might also be located in \"catch-all\" categories such as \"Haley Bills: Master File: 83rd Congress: 1953-1954,\"\n\"Correspondence: 19XX,\" to use but two examples. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Congressman James A. Haley Papers are owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by\nthe copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Please inquire if you have questions -\narchives@flsouthern.edu. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eConstituent Correspondence files are restricted from publication until 2052\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Congressman James A. Haley Papers are owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by\nthe copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Please inquire if you have questions -\narchives@flsouthern.edu. ","Constituent Correspondence files are restricted from publication until 2052"],"names_ssim":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections","Haley, James A., Congressman "],"corpname_ssim":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Haley, James A., Congressman "],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":4376,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1875924461057736704,"_root_":"731b674a396f199a6d388d63","timestamp":"2026-09-10T06:16:17.977Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/731b674a396f199a6d388d63_aspace_d317d790e26c8933192323dac4d598c0"}},{"id":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_51748","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Clara and George Simpson, 1939-1974","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_51748#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_51748","ref_ssm":["aspace_51748","aspace_51748"],"id":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_51748","title_filing_ssi":"Clara and George Simpson","title_ssm":["Clara and George Simpson"],"title_tesim":["Clara and George Simpson"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1939-1974"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1939-1974"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Clara and George Simpson, 1939-1974"],"text":["Clara and George Simpson, 1939-1974","Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014","Mulford and Racine Foster Files, 1910-1991","Correspondence, 1930-1990","Folder 16-17","/repositories/4/archival_objects/35068","box 216","folder 16-17"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_51261","4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_51262"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014","Mulford and Racine Foster Files, 1910-1991","Correspondence, 1930-1990"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014","Mulford and Racine Foster Files, 1910-1991","Correspondence, 1930-1990"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Subseries"],"unitid_ssm":["Folder 16-17","/repositories/4/archival_objects/35068"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":480,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The entire collection is open for research except for the following:\n\n  Boxes 180-181: Personal correspondence\n  Boxes 213-214: Manuscript of \"Brazil: Orchid of the Tropics\"\n"],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder."],"date_range_isim":[1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974],"containers_ssim":["box 216","folder 16-17"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#0/components#477","_nest_parent_":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_51262","_root_":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","timestamp":"2026-07-11T02:53:59.490Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","title_ssm":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection"],"title_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection"],"ead_ssi":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","unitdate_ssm":["1754-2014"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1754-2014"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 068","/repositories/4/resources/148"],"text":["SC 068","/repositories/4/resources/148","Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014","Marineland (Fla.)","Botany","Botany -- Brazil","Bromeliaceae","Bromelin","Cooking (Pineapples)","Pineapple","Plant hybridization","botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)","The entire collection is open for research except for the following:\n Boxes 180-181: Personal correspondence Boxes 213-214: Manuscript of \"Brazil: Orchid of the Tropics\"","The collection is divided into eight series by type of file.","Michael A. Spencer was born in Orlando and grew up in Winter Garden, Florida. He worked at Sand Hill Nursery near Lake Avalon and the Land of Bromeliads in Gotha before finding employment with Julian Nally. After the Nally estate was sold, Spencer worked for Racine Foster at Bromel-La. He graduated from UCF in 1990 summa cum laude with a BA in Liberal Studies and then found employment with Lyman B. Smith at the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History. Michael Spencer named a genus of bromeliads \"Racinaea\" in honor of Racine Foster. While engaged in his research, Spencer amassed this collection of materials concerning bromeliads and their collectors. He now lives in Frederick, Maryland where he has served on the Historic Preservation Commission since 2004.","Materials were rehoused in pH neutral folders and cartons. Photographs, negatives and slides were enclosed in polyester sleeves. Many of the materials were well organized and the arrangement was retained. The remainder were arranged by following the original arrangement as far as possible. Notes on folders were retained in the new folder. Paper clips were replaced with plastic clips or materials that belonged together were held together in a pH neutral paper sleeve. Loose-leaf notebooks that were badly rusted were discarded and the contents placed in folders. Items loose in the back of notebooks were foldered separately and marked accordingly. Notes from a film canister were written exactly as found as the label could not be removed. Albums falling apart were taken apart and foldered. Albums in reasonable condition had the photographs attached properly with corners and the pages interleaved to prevent sticking. Loose album pages in the Foster subseries on Plant Information were merely foldered as they were not in an album and were found without context. Collecion rehoused and finding aid revised by Chynna Thomas in 2023.","A large book collection accompanies this collection and may be accessed by performing a series search \"Michael A. Spencer Collection\" in the UCF Library  Online Catalog .  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Julian Nally ,  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Theodore Mead ,  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Henry Nehrling  and the  Henry Nehrling Papers  are also available in Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries. Some paintings by Mulford Foster are held at the  Harry P. Leu Gardens . The  Henry Nehrling Collection  and the  Theodore L. Mead Collection  are held at Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida. Lyman Smith's Papers are held at the  Smithsonian Institution Archives .","Series I: Mulford and Racine Foster Files, 1910-1991 documents the work of these two individuals in discovering and propagating bromeliads. Correspondence, publications, notebooks, drawings, research materials, memorabilia and photographs show all aspects of their work including plant collecting, landscape designing and publishing. Photographs may be black and white or color prints, negatives or slides. Additional materials about the Fosters may be found in Series II and III.","\nSeries II: Subject Files, 1880-2003 contains catalogues, journals, photographs, memorabilia and correspondence that Michael Spencer brought together under his chosen subject headings and arranged alphabetically. Many of the materials in this series originally came from Mulford and Racine Foster, which means that there is some overlap with the previous series. Spencer's own collecting interest lay in documenting the importance of bromeliads in society, and he collected many common items that showed bromeliads, especially pineapples.","\nSeries III: Author Files, 1754-1997 includes a variety of media used for research, such as articles, books, magazines, newspaper clippings, and photographs. There are a significant number of materials authored by Mulford and Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith, including original manuscripts.","\nSeries IV: Plants by Family Files, 1908-1990 contains alphabetical files on plant families, which include newspaper clippings, books and other research materials.","\nSeries V: Natural History Files, 1853-1997 holds alphabetical files on a wide range of natural history topics including plant societies, authors, drugs and diseases. The files contain published materials, photocopies, web resources, plant and geological samples that document's Michael's Spencer's considerable research interests.","\nSeries VI: Medicinal Files, 1988-1996 