{"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1968\u0026page=368\u0026view=compact","prev":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1968\u0026page=367\u0026view=compact","next":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1968\u0026page=369\u0026view=compact","last":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1968\u0026page=468\u0026view=compact"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":368,"next_page":369,"prev_page":367,"total_pages":468,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":3670,"total_count":4675,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"731b674a396f199a6d388d63_aspace_a1e540928ca644732772375244ad99c6","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Publicity, 1968","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/731b674a396f199a6d388d63_aspace_a1e540928ca644732772375244ad99c6#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_a1e540928ca644732772375244ad99c6","ref_ssm":["aspace_a1e540928ca644732772375244ad99c6","aspace_a1e540928ca644732772375244ad99c6"],"id":"731b674a396f199a6d388d63_aspace_a1e540928ca644732772375244ad99c6","title_filing_ssi":"Publicity","title_ssm":["Publicity"],"title_tesim":["Publicity"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1968"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1968"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Publicity, 1968"],"text":["Publicity, 1968","Congressman James A. Haley Collection, 1948-1977","James A. Haley Political Papers","Campaign Files","/repositories/2/archival_objects/25820","box 26","folder 12"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["731b674a396f199a6d388d63","731b674a396f199a6d388d63_aspace_2ba3fa7402f8d70f0db432a9331be300","731b674a396f199a6d388d63_aspace_c304a23e182bd37973608bdc52ca03b8"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Congressman James A. Haley Collection, 1948-1977","James A. Haley Political Papers","Campaign Files"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Congressman James A. Haley Collection, 1948-1977","James A. Haley Political Papers","Campaign Files"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Subgroup","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/2/archival_objects/25820"],"repository_ssim":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Congressman James A. Haley Collection, 1948-1977"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":352,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to\nunprocessed born digital materials."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The Congressman James A. Haley Papers are owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by\nthe copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Please inquire if you have questions -\narchives@flsouthern.edu. ","Constituent Correspondence files are restricted from publication until 2052"],"date_range_isim":[1968],"containers_ssim":["box 26","folder 12"],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#0/components#61","_nest_parent_":"731b674a396f199a6d388d63_aspace_c304a23e182bd37973608bdc52ca03b8","_root_":"731b674a396f199a6d388d63","_version_":1875924461057736704,"timestamp":"2026-09-10T06:16:17.977Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"731b674a396f199a6d388d63","title_ssm":["Congressman James A. Haley Collection"],"title_tesim":["Congressman James A. Haley Collection"],"ead_ssi":"731b674a396f199a6d388d63","unitdate_ssm":["1948-1977"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1948-1977"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS1040","/repositories/2/resources/17"],"text":["MS1040","/repositories/2/resources/17","Congressman James A. Haley Collection, 1948-1977","Washington D.C.","Florida--Politics","Lakeland and Polk County Politics","United States. Congress","House of Representatives--Florida--State Legislature","Circus--management","Correspondence","Clippings","Speeches","This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to\nunprocessed born digital materials.","The materials in this collection were maintained by the subject's staff by issue and date. With some modifications allowing for clarity, they have been arranged in a similar fashion. However, you will find that individual issues may appear under multiple subject headings. For example, \"Watergate\" may\nappear under its own heading as well as under \"Richard Nixon\" or \"Nixon Administration.\" Please note that even though the files are arranged by issue, some correspondence might also be located in \"catch-all\" categories such as \"Haley Bills: Master File: 83rd Congress: 1953-1954,\"\n\"Correspondence: 19XX,\" to use but two examples.","James A. Haley, as chairman of the House Interior Committee during the 1970s, was instrumental in the creation of Big Cypress National Preserve. Franklin Adams lobbied for the establishment of the Big Cypress National Preserve along with many other environmental issues. The Franklin Adams Papers are housed at Florida International University. The Franklin Adams Collection, SPC9000, at Florida International University, Miami. ","James Andrew Haley (January 4, 1899 – August 6, 1981) was a U.S. Representative from Florida. Born in Jacksonville, Alabama, Haley attended the public schools and the University of Alabama. He served in the U.S. Army during World War I, and saw combat in France. He was an accountant in Sarasota, Florida, from 1920 to 1933 and served as general manager of the John Ringling estate from 1933 to 1943.\nOn December 4, 1942, Haley married Aubrey Ringling (née Aubrey Barlow Black), the widow of Richard T. Ringling who had died in 1931. Richard Ringling was the son of one of the original Ringling brothers. From 1943 to 1945, he was the first vice president of Ringling Circus and president and\ndirector of Ringling Brothers, Barnum \u0026 Bailey. In 1944, a fire broke out at a Ringling Circus show in Hartford, Connecticut that killed 169 persons. As a result of the fire he and five other circus officials pleaded no contest to charges of involuntary manslaughter and were sentenced to prison. He served\neight months and in 1945 was returned to Florida, where he received a pardon from Governor Millard F. Caldwell. Upon his release from prison, Haley again served as president and director for the Ringling Bros. and Barnum and Bailey Circus of Sarasota from 1946 to 1948. He engaged in newspaper publishing and\nlater in general printing business. He served as chairman of the Democratic Executive Committee of Sarasota County 1935–1952. He was elected and served as member of the Florida House of Representatives from 1949 to 1952. He was a delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1952, 1956, and 1960.\nHaley was elected as a Democrat to the Eighty-third and to the eleven succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1953 – January 3, 1977). He was a member of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, the Hospital Subcommittee of the Veterans Affair Committee, and the Indian Affairs Subcommittee. He served as chairman of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs (Ninety-third\nand Ninety-fourth Congresses). Haley was not a candidate for reelection to the Ninety-fifth Congress in 1976.","Haley died in Sarasota on August 6, 1981 and was interred in Boca Raton Cemetery in Boca Raton,FL. The James A. Haley Veterans Hospital located in Tampa is named for him. ","Sources: U.S. House of Representatives Official Biography and Haley Papers biographical data, 2018","The James A. Haley Papers consist of his personal and political papers. Correspondence, clippings, newsletters, photographs, congressional reports, and awards from various civic and political organizations give insight into Haley's public interests. Photographs of his wife, the Circus and political\naffiliates uncover the many facets of Haley's life. A limited amount of biographical information, including news articles about his death, reflect on how this public figure kept his private life private. Of note is the\nseries about the Hartford Circus fire. ","The Papers are arranged in five collections: Personal, Hartford Circus Fire, Political, Florida House of Representatives, and U.S. Congressional.","The Personal papers, arranged alphabetically by format, consists of calendars, correspondence, newsletters, photographs, awards and other ephemera giving a broad look into Haley's life in and out of office. A limited amount of biographical information, including news articles about his death, is included.","Haley Papers\nCorrespondence, newsletters, and awards from various civic and political organizations show the range of Haley's public interests while the invitations he accepted give a sense of the social life of a congressman in the 1950s-1970s. Congratulatory messages may give insight into who he counted\namong his political allies. The correspondence in this series, 1940-1981, the bulk of which are letters from Haley's time in the U.S. House of Representative (1953-1976) is of a general nature and may not be of a specific topic, but often must still be viewed as official. Since Haley was a public figure, the materials in this series should be viewed in the context that public figures kept their private life private.","The ephemera is mostly three-dimensional objects from Haley's office. The photographs within this series are also generally of an official nature. They are arranged by subject. Of particular note are the\nphotographs of Haley with several U.S. Presidents. Please see a digital exhibit at\nhttp://www.flsouthern.edu/library/mckay-archives/digital-exhibits/haley-presidents.aspx.","The Hartford Circus Fire collection encompasses documentation of the burning of a tent at the Ringling Bros. and Barnum \u0026 Baily Circus in Hartford, Connecticut on July 6, 1944, the loss of 150 lives, and the resulting trial. As first vice president of the Company, James A. Haley took responsibility, was found\nguilty of manslaughter, and served time in a federal prison. The documentation is comprised of, but not limited to, correspondence, news clippings, financial documents and court records. Correspondence takes the form of letters and telegrams with topics between Haley and staff and Haley and lawyers about what happened in the fire and with the trial. There are also letters to Haley while he is in jail, mostly regarding his personal health and welfare. There are extensive newspaper clippings about the fire and the trial. Corporate information includes circus routes, minutes and by-laws. The financial documents are extensive and record the financial standing of the circus, while Court Records consist of trial scripts, pleas, and scripts from the parole hearing. Anyone searching for general understanding of the events of the fire should look at the newspapers, and then the letters and telegrams.","The Political Papers collection concerns Haley's campaigns and party work. As a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, Haley was up for reelection every two years. The Campaign Files sub-series contains correspondence, government records, news articles, and other documents related to the subject's political campaigns between 1952 and 1974. Of special interest are the endorsements which how where and from whom he received his political support from.","The Democratic Party sub-collection reflects the subject's involvement with his political party. He served as a delegate to several Democratic National Conventions over the course of his career. He also took an interest in other political races throughout Florida and the nation. This series contains correspondence and newspaper articles concerning elections not specific to the subject, as well as general party information for candidates and booklets produced for the conventions.","The Florida House of Representatives collection encompass Haley's career as the State Representative for Sarasota County in the Florida House of Representatives. Haley held this office from 1948-1952. The materials are arranged in as logical order as possible. There was no discernable order prior to processing as the materials had been housed and rehoused several times since they were donated to the college. Of special note are the materials related to the Haley Committee Investigating Crime, which investigated political corruption and organized crime in the state. The collection also includes materials concerning state issues of the day, as well as issues specific to Sarasota County. Additionally, there are reference materials used by the subject in the performance of his duties. The Haley Committee on Investigating Crime sub-series contains transcripts of hearings, proceedings,\ncorrespondence, and news articles related to this committee, while the Issues sub-series is arranged Haley Papers\nalphabetically and contains correspondence, legislation, news articles, and reference material related to the respective issue. The Reference sub-series contain Florida House and Senate Bill Summaries, Legislative calendars, House and Senate Journals, and roll call votes. And, the Sarasota District subseries contain correspondence, reference materials, and news articles related specifically to that district.","The U.S. Congressional Papers, the largest collection, comprise the political aspects of Haley's US congressional career. The materials are arranged in alphabetical order created by his office. Haley held a seat representing the southwest coast and heartland of Florida from 1953-1977. The materials in this\nseries contain correspondence, articles, government documents, and photographs; they cover nearly every major issue to confront the United States during the 1950s through the 1970s. Of special note is the constituent correspondence, which are letters from citizens to Haley asking for information or help on a variety of topics. Letters and telegrams sent to Haley by citizens in his district give a sense of the\nviews of the general public concerning the issues of the era. Haley's views are expressed in his replies. The materials are arranged alphabetically by issue and date. This arrangement closely corresponds to how they were filed in the subject's office. Please note that even though the files are arranged by issue, some correspondence might also be located in \"catch-all\" categories such as \"Haley Bills: Master File: 83rd Congress: 1953-1954,\"\n\"Correspondence: 19XX,\" to use but two examples. ","The Congressman James A. Haley Papers are owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by\nthe copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Please inquire if you have questions -\narchives@flsouthern.edu. ","Constituent Correspondence files are restricted from publication until 2052","The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections","Haley, James A., Congressman ","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS1040","/repositories/2/resources/17"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1948-1977"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Congressman James A. Haley Collection, 1948-1977"],"collection_title_tesim":["Congressman James A. Haley Collection, 1948-1977"],"collection_ssim":["Congressman James A. Haley Collection, 1948-1977"],"repository_ssm":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections"],"repository_ssim":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Washington D.C."],"geogname_ssim":["Washington D.C."],"creator_ssm":["Haley, James A., Congressman "],"creator_ssim":["Haley, James A., Congressman "],"creator_persname_ssim":["Haley, James A., Congressman "],"creators_ssim":["Haley, James A., Congressman "],"places_ssim":["Washington D.C."],"access_terms_ssm":["The Congressman James A. Haley Papers are owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by\nthe copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Please inquire if you have questions -\narchives@flsouthern.edu. ","Constituent Correspondence files are restricted from publication until 2052"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Florida--Politics","Lakeland and Polk County Politics","United States. Congress","House of Representatives--Florida--State Legislature","Circus--management","Correspondence","Clippings","Speeches"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Florida--Politics","Lakeland and Polk County Politics","United States. Congress","House of Representatives--Florida--State Legislature","Circus--management","Correspondence","Clippings","Speeches"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["150 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["150 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Clippings","Speeches"],"date_range_isim":[1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to\nunprocessed born digital materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to\nunprocessed born digital materials."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this collection were maintained by the subject's staff by issue and date. With some modifications allowing for clarity, they have been arranged in a similar fashion. However, you will find that individual issues may appear under multiple subject headings. For example, \"Watergate\" may\nappear under its own heading as well as under \"Richard Nixon\" or \"Nixon Administration.\" Please note that even though the files are arranged by issue, some correspondence might also be located in \"catch-all\" categories such as \"Haley Bills: Master File: 83rd Congress: 1953-1954,\"\n\"Correspondence: 19XX,\" to use but two examples.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJames A. Haley, as chairman of the House Interior Committee during the 1970s, was instrumental in the creation of Big Cypress National Preserve. Franklin Adams lobbied for the establishment of the Big Cypress National Preserve along with many other environmental issues. The Franklin Adams Papers are housed at Florida International University. The Franklin Adams Collection, SPC9000, at Florida International University, Miami. \u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The materials in this collection were maintained by the subject's staff by issue and date. With some modifications allowing for clarity, they have been arranged in a similar fashion. However, you will find that individual issues may appear under multiple subject headings. For example, \"Watergate\" may\nappear under its own heading as well as under \"Richard Nixon\" or \"Nixon Administration.\" Please note that even though the files are arranged by issue, some correspondence might also be located in \"catch-all\" categories such as \"Haley Bills: Master File: 83rd Congress: 1953-1954,\"\n\"Correspondence: 19XX,\" to use but two examples.","James A. Haley, as chairman of the House Interior Committee during the 1970s, was instrumental in the creation of Big Cypress National Preserve. Franklin Adams lobbied for the establishment of the Big Cypress National Preserve along with many other environmental issues. The Franklin Adams Papers are housed at Florida International University. The Franklin Adams Collection, SPC9000, at Florida International University, Miami. "],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames Andrew Haley (January 4, 1899 \u0026#x2013; August 6, 1981) was a U.S. Representative from Florida. Born in Jacksonville, Alabama, Haley attended the public schools and the University of Alabama. He served in the U.S. Army during World War I, and saw combat in France. He was an accountant in Sarasota, Florida, from 1920 to 1933 and served as general manager of the John Ringling estate from 1933 to 1943.\nOn December 4, 1942, Haley married Aubrey Ringling (n\u0026#xE9;e Aubrey Barlow Black), the widow of Richard T. Ringling who had died in 1931. Richard Ringling was the son of one of the original Ringling brothers. From 1943 to 1945, he was the first vice president of Ringling Circus and president and\ndirector of Ringling Brothers, Barnum \u0026amp; Bailey. In 1944, a fire broke out at a Ringling Circus show in Hartford, Connecticut that killed 169 persons. As a result of the fire he and five other circus officials pleaded no contest to charges of involuntary manslaughter and were sentenced to prison. He served\neight months and in 1945 was returned to Florida, where he received a pardon from Governor Millard F. Caldwell. Upon his release from prison, Haley again served as president and director for the Ringling Bros. and Barnum and Bailey Circus of Sarasota from 1946 to 1948. He engaged in newspaper publishing and\nlater in general printing business. He served as chairman of the Democratic Executive Committee of Sarasota County 1935\u0026#x2013;1952. He was elected and served as member of the Florida House of Representatives from 1949 to 1952. He was a delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1952, 1956, and 1960.\nHaley was elected as a Democrat to the Eighty-third and to the eleven succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1953 \u0026#x2013; January 3, 1977). He was a member of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, the Hospital Subcommittee of the Veterans Affair Committee, and the Indian Affairs Subcommittee. He served as chairman of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs (Ninety-third\nand Ninety-fourth Congresses). Haley was not a candidate for reelection to the Ninety-fifth Congress in 1976.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHaley died in Sarasota on August 6, 1981 and was interred in Boca Raton Cemetery in Boca Raton,FL. The James A. Haley Veterans Hospital located in Tampa is named for him. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources: U.S. House of Representatives Official Biography and Haley Papers biographical data, 2018\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["James Andrew Haley (January 4, 1899 – August 6, 1981) was a U.S. Representative from Florida. Born in Jacksonville, Alabama, Haley attended the public schools and the University of Alabama. He served in the U.S. Army during World War I, and saw combat in France. He was an accountant in Sarasota, Florida, from 1920 to 1933 and served as general manager of the John Ringling estate from 1933 to 1943.\nOn December 4, 1942, Haley married Aubrey Ringling (née Aubrey Barlow Black), the widow of Richard T. Ringling who had died in 1931. Richard Ringling was the son of one of the original Ringling brothers. From 1943 to 1945, he was the first vice president of Ringling Circus and president and\ndirector of Ringling Brothers, Barnum \u0026 Bailey. In 1944, a fire broke out at a Ringling Circus show in Hartford, Connecticut that killed 169 persons. As a result of the fire he and five other circus officials pleaded no contest to charges of involuntary manslaughter and were sentenced to prison. He served\neight months and in 1945 was returned to Florida, where he received a pardon from Governor Millard F. Caldwell. Upon his release from prison, Haley again served as president and director for the Ringling Bros. and Barnum and Bailey Circus of Sarasota from 1946 to 1948. He engaged in newspaper publishing and\nlater in general printing business. He served as chairman of the Democratic Executive Committee of Sarasota County 1935–1952. He was elected and served as member of the Florida House of Representatives from 1949 to 1952. He was a delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1952, 1956, and 1960.\nHaley was elected as a Democrat to the Eighty-third and to the eleven succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1953 – January 3, 1977). He was a member of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, the Hospital Subcommittee of the Veterans Affair Committee, and the Indian Affairs Subcommittee. He served as chairman of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs (Ninety-third\nand Ninety-fourth Congresses). Haley was not a candidate for reelection to the Ninety-fifth Congress in 1976.","Haley died in Sarasota on August 6, 1981 and was interred in Boca Raton Cemetery in Boca Raton,FL. The James A. Haley Veterans Hospital located in Tampa is named for him. ","Sources: U.S. House of Representatives Official Biography and Haley Papers biographical data, 2018"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe James A. Haley Papers consist of his personal and political papers. Correspondence, clippings, newsletters, photographs, congressional reports, and awards from various civic and political organizations give insight into Haley's public interests. Photographs of his wife, the Circus and political\naffiliates uncover the many facets of Haley's life. A limited amount of biographical information, including news articles about his death, reflect on how this public figure kept his private life private. Of note is the\nseries about the Hartford Circus fire. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Papers are arranged in five collections: Personal, Hartford Circus Fire, Political, Florida House of Representatives, and U.S. Congressional.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Personal papers, arranged alphabetically by format, consists of calendars, correspondence, newsletters, photographs, awards and other ephemera giving a broad look into Haley's life in and out of office. A limited amount of biographical information, including news articles about his death, is included.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHaley Papers\nCorrespondence, newsletters, and awards from various civic and political organizations show the range of Haley's public interests while the invitations he accepted give a sense of the social life of a congressman in the 1950s-1970s. Congratulatory messages may give insight into who he counted\namong his political allies. The correspondence in this series, 1940-1981, the bulk of which are letters from Haley's time in the U.S. House of Representative (1953-1976) is of a general nature and may not be of a specific topic, but often must still be viewed as official. Since Haley was a public figure, the materials in this series should be viewed in the context that public figures kept their private life private.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe ephemera is mostly three-dimensional objects from Haley's office. The photographs within this series are also generally of an official nature. They are arranged by subject. Of particular note are the\nphotographs of Haley with several U.S. Presidents. Please see a digital exhibit at\nhttp://www.flsouthern.edu/library/mckay-archives/digital-exhibits/haley-presidents.aspx.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Hartford Circus Fire collection encompasses documentation of the burning of a tent at the Ringling Bros. and Barnum \u0026amp; Baily Circus in Hartford, Connecticut on July 6, 1944, the loss of 150 lives, and the resulting trial. As first vice president of the Company, James A. Haley took responsibility, was found\nguilty of manslaughter, and served time in a federal prison. The documentation is comprised of, but not limited to, correspondence, news clippings, financial documents and court records. Correspondence takes the form of letters and telegrams with topics between Haley and staff and Haley and lawyers about what happened in the fire and with the trial. There are also letters to Haley while he is in jail, mostly regarding his personal health and welfare. There are extensive newspaper clippings about the fire and the trial. Corporate information includes circus routes, minutes and by-laws. The financial documents are extensive and record the financial standing of the circus, while Court Records consist of trial scripts, pleas, and scripts from the parole hearing. Anyone searching for general understanding of the events of the fire should look at the newspapers, and then the letters and telegrams.