{"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026page=2\u0026view=list","prev":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026page=1\u0026view=list","next":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026page=3\u0026view=list","last":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026page=510\u0026view=list"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":2,"next_page":3,"prev_page":1,"total_pages":510,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":10,"total_count":5100,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"d04006962be01fcf34459830","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"27th Troop Carrier Squadron Foundation papers, 1942-2002, Date acquired: 05/18/2002, bulk 1948-1982","creator":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/d04006962be01fcf34459830#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["Blair, Harry A."],"label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/d04006962be01fcf34459830#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection related to the 27th Troop Carrier Squadron includes a manuscript that consists of memoirs entitled \"Freedom Rings,\" which were gathered from members of the Army's 27th Troop Carrier Squadron about their time in the China-Burma-India (CBI) Theater. The squadron was in the CBI Theater from 1942-1945. The squadron was involved in many Office of Strategic Services (OSS) and SACO (Sino-American-Cooperative-Organization) operations, including rescues and liberations of P.O.W.'s. The collection includes their veteran's association magazine/newsletters as well.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/d04006962be01fcf34459830#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"d04006962be01fcf34459830","title_filing_ssi":"27th Troop Carrier Squadron Foundation papers","title_ssm":["27th Troop Carrier Squadron Foundation papers"],"title_tesim":["27th Troop Carrier Squadron Foundation papers"],"ead_ssi":"d04006962be01fcf34459830","unitdate_ssm":["1942-2002","1948-1982","Date acquired: 05/18/2002"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1948-1982"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1942-2002"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 05/18/2002"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["00.0241","/repositories/10/resources/228"],"text":["00.0241","/repositories/10/resources/228","27th Troop Carrier Squadron Foundation papers, 1942-2002, Date acquired: 05/18/2002, bulk 1948-1982","World War, 1939-1945--China","United States--Foreign relations--China","World War, 1939-1945--India","China--Foreign relations--United States","World War, 1939-1945--Burma","China--History--1937-1945","This collection is open to all researchers.","The 27th Troop Carrier Squadron was constituted as the Twenty-Seventh Transport Squadron on 19 January 1942, activated at Daniel Field, Augusta, Georgia 1 February 1942, re-designated as the Twenty Seventy Troop Carrier Squadron 2 July 1942 and deactivated in China 27 December 1945.\n In a rare general order, the Army Air Force Combat Command created the Eighty-Ninth Transport Group consisting of five squadrons while normal policy called for a group to consist of four. The 27th life with the Eighty-Ninth was short lived as the squadron was transferred out and sent on through most of its glorious career as a unique singular unit carrying out missions never before assigned in such broad scope to any unit of the Troop Carrier Command.\n Its early responsibilities were that as a training unit for squadrons and personnel with graduates going on to all corners of the earth carrying out their assignment with high valor to advance the efforts to rid the world of the Axis and Japanese aggressors. The squadron earned the honor of being rated the number one training unit in the First Troop Carrier Command. Twice alerted for overseas duty the orders were aborted by High Command in Washington with the reasoning being that it was far too valuable as a training unit here in the United States.\n In late 1943 Japan invaded India with the British and Indian forces having a most difficult time of it. Allied forces submitted an urgent request to High Command requesting the 27th's assignment to the theater due to its outstanding record of night flying in all types of weather and over all terrains. The squadron had been assigned to the Tactical Air Command on 29 November only to once again see orders aborted by High Command on the 30th with new cut sending the unit overseas immediately. A change in Commanders was made on the 6th December and additional personnel brought in to bring the squadron up to full strength. Its air echelon flew to Baer Field, Fort Wayne, Indiana to accept thirteen new Douglas C-47 aircraft then on to Morrison Field, Florida where a fourteenth aircraft and crew joined the flight. The formation departed Florida on 25 December 1943, flying the southern Atlantic route, for assignment to the China-Burma-India theater arriving in Karachi, India on 10 January 1944.\n Assigned to the South East Command, under the command of Vice Admiral Lord Louis Mountbatten, the unit flew on to Sylhet, Assam, India and immediately began flying combat mission around the clock, over and behind enemy lines, giving assistance to the surrounded forces - often landing on grass strips behind the lives to evacuate wounded personnel.\n The ground echelon departed the United States on 13 January 1944 joining the operation on 28 March.\n With the defeat of the Japanese at Imphal, India the squadron immediately began flying support to help rid North Burma of enemy control. From North East India, General Stilwell (with Chinese Forces) and Major General Orde Wingate (with his beloved \"Chindits\") entered Burma with two columns each driving to the South and South/East. This was followed by the famed \"Merrill's Marauders\" (Amercian Forces) entering the country at the same point driving towards the industrial and rail center of Myitkyina.\n In August 1943, at the \"Quadrant Conference\" in Quebec, Canada, President Roosevelt, Prime Minister Churchill and Marshal Stalin gave a green light to General Orde Wingate and his dream of a long-range penetration invasion behind enemy lines with the entire operation, including the furnishing of supplies and removal of wounded, being carried out from the air. The maneuver was to be used in the invasion of Burma from central East India. The 27th was assigned, along with the First Air Commandos, to partake in this invasion entitled \"Operation Thursday\". The flights, towing at times two gliders each, into the mountains were made in the middle of the night in extreme weather. The invasion called for airstrips, often surrounded by Japanese forces, to be established in the middle of the jungles to facilitate air support short landings.\n The taking of Myitkyina by the allied forces saw the 27th transferred to the Fourteenth Air Force \"Flying Tigers\" in China under the direct command of Major General Claire Chennault. The squadron at once partook in the \"Salween Campaign\" - the invasion of Burma from West China.\n With the opening of North Bruma by the Allied forces, the squadron turned its efforts to the Eastern China offensive operations. During this period of history, it gave support to the O.S.S. (forerunner of the C.I.A.) and \"Saco\" in their guerrilla activities at and behind enemy lines in addition to guerrilla units in French Indo China. The later was a secret endeavor with much action kept from the press and the public. The squadron evacuated Admiral MIles, Commander of \"Saco\", from a small grass strip behind enemy lives in Manchuria giving him freedom after over three years in five Japanese prison camps.\nIn the final days of the war in ChIna, the squadron was directly under the operational orders of the O.S.S. through the Headquarters Command of the Tenth Air Force flying covert and search missions behind enemy lines in Manchuria, China, and French Indo China.\n During its glorious career, the 27th flew 6805 missions over the worse terrain in the world in the most vicious weather mother natural could dream up. On many occasions, personnel of the squadron served in the middle of battle as liaison with allied ground forces. The 27th Troop Carrier Squadron received 25 commendations from Theater Command as well as from Washington, D.C., Great Britain and Nationalist China. The personnel of the squadron is some of the most recognized of the war receiving 1271 decorations.\nNote written by Harry A. Blair","Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022.","This collection related to the 27th Troop Carrier Squadron includes a manuscript that consists of memoirs entitled \"Freedom Rings,\" which were gathered from members of the Army's 27th Troop Carrier Squadron about their time in the China-Burma-India (CBI) Theater. The squadron was in the CBI Theater from 1942-1945. The squadron was involved in many Office of Strategic Services (OSS) and SACO (Sino-American-Cooperative-Organization) operations, including rescues and liberations of P.O.W.'s. The collection includes their veteran's association magazine/newsletters as well.","All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.","FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","United States. Army Air Forces. Troop Carrier Squadron, 27th","Blair, Harry A.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["00.0241","/repositories/10/resources/228"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1942-2002, Date acquired: 05/18/2002, bulk 1948-1982"],"normalized_title_ssm":["27th Troop Carrier Squadron Foundation papers, 1942-2002, Date acquired: 05/18/2002, bulk 1948-1982"],"collection_title_tesim":["27th Troop Carrier Squadron Foundation papers, 1942-2002, Date acquired: 05/18/2002, bulk 1948-1982"],"collection_ssim":["27th Troop Carrier Squadron Foundation papers, 1942-2002, Date acquired: 05/18/2002, bulk 1948-1982"],"repository_ssm":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["World War, 1939-1945--China","United States--Foreign relations--China"],"geogname_ssim":["World War, 1939-1945--China","United States--Foreign relations--China"],"creator_ssm":["Blair, Harry A."],"creator_ssim":["Blair, Harry A."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Blair, Harry A."],"creators_ssim":["Blair, Harry A."],"places_ssim":["World War, 1939-1945--China","United States--Foreign relations--China"],"access_terms_ssm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Harry A. Blair","Donated"],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1939-1945--India","China--Foreign relations--United States","World War, 1939-1945--Burma","China--History--1937-1945"],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1939-1945--India","China--Foreign relations--United States","World War, 1939-1945--Burma","China--History--1937-1945"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to all researchers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to all researchers."],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The 27th Troop Carrier Squadron was constituted as the Twenty-Seventh Transport Squadron on 19 January 1942, activated at Daniel Field, Augusta, Georgia 1 February 1942, re-designated as the Twenty Seventy Troop Carrier Squadron 2 July 1942 and deactivated in China 27 December 1945.\n In a rare general order, the Army Air Force Combat Command created the Eighty-Ninth Transport Group consisting of five squadrons while normal policy called for a group to consist of four. The 27th life with the Eighty-Ninth was short lived as the squadron was transferred out and sent on through most of its glorious career as a unique singular unit carrying out missions never before assigned in such broad scope to any unit of the Troop Carrier Command.\n Its early responsibilities were that as a training unit for squadrons and personnel with graduates going on to all corners of the earth carrying out their assignment with high valor to advance the efforts to rid the world of the Axis and Japanese aggressors. The squadron earned the honor of being rated the number one training unit in the First Troop Carrier Command. Twice alerted for overseas duty the orders were aborted by High Command in Washington with the reasoning being that it was far too valuable as a training unit here in the United States.\n In late 1943 Japan invaded India with the British and Indian forces having a most difficult time of it. Allied forces submitted an urgent request to High Command requesting the 27th's assignment to the theater due to its outstanding record of night flying in all types of weather and over all terrains. The squadron had been assigned to the Tactical Air Command on 29 November only to once again see orders aborted by High Command on the 30th with new cut sending the unit overseas immediately. A change in Commanders was made on the 6th December and additional personnel brought in to bring the squadron up to full strength. Its air echelon flew to Baer Field, Fort Wayne, Indiana to accept thirteen new Douglas C-47 aircraft then on to Morrison Field, Florida where a fourteenth aircraft and crew joined the flight. The formation departed Florida on 25 December 1943, flying the southern Atlantic route, for assignment to the China-Burma-India theater arriving in Karachi, India on 10 January 1944.\n Assigned to the South East Command, under the command of Vice Admiral Lord Louis Mountbatten, the unit flew on to Sylhet, Assam, India and immediately began flying combat mission around the clock, over and behind enemy lines, giving assistance to the surrounded forces - often landing on grass strips behind the lives to evacuate wounded personnel.\n The ground echelon departed the United States on 13 January 1944 joining the operation on 28 March.\n With the defeat of the Japanese at Imphal, India the squadron immediately began flying support to help rid North Burma of enemy control. From North East India, General Stilwell (with Chinese Forces) and Major General Orde Wingate (with his beloved \"Chindits\") entered Burma with two columns each driving to the South and South/East. This was followed by the famed \"Merrill's Marauders\" (Amercian Forces) entering the country at the same point driving towards the industrial and rail center of Myitkyina.\n In August 1943, at the \"Quadrant Conference\" in Quebec, Canada, President Roosevelt, Prime Minister Churchill and Marshal Stalin gave a green light to General Orde Wingate and his dream of a long-range penetration invasion behind enemy lines with the entire operation, including the furnishing of supplies and removal of wounded, being carried out from the air. The maneuver was to be used in the invasion of Burma from central East India. The 27th was assigned, along with the First Air Commandos, to partake in this invasion entitled \"Operation Thursday\". The flights, towing at times two gliders each, into the mountains were made in the middle of the night in extreme weather. The invasion called for airstrips, often surrounded by Japanese forces, to be established in the middle of the jungles to facilitate air support short landings.\n The taking of Myitkyina by the allied forces saw the 27th transferred to the Fourteenth Air Force \"Flying Tigers\" in China under the direct command of Major General Claire Chennault. The squadron at once partook in the \"Salween Campaign\" - the invasion of Burma from West China.\n With the opening of North Bruma by the Allied forces, the squadron turned its efforts to the Eastern China offensive operations. During this period of history, it gave support to the O.S.S. (forerunner of the C.I.A.) and \"Saco\" in their guerrilla activities at and behind enemy lines in addition to guerrilla units in French Indo China. The later was a secret endeavor with much action kept from the press and the public. The squadron evacuated Admiral MIles, Commander of \"Saco\", from a small grass strip behind enemy lives in Manchuria giving him freedom after over three years in five Japanese prison camps.\nIn the final days of the war in ChIna, the squadron was directly under the operational orders of the O.S.S. through the Headquarters Command of the Tenth Air Force flying covert and search missions behind enemy lines in Manchuria, China, and French Indo China.\n During its glorious career, the 27th flew 6805 missions over the worse terrain in the world in the most vicious weather mother natural could dream up. On many occasions, personnel of the squadron served in the middle of battle as liaison with allied ground forces. The 27th Troop Carrier Squadron received 25 commendations from Theater Command as well as from Washington, D.C., Great Britain and Nationalist China. The personnel of the squadron is some of the most recognized of the war receiving 1271 decorations.\nNote written by Harry A. Blair"],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTransferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives in July 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], 27th Troop Carrier Squadron Foundation papers, Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_00_0241\"\u003ehttp://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_00_0241\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], 27th Troop Carrier Squadron Foundation papers, Special Collections \u0026 Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida.  http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_00_0241 ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection related to the 27th Troop Carrier Squadron includes a manuscript that consists of memoirs entitled \"Freedom Rings,\" which were gathered from members of the Army's 27th Troop Carrier Squadron about their time in the China-Burma-India (CBI) Theater. The squadron was in the CBI Theater from 1942-1945. The squadron was involved in many Office of Strategic Services (OSS) and SACO (Sino-American-Cooperative-Organization) operations, including rescues and liberations of P.O.W.'s. The collection includes their veteran's association magazine/newsletters as well.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection related to the 27th Troop Carrier Squadron includes a manuscript that consists of memoirs entitled \"Freedom Rings,\" which were gathered from members of the Army's 27th Troop Carrier Squadron about their time in the China-Burma-India (CBI) Theater. The squadron was in the CBI Theater from 1942-1945. The squadron was involved in many Office of Strategic Services (OSS) and SACO (Sino-American-Cooperative-Organization) operations, including rescues and liberations of P.O.W.'s. The collection includes their veteran's association magazine/newsletters as well."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Army Air Forces. Troop Carrier Squadron, 27th"],"names_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","United States. Army Air Forces. Troop Carrier Squadron, 27th","Blair, Harry A."],"corpname_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","United States. Army Air Forces. Troop Carrier Squadron, 27th"],"persname_ssim":["Blair, Harry A."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":8,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"d04006962be01fcf34459830","timestamp":"2026-04-21T08:57:27.162Z","bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe 27th Troop Carrier Squadron was constituted as the Twenty-Seventh Transport Squadron on 19 January 1942, activated at Daniel Field, Augusta, Georgia 1 February 1942, re-designated as the Twenty Seventy Troop Carrier Squadron 2 July 1942 and deactivated in China 27 December 1945.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn a rare general order, the Army Air Force Combat Command created the Eighty-Ninth Transport Group consisting of five squadrons while normal policy called for a group to consist of four. The 27th life with the Eighty-Ninth was short lived as the squadron was transferred out and sent on through most of its glorious career as a unique singular unit carrying out missions never before assigned in such broad scope to any unit of the Troop Carrier Command.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIts early responsibilities were that as a training unit for squadrons and personnel with graduates going on to all corners of the earth carrying out their assignment with high valor to advance the efforts to rid the world of the Axis and Japanese aggressors. The squadron earned the honor of being rated the number one training unit in the First Troop Carrier Command. Twice alerted for overseas duty the orders were aborted by High Command in Washington with the reasoning being that it was far too valuable as a training unit here in the United States.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn late 1943 Japan invaded India with the British and Indian forces having a most difficult time of it. Allied forces submitted an urgent request to High Command requesting the 27th's assignment to the theater due to its outstanding record of night flying in all types of weather and over all terrains. The squadron had been assigned to the Tactical Air Command on 29 November only to once again see orders aborted by High Command on the 30th with new cut sending the unit overseas immediately. A change in Commanders was made on the 6th December and additional personnel brought in to bring the squadron up to full strength. Its air echelon flew to Baer Field, Fort Wayne, Indiana to accept thirteen new Douglas C-47 aircraft then on to Morrison Field, Florida where a fourteenth aircraft and crew joined the flight. The formation departed Florida on 25 December 1943, flying the southern Atlantic route, for assignment to the China-Burma-India theater arriving in Karachi, India on 10 January 1944.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAssigned to the South East Command, under the command of Vice Admiral Lord Louis Mountbatten, the unit flew on to Sylhet, Assam, India and immediately began flying combat mission around the clock, over and behind enemy lines, giving assistance to the surrounded forces - often landing on grass strips behind the lives to evacuate wounded personnel.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe ground echelon departed the United States on 13 January 1944 joining the operation on 28 March.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWith the defeat of the Japanese at Imphal, India the squadron immediately began flying support to help rid North Burma of enemy control. From North East India, General Stilwell (with Chinese Forces) and Major General Orde Wingate (with his beloved \"Chindits\") entered Burma with two columns each driving to the South and South/East. This was followed by the famed \"Merrill's Marauders\" (Amercian Forces) entering the country at the same point driving towards the industrial and rail center of Myitkyina.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn August 1943, at the \"Quadrant Conference\" in Quebec, Canada, President Roosevelt, Prime Minister Churchill and Marshal Stalin gave a green light to General Orde Wingate and his dream of a long-range penetration invasion behind enemy lines with the entire operation, including the furnishing of supplies and removal of wounded, being carried out from the air. The maneuver was to be used in the invasion of Burma from central East India. The 27th was assigned, along with the First Air Commandos, to partake in this invasion entitled \"Operation Thursday\". The flights, towing at times two gliders each, into the mountains were made in the middle of the night in extreme weather. The invasion called for airstrips, often surrounded by Japanese forces, to be established in the middle of the jungles to facilitate air support short landings.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe taking of Myitkyina by the allied forces saw the 27th transferred to the Fourteenth Air Force \"Flying Tigers\" in China under the direct command of Major General Claire Chennault. The squadron at once partook in the \"Salween Campaign\" - the invasion of Burma from West China.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWith the opening of North Bruma by the Allied forces, the squadron turned its efforts to the Eastern China offensive operations. During this period of history, it gave support to the O.S.S. (forerunner of the C.I.A.) and \"Saco\" in their guerrilla activities at and behind enemy lines in addition to guerrilla units in French Indo China. The later was a secret endeavor with much action kept from the press and the public. The squadron evacuated Admiral MIles, Commander of \"Saco\", from a small grass strip behind enemy lives in Manchuria giving him freedom after over three years in five Japanese prison camps.\nIn the final days of the war in ChIna, the squadron was directly under the operational orders of the O.S.S. through the Headquarters Command of the Tenth Air Force flying covert and search missions behind enemy lines in Manchuria, China, and French Indo China.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDuring its glorious career, the 27th flew 6805 missions over the worse terrain in the world in the most vicious weather mother natural could dream up. On many occasions, personnel of the squadron served in the middle of battle as liaison with allied ground forces. The 27th Troop Carrier Squadron received 25 commendations from Theater Command as well as from Washington, D.C., Great Britain and Nationalist China. The personnel of the squadron is some of the most recognized of the war receiving 1271 decorations.\nNote written by Harry A. Blair\u003c/p\u003e"],"collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"d04006962be01fcf34459830","title_filing_ssi":"27th Troop Carrier Squadron Foundation papers","title_ssm":["27th Troop Carrier Squadron Foundation papers"],"title_tesim":["27th Troop Carrier Squadron Foundation papers"],"ead_ssi":"d04006962be01fcf34459830","unitdate_ssm":["1942-2002","1948-1982","Date acquired: 05/18/2002"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1948-1982"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1942-2002"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 05/18/2002"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["00.0241","/repositories/10/resources/228"],"text":["00.0241","/repositories/10/resources/228","27th Troop Carrier Squadron Foundation papers, 1942-2002, Date acquired: 05/18/2002, bulk 1948-1982","World War, 1939-1945--China","United States--Foreign relations--China","World War, 1939-1945--India","China--Foreign relations--United States","World War, 1939-1945--Burma","China--History--1937-1945","This collection is open to all researchers.","The 27th Troop Carrier Squadron was constituted as the Twenty-Seventh Transport Squadron on 19 January 1942, activated at Daniel Field, Augusta, Georgia 1 February 1942, re-designated as the Twenty Seventy Troop Carrier Squadron 2 July 1942 and deactivated in China 27 December 1945.