contains alphabetical files on diseases and therapies. Not all these files relate to plants though many of them concern natural therapies.","\nSeries VII: Lyman Smith Files: 1905-1994 holds alphabetical files that belonged to Lyman B. Smith. His notebooks, manscripts, teaching materials and correspondence may all be found here.","\nSeries VIII: Personal Files, 1863-2014 contains alphabetical files showing Spencer's interest in collecting books and his wide interests. Materials that do not clearly belong in the other series may be found here.","Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder.","Michael A. Spencer assembled this collection of publications, photographs, drawings, correspondence programs and other materials focusing on the discovery, taxonomy and cultivation of bromeliads. Mulford B. Foster, Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith are among the significant bromeliad collectors whose work is documented here.","UCF Special Collections","Bromeliad Society","Spencer, Michael A.","Smith, Lyman B.","Foster, Mulford B. (Mulford Bateman), 1888-1978","Foster, Racine, 1910-1991","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 068","/repositories/4/resources/148"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1754-2014"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014"],"collection_title_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014"],"collection_ssim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Marineland (Fla.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Marineland (Fla.)"],"creator_ssm":["Spencer, Michael A."],"creator_ssim":["Spencer, Michael A."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Spencer, Michael A."],"creators_ssim":["Spencer, Michael A."],"places_ssim":["Marineland (Fla.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Some of these materials were donated to and others were purchased by the University of Central Florida Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives from Michael A. Spencer in 2006 (CFM2006_09), 2011 (CFM2011_02), 2012 (CFM2012_10), and 2014 (CFM2014_01)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Botany","Botany -- Brazil","Bromeliaceae","Bromelin","Cooking (Pineapples)","Pineapple","Plant hybridization","botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Botany","Botany -- Brazil","Bromeliaceae","Bromelin","Cooking (Pineapples)","Pineapple","Plant hybridization","botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["130 Linear Feet 259 boxes, 2 flat files"],"extent_tesim":["130 Linear Feet 259 boxes, 2 flat files"],"genreform_ssim":["botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)"],"date_range_isim":[1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research except for the following:\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eBoxes 180-181: Personal correspondence\u003c/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eBoxes 213-214: Manuscript of \"Brazil: Orchid of the Tropics\"\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research except for the following:\n Boxes 180-181: Personal correspondence Boxes 213-214: Manuscript of \"Brazil: Orchid of the Tropics\""],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into eight series by type of file.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into eight series by type of file."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMichael A. Spencer was born in Orlando and grew up in Winter Garden, Florida. He worked at Sand Hill Nursery near Lake Avalon and the Land of Bromeliads in Gotha before finding employment with Julian Nally. After the Nally estate was sold, Spencer worked for Racine Foster at Bromel-La. He graduated from UCF in 1990 summa cum laude with a BA in Liberal Studies and then found employment with Lyman B. Smith at the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History. Michael Spencer named a genus of bromeliads \"Racinaea\" in honor of Racine Foster. While engaged in his research, Spencer amassed this collection of materials concerning bromeliads and their collectors. He now lives in Frederick, Maryland where he has served on the Historic Preservation Commission since 2004.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer was born in Orlando and grew up in Winter Garden, Florida. He worked at Sand Hill Nursery near Lake Avalon and the Land of Bromeliads in Gotha before finding employment with Julian Nally. After the Nally estate was sold, Spencer worked for Racine Foster at Bromel-La. He graduated from UCF in 1990 summa cum laude with a BA in Liberal Studies and then found employment with Lyman B. Smith at the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History. Michael Spencer named a genus of bromeliads \"Racinaea\" in honor of Racine Foster. While engaged in his research, Spencer amassed this collection of materials concerning bromeliads and their collectors. He now lives in Frederick, Maryland where he has served on the Historic Preservation Commission since 2004."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMichael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials were rehoused in pH neutral folders and cartons. Photographs, negatives and slides were enclosed in polyester sleeves. Many of the materials were well organized and the arrangement was retained. The remainder were arranged by following the original arrangement as far as possible. Notes on folders were retained in the new folder. Paper clips were replaced with plastic clips or materials that belonged together were held together in a pH neutral paper sleeve. Loose-leaf notebooks that were badly rusted were discarded and the contents placed in folders. Items loose in the back of notebooks were foldered separately and marked accordingly. Notes from a film canister were written exactly as found as the label could not be removed. Albums falling apart were taken apart and foldered. Albums in reasonable condition had the photographs attached properly with corners and the pages interleaved to prevent sticking. Loose album pages in the Foster subseries on Plant Information were merely foldered as they were not in an album and were found without context. Collecion rehoused and finding aid revised by Chynna Thomas in 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Materials were rehoused in pH neutral folders and cartons. Photographs, negatives and slides were enclosed in polyester sleeves. Many of the materials were well organized and the arrangement was retained. The remainder were arranged by following the original arrangement as far as possible. Notes on folders were retained in the new folder. Paper clips were replaced with plastic clips or materials that belonged together were held together in a pH neutral paper sleeve. Loose-leaf notebooks that were badly rusted were discarded and the contents placed in folders. Items loose in the back of notebooks were foldered separately and marked accordingly. Notes from a film canister were written exactly as found as the label could not be removed. Albums falling apart were taken apart and foldered. Albums in reasonable condition had the photographs attached properly with corners and the pages interleaved to prevent sticking. Loose album pages in the Foster subseries on Plant Information were merely foldered as they were not in an album and were found without context. Collecion rehoused and finding aid revised by Chynna Thomas in 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA large book collection accompanies this collection and may be accessed by performing a series search \"Michael A. Spencer Collection\" in the UCF Library \u003cextref href=\"https://library.ucf.edu\"\u003eOnline Catalog\u003c/extref\u003e. \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2006-08c\"\u003eMichael A. Spencer Collection on Julian Nally\u003c/extref\u003e, \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2006-08b\"\u003eMichael A. Spencer Collection on Theodore Mead\u003c/extref\u003e, \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2006-08a\"\u003eMichael A. Spencer Collection on Henry Nehrling\u003c/extref\u003e and the \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM1999-03\"\u003eHenry Nehrling Papers\u003c/extref\u003e are also available in Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries. Some paintings by Mulford Foster are held at the \u003cextref href=\"http://www.leugardens.org/\"\u003eHarry P. Leu Gardens\u003c/extref\u003e. The \u003cextref href=\"https://aspace.rollins.edu/repositories/2/resources/4\"\u003eHenry Nehrling Collection\u003c/extref\u003e and the \u003cextref href=\"https://aspace.rollins.edu/repositories/2/resources/97\"\u003eTheodore L. Mead Collection\u003c/extref\u003e are held at Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida. Lyman Smith's Papers are held at the \u003cextref href=\"http://siarchives.si.edu/\"\u003eSmithsonian Institution Archives\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["A large book collection accompanies this collection and may be accessed by performing a series search \"Michael A. Spencer Collection\" in the UCF Library  Online Catalog .  