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Political Papers collection concerns Haley's campaigns and party work. As a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, Haley was up for reelection every two years. The Campaign Files sub-series contains correspondence, government records, news articles, and other documents related to the subject's political campaigns between 1952 and 1974. Of special interest are the endorsements which how where and from whom he received his political support from.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Democratic Party sub-collection reflects the subject's involvement with his political party. He served as a delegate to several Democratic National Conventions over the course of his career. He also took an interest in other political races throughout Florida and the nation. This series contains correspondence and newspaper articles concerning elections not specific to the subject, as well as general party information for candidates and booklets produced for the conventions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Florida House of Representatives collection encompass Haley's career as the State Representative for Sarasota County in the Florida House of Representatives. Haley held this office from 1948-1952. The materials are arranged in as logical order as possible. There was no discernable order prior to processing as the materials had been housed and rehoused several times since they were donated to the college. Of special note are the materials related to the Haley Committee Investigating Crime, which investigated political corruption and organized crime in the state. The collection also includes materials concerning state issues of the day, as well as issues specific to Sarasota County. Additionally, there are reference materials used by the subject in the performance of his duties. The Haley Committee on Investigating Crime sub-series contains transcripts of hearings, proceedings,\ncorrespondence, and news articles related to this committee, while the Issues sub-series is arranged Haley Papers\nalphabetically and contains correspondence, legislation, news articles, and reference material related to the respective issue. The Reference sub-series contain Florida House and Senate Bill Summaries, Legislative calendars, House and Senate Journals, and roll call votes. And, the Sarasota District subseries contain correspondence, reference materials, and news articles related specifically to that district.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. Congressional Papers, the largest collection, comprise the political aspects of Haley's US congressional career. The materials are arranged in alphabetical order created by his office. Haley held a seat representing the southwest coast and heartland of Florida from 1953-1977. The materials in this\nseries contain correspondence, articles, government documents, and photographs; they cover nearly every major issue to confront the United States during the 1950s through the 1970s. Of special note is the constituent correspondence, which are letters from citizens to Haley asking for information or help on a variety of topics. Letters and telegrams sent to Haley by citizens in his district give a sense of the\nviews of the general public concerning the issues of the era. Haley's views are expressed in his replies. The materials are arranged alphabetically by issue and date. This arrangement closely corresponds to how they were filed in the subject's office. Please note that even though the files are arranged by issue, some correspondence might also be located in \"catch-all\" categories such as \"Haley Bills: Master File: 83rd Congress: 1953-1954,\"\n\"Correspondence: 19XX,\" to use but two examples. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The James A. Haley Papers consist of his personal and political papers. Correspondence, clippings, newsletters, photographs, congressional reports, and awards from various civic and political organizations give insight into Haley's public interests. Photographs of his wife, the Circus and political\naffiliates uncover the many facets of Haley's life. A limited amount of biographical information, including news articles about his death, reflect on how this public figure kept his private life private. Of note is the\nseries about the Hartford Circus fire. ","The Papers are arranged in five collections: Personal, Hartford Circus Fire, Political, Florida House of Representatives, and U.S. Congressional.","The Personal papers, arranged alphabetically by format, consists of calendars, correspondence, newsletters, photographs, awards and other ephemera giving a broad look into Haley's life in and out of office. A limited amount of biographical information, including news articles about his death, is included.","Haley Papers\nCorrespondence, newsletters, and awards from various civic and political organizations show the range of Haley's public interests while the invitations he accepted give a sense of the social life of a congressman in the 1950s-1970s. Congratulatory messages may give insight into who he counted\namong his political allies. The correspondence in this series, 1940-1981, the bulk of which are letters from Haley's time in the U.S. House of Representative (1953-1976) is of a general nature and may not be of a specific topic, but often must still be viewed as official. Since Haley was a public figure, the materials in this series should be viewed in the context that public figures kept their private life private.","The ephemera is mostly three-dimensional objects from Haley's office. The photographs within this series are also generally of an official nature. They are arranged by subject. Of particular note are the\nphotographs of Haley with several U.S. Presidents. Please see a digital exhibit at\nhttp://www.flsouthern.edu/library/mckay-archives/digital-exhibits/haley-presidents.aspx.","The Hartford Circus Fire collection encompasses documentation of the burning of a tent at the Ringling Bros. and Barnum \u0026 Baily Circus in Hartford, Connecticut on July 6, 1944, the loss of 150 lives, and the resulting trial. As first vice president of the Company, James A. Haley took responsibility, was found\nguilty of manslaughter, and served time in a federal prison. The documentation is comprised of, but not limited to, correspondence, news clippings, financial documents and court records. Correspondence takes the form of letters and telegrams with topics between Haley and staff and Haley and lawyers about what happened in the fire and with the trial. There are also letters to Haley while he is in jail, mostly regarding his personal health and welfare. There are extensive newspaper clippings about the fire and the trial. Corporate information includes circus routes, minutes and by-laws. The financial documents are extensive and record the financial standing of the circus, while Court Records consist of trial scripts, pleas, and scripts from the parole hearing. Anyone searching for general understanding of the events of the fire should look at the newspapers, and then the letters and telegrams.","The Political Papers collection concerns Haley's campaigns and party work. As a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, Haley was up for reelection every two years. The Campaign Files sub-series contains correspondence, government records, news articles, and other documents related to the subject's political campaigns between 1952 and 1974. Of special interest are the endorsements which how where and from whom he received his political support from.","The Democratic Party sub-collection reflects the subject's involvement with his political party. He served as a delegate to several Democratic National Conventions over the course of his career. He also took an interest in other political races throughout Florida and the nation. This series contains correspondence and newspaper articles concerning elections not specific to the subject, as well as general party information for candidates and booklets produced for the conventions.","The Florida House of Representatives collection encompass Haley's career as the State Representative for Sarasota County in the Florida House of Representatives. Haley held this office from 1948-1952. The materials are arranged in as logical order as possible. There was no discernable order prior to processing as the materials had been housed and rehoused several times since they were donated to the college. Of special note are the materials related to the Haley Committee Investigating Crime, which investigated political corruption and organized crime in the state. The collection also includes materials concerning state issues of the day, as well as issues specific to Sarasota County. Additionally, there are reference materials used by the subject in the performance of his duties. The Haley Committee on Investigating Crime sub-series contains transcripts of hearings, proceedings,\ncorrespondence, and news articles related to this committee, while the Issues sub-series is arranged Haley Papers\nalphabetically and contains correspondence, legislation, news articles, and reference material related to the respective issue. The Reference sub-series contain Florida House and Senate Bill Summaries, Legislative calendars, House and Senate Journals, and roll call votes. And, the Sarasota District subseries contain correspondence, reference materials, and news articles related specifically to that district.","The U.S. Congressional Papers, the largest collection, comprise the political aspects of Haley's US congressional career. The materials are arranged in alphabetical order created by his office. Haley held a seat representing the southwest coast and heartland of Florida from 1953-1977. The materials in this\nseries contain correspondence, articles, government documents, and photographs; they cover nearly every major issue to confront the United States during the 1950s through the 1970s. Of special note is the constituent correspondence, which are letters from citizens to Haley asking for information or help on a variety of topics. Letters and telegrams sent to Haley by citizens in his district give a sense of the\nviews of the general public concerning the issues of the era. Haley's views are expressed in his replies. The materials are arranged alphabetically by issue and date. This arrangement closely corresponds to how they were filed in the subject's office. Please note that even though the files are arranged by issue, some correspondence might also be located in \"catch-all\" categories such as \"Haley Bills: Master File: 83rd Congress: 1953-1954,\"\n\"Correspondence: 19XX,\" to use but two examples. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Congressman James A. Haley Papers are owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by\nthe copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Please inquire if you have questions -\narchives@flsouthern.edu. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eConstituent Correspondence files are restricted from publication until 2052\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Congressman James A. Haley Papers are owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by\nthe copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Please inquire if you have questions -\narchives@flsouthern.edu. ","Constituent Correspondence files are restricted from publication until 2052"],"names_ssim":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections","Haley, James A., Congressman "],"corpname_ssim":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Haley, James A., Congressman "],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":4376,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1875924461057736704,"_root_":"731b674a396f199a6d388d63","timestamp":"2026-09-10T06:16:17.977Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/731b674a396f199a6d388d63_aspace_a1e540928ca644732772375244ad99c6"}},{"id":"028f3ba81a755744d614ce0a","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Public Relations, 1922-2010","creator":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/028f3ba81a755744d614ce0a#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["Florida Southern College"],"label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/028f3ba81a755744d614ce0a#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eThis record group contains materials produced and used by the Florida Southern College Public Relations Department and its predecessors. Materials include photographs, many of which were also used to illustrate The Interlachen yearbook and other college publications. Photographs include buildings, students, faculty and staff, and dignitaries and visitors to the campus. In addition to photographs, the collection includes news releases produced by the college and news articles relevant to the college. Several large, bound albums are present, and these contain news articles dating back to 1922 and the college's arrival in Lakeland.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/028f3ba81a755744d614ce0a#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"028f3ba81a755744d614ce0a","title_ssm":["Public Relations"],"title_tesim":["Public Relations"],"ead_ssi":"028f3ba81a755744d614ce0a","unitdate_ssm":["1922-2010"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1922-2010"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Record Group","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["CA10045","/repositories/4/resources/82"],"text":["CA10045","/repositories/4/resources/82","Public Relations, 1922-2010","Public relations—Colleges—Florida—Lakeland.","College publications—Florida—Lakeland.","News releases—Florida—Lakeland.","Newspaper clippings—Florida—Lakeland.","College students—Florida—Lakeland—Photographs.","College sports—Florida—Lakeland—Photographs.","Florida Southern College--History.","College yearbooks—Florida—Lakeland.","College administrators—Florida—Lakeland—Photographs.","College departments - United States - history","Photographs—Florida—Lakeland.","Slides (photographs)","Photographs.","Newspaper clippings","This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the archives' ability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials","This collection has not been fully processed. It has only been processed to a minimum standard so as to make it available to researchers. While effort has been made to place materials in a logical order, some materials may be out of order.","This collection may include materials that reflect certain cultural attitudes and opinions common during the time of their creation. Florida Southern College, Roux Library, and McKay Archives do not promote the attitudes depicted in these materials, but they are included to document the historical record.","This record group contains materials produced and used by the Florida Southern College Public Relations Department and its predecessors. Materials include photographs, many of which were also used to illustrate The Interlachen yearbook and other college publications. Photographs include buildings, students, faculty and staff, and dignitaries and visitors to the campus. In addition to photographs, the collection includes news releases produced by the college and news articles relevant to the college. Several large, bound albums are present, and these contain news articles dating back to 1922 and the college's arrival in Lakeland.","The Public Relations records are owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).","The Florida Southern College Archives","Florida Southern College","English"],"unitid_tesim":["CA10045","/repositories/4/resources/82"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1922-2010"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Public Relations, 1922-2010"],"collection_title_tesim":["Public Relations, 1922-2010"],"collection_ssim":["Public Relations, 1922-2010"],"repository_ssm":["The Florida Southern College Archives"],"repository_ssim":["The Florida Southern College Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Public relations—Colleges—Florida—Lakeland.","College publications—Florida—Lakeland.","News releases—Florida—Lakeland.","Newspaper clippings—Florida—Lakeland.","College students—Florida—Lakeland—Photographs.","College sports—Florida—Lakeland—Photographs."],"geogname_ssim":["Public relations—Colleges—Florida—Lakeland.","College publications—Florida—Lakeland.","News releases—Florida—Lakeland.","Newspaper clippings—Florida—Lakeland.","College students—Florida—Lakeland—Photographs.","College sports—Florida—Lakeland—Photographs."],"creator_ssm":["Florida Southern College"],"creator_ssim":["Florida Southern College"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Florida Southern College"],"creators_ssim":["Florida Southern College"],"places_ssim":["Public relations—Colleges—Florida—Lakeland.","College publications—Florida—Lakeland.","News releases—Florida—Lakeland.","Newspaper clippings—Florida—Lakeland.","College students—Florida—Lakeland—Photographs.","College sports—Florida—Lakeland—Photographs."],"access_terms_ssm":["The Public Relations records are owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["These materials were generated by the college and transferred to the archives upon completion of their active status.\nThis is an active record group and new materials are added periodically."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Florida Southern College--History.","College yearbooks—Florida—Lakeland.","College administrators—Florida—Lakeland—Photographs.","College departments - United States - history","Photographs—Florida—Lakeland.","Slides (photographs)","Photographs.","Newspaper clippings"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Florida Southern College--History.","College yearbooks—Florida—Lakeland.","College administrators—Florida—Lakeland—Photographs.","College departments - United States - history","Photographs—Florida—Lakeland.","Slides (photographs)","Photographs.","Newspaper clippings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["44 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["44 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs—Florida—Lakeland.","Slides (photographs)","Photographs.","Newspaper clippings"],"date_range_isim":[1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the archives' ability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the archives' ability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection has not been fully processed. It has only been processed to a minimum standard so as to make it available to researchers. While effort has been made to place materials in a logical order, some materials may be out of order.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection has not been fully processed. It has only been processed to a minimum standard so as to make it available to researchers. While effort has been made to place materials in a logical order, some materials may be out of order."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection may include materials that reflect certain cultural attitudes and opinions common during the time of their creation. Florida Southern College, Roux Library, and McKay Archives do not promote the attitudes depicted in these materials, but they are included to document the historical record.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["This collection may include materials that reflect certain cultural attitudes and opinions common during the time of their creation. Florida Southern College, Roux Library, and McKay Archives do not promote the attitudes depicted in these materials, but they are included to document the historical record."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis record group contains materials produced and used by the Florida Southern College Public Relations Department and its predecessors. Materials include photographs, many of which were also used to illustrate The Interlachen yearbook and other college publications. Photographs include buildings, students, faculty and staff, and dignitaries and visitors to the campus. In addition to photographs, the collection includes news releases produced by the college and news articles relevant to the college. Several large, bound albums are present, and these contain news articles dating back to 1922 and the college's arrival in Lakeland.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This record group contains materials produced and used by the Florida Southern College Public Relations Department and its predecessors. Materials include photographs, many of which were also used to illustrate The Interlachen yearbook and other college publications. Photographs include buildings, students, faculty and staff, and dignitaries and visitors to the campus. In addition to photographs, the collection includes news releases produced by the college and news articles relevant to the college. Several large, bound albums are present, and these contain news articles dating back to 1922 and the college's arrival in Lakeland."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Public Relations records are owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Public Relations records are owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."],"names_ssim":["The Florida Southern College Archives","Florida Southern College"],"corpname_ssim":["The Florida Southern College Archives","Florida Southern College"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1332,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"028f3ba81a755744d614ce0a","timestamp":"2026-07-10T02:17:33.904Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"028f3ba81a755744d614ce0a","title_ssm":["Public Relations"],"title_tesim":["Public Relations"],"ead_ssi":"028f3ba81a755744d614ce0a","unitdate_ssm":["1922-2010"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1922-2010"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Record Group","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["CA10045","/repositories/4/resources/82"],"text":["CA10045","/repositories/4/resources/82","Public Relations, 1922-2010","Public relations—Colleges—Florida—Lakeland.","College publications—Florida—Lakeland.","News releases—Florida—Lakeland.","Newspaper clippings—Florida—Lakeland.","College students—Florida—Lakeland—Photographs.","College sports—Florida—Lakeland—Photographs.","Florida Southern College--History.","College yearbooks—Florida—Lakeland.","College administrators—Florida—Lakeland—Photographs.","College departments - United States - history","Photographs—Florida—Lakeland.","Slides (photographs)","Photographs.","Newspaper clippings","This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the archives' ability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials","This collection has not been fully processed. It has only been processed to a minimum standard so as to make it available to researchers. While effort has been made to place materials in a logical order, some materials may be out of order.","This collection may include materials that reflect certain cultural attitudes and opinions common during the time of their creation. Florida Southern College, Roux Library, and McKay Archives do not promote the attitudes depicted in these materials, but they are included to document the historical record.","This record group contains materials produced and used by the Florida Southern College Public Relations Department and its predecessors. Materials include photographs, many of which were also used to illustrate The Interlachen yearbook and other college publications. Photographs include buildings, students, faculty and staff, and dignitaries and visitors to the campus. In addition to photographs, the collection includes news releases produced by the college and news articles relevant to the college. Several large, bound albums are present, and these contain news articles dating back to 1922 and the college's arrival in Lakeland.","The Public Relations records are owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).","The Florida Southern College Archives","Florida Southern College","English"],"unitid_tesim":["CA10045","/repositories/4/resources/82"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1922-2010"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Public Relations, 1922-2010"],"collection_title_tesim":["Public Relations, 1922-2010"],"collection_ssim":["Public Relations, 1922-2010"],"repository_ssm":["The Florida Southern College Archives"],"repository_ssim":["The Florida Southern College Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Public relations—Colleges—Florida—Lakeland.","College publications—Florida—Lakeland.","News releases—Florida—Lakeland.","Newspaper clippings—Florida—Lakeland.","College students—Florida—Lakeland—Photographs.","College sports—Florida—Lakeland—Photographs."],"geogname_ssim":["Public relations—Colleges—Florida—Lakeland.","College publications—Florida—Lakeland.","News releases—Florida—Lakeland.","Newspaper clippings—Florida—Lakeland.","College students—Florida—Lakeland—Photographs.","College sports—Florida—Lakeland—Photographs."],"creator_ssm":["Florida Southern College"],"creator_ssim":["Florida Southern College"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Florida Southern College"],"creators_ssim":["Florida Southern College"],"places_ssim":["Public relations—Colleges—Florida—Lakeland.","College publications—Florida—Lakeland.","News releases—Florida—Lakeland.","Newspaper clippings—Florida—Lakeland.","College students—Florida—Lakeland—Photographs.","College sports—Florida—Lakeland—Photographs."],"access_terms_ssm":["The Public Relations records are owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["These materials were generated by the college and transferred to the archives upon completion of their active status.\nThis is an active record group and new materials are added periodically."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Florida Southern College--History.","College yearbooks—Florida—Lakeland.","College administrators—Florida—Lakeland—Photographs.","College departments - United States - history","Photographs—Florida—Lakeland.","Slides (photographs)","Photographs.","Newspaper clippings"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Florida Southern College--History.","College yearbooks—Florida—Lakeland.","College administrators—Florida—Lakeland—Photographs.","College departments - United States - history","Photographs—Florida—Lakeland.","Slides (photographs)","Photographs.","Newspaper clippings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["44 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["44 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs—Florida—Lakeland.","Slides (photographs)","Photographs.","Newspaper clippings"],"date_range_isim":[1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the archives' ability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the archives' ability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection has not been fully processed. It has only been processed to a minimum standard so as to make it available to researchers. While effort has been made to place materials in a logical order, some materials may be out of order.