\n In a rare general order, the Army Air Force Combat Command created the Eighty-Ninth Transport Group consisting of five squadrons while normal policy called for a group to consist of four. The 27th life with the Eighty-Ninth was short lived as the squadron was transferred out and sent on through most of its glorious career as a unique singular unit carrying out missions never before assigned in such broad scope to any unit of the Troop Carrier Command.\n Its early responsibilities were that as a training unit for squadrons and personnel with graduates going on to all corners of the earth carrying out their assignment with high valor to advance the efforts to rid the world of the Axis and Japanese aggressors. The squadron earned the honor of being rated the number one training unit in the First Troop Carrier Command. Twice alerted for overseas duty the orders were aborted by High Command in Washington with the reasoning being that it was far too valuable as a training unit here in the United States.\n In late 1943 Japan invaded India with the British and Indian forces having a most difficult time of it. Allied forces submitted an urgent request to High Command requesting the 27th's assignment to the theater due to its outstanding record of night flying in all types of weather and over all terrains. The squadron had been assigned to the Tactical Air Command on 29 November only to once again see orders aborted by High Command on the 30th with new cut sending the unit overseas immediately. A change in Commanders was made on the 6th December and additional personnel brought in to bring the squadron up to full strength. Its air echelon flew to Baer Field, Fort Wayne, Indiana to accept thirteen new Douglas C-47 aircraft then on to Morrison Field, Florida where a fourteenth aircraft and crew joined the flight. The formation departed Florida on 25 December 1943, flying the southern Atlantic route, for assignment to the China-Burma-India theater arriving in Karachi, India on 10 January 1944.\n Assigned to the South East Command, under the command of Vice Admiral Lord Louis Mountbatten, the unit flew on to Sylhet, Assam, India and immediately began flying combat mission around the clock, over and behind enemy lines, giving assistance to the surrounded forces - often landing on grass strips behind the lives to evacuate wounded personnel.\n The ground echelon departed the United States on 13 January 1944 joining the operation on 28 March.\n With the defeat of the Japanese at Imphal, India the squadron immediately began flying support to help rid North Burma of enemy control. From North East India, General Stilwell (with Chinese Forces) and Major General Orde Wingate (with his beloved \"Chindits\") entered Burma with two columns each driving to the South and South/East. This was followed by the famed \"Merrill's Marauders\" (Amercian Forces) entering the country at the same point driving towards the industrial and rail center of Myitkyina.\n In August 1943, at the \"Quadrant Conference\" in Quebec, Canada, President Roosevelt, Prime Minister Churchill and Marshal Stalin gave a green light to General Orde Wingate and his dream of a long-range penetration invasion behind enemy lines with the entire operation, including the furnishing of supplies and removal of wounded, being carried out from the air. The maneuver was to be used in the invasion of Burma from central East India. The 27th was assigned, along with the First Air Commandos, to partake in this invasion entitled \"Operation Thursday\". The flights, towing at times two gliders each, into the mountains were made in the middle of the night in extreme weather. The invasion called for airstrips, often surrounded by Japanese forces, to be established in the middle of the jungles to facilitate air support short landings.\n The taking of Myitkyina by the allied forces saw the 27th transferred to the Fourteenth Air Force \"Flying Tigers\" in China under the direct command of Major General Claire Chennault. The squadron at once partook in the \"Salween Campaign\" - the invasion of Burma from West China.\n With the opening of North Bruma by the Allied forces, the squadron turned its efforts to the Eastern China offensive operations. During this period of history, it gave support to the O.S.S. (forerunner of the C.I.A.) and \"Saco\" in their guerrilla activities at and behind enemy lines in addition to guerrilla units in French Indo China. The later was a secret endeavor with much action kept from the press and the public. The squadron evacuated Admiral MIles, Commander of \"Saco\", from a small grass strip behind enemy lives in Manchuria giving him freedom after over three years in five Japanese prison camps.\nIn the final days of the war in ChIna, the squadron was directly under the operational orders of the O.S.S. through the Headquarters Command of the Tenth Air Force flying covert and search missions behind enemy lines in Manchuria, China, and French Indo China.\n During its glorious career, the 27th flew 6805 missions over the worse terrain in the world in the most vicious weather mother natural could dream up. On many occasions, personnel of the squadron served in the middle of battle as liaison with allied ground forces. The 27th Troop Carrier Squadron received 25 commendations from Theater Command as well as from Washington, D.C., Great Britain and Nationalist China. The personnel of the squadron is some of the most recognized of the war receiving 1271 decorations.\nNote written by Harry A. Blair","Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022.","This collection related to the 27th Troop Carrier Squadron includes a manuscript that consists of memoirs entitled \"Freedom Rings,\" which were gathered from members of the Army's 27th Troop Carrier Squadron about their time in the China-Burma-India (CBI) Theater. The squadron was in the CBI Theater from 1942-1945. The squadron was involved in many Office of Strategic Services (OSS) and SACO (Sino-American-Cooperative-Organization) operations, including rescues and liberations of P.O.W.'s. The collection includes their veteran's association magazine/newsletters as well.","All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.","FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","United States. Army Air Forces. Troop Carrier Squadron, 27th","Blair, Harry A.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["00.0241","/repositories/10/resources/228"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1942-2002, Date acquired: 05/18/2002, bulk 1948-1982"],"normalized_title_ssm":["27th Troop Carrier Squadron Foundation papers, 1942-2002, Date acquired: 05/18/2002, bulk 1948-1982"],"collection_title_tesim":["27th Troop Carrier Squadron Foundation papers, 1942-2002, Date acquired: 05/18/2002, bulk 1948-1982"],"collection_ssim":["27th Troop Carrier Squadron Foundation papers, 1942-2002, Date acquired: 05/18/2002, bulk 1948-1982"],"repository_ssm":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["World War, 1939-1945--China","United States--Foreign relations--China"],"geogname_ssim":["World War, 1939-1945--China","United States--Foreign relations--China"],"creator_ssm":["Blair, Harry A."],"creator_ssim":["Blair, Harry A."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Blair, Harry A."],"creators_ssim":["Blair, Harry A."],"places_ssim":["World War, 1939-1945--China","United States--Foreign relations--China"],"access_terms_ssm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Harry A. Blair","Donated"],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1939-1945--India","China--Foreign relations--United States","World War, 1939-1945--Burma","China--History--1937-1945"],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1939-1945--India","China--Foreign relations--United States","World War, 1939-1945--Burma","China--History--1937-1945"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to all researchers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to all researchers."],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The 27th Troop Carrier Squadron was constituted as the Twenty-Seventh Transport Squadron on 19 January 1942, activated at Daniel Field, Augusta, Georgia 1 February 1942, re-designated as the Twenty Seventy Troop Carrier Squadron 2 July 1942 and deactivated in China 27 December 1945.\n In a rare general order, the Army Air Force Combat Command created the Eighty-Ninth Transport Group consisting of five squadrons while normal policy called for a group to consist of four. The 27th life with the Eighty-Ninth was short lived as the squadron was transferred out and sent on through most of its glorious career as a unique singular unit carrying out missions never before assigned in such broad scope to any unit of the Troop Carrier Command.\n Its early responsibilities were that as a training unit for squadrons and personnel with graduates going on to all corners of the earth carrying out their assignment with high valor to advance the efforts to rid the world of the Axis and Japanese aggressors. The squadron earned the honor of being rated the number one training unit in the First Troop Carrier Command. Twice alerted for overseas duty the orders were aborted by High Command in Washington with the reasoning being that it was far too valuable as a training unit here in the United States.\n In late 1943 Japan invaded India with the British and Indian forces having a most difficult time of it. Allied forces submitted an urgent request to High Command requesting the 27th's assignment to the theater due to its outstanding record of night flying in all types of weather and over all terrains. The squadron had been assigned to the Tactical Air Command on 29 November only to once again see orders aborted by High Command on the 30th with new cut sending the unit overseas immediately. A change in Commanders was made on the 6th December and additional personnel brought in to bring the squadron up to full strength. Its air echelon flew to Baer Field, Fort Wayne, Indiana to accept thirteen new Douglas C-47 aircraft then on to Morrison Field, Florida where a fourteenth aircraft and crew joined the flight. The formation departed Florida on 25 December 1943, flying the southern Atlantic route, for assignment to the China-Burma-India theater arriving in Karachi, India on 10 January 1944.\n Assigned to the South East Command, under the command of Vice Admiral Lord Louis Mountbatten, the unit flew on to Sylhet, Assam, India and immediately began flying combat mission around the clock, over and behind enemy lines, giving assistance to the surrounded forces - often landing on grass strips behind the lives to evacuate wounded personnel.\n The ground echelon departed the United States on 13 January 1944 joining the operation on 28 March.\n With the defeat of the Japanese at Imphal, India the squadron immediately began flying support to help rid North Burma of enemy control. From North East India, General Stilwell (with Chinese Forces) and Major General Orde Wingate (with his beloved \"Chindits\") entered Burma with two columns each driving to the South and South/East. This was followed by the famed \"Merrill's Marauders\" (Amercian Forces) entering the country at the same point driving towards the industrial and rail center of Myitkyina.\n In August 1943, at the \"Quadrant Conference\" in Quebec, Canada, President Roosevelt, Prime Minister Churchill and Marshal Stalin gave a green light to General Orde Wingate and his dream of a long-range penetration invasion behind enemy lines with the entire operation, including the furnishing of supplies and removal of wounded, being carried out from the air. The maneuver was to be used in the invasion of Burma from central East India. The 27th was assigned, along with the First Air Commandos, to partake in this invasion entitled \"Operation Thursday\". The flights, towing at times two gliders each, into the mountains were made in the middle of the night in extreme weather. The invasion called for airstrips, often surrounded by Japanese forces, to be established in the middle of the jungles to facilitate air support short landings.\n The taking of Myitkyina by the allied forces saw the 27th transferred to the Fourteenth Air Force \"Flying Tigers\" in China under the direct command of Major General Claire Chennault. The squadron at once partook in the \"Salween Campaign\" - the invasion of Burma from West China.\n With the opening of North Bruma by the Allied forces, the squadron turned its efforts to the Eastern China offensive operations. During this period of history, it gave support to the O.S.S. (forerunner of the C.I.A.) and \"Saco\" in their guerrilla activities at and behind enemy lines in addition to guerrilla units in French Indo China. The later was a secret endeavor with much action kept from the press and the public. The squadron evacuated Admiral MIles, Commander of \"Saco\", from a small grass strip behind enemy lives in Manchuria giving him freedom after over three years in five Japanese prison camps.\nIn the final days of the war in ChIna, the squadron was directly under the operational orders of the O.S.S. through the Headquarters Command of the Tenth Air Force flying covert and search missions behind enemy lines in Manchuria, China, and French Indo China.\n During its glorious career, the 27th flew 6805 missions over the worse terrain in the world in the most vicious weather mother natural could dream up. On many occasions, personnel of the squadron served in the middle of battle as liaison with allied ground forces. The 27th Troop Carrier Squadron received 25 commendations from Theater Command as well as from Washington, D.C., Great Britain and Nationalist China. The personnel of the squadron is some of the most recognized of the war receiving 1271 decorations.\nNote written by Harry A. Blair"],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTransferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives in July 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], 27th Troop Carrier Squadron Foundation papers, Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_00_0241\"\u003ehttp://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_00_0241\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], 27th Troop Carrier Squadron Foundation papers, Special Collections \u0026 Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida.  http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_00_0241 ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection related to the 27th Troop Carrier Squadron includes a manuscript that consists of memoirs entitled \"Freedom Rings,\" which were gathered from members of the Army's 27th Troop Carrier Squadron about their time in the China-Burma-India (CBI) Theater. The squadron was in the CBI Theater from 1942-1945. The squadron was involved in many Office of Strategic Services (OSS) and SACO (Sino-American-Cooperative-Organization) operations, including rescues and liberations of P.O.W.'s. The collection includes their veteran's association magazine/newsletters as well.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection related to the 27th Troop Carrier Squadron includes a manuscript that consists of memoirs entitled \"Freedom Rings,\" which were gathered from members of the Army's 27th Troop Carrier Squadron about their time in the China-Burma-India (CBI) Theater. The squadron was in the CBI Theater from 1942-1945. The squadron was involved in many Office of Strategic Services (OSS) and SACO (Sino-American-Cooperative-Organization) operations, including rescues and liberations of P.O.W.'s. The collection includes their veteran's association magazine/newsletters as well."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Army Air Forces. Troop Carrier Squadron, 27th"],"names_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","United States. Army Air Forces. Troop Carrier Squadron, 27th","Blair, Harry A."],"corpname_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","United States. Army Air Forces. Troop Carrier Squadron, 27th"],"persname_ssim":["Blair, Harry A."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":8,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"d04006962be01fcf34459830","timestamp":"2026-04-21T08:57:27.162Z","bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe 27th Troop Carrier Squadron was constituted as the Twenty-Seventh Transport Squadron on 19 January 1942, activated at Daniel Field, Augusta, Georgia 1 February 1942, re-designated as the Twenty Seventy Troop Carrier Squadron 2 July 1942 and deactivated in China 27 December 1945.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn a rare general order, the Army Air Force Combat Command created the Eighty-Ninth Transport Group consisting of five squadrons while normal policy called for a group to consist of four. The 27th life with the Eighty-Ninth was short lived as the squadron was transferred out and sent on through most of its glorious career as a unique singular unit carrying out missions never before assigned in such broad scope to any unit of the Troop Carrier Command.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIts early responsibilities were that as a training unit for squadrons and personnel with graduates going on to all corners of the earth carrying out their assignment with high valor to advance the efforts to rid the world of the Axis and Japanese aggressors. The squadron earned the honor of being rated the number one training unit in the First Troop Carrier Command. Twice alerted for overseas duty the orders were aborted by High Command in Washington with the reasoning being that it was far too valuable as a training unit here in the United States.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn late 1943 Japan invaded India with the British and Indian forces having a most difficult time of it. Allied forces submitted an urgent request to High Command requesting the 27th's assignment to the theater due to its outstanding record of night flying in all types of weather and over all terrains. The squadron had been assigned to the Tactical Air Command on 29 November only to once again see orders aborted by High Command on the 30th with new cut sending the unit overseas immediately. A change in Commanders was made on the 6th December and additional personnel brought in to bring the squadron up to full strength. Its air echelon flew to Baer Field, Fort Wayne, Indiana to accept thirteen new Douglas C-47 aircraft then on to Morrison Field, Florida where a fourteenth aircraft and crew joined the flight. The formation departed Florida on 25 December 1943, flying the southern Atlantic route, for assignment to the China-Burma-India theater arriving in Karachi, India on 10 January 1944.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAssigned to the South East Command, under the command of Vice Admiral Lord Louis Mountbatten, the unit flew on to Sylhet, Assam, India and immediately began flying combat mission around the clock, over and behind enemy lines, giving assistance to the surrounded forces - often landing on grass strips behind the lives to evacuate wounded personnel.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe ground echelon departed the United States on 13 January 1944 joining the operation on 28 March.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWith the defeat of the Japanese at Imphal, India the squadron immediately began flying support to help rid North Burma of enemy control. From North East India, General Stilwell (with Chinese Forces) and Major General Orde Wingate (with his beloved \"Chindits\") entered Burma with two columns each driving to the South and South/East. This was followed by the famed \"Merrill's Marauders\" (Amercian Forces) entering the country at the same point driving towards the industrial and rail center of Myitkyina.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn August 1943, at the \"Quadrant Conference\" in Quebec, Canada, President Roosevelt, Prime Minister Churchill and Marshal Stalin gave a green light to General Orde Wingate and his dream of a long-range penetration invasion behind enemy lines with the entire operation, including the furnishing of supplies and removal of wounded, being carried out from the air. The maneuver was to be used in the invasion of Burma from central East India. The 27th was assigned, along with the First Air Commandos, to partake in this invasion entitled \"Operation Thursday\". The flights, towing at times two gliders each, into the mountains were made in the middle of the night in extreme weather. The invasion called for airstrips, often surrounded by Japanese forces, to be established in the middle of the jungles to facilitate air support short landings.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe taking of Myitkyina by the allied forces saw the 27th transferred to the Fourteenth Air Force \"Flying Tigers\" in China under the direct command of Major General Claire Chennault. The squadron at once partook in the \"Salween Campaign\" - the invasion of Burma from West China.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWith the opening of North Bruma by the Allied forces, the squadron turned its efforts to the Eastern China offensive operations. During this period of history, it gave support to the O.S.S. (forerunner of the C.I.A.) and \"Saco\" in their guerrilla activities at and behind enemy lines in addition to guerrilla units in French Indo China. The later was a secret endeavor with much action kept from the press and the public. The squadron evacuated Admiral MIles, Commander of \"Saco\", from a small grass strip behind enemy lives in Manchuria giving him freedom after over three years in five Japanese prison camps.\nIn the final days of the war in ChIna, the squadron was directly under the operational orders of the O.S.S. through the Headquarters Command of the Tenth Air Force flying covert and search missions behind enemy lines in Manchuria, China, and French Indo China.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDuring its glorious career, the 27th flew 6805 missions over the worse terrain in the world in the most vicious weather mother natural could dream up. On many occasions, personnel of the squadron served in the middle of battle as liaison with allied ground forces. The 27th Troop Carrier Squadron received 25 commendations from Theater Command as well as from Washington, D.C., Great Britain and Nationalist China. The personnel of the squadron is some of the most recognized of the war receiving 1271 decorations.\nNote written by Harry A. Blair\u003c/p\u003e"]}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/d04006962be01fcf34459830"}},{"id":"595da6ad0514b2d689ec320a_aspace_188790","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"2nd Bombardment Association, 1939-1988","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/595da6ad0514b2d689ec320a_aspace_188790#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eIncludes records regarding the 2nd Bombardment Association, including 2 certificates of Special Recognition, a personnel list from 1939, and a Roster from 1988.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/595da6ad0514b2d689ec320a_aspace_188790#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_188790","ref_ssm":["aspace_188790","aspace_188790"],"id":"595da6ad0514b2d689ec320a_aspace_188790","title_filing_ssi":"2nd Bombardment Association","title_ssm":["2nd Bombardment Association"],"title_tesim":["2nd Bombardment Association"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1939-1988"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1939-1988"],"normalized_title_ssm":["2nd Bombardment Association, 1939-1988"],"text":["2nd Bombardment Association, 1939-1988","Harold E. Watson collection, 1929-2013, Date acquired: 12/05/2013","009","/repositories/10/archival_objects/47657","13.0078 - Box 2","folder 009","Includes records regarding the 2nd Bombardment Association, including 2 certificates of Special Recognition, a personnel list from 1939, and a Roster from 1988."],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ids_ssim":["595da6ad0514b2d689ec320a"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Harold E. Watson collection, 1929-2013, Date acquired: 12/05/2013"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Harold E. Watson collection, 1929-2013, Date acquired: 12/05/2013"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"unitid_ssm":["009","/repositories/10/archival_objects/47657"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Harold E. Watson collection, 1929-2013, Date acquired: 12/05/2013"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":18,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open to all researchers."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"date_range_isim":[1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988],"containers_ssim":["13.0078 - Box 2","folder 009"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIncludes records regarding the 2nd Bombardment Association, including 2 certificates of Special Recognition, a personnel list from 1939, and a Roster from 1988.