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Julian Nally ,  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Theodore Mead ,  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Henry Nehrling  and the  Henry Nehrling Papers  are also available in Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries. Some paintings by Mulford Foster are held at the  Harry P. Leu Gardens . The  Henry Nehrling Collection  and the  Theodore L. Mead Collection  are held at Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida. Lyman Smith's Papers are held at the  Smithsonian Institution Archives ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Mulford and Racine Foster Files, 1910-1991 documents the work of these two individuals in discovering and propagating bromeliads. Correspondence, publications, notebooks, drawings, research materials, memorabilia and photographs show all aspects of their work including plant collecting, landscape designing and publishing. Photographs may be black and white or color prints, negatives or slides. Additional materials about the Fosters may be found in Series II and III.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries II: Subject Files, 1880-2003 contains catalogues, journals, photographs, memorabilia and correspondence that Michael Spencer brought together under his chosen subject headings and arranged alphabetically. Many of the materials in this series originally came from Mulford and Racine Foster, which means that there is some overlap with the previous series. Spencer's own collecting interest lay in documenting the importance of bromeliads in society, and he collected many common items that showed bromeliads, especially pineapples.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries III: Author Files, 1754-1997 includes a variety of media used for research, such as articles, books, magazines, newspaper clippings, and photographs. There are a significant number of materials authored by Mulford and Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith, including original manuscripts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries IV: Plants by Family Files, 1908-1990 contains alphabetical files on plant families, which include newspaper clippings, books and other research materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries V: Natural History Files, 1853-1997 holds alphabetical files on a wide range of natural history topics including plant societies, authors, drugs and diseases. The files contain published materials, photocopies, web resources, plant and geological samples that document's Michael's Spencer's considerable research interests.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VI: Medicinal Files, 1988-1996 contains alphabetical files on diseases and therapies. Not all these files relate to plants though many of them concern natural therapies.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VII: Lyman Smith Files: 1905-1994 holds alphabetical files that belonged to Lyman B. Smith. His notebooks, manscripts, teaching materials and correspondence may all be found here.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VIII: Personal Files, 1863-2014 contains alphabetical files showing Spencer's interest in collecting books and his wide interests. Materials that do not clearly belong in the other series may be found here.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Series I: Mulford and Racine Foster Files, 1910-1991 documents the work of these two individuals in discovering and propagating bromeliads. Correspondence, publications, notebooks, drawings, research materials, memorabilia and photographs show all aspects of their work including plant collecting, landscape designing and publishing. Photographs may be black and white or color prints, negatives or slides. Additional materials about the Fosters may be found in Series II and III.","\nSeries II: Subject Files, 1880-2003 contains catalogues, journals, photographs, memorabilia and correspondence that Michael Spencer brought together under his chosen subject headings and arranged alphabetically. Many of the materials in this series originally came from Mulford and Racine Foster, which means that there is some overlap with the previous series. Spencer's own collecting interest lay in documenting the importance of bromeliads in society, and he collected many common items that showed bromeliads, especially pineapples.","\nSeries III: Author Files, 1754-1997 includes a variety of media used for research, such as articles, books, magazines, newspaper clippings, and photographs. There are a significant number of materials authored by Mulford and Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith, including original manuscripts.","\nSeries IV: Plants by Family Files, 1908-1990 contains alphabetical files on plant families, which include newspaper clippings, books and other research materials.","\nSeries V: Natural History Files, 1853-1997 holds alphabetical files on a wide range of natural history topics including plant societies, authors, drugs and diseases. The files contain published materials, photocopies, web resources, plant and geological samples that document's Michael's Spencer's considerable research interests.","\nSeries VI: Medicinal Files, 1988-1996 contains alphabetical files on diseases and therapies. Not all these files relate to plants though many of them concern natural therapies.","\nSeries VII: Lyman Smith Files: 1905-1994 holds alphabetical files that belonged to Lyman B. Smith. His notebooks, manscripts, teaching materials and correspondence may all be found here.","\nSeries VIII: Personal Files, 1863-2014 contains alphabetical files showing Spencer's interest in collecting books and his wide interests. Materials that do not clearly belong in the other series may be found here."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Copyright Statement"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_8e33310d6b1a70e4d88f1e2d3043cf71\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eMichael A. Spencer assembled this collection of publications, photographs, drawings, correspondence programs and other materials focusing on the discovery, taxonomy and cultivation of bromeliads. Mulford B. Foster, Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith are among the significant bromeliad collectors whose work is documented here.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer assembled this collection of publications, photographs, drawings, correspondence programs and other materials focusing on the discovery, taxonomy and cultivation of bromeliads. Mulford B. Foster, Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith are among the significant bromeliad collectors whose work is documented here."],"names_coll_ssim":["Bromeliad Society","Smith, Lyman B.","Foster, Mulford B. (Mulford Bateman), 1888-1978","Foster, Racine, 1910-1991"],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Bromeliad Society","Spencer, Michael A.","Smith, Lyman B.","Foster, Mulford B. (Mulford Bateman), 1888-1978","Foster, Racine, 1910-1991"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Bromeliad Society"],"persname_ssim":["Spencer, Michael A.","Smith, Lyman B.","Foster, Mulford B. (Mulford Bateman), 1888-1978","Foster, Racine, 1910-1991"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3662,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","timestamp":"2026-07-11T02:53:59.490Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_51748"}},{"id":"5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62_aspace_0b67ce34d62b6d548788618679d59446","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Clark, Carolyn M., 1974","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62_aspace_0b67ce34d62b6d548788618679d59446#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_0b67ce34d62b6d548788618679d59446","ref_ssm":["aspace_0b67ce34d62b6d548788618679d59446","aspace_0b67ce34d62b6d548788618679d59446"],"id":"5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62_aspace_0b67ce34d62b6d548788618679d59446","title_filing_ssi":"Clark, Carolyn M.","title_ssm":["Clark, Carolyn M."],"title_tesim":["Clark, Carolyn M."],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1974"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1974"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Clark, Carolyn M., 1974"],"text":["Clark, Carolyn M., 1974","Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006","Writings by others","/repositories/2/archival_objects/29136","box 48","folder 18"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62","5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62_aspace_60421e776c845bf7cd0dc7e916c56d99"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006","Writings by others"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006","Writings by others"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/2/archival_objects/29136"],"repository_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":1119,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The Niara Sudarkasa Collection is open for research."],"date_range_isim":[1974],"containers_ssim":["box 48","folder 