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection has not been fully processed. It has only been processed to a minimum standard so as to make it available to researchers. While effort has been made to place materials in a logical order, some materials may be out of order."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection may include materials that reflect certain cultural attitudes and opinions common during the time of their creation. Florida Southern College, Roux Library, and McKay Archives do not promote the attitudes depicted in these materials, but they are included to document the historical record.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["This collection may include materials that reflect certain cultural attitudes and opinions common during the time of their creation. Florida Southern College, Roux Library, and McKay Archives do not promote the attitudes depicted in these materials, but they are included to document the historical record."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis record group contains materials produced and used by the Florida Southern College Public Relations Department and its predecessors. Materials include photographs, many of which were also used to illustrate The Interlachen yearbook and other college publications. Photographs include buildings, students, faculty and staff, and dignitaries and visitors to the campus. In addition to photographs, the collection includes news releases produced by the college and news articles relevant to the college. Several large, bound albums are present, and these contain news articles dating back to 1922 and the college's arrival in Lakeland.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This record group contains materials produced and used by the Florida Southern College Public Relations Department and its predecessors. Materials include photographs, many of which were also used to illustrate The Interlachen yearbook and other college publications. Photographs include buildings, students, faculty and staff, and dignitaries and visitors to the campus. In addition to photographs, the collection includes news releases produced by the college and news articles relevant to the college. Several large, bound albums are present, and these contain news articles dating back to 1922 and the college's arrival in Lakeland."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Public Relations records are owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Public Relations records are owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."],"names_ssim":["The Florida Southern College Archives","Florida Southern College"],"corpname_ssim":["The Florida Southern College Archives","Florida Southern College"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1332,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"028f3ba81a755744d614ce0a","timestamp":"2026-07-10T02:17:33.904Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/028f3ba81a755744d614ce0a"}},{"id":"8e7cc91182fb37aa8e307166_aspace_39637","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Public Relations and Press Materials, 1963-1983","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/8e7cc91182fb37aa8e307166_aspace_39637#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eSeries III includes a range of public relations materials related to the space program, including brochures, pamphlets and press releases created for the public. Public Relations Materials contains items such as a poster of the Apollo-Suyez Test Project, a booklet about Space Project Mercury, a map of the facilities at John F. Kennedy Space Center and a chart of major NASA launchings. Press Releases contain press packets for various programs and events, including the Apollo-Suyuz Test Project, the Apollo 11 launching and Skylab 1 and 2.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/8e7cc91182fb37aa8e307166_aspace_39637#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_39637","ref_ssm":["aspace_39637","aspace_39637"],"id":"8e7cc91182fb37aa8e307166_aspace_39637","title_filing_ssi":"Public Relations and Press Materials","title_ssm":["Public Relations and Press Materials"],"title_tesim":["Public Relations and Press Materials"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1963-1983"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1963-1983"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Public Relations and Press Materials, 1963-1983"],"text":["Public Relations and Press Materials, 1963-1983","Wagar Space collection, 1944-1986","Series 3","/repositories/4/archival_objects/5942","Series III includes a range of public relations materials related to the space program, including brochures, pamphlets and press releases created for the public. Public Relations Materials contains items such as a poster of the Apollo-Suyez Test Project, a booklet about Space Project Mercury, a map of the facilities at John F. Kennedy Space Center and a chart of major NASA launchings. Press Releases contain press packets for various programs and events, including the Apollo-Suyuz Test Project, the Apollo 11 launching and Skylab 1 and 2."],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ids_ssim":["8e7cc91182fb37aa8e307166"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Wagar Space collection, 1944-1986"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Wagar Space collection, 1944-1986"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Series 3","/repositories/4/archival_objects/5942"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Wagar Space collection, 1944-1986"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":2,"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"sort_isi":78,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The entire collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"date_range_isim":[1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries III includes a range of public relations materials related to the space program, including brochures, pamphlets and press releases created for the public. Public Relations Materials contains items such as a poster of the Apollo-Suyez Test Project, a booklet about Space Project Mercury, a map of the facilities at John F. Kennedy Space Center and a chart of major NASA launchings. Press Releases contain press packets for various programs and events, including the Apollo-Suyuz Test Project, the Apollo 11 launching and Skylab 1 and 2.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Series III includes a range of public relations materials related to the space program, including brochures, pamphlets and press releases created for the public. Public Relations Materials contains items such as a poster of the Apollo-Suyez Test Project, a booklet about Space Project Mercury, a map of the facilities at John F. Kennedy Space Center and a chart of major NASA launchings. Press Releases contain press packets for various programs and events, including the Apollo-Suyuz Test Project, the Apollo 11 launching and Skylab 1 and 2."],"_nest_path_":"/components#2","_nest_parent_":"8e7cc91182fb37aa8e307166","_root_":"8e7cc91182fb37aa8e307166","_version_":1878014775185637376,"timestamp":"2026-10-03T08:00:56.924Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"8e7cc91182fb37aa8e307166","title_ssm":["Wagar Space collection"],"title_tesim":["Wagar Space collection"],"ead_ssi":"8e7cc91182fb37aa8e307166","unitdate_ssm":["1944-1986"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1944-1986"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC010","/repositories/4/resources/27"],"text":["SC010","/repositories/4/resources/27","Wagar Space collection, 1944-1986","Outer space -- Exploration -- United States","Lunar excursion module -- Landing","Space race","newspaper clippings","The entire collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged by material type.","Commander Howard Wagar was born in Fairmont, Minnesota in 1906. He moved to New Jersey in the 1920s, where he worked for WAAM radio station in Newark. He received his radio operators liscense in 1928 and worked as an operator for the merchant marines in various radio stations. Wagar joined the Navy in 1943, where he served until 1966, advancing to the rank of Commander. In the Navy, Wagar participated in sensitive Navy missions, including the Bikini Atoll atomic bomb tests, the Atlas Intercontinental Ballistic Missile Project, and the Apollo Space Project.","Processed and finding aid prepared by Jessica Achberger. Finding aid revised for consistency by Chloe Lanham in 2026.","This collection is similar in content to the  Scott H. Simpkinson collection .","The Wagar Space collection, 1944-1986 represents the interests of Commander Howard Wagar, from the 1940s to the 1980s. His main collecting interest was the space program, for which he collected periodicals, newspaper clippings, public relations materials, photographs, and prints. Subjects include the Apollo missions, the lunar module landing, the Skylab and Viking projects, Mars, the Russian Space Program, and astronauts. The collection also includes information about events such as the post World War II atomic bomb tests, the rise of Fidel Castro to power in Cuba, and the assassination of U.S President John F. Kennedy. This collection provides insight into International space program activities. ","Series I: Periodicals, 1945-1981, Undated, contains periodicals about the space program. The periodicals are in French, Italian and Russian and English, and include issues of major periodicals such as Newsweek, Time and numerous issues of LIFE Magazine, as well as special editions of newspapers such as the Orlando Sentinel. Major headlines include the Gemini mission, the lunar module landing and a multitude of articles on astronauts.","Series II: Newspaper Clippings, 1945- 1982, contains bound and unbound newspaper clippings related to the space program and other major world events. The Space Shot collection includes twenty-three volumes of bound newspaper clippings of all aspects of the space program from 1956 to 1976. Other bound volumes include articles on the rise of Fidel Castro to power in Cuba and the assassination of President Kennedy. Unbound clippings cover various other aspects of the space program, including Mars, the Russian Space Program and Viking 1 and 2.","Series III: Public Relation and Press Materials, 1963-1983, includes a range of public relations materials related to the space program, including brochures, pamphlets and press releases created for the public. Topics covered included the Apollo-Suyuz Test Mission, Space Project Mercury and Skylab 1 and 2.","Series IV: Technical Manuals, 1952-1968 contains technical manuals for a variety of electronic equipment, including different types of lenses, television equipment, utility monitors and film equipment.","Series V: Photographs and Prints, 1954-1986, contains a variety of photographs and prints related to the space program and the U.S. Military. This series includes three volumes of bound official NASA black and white photographs, ranging in date from 1960 to 1974, as well as unbound official photographs of the Apollo 10 and 15 missions and the orbiter Discovery launch. The series also contains photographic prints from the U.S. Army and Air Force, some of which are oversize. Finally, the series includes oil and watercolor prints from various artists depicting events in the space program such as guided missile launches.","Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","The Wagar Space collection, 1944-1986 represents the interests of Commander Howard Wagar, from the 1940s to the 1980s. His main collecting interest was the space program, for which he collected periodicals, newspaper clippings, public relations materials, photographs, and prints. Subjects include the Apollo missions, the lunar module landing, the Skylab and Viking projects, Mars, the Russian Space Program, and astronauts. The collection also includes information about events such as the post World War II atomic bomb tests, the rise of Fidel Castro to power in Cuba, and the assassination of U.S President John F. Kennedy. This collection provides insight into International space program activities. \n\nCommander Howard Wagar was born in Fairmont, Minnesota in 1906. He moved to New Jersey in the 1920s, where he worked for WAAM radio station in Newark. He received his radio operators liscense in 1928 and worked as an operator for the merchant marines in various radio stations. Wagar joined the Navy in 1943, where he served until 1966, advancing to the rank of Commander. In the Navy, Wagar participated in sensitive Navy missions, including the Bikini Atoll atomic bomb tests, the Atlas Intercontinental Ballistic Missile Project, and the Apollo Space Project.","UCF Special Collections","United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration","Project Apollo (U.S.)","Skylab Program","Viking Mars Program (U.S.)","Wagar, Howard C. (Howard Carlyle), 1906-1995","Castro, Fidel (Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz), 1926-2016","Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald), 1917-1963","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC010","/repositories/4/resources/27"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1944-1986"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wagar Space collection, 1944-1986"],"collection_title_tesim":["Wagar Space collection, 1944-1986"],"collection_ssim":["Wagar Space collection, 1944-1986"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Outer space -- Exploration -- United States"],"geogname_ssim":["Outer space -- Exploration -- United States"],"creator_ssm":["Wagar, Howard C. (Howard Carlyle), 1906-1995"],"creator_ssim":["Wagar, Howard C. (Howard Carlyle), 1906-1995"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Wagar, Howard C. (Howard Carlyle), 1906-1995"],"creators_ssim":["Wagar, Howard C. (Howard Carlyle), 1906-1995"],"places_ssim":["Outer space -- Exploration -- United States"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gifted by Howard Wagar in 1973 (Accession no. CFM1973_06)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Lunar excursion module -- Landing","Space race","newspaper clippings"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Lunar excursion module -- Landing","Space race","newspaper clippings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["18.6 Linear Feet 6 boxes, 37 volumes and 1 flat file"],"extent_tesim":["18.6 Linear Feet 6 boxes, 37 volumes and 1 flat file"],"genreform_ssim":["newspaper clippings"],"date_range_isim":[1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged by material type.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged by material type."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCommander Howard Wagar was born in Fairmont, Minnesota in 1906. He moved to New Jersey in the 1920s, where he worked for WAAM radio station in Newark. He received his radio operators liscense in 1928 and worked as an operator for the merchant marines in various radio stations. Wagar joined the Navy in 1943, where he served until 1966, advancing to the rank of Commander. In the Navy, Wagar participated in sensitive Navy missions, including the Bikini Atoll atomic bomb tests, the Atlas Intercontinental Ballistic Missile Project, and the Apollo Space Project.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Commander Howard Wagar was born in Fairmont, Minnesota in 1906. He moved to New Jersey in the 1920s, where he worked for WAAM radio station in Newark. He received his radio operators liscense in 1928 and worked as an operator for the merchant marines in various radio stations. Wagar joined the Navy in 1943, where he served until 1966, advancing to the rank of Commander. In the Navy, Wagar participated in sensitive Navy missions, including the Bikini Atoll atomic bomb tests, the Atlas Intercontinental Ballistic Missile Project, and the Apollo Space Project."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Wagar Space collection, Special Collections \u0026amp; University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Wagar Space collection, Special Collections \u0026 University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed and finding aid prepared by Jessica Achberger. Finding aid revised for consistency by Chloe Lanham in 2026.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed and finding aid prepared by Jessica Achberger. Finding aid revised for consistency by Chloe Lanham in 2026."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is similar in content to the \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2003-08\"\u003eScott H. Simpkinson collection\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["This collection is similar in content to the  Scott H. Simpkinson collection ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Wagar Space collection, 1944-1986 represents the interests of Commander Howard Wagar, from the 1940s to the 1980s. His main collecting interest was the space program, for which he collected periodicals, newspaper clippings, public relations materials, photographs, and prints. Subjects include the Apollo missions, the lunar module landing, the Skylab and Viking projects, Mars, the Russian Space Program, and astronauts. The collection also includes information about events such as the post World War II atomic bomb tests, the rise of Fidel Castro to power in Cuba, and the assassination of U.S President John F. Kennedy. This collection provides insight into International space program activities. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Periodicals, 1945-1981, Undated, contains periodicals about the space program. The periodicals are in French, Italian and Russian and English, and include issues of major periodicals such as Newsweek, Time and numerous issues of LIFE Magazine, as well as special editions of newspapers such as the Orlando Sentinel. Major headlines include the Gemini mission, the lunar module landing and a multitude of articles on astronauts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries II: Newspaper Clippings, 1945- 1982, contains bound and unbound newspaper clippings related to the space program and other major world events. The Space Shot collection includes twenty-three volumes of bound newspaper clippings of all aspects of the space program from 1956 to 1976. Other bound volumes include articles on the rise of Fidel Castro to power in Cuba and the assassination of President Kennedy. Unbound clippings cover various other aspects of the space program, including Mars, the Russian Space Program and Viking 1 and 2.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries III: Public Relation and Press Materials, 1963-1983, includes a range of public relations materials related to the space program, including brochures, pamphlets and press releases created for the public. Topics covered included the Apollo-Suyuz Test Mission, Space Project Mercury and Skylab 1 and 2.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV: Technical Manuals, 1952-1968 contains technical manuals for a variety of electronic equipment, including different types of lenses, television equipment, utility monitors and film equipment.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries V: Photographs and Prints, 1954-1986, contains a variety of photographs and prints related to the space program and the U.S. Military. This series includes three volumes of bound official NASA black and white photographs, ranging in date from 1960 to 1974, as well as unbound official photographs of the Apollo 10 and 15 missions and the orbiter Discovery launch. The series also contains photographic prints from the U.S. Army and Air Force, some of which are oversize. Finally, the series includes oil and watercolor prints from various artists depicting events in the space program such as guided missile launches.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Wagar Space collection, 1944-1986 represents the interests of Commander Howard Wagar, from the 1940s to the 1980s. His main collecting interest was the space program, for which he collected periodicals, newspaper clippings, public relations materials, photographs, and prints. Subjects include the Apollo missions, the lunar module landing, the Skylab and Viking projects, Mars, the Russian Space Program, and astronauts. The collection also includes information about events such as the post World War II atomic bomb tests, the rise of Fidel Castro to power in Cuba, and the assassination of U.S President John F. Kennedy. This collection provides insight into International space program activities. ","Series I: Periodicals, 1945-1981, Undated, contains periodicals about the space program. The periodicals are in French, Italian and Russian and English, and include issues of major periodicals such as Newsweek, Time and numerous issues of LIFE Magazine, as well as special editions of newspapers such as the Orlando Sentinel. Major headlines include the Gemini mission, the lunar module landing and a multitude of articles on astronauts.","Series II: Newspaper Clippings, 1945- 1982, contains bound and unbound newspaper clippings related to the space program and other major world events. The Space Shot collection includes twenty-three volumes of bound newspaper clippings of all aspects of the space program from 1956 to 1976. Other bound volumes include articles on the rise of Fidel Castro to power in Cuba and the assassination of President Kennedy. Unbound clippings cover various other aspects of the space program, including Mars, the Russian Space Program and Viking 1 and 2.","Series III: Public Relation and Press Materials, 1963-1983, includes a range of public relations materials related to the space program, including brochures, pamphlets and press releases created for the public. Topics covered included the Apollo-Suyuz Test Mission, Space Project Mercury and Skylab 1 and 2.","Series IV: Technical Manuals, 1952-1968 contains technical manuals for a variety of electronic equipment, including different types of lenses, television equipment, utility monitors and film equipment.","Series V: Photographs and Prints, 1954-1986, contains a variety of photographs and prints related to the space program and the U.S. Military. This series includes three volumes of bound official NASA black and white photographs, ranging in date from 1960 to 1974, as well as unbound official photographs of the Apollo 10 and 15 missions and the orbiter Discovery launch. The series also contains photographic prints from the U.S. Army and Air Force, some of which are oversize. Finally, the series includes oil and watercolor prints from various artists depicting events in the space program such as guided missile launches."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Copyright Statement"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e6d99f139afb97d5decc6cfd183686b7\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Wagar Space collection, 1944-1986 represents the interests of Commander Howard Wagar, from the 1940s to the 1980s. His main collecting interest was the space program, for which he collected periodicals, newspaper clippings, public relations materials, photographs, and prints. Subjects include the Apollo missions, the lunar module landing, the Skylab and Viking projects, Mars, the Russian Space Program, and astronauts. The collection also includes information about events such as the post World War II atomic bomb tests, the rise of Fidel Castro to power in Cuba, and the assassination of U.S President John F. Kennedy. This collection provides insight into International space program activities. \n\nCommander Howard Wagar was born in Fairmont, Minnesota in 1906. He moved to New Jersey in the 1920s, where he worked for WAAM radio station in Newark. He received his radio operators liscense in 1928 and worked as an operator for the merchant marines in various radio stations. Wagar joined the Navy in 1943, where he served until 1966, advancing to the rank of Commander. In the Navy, Wagar participated in sensitive Navy missions, including the Bikini Atoll atomic bomb tests, the Atlas Intercontinental Ballistic Missile Project, and the Apollo Space Project.