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Includes records regarding the 2nd Bombardment Association, including 2 certificates of Special Recognition, a personnel list from 1939, and a Roster from 1988."],"_nest_path_":"/components#17","_nest_parent_":"595da6ad0514b2d689ec320a","_root_":"595da6ad0514b2d689ec320a","timestamp":"2026-07-11T06:46:17.116Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"595da6ad0514b2d689ec320a","title_filing_ssi":"Watson, Harold E. collection","title_ssm":["Harold E. Watson collection"],"title_tesim":["Harold E. Watson collection"],"ead_ssi":"595da6ad0514b2d689ec320a","unitdate_ssm":["1929-2013","Date acquired: 12/05/2013"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1929-2013"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 12/05/2013"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["13.0078","/repositories/10/resources/455"],"text":["13.0078","/repositories/10/resources/455","Harold E. Watson collection, 1929-2013, Date acquired: 12/05/2013","World War, 1939-1945","Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (Ohio). Foreign Technology Division","Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (Ohio)--History.","Me 262 (Jet fighter plane)","Air pilots, Military--United States","Germany. -- Luftwaffe -- History.","United States. -- Army Air Forces. -- Bombardment Squadron, 96th -- History.","Project Grudge.","University of Michigan--History.","This collection is open to all researchers.","Harold E. Watson was born on November 19, 1911 in Farmington, Connecticut. After graduating from high school in 1929, he attended Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, earning his degree in electrical engineering in 1933. He later graduated from Kelly Field as a flying cadet, and was assigned to the 96th Bomb Squadron. In 1939, he was transferred to Wright Patterson Air Force Base in Dayton, Ohio working in research development. He recieved his M.S. in aeronautical engineering in 1941 from the University of Michigan. During the War, he flew in the European theatre, and later returned as part of Operation Lusty,  part of the effort to capture German aircraft and return them to the U.S., and acted as an experimental test pilot over the next few years. In 1947, he was appointed as chief of the Air Technical Intelligence Center at Wright-Patterson, and in 1949, worked on Project Grudge, one of the U.S. Air Force's programs tracking and analyzing the threat of Unidentified Flying Objects. He was assigned to a position in the Allied Air Forces command involved with NATO in 1951 before returning to the ATIC in 1954. He retired in 1962 as a Brigadier General. He died January 5, 1994.","Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022.","This collection centers around a Brigadier General in the U.S. Air Force.  It includes items related to his time in the military and his personal life before and after retirement. It includes personal letters, special orders, magazines, books, newspapers and clippings, event brochures, pamphlets, education records, personnel files, flight logs, photographs, VHS Tapes, cassette tapes, and flags spanning from the 1930s until the early 2000s.","All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.","FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (Ohio)","ATIC","United States. Air Force","Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.","Watson, Harold E., 1911-1994","English"],"unitid_tesim":["13.0078","/repositories/10/resources/455"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1929-2013, Date acquired: 12/05/2013"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Harold E. Watson collection, 1929-2013, Date acquired: 12/05/2013"],"collection_title_tesim":["Harold E. Watson collection, 1929-2013, Date acquired: 12/05/2013"],"collection_ssim":["Harold E. Watson collection, 1929-2013, Date acquired: 12/05/2013"],"repository_ssm":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gordon Gaster","Donation"],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1939-1945","Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (Ohio). Foreign Technology Division","Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (Ohio)--History.","Me 262 (Jet fighter plane)","Air pilots, Military--United States","Germany. -- Luftwaffe -- History.","United States. -- Army Air Forces. -- Bombardment Squadron, 96th -- History.","Project Grudge.","University of Michigan--History."],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1939-1945","Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (Ohio). Foreign Technology Division","Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (Ohio)--History.","Me 262 (Jet fighter plane)","Air pilots, Military--United States","Germany. -- Luftwaffe -- History.","United States. -- Army Air Forces. -- Bombardment Squadron, 96th -- History.","Project Grudge.","University of Michigan--History."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["5 Linear Feet 10 boxes","1 folders 1 oversized folder","1 items flag box"],"extent_tesim":["5 Linear Feet 10 boxes","1 folders 1 oversized folder","1 items flag box"],"date_range_isim":[1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to all researchers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to all researchers."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHarold E. Watson was born on November 19, 1911 in Farmington, Connecticut. After graduating from high school in 1929, he attended Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, earning his degree in electrical engineering in 1933. He later graduated from Kelly Field as a flying cadet, and was assigned to the 96th Bomb Squadron. In 1939, he was transferred to Wright Patterson Air Force Base in Dayton, Ohio working in research development. He recieved his M.S. in aeronautical engineering in 1941 from the University of Michigan. During the War, he flew in the European theatre, and later returned as part of Operation Lusty,\u0026#xA0; part of the effort to capture German aircraft and return them to the U.S., and acted as an experimental test pilot over the next few years. In 1947, he was appointed as chief of the Air Technical Intelligence Center at Wright-Patterson, and in 1949, worked on Project Grudge, one of the U.S. Air Force's programs tracking and analyzing the threat of Unidentified Flying Objects. He was assigned to a position in the Allied Air Forces command involved with NATO in 1951 before returning to the ATIC in 1954. He retired in 1962 as a Brigadier General. He died January 5, 1994.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Harold E. Watson was born on November 19, 1911 in Farmington, Connecticut. After graduating from high school in 1929, he attended Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, earning his degree in electrical engineering in 1933. He later graduated from Kelly Field as a flying cadet, and was assigned to the 96th Bomb Squadron. In 1939, he was transferred to Wright Patterson Air Force Base in Dayton, Ohio working in research development. He recieved his M.S. in aeronautical engineering in 1941 from the University of Michigan. During the War, he flew in the European theatre, and later returned as part of Operation Lusty,  part of the effort to capture German aircraft and return them to the U.S., and acted as an experimental test pilot over the next few years. In 1947, he was appointed as chief of the Air Technical Intelligence Center at Wright-Patterson, and in 1949, worked on Project Grudge, one of the U.S. Air Force's programs tracking and analyzing the threat of Unidentified Flying Objects. He was assigned to a position in the Allied Air Forces command involved with NATO in 1951 before returning to the ATIC in 1954. He retired in 1962 as a Brigadier General. He died January 5, 1994."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTransferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives in July 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], Harold E. Watson collection, Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_13_0078\"\u003ehttp://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_13_0078\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], Harold E. Watson collection, Special Collections \u0026 Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida.  http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_13_0078 ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection centers around a Brigadier General in the U.S. Air Force.\u0026#xA0; It includes items related to his time in the military and his personal life before and after retirement. It includes personal letters, special orders, magazines, books, newspapers and clippings, event brochures, pamphlets, education records, personnel files, flight logs, photographs, VHS Tapes, cassette tapes, and flags spanning from the 1930s until the early 2000s.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection centers around a Brigadier General in the U.S. Air Force.  It includes items related to his time in the military and his personal life before and after retirement. It includes personal letters, special orders, magazines, books, newspapers and clippings, event brochures, pamphlets, education records, personnel files, flight logs, photographs, VHS Tapes, cassette tapes, and flags spanning from the 1930s until the early 2000s."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"names_coll_ssim":["Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (Ohio)","ATIC","United States. Air Force","Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.","Watson, Harold E., 1911-1994"],"names_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (Ohio)","ATIC","United States. Air Force","Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.","Watson, Harold E., 1911-1994"],"corpname_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (Ohio)","ATIC","United States. Air Force","Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute."],"persname_ssim":["Watson, Harold E., 1911-1994"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":106,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"595da6ad0514b2d689ec320a","timestamp":"2026-07-11T06:46:17.116Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/595da6ad0514b2d689ec320a_aspace_188790"}},{"id":"9f3fcc786e2e9d0bddce4cbc_aspace_51a3030d73192b38ce101be7df4586c0","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"34th Indiana Division Veterans Association Papers, 1950-2018","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/9f3fcc786e2e9d0bddce4cbc_aspace_51a3030d73192b38ce101be7df4586c0#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains the 34th Indiana Division's reunion photograph from 1968, the program for the third reunion in 1950, the division's directory of known addresses and list of the deceased from the 133rd infantry.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/9f3fcc786e2e9d0bddce4cbc_aspace_51a3030d73192b38ce101be7df4586c0#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_51a3030d73192b38ce101be7df4586c0","ref_ssm":["aspace_51a3030d73192b38ce101be7df4586c0","aspace_51a3030d73192b38ce101be7df4586c0"],"id":"9f3fcc786e2e9d0bddce4cbc_aspace_51a3030d73192b38ce101be7df4586c0","title_filing_ssi":"34th Indiana Division Veterans Association Papers","title_ssm":["34th Indiana Division Veterans Association Papers"],"title_tesim":["34th Indiana Division Veterans Association Papers"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1950-2018"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1950-2018"],"normalized_title_ssm":["34th Indiana Division Veterans Association Papers, 1950-2018"],"text":["34th Indiana Division Veterans Association Papers, 1950-2018","Gentges Family collection, 1937-2018, Date accessioned: 2018-05-07","002","/repositories/10/archival_objects/179238","18.0014 - Box 13","folder 002","This folder contains the 34th Indiana Division's reunion photograph from 1968, the program for the third reunion in 1950, the division's directory of known addresses and list of the deceased from the 133rd infantry."],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ids_ssim":["9f3fcc786e2e9d0bddce4cbc"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Gentges Family collection, 1937-2018, Date accessioned: 2018-05-07"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Gentges Family collection, 1937-2018, Date accessioned: 2018-05-07"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"unitid_ssm":["002","/repositories/10/archival_objects/179238"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Gentges Family collection, 1937-2018, Date accessioned: 2018-05-07"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":131,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open to all researchers. ","This collection is in an offsite storage location. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"date_range_isim":[1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018],"containers_ssim":["18.0014 - Box 13","folder 002"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains the 34th Indiana Division's reunion photograph from 1968, the program for the third reunion in 1950, the division's directory of known addresses and list of the deceased from the 133rd infantry.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This folder contains the 34th Indiana Division's reunion photograph from 1968, the program for the third reunion in 1950, the division's directory of known addresses and list of the deceased from the 133rd infantry."],"_nest_path_":"/components#130","_nest_parent_":"9f3fcc786e2e9d0bddce4cbc","_root_":"9f3fcc786e2e9d0bddce4cbc","timestamp":"2026-07-10T05:12:38.463Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"9f3fcc786e2e9d0bddce4cbc","title_filing_ssi":"Gentges Family collection","title_ssm":["Gentges Family collection"],"title_tesim":["Gentges Family collection"],"ead_ssi":"9f3fcc786e2e9d0bddce4cbc","unitdate_ssm":["1937-2018","Date accessioned: 2018-05-07"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1937-2018"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date accessioned: 2018-05-07"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["18.0014","/repositories/10/resources/172"],"text":["18.0014","/repositories/10/resources/172","Gentges Family collection, 1937-2018, Date accessioned: 2018-05-07","United States. Army. Infantry Division, 34th--History.","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Italy--Sicily","Salerno, Battle of, Salerno, Italy, 1943","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Italy","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Italy--Po River Valley","Purple Heart","This collection is open to all researchers. ","This collection is in an offsite storage location. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information.","Charles R. Gentges was born on February 12, 1918, in Farmington, Missouri. Prior to his enlistment in April of 1941, he worked as a laundry foreman who enjoyed classical music and writing. At the age of 23 the Selective Service Act of September 1940 required him to enlist. By April 1941 he was training at Camp Claiborne in Louisiana where he became a rifleman and staff sergeant for the Infantry's 113th Regiment in the 34th Infantry Division nicknamed \"Red Bull Division.\" From February 1942 to October 1944 he served in the European African Middle Eastern Theatre in the Tunisian Campaign, Rome-Arno campaign, and North Apennines Campaign. His service ended abruptly on October 19, 1944 in Cecina, Italy when he received a gunshot wound which broke his femur, for which he was awarded his third Purple Heart Medal. Aside from Purple Heart, Gentges was also awarded a Bronze Star Medal, 5 overseas service bars, one three-year service stripe, a combat infantry badge, an American defense service ribbon, and maintained good conduct throughout his service. The details of his service can be found in his memoir compiled by his daughter in 2001 and contained in the collection.\n \nIt is evident in Gentges memoirs, diary entries, and letters that he is a devout Catholic. He attended mass in both England and Ireland where he observed the Catholic/Protestant controversy and was particularly impressed with the religiosity of Ireland. When serving in Italy, he visited Rome twice where the Pope blessed his rosary. Later, Gentges became a member of the Society for the Propagation of Faith and wrote a letter to the society saying that he detested his destructive job, especially as a man of god, but understood his duty to his country. Gentges wrote \"at present I'm in the hospital with a battle injury. Soon I must return with rifle in hand to the job I detest. A man has a duty toward his country. Thus I attempt to do the best my poor abilities as a soldier will permit. Otherwise I leave everything else to whatever God wills\".  \n \nAfter officially leaving the service in August of 1945, Gentges married Florence Schwartz whom he had known since a youth on October 27, 1945 in their hometown of Farmington, Missouri. Beginning as childhood friends, Gentges admitted that once he had never had feelings for Florence, but through their letters during his service he realized his feelings for her. From then they were set to get married upon his return to the United States. Their relationship can be traced through their letters which have been copied and partially transcribed by their only daughter Mary Gentges. Charles R. Gentges passed away on February 13, 2006 and is buried along with his wife Florence and daugther Mary Elizabeth Gentges in Mount Calvary Cemetery, Saint Marys, Kansas, MO.","Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022.","This collection relates to Staff Sergeant Charles R. Gentges who served with the 34th Infantry Division in the North African and Italian campaigns during World War II. He was awarded the Purple Heart Medal with two oak leaf clusters and the Bronze Star Medal. The collection also relates Charles R. Gentges' wife Florence, and daughter, Mary Elizabeth Gentges.","All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.","FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Gentges, Charles R., 1918-2006","Gentges, Florence Schwartz, 1914-2011","Gentges, Mary Elizabeth, 1947-2017","English"],"unitid_tesim":["18.0014","/repositories/10/resources/172"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1937-2018, Date accessioned: 2018-05-07"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Gentges Family collection, 1937-2018, Date accessioned: 2018-05-07"],"collection_title_tesim":["Gentges Family collection, 1937-2018, Date accessioned: 2018-05-07"],"collection_ssim":["Gentges Family collection, 1937-2018, Date accessioned: 2018-05-07"],"repository_ssm":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Gentges, Charles R., 1918-2006","Gentges, Florence Schwartz, 1914-2011","Gentges, Mary Elizabeth, 1947-2017"],"creator_ssim":["Gentges, Charles R., 1918-2006","Gentges, Florence Schwartz, 1914-2011","Gentges, Mary Elizabeth, 1947-2017"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Gentges, Charles R., 1918-2006","Gentges, Florence Schwartz, 1914-2011","Gentges, Mary Elizabeth, 1947-2017"],"creators_ssim":["Gentges, Charles R., 1918-2006","Gentges, Florence Schwartz, 1914-2011","Gentges, Mary Elizabeth, 1947-2017"],"access_terms_ssm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"access_subjects_ssim":["United States. Army. Infantry Division, 34th--History.","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Italy--Sicily","Salerno, Battle of, Salerno, Italy, 1943","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Italy","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Italy--Po River Valley","Purple Heart"],"access_subjects_ssm":["United States. Army. Infantry Division, 34th--History.","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Italy--Sicily","Salerno, Battle of, Salerno, Italy, 1943","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Italy","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Italy--Po River Valley","Purple Heart"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["8 Linear Feet 14-1/2 boxes, 1-full box","1 items flag box"],"extent_tesim":["8 Linear Feet 14-1/2 boxes, 1-full box","1 items flag box"],"date_range_isim":[1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to all researchers. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis collection is in an offsite storage location. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to all researchers. ","This collection is in an offsite storage location. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharles R. Gentges was born on February 12, 1918, in Farmington, Missouri. Prior to his enlistment in April of 1941, he worked as a laundry foreman who enjoyed classical music and writing. At the age of 23 the Selective Service Act of September 1940 required him to enlist. By April 1941 he was training at Camp Claiborne in Louisiana where he became a rifleman and staff sergeant for the Infantry's 113th Regiment in the 34th Infantry Division nicknamed \"Red Bull Division.\" From February 1942 to October 1944 he served in the European African Middle Eastern Theatre in the Tunisian Campaign, Rome-Arno campaign, and North Apennines Campaign. His service ended abruptly on October 19, 1944 in Cecina, Italy when he received a gunshot wound which broke his femur, for which he was awarded his third Purple Heart Medal. Aside from Purple Heart, Gentges was also awarded a Bronze Star Medal, 5 overseas service bars, one three-year service stripe, a combat infantry badge, an American defense service ribbon, and maintained good conduct throughout his service. The details of his service can be found in his memoir compiled by his daughter in 2001 and contained in the collection.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\nIt is evident in Gentges memoirs, diary entries, and letters that he is a devout Catholic. He attended mass in both England and Ireland where he observed the Catholic/Protestant controversy and was particularly impressed with the religiosity of Ireland. When serving in Italy, he visited Rome twice where the Pope blessed his rosary. Later, Gentges became a member of the Society for the Propagation of Faith and wrote a letter to the society saying that he detested his destructive job, especially as a man of god, but understood his duty to his country. Gentges wrote \"at present I'm in the hospital with a battle injury. Soon I must return with rifle in hand to the job I detest. A man has a duty toward his country. Thus I attempt to do the best my poor abilities as a soldier will permit. Otherwise I leave everything else to whatever God wills\".  \n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\nAfter officially leaving the service in August of 1945, Gentges married Florence Schwartz whom he had known since a youth on October 27, 1945 in their hometown of Farmington, Missouri. Beginning as childhood friends, Gentges admitted that once he had never had feelings for Florence, but through their letters during his service he realized his feelings for her. From then they were set to get married upon his return to the United States. Their relationship can be traced through their letters which have been copied and partially transcribed by their only daughter Mary Gentges. Charles R. Gentges passed away on February 13, 2006 and is buried along with his wife Florence and daugther Mary Elizabeth Gentges in Mount Calvary Cemetery, Saint Marys, Kansas, MO.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Charles R. Gentges was born on February 12, 1918, in Farmington, Missouri. Prior to his enlistment in April of 1941, he worked as a laundry foreman who enjoyed classical music and writing. At the age of 23 the Selective Service Act of September 1940 required him to enlist. By April 1941 he was training at Camp Claiborne in Louisiana where he became a rifleman and staff sergeant for the Infantry's 113th Regiment in the 34th Infantry Division nicknamed \"Red Bull Division.\" From February 1942 to October 1944 he served in the European African Middle Eastern Theatre in the Tunisian Campaign, Rome-Arno campaign, and North Apennines Campaign. His service ended abruptly on October 19, 1944 in Cecina, Italy when he received a gunshot wound which broke his femur, for which he was awarded his third Purple Heart Medal. Aside from Purple Heart, Gentges was also awarded a Bronze Star Medal, 5 overseas service bars, one three-year service stripe, a combat infantry badge, an American defense service ribbon, and maintained good conduct throughout his service. The details of his service can be found in his memoir compiled by his daughter in 2001 and contained in the collection.\n \nIt is evident in Gentges memoirs, diary entries, and letters that he is a devout Catholic. He attended mass in both England and Ireland where he observed the Catholic/Protestant controversy and was particularly impressed with the religiosity of Ireland. When serving in Italy, he visited Rome twice where the Pope blessed his rosary. Later, Gentges became a member of the Society for the Propagation of Faith and wrote a letter to the society saying that he detested his destructive job, especially as a man of god, but understood his duty to his country. Gentges wrote \"at present I'm in the hospital with a battle injury. Soon I must return with rifle in hand to the job I detest. A man has a duty toward his country. Thus I attempt to do the best my poor abilities as a soldier will permit. Otherwise I leave everything else to whatever God wills\".  \n \nAfter officially leaving the service in August of 1945, Gentges married Florence Schwartz whom he had known since a youth on October 27, 1945 in their hometown of Farmington, Missouri. Beginning as childhood friends, Gentges admitted that once he had never had feelings for Florence, but through their letters during his service he realized his feelings for her. From then they were set to get married upon his return to the United States. Their relationship can be traced through their letters which have been copied and partially transcribed by their only daughter Mary Gentges. Charles R. Gentges passed away on February 13, 2006 and is buried along with his wife Florence and daugther Mary Elizabeth Gentges in Mount Calvary Cemetery, Saint Marys, Kansas, MO."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTransferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives in July 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], Gentges Family collection, Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_18_0014\"\u003ehttp://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_18_0014\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], Gentges Family collection, Special Collections \u0026 Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida.  http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_18_0014"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection relates to Staff Sergeant Charles R. Gentges who served with the 34th Infantry Division in the North African and Italian campaigns during World War II. He was awarded the Purple Heart Medal with two oak leaf clusters and the Bronze Star Medal. The collection also relates Charles R. Gentges' wife Florence, and daughter, Mary Elizabeth Gentges.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection relates to Staff Sergeant Charles R. Gentges who served with the 34th Infantry Division in the North African and Italian campaigns during World War II. He was awarded the Purple Heart Medal with two oak leaf clusters and the Bronze Star Medal. The collection also relates Charles R. Gentges' wife Florence, and daughter, Mary Elizabeth Gentges."