18"],"_nest_path_":"/components#4/components#268","_nest_parent_":"5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62_aspace_60421e776c845bf7cd0dc7e916c56d99","_root_":"5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62","timestamp":"2026-04-21T02:08:51.248Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62","title_filing_ssi":"Sudarkasa, Niara Collection","title_ssm":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection"],"title_tesim":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection"],"ead_ssi":"5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62","unitdate_ssm":["1934-2006"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1934-2006"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["AARLCC.2006.4","/repositories/2/resources/51"],"text":["AARLCC.2006.4","/repositories/2/resources/51","Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006","Bahamian Americans","Correspondence","Photographs","plaques (flat objects)","Periodicals","The Niara Sudarkasa Collection is open for research.","View a selection of digitized materials from the Niara Sudarkasa Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives.","Niara Sudarkasa, born Gloria Albertha Marshall to a Bahamian immigrant family on August 14, 1938, in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, demonstrated exceptional academic promise from an early age. She graduated from Dillard High School at just 14 years old and, at 15, entered Fisk University on a Ford Foundation scholarship to study English. Her intellectual journey deepened at Oberlin College, where exposure to courses on the African diaspora inspired her to change her major to Sociology-Anthropology, earning her bachelor's degree in 1957.","Gloria enrolled at Columbia University in New York, where she pursued graduate studies in Anthropology. She earned both her Master's (1959) and Ph.D. degrees in (1964), becoming the first African American woman to teach at Columbia University. Following the completion of her doctorate, Dr. Sudarkasa was appointed assistant professor of anthropology at New York University (1970-1976), again marking a historic first for an African American woman. ","Gloria Albertha Marshall adopted the name Niara Sudarkasa to reflect her evolving identity as a cultural bridge between African Americans and continental Africans. Her name change marked a deepening commitment to diasporic connection and cultural reclamation.\nAt the University of Michigan, Dr. Sudarkasa continued to break barriers, becoming the first African American faculty member in the Department of Anthropology. From 1978 to 1981, she served as Associate Director of the Center for Afro-American and African Studies, advancing scholarship and institutional support for African diaspora research.","In 1986, she became the first female president of Lincoln University in Pennsylvania, a role she held until 1998. Her scholarship increasingly centered on the lives of women in West Africa and the enduring strength of the Black family. Her work in Nigeria earned her recognition from the royal court: in 2001, His Royal Majesty Aláyélúwà Ọba Ọkúnadé Sijuwade Olúbùsẹ II of the Royal Court of Ifẹ́ conferred upon her the chieftaincy title Yèyé Olókun Ìgbàdérò. She was the first African American to receive this honor from the Ifẹ́ Kingdom.","Following her retirement from higher education, Dr. Sudarkasa returned to her hometown of Fort Lauderdale, Florida, where she became the first scholar-in-residence at the newly opened African American Research Library and Cultural Center in 2002.\nDr. Sudarkasa was married to John L. Clark and was the mother of Michael Sudarkasa. She passed away on May 31, 2019, at the age of 80, leaving behind a legacy of scholarship, leadership, and cultural stewardship.","The Niara Sudarkasa Collection received container level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection. ","Parts of the collection have received file level processing. From January 2022 to May 2024, FIU interns, Emmanuel George, and Dominique St. Victor processed \"Series I. Correspondence\" and \"Series III. Professional Papers, Sub-series 1. Writings by Niara Sudarkasa and Sub-series 2. Writings by Others\" as part of the WPHL-FIU Community Data Curation grant.","The Niara Sudarkasa Collection documents the career of anthropologist, Africanist, professor, and university president Dr. Niara Sudarkasa. The collection contains correspondence, scholarly writings, publications, research files, audio visual materials, awards, and business papers dating from 1934 to 2006. The collection also includes Dr. Sudarka's personal library of more than 2,500 books, journals, and pamphlets. The collection highlights Dr. Sudarkasa's professional achievements including becoming the first woman president of Lincoln University in Pennsylvania and first Black faculty member of the Anthropology Department at the University of Michigan. Her papers are a unique resource on Yoruba language and culture, ethnic groups in higher education, and the Black Power Movement in the United States. They also document her work to strengthen international programs at Lincoln and the University of Michigan.","Books from this collection were cataloged in the Broward County Library catalog with the prefix \"SUD\".","AARLCC Special Collections","University of Michigan. Department of Anthropology","Lincoln University (Pa.)","Sudarkasa, Niara","English"],"unitid_tesim":["AARLCC.2006.4","/repositories/2/resources/51"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1934-2006"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006"],"collection_title_tesim":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006"],"collection_ssim":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006"],"repository_ssm":["AARLCC Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections"],"creator_ssm":["Sudarkasa, Niara"],"creator_ssim":["Sudarkasa, Niara"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Sudarkasa, Niara"],"creators_ssim":["Sudarkasa, Niara"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Dr. Niara Sudarkasa donated the materials to the AARLCC Special Collections on October 17, 2006 (Accession AARLCC-2006.4)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Bahamian Americans","Correspondence","Photographs","plaques (flat objects)","Periodicals"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Bahamian Americans","Correspondence","Photographs","plaques (flat objects)","Periodicals"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["400 Hollinger Boxes","410 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["400 Hollinger Boxes","410 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Photographs","plaques (flat objects)","Periodicals"],"date_range_isim":[1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Niara Sudarkasa Collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The Niara Sudarkasa Collection is open for research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://digitalarchives.broward.org/digital/collection/nsb\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eView a selection of digitized materials from the Niara Sudarkasa Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Digitized Materials"],"altformavail_tesim":["View a selection of digitized materials from the Niara Sudarkasa Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNiara Sudarkasa, born Gloria Albertha Marshall to a Bahamian immigrant family on August 14, 1938, in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, demonstrated exceptional academic promise from an early age. She graduated from Dillard High School at just 14 years old and, at 15, entered Fisk University on a Ford Foundation scholarship to study English. Her intellectual journey deepened at Oberlin College, where exposure to courses on the African diaspora inspired her to change her major to Sociology-Anthropology, earning her bachelor's degree in 1957.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGloria enrolled at Columbia University in New York, where she pursued graduate studies in Anthropology. She earned both her Master's (1959) and Ph.D. degrees in (1964), becoming the first African American woman to teach at Columbia University. Following the completion of her doctorate, Dr. Sudarkasa was appointed assistant professor of anthropology at New York University (1970-1976), again marking a historic first for an African American woman. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGloria Albertha Marshall adopted the name Niara Sudarkasa to reflect her evolving identity as a cultural bridge between African Americans and continental Africans. Her name change marked a deepening commitment to diasporic connection and cultural reclamation.\nAt the University of Michigan, Dr. Sudarkasa continued to break barriers, becoming the first African American faculty member in the Department of Anthropology. From 1978 to 1981, she served as Associate Director of the Center for Afro-American and African Studies, advancing scholarship and institutional support for African diaspora research.