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Wagar Space collection, 1944-1986 represents the interests of Commander Howard Wagar, from the 1940s to the 1980s. His main collecting interest was the space program, for which he collected periodicals, newspaper clippings, public relations materials, photographs, and prints. Subjects include the Apollo missions, the lunar module landing, the Skylab and Viking projects, Mars, the Russian Space Program, and astronauts. The collection also includes information about events such as the post World War II atomic bomb tests, the rise of Fidel Castro to power in Cuba, and the assassination of U.S President John F. Kennedy. This collection provides insight into International space program activities. \n\nCommander Howard Wagar was born in Fairmont, Minnesota in 1906. He moved to New Jersey in the 1920s, where he worked for WAAM radio station in Newark. He received his radio operators liscense in 1928 and worked as an operator for the merchant marines in various radio stations. Wagar joined the Navy in 1943, where he served until 1966, advancing to the rank of Commander. In the Navy, Wagar participated in sensitive Navy missions, including the Bikini Atoll atomic bomb tests, the Atlas Intercontinental Ballistic Missile Project, and the Apollo Space Project."],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration","Project Apollo (U.S.)","Skylab Program","Viking Mars Program (U.S.)","Wagar, Howard C. (Howard Carlyle), 1906-1995","Castro, Fidel (Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz), 1926-2016","Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald), 1917-1963"],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration","Project Apollo (U.S.)","Skylab Program","Viking Mars Program (U.S.)","Wagar, Howard C. (Howard Carlyle), 1906-1995","Castro, Fidel (Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz), 1926-2016","Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald), 1917-1963"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration","Project Apollo (U.S.)","Skylab Program","Viking Mars Program (U.S.)"],"persname_ssim":["Wagar, Howard C. (Howard Carlyle), 1906-1995","Castro, Fidel (Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz), 1926-2016","Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald), 1917-1963"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":206,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1878014775185637376,"_root_":"8e7cc91182fb37aa8e307166","timestamp":"2026-10-03T08:00:56.924Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/8e7cc91182fb37aa8e307166_aspace_39637"}},{"id":"8e7cc91182fb37aa8e307166_aspace_39639","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"Public Relations Materials, 1963-1974. Undated","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/8e7cc91182fb37aa8e307166_aspace_39639#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_39639","ref_ssm":["aspace_39639","aspace_39639"],"id":"8e7cc91182fb37aa8e307166_aspace_39639","title_filing_ssi":"Public Relations Materials","title_ssm":["Public Relations Materials"],"title_tesim":["Public Relations Materials"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1963-1974. Undated"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1963-1974. Undated"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Public Relations Materials, 1963-1974. Undated"],"text":["Public Relations Materials, 1963-1974. Undated","Wagar Space collection, 1944-1986","Public Relations and Press Materials, 1963-1983","Sub-Series 1","/repositories/4/archival_objects/5943"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["8e7cc91182fb37aa8e307166","8e7cc91182fb37aa8e307166_aspace_39637"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Wagar Space collection, 1944-1986","Public Relations and Press Materials, 1963-1983"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Wagar Space collection, 1944-1986","Public Relations and Press Materials, 1963-1983"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["Sub-Series 1","/repositories/4/archival_objects/5943"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Wagar Space collection, 1944-1986"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":16,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":79,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The entire collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"date_range_isim":[1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#0","_nest_parent_":"8e7cc91182fb37aa8e307166_aspace_39637","_root_":"8e7cc91182fb37aa8e307166","_version_":1878014775185637376,"timestamp":"2026-10-03T08:00:56.924Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"8e7cc91182fb37aa8e307166","title_ssm":["Wagar Space collection"],"title_tesim":["Wagar Space collection"],"ead_ssi":"8e7cc91182fb37aa8e307166","unitdate_ssm":["1944-1986"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1944-1986"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC010","/repositories/4/resources/27"],"text":["SC010","/repositories/4/resources/27","Wagar Space collection, 1944-1986","Outer space -- Exploration -- United States","Lunar excursion module -- Landing","Space race","newspaper clippings","The entire collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged by material type.","Commander Howard Wagar was born in Fairmont, Minnesota in 1906. He moved to New Jersey in the 1920s, where he worked for WAAM radio station in Newark. He received his radio operators liscense in 1928 and worked as an operator for the merchant marines in various radio stations. Wagar joined the Navy in 1943, where he served until 1966, advancing to the rank of Commander. In the Navy, Wagar participated in sensitive Navy missions, including the Bikini Atoll atomic bomb tests, the Atlas Intercontinental Ballistic Missile Project, and the Apollo Space Project.","Processed and finding aid prepared by Jessica Achberger. Finding aid revised for consistency by Chloe Lanham in 2026.","This collection is similar in content to the  Scott H. Simpkinson collection .","The Wagar Space collection, 1944-1986 represents the interests of Commander Howard Wagar, from the 1940s to the 1980s. His main collecting interest was the space program, for which he collected periodicals, newspaper clippings, public relations materials, photographs, and prints. Subjects include the Apollo missions, the lunar module landing, the Skylab and Viking projects, Mars, the Russian Space Program, and astronauts. The collection also includes information about events such as the post World War II atomic bomb tests, the rise of Fidel Castro to power in Cuba, and the assassination of U.S President John F. Kennedy. This collection provides insight into International space program activities. ","Series I: Periodicals, 1945-1981, Undated, contains periodicals about the space program. The periodicals are in French, Italian and Russian and English, and include issues of major periodicals such as Newsweek, Time and numerous issues of LIFE Magazine, as well as special editions of newspapers such as the Orlando Sentinel. Major headlines include the Gemini mission, the lunar module landing and a multitude of articles on astronauts.","Series II: Newspaper Clippings, 1945- 1982, contains bound and unbound newspaper clippings related to the space program and other major world events. The Space Shot collection includes twenty-three volumes of bound newspaper clippings of all aspects of the space program from 1956 to 1976. Other bound volumes include articles on the rise of Fidel Castro to power in Cuba and the assassination of President Kennedy. Unbound clippings cover various other aspects of the space program, including Mars, the Russian Space Program and Viking 1 and 2.","Series III: Public Relation and Press Materials, 1963-1983, includes a range of public relations materials related to the space program, including brochures, pamphlets and press releases created for the public. Topics covered included the Apollo-Suyuz Test Mission, Space Project Mercury and Skylab 1 and 2.","Series IV: Technical Manuals, 1952-1968 contains technical manuals for a variety of electronic equipment, including different types of lenses, television equipment, utility monitors and film equipment.","Series V: Photographs and Prints, 1954-1986, contains a variety of photographs and prints related to the space program and the U.S. Military. This series includes three volumes of bound official NASA black and white photographs, ranging in date from 1960 to 1974, as well as unbound official photographs of the Apollo 10 and 15 missions and the orbiter Discovery launch. The series also contains photographic prints from the U.S. Army and Air Force, some of which are oversize. Finally, the series includes oil and watercolor prints from various artists depicting events in the space program such as guided missile launches.","Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","The Wagar Space collection, 1944-1986 represents the interests of Commander Howard Wagar, from the 1940s to the 1980s. His main collecting interest was the space program, for which he collected periodicals, newspaper clippings, public relations materials, photographs, and prints. Subjects include the Apollo missions, the lunar module landing, the Skylab and Viking projects, Mars, the Russian Space Program, and astronauts. The collection also includes information about events such as the post World War II atomic bomb tests, the rise of Fidel Castro to power in Cuba, and the assassination of U.S President John F. Kennedy. This collection provides insight into International space program activities. \n\nCommander Howard Wagar was born in Fairmont, Minnesota in 1906. He moved to New Jersey in the 1920s, where he worked for WAAM radio station in Newark. He received his radio operators liscense in 1928 and worked as an operator for the merchant marines in various radio stations. Wagar joined the Navy in 1943, where he served until 1966, advancing to the rank of Commander. In the Navy, Wagar participated in sensitive Navy missions, including the Bikini Atoll atomic bomb tests, the Atlas Intercontinental Ballistic Missile Project, and the Apollo Space Project.","UCF Special Collections","United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration","Project Apollo (U.S.)","Skylab Program","Viking Mars Program (U.S.)","Wagar, Howard C. (Howard Carlyle), 1906-1995","Castro, Fidel (Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz), 1926-2016","Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald), 1917-1963","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC010","/repositories/4/resources/27"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1944-1986"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wagar Space collection, 1944-1986"],"collection_title_tesim":["Wagar Space collection, 1944-1986"],"collection_ssim":["Wagar Space collection, 1944-1986"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Outer space -- Exploration -- United States"],"geogname_ssim":["Outer space -- Exploration -- United States"],"creator_ssm":["Wagar, Howard C. (Howard Carlyle), 1906-1995"],"creator_ssim":["Wagar, Howard C. (Howard Carlyle), 1906-1995"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Wagar, Howard C. (Howard Carlyle), 1906-1995"],"creators_ssim":["Wagar, Howard C. (Howard Carlyle), 1906-1995"],"places_ssim":["Outer space -- Exploration -- United States"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gifted by Howard Wagar in 1973 (Accession no. CFM1973_06)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Lunar excursion module -- Landing","Space race","newspaper clippings"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Lunar excursion module -- Landing","Space race","newspaper clippings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["18.6 Linear Feet 6 boxes, 37 volumes and 1 flat file"],"extent_tesim":["18.6 Linear Feet 6 boxes, 37 volumes and 1 flat file"],"genreform_ssim":["newspaper clippings"],"date_range_isim":[1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged by material type.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged by material type."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCommander Howard Wagar was born in Fairmont, Minnesota in 1906. He moved to New Jersey in the 1920s, where he worked for WAAM radio station in Newark. He received his radio operators liscense in 1928 and worked as an operator for the merchant marines in various radio stations. Wagar joined the Navy in 1943, where he served until 1966, advancing to the rank of Commander. In the Navy, Wagar participated in sensitive Navy missions, including the Bikini Atoll atomic bomb tests, the Atlas Intercontinental Ballistic Missile Project, and the Apollo Space Project.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Commander Howard Wagar was born in Fairmont, Minnesota in 1906. He moved to New Jersey in the 1920s, where he worked for WAAM radio station in Newark. He received his radio operators liscense in 1928 and worked as an operator for the merchant marines in various radio stations. Wagar joined the Navy in 1943, where he served until 1966, advancing to the rank of Commander. In the Navy, Wagar participated in sensitive Navy missions, including the Bikini Atoll atomic bomb tests, the Atlas Intercontinental Ballistic Missile Project, and the Apollo Space Project."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Wagar Space collection, Special Collections \u0026amp; University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Wagar Space collection, Special Collections \u0026 University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed and finding aid prepared by Jessica Achberger. Finding aid revised for consistency by Chloe Lanham in 2026.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed and finding aid prepared by Jessica Achberger. Finding aid revised for consistency by Chloe Lanham in 2026."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is similar in content to the \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2003-08\"\u003eScott H. Simpkinson collection\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["This collection is similar in content to the  Scott H. Simpkinson collection ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Wagar Space collection, 1944-1986 represents the interests of Commander Howard Wagar, from the 1940s to the 1980s. His main collecting interest was the space program, for which he collected periodicals, newspaper clippings, public relations materials, photographs, and prints. Subjects include the Apollo missions, the lunar module landing, the Skylab and Viking projects, Mars, the Russian Space Program, and astronauts. The collection also includes information about events such as the post World War II atomic bomb tests, the rise of Fidel Castro to power in Cuba, and the assassination of U.S President John F. Kennedy. This collection provides insight into International space program activities. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Periodicals, 1945-1981, Undated, contains periodicals about the space program. The periodicals are in French, Italian and Russian and English, and include issues of major periodicals such as Newsweek, Time and numerous issues of LIFE Magazine, as well as special editions of newspapers such as the Orlando Sentinel. Major headlines include the Gemini mission, the lunar module landing and a multitude of articles on astronauts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries II: Newspaper Clippings, 1945- 1982, contains bound and unbound newspaper clippings related to the space program and other major world events. The Space Shot collection includes twenty-three volumes of bound newspaper clippings of all aspects of the space program from 1956 to 1976. Other bound volumes include articles on the rise of Fidel Castro to power in Cuba and the assassination of President Kennedy. Unbound clippings cover various other aspects of the space program, including Mars, the Russian Space Program and Viking 1 and 2.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries III: Public Relation and Press Materials, 1963-1983, includes a range of public relations materials related to the space program, including brochures, pamphlets and press releases created for the public. Topics covered included the Apollo-Suyuz Test Mission, Space Project Mercury and Skylab 1 and 2.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV: Technical Manuals, 1952-1968 contains technical manuals for a variety of electronic equipment, including different types of lenses, television equipment, utility monitors and film equipment.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries V: Photographs and Prints, 1954-1986, contains a variety of photographs and prints related to the space program and the U.S. Military. This series includes three volumes of bound official NASA black and white photographs, ranging in date from 1960 to 1974, as well as unbound official photographs of the Apollo 10 and 15 missions and the orbiter Discovery launch. The series also contains photographic prints from the U.S. Army and Air Force, some of which are oversize. Finally, the series includes oil and watercolor prints from various artists depicting events in the space program such as guided missile launches.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Wagar Space collection, 1944-1986 represents the interests of Commander Howard Wagar, from the 1940s to the 1980s. His main collecting interest was the space program, for which he collected periodicals, newspaper clippings, public relations materials, photographs, and prints. Subjects include the Apollo missions, the lunar module landing, the Skylab and Viking projects, Mars, the Russian Space Program, and astronauts. The collection also includes information about events such as the post World War II atomic bomb tests, the rise of Fidel Castro to power in Cuba, and the assassination of U.S President John F. Kennedy. This collection provides insight into International space program activities. ","Series I: Periodicals, 1945-1981, Undated, contains periodicals about the space program. The periodicals are in French, Italian and Russian and English, and include issues of major periodicals such as Newsweek, Time and numerous issues of LIFE Magazine, as well as special editions of newspapers such as the Orlando Sentinel. Major headlines include the Gemini mission, the lunar module landing and a multitude of articles on astronauts.","Series II: Newspaper Clippings, 1945- 1982, contains bound and unbound newspaper clippings related to the space program and other major world events. The Space Shot collection includes twenty-three volumes of bound newspaper clippings of all aspects of the space program from 1956 to 1976. Other bound volumes include articles on the rise of Fidel Castro to power in Cuba and the assassination of President Kennedy. Unbound clippings cover various other aspects of the space program, including Mars, the Russian Space Program and Viking 1 and 2.","Series III: Public Relation and Press Materials, 1963-1983, includes a range of public relations materials related to the space program, including brochures, pamphlets and press releases created for the public. Topics covered included the Apollo-Suyuz Test Mission, Space Project Mercury and Skylab 1 and 2.","Series IV: Technical Manuals, 1952-1968 contains technical manuals for a variety of electronic equipment, including different types of lenses, television equipment, utility monitors and film equipment.","Series V: Photographs and Prints, 1954-1986, contains a variety of photographs and prints related to the space program and the U.S. Military. This series includes three volumes of bound official NASA black and white photographs, ranging in date from 1960 to 1974, as well as unbound official photographs of the Apollo 10 and 15 missions and the orbiter Discovery launch. The series also contains photographic prints from the U.S. Army and Air Force, some of which are oversize. Finally, the series includes oil and watercolor prints from various artists depicting events in the space program such as guided missile launches."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Copyright Statement"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e6d99f139afb97d5decc6cfd183686b7\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Wagar Space collection, 1944-1986 represents the interests of Commander Howard Wagar, from the 1940s to the 1980s. His main collecting interest was the space program, for which he collected periodicals, newspaper clippings, public relations materials, photographs, and prints. Subjects include the Apollo missions, the lunar module landing, the Skylab and Viking projects, Mars, the Russian Space Program, and astronauts. The collection also includes information about events such as the post World War II atomic bomb tests, the rise of Fidel Castro to power in Cuba, and the assassination of U.S President John F. Kennedy. This collection provides insight into International space program activities. \n\nCommander Howard Wagar was born in Fairmont, Minnesota in 1906. He moved to New Jersey in the 1920s, where he worked for WAAM radio station in Newark. He received his radio operators liscense in 1928 and worked as an operator for the merchant marines in various radio stations. Wagar joined the Navy in 1943, where he served until 1966, advancing to the rank of Commander. In the Navy, Wagar participated in sensitive Navy missions, including the Bikini Atoll atomic bomb tests, the Atlas Intercontinental Ballistic Missile Project, and the Apollo Space Project.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Wagar Space collection, 1944-1986 represents the interests of Commander Howard Wagar, from the 1940s to the 1980s. His main collecting interest was the space program, for which he collected periodicals, newspaper clippings, public relations materials, photographs, and prints. Subjects include the Apollo missions, the lunar module landing, the Skylab and Viking projects, Mars, the Russian Space Program, and astronauts. The collection also includes information about events such as the post World War II atomic bomb tests, the rise of Fidel Castro to power in Cuba, and the assassination of U.S President John F. Kennedy. This collection provides insight into International space program activities. \n\nCommander Howard Wagar was born in Fairmont, Minnesota in 1906. He moved to New Jersey in the 1920s, where he worked for WAAM radio station in Newark. He received his radio operators liscense in 1928 and worked as an operator for the merchant marines in various radio stations. Wagar joined the Navy in 1943, where he served until 1966, advancing to the rank of Commander. In the Navy, Wagar participated in sensitive Navy missions, including the Bikini Atoll atomic bomb tests, the Atlas Intercontinental Ballistic Missile Project, and the Apollo Space Project."],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration","Project Apollo (U.S.)","Skylab Program","Viking Mars Program (U.S.)","Wagar, Howard C. (Howard Carlyle), 1906-1995","Castro, Fidel (Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz), 1926-2016","Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald), 1917-1963"],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration","Project Apollo (U.S.)","Skylab Program","Viking Mars Program (U.S.)","Wagar, Howard C. (Howard Carlyle), 1906-1995","Castro, Fidel (Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz), 1926-2016","Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald), 1917-1963"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration","Project Apollo (U.S.)","Skylab Program","Viking Mars Program (U.S.)"],"persname_ssim":["Wagar, Howard C. (Howard Carlyle), 1906-1995","Castro, Fidel (Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz), 1926-2016","Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald), 1917-1963"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":206,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1878014775185637376,"_root_":"8e7cc91182fb37aa8e307166","timestamp":"2026-10-03T08:00:56.924Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/8e7cc91182fb37aa8e307166_aspace_39639"}},{"id":"5431aeb5d782b72e838eb840_aspace_55244","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Public School Education- Statistical and Financial Data, 1966-1969","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/5431aeb5d782b72e838eb840_aspace_55244#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_55244","ref_ssm":["aspace_55244","aspace_55244"],"id":"5431aeb5d782b72e838eb840_aspace_55244","title_filing_ssi":"Public School Education- Statistical and Financial Data","title_ssm":["Public School Education- Statistical and Financial Data"],"title_tesim":["Public School Education- Statistical and Financial Data"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1966-1969"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1966-1969"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Public School Education- Statistical and Financial Data, 1966-1969"],"text":["Public School Education- Statistical and Financial Data, 1966-1969","T. Terrell Sessums collection, 1952-2009, Date acquired: 12/13/1974","Public Education Legislation","Public Education, 1966-1969","Folder 2","/repositories/2/archival_objects/84093","box 63","folder 2"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["5431aeb5d782b72e838eb840","5431aeb5d782b72e838eb840_aspace_52809","5431aeb5d782b72e838eb840_aspace_55241"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["T. Terrell Sessums collection, 1952-2009, Date acquired: 12/13/1974","Public Education Legislation","Public Education, 1966-1969"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["T. Terrell Sessums collection, 1952-2009, Date acquired: 12/13/1974","Public Education Legislation","Public Education, 1966-1969"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Box"],"unitid_ssm":["Folder 2","/repositories/2/archival_objects/84093"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["T. Terrell Sessums collection, 1952-2009, Date acquired: 12/13/1974"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":653,"parent_access_terms_tesm":["None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information."],"date_range_isim":[1966,1967,1968,1969],"containers_ssim":["box 63","folder 2"],"_nest_path_":"/components#8/components#2/components#1","_nest_parent_":"5431aeb5d782b72e838eb840_aspace_55241","_root_":"5431aeb5d782b72e838eb840","timestamp":"2026-07-09T04:24:39.610Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"5431aeb5d782b72e838eb840","title_ssm":["T. Terrell Sessums collection"],"title_tesim":["T. Terrell Sessums collection"],"ead_ssi":"5431aeb5d782b72e838eb840","unitdate_ssm":["1952-2009","Date acquired: 12/13/1974"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1952-2009"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 12/13/1974"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-1974-03","/repositories/2/resources/394"],"text":["MS-1974-03","/repositories/2/resources/394","T. Terrell Sessums collection, 1952-2009, Date acquired: 12/13/1974","Citrus County (Fla.)","Pasco County (Fla.)","Tampa (Fla.) -- History","Hernando County (Fla.) -- History","Constitutions","Education, Higher -- Florida","Florida -- Legislature -- House of Representatives","Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University","Hillsborough County (Fla.) -- Charters","School integration -- Florida -- Hillsborough County","State universities and colleges -- Florida","Sessums, T. Terrell -- Correspondence","Within series, by subject and type of material","A native Floridian, Terrell Sessums was born in 1930 in Daytona Beach. He was raised in Jacksonville, Florida, and received his bachelor's degree in political science from the University of Florida in 1953. After graduation, Sessums was commissioned as a 2 nd  Lieutenant in the United States Air Force. He was stationed in Alabama for three years before returning to the University of Florida to obtain his law degree, which he received in 1958. His legal career began in Tampa, where he gained exposure to Hillsborough County politics while working at the law firm of Hardee and Ott. During the 1959 and 1961 legislative sessions, Sessums worked as a legislative aide to former Senator Sam Gibbons, who played a key role in the establishment of the University of South Florida.  In 1963, Sessums was elected to the Florida House of Representatives, where he served as Speaker pro tempore from 1968 to 1970 and Speaker of the House from 1972 to 1974. During this time, Sessums remained greatly concerned with education in Florida.  He served as chairman of the House Education Committee from 1970 to 1972, and was particularly active in pressing for more equitable allocation of education funds. Sessums also played a major role in the establishment of the University of South Florida College of Medicine, which opened with its charter class in September of 1971.","Pearson, Paul. \"Silhouettes: Terrell Sessums.\"  La Gaceta . (August 19, 1994): 14.","Terrell T. Sessums, Carlton-Anthony Oral History Project, Special Collections Department, Tampa Library, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.","Terrell T. Sessums Papers, Special Collections Department, Tampa Library, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.","Note written by Jean Mcallister, 2010","T. Terrell Sessums [video recording], Carlton-Anthony Oral History Project, Special Collections Department, Tampa Library, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.","http://digital.lib.usf.edu/?u11.22","Materials include correspondence, publications, reports, legislative proposals, campaign materials, maps, photographs, newspaper clippings, bills, and charters. The range of subjects covered includes busing, education, transportation, state universities, the Hillsborough County Charter, housing, taxes, reapportionment, the revision of the State Constitution, school desegregation in Hillsborough County, the Equal Rights Amendment, and the Johns Committee.","None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information.","USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Florida. Legislature. Legislative Investigation Committee","University of South Florida ","Sessums, Thomas Terrell (1930-2020)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-1974-03","/repositories/2/resources/394"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1952-2009, Date acquired: 12/13/1974"],"normalized_title_ssm":["T. Terrell Sessums collection, 1952-2009, Date acquired: 12/13/1974"],"collection_title_tesim":["T. Terrell Sessums collection, 1952-2009, Date acquired: 12/13/1974"],"collection_ssim":["T. 