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"names_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Gentges, Charles R., 1918-2006","Gentges, Florence Schwartz, 1914-2011","Gentges, Mary Elizabeth, 1947-2017"],"corpname_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["Gentges, Mary Elizabeth, 1947-2017"],"persname_ssim":["Gentges, Charles R., 1918-2006","Gentges, Florence Schwartz, 1914-2011","Gentges, Mary Elizabeth, 1947-2017"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":183,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"9f3fcc786e2e9d0bddce4cbc","timestamp":"2026-07-10T05:12:38.463Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/9f3fcc786e2e9d0bddce4cbc_aspace_51a3030d73192b38ce101be7df4586c0"}},{"id":"71b8a757b0f138dee122db24_aspace_eb238ae90e6f8dc87f61113b22d531dd","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"34th year, # 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 1969-1970","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/71b8a757b0f138dee122db24_aspace_eb238ae90e6f8dc87f61113b22d531dd#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_eb238ae90e6f8dc87f61113b22d531dd","ref_ssm":["aspace_eb238ae90e6f8dc87f61113b22d531dd","aspace_eb238ae90e6f8dc87f61113b22d531dd"],"id":"71b8a757b0f138dee122db24_aspace_eb238ae90e6f8dc87f61113b22d531dd","title_filing_ssi":"34th year, # 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8","title_ssm":["34th year, # 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8"],"title_tesim":["34th year, # 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1969-1970"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1969-1970"],"normalized_title_ssm":["34th year, # 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 1969-1970"],"text":["34th year, # 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 1969-1970","Florida Bandmasters Association Records, 1936-2010","Bulletins","State Bulletins","/repositories/2/archival_objects/38700","box 3","folder 8"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["71b8a757b0f138dee122db24","71b8a757b0f138dee122db24_aspace_b4b97215712bf23eb440a9556e731f9a","71b8a757b0f138dee122db24_aspace_ecd34b1c0f836fabfbd1ffbd37054406"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Florida Bandmasters Association Records, 1936-2010","Bulletins","State Bulletins"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Florida Bandmasters Association Records, 1936-2010","Bulletins","State Bulletins"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Subseries"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/2/archival_objects/38700"],"repository_ssim":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Florida Bandmasters Association Records, 1936-2010"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":28,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to\nunprocessed born digital materials."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Permission to publish materials from the Florida Bandmasters Association Records must be obtained from the Florida Bandmasters Association. Please inquire with the College Archivist if you have questions 863-616-6487"],"date_range_isim":[1969,1970],"containers_ssim":["box 3","folder 8"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#0/components#25","_nest_parent_":"71b8a757b0f138dee122db24_aspace_ecd34b1c0f836fabfbd1ffbd37054406","_root_":"71b8a757b0f138dee122db24","_version_":1877102187519148032,"timestamp":"2026-09-23T06:15:45.471Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"71b8a757b0f138dee122db24","title_ssm":["Florida Bandmasters Association Records"],"title_tesim":["Florida Bandmasters Association Records"],"ead_ssi":"71b8a757b0f138dee122db24","unitdate_ssm":["1936-2010"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1936-2010"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS1000","/repositories/2/resources/26"],"text":["MS1000","/repositories/2/resources/26","Florida Bandmasters Association Records, 1936-2010","Florida Bandmaster Association","School bands--Florida--History","Music contests--Florida","Photographs--United States","Correspondence","Photographs","This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to\nunprocessed born digital materials.","The Florida Bandmasters Association (FBA) has guided the musical development of generations of Florida's high school students since 1936. Formed by a few visionary high school band directors from across Florida, the FBA sought to promote interest in high school bands and band contests during an era where few schools had bands but interest was growing, and to strengthen the professional standing of the state's band directors. The FBA sponsored a\nsingle State Festival for several years. In the late 1940's, the Festival became large enough that the state was divided into six geographical Districts, and District Contests were devised to serve as qualifiers for bands attending the State Contest. Since then, additional growth resulted in 10\nDistricts, then to 14, then to 15 in 1982, to 17 in 1987, and to 19 in 1995. There is still 19 districts.\nThroughout the years, the FBA has managed state- and district-level band festivals, clinics, and other events, ensuring that music remained in the public school curriculum and maintaining high musical standards for students. In 1966, the FBA completed an amicable merger with the Florida Association of Bandmasters, the equivalent organization for African-American schools\nprior to integration. The FABD had formed in 1941with Leander Kirksey as the first president. He was followed by George H. Hill (1955-1960) and James W. Wilson (1960-1966). Wilson later served as president of the FBA from 1974-1975. Early organizers and leaders of the FBA include some giants in the school band field, including first president Major Ed Chenette, P.J. Gustat, Browne Greaton Cole, and John J. Heney. For a complete list of presidents visit https://fba.flmusiced.org/about/history. FBA eventually became a component organization of the Florida Music Education Association.\nIn addition, the FBA had a relationship with the Florida High School Activities Association, from whom the FBA, and their associated events, received funding. John Joseph Heney, Sr. (1903-1978) was a percussionist, music educator, and historian. He played with numerous bands throughout his career, most notably the John Phillip Sousa Band during its final six years. In addition to playing professionally, Heney taught at numerous schools in the Florida area, including Ketterlinus High School, Stetson University, and DeLand High School, where he stayed for thirty-two years. He was a founder of the FBA and instrumental in starting the archives. For more information, please visit: http://www.pas.org/docs/defaultsource/SoundEnhancedPdfs/the-life-and-music-of-john-joseph-heney.pdf?sfvrsn=2","This collection documents the functions and activities of the Florida Bandmasters Association. Included are governance-related materials such as constitutions and bylaws, as well as informational bulletins; financial records; minutes of state, district, and committee meetings; and\ncorrespondence to and from Association leadership. Of note for genealogists are annual membership directories and membership applications from the 1940 into the 1960s that include a resume and photograph of each applicant. The collection also includes detailed records of band contests and festivals, with records pertaining to the administrative and logistical efforts as\nwell as results. Other documentary forms found in the collection are a small number of musical scores and cassette tapes of performances.","The records have been arranged in eight series, six of which have been further arranged in subseries.","Series 1: Bulletins, 1941-2010. Nine feet two inches or 22 boxes. Bulletins includes both State (1941-2010) and District (1946-1995) arranged separately and chronologically. The content of the bulletins changed slightly over the years, and may contain general information for the membership, meeting times, meeting agendas or minutes, and contest results. Some issues are missing.","Series 2: Constitutions, Bylaws, Handbooks, Manuals, \u0026 Proclamations, 1939-2010. 20 inches or 4 boxes. Arranged by year. Copies of the current constitution or by-law were often printed in an annual handbook.\nSeries 3: Contests and other events, 1936-1996. Twenty feet 5 inches or 49 boxes. Arranged in five subseries – Contests (1936-1996), Adjudication (1962-1992), Clinics (1943-1993), Music Lists (1954-1994), and Music Scores, n.d. Each subseries is arranged chronologically. Records include documents relating to events sponsored or managed by FBA, including district and state contests/festivals, the All-Star Marching Band, and All-State competitions.","Series 4: Correspondence, 1927-1994. Twelve feet, one inch or twenty-nine boxes. This series was maintained in original order (as found in 2018) which included materials by Correspondent (1927-1994), and more routine Business Correspondence by year (1948-1993). It contains a variety of letters from FBA presidents, executive secretaries, and other related people or organizations about finances, meetings, activities, events, and association history.\nSeries 5, Financial Records, 1939-2008. Two feet, eleven inches or seven boxes, arranged by year. Documents include ledgers, reports, and budgets at the state and district levels. Financial information can also be found in Bulletins and Minutes.","Series 6, Meetings, 1938-2009. Eight feet, nine inches or twenty-one boxes, arranged in four subseries and then chronologically. State and district meetings were held by officers and reflect decisions made for the group. State Minutes, 1938-1993 and District Minutes, 1945-2009 sometimes include agendas, but they typically describe the events of the meeting and may include a list of attendees, a statement of the issues considered by the participants, and related responses or decisions for the issues. The Committees, 1950-1993 minutes, arranged alphabetically by committee name are not a complete record of all committees. Some minutes were never filed with the main office. Some minutes of the committees are recorded in the bulletins. Decisions made at the business meeting attended by the general membership are found within the Summer Conventions, 1968-1993.","Series 7, Membership, 1949-2000. Three feet, ten inches or nine boxes. The Membership Applications, 1949-1985 from the earlier years often include a photograph and resume-like information. Directories, 1946-2000 are the compilation of information into a published booklet. The News includes some obituaries and newspaper clipping of some members.","Series 8, Related Materials, 1940-1974, n.d. Twenty inches, or five boxes. This last series includes materials by and about John J. Heney, Sr. Heney was a member of the Sousa Band Fraternal Society. Several boxes of materials reflect his involvement with the John Philip Sousa Band, and his interest in preserving Sousa's memory after the band leader's death. The Photographs include mostly albums of marching bands, but also of some band directors.","Permission to publish materials from the Florida Bandmasters Association Records must be obtained from the Florida Bandmasters Association. Please inquire with the College Archivist if you have questions 863-616-6487","The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections","Florida Bandmaster Association","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS1000","/repositories/2/resources/26"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1936-2010"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Florida Bandmasters Association Records, 1936-2010"],"collection_title_tesim":["Florida Bandmasters Association Records, 1936-2010"],"collection_ssim":["Florida Bandmasters Association Records, 1936-2010"],"repository_ssm":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections"],"repository_ssim":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections"],"creator_ssm":["Florida Bandmaster Association"],"creator_ssim":["Florida Bandmaster Association"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Florida Bandmaster Association"],"creators_ssim":["Florida Bandmaster Association"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish materials from the Florida Bandmasters Association Records must be obtained from the Florida Bandmasters Association. Please inquire with the College Archivist if you have questions 863-616-6487"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Beginning in 1967, John J. Heney took on the role of FBA archivist and began to assemble what records he could collect from former FBA presidents, executive director Robert Lampi, and individual bandmasters. Heney made arrangements with the University of Florida to store the records, which he delivered in several installments through 1978. In 1988, because of a connection between an FBA member and Florida Southern College, the collection was returned to the FBA and moved to FSC."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Florida Bandmaster Association","School bands--Florida--History","Music contests--Florida","Photographs--United States","Correspondence","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Florida Bandmaster Association","School bands--Florida--History","Music contests--Florida","Photographs--United States","Correspondence","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["60.5 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["60.5 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to\nunprocessed born digital materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to\nunprocessed born digital materials."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Florida Bandmasters Association (FBA) has guided the musical development of generations of Florida's high school students since 1936. Formed by a few visionary high school band directors from across Florida, the FBA sought to promote interest in high school bands and band contests during an era where few schools had bands but interest was growing, and to strengthen the professional standing of the state's band directors. The FBA sponsored a\nsingle State Festival for several years. In the late 1940's, the Festival became large enough that the state was divided into six geographical Districts, and District Contests were devised to serve as qualifiers for bands attending the State Contest. Since then, additional growth resulted in 10\nDistricts, then to 14, then to 15 in 1982, to 17 in 1987, and to 19 in 1995. There is still 19 districts.\nThroughout the years, the FBA has managed state- and district-level band festivals, clinics, and other events, ensuring that music remained in the public school curriculum and maintaining high musical standards for students. In 1966, the FBA completed an amicable merger with the Florida Association of Bandmasters, the equivalent organization for African-American schools\nprior to integration. The FABD had formed in 1941with Leander Kirksey as the first president. He was followed by George H. Hill (1955-1960) and James W. Wilson (1960-1966). Wilson later served as president of the FBA from 1974-1975. Early organizers and leaders of the FBA include some giants in the school band field, including first president Major Ed Chenette, P.J. Gustat, Browne Greaton Cole, and John J. Heney. For a complete list of presidents visit https://fba.flmusiced.org/about/history. FBA eventually became a component organization of the Florida Music Education Association.\nIn addition, the FBA had a relationship with the Florida High School Activities Association, from whom the FBA, and their associated events, received funding. John Joseph Heney, Sr. (1903-1978) was a percussionist, music educator, and historian. He played with numerous bands throughout his career, most notably the John Phillip Sousa Band during its final six years. In addition to playing professionally, Heney taught at numerous schools in the Florida area, including Ketterlinus High School, Stetson University, and DeLand High School, where he stayed for thirty-two years. He was a founder of the FBA and instrumental in starting the archives. For more information, please visit: http://www.pas.org/docs/defaultsource/SoundEnhancedPdfs/the-life-and-music-of-john-joseph-heney.pdf?sfvrsn=2\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Florida Bandmasters Association (FBA) has guided the musical development of generations of Florida's high school students since 1936. Formed by a few visionary high school band directors from across Florida, the FBA sought to promote interest in high school bands and band contests during an era where few schools had bands but interest was growing, and to strengthen the professional standing of the state's band directors. The FBA sponsored a\nsingle State Festival for several years. In the late 1940's, the Festival became large enough that the state was divided into six geographical Districts, and District Contests were devised to serve as qualifiers for bands attending the State Contest. Since then, additional growth resulted in 10\nDistricts, then to 14, then to 15 in 1982, to 17 in 1987, and to 19 in 1995. There is still 19 districts.\nThroughout the years, the FBA has managed state- and district-level band festivals, clinics, and other events, ensuring that music remained in the public school curriculum and maintaining high musical standards for students. In 1966, the FBA completed an amicable merger with the Florida Association of Bandmasters, the equivalent organization for African-American schools\nprior to integration. The FABD had formed in 1941with Leander Kirksey as the first president. He was followed by George H. Hill (1955-1960) and James W. Wilson (1960-1966). Wilson later served as president of the FBA from 1974-1975. Early organizers and leaders of the FBA include some giants in the school band field, including first president Major Ed Chenette, P.J. Gustat, Browne Greaton Cole, and John J. Heney. For a complete list of presidents visit https://fba.flmusiced.org/about/history. FBA eventually became a component organization of the Florida Music Education Association.\nIn addition, the FBA had a relationship with the Florida High School Activities Association, from whom the FBA, and their associated events, received funding. John Joseph Heney, Sr. (1903-1978) was a percussionist, music educator, and historian. He played with numerous bands throughout his career, most notably the John Phillip Sousa Band during its final six years. In addition to playing professionally, Heney taught at numerous schools in the Florida area, including Ketterlinus High School, Stetson University, and DeLand High School, where he stayed for thirty-two years. He was a founder of the FBA and instrumental in starting the archives. For more information, please visit: http://www.pas.org/docs/defaultsource/SoundEnhancedPdfs/the-life-and-music-of-john-joseph-heney.pdf?sfvrsn=2"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection documents the functions and activities of the Florida Bandmasters Association. Included are governance-related materials such as constitutions and bylaws, as well as informational bulletins; financial records; minutes of state, district, and committee meetings; and\ncorrespondence to and from Association leadership. Of note for genealogists are annual membership directories and membership applications from the 1940 into the 1960s that include a resume and photograph of each applicant. The collection also includes detailed records of band contests and festivals, with records pertaining to the administrative and logistical efforts as\nwell as results. Other documentary forms found in the collection are a small number of musical scores and cassette tapes of performances.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe records have been arranged in eight series, six of which have been further arranged in subseries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Bulletins, 1941-2010. Nine feet two inches or 22 boxes. Bulletins includes both State (1941-2010) and District (1946-1995) arranged separately and chronologically. The content of the bulletins changed slightly over the years, and may contain general information for the membership, meeting times, meeting agendas or minutes, and contest results. Some issues are missing.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Constitutions, Bylaws, Handbooks, Manuals, \u0026amp; Proclamations, 1939-2010. 20 inches or 4 boxes. Arranged by year. Copies of the current constitution or by-law were often printed in an annual handbook.\nSeries 3: Contests and other events, 1936-1996. Twenty feet 5 inches or 49 boxes. Arranged in five subseries \u0026#x2013; Contests (1936-1996), Adjudication (1962-1992), Clinics (1943-1993), Music Lists (1954-1994), and Music Scores, n.d. Each subseries is arranged chronologically. Records include documents relating to events sponsored or managed by FBA, including district and state contests/festivals, the All-Star Marching Band, and All-State competitions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Correspondence, 1927-1994. Twelve feet, one inch or twenty-nine boxes. This series was maintained in original order (as found in 2018) which included materials by Correspondent (1927-1994), and more routine Business Correspondence by year (1948-1993). It contains a variety of letters from FBA presidents, executive secretaries, and other related people or organizations about finances, meetings, activities, events, and association history.\nSeries 5, Financial Records, 1939-2008. Two feet, eleven inches or seven boxes, arranged by year. Documents include ledgers, reports, and budgets at the state and district levels. Financial information can also be found in Bulletins and Minutes.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6, Meetings, 1938-2009. Eight feet, nine inches or twenty-one boxes, arranged in four subseries and then chronologically. State and district meetings were held by officers and reflect decisions made for the group. State Minutes, 1938-1993 and District Minutes, 1945-2009 sometimes include agendas, but they typically describe the events of the meeting and may include a list of attendees, a statement of the issues considered by the participants, and related responses or decisions for the issues. The Committees, 1950-1993 minutes, arranged alphabetically by committee name are not a complete record of all committees. Some minutes were never filed with the main office. Some minutes of the committees are recorded in the bulletins. Decisions made at the business meeting attended by the general membership are found within the Summer Conventions, 1968-1993.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 7, Membership, 1949-2000. Three feet, ten inches or nine boxes. The Membership Applications, 1949-1985 from the earlier years often include a photograph and resume-like information. Directories, 1946-2000 are the compilation of information into a published booklet. The News includes some obituaries and newspaper clipping of some members.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 8, Related Materials, 1940-1974, n.d. Twenty inches, or five boxes. This last series includes materials by and about John J. Heney, Sr. Heney was a member of the Sousa Band Fraternal Society. Several boxes of materials reflect his involvement with the John Philip Sousa Band, and his interest in preserving Sousa's memory after the band leader's death. The Photographs include mostly albums of marching bands, but also of some band directors.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection documents the functions and activities of the Florida Bandmasters Association. Included are governance-related materials such as constitutions and bylaws, as well as informational bulletins; financial records; minutes of state, district, and committee meetings; and\ncorrespondence to and from Association leadership. Of note for genealogists are annual membership directories and membership applications from the 1940 into the 1960s that include a resume and photograph of each applicant. The collection also includes detailed records of band contests and festivals, with records pertaining to the administrative and logistical efforts as\nwell as results. Other documentary forms found in the collection are a small number of musical scores and cassette tapes of performances.","The records have been arranged in eight series, six of which have been further arranged in subseries.","Series 1: Bulletins, 1941-2010. Nine feet two inches or 22 boxes. Bulletins includes both State (1941-2010) and District (1946-1995) arranged separately and chronologically. The content of the bulletins changed slightly over the years, and may contain general information for the membership, meeting times, meeting agendas or minutes, and contest results. Some issues are missing.","Series 2: Constitutions, Bylaws, Handbooks, Manuals, \u0026 Proclamations, 1939-2010. 20 inches or 4 boxes. Arranged by year. Copies of the current constitution or by-law were often printed in an annual handbook.\nSeries 3: Contests and other events, 1936-1996. Twenty feet 5 inches or 49 boxes. Arranged in five subseries – Contests (1936-1996), Adjudication (1962-1992), Clinics (1943-1993), Music Lists (1954-1994), and Music Scores, n.d. Each subseries is arranged chronologically. Records include documents relating to events sponsored or managed by FBA, including district and state contests/festivals, the All-Star Marching Band, and All-State competitions.","Series 4: Correspondence, 1927-1994. Twelve feet, one inch or twenty-nine boxes. This series was maintained in original order (as found in 2018) which included materials by Correspondent (1927-1994), and more routine Business Correspondence by year (1948-1993). It contains a variety of letters from FBA presidents, executive secretaries, and other related people or organizations about finances, meetings, activities, events, and association history.