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1986, she became the first female president of Lincoln University in Pennsylvania, a role she held until 1998. Her scholarship increasingly centered on the lives of women in West Africa and the enduring strength of the Black family. Her work in Nigeria earned her recognition from the royal court: in 2001, His Royal Majesty Al\u0026#xE1;y\u0026#xE9;l\u0026#xFA;w\u0026#xE0; \u0026#x1ECC;ba \u0026#x1ECC;k\u0026#xFA;nad\u0026#xE9; Sijuwade Ol\u0026#xFA;b\u0026#xF9;s\u0026#x1EB9; II of the Royal Court of If\u0026#x1EB9;\u0026#x301; conferred upon her the chieftaincy title Y\u0026#xE8;y\u0026#xE9; Ol\u0026#xF3;kun \u0026#xCC;gb\u0026#xE0;d\u0026#xE9;r\u0026#xF2;. She was the first African American to receive this honor from the If\u0026#x1EB9;\u0026#x301; Kingdom.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFollowing her retirement from higher education, Dr. Sudarkasa returned to her hometown of Fort Lauderdale, Florida, where she became the first scholar-in-residence at the newly opened African American Research Library and Cultural Center in 2002.\nDr. Sudarkasa was married to John L. Clark and was the mother of Michael Sudarkasa. She passed away on May 31, 2019, at the age of 80, leaving behind a legacy of scholarship, leadership, and cultural stewardship.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Niara Sudarkasa, born Gloria Albertha Marshall to a Bahamian immigrant family on August 14, 1938, in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, demonstrated exceptional academic promise from an early age. She graduated from Dillard High School at just 14 years old and, at 15, entered Fisk University on a Ford Foundation scholarship to study English. Her intellectual journey deepened at Oberlin College, where exposure to courses on the African diaspora inspired her to change her major to Sociology-Anthropology, earning her bachelor's degree in 1957.","Gloria enrolled at Columbia University in New York, where she pursued graduate studies in Anthropology. She earned both her Master's (1959) and Ph.D. degrees in (1964), becoming the first African American woman to teach at Columbia University. Following the completion of her doctorate, Dr. Sudarkasa was appointed assistant professor of anthropology at New York University (1970-1976), again marking a historic first for an African American woman. ","Gloria Albertha Marshall adopted the name Niara Sudarkasa to reflect her evolving identity as a cultural bridge between African Americans and continental Africans. Her name change marked a deepening commitment to diasporic connection and cultural reclamation.\nAt the University of Michigan, Dr. Sudarkasa continued to break barriers, becoming the first African American faculty member in the Department of Anthropology. From 1978 to 1981, she served as Associate Director of the Center for Afro-American and African Studies, advancing scholarship and institutional support for African diaspora research.","In 1986, she became the first female president of Lincoln University in Pennsylvania, a role she held until 1998. Her scholarship increasingly centered on the lives of women in West Africa and the enduring strength of the Black family. Her work in Nigeria earned her recognition from the royal court: in 2001, His Royal Majesty Aláyélúwà Ọba Ọkúnadé Sijuwade Olúbùsẹ II of the Royal Court of Ifẹ́ conferred upon her the chieftaincy title Yèyé Olókun Ìgbàdérò. She was the first African American to receive this honor from the Ifẹ́ Kingdom.","Following her retirement from higher education, Dr. Sudarkasa returned to her hometown of Fort Lauderdale, Florida, where she became the first scholar-in-residence at the newly opened African American Research Library and Cultural Center in 2002.\nDr. Sudarkasa was married to John L. Clark and was the mother of Michael Sudarkasa. She passed away on May 31, 2019, at the age of 80, leaving behind a legacy of scholarship, leadership, and cultural stewardship."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNiara Sudarkasa Collection, African American Research Library and Cultural Center Special Collections, Broward County Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection, African American Research Library and Cultural Center Special Collections, Broward County Library."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Niara Sudarkasa Collection received container level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParts of the collection have received file level processing. From January 2022 to May 2024, FIU interns, Emmanuel George, and Dominique St. Victor processed \"Series I. Correspondence\" and \"Series III. Professional Papers, Sub-series 1. Writings by Niara Sudarkasa and Sub-series 2. Writings by Others\" as part of the WPHL-FIU Community Data Curation grant.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The Niara Sudarkasa Collection received container level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection. ","Parts of the collection have received file level processing. From January 2022 to May 2024, FIU interns, Emmanuel George, and Dominique St. Victor processed \"Series I. Correspondence\" and \"Series III. Professional Papers, Sub-series 1. Writings by Niara Sudarkasa and Sub-series 2. Writings by Others\" as part of the WPHL-FIU Community Data Curation grant."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Niara Sudarkasa Collection documents the career of anthropologist, Africanist, professor, and university president Dr. Niara Sudarkasa. The collection contains correspondence, scholarly writings, publications, research files, audio visual materials, awards, and business papers dating from 1934 to 2006. The collection also includes Dr. Sudarka's personal library of more than 2,500 books, journals, and pamphlets. The collection highlights Dr. Sudarkasa's professional achievements including becoming the first woman president of Lincoln University in Pennsylvania and first Black faculty member of the Anthropology Department at the University of Michigan. Her papers are a unique resource on Yoruba language and culture, ethnic groups in higher education, and the Black Power Movement in the United States. They also document her work to strengthen international programs at Lincoln and the University of Michigan.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Niara Sudarkasa Collection documents the career of anthropologist, Africanist, professor, and university president Dr. Niara Sudarkasa. The collection contains correspondence, scholarly writings, publications, research files, audio visual materials, awards, and business papers dating from 1934 to 2006. The collection also includes Dr. Sudarka's personal library of more than 2,500 books, journals, and pamphlets. The collection highlights Dr. Sudarkasa's professional achievements including becoming the first woman president of Lincoln University in Pennsylvania and first Black faculty member of the Anthropology Department at the University of Michigan. Her papers are a unique resource on Yoruba language and culture, ethnic groups in higher education, and the Black Power Movement in the United States. They also document her work to strengthen international programs at Lincoln and the University of Michigan."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://broward.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/results?qu=SUD\u0026amp;qf=LOCATION%09Shelf+Location%091%3AAF-SPC%09AARLCC+Special+Collections\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBooks from this collection were cataloged in the Broward County Library catalog with the prefix \"SUD\".\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Access the Books"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Books from this collection were cataloged in the Broward County Library catalog with the prefix \"SUD\"."],"names_coll_ssim":["University of Michigan. Department of Anthropology","Lincoln University (Pa.)"],"names_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections","University of Michigan. Department of Anthropology","Lincoln University (Pa.)","Sudarkasa, Niara"],"corpname_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections","University of Michigan. Department of Anthropology","Lincoln University (Pa.)"],"persname_ssim":["Sudarkasa, Niara"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":2760,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62","timestamp":"2026-04-21T02:08:51.248Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62_aspace_0b67ce34d62b6d548788618679d59446"}},{"id":"1d5e7fdf6af1935d8a10c98f","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Clarke Family Papers Collection, 1840-1998, bulk 1841-1916","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/1d5e7fdf6af1935d8a10c98f#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eThe majority of correspondence dates from 1841 to 1916.  Other miscellaneous documents date through 1970. These letters and postcards represent leisure and business correspondence to and from the Clarkes and reflect concerns, beliefs and opinions of ordinary men and women of the nineteenth and early twentieth century. The photos within this collection date from the 1840s and include various methods of processing illustrative of the evolution of photographic procedures.  The majority of the photos are in carte de visite format.  