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Terrell -- Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWithin series, by subject and type of material\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["Within series, by subject and type of material"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA native Floridian, Terrell Sessums was born in 1930 in Daytona Beach. He was raised in Jacksonville, Florida, and received his bachelor's degree in political science from the University of Florida in 1953. After graduation, Sessums was commissioned as a 2\u003cemph render=\"super\"\u003end\u003c/emph\u003e Lieutenant in the United States Air Force. He was stationed in Alabama for three years before returning to the University of Florida to obtain his law degree, which he received in 1958. His legal career began in Tampa, where he gained exposure to Hillsborough County politics while working at the law firm of Hardee and Ott. During the 1959 and 1961 legislative sessions, Sessums worked as a legislative aide to former Senator Sam Gibbons, who played a key role in the establishment of the University of South Florida.  In 1963, Sessums was elected to the Florida House of Representatives, where he served as Speaker pro tempore from 1968 to 1970 and Speaker of the House from 1972 to 1974. During this time, Sessums remained greatly concerned with education in Florida.  He served as chairman of the House Education Committee from 1970 to 1972, and was particularly active in pressing for more equitable allocation of education funds. Sessums also played a major role in the establishment of the University of South Florida College of Medicine, which opened with its charter class in September of 1971.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePearson, Paul. \"Silhouettes: Terrell Sessums.\" \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLa Gaceta\u003c/emph\u003e. (August 19, 1994): 14.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTerrell T. Sessums, Carlton-Anthony Oral History Project, Special Collections Department, Tampa Library, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTerrell T. Sessums Papers, Special Collections Department, Tampa Library, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Jean Mcallister, 2010\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["A native Floridian, Terrell Sessums was born in 1930 in Daytona Beach. He was raised in Jacksonville, Florida, and received his bachelor's degree in political science from the University of Florida in 1953. After graduation, Sessums was commissioned as a 2 nd  Lieutenant in the United States Air Force. He was stationed in Alabama for three years before returning to the University of Florida to obtain his law degree, which he received in 1958. His legal career began in Tampa, where he gained exposure to Hillsborough County politics while working at the law firm of Hardee and Ott. During the 1959 and 1961 legislative sessions, Sessums worked as a legislative aide to former Senator Sam Gibbons, who played a key role in the establishment of the University of South Florida.  In 1963, Sessums was elected to the Florida House of Representatives, where he served as Speaker pro tempore from 1968 to 1970 and Speaker of the House from 1972 to 1974. During this time, Sessums remained greatly concerned with education in Florida.  He served as chairman of the House Education Committee from 1970 to 1972, and was particularly active in pressing for more equitable allocation of education funds. Sessums also played a major role in the establishment of the University of South Florida College of Medicine, which opened with its charter class in September of 1971.","Pearson, Paul. \"Silhouettes: Terrell Sessums.\"  La Gaceta . (August 19, 1994): 14.","Terrell T. Sessums, Carlton-Anthony Oral History Project, Special Collections Department, Tampa Library, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.","Terrell T. Sessums Papers, Special Collections Department, Tampa Library, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.","Note written by Jean Mcallister, 2010"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eT. Terrell Sessums Papers, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["T. Terrell Sessums Papers, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eT. Terrell Sessums [video recording], Carlton-Anthony Oral History Project, Special Collections Department, Tampa Library, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ehttp://digital.lib.usf.edu/?u11.22\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["T. Terrell Sessums [video recording], Carlton-Anthony Oral History Project, Special Collections Department, Tampa Library, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.","http://digital.lib.usf.edu/?u11.22"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials include correspondence, publications, reports, legislative proposals, campaign materials, maps, photographs, newspaper clippings, bills, and charters. The range of subjects covered includes busing, education, transportation, state universities, the Hillsborough County Charter, housing, taxes, reapportionment, the revision of the State Constitution, school desegregation in Hillsborough County, the Equal Rights Amendment, and the Johns Committee.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Materials include correspondence, publications, reports, legislative proposals, campaign materials, maps, photographs, newspaper clippings, bills, and charters. The range of subjects covered includes busing, education, transportation, state universities, the Hillsborough County Charter, housing, taxes, reapportionment, the revision of the State Constitution, school desegregation in Hillsborough County, the Equal Rights Amendment, and the Johns Committee."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone.\u0026#xA0;The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.\u0026#xA0; Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at \u003cextref href=\"http://www.copyright.gov/\"\u003ehttp://www.copyright.gov/\u003c/extref\u003e for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information."],"names_coll_ssim":["Florida. Legislature. Legislative Investigation Committee","University of South Florida "],"names_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Florida. Legislature. Legislative Investigation Committee","University of South Florida ","Sessums, Thomas Terrell (1930-2020)"],"corpname_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Florida. Legislature. Legislative Investigation Committee","University of South Florida "],"persname_ssim":["Sessums, Thomas Terrell (1930-2020)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1188,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"5431aeb5d782b72e838eb840","timestamp":"2026-07-09T04:24:39.610Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/5431aeb5d782b72e838eb840_aspace_55244"}},{"id":"be620515e93d7bdc8ed7eb22_aspace_242da659ddb87279fb0357020f3c5a11","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Published Works, 1958-1983","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/be620515e93d7bdc8ed7eb22_aspace_242da659ddb87279fb0357020f3c5a11#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_242da659ddb87279fb0357020f3c5a11","ref_ssm":["aspace_242da659ddb87279fb0357020f3c5a11","aspace_242da659ddb87279fb0357020f3c5a11"],"id":"be620515e93d7bdc8ed7eb22_aspace_242da659ddb87279fb0357020f3c5a11","title_filing_ssi":"Published Works","title_ssm":["Published Works"],"title_tesim":["Published Works"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1958-1983"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1958-1983"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Published Works, 1958-1983"],"text":["Published Works, 1958-1983","Warren O. Johnson Collection, 1890s-1980s","Box 1","/repositories/3/archival_objects/13147","folder 12"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["be620515e93d7bdc8ed7eb22","be620515e93d7bdc8ed7eb22_aspace_70e523c8276516cb16263652e11d2ac9"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Warren O. Johnson Collection, 1890s-1980s","Box 1"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Warren O. Johnson Collection, 1890s-1980s","Box 1"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Box"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/3/archival_objects/13147"],"repository_ssim":["Thomas B. Mack Florida Citrus Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Warren O. Johnson Collection, 1890s-1980s"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":13,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in\nadvance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection\nrestrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the archives' ability to\nprovide access to unprocessed born digital materials."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The Warren O. Johnson Collection is owned by Florida Southern College. This collection\nis protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is\npermitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses\nyou need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."],"date_range_isim":[1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983],"containers_ssim":["folder 12"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#11","_nest_parent_":"be620515e93d7bdc8ed7eb22_aspace_70e523c8276516cb16263652e11d2ac9","_root_":"be620515e93d7bdc8ed7eb22","_version_":1870852073375924224,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T06:32:52.174Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"be620515e93d7bdc8ed7eb22","title_ssm":["Warren O. Johnson Collection"],"title_tesim":["Warren O. Johnson Collection"],"ead_ssi":"be620515e93d7bdc8ed7eb22","unitdate_ssm":["1890s-1980s"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1890s-1980s"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["CIT2050","/repositories/3/resources/69"],"text":["CIT2050","/repositories/3/resources/69","Warren O. Johnson Collection, 1890s-1980s","Johnson, Warren O., 1906-1990","Agricultural forecasting--Florida","Frost--Florida--Forecasting","Meteorological stations--Florida","Citrus fruits--Florida--Effect of cold on","United States. Weather Bureau","Climatology--Florida","Hurricanes--Florida","Maps","Reports","This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in\nadvance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection\nrestrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the archives' ability to\nprovide access to unprocessed born digital materials.","Warren O. Johnson was born on a farm in Benson, Minnesota, in 1906. He was\nconsidered one of the outstanding agricultural forecasters in the nation. Earning a Bachelor of\nArts degree in Science, History, and English in 1928 from Gustavious Adolphus College in St.\nPeter, Minnesota, Johnson minored in meteorology. Johnson's professors advised him to pursue a\ncareer in weather forecasting. He took that advice. He was a forecaster for forty-\ntwo years, thirty-five of which were in Florida. He was the meteorologist in charge of the\nFederal-State Agricultural Weather Service.\nFollowing a brief assignment as a U.S. Weather Bureau observer in Huron, South Dakota,\nJohnson was transferred to the bureau's headquarters in Washington, D.C. to work in the\nHurricane Forecasting Center for the Eastern United States from Maine to Florida, including the\nGulf of Mexico and the western Caribbean. While in Jacksonville, receiving advanced\nforecasting training, a forecasting and hurricane center was established there and Johnson was\nselected to assist in developing it.\nIn 1935 he transferred to Lakeland to take part in and help develop another newly-established\nweather program in the State of Florida – a joint Federal-State Agricultural Weather Service. His\nvalue to the hurricane forecasting section of the weather service and to the Federal-State\nAgricultural Weather Service resulted in him spending three years shuttling between forecasting\nhurricanes in the summer and freezes in the winter. He was called to hurricane forecasting in\n1938, but Johnson returned to Lakeland and the agricultural weather service as meteorologist in\ncharge. But his prowess as \"one of the top forecasters\" demanded his temporary duty in the\nHurricane Tracking Center, by then located in Miami. Like any other thriving and successful\nbusiness venture, the Federal-State Agricultural Weather Service expanded. It grew into a\nnetwork of eight field stations and 400 temperature survey stations, and Johnson was required to\nremain in Lakeland year-round to administer the service. His accuracy in forecasting freezes was\nestablished during those years, and he is considered one of the outstanding weather forecasters in\nthe nation. He not only earned the respect of those in the citrus industry, but of those of cousin\nagricultural industries, including vegetable and cattle.\nWhile at the agricultural weather service, Johnson was responsible for developing a widespread\ndaily broadcast of frost warning bulletins carried statewide by a radio network. \"Probably no\nindividual associated with the citrus industry was better known to growers and production\nmanagers – especially during the cold months,\" is the way Johnson was described by R.E.\nNorris. Not only was Johnson providing \"unusual accuracy\" in forecasting temperature\nminimums and duration of temperatures dangerous to citrus, he also assembled information and\ndata regarding grove protection during periods of frost and developed data regarding prospective\ngrove locations and the minimum temperatures the potential grove could expect.\nFrom 1943 through 1970, he was in charge of the Lakeland office and responsible for the\nagricultural forecasts during the winter months. Johnson developed a daily broadcast of frost\nwarning bulletins carried throughout the state by many radio stations. He established a teletype\nnetwork that was made available to growers. He administered field districts and hundreds of\ntemperature survey stations which helped depict minimum temperature characteristics of the\nstate. He also compiled data on the effects of various temperatures on the growth of citrus and\nvegetables. That data became the basis for Florida, Texas, and California programs and\nprotective measures to prevent agricultural damage.\nImpending frost of the nature that occasionally settles over the state during peak winter\nharvesting months are not as feared by citrus men today as they once were, thanks to the life's\nwork of \"Mr. Forecaster,\" Warren O. Johnson. From 1943 until his retirement, Johnson was\nassociated jointly with the Federal and State governments as the meteorologist in charge of the\nFederal-State Agricultural Weather Service. \"I think that he had a better feel for what was going\nto occur on those cold nights than the meteorologists of today, even though they must have had at\ntheir command very sophisticated technology as compared to the Johnson Days,\" wrote C.A.\nRoot, vice-president of Lykes Brothers citrus division.\nMany of the trails Johnson blazed into weather forecasting were particularly invaluable to the\ncitrus industry by affording advance warning to growers when the mercury was expected to drop\ninto hazardous temperature ranges. The teletype network and communications outlets to help\ngrowers keep tabs on developing weather conditions pioneered by Johnson are, for the most part,\nstill in use today.","This collection has been processed at a basic level in an effort to make this\ncollection available in the shortest amount of time. Misfiled documents and other errors\nmay be present.","The materials in this collection reflect the subject's employment with the Florida\nAgricultural Weather Service. The collection contains correspondence, reports, and reference\nmaterial created or used by the subject in his work. The collection also contains some ephemeral\nmaterial and a few photos.","The Warren O. Johnson Collection is owned by Florida Southern College. This collection\nis protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is\npermitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses\nyou need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).","Thomas B. Mack Florida Citrus Archives","Warren O. Johnson","English"],"unitid_tesim":["CIT2050","/repositories/3/resources/69"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1890s-1980s"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Warren O. Johnson Collection, 1890s-1980s"],"collection_title_tesim":["Warren O. Johnson Collection, 1890s-1980s"],"collection_ssim":["Warren O. Johnson Collection, 1890s-1980s"],"repository_ssm":["Thomas B. Mack Florida Citrus Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Thomas B. Mack Florida Citrus Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Warren O. Johnson"],"creator_ssim":["Warren O. Johnson"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Warren O. Johnson"],"creators_ssim":["Warren O. Johnson"],"access_terms_ssm":["The Warren O. Johnson Collection is owned by Florida Southern College. This collection\nis protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is\npermitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses\nyou need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Materials were donated by the subject to Thomas Mack of the Florida Citrus Archives"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Johnson, Warren O., 1906-1990","Agricultural forecasting--Florida","Frost--Florida--Forecasting","Meteorological stations--Florida","Citrus fruits--Florida--Effect of cold on","United States. Weather Bureau","Climatology--Florida","Hurricanes--Florida","Maps","Reports"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Johnson, Warren O., 1906-1990","Agricultural forecasting--Florida","Frost--Florida--Forecasting","Meteorological stations--Florida","Citrus fruits--Florida--Effect of cold on","United States. 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Collection\nrestrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the archives' ability to\nprovide access to unprocessed born digital materials."],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Warren O. Johnson was born on a farm in Benson, Minnesota, in 1906. He was\nconsidered one of the outstanding agricultural forecasters in the nation. Earning a Bachelor of\nArts degree in Science, History, and English in 1928 from Gustavious Adolphus College in St.\nPeter, Minnesota, Johnson minored in meteorology. Johnson's professors advised him to pursue a\ncareer in weather forecasting. He took that advice. He was a forecaster for forty-\ntwo years, thirty-five of which were in Florida. He was the meteorologist in charge of the\nFederal-State Agricultural Weather Service.\nFollowing a brief assignment as a U.S. Weather Bureau observer in Huron, South Dakota,\nJohnson was transferred to the bureau's headquarters in Washington, D.C. to work in the\nHurricane Forecasting Center for the Eastern United States from Maine to Florida, including the\nGulf of Mexico and the western Caribbean. While in Jacksonville, receiving advanced\nforecasting training, a forecasting and hurricane center was established there and Johnson was\nselected to assist in developing it.\nIn 1935 he transferred to Lakeland to take part in and help develop another newly-established\nweather program in the State of Florida – a joint Federal-State Agricultural Weather Service. His\nvalue to the hurricane forecasting section of the weather service and to the Federal-State\nAgricultural Weather Service resulted in him spending three years shuttling between forecasting\nhurricanes in the summer and freezes in the winter. He was called to hurricane forecasting in\n1938, but Johnson returned to Lakeland and the agricultural weather service as meteorologist in\ncharge. But his prowess as \"one of the top forecasters\" demanded his temporary duty in the\nHurricane Tracking Center, by then located in Miami. Like any other thriving and successful\nbusiness venture, the Federal-State Agricultural Weather Service expanded. It grew into a\nnetwork of eight field stations and 400 temperature survey stations, and Johnson was required to\nremain in Lakeland year-round to administer the service. His accuracy in forecasting freezes was\nestablished during those years, and he is considered one of the outstanding weather forecasters in\nthe nation. He not only earned the respect of those in the citrus industry, but of those of cousin\nagricultural industries, including vegetable and cattle.\nWhile at the agricultural weather service, Johnson was responsible for developing a widespread\ndaily broadcast of frost warning bulletins carried statewide by a radio network. \"Probably no\nindividual associated with the citrus industry was better known to growers and production\nmanagers – especially during the cold months,\" is the way Johnson was described by R.E.\nNorris. Not only was Johnson providing \"unusual accuracy\" in forecasting temperature\nminimums and duration of temperatures dangerous to citrus, he also assembled information and\ndata regarding grove protection during periods of frost and developed data regarding prospective\ngrove locations and the minimum temperatures the potential grove could expect.\nFrom 1943 through 1970, he was in charge of the Lakeland office and responsible for the\nagricultural forecasts during the winter months. Johnson developed a daily broadcast of frost\nwarning bulletins carried throughout the state by many radio stations. He established a teletype\nnetwork that was made available to growers. He administered field districts and hundreds of\ntemperature survey stations which helped depict minimum temperature characteristics of the\nstate. He also compiled data on the effects of various temperatures on the growth of citrus and\nvegetables. That data became the basis for Florida, Texas, and California programs and\nprotective measures to prevent agricultural damage.\nImpending frost of the nature that occasionally settles over the state during peak winter\nharvesting months are not as feared by citrus men today as they once were, thanks to the life's\nwork of \"Mr. Forecaster,\" Warren O. Johnson. From 1943 until his retirement, Johnson was\nassociated jointly with the Federal and State governments as the meteorologist in charge of the\nFederal-State Agricultural Weather Service. \"I think that he had a better feel for what was going\nto occur on those cold nights than the meteorologists of today, even though they must have had at\ntheir command very sophisticated technology as compared to the Johnson Days,\" wrote C.A.\nRoot, vice-president of Lykes Brothers citrus division.\nMany of the trails Johnson blazed into weather forecasting were particularly invaluable to the\ncitrus industry by affording advance warning to growers when the mercury was expected to drop\ninto hazardous temperature ranges. The teletype network and communications outlets to help\ngrowers keep tabs on developing weather conditions pioneered by Johnson are, for the most part,\nstill in use today."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection has been processed at a basic level in an effort to make this\ncollection available in the shortest amount of time. Misfiled documents and other errors\nmay be present.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["This collection has been processed at a basic level in an effort to make this\ncollection available in the shortest amount of time. Misfiled documents and other errors\nmay be present."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this collection reflect the subject's employment with the Florida\nAgricultural Weather Service. The collection contains correspondence, reports, and reference\nmaterial created or used by the subject in his work. The collection also contains some ephemeral\nmaterial and a few photos.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The materials in this collection reflect the subject's employment with the Florida\nAgricultural Weather Service. The collection contains correspondence, reports, and reference\nmaterial created or used by the subject in his work. The collection also contains some ephemeral\nmaterial and a few photos."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Warren O. Johnson Collection is owned by Florida Southern College. This collection\nis protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is\npermitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses\nyou need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Warren O. Johnson Collection is owned by Florida Southern College. This collection\nis protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is\npermitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses\nyou need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."],"names_ssim":["Thomas B. Mack Florida Citrus Archives","Warren O. Johnson"],"corpname_ssim":["Thomas B. Mack Florida Citrus Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Warren O. Johnson"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":15,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870852073375924224,"_root_":"be620515e93d7bdc8ed7eb22","timestamp":"2026-07-16T06:32:52.174Z","bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWarren O. Johnson was born on a farm in Benson, Minnesota, in 1906. He was\nconsidered one of the outstanding agricultural forecasters in the nation. Earning a Bachelor of\nArts degree in Science, History, and English in 1928 from Gustavious Adolphus College in St.\nPeter, Minnesota, Johnson minored in meteorology. Johnson's professors advised him to pursue a\ncareer in weather forecasting. He took that advice. He was a forecaster for forty-\ntwo years, thirty-five of which were in Florida. He was the meteorologist in charge of the\nFederal-State Agricultural Weather Service.\nFollowing a brief assignment as a U.S. Weather Bureau observer in Huron, South Dakota,\nJohnson was transferred to the bureau's headquarters in Washington, D.C. to work in the\nHurricane Forecasting Center for the Eastern United States from Maine to Florida, including the\nGulf of Mexico and the western Caribbean. While in Jacksonville, receiving advanced\nforecasting training, a forecasting and hurricane center was established there and Johnson was\nselected to assist in developing it.