\nSeries 5, Financial Records, 1939-2008. Two feet, eleven inches or seven boxes, arranged by year. Documents include ledgers, reports, and budgets at the state and district levels. Financial information can also be found in Bulletins and Minutes.","Series 6, Meetings, 1938-2009. Eight feet, nine inches or twenty-one boxes, arranged in four subseries and then chronologically. State and district meetings were held by officers and reflect decisions made for the group. State Minutes, 1938-1993 and District Minutes, 1945-2009 sometimes include agendas, but they typically describe the events of the meeting and may include a list of attendees, a statement of the issues considered by the participants, and related responses or decisions for the issues. The Committees, 1950-1993 minutes, arranged alphabetically by committee name are not a complete record of all committees. Some minutes were never filed with the main office. Some minutes of the committees are recorded in the bulletins. Decisions made at the business meeting attended by the general membership are found within the Summer Conventions, 1968-1993.","Series 7, Membership, 1949-2000. Three feet, ten inches or nine boxes. The Membership Applications, 1949-1985 from the earlier years often include a photograph and resume-like information. Directories, 1946-2000 are the compilation of information into a published booklet. The News includes some obituaries and newspaper clipping of some members.","Series 8, Related Materials, 1940-1974, n.d. Twenty inches, or five boxes. This last series includes materials by and about John J. Heney, Sr. Heney was a member of the Sousa Band Fraternal Society. Several boxes of materials reflect his involvement with the John Philip Sousa Band, and his interest in preserving Sousa's memory after the band leader's death. The Photographs include mostly albums of marching bands, but also of some band directors."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish materials from the Florida Bandmasters Association Records must be obtained from the Florida Bandmasters Association. Please inquire with the College Archivist if you have questions 863-616-6487\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish materials from the Florida Bandmasters Association Records must be obtained from the Florida Bandmasters Association. Please inquire with the College Archivist if you have questions 863-616-6487"],"names_ssim":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections","Florida Bandmaster Association"],"corpname_ssim":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections","Florida Bandmaster Association"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2839,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1877102187519148032,"_root_":"71b8a757b0f138dee122db24","timestamp":"2026-09-23T06:15:45.471Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/71b8a757b0f138dee122db24_aspace_eb238ae90e6f8dc87f61113b22d531dd"}},{"id":"71b8a757b0f138dee122db24_aspace_ef691c5df2d8f5be8e7066c3898f47a5","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"35th year, # 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 1970-1971","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/71b8a757b0f138dee122db24_aspace_ef691c5df2d8f5be8e7066c3898f47a5#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_ef691c5df2d8f5be8e7066c3898f47a5","ref_ssm":["aspace_ef691c5df2d8f5be8e7066c3898f47a5","aspace_ef691c5df2d8f5be8e7066c3898f47a5"],"id":"71b8a757b0f138dee122db24_aspace_ef691c5df2d8f5be8e7066c3898f47a5","title_filing_ssi":"35th year, # 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8","title_ssm":["35th year, # 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8"],"title_tesim":["35th year, # 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1970-1971"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1970-1971"],"normalized_title_ssm":["35th year, # 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 1970-1971"],"text":["35th year, # 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 1970-1971","Florida Bandmasters Association Records, 1936-2010","Bulletins","State Bulletins","/repositories/2/archival_objects/38701","box 3","folder 9"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["71b8a757b0f138dee122db24","71b8a757b0f138dee122db24_aspace_b4b97215712bf23eb440a9556e731f9a","71b8a757b0f138dee122db24_aspace_ecd34b1c0f836fabfbd1ffbd37054406"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Florida Bandmasters Association Records, 1936-2010","Bulletins","State Bulletins"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Florida Bandmasters Association Records, 1936-2010","Bulletins","State Bulletins"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Subseries"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/2/archival_objects/38701"],"repository_ssim":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Florida Bandmasters Association Records, 1936-2010"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":29,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to\nunprocessed born digital materials."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Permission to publish materials from the Florida Bandmasters Association Records must be obtained from the Florida Bandmasters Association. Please inquire with the College Archivist if you have questions 863-616-6487"],"date_range_isim":[1970,1971],"containers_ssim":["box 3","folder 9"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#0/components#26","_nest_parent_":"71b8a757b0f138dee122db24_aspace_ecd34b1c0f836fabfbd1ffbd37054406","_root_":"71b8a757b0f138dee122db24","_version_":1877102187519148032,"timestamp":"2026-09-23T06:15:45.471Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"71b8a757b0f138dee122db24","title_ssm":["Florida Bandmasters Association Records"],"title_tesim":["Florida Bandmasters Association Records"],"ead_ssi":"71b8a757b0f138dee122db24","unitdate_ssm":["1936-2010"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1936-2010"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS1000","/repositories/2/resources/26"],"text":["MS1000","/repositories/2/resources/26","Florida Bandmasters Association Records, 1936-2010","Florida Bandmaster Association","School bands--Florida--History","Music contests--Florida","Photographs--United States","Correspondence","Photographs","This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to\nunprocessed born digital materials.","The Florida Bandmasters Association (FBA) has guided the musical development of generations of Florida's high school students since 1936. Formed by a few visionary high school band directors from across Florida, the FBA sought to promote interest in high school bands and band contests during an era where few schools had bands but interest was growing, and to strengthen the professional standing of the state's band directors. The FBA sponsored a\nsingle State Festival for several years. In the late 1940's, the Festival became large enough that the state was divided into six geographical Districts, and District Contests were devised to serve as qualifiers for bands attending the State Contest. Since then, additional growth resulted in 10\nDistricts, then to 14, then to 15 in 1982, to 17 in 1987, and to 19 in 1995. There is still 19 districts.\nThroughout the years, the FBA has managed state- and district-level band festivals, clinics, and other events, ensuring that music remained in the public school curriculum and maintaining high musical standards for students. In 1966, the FBA completed an amicable merger with the Florida Association of Bandmasters, the equivalent organization for African-American schools\nprior to integration. The FABD had formed in 1941with Leander Kirksey as the first president. He was followed by George H. Hill (1955-1960) and James W. Wilson (1960-1966). Wilson later served as president of the FBA from 1974-1975. Early organizers and leaders of the FBA include some giants in the school band field, including first president Major Ed Chenette, P.J. Gustat, Browne Greaton Cole, and John J. Heney. For a complete list of presidents visit https://fba.flmusiced.org/about/history. FBA eventually became a component organization of the Florida Music Education Association.\nIn addition, the FBA had a relationship with the Florida High School Activities Association, from whom the FBA, and their associated events, received funding. John Joseph Heney, Sr. (1903-1978) was a percussionist, music educator, and historian. He played with numerous bands throughout his career, most notably the John Phillip Sousa Band during its final six years. In addition to playing professionally, Heney taught at numerous schools in the Florida area, including Ketterlinus High School, Stetson University, and DeLand High School, where he stayed for thirty-two years. He was a founder of the FBA and instrumental in starting the archives. For more information, please visit: http://www.pas.org/docs/defaultsource/SoundEnhancedPdfs/the-life-and-music-of-john-joseph-heney.pdf?sfvrsn=2","This collection documents the functions and activities of the Florida Bandmasters Association. Included are governance-related materials such as constitutions and bylaws, as well as informational bulletins; financial records; minutes of state, district, and committee meetings; and\ncorrespondence to and from Association leadership. Of note for genealogists are annual membership directories and membership applications from the 1940 into the 1960s that include a resume and photograph of each applicant. The collection also includes detailed records of band contests and festivals, with records pertaining to the administrative and logistical efforts as\nwell as results. Other documentary forms found in the collection are a small number of musical scores and cassette tapes of performances.","The records have been arranged in eight series, six of which have been further arranged in subseries.","Series 1: Bulletins, 1941-2010. Nine feet two inches or 22 boxes. Bulletins includes both State (1941-2010) and District (1946-1995) arranged separately and chronologically. The content of the bulletins changed slightly over the years, and may contain general information for the membership, meeting times, meeting agendas or minutes, and contest results. Some issues are missing.","Series 2: Constitutions, Bylaws, Handbooks, Manuals, \u0026 Proclamations, 1939-2010. 20 inches or 4 boxes. Arranged by year. Copies of the current constitution or by-law were often printed in an annual handbook.\nSeries 3: Contests and other events, 1936-1996. Twenty feet 5 inches or 49 boxes. Arranged in five subseries – Contests (1936-1996), Adjudication (1962-1992), Clinics (1943-1993), Music Lists (1954-1994), and Music Scores, n.d. Each subseries is arranged chronologically. Records include documents relating to events sponsored or managed by FBA, including district and state contests/festivals, the All-Star Marching Band, and All-State competitions.","Series 4: Correspondence, 1927-1994. Twelve feet, one inch or twenty-nine boxes. This series was maintained in original order (as found in 2018) which included materials by Correspondent (1927-1994), and more routine Business Correspondence by year (1948-1993). It contains a variety of letters from FBA presidents, executive secretaries, and other related people or organizations about finances, meetings, activities, events, and association history.\nSeries 5, Financial Records, 1939-2008. Two feet, eleven inches or seven boxes, arranged by year. Documents include ledgers, reports, and budgets at the state and district levels. Financial information can also be found in Bulletins and Minutes.","Series 6, Meetings, 1938-2009. Eight feet, nine inches or twenty-one boxes, arranged in four subseries and then chronologically. State and district meetings were held by officers and reflect decisions made for the group. State Minutes, 1938-1993 and District Minutes, 1945-2009 sometimes include agendas, but they typically describe the events of the meeting and may include a list of attendees, a statement of the issues considered by the participants, and related responses or decisions for the issues. The Committees, 1950-1993 minutes, arranged alphabetically by committee name are not a complete record of all committees. Some minutes were never filed with the main office. Some minutes of the committees are recorded in the bulletins. Decisions made at the business meeting attended by the general membership are found within the Summer Conventions, 1968-1993.","Series 7, Membership, 1949-2000. Three feet, ten inches or nine boxes. The Membership Applications, 1949-1985 from the earlier years often include a photograph and resume-like information. Directories, 1946-2000 are the compilation of information into a published booklet. The News includes some obituaries and newspaper clipping of some members.","Series 8, Related Materials, 1940-1974, n.d. Twenty inches, or five boxes. This last series includes materials by and about John J. Heney, Sr. Heney was a member of the Sousa Band Fraternal Society. Several boxes of materials reflect his involvement with the John Philip Sousa Band, and his interest in preserving Sousa's memory after the band leader's death. The Photographs include mostly albums of marching bands, but also of some band directors.","Permission to publish materials from the Florida Bandmasters Association Records must be obtained from the Florida Bandmasters Association. Please inquire with the College Archivist if you have questions 863-616-6487","The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections","Florida Bandmaster Association","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS1000","/repositories/2/resources/26"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1936-2010"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Florida Bandmasters Association Records, 1936-2010"],"collection_title_tesim":["Florida Bandmasters Association Records, 1936-2010"],"collection_ssim":["Florida Bandmasters Association Records, 1936-2010"],"repository_ssm":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections"],"repository_ssim":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections"],"creator_ssm":["Florida Bandmaster Association"],"creator_ssim":["Florida Bandmaster Association"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Florida Bandmaster Association"],"creators_ssim":["Florida Bandmaster Association"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish materials from the Florida Bandmasters Association Records must be obtained from the Florida Bandmasters Association. Please inquire with the College Archivist if you have questions 863-616-6487"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Beginning in 1967, John J. Heney took on the role of FBA archivist and began to assemble what records he could collect from former FBA presidents, executive director Robert Lampi, and individual bandmasters. Heney made arrangements with the University of Florida to store the records, which he delivered in several installments through 1978. In 1988, because of a connection between an FBA member and Florida Southern College, the collection was returned to the FBA and moved to FSC."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Florida Bandmaster Association","School bands--Florida--History","Music contests--Florida","Photographs--United States","Correspondence","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Florida Bandmaster Association","School bands--Florida--History","Music contests--Florida","Photographs--United States","Correspondence","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["60.5 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["60.5 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to\nunprocessed born digital materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to\nunprocessed born digital materials."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Florida Bandmasters Association (FBA) has guided the musical development of generations of Florida's high school students since 1936. Formed by a few visionary high school band directors from across Florida, the FBA sought to promote interest in high school bands and band contests during an era where few schools had bands but interest was growing, and to strengthen the professional standing of the state's band directors. The FBA sponsored a\nsingle State Festival for several years. In the late 1940's, the Festival became large enough that the state was divided into six geographical Districts, and District Contests were devised to serve as qualifiers for bands attending the State Contest. Since then, additional growth resulted in 10\nDistricts, then to 14, then to 15 in 1982, to 17 in 1987, and to 19 in 1995. There is still 19 districts.\nThroughout the years, the FBA has managed state- and district-level band festivals, clinics, and other events, ensuring that music remained in the public school curriculum and maintaining high musical standards for students. In 1966, the FBA completed an amicable merger with the Florida Association of Bandmasters, the equivalent organization for African-American schools\nprior to integration. The FABD had formed in 1941with Leander Kirksey as the first president. He was followed by George H. Hill (1955-1960) and James W. Wilson (1960-1966). Wilson later served as president of the FBA from 1974-1975. Early organizers and leaders of the FBA include some giants in the school band field, including first president Major Ed Chenette, P.J. Gustat, Browne Greaton Cole, and John J. Heney. For a complete list of presidents visit https://fba.flmusiced.org/about/history. FBA eventually became a component organization of the Florida Music Education Association.\nIn addition, the FBA had a relationship with the Florida High School Activities Association, from whom the FBA, and their associated events, received funding. John Joseph Heney, Sr. (1903-1978) was a percussionist, music educator, and historian. He played with numerous bands throughout his career, most notably the John Phillip Sousa Band during its final six years. In addition to playing professionally, Heney taught at numerous schools in the Florida area, including Ketterlinus High School, Stetson University, and DeLand High School, where he stayed for thirty-two years. He was a founder of the FBA and instrumental in starting the archives. For more information, please visit: http://www.pas.org/docs/defaultsource/SoundEnhancedPdfs/the-life-and-music-of-john-joseph-heney.pdf?sfvrsn=2\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Florida Bandmasters Association (FBA) has guided the musical development of generations of Florida's high school students since 1936. Formed by a few visionary high school band directors from across Florida, the FBA sought to promote interest in high school bands and band contests during an era where few schools had bands but interest was growing, and to strengthen the professional standing of the state's band directors. The FBA sponsored a\nsingle State Festival for several years. In the late 1940's, the Festival became large enough that the state was divided into six geographical Districts, and District Contests were devised to serve as qualifiers for bands attending the State Contest. Since then, additional growth resulted in 10\nDistricts, then to 14, then to 15 in 1982, to 17 in 1987, and to 19 in 1995. There is still 19 districts.\nThroughout the years, the FBA has managed state- and district-level band festivals, clinics, and other events, ensuring that music remained in the public school curriculum and maintaining high musical standards for students. In 1966, the FBA completed an amicable merger with the Florida Association of Bandmasters, the equivalent organization for African-American schools\nprior to integration. The FABD had formed in 1941with Leander Kirksey as the first president. He was followed by George H. Hill (1955-1960) and James W. Wilson (1960-1966). Wilson later served as president of the FBA from 1974-1975. Early organizers and leaders of the FBA include some giants in the school band field, including first president Major Ed Chenette, P.J. Gustat, Browne Greaton Cole, and John J. Heney. For a complete list of presidents visit https://fba.flmusiced.org/about/history. FBA eventually became a component organization of the Florida Music Education Association.\nIn addition, the FBA had a relationship with the Florida High School Activities Association, from whom the FBA, and their associated events, received funding. John Joseph Heney, Sr. (1903-1978) was a percussionist, music educator, and historian. He played with numerous bands throughout his career, most notably the John Phillip Sousa Band during its final six years. In addition to playing professionally, Heney taught at numerous schools in the Florida area, including Ketterlinus High School, Stetson University, and DeLand High School, where he stayed for thirty-two years. He was a founder of the FBA and instrumental in starting the archives. For more information, please visit: http://www.pas.org/docs/defaultsource/SoundEnhancedPdfs/the-life-and-music-of-john-joseph-heney.pdf?sfvrsn=2"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection documents the functions and activities of the Florida Bandmasters Association. Included are governance-related materials such as constitutions and bylaws, as well as informational bulletins; financial records; minutes of state, district, and committee meetings; and\ncorrespondence to and from Association leadership. Of note for genealogists are annual membership directories and membership applications from the 1940 into the 1960s that include a resume and photograph of each applicant. The collection also includes detailed records of band contests and festivals, with records pertaining to the administrative and logistical efforts as\nwell as results. Other documentary forms found in the collection are a small number of musical scores and cassette tapes of performances.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe records have been arranged in eight series, six of which have been further arranged in subseries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Bulletins, 1941-2010. Nine feet two inches or 22 boxes. Bulletins includes both State (1941-2010) and District (1946-1995) arranged separately and chronologically. The content of the bulletins changed slightly over the years, and may contain general information for the membership, meeting times, meeting agendas or minutes, and contest results. Some issues are missing.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Constitutions, Bylaws, Handbooks, Manuals, \u0026amp; Proclamations, 1939-2010. 20 inches or 4 boxes. Arranged by year. Copies of the current constitution or by-law were often printed in an annual handbook.\nSeries 3: Contests and other events, 1936-1996. Twenty feet 5 inches or 49 boxes. Arranged in five subseries \u0026#x2013; Contests (1936-1996), Adjudication (1962-1992), Clinics (1943-1993), Music Lists (1954-1994), and Music Scores, n.d. Each subseries is arranged chronologically. Records include documents relating to events sponsored or managed by FBA, including district and state contests/festivals, the All-Star Marching Band, and All-State competitions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Correspondence, 1927-1994. Twelve feet, one inch or twenty-nine boxes. This series was maintained in original order (as found in 2018) which included materials by Correspondent (1927-1994), and more routine Business Correspondence by year (1948-1993). It contains a variety of letters from FBA presidents, executive secretaries, and other related people or organizations about finances, meetings, activities, events, and association history.\nSeries 5, Financial Records, 1939-2008. Two feet, eleven inches or seven boxes, arranged by year. Documents include ledgers, reports, and budgets at the state and district levels. Financial information can also be found in Bulletins and Minutes.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6, Meetings, 1938-2009. Eight feet, nine inches or twenty-one boxes, arranged in four subseries and then chronologically. State and district meetings were held by officers and reflect decisions made for the group. State Minutes, 1938-1993 and District Minutes, 1945-2009 sometimes include agendas, but they typically describe the events of the meeting and may include a list of attendees, a statement of the issues considered by the participants, and related responses or decisions for the issues. The Committees, 1950-1993 minutes, arranged alphabetically by committee name are not a complete record of all committees. Some minutes were never filed with the main office. Some minutes of the committees are recorded in the bulletins. Decisions made at the business meeting attended by the general membership are found within the Summer Conventions, 1968-1993.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 7, Membership, 1949-2000. Three feet, ten inches or nine boxes. The Membership Applications, 1949-1985 from the earlier years often include a photograph and resume-like information. Directories, 1946-2000 are the compilation of information into a published booklet. The News includes some obituaries and newspaper clipping of some members.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 8, Related Materials, 1940-1974, n.d. Twenty inches, or five boxes. This last series includes materials by and about John J. Heney, Sr. Heney was a member of the Sousa Band Fraternal Society. Several boxes of materials reflect his involvement with the John Philip Sousa Band, and his interest in preserving Sousa's memory after the band leader's death. The Photographs include mostly albums of marching bands, but also of some band directors.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection documents the functions and activities of the Florida Bandmasters Association. Included are governance-related materials such as constitutions and bylaws, as well as informational bulletins; financial records; minutes of state, district, and committee meetings; and\ncorrespondence to and from Association leadership. Of note for genealogists are annual membership directories and membership applications from the 1940 into the 1960s that include a resume and photograph of each applicant. The collection also includes detailed records of band contests and festivals, with records pertaining to the administrative and logistical efforts as\nwell as results. Other documentary forms found in the collection are a small number of musical scores and cassette tapes of performances.","The records have been arranged in eight series, six of which have been further arranged in subseries.","Series 1: Bulletins, 1941-2010. Nine feet two inches or 22 boxes. Bulletins includes both State (1941-2010) and District (1946-1995) arranged separately and chronologically. The content of the bulletins changed slightly over the years, and may contain general information for the membership, meeting times, meeting agendas or minutes, and contest results. Some issues are missing.","Series 2: Constitutions, Bylaws, Handbooks, Manuals, \u0026 Proclamations, 1939-2010. 