Also included in the collection are cabinet mounted photos and Kodak box camera snapshots.  Additionally, photos taken in the 1970s depict the Clarke's ancestral home, Patmore Manor in Bishop Stortford, England. The transcription of an oral history interview conducted in 1998 with Alice B. Wilkes is also included.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/1d5e7fdf6af1935d8a10c98f#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"1d5e7fdf6af1935d8a10c98f","title_ssm":["Clarke Family Papers Collection"],"title_tesim":["Clarke Family Papers Collection"],"ead_ssi":"1d5e7fdf6af1935d8a10c98f","unitdate_ssm":["1840-1998","1841-1916"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1841-1916"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1840-1998"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SPC00001","/repositories/2/resources/44"],"text":["SPC00001","/repositories/2/resources/44","Clarke Family Papers Collection, 1840-1998, bulk 1841-1916","Collections are available for supervised use in the Special Collections reading room during regular hours or by appointment. Users are required to complete a registration form and to comply with regulations governing use. Research assistance may be available but please email or phone first to set up an appointment.","The majority of correspondence dates from 1841 to 1916.  Other miscellaneous documents date through 1970. These letters and postcards represent leisure and business correspondence to and from the Clarkes and reflect concerns, beliefs and opinions of ordinary men and women of the nineteenth and early twentieth century. The photos within this collection date from the 1840s and include various methods of processing illustrative of the evolution of photographic procedures.  The majority of the photos are in carte de visite format.  Also included in the collection are cabinet mounted photos and Kodak box camera snapshots.  Additionally, photos taken in the 1970s depict the Clarke's ancestral home, Patmore Manor in Bishop Stortford, England. The transcription of an oral history interview conducted in 1998 with Alice B. Wilkes is also included.","Materials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. Any subsequent use of a reproduction in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement.","When using electronic copies or images, please keep in mind that copyright law applies. It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder.","Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact  Special Collections .","Florida Atlantic University Libraries","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SPC00001","/repositories/2/resources/44"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1840-1998, bulk 1841-1916"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Clarke Family Papers Collection, 1840-1998, bulk 1841-1916"],"collection_title_tesim":["Clarke Family Papers Collection, 1840-1998, bulk 1841-1916"],"collection_ssim":["Clarke Family Papers Collection, 1840-1998, bulk 1841-1916"],"repository_ssm":["Florida Atlantic University Libraries"],"repository_ssim":["Florida Atlantic University Libraries"],"access_terms_ssm":["Materials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. Any subsequent use of a reproduction in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement.","When using electronic copies or images, please keep in mind that copyright law applies. It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder.","Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact  Special Collections ."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["9.00 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["9.00 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollections are available for supervised use in the Special Collections reading room during regular hours or by appointment. Users are required to complete a registration form and to comply with regulations governing use. Research assistance may be available but please email or phone first to set up an appointment.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collections are available for supervised use in the Special Collections reading room during regular hours or by appointment. Users are required to complete a registration form and to comply with regulations governing use. Research assistance may be available but please email or phone first to set up an appointment."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection Title including series, if any; Box and item number; Special Collections; Florida Atlantic University Libraries, Boca Raton, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Collection Title including series, if any; Box and item number; Special Collections; Florida Atlantic University Libraries, Boca Raton, Florida."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe majority of correspondence dates from 1841 to 1916.\u0026#xA0; Other miscellaneous documents date through 1970. These letters and postcards represent leisure and business correspondence to and from the Clarkes and reflect concerns, beliefs and opinions of ordinary men and women of the nineteenth and early twentieth century. The photos within this collection date from the 1840s and include various methods of processing illustrative of the evolution of photographic procedures.\u0026#xA0; The majority of the photos are in carte de visite format.\u0026#xA0; Also included in the collection are cabinet mounted photos and Kodak box camera snapshots.\u0026#xA0; Additionally, photos taken in the 1970s depict the Clarke's ancestral home, Patmore Manor in Bishop Stortford, England. The transcription of an oral history interview conducted in 1998 with Alice B. Wilkes is also included.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The majority of correspondence dates from 1841 to 1916.  Other miscellaneous documents date through 1970. These letters and postcards represent leisure and business correspondence to and from the Clarkes and reflect concerns, beliefs and opinions of ordinary men and women of the nineteenth and early twentieth century. The photos within this collection date from the 1840s and include various methods of processing illustrative of the evolution of photographic procedures.  The majority of the photos are in carte de visite format.  Also included in the collection are cabinet mounted photos and Kodak box camera snapshots.  Additionally, photos taken in the 1970s depict the Clarke's ancestral home, Patmore Manor in Bishop Stortford, England. The transcription of an oral history interview conducted in 1998 with Alice B. Wilkes is also included."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. Any subsequent use of a reproduction in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhen using electronic copies or images, please keep in mind that copyright law applies. It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eShould the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact \u003ca href=\"mailto:lysca@fau.edu\"\u003eSpecial Collections\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. Any subsequent use of a reproduction in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement.","When using electronic copies or images, please keep in mind that copyright law applies. It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder.","Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact  Special Collections ."],"names_ssim":["Florida Atlantic University Libraries"],"corpname_ssim":["Florida Atlantic University Libraries"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":735,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870841995094654976,"_root_":"1d5e7fdf6af1935d8a10c98f","timestamp":"2026-07-16T03:52:40.678Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"1d5e7fdf6af1935d8a10c98f","title_ssm":["Clarke Family Papers Collection"],"title_tesim":["Clarke Family Papers Collection"],"ead_ssi":"1d5e7fdf6af1935d8a10c98f","unitdate_ssm":["1840-1998","1841-1916"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1841-1916"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1840-1998"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SPC00001","/repositories/2/resources/44"],"text":["SPC00001","/repositories/2/resources/44","Clarke Family Papers Collection, 1840-1998, bulk 1841-1916","Collections are available for supervised use in the Special Collections reading room during regular hours or by appointment. Users are required to complete a registration form and to comply with regulations governing use. Research assistance may be available but please email or phone first to set up an appointment.","The majority of correspondence dates from 1841 to 1916.  Other miscellaneous documents date through 1970. These letters and postcards represent leisure and business correspondence to and from the Clarkes and reflect concerns, beliefs and opinions of ordinary men and women of the nineteenth and early twentieth century. The photos within this collection date from the 1840s and include various methods of processing illustrative of the evolution of photographic procedures.  The majority of the photos are in carte de visite format.  Also included in the collection are cabinet mounted photos and Kodak box camera snapshots.  