\nIn 1935 he transferred to Lakeland to take part in and help develop another newly-established\nweather program in the State of Florida \u0026#x2013; a joint Federal-State Agricultural Weather Service. His\nvalue to the hurricane forecasting section of the weather service and to the Federal-State\nAgricultural Weather Service resulted in him spending three years shuttling between forecasting\nhurricanes in the summer and freezes in the winter. He was called to hurricane forecasting in\n1938, but Johnson returned to Lakeland and the agricultural weather service as meteorologist in\ncharge. But his prowess as \"one of the top forecasters\" demanded his temporary duty in the\nHurricane Tracking Center, by then located in Miami. Like any other thriving and successful\nbusiness venture, the Federal-State Agricultural Weather Service expanded. It grew into a\nnetwork of eight field stations and 400 temperature survey stations, and Johnson was required to\nremain in Lakeland year-round to administer the service. His accuracy in forecasting freezes was\nestablished during those years, and he is considered one of the outstanding weather forecasters in\nthe nation. He not only earned the respect of those in the citrus industry, but of those of cousin\nagricultural industries, including vegetable and cattle.\nWhile at the agricultural weather service, Johnson was responsible for developing a widespread\ndaily broadcast of frost warning bulletins carried statewide by a radio network. \"Probably no\nindividual associated with the citrus industry was better known to growers and production\nmanagers \u0026#x2013; especially during the cold months,\" is the way Johnson was described by R.E.\nNorris. Not only was Johnson providing \"unusual accuracy\" in forecasting temperature\nminimums and duration of temperatures dangerous to citrus, he also assembled information and\ndata regarding grove protection during periods of frost and developed data regarding prospective\ngrove locations and the minimum temperatures the potential grove could expect.\nFrom 1943 through 1970, he was in charge of the Lakeland office and responsible for the\nagricultural forecasts during the winter months. Johnson developed a daily broadcast of frost\nwarning bulletins carried throughout the state by many radio stations. He established a teletype\nnetwork that was made available to growers. He administered field districts and hundreds of\ntemperature survey stations which helped depict minimum temperature characteristics of the\nstate. He also compiled data on the effects of various temperatures on the growth of citrus and\nvegetables. That data became the basis for Florida, Texas, and California programs and\nprotective measures to prevent agricultural damage.\nImpending frost of the nature that occasionally settles over the state during peak winter\nharvesting months are not as feared by citrus men today as they once were, thanks to the life's\nwork of \"Mr. Forecaster,\" Warren O. Johnson. From 1943 until his retirement, Johnson was\nassociated jointly with the Federal and State governments as the meteorologist in charge of the\nFederal-State Agricultural Weather Service. \"I think that he had a better feel for what was going\nto occur on those cold nights than the meteorologists of today, even though they must have had at\ntheir command very sophisticated technology as compared to the Johnson Days,\" wrote C.A.\nRoot, vice-president of Lykes Brothers citrus division.\nMany of the trails Johnson blazed into weather forecasting were particularly invaluable to the\ncitrus industry by affording advance warning to growers when the mercury was expected to drop\ninto hazardous temperature ranges. The teletype network and communications outlets to help\ngrowers keep tabs on developing weather conditions pioneered by Johnson are, for the most part,\nstill in use today.\u003c/p\u003e"]}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/be620515e93d7bdc8ed7eb22_aspace_242da659ddb87279fb0357020f3c5a11"}},{"id":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_254bea6642f7522001e82f970db6c51c","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Puerto Rico (1 of 2), 1930-1993, Undated","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_254bea6642f7522001e82f970db6c51c#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_254bea6642f7522001e82f970db6c51c","ref_ssm":["aspace_254bea6642f7522001e82f970db6c51c","aspace_254bea6642f7522001e82f970db6c51c"],"id":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_254bea6642f7522001e82f970db6c51c","title_filing_ssi":"Puerto Rico (1 of 2)","title_ssm":["Puerto Rico (1 of 2)"],"title_tesim":["Puerto Rico (1 of 2)"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1930-1993, Undated"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1930-1993, Undated"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Puerto Rico (1 of 2), 1930-1993, Undated"],"text":["Puerto Rico (1 of 2), 1930-1993, Undated","José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013","Research Files, 1898-2012, Undated","International News, 1912-2009, Undated","Folder 2","/repositories/4/archival_objects/54002","box 9","folder 2"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_e0da8a351e89d497ae16650ae623f50e","725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_9bff358be83a4cbef24ed688963aab7c"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013","Research Files, 1898-2012, Undated","International News, 1912-2009, Undated"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013","Research Files, 1898-2012, Undated","International News, 1912-2009, Undated"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Subseries"],"unitid_ssm":["Folder 2","/repositories/4/archival_objects/54002"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":124,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The entire collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder."],"date_range_isim":[1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993],"containers_ssim":["box 9","folder 2"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#18/components#6","_nest_parent_":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_9bff358be83a4cbef24ed688963aab7c","_root_":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","_version_":1870857755411087360,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:03:10.972Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","title_ssm":["José Guerra Alemán Collection"],"title_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection"],"ead_ssi":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","unitdate_ssm":["1887-2013"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1887-2013"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC.098","/repositories/4/resources/204"],"text":["SC.098","/repositories/4/resources/204","José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013","Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs","Cuba -- History -- Description and Travel","Cuba -- History -- Pictorial works","correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","The entire collection is open for research.","José Guerra Alemán was born to José Guerra and Herminia Alemán-Valdes on November 20, 1922 in Cuba. He referred to alternative names such as José Guerra Alemán, his initials J.G.A. and his nickname Pepín. Many of his closest friends and family called him as Pepín. His family contained of six members that included his three siblings, Maria Vicenta Guerra, Rafael Luis Guerra, and an eldest brother who his name is unknown. His brother, Rafael L. Guerra was born on November 20, 1926 in Habana, Cuba and died on October 2, 1998 in Miami, Florida. His sister, Maria, was born on June 19, 1924 in Habana, Cuba. A year after her brother's death, she died on February 27, 1999 in Miami, Florida. In her later years, she was a homemaker and she never married.","In his early years, he enrolled in the United States military at the age of 20 in 1942. He participated in the 8th Army (Octavo Ejército) of EE.UU. (United States). He covered the campaign of the Pacific as the 35th Division of Infantry (35 División de Infantería) called División Relámpago (Lightning Division). He finished training in the military at Fort Dix, Burlington County, New Jersey in the Delaware River region on October of 1946.","Once he finished his service, he returned to Cuba and founded a company called CINEPERIODICO in 1947. His motivation of starting this company began from his interest in journalism. At the age of 16, he delved into both journalism and short films/news films. He was one of the editors of Él País, La Habana. These experiences guided him to globally make notorious documentaries and cinematography of actual events and issues. He traveled around the globe. For instance, he registered for a temporary immigration card to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1959 as a journalist. As a result for his traveling, he encountered prominent leaders of various movements.","One of those encounters, José Guerra Alemán climbed the Mountains of Sierra Maestra, in the province of East of the Island of Cuba to interview Fidel Castro and Che Guevara. Under the agency of his company, CINEPERIODICO, he personally knew these men and those who were a part of the guerillas during the Cuban Revolution. In 1950, he worked with José García and Eduardo Hernández (Guayo) in the same company. José Guerra Alemán directed films such as Sangre Y Esperanza: La Cuba de Hoy (Blood and Hope: the Cuba of Today and El Gran Recuento (The Great Story). He also took the position as the Senior Vice President of Guastella Film Producers Inc., an advertising firm in Puerto Rico, where he did similar works until he retired in 1990. This included the creation of historical documentary films.","With his interest in Cuba's history and living at a time of historical changes in Cuba, he wrote extensive materials along those themes. He wrote Aún Hay Luna En Los Cerros, Ensayos (Las Mayorías Discriminadas): En Defensa de la Mujer, Barro y Cenizas (Díalogos con Fidel Castro y el Che Guevara), and Juro Pero No Prometo (Biografía de su Abuelo el General José Braulio Alemán). His major work composes four volumes of encyclopedias called Cuba Infinita. Each book contains specific chronological decades and starts from 1855, when the first photographs of the city were available by American artist Fredericks De Forest, to 1958, when the Republic collapsed. The volumes includes more than a thousand selected photos of the history of Cuba, from colonial times to the Spanish American War. The reader walks through time and gets to see the transformation of Cuba. He included photographs received by family, friends, colleagues and what he collected from his travels. He also was inspired and guided from the work called La Enciclopedia de Cuba.","Understanding where his family came from and knowing the other members of his family tree can provide a part of José Guerra Alemán's identity. Jose Guerra Alemán's maternal bloodline had a huge role in the movement toward Cuba's independence against colonialism and imperialism. His grandfather named José Braulio Guerra Alemán fought in the Spanish-American War as a Cuban Brigadier General and was the principal author to the Constitution of Cuba proclaimed at Yara in 1896. He worked as a lawyer, newspaper owner, advocate of the liberation of Cuba, senator and governor for the province of Las Villas, minister of Education and ambassador to Mexico. His half uncle, José Manuel Alemán, served in the Cuban government as Minister of Education during the presidency of Dr. Ramón Grau San Martin, president of the Authentic Party (Partido Auténtico) in La Habana, and Senator of the Republic. His family went through three generations of leaders and fighters for Cuban independence through revolutions or preserving its history and culture.","He rested on February 22, 2013 in Miami, Florida. He survived his wife named Lidia Llano who he married on September 22, 1945 and left a son named Carlos Guerra Llano. He left a mark of what he had done, significant work in Cuba's history. However, he has not been given as much attention as he deserves in any setting, especially in academia. It is the many aspects of unknown history and researching the people from below like Alemán. He was a Cuban, veteran, journalist, nontraditional historian, and founder of a journalist business.","Materials are housed in acid free folders and boxes; photographs and negatives were placed in clear sleeves; publications removed from the collection and cataloged separately.","Books collected by José Guerra Alemán can be found by performing a series search for \"José Guerra Alemán Collection\" in the UCF Libraries catalog.","This collection was arranged in seven series:","\nSeries I. Manuscripts, 1915-2013, Undated, includes notes that Alemán took on varieties of subjects. His interests ranged from the origin of words and meaning of phrases to his summaries and interpretations of authors' works.","\nSeries II: Research Files, 1898-2012, Undated, holds a combination of newspapers, images, and works of others where Alemán used for the publication of Cuba Infinita and his work on Cuban and Latin American history, involving their relations to other countries.","\nSeries III: Publications, 1987-2008, Undated, contains his writings that has drafts of his published work, his articles from newspapers, and promotional materials advertising his works.","\nSeries IV: Personal Files, 1887-2011, Undated, provides letters between Aleman and his family members and between Aleman and business workers. They share insight of Aleman's genealogy and Aleman's work ethic. Series also includes various maps and postcards. ","\nSeries V: Visual Materials, Circa 1900-Circa 2000, Undated, includes photographs and negatives of José G. Alemán and his relatives; overseas trips as a Journalist; and images of Cuba, cubans, and public buildings. Series also includes a CD of \"Fidel Castro: La Historia Lo Absolvera\" and another CD contains a song from Marisela Verena \"Mi Pinar del Rio\".","\nSeries VI: Memorabilia, 1926-1977, Undated, comprises hats from different places that Aleman travelled, identification cards, and a lottery ticket from Republic of Cuba, 1949.","\nSeries VII: Oversize Materials, 1958-2008, Undated, includes large maps of various countries, posters, a proof sheet for Cuba Infinita, and a game card \"La Charada Cubana.\"","Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder.","The collection is filled with Cuban history and researched materials on society's past was created by Cuban and American journalist José Guerra Alemán. The materials range from photographs of his travels to cultural sites and countries to personal notes on literature of other scholars' works and his published books. He is most notable of his published four-volume encyclopedia on Cuban history called Cuba Infinita.","UCF Special Collections","Guerra Alemán, José","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC.098","/repositories/4/resources/204"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1887-2013"],"normalized_title_ssm":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"collection_title_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"collection_ssim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs"],"geogname_ssim":["Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs"],"creator_ssm":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"creator_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"creators_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"places_ssim":["Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated by Carlos Guerra, José Guerra Alemán's son, to the University of Central Florida Libraries in 2014. (CFM2014_07)"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Cuba -- History -- Description and Travel","Cuba -- History -- Pictorial works","correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Cuba -- History -- Description and Travel","Cuba -- History -- Pictorial works","correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["17.5 Linear Feet 20 boxes, 1 Flat File"],"extent_tesim":["17.5 Linear Feet 20 boxes, 1 Flat File"],"genreform_ssim":["correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints"],"date_range_isim":[1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n was born to Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra and Herminia Alem\u0026#xE1;n-Valdes on November 20, 1922 in Cuba. He referred to alternative names such as Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n, his initials J.G.A. and his nickname Pep\u0026#xED;n. Many of his closest friends and family called him as Pep\u0026#xED;n. His family contained of six members that included his three siblings, Maria Vicenta Guerra, Rafael Luis Guerra, and an eldest brother who his name is unknown. His brother, Rafael L. Guerra was born on November 20, 1926 in Habana, Cuba and died on October 2, 1998 in Miami, Florida. His sister, Maria, was born on June 19, 1924 in Habana, Cuba. A year after her brother's death, she died on February 27, 1999 in Miami, Florida. In her later years, she was a homemaker and she never married.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn his early years, he enrolled in the United States military at the age of 20 in 1942. He participated in the 8th Army (Octavo Ej\u0026#xE9;rcito) of EE.UU. (United States). He covered the campaign of the Pacific as the 35th Division of Infantry (35 Divisi\u0026#xF3;n de Infanter\u0026#xED;a) called Divisi\u0026#xF3;n Rel\u0026#xE1;mpago (Lightning Division). He finished training in the military at Fort Dix, Burlington County, New Jersey in the Delaware River region on October of 1946.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOnce he finished his service, he returned to Cuba and founded a company called CINEPERIODICO in 1947. His motivation of starting this company began from his interest in journalism. At the age of 16, he delved into both journalism and short films/news films. He was one of the editors of \u0026#xC9;l Pa\u0026#xED;s, La Habana. These experiences guided him to globally make notorious documentaries and cinematography of actual events and issues. He traveled around the globe. For instance, he registered for a temporary immigration card to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1959 as a journalist. As a result for his traveling, he encountered prominent leaders of various movements.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOne of those encounters, Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n climbed the Mountains of Sierra Maestra, in the province of East of the Island of Cuba to interview Fidel Castro and Che Guevara. Under the agency of his company, CINEPERIODICO, he personally knew these men and those who were a part of the guerillas during the Cuban Revolution. In 1950, he worked with Jos\u0026#xE9; Garc\u0026#xED;a and Eduardo Hern\u0026#xE1;ndez (Guayo) in the same company. Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n directed films such as Sangre Y Esperanza: La Cuba de Hoy (Blood and Hope: the Cuba of Today and El Gran Recuento (The Great Story). He also took the position as the Senior Vice President of Guastella Film Producers Inc., an advertising firm in Puerto Rico, where he did similar works until he retired in 1990. This included the creation of historical documentary films.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWith his interest in Cuba's history and living at a time of historical changes in Cuba, he wrote extensive materials along those themes. He wrote A\u0026#xFA;n Hay Luna En Los Cerros, Ensayos (Las Mayor\u0026#xED;as Discriminadas): En Defensa de la Mujer, Barro y Cenizas (D\u0026#xED;alogos con Fidel Castro y el Che Guevara), and Juro Pero No Prometo (Biograf\u0026#xED;a de su Abuelo el General Jos\u0026#xE9; Braulio Alem\u0026#xE1;n). His major work composes four volumes of encyclopedias called Cuba Infinita. Each book contains specific chronological decades and starts from 1855, when the first photographs of the city were available by American artist Fredericks De Forest, to 1958, when the Republic collapsed. The volumes includes more than a thousand selected photos of the history of Cuba, from colonial times to the Spanish American War. The reader walks through time and gets to see the transformation of Cuba. He included photographs received by family, friends, colleagues and what he collected from his travels. He also was inspired and guided from the work called La Enciclopedia de Cuba.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUnderstanding where his family came from and knowing the other members of his family tree can provide a part of Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n's identity. Jose Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n's maternal bloodline had a huge role in the movement toward Cuba's independence against colonialism and imperialism. His grandfather named Jos\u0026#xE9; Braulio Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n fought in the Spanish-American War as a Cuban Brigadier General and was the principal author to the Constitution of Cuba proclaimed at Yara in 1896. He worked as a lawyer, newspaper owner, advocate of the liberation of Cuba, senator and governor for the province of Las Villas, minister of Education and ambassador to Mexico. His half uncle, Jos\u0026#xE9; Manuel Alem\u0026#xE1;n, served in the Cuban government as Minister of Education during the presidency of Dr. Ram\u0026#xF3;n Grau San Martin, president of the Authentic Party (Partido Aut\u0026#xE9;ntico) in La Habana, and Senator of the Republic. His family went through three generations of leaders and fighters for Cuban independence through revolutions or preserving its history and culture.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe rested on February 22, 2013 in Miami, Florida. He survived his wife named Lidia Llano who he married on September 22, 1945 and left a son named Carlos Guerra Llano. He left a mark of what he had done, significant work in Cuba's history. However, he has not been given as much attention as he deserves in any setting, especially in academia. It is the many aspects of unknown history and researching the people from below like Alem\u0026#xE1;n. He was a Cuban, veteran, journalist, nontraditional historian, and founder of a journalist business.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán was born to José Guerra and Herminia Alemán-Valdes on November 20, 1922 in Cuba. He referred to alternative names such as José Guerra Alemán, his initials J.G.A. and his nickname Pepín. Many of his closest friends and family called him as Pepín. His family contained of six members that included his three siblings, Maria Vicenta Guerra, Rafael Luis Guerra, and an eldest brother who his name is unknown. His brother, Rafael L. Guerra was born on November 20, 1926 in Habana, Cuba and died on October 2, 1998 in Miami, Florida. His sister, Maria, was born on June 19, 1924 in Habana, Cuba. A year after her brother's death, she died on February 27, 1999 in Miami, Florida. In her later years, she was a homemaker and she never married.","In his early years, he enrolled in the United States military at the age of 20 in 1942. He participated in the 8th Army (Octavo Ejército) of EE.UU. (United States). He covered the campaign of the Pacific as the 35th Division of Infantry (35 División de Infantería) called División Relámpago (Lightning Division). He finished training in the military at Fort Dix, Burlington County, New Jersey in the Delaware River region on October of 1946.","Once he finished his service, he returned to Cuba and founded a company called CINEPERIODICO in 1947. His motivation of starting this company began from his interest in journalism. At the age of 16, he delved into both journalism and short films/news films. He was one of the editors of Él País, La Habana. These experiences guided him to globally make notorious documentaries and cinematography of actual events and issues. He traveled around the globe. For instance, he registered for a temporary immigration card to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1959 as a journalist. As a result for his traveling, he encountered prominent leaders of various movements.","One of those encounters, José Guerra Alemán climbed the Mountains of Sierra Maestra, in the province of East of the Island of Cuba to interview Fidel Castro and Che Guevara. Under the agency of his company, CINEPERIODICO, he personally knew these men and those who were a part of the guerillas during the Cuban Revolution. In 1950, he worked with José García and Eduardo Hernández (Guayo) in the same company. José Guerra Alemán directed films such as Sangre Y Esperanza: La Cuba de Hoy (Blood and Hope: the Cuba of Today and El Gran Recuento (The Great Story). He also took the position as the Senior Vice President of Guastella Film Producers Inc., an advertising firm in Puerto Rico, where he did similar works until he retired in 1990. This included the creation of historical documentary films.","With his interest in Cuba's history and living at a time of historical changes in Cuba, he wrote extensive materials along those themes. He wrote Aún Hay Luna En Los Cerros, Ensayos (Las Mayorías Discriminadas): En Defensa de la Mujer, Barro y Cenizas (Díalogos con Fidel Castro y el Che Guevara), and Juro Pero No Prometo (Biografía de su Abuelo el General José Braulio Alemán). His major work composes four volumes of encyclopedias called Cuba Infinita. Each book contains specific chronological decades and starts from 1855, when the first photographs of the city were available by American artist Fredericks De Forest, to 1958, when the Republic collapsed. The volumes includes more than a thousand selected photos of the history of Cuba, from colonial times to the Spanish American War. The reader walks through time and gets to see the transformation of Cuba. He included photographs received by family, friends, colleagues and what he collected from his travels. He also was inspired and guided from the work called La Enciclopedia de Cuba.","Understanding where his family came from and knowing the other members of his family tree can provide a part of José Guerra Alemán's identity. Jose Guerra Alemán's maternal bloodline had a huge role in the movement toward Cuba's independence against colonialism and imperialism. His grandfather named José Braulio Guerra Alemán fought in the Spanish-American War as a Cuban Brigadier General and was the principal author to the Constitution of Cuba proclaimed at Yara in 1896. He worked as a lawyer, newspaper owner, advocate of the liberation of Cuba, senator and governor for the province of Las Villas, minister of Education and ambassador to Mexico. His half uncle, José Manuel Alemán, served in the Cuban government as Minister of Education during the presidency of Dr. Ramón Grau San Martin, president of the Authentic Party (Partido Auténtico) in La Habana, and Senator of the Republic. His family went through three generations of leaders and fighters for Cuban independence through revolutions or preserving its history and culture.","He rested on February 22, 2013 in Miami, Florida. He survived his wife named Lidia Llano who he married on September 22, 1945 and left a son named Carlos Guerra Llano. He left a mark of what he had done, significant work in Cuba's history. However, he has not been given as much attention as he deserves in any setting, especially in academia. It is the many aspects of unknown history and researching the people from below like Alemán. He was a Cuban, veteran, journalist, nontraditional historian, and founder of a journalist business."