20 inches or 4 boxes. Arranged by year. Copies of the current constitution or by-law were often printed in an annual handbook.\nSeries 3: Contests and other events, 1936-1996. Twenty feet 5 inches or 49 boxes. Arranged in five subseries – Contests (1936-1996), Adjudication (1962-1992), Clinics (1943-1993), Music Lists (1954-1994), and Music Scores, n.d. Each subseries is arranged chronologically. Records include documents relating to events sponsored or managed by FBA, including district and state contests/festivals, the All-Star Marching Band, and All-State competitions.","Series 4: Correspondence, 1927-1994. Twelve feet, one inch or twenty-nine boxes. This series was maintained in original order (as found in 2018) which included materials by Correspondent (1927-1994), and more routine Business Correspondence by year (1948-1993). It contains a variety of letters from FBA presidents, executive secretaries, and other related people or organizations about finances, meetings, activities, events, and association history.\nSeries 5, Financial Records, 1939-2008. Two feet, eleven inches or seven boxes, arranged by year. Documents include ledgers, reports, and budgets at the state and district levels. Financial information can also be found in Bulletins and Minutes.","Series 6, Meetings, 1938-2009. Eight feet, nine inches or twenty-one boxes, arranged in four subseries and then chronologically. State and district meetings were held by officers and reflect decisions made for the group. State Minutes, 1938-1993 and District Minutes, 1945-2009 sometimes include agendas, but they typically describe the events of the meeting and may include a list of attendees, a statement of the issues considered by the participants, and related responses or decisions for the issues. The Committees, 1950-1993 minutes, arranged alphabetically by committee name are not a complete record of all committees. Some minutes were never filed with the main office. Some minutes of the committees are recorded in the bulletins. Decisions made at the business meeting attended by the general membership are found within the Summer Conventions, 1968-1993.","Series 7, Membership, 1949-2000. Three feet, ten inches or nine boxes. The Membership Applications, 1949-1985 from the earlier years often include a photograph and resume-like information. Directories, 1946-2000 are the compilation of information into a published booklet. The News includes some obituaries and newspaper clipping of some members.","Series 8, Related Materials, 1940-1974, n.d. Twenty inches, or five boxes. This last series includes materials by and about John J. Heney, Sr. Heney was a member of the Sousa Band Fraternal Society. Several boxes of materials reflect his involvement with the John Philip Sousa Band, and his interest in preserving Sousa's memory after the band leader's death. The Photographs include mostly albums of marching bands, but also of some band directors."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish materials from the Florida Bandmasters Association Records must be obtained from the Florida Bandmasters Association. Please inquire with the College Archivist if you have questions 863-616-6487\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish materials from the Florida Bandmasters Association Records must be obtained from the Florida Bandmasters Association. Please inquire with the College Archivist if you have questions 863-616-6487"],"names_ssim":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections","Florida Bandmaster Association"],"corpname_ssim":["The Sarah D. and L. 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Such works came from renowned artists William Merritt Chase, Eadweard Muybridge, Rufino Tamayo, Duane Hanson, and Agustin Fernandez. MMAC's formation began in the early 1960s when a group of art enthusiasts brought renowned artists such as Robert Motherwell, James Brooks and Josef Albers to Miami for seminars and workshops.  The Lowe Gallery at the University of Miami agreed to provide space for these art activities.  Within a year, the group founded the Arts Council, Inc. and moved to a larger space in Kendall. Throughout the 1960's the program continued to grow and began exhibiting and collecting works of art and became a not-for profit organization changing its name to Miami Art Center (MAC). In 1973, MAC merged with the Miami Museum of Modern Art to form the Metropolitan Museum and Art Center.  In 1975, MMAC moved from Kendall to the historic Biltmore Country Club in Coral Gables and continued to present premier exhibitions of a variety of collections including local, national, and international collections.","This collection contains documents including but not limited to exhibit brochures, video gallery exhibitions, select artifacts from sunken ships, photographs, sculptures, and prints. This includes the Quicksilver Galleons believed to have sunk near the Dominican Republic in the early 18th century. Additionally, these archives are not limited to Latin America, but do contain select workings from the Far East, such as Japanese ceramic art.","Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general","FIU Special Collections","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SPC4080","/repositories/2/resources/76"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1968-1988"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Miami Metropolitan Museum and Art Center Collection, 1968-1988"],"collection_title_tesim":["Miami Metropolitan Museum and Art Center Collection, 1968-1988"],"collection_ssim":["Miami Metropolitan Museum and Art Center Collection, 1968-1988"],"repository_ssm":["FIU Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Metropolitan Museum and Art Centers- Art Collections","Metropolitan Museum and Art Centers- Manuscript collections"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Metropolitan Museum and Art Centers- Art Collections","Metropolitan Museum and Art Centers- Manuscript collections"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["17.00 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["17.00 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWhen the Metropolitan Museum and Art Center (MMAC) closed in 1989, the Art Museum at Florida International University acquired the collection of over 2,300 objects, such as sculptures, photographs, paintings, and other significant cultural artifacts from around the world spanning from the 18th to the 20th century. Such works came from renowned artists William Merritt Chase, Eadweard Muybridge, Rufino Tamayo, Duane Hanson, and Agustin Fernandez. MMAC's formation began in the early 1960s when a group of art enthusiasts brought renowned artists such as Robert Motherwell, James Brooks and Josef Albers to Miami for seminars and workshops.  The Lowe Gallery at the University of Miami agreed to provide space for these art activities.  Within a year, the group founded the Arts Council, Inc. and moved to a larger space in Kendall. Throughout the 1960's the program continued to grow and began exhibiting and collecting works of art and became a not-for profit organization changing its name to Miami Art Center (MAC). In 1973, MAC merged with the Miami Museum of Modern Art to form the Metropolitan Museum and Art Center.  In 1975, MMAC moved from Kendall to the historic Biltmore Country Club in Coral Gables and continued to present premier exhibitions of a variety of collections including local, national, and international collections.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["When the Metropolitan Museum and Art Center (MMAC) closed in 1989, the Art Museum at Florida International University acquired the collection of over 2,300 objects, such as sculptures, photographs, paintings, and other significant cultural artifacts from around the world spanning from the 18th to the 20th century. Such works came from renowned artists William Merritt Chase, Eadweard Muybridge, Rufino Tamayo, Duane Hanson, and Agustin Fernandez. MMAC's formation began in the early 1960s when a group of art enthusiasts brought renowned artists such as Robert Motherwell, James Brooks and Josef Albers to Miami for seminars and workshops.  The Lowe Gallery at the University of Miami agreed to provide space for these art activities.  Within a year, the group founded the Arts Council, Inc. and moved to a larger space in Kendall. Throughout the 1960's the program continued to grow and began exhibiting and collecting works of art and became a not-for profit organization changing its name to Miami Art Center (MAC). In 1973, MAC merged with the Miami Museum of Modern Art to form the Metropolitan Museum and Art Center.  In 1975, MMAC moved from Kendall to the historic Biltmore Country Club in Coral Gables and continued to present premier exhibitions of a variety of collections including local, national, and international collections."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains documents including but not limited to exhibit brochures, video gallery exhibitions, select artifacts from sunken ships, photographs, sculptures, and prints. This includes the Quicksilver Galleons believed to have sunk near the Dominican Republic in the early 18th century. Additionally, these archives are not limited to Latin America, but do contain select workings from the Far East, such as Japanese ceramic art.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains documents including but not limited to exhibit brochures, video gallery exhibitions, select artifacts from sunken ships, photographs, sculptures, and prints. This includes the Quicksilver Galleons believed to have sunk near the Dominican Republic in the early 18th century. Additionally, these archives are not limited to Latin America, but do contain select workings from the Far East, such as Japanese ceramic art."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections \u0026amp; University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"names_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"corpname_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":909,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1872203331105980416,"_root_":"632b627b03e7762cd9deea62","timestamp":"2026-07-31T04:30:31.956Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/632b627b03e7762cd9deea62_aspace_39279"}},{"id":"bf94ada4377f2dbc813062ab_aspace_31e565b922efff8884ecac5f51948150","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"\"45- A Very Interesting Spot At The Alligator Farm, St. Petersburg, Florida. The Sunshine City.\", bulk 1970-1990","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/bf94ada4377f2dbc813062ab_aspace_31e565b922efff8884ecac5f51948150#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eA postcard depicting the inside view of the breeding pool at The Alligator Farm.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/bf94ada4377f2dbc813062ab_aspace_31e565b922efff8884ecac5f51948150#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_31e565b922efff8884ecac5f51948150","ref_ssm":["aspace_31e565b922efff8884ecac5f51948150","aspace_31e565b922efff8884ecac5f51948150"],"id":"bf94ada4377f2dbc813062ab_aspace_31e565b922efff8884ecac5f51948150","title_filing_ssi":"\"45- A Very Interesting Spot At The Alligator Farm, St. Petersburg, Florida. The Sunshine City.\"","title_ssm":["\"45- A Very Interesting Spot At The Alligator Farm, St. Petersburg, Florida. The Sunshine City.\""],"title_tesim":["\"45- A Very Interesting Spot At The Alligator Farm, St. Petersburg, Florida. The Sunshine City.\""],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1970-1990"],"normalized_date_ssm":["bulk 1970-1990"],"normalized_title_ssm":["\"45- A Very Interesting Spot At The Alligator Farm, St. Petersburg, Florida. The Sunshine City.\", bulk 1970-1990"],"text":["\"45- A Very Interesting Spot At The Alligator Farm, St. Petersburg, Florida. The Sunshine City.\", bulk 1970-1990","Vintage Florida Postcards, 1930-2025","St. Petersburg Postcards, bulk 1922-1990","Item 20","/repositories/2/archival_objects/43179","Saint Petersburg (Fla.)","American alligator","Postcards.\t","English","A postcard depicting the inside view of the breeding pool at The Alligator Farm."],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["bf94ada4377f2dbc813062ab","bf94ada4377f2dbc813062ab_aspace_20470"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Vintage Florida Postcards, 1930-2025","St. Petersburg Postcards, bulk 1922-1990"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Vintage Florida Postcards, 1930-2025","St. Petersburg Postcards, bulk 1922-1990"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","File"],"unitid_ssm":["Item 20","/repositories/2/archival_objects/43179"],"repository_ssim":["Florida Gulf Coast University Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Vintage Florida Postcards, 1930-2025"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":91,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open and available for research."],"date_range_isim":[1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990],"geogname_ssim":["Saint Petersburg (Fla.)"],"geogname_ssm":["Saint Petersburg (Fla.)"],"places_ssim":["Saint Petersburg (Fla.)"],"access_subjects_ssim":["American alligator","Postcards.\t"],"access_subjects_ssm":["American alligator","Postcards.\t"],"language_ssim":["English"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA postcard depicting the inside view of the breeding pool at The Alligator Farm.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["A postcard depicting the inside view of the breeding pool at The Alligator Farm."],"_nest_path_":"/components#4/components#19","_nest_parent_":"bf94ada4377f2dbc813062ab_aspace_20470","_root_":"bf94ada4377f2dbc813062ab","timestamp":"2026-04-28T01:56:33.260Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"bf94ada4377f2dbc813062ab","title_ssm":["Vintage Florida Postcards"],"title_tesim":["Vintage Florida Postcards"],"ead_ssi":"bf94ada4377f2dbc813062ab","unitdate_ssm":["1930-2025"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1930-2025"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["02/01/44","/repositories/2/resources/109"],"text":["02/01/44","/repositories/2/resources/109","Vintage Florida Postcards, 1930-2025","Florida.","Seminole Tribe of Florida.","Photography.","Tourism--Florida.","Florida--Postcards","Postcards.\t","The collection is open and available for research.","Materials included in the Vintage Florida Postcard collection include postcards from regions spanning the State of Florida.","Florida Gulf Coast University Special Collections","Dexter Press (West Nyack, New York)","Sell, William, Mrs.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["02/01/44","/repositories/2/resources/109"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1930-2025"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Vintage Florida Postcards, 1930-2025"],"collection_title_tesim":["Vintage Florida Postcards, 1930-2025"],"collection_ssim":["Vintage Florida Postcards, 1930-2025"],"repository_ssm":["Florida Gulf Coast University Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["Florida Gulf Coast University Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Florida.","Seminole Tribe of Florida.","Photography.","Tourism--Florida."],"geogname_ssim":["Florida.","Seminole Tribe of Florida.","Photography.","Tourism--Florida."],"places_ssim":["Florida.","Seminole Tribe of Florida.","Photography.","Tourism--Florida."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Florida--Postcards","Postcards.\t"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Florida--Postcards","Postcards.\t"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".5 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":[".5 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024,2025],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open and available for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open and available for research."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials included in the Vintage Florida Postcard collection include postcards from regions spanning the State of Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Materials included in the Vintage Florida Postcard collection include postcards from regions spanning the State of Florida."],"names_ssim":["Florida Gulf Coast University Special Collections","Dexter Press (West Nyack, New York)","Sell, William, Mrs."],"corpname_ssim":["Florida Gulf Coast University Special Collections","Dexter Press (West Nyack, New York)"],"persname_ssim":["Sell, William, Mrs."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":285,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"bf94ada4377f2dbc813062ab","timestamp":"2026-04-28T01:56:33.260Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/bf94ada4377f2dbc813062ab_aspace_31e565b922efff8884ecac5f51948150"}},{"id":"5500fdde41498d66fc4946d1","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"460th Heavy Bombardment Group Society papers, 1943-2015, Date acquired: 02/07/2015","creator":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/5500fdde41498d66fc4946d1#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["Bohnstedt, Duane"],"label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/5500fdde41498d66fc4946d1#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection of the 460th Heavy Bombardment Group Society contains a unit history of this B-24 U.S. Army Air Corps Group, 55th Wing, 760th, 761st, 762nd, 763rd Squadrons and Group Headquarters, which served in the Italian Campaign. This collection primarily focuses on the memory of the war and those who served in the 460th. Included is a listing of the airmen who were held as prisoners of war, including their squadrons, positions on the plane (e.g. pilot, gunner), the date, mission, and what country or stalag in which they were held. Also included is a booklet, \"Remembering the 460th Bomb Group (H),\" which contains photographs, personnel lists, and maps, and was prepared as a gift from Duane and Betty Bohnstedt to their members. There are mission lists, target details, flight records, and crew searches. The collection includes issues of the society's veterans' association magazine, \"Black Panther\" from mid-1990 to their final issue, December 2005.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/5500fdde41498d66fc4946d1#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"5500fdde41498d66fc4946d1","title_ssm":["460th Heavy Bombardment Group Society papers"],"title_tesim":["460th Heavy Bombardment Group Society papers"],"ead_ssi":"5500fdde41498d66fc4946d1","unitdate_ssm":["1943-2015","Date acquired: 02/07/2015"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1943-2015"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 02/07/2015"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["01.0046","/repositories/10/resources/353"],"text":["01.0046","/repositories/10/resources/353","460th Heavy Bombardment Group Society papers, 1943-2015, Date acquired: 02/07/2015","Spinazzola (Italy)","Yugoslavia.","Romania","Switzerland.","Tirol (Austria)","Pécs (Hungary)","Budapest (Hungary)","Blechhammer (Concentration camp)","Czechoslovakia","Terre Haute (Ind.)","Vienna (Austria)","World War, 1939-1945","B-24 (Bomber)","World War II Remembrance Group","Prisoners of war","Ordnance, Air force","United States. Army Air Forces--Military life","World War, 1939-1945--Great Britain","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Italy","World War, 1939-1945--Aerial operations, American","Stars and stripes","United States--Armed Forces--Uniforms","Nazi propaganda","Stalag Luft IV","This collection is open to all researchers.","Creators' arranged.","The collection was assembled by Duane and Betty Bohnstedt, who conducted extensive research on the 460th Bombardment Group by contacting its members and traveling to original station sites. Duane (\"Sparky\") was part of the 460th, a B-24 group, which was part of the 55th Wing, Fifteenth Air Force, stationed in Spinazzola, Italy, from February 1943 until May 1945. Duane was 19 when he joined and served with ordnance.","Duane and Betty Bohnstedt combined their skills and experiences to thoroughly preserve the history of the 460th. Duane has a degree in Art and Betty was an experienced writer. Together they became historians and archivists of their own collection. They published a history of the 460th, along with editing and publishing a newsletter for the 460th Bomb Group Society.","Note written by Jordan Bolan","Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022.","The collection of the 460th Heavy Bombardment Group Society contains a unit history of this B-24 U.S. Army Air Corps Group, 55th Wing, 760th, 761st, 762nd, 763rd Squadrons and Group Headquarters, which served in the Italian Campaign. This collection primarily focuses on the memory of the war and those who served in the 460th. Included is a listing of the airmen who were held as prisoners of war, including their squadrons, positions on the plane (e.g. pilot, gunner), the date, mission, and what country or stalag in which they were held. Also included is a booklet, \"Remembering the 460th Bomb Group (H),\" which contains photographs, personnel lists, and maps, and was prepared as a gift from Duane and Betty Bohnstedt to their members. There are mission lists, target details, flight records, and crew searches. The collection includes issues of the society's veterans' association magazine, \"Black Panther\" from mid-1990 to their final issue, December 2005.","Additionally, there are copies of diaries, personal files, memoirs, and wartime letters assembled and sent to Bohnstedt by various crew members. An oral history of Bohnstedt is included. Correspondence is included with members that gave to his collection, as well as his accounts of personal research and travel while assembling this collection.","All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.","Claude Pepper Library","FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","United States. Army Air Forces. Bombardment Group (H), 460th","United States. Army Air Forces. Air Force, 15th","Germany. Luftwaffe","Great Britain. Royal Air Force.","Bohnstedt, Duane","Bohnstedt, Betty","Schwartz, John G., 1917-2003","English"],"unitid_tesim":["01.0046","/repositories/10/resources/353"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1943-2015, Date acquired: 02/07/2015"],"normalized_title_ssm":["460th Heavy Bombardment Group Society papers, 1943-2015, Date acquired: 02/07/2015"],"collection_title_tesim":["460th Heavy Bombardment Group Society papers, 1943-2015, Date acquired: 02/07/2015"],"collection_ssim":["460th Heavy Bombardment Group Society papers, 1943-2015, Date acquired: 02/07/2015"],"repository_ssm":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Spinazzola (Italy)","Yugoslavia.","Romania","Switzerland.","Tirol (Austria)","Pécs (Hungary)","Budapest (Hungary)","Blechhammer (Concentration camp)","Czechoslovakia","Terre Haute (Ind.)","Vienna (Austria)"],"geogname_ssim":["Spinazzola (Italy)","Yugoslavia.","Romania","Switzerland.","Tirol (Austria)","Pécs (Hungary)","Budapest (Hungary)","Blechhammer (Concentration camp)","Czechoslovakia","Terre Haute (Ind.)","Vienna (Austria)"],"creator_ssm":["Bohnstedt, Duane","Bohnstedt, Betty","Schwartz, John G., 1917-2003"],"creator_ssim":["Bohnstedt, Duane","Bohnstedt, Betty","Schwartz, John G., 1917-2003"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Schwartz, John G., 1917-2003"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Bohnstedt, Duane","Bohnstedt, Betty"],"creators_ssim":["Schwartz, John G., 1917-2003","Bohnstedt, Duane","Bohnstedt, Betty"],"places_ssim":["Spinazzola (Italy)","Yugoslavia.","Romania","Switzerland.","Tirol (Austria)","Pécs (Hungary)","Budapest (Hungary)","Blechhammer (Concentration camp)","Czechoslovakia","Terre Haute (Ind.)","Vienna (Austria)"],"access_terms_ssm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Duane and Betty Bohnstedt","Donation"],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1939-1945","B-24 (Bomber)","World War II Remembrance Group","Prisoners of war","Ordnance, Air force","United States. Army Air Forces--Military life","World War, 1939-1945--Great Britain","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Italy","World War, 1939-1945--Aerial operations, American","Stars and stripes","United States--Armed Forces--Uniforms","Nazi propaganda","Stalag Luft IV"],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1939-1945","B-24 (Bomber)","World War II Remembrance Group","Prisoners of war","Ordnance, Air force","United States. Army Air Forces--Military life","World War, 1939-1945--Great Britain","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Italy","World War, 1939-1945--Aerial operations, American","Stars and stripes","United States--Armed Forces--Uniforms","Nazi propaganda","Stalag Luft IV"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["41 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["41 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to all researchers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to all researchers."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCreators' arranged.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["Creators' arranged."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection was assembled by Duane and Betty Bohnstedt, who conducted extensive research on the 460th Bombardment Group by contacting its members and traveling to original station sites. Duane (\"Sparky\") was part of the 460th, a B-24 group, which was part of the 55th Wing, Fifteenth Air Force, stationed in Spinazzola, Italy, from February 1943 until May 1945. Duane was 19 when he joined and served with ordnance.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDuane and Betty Bohnstedt combined their skills and experiences to thoroughly preserve the history of the 460th. Duane has a degree in Art and Betty was an experienced writer. Together they became historians and archivists of their own collection. They published a history of the 460th, along with editing and publishing a newsletter for the 460th Bomb Group Society.