Additionally, photos taken in the 1970s depict the Clarke's ancestral home, Patmore Manor in Bishop Stortford, England. The transcription of an oral history interview conducted in 1998 with Alice B. Wilkes is also included.","Materials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. Any subsequent use of a reproduction in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement.","When using electronic copies or images, please keep in mind that copyright law applies. It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder.","Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact  Special Collections .","Florida Atlantic University Libraries","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SPC00001","/repositories/2/resources/44"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1840-1998, bulk 1841-1916"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Clarke Family Papers Collection, 1840-1998, bulk 1841-1916"],"collection_title_tesim":["Clarke Family Papers Collection, 1840-1998, bulk 1841-1916"],"collection_ssim":["Clarke Family Papers Collection, 1840-1998, bulk 1841-1916"],"repository_ssm":["Florida Atlantic University Libraries"],"repository_ssim":["Florida Atlantic University Libraries"],"access_terms_ssm":["Materials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. Any subsequent use of a reproduction in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement.","When using electronic copies or images, please keep in mind that copyright law applies. It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder.","Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact  Special Collections ."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["9.00 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["9.00 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollections are available for supervised use in the Special Collections reading room during regular hours or by appointment. Users are required to complete a registration form and to comply with regulations governing use. Research assistance may be available but please email or phone first to set up an appointment.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collections are available for supervised use in the Special Collections reading room during regular hours or by appointment. Users are required to complete a registration form and to comply with regulations governing use. Research assistance may be available but please email or phone first to set up an appointment."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection Title including series, if any; Box and item number; Special Collections; Florida Atlantic University Libraries, Boca Raton, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Collection Title including series, if any; Box and item number; Special Collections; Florida Atlantic University Libraries, Boca Raton, Florida."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe majority of correspondence dates from 1841 to 1916.\u0026#xA0; Other miscellaneous documents date through 1970. These letters and postcards represent leisure and business correspondence to and from the Clarkes and reflect concerns, beliefs and opinions of ordinary men and women of the nineteenth and early twentieth century. The photos within this collection date from the 1840s and include various methods of processing illustrative of the evolution of photographic procedures.\u0026#xA0; The majority of the photos are in carte de visite format.\u0026#xA0; Also included in the collection are cabinet mounted photos and Kodak box camera snapshots.\u0026#xA0; Additionally, photos taken in the 1970s depict the Clarke's ancestral home, Patmore Manor in Bishop Stortford, England. The transcription of an oral history interview conducted in 1998 with Alice B. Wilkes is also included.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The majority of correspondence dates from 1841 to 1916.  Other miscellaneous documents date through 1970. These letters and postcards represent leisure and business correspondence to and from the Clarkes and reflect concerns, beliefs and opinions of ordinary men and women of the nineteenth and early twentieth century. The photos within this collection date from the 1840s and include various methods of processing illustrative of the evolution of photographic procedures.  The majority of the photos are in carte de visite format.  Also included in the collection are cabinet mounted photos and Kodak box camera snapshots.  Additionally, photos taken in the 1970s depict the Clarke's ancestral home, Patmore Manor in Bishop Stortford, England. The transcription of an oral history interview conducted in 1998 with Alice B. Wilkes is also included."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. Any subsequent use of a reproduction in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhen using electronic copies or images, please keep in mind that copyright law applies. It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eShould the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact \u003ca href=\"mailto:lysca@fau.edu\"\u003eSpecial Collections\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. Any subsequent use of a reproduction in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement.","When using electronic copies or images, please keep in mind that copyright law applies. It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder.","Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact  Special Collections ."],"names_ssim":["Florida Atlantic University Libraries"],"corpname_ssim":["Florida Atlantic University Libraries"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":735,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870841995094654976,"_root_":"1d5e7fdf6af1935d8a10c98f","timestamp":"2026-07-16T03:52:40.678Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/1d5e7fdf6af1935d8a10c98f"}},{"id":"6c35a4c2e4d993bf54a36dbf","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Clarke M. Brandt collection, 1939-2003, Date acquired: 10/29/2002, bulk 1943","creator":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/6c35a4c2e4d993bf54a36dbf#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["Brandt, Clarke M."],"label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/6c35a4c2e4d993bf54a36dbf#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection of Clarke M. Brandt contains an oral history transcript and various publications about army life during World War II. In it are examples such as George (Bob) Caron who was a tail gunner on the \"Enola Gay\" B-29 Bomber. The oral history includes Caron's eyewitness account of the bomb being dropped on Hiroshima. 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Brandt collection, 1939-2003, Date acquired: 10/29/2002, bulk 1943","Hiroshima-shi (Japan)--History--Bombardment, 1945","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Pacific Ocean","World War, 1939-1945--Pacific Area","Air pilots, Military--United States","Air defenses--United States","Airplanes, Military--United States--History","United States. Air Force--History","United States. Army Air Forces--Military life","United States. Marine Corps--History--20th century","United States. Marine Corps--Military life","Dogs--War use","Prisoners of war--Germany--History--20th century","Prisoners of war--Austria--History--20th century","France--History--German occupation, 1940-1945","B-17 bomber","Atomic bomb--Japan--History--20th century","Japan--History, Military","Japan--History--1945-","Japan--History--Allied occupation, 1945-1952","World War, 1939-1945--Japan","World War, 1939-1945--Japan--Surrender","United States. Army--History","United States. Army--Military life","Bombing, Aerial--Japan","Prisoners of war--United States","World War, 1939-1945--Pacific Ocean-- Naval operations, American","This collection is open to all researchers.","Creator","Clarke M. Brandt was born on September 21, 1932, in Council Bluffs, Iowa.  He lived in several southwestern Iowa towns during his early years.  His father was a member of the U. S. Army Reserve and was called to active duty in 1940.  For the next nine years, Brandt followed his father from army duty station to duty station.  He received a Bachelor of Science degree in Biology from New Mexico Military Institute, Roswell, New Mexico.","Brandt was commissioned a second lieutenant in the U. S. Army on June 2, 1953.  He spent the next 28 years in the Army which included tours in Alaska, Korea, Vietnam, and West Germany.  He was awarded the Combat Medical Badge in Vietnam.  In 1972, the Army sent him to the University of Northern Colorado to obtain a master's degree in education.  He retired from active military duty on May 1, 1981, at which time he was awarded the Legion of Merit.  