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n Collection, Special Collections and UniversityArchives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, Special Collections and UniversityArchives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials are housed in acid free folders and boxes; photographs and negatives were placed in clear sleeves; publications removed from the collection and cataloged separately.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Materials are housed in acid free folders and boxes; photographs and negatives were placed in clear sleeves; publications removed from the collection and cataloged separately."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBooks collected by Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n can be found by performing a series search for \"Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n Collection\" in the UCF Libraries catalog.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Books collected by José Guerra Alemán can be found by performing a series search for \"José Guerra Alemán Collection\" in the UCF Libraries catalog."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection was arranged in seven series:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries I. Manuscripts, 1915-2013, Undated, includes notes that Alem\u0026#xE1;n took on varieties of subjects. His interests ranged from the origin of words and meaning of phrases to his summaries and interpretations of authors' works.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries II: Research Files, 1898-2012, Undated, holds a combination of newspapers, images, and works of others where Alem\u0026#xE1;n used for the publication of Cuba Infinita and his work on Cuban and Latin American history, involving their relations to other countries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries III: Publications, 1987-2008, Undated, contains his writings that has drafts of his published work, his articles from newspapers, and promotional materials advertising his works.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries IV: Personal Files, 1887-2011, Undated, provides letters between Aleman and his family members and between Aleman and business workers. They share insight of Aleman's genealogy and Aleman's work ethic. Series also includes various maps and postcards. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries V: Visual Materials, Circa 1900-Circa 2000, Undated, includes photographs and negatives of Jos\u0026#xE9; G. Alem\u0026#xE1;n and his relatives; overseas trips as a Journalist; and images of Cuba, cubans, and public buildings. Series also includes a CD of \"Fidel Castro: La Historia Lo Absolvera\" and another CD contains a song from Marisela Verena \"Mi Pinar del Rio\".\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VI: Memorabilia, 1926-1977, Undated, comprises hats from different places that Aleman travelled, identification cards, and a lottery ticket from Republic of Cuba, 1949.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VII: Oversize Materials, 1958-2008, Undated, includes large maps of various countries, posters, a proof sheet for Cuba Infinita, and a game card \"La Charada Cubana.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection was arranged in seven series:","\nSeries I. Manuscripts, 1915-2013, Undated, includes notes that Alemán took on varieties of subjects. His interests ranged from the origin of words and meaning of phrases to his summaries and interpretations of authors' works.","\nSeries II: Research Files, 1898-2012, Undated, holds a combination of newspapers, images, and works of others where Alemán used for the publication of Cuba Infinita and his work on Cuban and Latin American history, involving their relations to other countries.","\nSeries III: Publications, 1987-2008, Undated, contains his writings that has drafts of his published work, his articles from newspapers, and promotional materials advertising his works.","\nSeries IV: Personal Files, 1887-2011, Undated, provides letters between Aleman and his family members and between Aleman and business workers. They share insight of Aleman's genealogy and Aleman's work ethic. Series also includes various maps and postcards. ","\nSeries V: Visual Materials, Circa 1900-Circa 2000, Undated, includes photographs and negatives of José G. Alemán and his relatives; overseas trips as a Journalist; and images of Cuba, cubans, and public buildings. Series also includes a CD of \"Fidel Castro: La Historia Lo Absolvera\" and another CD contains a song from Marisela Verena \"Mi Pinar del Rio\".","\nSeries VI: Memorabilia, 1926-1977, Undated, comprises hats from different places that Aleman travelled, identification cards, and a lottery ticket from Republic of Cuba, 1949.","\nSeries VII: Oversize Materials, 1958-2008, Undated, includes large maps of various countries, posters, a proof sheet for Cuba Infinita, and a game card \"La Charada Cubana.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e4d41ff341ce7470c0d40282c3f71dd8\"\u003eThe collection is filled with Cuban history and researched materials on society's past was created by Cuban and American journalist Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n. The materials range from photographs of his travels to cultural sites and countries to personal notes on literature of other scholars' works and his published books. He is most notable of his published four-volume encyclopedia on Cuban history called Cuba Infinita.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection is filled with Cuban history and researched materials on society's past was created by Cuban and American journalist José Guerra Alemán. The materials range from photographs of his travels to cultural sites and countries to personal notes on literature of other scholars' works and his published books. He is most notable of his published four-volume encyclopedia on Cuban history called Cuba Infinita."],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Guerra Alemán, José"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":282,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870857755411087360,"_root_":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:03:10.972Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_254bea6642f7522001e82f970db6c51c"}},{"id":"5e441c26c224fc2443904339_aspace_3a0a2f6adb67914a166add72b81944d1","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, 1961-1981","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/5e441c26c224fc2443904339_aspace_3a0a2f6adb67914a166add72b81944d1#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_3a0a2f6adb67914a166add72b81944d1","ref_ssm":["aspace_3a0a2f6adb67914a166add72b81944d1","aspace_3a0a2f6adb67914a166add72b81944d1"],"id":"5e441c26c224fc2443904339_aspace_3a0a2f6adb67914a166add72b81944d1","title_filing_ssi":"Puget Sound Naval Shipyard","title_ssm":["Puget Sound Naval Shipyard"],"title_tesim":["Puget Sound Naval Shipyard"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1961-1981"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1961-1981"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, 1961-1981"],"text":["Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, 1961-1981","Maks Dikarev Naval Cover Collection, 1927-1941, 1954-1982","Box 1","Cold War","Naval Base","/repositories/2/archival_objects/75747","box 1","folder 86","The cachets under this heading depict the following vessels: USS Scamp (SSN-588); USS Seadragon (SSN-584); USS Theodore Roosevelt (SSBN-600); USS Abraham Lincoln (SSBN-602)"],"component_level_isim":[4],"parent_ids_ssim":["5e441c26c224fc2443904339","5e441c26c224fc2443904339_aspace_bfbcc03b00690a4ddba2a32d2be2a6b9","5e441c26c224fc2443904339_aspace_a4f974841d4716dac467aa617b329b3d","5e441c26c224fc2443904339_aspace_f7da47cbe3d41e328f50e29753cdd871"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Maks Dikarev Naval Cover Collection, 1927-1941, 1954-1982","Box 1","Cold War","Naval Base"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Maks Dikarev Naval Cover Collection, 1927-1941, 1954-1982","Box 1","Cold War","Naval Base"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Other level","Series","Subseries"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/2/archival_objects/75747"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Maks Dikarev Naval Cover Collection, 1927-1941, 1954-1982"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":108,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The Maks Dikarev Naval Cover Collection is owned by Florida International University.  This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"date_range_isim":[1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981],"containers_ssim":["box 1","folder 86"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe cachets under this heading depict the following vessels: USS Scamp (SSN-588); USS Seadragon (SSN-584); USS Theodore Roosevelt (SSBN-600); USS Abraham Lincoln (SSBN-602)\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["The cachets under this heading depict the following vessels: USS Scamp (SSN-588); USS Seadragon (SSN-584); USS Theodore Roosevelt (SSBN-600); USS Abraham Lincoln (SSBN-602)"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#1/components#1/components#12","_nest_parent_":"5e441c26c224fc2443904339_aspace_f7da47cbe3d41e328f50e29753cdd871","_root_":"5e441c26c224fc2443904339","_version_":1870844426508566528,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T04:31:19.551Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"5e441c26c224fc2443904339","title_ssm":["Maks Dikarev Naval Cover Collection"],"title_tesim":["Maks Dikarev Naval Cover Collection"],"ead_ssi":"5e441c26c224fc2443904339","unitdate_ssm":["1927-1941","1954-1982"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1927-1941","1954-1982"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SPC9050","/repositories/2/resources/108"],"text":["SPC9050","/repositories/2/resources/108","Maks Dikarev Naval Cover Collection, 1927-1941, 1954-1982","Naval battles in art","Cold War","Naval History","Navy yards and naval stations","Communications, Military","United States. Navy-- Records and correspondence","Modern naval history","Warships","China--Sino-Japanese Conflict, 1931-1933","China--Sino-Japanese War, 1937-1945","Nuclear submarines","Mail art","This collection is open for research.","The materials in this collection are arranged in the following series' and sub-series:","Series:\nU.S. Asiatic Fleet","\nSub-series: \n    \t\t\tAircraft Carrier\n                Battleship\n                Collier\n                Cruiser\n                Destroyer\n                Destroyer Tender\t\n                Freighter\n                Gunboat\n                Minesweeper\n                Patrol Yacht\n                Seaplane Tender\n                Submarine\n                Submarine Rescue Vessel\n                Submarine Tender\n                Tug\n                Shore Base\n                Photographs\nCold War","\nSub-series:\n    \t\t\tHeavy Cruiser\n    \t\t\tNaval Base\n                Other Locations\n                Replenishment Oiler\n                Sub Tender","This collection consists of naval covers created during the interwar period of the 1920s and 1930s, as well as the Cold War period of the early 1950s through the early 1980s. ","According to the Naval Cover Museum, \"a naval cover is any envelope, postcard, or other postal medium that is mailed from or somehow related to a navy ship, location, or event. Beginning in 1908, post offices were established on board U.S. Navy ships and each ship had one or more postmarks to \"cancel\" the stamps used on the cover. The postmark, or cancellation, would usually have the ship's name and the date that the cover was cancelled.\" Additionally, \"starting in the 1930's, covers with printed designs, called cachets, began appearing and established a large following. Many different cachets were designed and sent to various ships to be cancelled and mailed. Some cachets were designed for a specific ship while others were generic (perhaps for a holiday or commemorating an historical event) and sent to many different ships.\" While the use of cachets diminished during the Second World War, they were revived at its conclusion and are still in use to this day. ","The focus of the interwar covers in this collection is of the U.S. Asiatic Fleet, which was responsible for protecting and advancing U.S. interests in the western Pacific area and China. This was also a period of conflict between the Republic of China and Imperial Japan, and incidents such as the Japanese attack on the USS Panay in 1937 are commemorated in the artwork on the covers. Many of the ships represented in this collection went on to serve valiantly in the Second World War. Several were subsequently lost to enemy action. The second half of the collection focuses on the fleet of United States' first and second generation of nuclear-powered submarines in service from the 1950s through the 1970s, including the USS Nautilus. Attack submarines and ballistic missile submarines are represented, with covers and postmarks from important submarine shipyards and naval bases.","The materials represent two time periods: The late 1920s through the beginning of the Second World War, and the early Cold War period of the 1950s through the 1970s. The former consists of naval covers from ships assigned to the U.S. Asiatic Fleet. While the ships may have served with other fleets and stations over their service lives, only their time in this specific fleet is represented here. The latter portion of the collection represents communications to or from shipyards and submarine bases. While some communication is directed to or from a specific boat (the proper term for a submarine), the cachet on the cover is the focus of the collection. ","As I was conducting research for this collection, I noticed that some ships were built for one particular purpose, yet at the time of the creation of the collection item, their role (and perhaps name) had changed. The collection will reflect the name and role of the ship at the time these items were created. Additionally, hull number will be included, as in some cases multiple ships have carried the same name (i.e. Enterprise). ","The Maks Dikarev Naval Cover Collection is owned by Florida International University.  This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general","FIU Special Collections","Maksimilian Dikarev","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SPC9050","/repositories/2/resources/108"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1927-1941, 1954-1982"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Maks Dikarev Naval Cover Collection, 1927-1941, 1954-1982"],"collection_title_tesim":["Maks Dikarev Naval Cover Collection, 1927-1941, 1954-1982"],"collection_ssim":["Maks Dikarev Naval Cover Collection, 1927-1941, 1954-1982"],"repository_ssm":["FIU Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Naval battles in art","Cold War"],"geogname_ssim":["Naval battles in art","Cold War"],"creator_ssm":["Maksimilian Dikarev"],"creator_ssim":["Maksimilian Dikarev"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Maksimilian Dikarev"],"creators_ssim":["Maksimilian Dikarev"],"places_ssim":["Naval battles in art","Cold War"],"access_terms_ssm":["The Maks Dikarev Naval Cover Collection is owned by Florida International University.  This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Materials were donated by Maksimilian Dikarev."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Naval History","Navy yards and naval stations","Communications, Military","United States. Navy-- Records and correspondence","Modern naval history","Warships","China--Sino-Japanese Conflict, 1931-1933","China--Sino-Japanese War, 1937-1945","Nuclear submarines","Mail art"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Naval History","Navy yards and naval stations","Communications, Military","United States. Navy-- Records and correspondence","Modern naval history","Warships","China--Sino-Japanese Conflict, 1931-1933","China--Sino-Japanese War, 1937-1945","Nuclear submarines","Mail art"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.5 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["1.5 Linear Feet"],"physfacet_tesim":["1 Banker box and 1 5\" Legal size document case. "],"date_range_isim":[1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this collection are arranged in the following series' and sub-series:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries:\nU.S. Asiatic Fleet\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSub-series: \n    \t\t\tAircraft Carrier\n                Battleship\n                Collier\n                Cruiser\n                Destroyer\n                Destroyer Tender\t\n                Freighter\n                Gunboat\n                Minesweeper\n                Patrol Yacht\n                Seaplane Tender\n                Submarine\n                Submarine Rescue Vessel\n                Submarine Tender\n                Tug\n                Shore Base\n                Photographs\nCold War\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSub-series:\n    \t\t\tHeavy Cruiser\n    \t\t\tNaval Base\n                Other Locations\n                Replenishment Oiler\n                Sub Tender\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The materials in this collection are arranged in the following series' and sub-series:","Series:\nU.S. Asiatic Fleet","\nSub-series: \n    \t\t\tAircraft Carrier\n                Battleship\n                Collier\n                Cruiser\n                Destroyer\n                Destroyer Tender\t\n                Freighter\n                Gunboat\n                Minesweeper\n                Patrol Yacht\n                Seaplane Tender\n                Submarine\n                Submarine Rescue Vessel\n                Submarine Tender\n                Tug\n                Shore Base\n                Photographs\nCold War","\nSub-series:\n    \t\t\tHeavy Cruiser\n    \t\t\tNaval Base\n                Other Locations\n                Replenishment Oiler\n                Sub Tender"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of naval covers created during the interwar period of the 1920s and 1930s, as well as the Cold War period of the early 1950s through the early 1980s. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAccording to the Naval Cover Museum, \"a naval cover is any envelope, postcard, or other postal medium that is mailed from or somehow related to a navy ship, location, or event. Beginning in 1908, post offices were established on board U.S. Navy ships and each ship had one or more postmarks to \"cancel\" the stamps used on the cover. The postmark, or cancellation, would usually have the ship's name and the date that the cover was cancelled.\" Additionally, \"starting in the 1930's, covers with printed designs, called cachets, began appearing and established a large following. Many different cachets were designed and sent to various ships to be cancelled and mailed. Some cachets were designed for a specific ship while others were generic (perhaps for a holiday or commemorating an historical event) and sent to many different ships.\" While the use of cachets diminished during the Second World War, they were revived at its conclusion and are still in use to this day. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe focus of the interwar covers in this collection is of the U.S. Asiatic Fleet, which was responsible for protecting and advancing U.S. interests in the western Pacific area and China. This was also a period of conflict between the Republic of China and Imperial Japan, and incidents such as the Japanese attack on the USS Panay in 1937 are commemorated in the artwork on the covers. Many of the ships represented in this collection went on to serve valiantly in the Second World War. Several were subsequently lost to enemy action. The second half of the collection focuses on the fleet of United States' first and second generation of nuclear-powered submarines in service from the 1950s through the 1970s, including the USS Nautilus. Attack submarines and ballistic missile submarines are represented, with covers and postmarks from important submarine shipyards and naval bases.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["This collection consists of naval covers created during the interwar period of the 1920s and 1930s, as well as the Cold War period of the early 1950s through the early 1980s. ","According to the Naval Cover Museum, \"a naval cover is any envelope, postcard, or other postal medium that is mailed from or somehow related to a navy ship, location, or event. Beginning in 1908, post offices were established on board U.S. Navy ships and each ship had one or more postmarks to \"cancel\" the stamps used on the cover. The postmark, or cancellation, would usually have the ship's name and the date that the cover was cancelled.\" Additionally, \"starting in the 1930's, covers with printed designs, called cachets, began appearing and established a large following. Many different cachets were designed and sent to various ships to be cancelled and mailed. Some cachets were designed for a specific ship while others were generic (perhaps for a holiday or commemorating an historical event) and sent to many different ships.\" While the use of cachets diminished during the Second World War, they were revived at its conclusion and are still in use to this day. ","The focus of the interwar covers in this collection is of the U.S. Asiatic Fleet, which was responsible for protecting and advancing U.S. interests in the western Pacific area and China. This was also a period of conflict between the Republic of China and Imperial Japan, and incidents such as the Japanese attack on the USS Panay in 1937 are commemorated in the artwork on the covers. Many of the ships represented in this collection went on to serve valiantly in the Second World War. Several were subsequently lost to enemy action. The second half of the collection focuses on the fleet of United States' first and second generation of nuclear-powered submarines in service from the 1950s through the 1970s, including the USS Nautilus. Attack submarines and ballistic missile submarines are represented, with covers and postmarks from important submarine shipyards and naval bases."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials represent two time periods: The late 1920s through the beginning of the Second World War, and the early Cold War period of the 1950s through the 1970s. The former consists of naval covers from ships assigned to the U.S. Asiatic Fleet. While the ships may have served with other fleets and stations over their service lives, only their time in this specific fleet is represented here. The latter portion of the collection represents communications to or from shipyards and submarine bases. While some communication is directed to or from a specific boat (the proper term for a submarine), the cachet on the cover is the focus of the collection. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAs I was conducting research for this collection, I noticed that some ships were built for one particular purpose, yet at the time of the creation of the collection item, their role (and perhaps name) had changed. The collection will reflect the name and role of the ship at the time these items were created. Additionally, hull number will be included, as in some cases multiple ships have carried the same name (i.e. Enterprise). \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The materials represent two time periods: The late 1920s through the beginning of the Second World War, and the early Cold War period of the 1950s through the 1970s. The former consists of naval covers from ships assigned to the U.S. Asiatic Fleet. While the ships may have served with other fleets and stations over their service lives, only their time in this specific fleet is represented here. The latter portion of the collection represents communications to or from shipyards and submarine bases. While some communication is directed to or from a specific boat (the proper term for a submarine), the cachet on the cover is the focus of the collection. ","As I was conducting research for this collection, I noticed that some ships were built for one particular purpose, yet at the time of the creation of the collection item, their role (and perhaps name) had changed. The collection will reflect the name and role of the ship at the time these items were created. Additionally, hull number will be included, as in some cases multiple ships have carried the same name (i.e. Enterprise). "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Maks Dikarev Naval Cover Collection is owned by Florida International University.  This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Maks Dikarev Naval Cover Collection is owned by Florida International University.  