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Jordan Bolan\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The collection was assembled by Duane and Betty Bohnstedt, who conducted extensive research on the 460th Bombardment Group by contacting its members and traveling to original station sites. Duane (\"Sparky\") was part of the 460th, a B-24 group, which was part of the 55th Wing, Fifteenth Air Force, stationed in Spinazzola, Italy, from February 1943 until May 1945. Duane was 19 when he joined and served with ordnance.","Duane and Betty Bohnstedt combined their skills and experiences to thoroughly preserve the history of the 460th. Duane has a degree in Art and Betty was an experienced writer. Together they became historians and archivists of their own collection. They published a history of the 460th, along with editing and publishing a newsletter for the 460th Bomb Group Society.","Note written by Jordan Bolan"],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTransferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives in July 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], 460th Heavy Bombardment Group Society papers, Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_01_0046\"\u003ehttp://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_01_0046\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], 460th Heavy Bombardment Group Society papers, Special Collections \u0026 Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida.  http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_01_0046 ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection of the 460th Heavy Bombardment Group Society contains a unit history of this B-24 U.S. Army Air Corps Group, 55th Wing, 760th, 761st, 762nd, 763rd Squadrons and Group Headquarters, which served in the Italian Campaign. This collection primarily focuses on the memory of the war and those who served in the 460th. Included is a listing of the airmen who were held as prisoners of war, including their squadrons, positions on the plane (e.g. pilot, gunner), the date, mission, and what country or stalag in which they were held. Also included is a booklet, \"Remembering the 460th Bomb Group (H),\" which contains photographs, personnel lists, and maps, and was prepared as a gift from Duane and Betty Bohnstedt to their members. There are mission lists, target details, flight records, and crew searches. The collection includes issues of the society's veterans' association magazine, \"Black Panther\" from mid-1990 to their final issue, December 2005.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAdditionally, there are copies of diaries, personal files, memoirs, and wartime letters assembled and sent to Bohnstedt by various crew members. An oral history of Bohnstedt is included. Correspondence is included with members that gave to his collection, as well as his accounts of personal research and travel while assembling this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection of the 460th Heavy Bombardment Group Society contains a unit history of this B-24 U.S. Army Air Corps Group, 55th Wing, 760th, 761st, 762nd, 763rd Squadrons and Group Headquarters, which served in the Italian Campaign. This collection primarily focuses on the memory of the war and those who served in the 460th. Included is a listing of the airmen who were held as prisoners of war, including their squadrons, positions on the plane (e.g. pilot, gunner), the date, mission, and what country or stalag in which they were held. Also included is a booklet, \"Remembering the 460th Bomb Group (H),\" which contains photographs, personnel lists, and maps, and was prepared as a gift from Duane and Betty Bohnstedt to their members. There are mission lists, target details, flight records, and crew searches. The collection includes issues of the society's veterans' association magazine, \"Black Panther\" from mid-1990 to their final issue, December 2005.","Additionally, there are copies of diaries, personal files, memoirs, and wartime letters assembled and sent to Bohnstedt by various crew members. An oral history of Bohnstedt is included. Correspondence is included with members that gave to his collection, as well as his accounts of personal research and travel while assembling this collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives. 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They published a history of the 460th, along with editing and publishing a newsletter for the 460th Bomb Group Society.","Note written by Jordan Bolan","Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022.","The collection of the 460th Heavy Bombardment Group Society contains a unit history of this B-24 U.S. Army Air Corps Group, 55th Wing, 760th, 761st, 762nd, 763rd Squadrons and Group Headquarters, which served in the Italian Campaign. This collection primarily focuses on the memory of the war and those who served in the 460th. Included is a listing of the airmen who were held as prisoners of war, including their squadrons, positions on the plane (e.g. pilot, gunner), the date, mission, and what country or stalag in which they were held. Also included is a booklet, \"Remembering the 460th Bomb Group (H),\" which contains photographs, personnel lists, and maps, and was prepared as a gift from Duane and Betty Bohnstedt to their members. There are mission lists, target details, flight records, and crew searches. The collection includes issues of the society's veterans' association magazine, \"Black Panther\" from mid-1990 to their final issue, December 2005.","Additionally, there are copies of diaries, personal files, memoirs, and wartime letters assembled and sent to Bohnstedt by various crew members. An oral history of Bohnstedt is included. Correspondence is included with members that gave to his collection, as well as his accounts of personal research and travel while assembling this collection.","All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.","Claude Pepper Library","FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","United States. Army Air Forces. Bombardment Group (H), 460th","United States. Army Air Forces. Air Force, 15th","Germany. Luftwaffe","Great Britain. 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Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Duane and Betty Bohnstedt","Donation"],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1939-1945","B-24 (Bomber)","World War II Remembrance Group","Prisoners of war","Ordnance, Air force","United States. Army Air Forces--Military life","World War, 1939-1945--Great Britain","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Italy","World War, 1939-1945--Aerial operations, American","Stars and stripes","United States--Armed Forces--Uniforms","Nazi propaganda","Stalag Luft IV"],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1939-1945","B-24 (Bomber)","World War II Remembrance Group","Prisoners of war","Ordnance, Air force","United States. 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Duane (\"Sparky\") was part of the 460th, a B-24 group, which was part of the 55th Wing, Fifteenth Air Force, stationed in Spinazzola, Italy, from February 1943 until May 1945. Duane was 19 when he joined and served with ordnance.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDuane and Betty Bohnstedt combined their skills and experiences to thoroughly preserve the history of the 460th. Duane has a degree in Art and Betty was an experienced writer. Together they became historians and archivists of their own collection. 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This collection primarily focuses on the memory of the war and those who served in the 460th. Included is a listing of the airmen who were held as prisoners of war, including their squadrons, positions on the plane (e.g. pilot, gunner), the date, mission, and what country or stalag in which they were held. Also included is a booklet, \"Remembering the 460th Bomb Group (H),\" which contains photographs, personnel lists, and maps, and was prepared as a gift from Duane and Betty Bohnstedt to their members. There are mission lists, target details, flight records, and crew searches. The collection includes issues of the society's veterans' association magazine, \"Black Panther\" from mid-1990 to their final issue, December 2005.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAdditionally, there are copies of diaries, personal files, memoirs, and wartime letters assembled and sent to Bohnstedt by various crew members. An oral history of Bohnstedt is included. 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Trained for combat with B-24 Liberator heavy bombers, the group transferred to Torretto Airfield in Italy during March and April 1944. Torretta airfield (also known as Cerignola #3) served as a semi-permanent heavy bomber airfield located approximately 14km (9 miles) southwest of Cerignola in Apulia, Italy.  This airbase would eventually form part of the Foggia Airfield Complex.  Assigned to Fifteenth Air Force, the group was redesignated the 484th Bombardment Group (Pathfinder) in May 1944 but did not perform pathfinder functions. Again, redesignated 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) in November 1944, the group operated primarily as a strategic bombardment organization through to April 1945.\n The group attacked targets such as oil refineries, oil storage plants, aircraft factories, heavy industry, and communications in Italy, France, Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Rumania, and Yugoslavia. On June 13, 1944, a heavy smoke screen prevented the group from bombing marshaling yards at Munich. In spite of severe damage from German flak and fighters, and despite heavy gunfire encountered at the alternate target, the group bombed marshaling yards at Innsbruck and received a Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC) for its persistent action. The group received a second DUC for performance on August 22, 1944, when, unescorted, the organization fought its way through an intense opposition to attack underground oil storage installations in Vienna. In addition to strategic missions, the 484th supported the allied ground drive toward Rome by bombing bridges, supply dumps, viaducts, and marshaling yards from April to June 1944. Furthermore, the group ferried gasoline and oil to Allied forces in southern France during September 1944 and supported the final advance through northern Italy.  Moved to Casablanca in May 1945, the group was assigned to Air Transport Command and subsequently deactivated in French Morocco on July 25, 1945. Squadrons assigned to the group included the 824th, 825th, 826th, and 827th. Stations assigned for the group during the war included Harvard AAF,  Nebraska from September 20, 1943, to March 2, 1944; Torretta AAF, Italy from April 1944-May 1945; and Casablanca, French Morocco, from May 25 to July 25, 1945. The assigned commanders included Colonel William B Keese from October 1943 to April 1945 and Lieutenant Colonel Chester C. Busch from April 1945 to deactivation","History of  The Torretta Flyer  newsletter:","Bud Markel wrote the history of the 484th Bomb Group and preserved it in  The Torretta Flyer.  He and his wife Bea organized the first reunion of the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups in May of 1981.  In December of 1981, the 461st and 484th Bomb Groups Association were incorporated in the state of California as a non-profit corporation. Starting with a newsletter bulletin to keep early members up to date on the fledgling organization, the name  The Torretta Flyer  was first applied to newsletter number 4. In 1992 the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups formed their own separate associations. Bud was the president of the 484th BG Association and the editor of  The Torretta Flyer  until the association was disbanded in 2001.  An excellent writer, photographer, aviation historian, and organizer, Bud published  The Torretta Flyer  twice yearly for 20 years.  With the help of Bea, he also organized and hosted annual reunions for the association.  The Torretta Flyer  evolved from a mimeographed newsletter into a fine glossy magazine filled with photographs, data compiled from official sources, letters and stories written by members, and scholarly contributions from writers in the historical aviation field.  When the 484th BG Association was disbanded, Bud and Bea donated 50 1200 page bound two-volume sets of  The Torretta Flyer  to various libraries and museums around the country.  Bud Markel flew 35 combat missions as a B-24 engineer between January and May of 1945.  He was employed as an A\u0026P mechanic for United Airlines in Los Angeles from 1948 until retirement.  He was especially proud of the 484th BG Association scholarship fund which was originally conceived as a living memorial to the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups.  Through this fund, the association donated $53,000 to deserving high school students from the area around Cerignola, Italy.  The Torretta Flyer  is copyright © 484th Bomb Group Association","Link to The Torretta Flyer newsletter index:  http://www.484th.org/Torretta%20Flyer/Torretta%20Flyer.htm","Source:","\"484th Bombardment Group (H).\" www.484th.org. Accessed June 8, 2018. http://www.484th.org/.","Note written by Dick Olson, 484th Bombardment Group Association Historian","Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022.","Link to official website of the 484th Bombardment Group Association:   http://www.484th.org/ . This website is also included in an  Internet Archive web collection  for the World War II Archives. ","The Internet Archive collection includes the website for the 461st Bombardment Group (H).","This collection relates to the 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) that was assigned to the 15th Air Force and based in Torretta, Italy as a component of the Foggia Airfield Complex during World War II and assigned B-24 Liberator heavy bombers.  The materials contained in this collection were subsequently assembled during the post-war period by the 484th Bombardment Group Association.  The collection contains official reports, data sheets, statistics, newspapers, Missing Air Crew Reports, personal histories, photographs, and unit histories.","All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.","Claude Pepper Library","FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","484th Bombardment Group Association","United States. Army Air Forces, Bombardment Group (H), 484th","English"],"unitid_tesim":["02.0047","/repositories/10/resources/197"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1939-1998"],"normalized_title_ssm":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998"],"collection_title_tesim":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998"],"collection_ssim":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998"],"repository_ssm":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Foggia (Italy)"],"geogname_ssim":["Foggia (Italy)"],"creator_ssm":["484th Bombardment Group Association"],"creator_ssim":["484th Bombardment Group Association"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["484th Bombardment Group Association"],"creators_ssim":["484th Bombardment Group Association"],"places_ssim":["Foggia (Italy)"],"access_terms_ssm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"access_subjects_ssim":["B-24 (Bomber)","World War, 1939-1945--Aerial operations","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Italy","World War, 1939-1945--Yugoslavia","World War, 1939-1945--Austria"],"access_subjects_ssm":["B-24 (Bomber)","World War, 1939-1945--Aerial operations","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Italy","World War, 1939-1945--Yugoslavia","World War, 1939-1945--Austria"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["17 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["17 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to all researchers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to all researchers."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eConstituted as 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) on September 14, 1943, the group officially activated on September 20th. Trained for combat with B-24 Liberator heavy bombers, the group transferred to Torretto Airfield in Italy during March and April 1944. Torretta airfield (also known as Cerignola #3) served as a semi-permanent heavy bomber airfield located approximately 14km (9 miles) southwest of Cerignola in Apulia, Italy.\u0026#xA0; This airbase would eventually form part of the Foggia Airfield Complex.\u0026#xA0; Assigned to Fifteenth Air Force, the group was redesignated the 484th Bombardment Group (Pathfinder) in May 1944 but did not perform pathfinder functions. Again, redesignated 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) in November 1944, the group operated primarily as a strategic bombardment organization through to April 1945.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe group attacked targets such as oil refineries, oil storage plants, aircraft factories, heavy industry, and communications in Italy, France, Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Rumania, and Yugoslavia. On June 13, 1944, a heavy smoke screen prevented the group from bombing marshaling yards at Munich. In spite of severe damage from German flak and fighters, and despite heavy gunfire encountered at the alternate target, the group bombed marshaling yards at Innsbruck and received a Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC) for its persistent action. The group received a second DUC for performance on August 22, 1944, when, unescorted, the organization fought its way through an intense opposition to attack underground oil storage installations in Vienna. In addition to strategic missions, the 484th supported the allied ground drive toward Rome by bombing bridges, supply dumps, viaducts, and marshaling yards from April to June 1944. Furthermore, the group ferried gasoline and oil to Allied forces in southern France during September 1944 and supported the final advance through northern Italy.\u0026#xA0; Moved to Casablanca in May 1945, the group was assigned to Air Transport Command and subsequently deactivated in French Morocco on July 25, 1945. Squadrons assigned to the group included the 824th, 825th, 826th, and 827th. Stations assigned for the group during the war included Harvard AAF,\u0026#xA0; Nebraska from September 20, 1943, to March 2, 1944; Torretta AAF, Italy from April 1944-May 1945; and Casablanca, French Morocco, from May 25 to July 25, 1945. The assigned commanders included Colonel William B Keese from October 1943 to April 1945 and Lieutenant Colonel Chester C. Busch from April 1945 to deactivation\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistory of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e newsletter:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBud Markel wrote the history of the 484th Bomb Group and preserved it in \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer.\u003c/emph\u003e He and his wife Bea organized the first reunion of the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups in May of 1981.\u0026#xA0; In December of 1981, the 461st and 484th Bomb Groups Association were incorporated in the state of California as a non-profit corporation. Starting with a newsletter bulletin to keep early members up to date on the fledgling organization, the name \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e was first applied to newsletter number 4. In 1992 the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups formed their own separate associations. Bud was the president of the 484th BG Association and the editor of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e until the association was disbanded in 2001.\u0026#xA0; An excellent writer, photographer, aviation historian, and organizer, Bud published \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e twice yearly for 20 years.\u0026#xA0; With the help of Bea, he also organized and hosted annual reunions for the association. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e evolved from a mimeographed newsletter into a fine glossy magazine filled with photographs, data compiled from official sources, letters and stories written by members, and scholarly contributions from writers in the historical aviation field.\u0026#xA0; When the 484th BG Association was disbanded, Bud and Bea donated 50 1200 page bound two-volume sets of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e to various libraries and museums around the country.\u0026#xA0; Bud Markel flew 35 combat missions as a B-24 engineer between January and May of 1945.\u0026#xA0; He was employed as an A\u0026amp;P mechanic for United Airlines in Los Angeles from 1948 until retirement.\u0026#xA0; He was especially proud of the 484th BG Association scholarship fund which was originally conceived as a living memorial to the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups.\u0026#xA0; Through this fund, the association donated $53,000 to deserving high school students from the area around Cerignola, Italy. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e is copyright \u0026#xA9; 484th Bomb Group Association\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLink to The Torretta Flyer newsletter index: \u003cextref href=\"http://www.484th.org/Torretta%20Flyer/Torretta%20Flyer.htm\"\u003ehttp://www.484th.org/Torretta%20Flyer/Torretta%20Flyer.htm\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSource:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"484th Bombardment Group (H).\" www.484th.org. Accessed June 8, 2018. http://www.484th.org/.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNote written by Dick Olson, 484th Bombardment Group Association Historian\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Constituted as 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) on September 14, 1943, the group officially activated on September 20th. Trained for combat with B-24 Liberator heavy bombers, the group transferred to Torretto Airfield in Italy during March and April 1944. Torretta airfield (also known as Cerignola #3) served as a semi-permanent heavy bomber airfield located approximately 14km (9 miles) southwest of Cerignola in Apulia, Italy.  This airbase would eventually form part of the Foggia Airfield Complex.  Assigned to Fifteenth Air Force, the group was redesignated the 484th Bombardment Group (Pathfinder) in May 1944 but did not perform pathfinder functions. Again, redesignated 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) in November 1944, the group operated primarily as a strategic bombardment organization through to April 1945.\n The group attacked targets such as oil refineries, oil storage plants, aircraft factories, heavy industry, and communications in Italy, France, Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Rumania, and Yugoslavia. On June 13, 1944, a heavy smoke screen prevented the group from bombing marshaling yards at Munich. In spite of severe damage from German flak and fighters, and despite heavy gunfire encountered at the alternate target, the group bombed marshaling yards at Innsbruck and received a Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC) for its persistent action. The group received a second DUC for performance on August 22, 1944, when, unescorted, the organization fought its way through an intense opposition to attack underground oil storage installations in Vienna. In addition to strategic missions, the 484th supported the allied ground drive toward Rome by bombing bridges, supply dumps, viaducts, and marshaling yards from April to June 1944. Furthermore, the group ferried gasoline and oil to Allied forces in southern France during September 1944 and supported the final advance through northern Italy.  Moved to Casablanca in May 1945, the group was assigned to Air Transport Command and subsequently deactivated in French Morocco on July 25, 1945. Squadrons assigned to the group included the 824th, 825th, 826th, and 827th. Stations assigned for the group during the war included Harvard AAF,  Nebraska from September 20, 1943, to March 2, 1944; Torretta AAF, Italy from April 1944-May 1945; and Casablanca, French Morocco, from May 25 to July 25, 1945. The assigned commanders included Colonel William B Keese from October 1943 to April 1945 and Lieutenant Colonel Chester C. Busch from April 1945 to deactivation","History of  The Torretta Flyer  newsletter:","Bud Markel wrote the history of the 484th Bomb Group and preserved it in  The Torretta Flyer.  He and his wife Bea organized the first reunion of the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups in May of 1981.  In December of 1981, the 461st and 484th Bomb Groups Association were incorporated in the state of California as a non-profit corporation. Starting with a newsletter bulletin to keep early members up to date on the fledgling organization, the name  The Torretta Flyer  was first applied to newsletter number 4. In 1992 the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups formed their own separate associations. Bud was the president of the 484th BG Association and the editor of  The Torretta Flyer  until the association was disbanded in 2001.  An excellent writer, photographer, aviation historian, and organizer, Bud published  The Torretta Flyer  twice yearly for 20 years.  With the help of Bea, he also organized and hosted annual reunions for the association.  The Torretta Flyer  evolved from a mimeographed newsletter into a fine glossy magazine filled with photographs, data compiled from official sources, letters and stories written by members, and scholarly contributions from writers in the historical aviation field.  When the 484th BG Association was disbanded, Bud and Bea donated 50 1200 page bound two-volume sets of  The Torretta Flyer  to various libraries and museums around the country.  Bud Markel flew 35 combat missions as a B-24 engineer between January and May of 1945.  He was employed as an A\u0026P mechanic for United Airlines in Los Angeles from 1948 until retirement.  He was especially proud of the 484th BG Association scholarship fund which was originally conceived as a living memorial to the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups.  Through this fund, the association donated $53,000 to deserving high school students from the area around Cerignola, Italy.  The Torretta Flyer  is copyright © 484th Bomb Group Association","Link to The Torretta Flyer newsletter index:  http://www.484th.org/Torretta%20Flyer/Torretta%20Flyer.htm","Source:","\"484th Bombardment Group (H).