Since his retirement, he has been a full-time instructor at the Army Education Center, Fitzsimons Army Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado.","Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022.","The collection of Clarke M. Brandt contains an oral history transcript and various publications about army life during World War II. In it are examples such as George (Bob) Caron who was a tail gunner on the \"Enola Gay\" B-29 Bomber. The oral history includes Caron's eyewitness account of the bomb being dropped on Hiroshima. Also included are pamphlets and newsletters including \"War Buddies,\" which covers the relationship between a soldier and his canine companion through his years as a member of the US Marine Corps. \"War Buddies\" is written by Earle Welch and Dick Roberts.","All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.","FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","United States. Air Force","United States. Army Air Forces","United States. Marine Corps","United States. Army Air Forces. Air Force, 8th","United States. Army. 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Brandt was born on September 21, 1932, in Council Bluffs, Iowa.\u0026#xA0; He lived in several southwestern Iowa towns during his early years.\u0026#xA0; His father was a member of the U. S. Army Reserve and was called to active duty in 1940.\u0026#xA0; For the next nine years, Brandt followed his father from army duty station to duty station.\u0026#xA0; He received a Bachelor of Science degree in Biology from New Mexico Military Institute, Roswell, New Mexico.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBrandt was commissioned a second lieutenant in the U. S. Army on June 2, 1953.\u0026#xA0; He spent the next 28 years in the Army which included tours in Alaska, Korea, Vietnam, and West Germany.\u0026#xA0; He was awarded the Combat Medical Badge in Vietnam.\u0026#xA0; In 1972, the Army sent him to the University of Northern Colorado to obtain a master's degree in education.\u0026#xA0; He retired from active military duty on May 1, 1981, at which time he was awarded the Legion of Merit.\u0026#xA0; Since his retirement, he has been a full-time instructor at the Army Education Center, Fitzsimons Army Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Clarke M. Brandt was born on September 21, 1932, in Council Bluffs, Iowa.  He lived in several southwestern Iowa towns during his early years.  His father was a member of the U. S. 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Army on June 2, 1953.  He spent the next 28 years in the Army which included tours in Alaska, Korea, Vietnam, and West Germany.  He was awarded the Combat Medical Badge in Vietnam.  In 1972, the Army sent him to the University of Northern Colorado to obtain a master's degree in education.  He retired from active military duty on May 1, 1981, at which time he was awarded the Legion of Merit.  Since his retirement, he has been a full-time instructor at the Army Education Center, Fitzsimons Army Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTransferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives in July 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], Clarke M. Brandt collection, Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_02_0458\"\u003ehttp://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_02_0458\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], Clarke M. Brandt collection, Special Collections \u0026 Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida.  http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_02_0458 ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection of Clarke M. Brandt contains an oral history transcript and various publications about army life during World War II. In it are examples such as George (Bob) Caron who was a tail gunner on the \"Enola Gay\" B-29 Bomber. The oral history includes Caron's eyewitness account of the bomb being dropped on Hiroshima. Also included are pamphlets and newsletters including \"War Buddies,\" which covers the relationship between a soldier and his canine companion through his years as a member of the US Marine Corps. \"War Buddies\" is written by Earle Welch and Dick Roberts.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection of Clarke M. Brandt contains an oral history transcript and various publications about army life during World War II. In it are examples such as George (Bob) Caron who was a tail gunner on the \"Enola Gay\" B-29 Bomber. The oral history includes Caron's eyewitness account of the bomb being dropped on Hiroshima. Also included are pamphlets and newsletters including \"War Buddies,\" which covers the relationship between a soldier and his canine companion through his years as a member of the US Marine Corps. \"War Buddies\" is written by Earle Welch and Dick Roberts."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Air Force","United States. Army Air Forces","United States. Marine Corps","United States. Army Air Forces. Air Force, 8th","United States. Army. European Theater of Operations","United States. Army. Cavalry Division, 1st"],"names_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","United States. Air Force","United States. Army Air Forces","United States. Marine Corps","United States. Army Air Forces. Air Force, 8th","United States. Army. European Theater of Operations","United States. Army. Cavalry Division, 1st","Brandt, Clarke M."],"corpname_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","United States. Air Force","United States. Army Air Forces","United States. Marine Corps","United States. Army Air Forces. Air Force, 8th","United States. Army. European Theater of Operations","United States. Army. 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Brandt collection, 1939-2003, Date acquired: 10/29/2002, bulk 1943","Hiroshima-shi (Japan)--History--Bombardment, 1945","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Pacific Ocean","World War, 1939-1945--Pacific Area","Air pilots, Military--United States","Air defenses--United States","Airplanes, Military--United States--History","United States. Air Force--History","United States. Army Air Forces--Military life","United States. Marine Corps--History--20th century","United States. Marine Corps--Military life","Dogs--War use","Prisoners of war--Germany--History--20th century","Prisoners of war--Austria--History--20th century","France--History--German occupation, 1940-1945","B-17 bomber","Atomic bomb--Japan--History--20th century","Japan--History, Military","Japan--History--1945-","Japan--History--Allied occupation, 1945-1952","World War, 1939-1945--Japan","World War, 1939-1945--Japan--Surrender","United States. Army--History","United States. Army--Military life","Bombing, Aerial--Japan","Prisoners of war--United States","World War, 1939-1945--Pacific Ocean-- Naval operations, American","This collection is open to all researchers.","Creator","Clarke M. Brandt was born on September 21, 1932, in Council Bluffs, Iowa.  He lived in several southwestern Iowa towns during his early years.  His father was a member of the U. S. Army Reserve and was called to active duty in 1940.  For the next nine years, Brandt followed his father from army duty station to duty station.  He received a Bachelor of Science degree in Biology from New Mexico Military Institute, Roswell, New Mexico.","Brandt was commissioned a second lieutenant in the U. S. Army on June 2, 1953.  He spent the next 28 years in the Army which included tours in Alaska, Korea, Vietnam, and West Germany.  He was awarded the Combat Medical Badge in Vietnam.  In 1972, the Army sent him to the University of Northern Colorado to obtain a master's degree in education.  He retired from active military duty on May 1, 1981, at which time he was awarded the Legion of Merit.  Since his retirement, he has been a full-time instructor at the Army Education Center, Fitzsimons Army Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado.","Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022.","The collection of Clarke M. Brandt contains an oral history transcript and various publications about army life during World War II. In it are examples such as George (Bob) Caron who was a tail gunner on the \"Enola Gay\" B-29 Bomber. The oral history includes Caron's eyewitness account of the bomb being dropped on Hiroshima. Also included are pamphlets and newsletters including \"War Buddies,\" which covers the relationship between a soldier and his canine companion through his years as a member of the US Marine Corps. \"War Buddies\" is written by Earle Welch and Dick Roberts.","All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.","FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","United States. Air Force","United States. Army Air Forces","United States. Marine Corps","United States. Army Air Forces. Air Force, 8th","United States. Army. 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Army--Military life","Bombing, Aerial--Japan","Prisoners of war--United States","World War, 1939-1945--Pacific Ocean-- Naval operations, American"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Hiroshima-shi (Japan)--History--Bombardment, 1945","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Pacific Ocean","World War, 1939-1945--Pacific Area","Air pilots, Military--United States","Air defenses--United States","Airplanes, Military--United States--History","United States. Air Force--History","United States. Army Air Forces--Military life","United States. Marine Corps--History--20th century","United States. 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