\" www.484th.org. Accessed June 8, 2018. http://www.484th.org/.","Note written by Dick Olson, 484th Bombardment Group Association Historian"],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTransferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives in July 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], 484th Bombardment Group Association papers, Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_02_0047\"\u003ehttp://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_02_0047\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], 484th Bombardment Group Association papers, Special Collections \u0026 Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida.  http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_02_0047 ."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLink to official website of the 484th Bombardment Group Association:\u0026#xA0; \u003cextref href=\"http://www.484th.org/\"\u003ehttp://www.484th.org/\u003c/extref\u003e. This website is also included in an \u003cextref href=\"https://archive-it.org/collections/10115\"\u003eInternet Archive web collection\u003c/extref\u003e for the World War II Archives. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Internet Archive collection includes the website for the 461st Bombardment Group (H).\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials - Related Publications"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Link to official website of the 484th Bombardment Group Association:   http://www.484th.org/ . This website is also included in an  Internet Archive web collection  for the World War II Archives. ","The Internet Archive collection includes the website for the 461st Bombardment Group (H)."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection relates to the 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) that was assigned to the 15th Air Force and based in Torretta, Italy as a component of the Foggia Airfield Complex during World War II and assigned B-24 Liberator heavy bombers.\u0026#xA0; The materials contained in this collection were subsequently assembled during the post-war period by the 484th Bombardment Group Association.\u0026#xA0; The collection contains official reports, data sheets, statistics, newspapers, Missing Air Crew Reports, personal histories, photographs, and unit histories.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection relates to the 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) that was assigned to the 15th Air Force and based in Torretta, Italy as a component of the Foggia Airfield Complex during World War II and assigned B-24 Liberator heavy bombers.  The materials contained in this collection were subsequently assembled during the post-war period by the 484th Bombardment Group Association.  The collection contains official reports, data sheets, statistics, newspapers, Missing Air Crew Reports, personal histories, photographs, and unit histories."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_dc95db454fe0ad060bd914009fe90431\"\u003eClaude Pepper Library\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Claude Pepper Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["484th Bombardment Group Association","United States. Army Air Forces, Bombardment Group (H), 484th"],"names_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","484th Bombardment Group Association","United States. Army Air Forces, Bombardment Group (H), 484th"],"corpname_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","484th Bombardment Group Association","United States. Army Air Forces, Bombardment Group (H), 484th"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":315,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"480e46a504f2fba6b1588537","timestamp":"2026-07-10T05:44:27.461Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"480e46a504f2fba6b1588537","title_filing_ssi":"484th Bombardment Group Association papers","title_ssm":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers"],"title_tesim":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers"],"ead_ssi":"480e46a504f2fba6b1588537","unitdate_ssm":["1939-1998"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1939-1998"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["02.0047","/repositories/10/resources/197"],"text":["02.0047","/repositories/10/resources/197","484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998","Foggia (Italy)","B-24 (Bomber)","World War, 1939-1945--Aerial operations","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Italy","World War, 1939-1945--Yugoslavia","World War, 1939-1945--Austria","This collection is open to all researchers.","Constituted as 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) on September 14, 1943, the group officially activated on September 20th. Trained for combat with B-24 Liberator heavy bombers, the group transferred to Torretto Airfield in Italy during March and April 1944. Torretta airfield (also known as Cerignola #3) served as a semi-permanent heavy bomber airfield located approximately 14km (9 miles) southwest of Cerignola in Apulia, Italy.  This airbase would eventually form part of the Foggia Airfield Complex.  Assigned to Fifteenth Air Force, the group was redesignated the 484th Bombardment Group (Pathfinder) in May 1944 but did not perform pathfinder functions. Again, redesignated 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) in November 1944, the group operated primarily as a strategic bombardment organization through to April 1945.\n The group attacked targets such as oil refineries, oil storage plants, aircraft factories, heavy industry, and communications in Italy, France, Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Rumania, and Yugoslavia. On June 13, 1944, a heavy smoke screen prevented the group from bombing marshaling yards at Munich. In spite of severe damage from German flak and fighters, and despite heavy gunfire encountered at the alternate target, the group bombed marshaling yards at Innsbruck and received a Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC) for its persistent action. The group received a second DUC for performance on August 22, 1944, when, unescorted, the organization fought its way through an intense opposition to attack underground oil storage installations in Vienna. In addition to strategic missions, the 484th supported the allied ground drive toward Rome by bombing bridges, supply dumps, viaducts, and marshaling yards from April to June 1944. Furthermore, the group ferried gasoline and oil to Allied forces in southern France during September 1944 and supported the final advance through northern Italy.  Moved to Casablanca in May 1945, the group was assigned to Air Transport Command and subsequently deactivated in French Morocco on July 25, 1945. Squadrons assigned to the group included the 824th, 825th, 826th, and 827th. Stations assigned for the group during the war included Harvard AAF,  Nebraska from September 20, 1943, to March 2, 1944; Torretta AAF, Italy from April 1944-May 1945; and Casablanca, French Morocco, from May 25 to July 25, 1945. The assigned commanders included Colonel William B Keese from October 1943 to April 1945 and Lieutenant Colonel Chester C. Busch from April 1945 to deactivation","History of  The Torretta Flyer  newsletter:","Bud Markel wrote the history of the 484th Bomb Group and preserved it in  The Torretta Flyer.  He and his wife Bea organized the first reunion of the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups in May of 1981.  In December of 1981, the 461st and 484th Bomb Groups Association were incorporated in the state of California as a non-profit corporation. Starting with a newsletter bulletin to keep early members up to date on the fledgling organization, the name  The Torretta Flyer  was first applied to newsletter number 4. In 1992 the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups formed their own separate associations. Bud was the president of the 484th BG Association and the editor of  The Torretta Flyer  until the association was disbanded in 2001.  An excellent writer, photographer, aviation historian, and organizer, Bud published  The Torretta Flyer  twice yearly for 20 years.  With the help of Bea, he also organized and hosted annual reunions for the association.  The Torretta Flyer  evolved from a mimeographed newsletter into a fine glossy magazine filled with photographs, data compiled from official sources, letters and stories written by members, and scholarly contributions from writers in the historical aviation field.  When the 484th BG Association was disbanded, Bud and Bea donated 50 1200 page bound two-volume sets of  The Torretta Flyer  to various libraries and museums around the country.  Bud Markel flew 35 combat missions as a B-24 engineer between January and May of 1945.  He was employed as an A\u0026P mechanic for United Airlines in Los Angeles from 1948 until retirement.  He was especially proud of the 484th BG Association scholarship fund which was originally conceived as a living memorial to the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups.  Through this fund, the association donated $53,000 to deserving high school students from the area around Cerignola, Italy.  The Torretta Flyer  is copyright © 484th Bomb Group Association","Link to The Torretta Flyer newsletter index:  http://www.484th.org/Torretta%20Flyer/Torretta%20Flyer.htm","Source:","\"484th Bombardment Group (H).\" www.484th.org. Accessed June 8, 2018. http://www.484th.org/.","Note written by Dick Olson, 484th Bombardment Group Association Historian","Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022.","Link to official website of the 484th Bombardment Group Association:   http://www.484th.org/ . This website is also included in an  Internet Archive web collection  for the World War II Archives. ","The Internet Archive collection includes the website for the 461st Bombardment Group (H).","This collection relates to the 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) that was assigned to the 15th Air Force and based in Torretta, Italy as a component of the Foggia Airfield Complex during World War II and assigned B-24 Liberator heavy bombers.  The materials contained in this collection were subsequently assembled during the post-war period by the 484th Bombardment Group Association.  The collection contains official reports, data sheets, statistics, newspapers, Missing Air Crew Reports, personal histories, photographs, and unit histories.","All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.","Claude Pepper Library","FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","484th Bombardment Group Association","United States. Army Air Forces, Bombardment Group (H), 484th","English"],"unitid_tesim":["02.0047","/repositories/10/resources/197"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1939-1998"],"normalized_title_ssm":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998"],"collection_title_tesim":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998"],"collection_ssim":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998"],"repository_ssm":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Foggia (Italy)"],"geogname_ssim":["Foggia (Italy)"],"creator_ssm":["484th Bombardment Group Association"],"creator_ssim":["484th Bombardment Group Association"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["484th Bombardment Group Association"],"creators_ssim":["484th Bombardment Group Association"],"places_ssim":["Foggia (Italy)"],"access_terms_ssm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"access_subjects_ssim":["B-24 (Bomber)","World War, 1939-1945--Aerial operations","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Italy","World War, 1939-1945--Yugoslavia","World War, 1939-1945--Austria"],"access_subjects_ssm":["B-24 (Bomber)","World War, 1939-1945--Aerial operations","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Italy","World War, 1939-1945--Yugoslavia","World War, 1939-1945--Austria"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["17 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["17 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to all researchers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to all researchers."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eConstituted as 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) on September 14, 1943, the group officially activated on September 20th. Trained for combat with B-24 Liberator heavy bombers, the group transferred to Torretto Airfield in Italy during March and April 1944. Torretta airfield (also known as Cerignola #3) served as a semi-permanent heavy bomber airfield located approximately 14km (9 miles) southwest of Cerignola in Apulia, Italy.\u0026#xA0; This airbase would eventually form part of the Foggia Airfield Complex.\u0026#xA0; Assigned to Fifteenth Air Force, the group was redesignated the 484th Bombardment Group (Pathfinder) in May 1944 but did not perform pathfinder functions. Again, redesignated 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) in November 1944, the group operated primarily as a strategic bombardment organization through to April 1945.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe group attacked targets such as oil refineries, oil storage plants, aircraft factories, heavy industry, and communications in Italy, France, Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Rumania, and Yugoslavia. On June 13, 1944, a heavy smoke screen prevented the group from bombing marshaling yards at Munich. In spite of severe damage from German flak and fighters, and despite heavy gunfire encountered at the alternate target, the group bombed marshaling yards at Innsbruck and received a Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC) for its persistent action. The group received a second DUC for performance on August 22, 1944, when, unescorted, the organization fought its way through an intense opposition to attack underground oil storage installations in Vienna. In addition to strategic missions, the 484th supported the allied ground drive toward Rome by bombing bridges, supply dumps, viaducts, and marshaling yards from April to June 1944. Furthermore, the group ferried gasoline and oil to Allied forces in southern France during September 1944 and supported the final advance through northern Italy.\u0026#xA0; Moved to Casablanca in May 1945, the group was assigned to Air Transport Command and subsequently deactivated in French Morocco on July 25, 1945. Squadrons assigned to the group included the 824th, 825th, 826th, and 827th. Stations assigned for the group during the war included Harvard AAF,\u0026#xA0; Nebraska from September 20, 1943, to March 2, 1944; Torretta AAF, Italy from April 1944-May 1945; and Casablanca, French Morocco, from May 25 to July 25, 1945. The assigned commanders included Colonel William B Keese from October 1943 to April 1945 and Lieutenant Colonel Chester C. Busch from April 1945 to deactivation\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistory of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e newsletter:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBud Markel wrote the history of the 484th Bomb Group and preserved it in \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer.\u003c/emph\u003e He and his wife Bea organized the first reunion of the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups in May of 1981.\u0026#xA0; In December of 1981, the 461st and 484th Bomb Groups Association were incorporated in the state of California as a non-profit corporation. Starting with a newsletter bulletin to keep early members up to date on the fledgling organization, the name \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e was first applied to newsletter number 4. In 1992 the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups formed their own separate associations. Bud was the president of the 484th BG Association and the editor of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e until the association was disbanded in 2001.\u0026#xA0; An excellent writer, photographer, aviation historian, and organizer, Bud published \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e twice yearly for 20 years.\u0026#xA0; With the help of Bea, he also organized and hosted annual reunions for the association. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e evolved from a mimeographed newsletter into a fine glossy magazine filled with photographs, data compiled from official sources, letters and stories written by members, and scholarly contributions from writers in the historical aviation field.\u0026#xA0; When the 484th BG Association was disbanded, Bud and Bea donated 50 1200 page bound two-volume sets of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e to various libraries and museums around the country.\u0026#xA0; Bud Markel flew 35 combat missions as a B-24 engineer between January and May of 1945.\u0026#xA0; He was employed as an A\u0026amp;P mechanic for United Airlines in Los Angeles from 1948 until retirement.\u0026#xA0; He was especially proud of the 484th BG Association scholarship fund which was originally conceived as a living memorial to the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups.\u0026#xA0; Through this fund, the association donated $53,000 to deserving high school students from the area around Cerignola, Italy. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e is copyright \u0026#xA9; 484th Bomb Group Association\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLink to The Torretta Flyer newsletter index: \u003cextref href=\"http://www.484th.org/Torretta%20Flyer/Torretta%20Flyer.htm\"\u003ehttp://www.484th.org/Torretta%20Flyer/Torretta%20Flyer.htm\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSource:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"484th Bombardment Group (H).\" www.484th.org. Accessed June 8, 2018. http://www.484th.org/.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNote written by Dick Olson, 484th Bombardment Group Association Historian\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Constituted as 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) on September 14, 1943, the group officially activated on September 20th. Trained for combat with B-24 Liberator heavy bombers, the group transferred to Torretto Airfield in Italy during March and April 1944. Torretta airfield (also known as Cerignola #3) served as a semi-permanent heavy bomber airfield located approximately 14km (9 miles) southwest of Cerignola in Apulia, Italy.  This airbase would eventually form part of the Foggia Airfield Complex.  Assigned to Fifteenth Air Force, the group was redesignated the 484th Bombardment Group (Pathfinder) in May 1944 but did not perform pathfinder functions. Again, redesignated 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) in November 1944, the group operated primarily as a strategic bombardment organization through to April 1945.\n The group attacked targets such as oil refineries, oil storage plants, aircraft factories, heavy industry, and communications in Italy, France, Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Rumania, and Yugoslavia. On June 13, 1944, a heavy smoke screen prevented the group from bombing marshaling yards at Munich. In spite of severe damage from German flak and fighters, and despite heavy gunfire encountered at the alternate target, the group bombed marshaling yards at Innsbruck and received a Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC) for its persistent action. The group received a second DUC for performance on August 22, 1944, when, unescorted, the organization fought its way through an intense opposition to attack underground oil storage installations in Vienna. In addition to strategic missions, the 484th supported the allied ground drive toward Rome by bombing bridges, supply dumps, viaducts, and marshaling yards from April to June 1944. Furthermore, the group ferried gasoline and oil to Allied forces in southern France during September 1944 and supported the final advance through northern Italy.  Moved to Casablanca in May 1945, the group was assigned to Air Transport Command and subsequently deactivated in French Morocco on July 25, 1945. Squadrons assigned to the group included the 824th, 825th, 826th, and 827th. Stations assigned for the group during the war included Harvard AAF,  Nebraska from September 20, 1943, to March 2, 1944; Torretta AAF, Italy from April 1944-May 1945; and Casablanca, French Morocco, from May 25 to July 25, 1945. The assigned commanders included Colonel William B Keese from October 1943 to April 1945 and Lieutenant Colonel Chester C. Busch from April 1945 to deactivation","History of  The Torretta Flyer  newsletter:","Bud Markel wrote the history of the 484th Bomb Group and preserved it in  The Torretta Flyer.  He and his wife Bea organized the first reunion of the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups in May of 1981.  In December of 1981, the 461st and 484th Bomb Groups Association were incorporated in the state of California as a non-profit corporation. Starting with a newsletter bulletin to keep early members up to date on the fledgling organization, the name  The Torretta Flyer  was first applied to newsletter number 4. In 1992 the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups formed their own separate associations. Bud was the president of the 484th BG Association and the editor of  The Torretta Flyer  until the association was disbanded in 2001.  An excellent writer, photographer, aviation historian, and organizer, Bud published  The Torretta Flyer  twice yearly for 20 years.  With the help of Bea, he also organized and hosted annual reunions for the association.  The Torretta Flyer  evolved from a mimeographed newsletter into a fine glossy magazine filled with photographs, data compiled from official sources, letters and stories written by members, and scholarly contributions from writers in the historical aviation field.  When the 484th BG Association was disbanded, Bud and Bea donated 50 1200 page bound two-volume sets of  The Torretta Flyer  to various libraries and museums around the country.  Bud Markel flew 35 combat missions as a B-24 engineer between January and May of 1945.  He was employed as an A\u0026P mechanic for United Airlines in Los Angeles from 1948 until retirement.  He was especially proud of the 484th BG Association scholarship fund which was originally conceived as a living memorial to the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups.  Through this fund, the association donated $53,000 to deserving high school students from the area around Cerignola, Italy.  The Torretta Flyer  is copyright © 484th Bomb Group Association","Link to The Torretta Flyer newsletter index:  http://www.484th.org/Torretta%20Flyer/Torretta%20Flyer.htm","Source:","\"484th Bombardment Group (H).\" www.484th.org. Accessed June 8, 2018. http://www.484th.org/.","Note written by Dick Olson, 484th Bombardment Group Association Historian"],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTransferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives in July 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], 484th Bombardment Group Association papers, Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_02_0047\"\u003ehttp://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_02_0047\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], 484th Bombardment Group Association papers, Special Collections \u0026 Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida.  http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_02_0047 ."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLink to official website of the 484th Bombardment Group Association:\u0026#xA0; \u003cextref href=\"http://www.484th.org/\"\u003ehttp://www.484th.org/\u003c/extref\u003e. This website is also included in an \u003cextref href=\"https://archive-it.org/collections/10115\"\u003eInternet Archive web collection\u003c/extref\u003e for the World War II Archives. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Internet Archive collection includes the website for the 461st Bombardment Group (H).\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials - Related Publications"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Link to official website of the 484th Bombardment Group Association:   http://www.484th.org/ . This website is also included in an  Internet Archive web collection  for the World War II Archives. ","The Internet Archive collection includes the website for the 461st Bombardment Group (H)."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection relates to the 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) that was assigned to the 15th Air Force and based in Torretta, Italy as a component of the Foggia Airfield Complex during World War II and assigned B-24 Liberator heavy bombers.\u0026#xA0; The materials contained in this collection were subsequently assembled during the post-war period by the 484th Bombardment Group Association.\u0026#xA0; The collection contains official reports, data sheets, statistics, newspapers, Missing Air Crew Reports, personal histories, photographs, and unit histories.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection relates to the 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) that was assigned to the 15th Air Force and based in Torretta, Italy as a component of the Foggia Airfield Complex during World War II and assigned B-24 Liberator heavy bombers.  The materials contained in this collection were subsequently assembled during the post-war period by the 484th Bombardment Group Association.  The collection contains official reports, data sheets, statistics, newspapers, Missing Air Crew Reports, personal histories, photographs, and unit histories."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_dc95db454fe0ad060bd914009fe90431\"\u003eClaude Pepper Library\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Claude Pepper Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["484th Bombardment Group Association","United States. Army Air Forces, Bombardment Group (H), 484th"],"names_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","484th Bombardment Group Association","United States. Army Air Forces, Bombardment Group (H), 484th"],"corpname_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","484th Bombardment Group Association","United States. 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