This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"names_ssim":["FIU Special Collections","Maksimilian Dikarev"],"corpname_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Maksimilian Dikarev"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":122,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870844426508566528,"_root_":"5e441c26c224fc2443904339","timestamp":"2026-07-16T04:31:19.551Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/5e441c26c224fc2443904339_aspace_3a0a2f6adb67914a166add72b81944d1"}},{"id":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_52666","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Pyramidalis, 1963-1979","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_52666#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_52666","ref_ssm":["aspace_52666","aspace_52666"],"id":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_52666","title_filing_ssi":"Pyramidalis","title_ssm":["Pyramidalis"],"title_tesim":["Pyramidalis"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1963-1979"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1963-1979"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Pyramidalis, 1963-1979"],"text":["Pyramidalis, 1963-1979","Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014","Subject Files, 1880-2003.","Billbergia, 1940-1979","Folder 3","/repositories/4/archival_objects/32291","box 42","folder 3"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_52621","4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_52663"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014","Subject Files, 1880-2003.","Billbergia, 1940-1979"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014","Subject Files, 1880-2003.","Billbergia, 1940-1979"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Subseries"],"unitid_ssm":["Folder 3","/repositories/4/archival_objects/32291"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":1267,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The entire collection is open for research except for the following:\n\n  Boxes 180-181: Personal correspondence\n  Boxes 213-214: Manuscript of \"Brazil: Orchid of the Tropics\"\n"],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder."],"date_range_isim":[1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979],"containers_ssim":["box 42","folder 3"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#14/components#1","_nest_parent_":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_52663","_root_":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","timestamp":"2026-07-11T02:53:59.490Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","title_ssm":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection"],"title_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection"],"ead_ssi":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","unitdate_ssm":["1754-2014"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1754-2014"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 068","/repositories/4/resources/148"],"text":["SC 068","/repositories/4/resources/148","Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014","Marineland (Fla.)","Botany","Botany -- Brazil","Bromeliaceae","Bromelin","Cooking (Pineapples)","Pineapple","Plant hybridization","botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)","The entire collection is open for research except for the following:\n Boxes 180-181: Personal correspondence Boxes 213-214: Manuscript of \"Brazil: Orchid of the Tropics\"","The collection is divided into eight series by type of file.","Michael A. Spencer was born in Orlando and grew up in Winter Garden, Florida. He worked at Sand Hill Nursery near Lake Avalon and the Land of Bromeliads in Gotha before finding employment with Julian Nally. After the Nally estate was sold, Spencer worked for Racine Foster at Bromel-La. He graduated from UCF in 1990 summa cum laude with a BA in Liberal Studies and then found employment with Lyman B. Smith at the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History. Michael Spencer named a genus of bromeliads \"Racinaea\" in honor of Racine Foster. While engaged in his research, Spencer amassed this collection of materials concerning bromeliads and their collectors. He now lives in Frederick, Maryland where he has served on the Historic Preservation Commission since 2004.","Materials were rehoused in pH neutral folders and cartons. Photographs, negatives and slides were enclosed in polyester sleeves. Many of the materials were well organized and the arrangement was retained. The remainder were arranged by following the original arrangement as far as possible. Notes on folders were retained in the new folder. Paper clips were replaced with plastic clips or materials that belonged together were held together in a pH neutral paper sleeve. Loose-leaf notebooks that were badly rusted were discarded and the contents placed in folders. Items loose in the back of notebooks were foldered separately and marked accordingly. Notes from a film canister were written exactly as found as the label could not be removed. Albums falling apart were taken apart and foldered. Albums in reasonable condition had the photographs attached properly with corners and the pages interleaved to prevent sticking. Loose album pages in the Foster subseries on Plant Information were merely foldered as they were not in an album and were found without context. Collecion rehoused and finding aid revised by Chynna Thomas in 2023.","A large book collection accompanies this collection and may be accessed by performing a series search \"Michael A. Spencer Collection\" in the UCF Library  Online Catalog .  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Julian Nally ,  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Theodore Mead ,  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Henry Nehrling  and the  Henry Nehrling Papers  are also available in Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries. Some paintings by Mulford Foster are held at the  Harry P. Leu Gardens . The  Henry Nehrling Collection  and the  Theodore L. Mead Collection  are held at Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida. Lyman Smith's Papers are held at the  Smithsonian Institution Archives .","Series I: Mulford and Racine Foster Files, 1910-1991 documents the work of these two individuals in discovering and propagating bromeliads. Correspondence, publications, notebooks, drawings, research materials, memorabilia and photographs show all aspects of their work including plant collecting, landscape designing and publishing. Photographs may be black and white or color prints, negatives or slides. Additional materials about the Fosters may be found in Series II and III.","\nSeries II: Subject Files, 1880-2003 contains catalogues, journals, photographs, memorabilia and correspondence that Michael Spencer brought together under his chosen subject headings and arranged alphabetically. Many of the materials in this series originally came from Mulford and Racine Foster, which means that there is some overlap with the previous series. Spencer's own collecting interest lay in documenting the importance of bromeliads in society, and he collected many common items that showed bromeliads, especially pineapples.","\nSeries III: Author Files, 1754-1997 includes a variety of media used for research, such as articles, books, magazines, newspaper clippings, and photographs. There are a significant number of materials authored by Mulford and Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith, including original manuscripts.","\nSeries IV: Plants by Family Files, 1908-1990 contains alphabetical files on plant families, which include newspaper clippings, books and other research materials.","\nSeries V: Natural History Files, 1853-1997 holds alphabetical files on a wide range of natural history topics including plant societies, authors, drugs and diseases. The files contain published materials, photocopies, web resources, plant and geological samples that document's Michael's Spencer's considerable research interests.","\nSeries VI: Medicinal Files, 1988-1996 contains alphabetical files on diseases and therapies. Not all these files relate to plants though many of them concern natural therapies.","\nSeries VII: Lyman Smith Files: 1905-1994 holds alphabetical files that belonged to Lyman B. Smith. His notebooks, manscripts, teaching materials and correspondence may all be found here.","\nSeries VIII: Personal Files, 1863-2014 contains alphabetical files showing Spencer's interest in collecting books and his wide interests. Materials that do not clearly belong in the other series may be found here.","Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder.","Michael A. Spencer assembled this collection of publications, photographs, drawings, correspondence programs and other materials focusing on the discovery, taxonomy and cultivation of bromeliads. Mulford B. Foster, Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith are among the significant bromeliad collectors whose work is documented here.","UCF Special Collections","Bromeliad Society","Spencer, Michael A.","Smith, Lyman B.","Foster, Mulford B. (Mulford Bateman), 1888-1978","Foster, Racine, 1910-1991","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 068","/repositories/4/resources/148"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1754-2014"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014"],"collection_title_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014"],"collection_ssim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Marineland (Fla.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Marineland (Fla.)"],"creator_ssm":["Spencer, Michael A."],"creator_ssim":["Spencer, Michael A."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Spencer, Michael A."],"creators_ssim":["Spencer, Michael A."],"places_ssim":["Marineland (Fla.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Some of these materials were donated to and others were purchased by the University of Central Florida Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives from Michael A. Spencer in 2006 (CFM2006_09), 2011 (CFM2011_02), 2012 (CFM2012_10), and 2014 (CFM2014_01)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Botany","Botany -- Brazil","Bromeliaceae","Bromelin","Cooking (Pineapples)","Pineapple","Plant hybridization","botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Botany","Botany -- Brazil","Bromeliaceae","Bromelin","Cooking (Pineapples)","Pineapple","Plant hybridization","botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["130 Linear Feet 259 boxes, 2 flat files"],"extent_tesim":["130 Linear Feet 259 boxes, 2 flat files"],"genreform_ssim":["botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)"],"date_range_isim":[1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research except for the following:\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eBoxes 180-181: Personal correspondence\u003c/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eBoxes 213-214: Manuscript of \"Brazil: Orchid of the Tropics\"\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research except for the following:\n Boxes 180-181: Personal correspondence Boxes 213-214: Manuscript of \"Brazil: Orchid of the Tropics\""],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into eight series by type of file.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into eight series by type of file."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMichael A. Spencer was born in Orlando and grew up in Winter Garden, Florida. He worked at Sand Hill Nursery near Lake Avalon and the Land of Bromeliads in Gotha before finding employment with Julian Nally. After the Nally estate was sold, Spencer worked for Racine Foster at Bromel-La. He graduated from UCF in 1990 summa cum laude with a BA in Liberal Studies and then found employment with Lyman B. Smith at the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History. Michael Spencer named a genus of bromeliads \"Racinaea\" in honor of Racine Foster. While engaged in his research, Spencer amassed this collection of materials concerning bromeliads and their collectors. He now lives in Frederick, Maryland where he has served on the Historic Preservation Commission since 2004.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer was born in Orlando and grew up in Winter Garden, Florida. He worked at Sand Hill Nursery near Lake Avalon and the Land of Bromeliads in Gotha before finding employment with Julian Nally. After the Nally estate was sold, Spencer worked for Racine Foster at Bromel-La. He graduated from UCF in 1990 summa cum laude with a BA in Liberal Studies and then found employment with Lyman B. Smith at the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History. Michael Spencer named a genus of bromeliads \"Racinaea\" in honor of Racine Foster. While engaged in his research, Spencer amassed this collection of materials concerning bromeliads and their collectors. He now lives in Frederick, Maryland where he has served on the Historic Preservation Commission since 2004."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMichael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials were rehoused in pH neutral folders and cartons. Photographs, negatives and slides were enclosed in polyester sleeves. Many of the materials were well organized and the arrangement was retained. The remainder were arranged by following the original arrangement as far as possible. Notes on folders were retained in the new folder. Paper clips were replaced with plastic clips or materials that belonged together were held together in a pH neutral paper sleeve. Loose-leaf notebooks that were badly rusted were discarded and the contents placed in folders. Items loose in the back of notebooks were foldered separately and marked accordingly. Notes from a film canister were written exactly as found as the label could not be removed. Albums falling apart were taken apart and foldered. Albums in reasonable condition had the photographs attached properly with corners and the pages interleaved to prevent sticking. Loose album pages in the Foster subseries on Plant Information were merely foldered as they were not in an album and were found without context. Collecion rehoused and finding aid revised by Chynna Thomas in 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Materials were rehoused in pH neutral folders and cartons. Photographs, negatives and slides were enclosed in polyester sleeves. Many of the materials were well organized and the arrangement was retained. The remainder were arranged by following the original arrangement as far as possible. Notes on folders were retained in the new folder. Paper clips were replaced with plastic clips or materials that belonged together were held together in a pH neutral paper sleeve. Loose-leaf notebooks that were badly rusted were discarded and the contents placed in folders. Items loose in the back of notebooks were foldered separately and marked accordingly. Notes from a film canister were written exactly as found as the label could not be removed. Albums falling apart were taken apart and foldered. Albums in reasonable condition had the photographs attached properly with corners and the pages interleaved to prevent sticking. Loose album pages in the Foster subseries on Plant Information were merely foldered as they were not in an album and were found without context. Collecion rehoused and finding aid revised by Chynna Thomas in 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA large book collection accompanies this collection and may be accessed by performing a series search \"Michael A. Spencer Collection\" in the UCF Library \u003cextref href=\"https://library.ucf.edu\"\u003eOnline Catalog\u003c/extref\u003e. \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2006-08c\"\u003eMichael A. Spencer Collection on Julian Nally\u003c/extref\u003e, \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2006-08b\"\u003eMichael A. Spencer Collection on Theodore Mead\u003c/extref\u003e, \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2006-08a\"\u003eMichael A. Spencer Collection on Henry Nehrling\u003c/extref\u003e and the \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM1999-03\"\u003eHenry Nehrling Papers\u003c/extref\u003e are also available in Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries. Some paintings by Mulford Foster are held at the \u003cextref href=\"http://www.leugardens.org/\"\u003eHarry P. Leu Gardens\u003c/extref\u003e. The \u003cextref href=\"https://aspace.rollins.edu/repositories/2/resources/4\"\u003eHenry Nehrling Collection\u003c/extref\u003e and the \u003cextref href=\"https://aspace.rollins.edu/repositories/2/resources/97\"\u003eTheodore L. Mead Collection\u003c/extref\u003e are held at Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida. Lyman Smith's Papers are held at the \u003cextref href=\"http://siarchives.si.edu/\"\u003eSmithsonian Institution Archives\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["A large book collection accompanies this collection and may be accessed by performing a series search \"Michael A. Spencer Collection\" in the UCF Library  Online Catalog .  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Julian Nally ,  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Theodore Mead ,  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Henry Nehrling  and the  Henry Nehrling Papers  are also available in Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries. Some paintings by Mulford Foster are held at the  Harry P. Leu Gardens . The  Henry Nehrling Collection  and the  Theodore L. Mead Collection  are held at Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida. Lyman Smith's Papers are held at the  Smithsonian Institution Archives ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Mulford and Racine Foster Files, 1910-1991 documents the work of these two individuals in discovering and propagating bromeliads. Correspondence, publications, notebooks, drawings, research materials, memorabilia and photographs show all aspects of their work including plant collecting, landscape designing and publishing. Photographs may be black and white or color prints, negatives or slides. Additional materials about the Fosters may be found in Series II and III.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries II: Subject Files, 1880-2003 contains catalogues, journals, photographs, memorabilia and correspondence that Michael Spencer brought together under his chosen subject headings and arranged alphabetically. Many of the materials in this series originally came from Mulford and Racine Foster, which means that there is some overlap with the previous series. Spencer's own collecting interest lay in documenting the importance of bromeliads in society, and he collected many common items that showed bromeliads, especially pineapples.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries III: Author Files, 1754-1997 includes a variety of media used for research, such as articles, books, magazines, newspaper clippings, and photographs. There are a significant number of materials authored by Mulford and Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith, including original manuscripts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries IV: Plants by Family Files, 1908-1990 contains alphabetical files on plant families, which include newspaper clippings, books and other research materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries V: Natural History Files, 1853-1997 holds alphabetical files on a wide range of natural history topics including plant societies, authors, drugs and diseases. The files contain published materials, photocopies, web resources, plant and geological samples that document's Michael's Spencer's considerable research interests.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VI: Medicinal Files, 1988-1996 contains alphabetical files on diseases and therapies. Not all these files relate to plants though many of them concern natural therapies.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VII: Lyman Smith Files: 1905-1994 holds alphabetical files that belonged to Lyman B. Smith. His notebooks, manscripts, teaching materials and correspondence may all be found here.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VIII: Personal Files, 1863-2014 contains alphabetical files showing Spencer's interest in collecting books and his wide interests. Materials that do not clearly belong in the other series may be found here.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Series I: Mulford and Racine Foster Files, 1910-1991 documents the work of these two individuals in discovering and propagating bromeliads. Correspondence, publications, notebooks, drawings, research materials, memorabilia and photographs show all aspects of their work including plant collecting, landscape designing and publishing. Photographs may be black and white or color prints, negatives or slides. Additional materials about the Fosters may be found in Series II and III.","\nSeries II: Subject Files, 1880-2003 contains catalogues, journals, photographs, memorabilia and correspondence that Michael Spencer brought together under his chosen subject headings and arranged alphabetically. Many of the materials in this series originally came from Mulford and Racine Foster, which means that there is some overlap with the previous series. Spencer's own collecting interest lay in documenting the importance of bromeliads in society, and he collected many common items that showed bromeliads, especially pineapples.","\nSeries III: Author Files, 1754-1997 includes a variety of media used for research, such as articles, books, magazines, newspaper clippings, and photographs. There are a significant number of materials authored by Mulford and Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith, including original manuscripts.","\nSeries IV: Plants by Family Files, 1908-1990 contains alphabetical files on plant families, which include newspaper clippings, books and other research materials.","\nSeries V: Natural History Files, 1853-1997 holds alphabetical files on a wide range of natural history topics including plant societies, authors, drugs and diseases. The files contain published materials, photocopies, web resources, plant and geological samples that document's Michael's Spencer's considerable research interests.","\nSeries VI: Medicinal Files, 1988-1996 contains alphabetical files on diseases and therapies. Not all these files relate to plants though many of them concern natural therapies.","\nSeries VII: Lyman Smith Files: 1905-1994 holds alphabetical files that belonged to Lyman B. Smith. His notebooks, manscripts, teaching materials and correspondence may all be found here.","\nSeries VIII: Personal Files, 1863-2014 contains alphabetical files showing Spencer's interest in collecting books and his wide interests. Materials that do not clearly belong in the other series may be found here."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Copyright Statement"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_8e33310d6b1a70e4d88f1e2d3043cf71\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eMichael A. Spencer assembled this collection of publications, photographs, drawings, correspondence programs and other materials focusing on the discovery, taxonomy and cultivation of bromeliads. Mulford B. Foster, Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith are among the significant bromeliad collectors whose work is documented here.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer assembled this collection of publications, photographs, drawings, correspondence programs and other materials focusing on the discovery, taxonomy and cultivation of bromeliads. Mulford B. Foster, Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith are among the significant bromeliad collectors whose work is documented here."],"names_coll_ssim":["Bromeliad Society","Smith, Lyman B.","Foster, Mulford B. (Mulford Bateman), 1888-1978","Foster, Racine, 1910-1991"],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Bromeliad Society","Spencer, Michael A.","Smith, Lyman B.","Foster, Mulford B. (Mulford Bateman), 1888-1978","Foster, Racine, 1910-1991"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Bromeliad Society"],"persname_ssim":["Spencer, Michael A.","Smith, Lyman B.","Foster, Mulford B. (Mulford Bateman), 1888-1978","Foster, Racine, 1910-1991"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3662,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","timestamp":"2026-07-11T02:53:59.490Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_52666"}},{"id":"f1098bbf9fbfeb8d23de54a0_aspace_395b7f14ee928282bf612b0cf69b1102","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"\"Q\" general, Circa 1963-1979","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/f1098bbf9fbfeb8d23de54a0_aspace_395b7f14ee928282bf612b0cf69b1102#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_395b7f14ee928282bf612b0cf69b1102","ref_ssm":["aspace_395b7f14ee928282bf612b0cf69b1102","aspace_395b7f14ee928282bf612b0cf69b1102"],"id":"f1098bbf9fbfeb8d23de54a0_aspace_395b7f14ee928282bf612b0cf69b1102","title_filing_ssi":"\"Q\" general","title_ssm":["\"Q\" general"],"title_tesim":["\"Q\" general"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Circa 1963-1979"],"normalized_date_ssm":["Circa 1963-1979"],"normalized_title_ssm":["\"Q\" general, Circa 1963-1979"],"text":["\"Q\" general, Circa 1963-1979","Michael Shaara Collection, Circa 1947-1990","Correspondence, Circa 1948-1992","Personal Correspondence, Circa 1958-1992","/repositories/3/archival_objects/12434","box 5","folder 15"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["f1098bbf9fbfeb8d23de54a0","f1098bbf9fbfeb8d23de54a0_aspace_5015d264a28f1b58c2358a06174a00f3","f1098bbf9fbfeb8d23de54a0_aspace_331f3f8a51314df0769e7f3f59b76517"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Michael Shaara Collection, Circa 1947-1990","Correspondence, Circa 1948-1992","Personal Correspondence, Circa 1958-1992"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Michael Shaara Collection, Circa 1947-1990","Correspondence, Circa 1948-1992","Personal Correspondence, Circa 1958-1992"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Subseries"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/3/archival_objects/12434"],"repository_ssim":["Bienes Museum of the Modern Book: The Dianne and Michael Bienes Special Collections and Rare Book Library"],"collection_ssim":["Michael Shaara Collection, Circa 1947-1990"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":181,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The Michael Shaara Collection is open for research."],"date_range_isim":[1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979],"containers_ssim":["box 5","folder 15"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#1/components#45","_nest_parent_":"f1098bbf9fbfeb8d23de54a0_aspace_331f3f8a51314df0769e7f3f59b76517","_root_":"f1098bbf9fbfeb8d23de54a0","_version_":1879174602967482368,"timestamp":"2026-10-16T03:15:54.887Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"f1098bbf9fbfeb8d23de54a0","title_filing_ssi":"Shaara, Michael Collection","title_ssm":["Michael Shaara Collection"],"title_tesim":["Michael Shaara Collection"],"ead_ssi":"f1098bbf9fbfeb8d23de54a0","unitdate_ssm":["Circa 1947-1990"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Circa 1947-1990"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["File","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["BIENES.2022.1","/repositories/3/resources/178"],"text":["BIENES.2022.1","/repositories/3/resources/178","Michael Shaara Collection, Circa 1947-1990","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Fiction","Shaara, Michael -- Correspondence","American literature","Historical fiction, American","Science fiction","Manuscripts","Short stories","Photographs","Clippings","The Michael Shaara Collection is open for research.","Related archival material can be found in the Denver Public Library, Western History/Genealogy Department, Denver, Colorado. Visit DenverLibrary.org for further information.","The Michael Shaara Collection contains eight series: Series I. Correspondence, Series II. Writings, Series III. Professional Papers, Series IV. Personal Papers, Series V. Financial and Legal Documents, Series VI. Photographs, Series VII. Awards, and Series VIII. Printed Materials.","Michael Shaara (1929-1988) was born on June 23, 1929 in Jersey City, N.J. to Michael Joseph Sr. and Allene Shaara. Michael Shaara graduated from Rutgers University with a bachelor's degree in 1951 and completed graduate studies at Columbia University (1952-1953) and University of Vermont (1953-1954). He began writing short stories in the 1950s after holding jobs as a paratrooper, merchant seaman, and police officer in St. Petersburg, Florida. In 1959, he was hired as an English instructor at Florida State University (FSU) and by 1968, became an Associate Professor. He taught English, literature and creative writing courses.","Michael Shaara wrote four novels and published more than 70 short stories in magazines including Cosmopolitan, Galaxy, Fantastic Universe, Playboy, Redbook, and the Saturday Evening Post. He began writing science fiction and fantasy genres for the popular pulp fiction magazines of the time and won several awards. Shaara received the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1975 for his novel \"The Killer Angels\". His other three novels are: \"The Broken Place\" (1968), \"The Noah Conspiracy\" (known as the \"Herald\", 1981), and \"For Love of the Game\" (1991). Two of his novels were made into films: television miniseries \"Gettysburg\", an adaptation of \"The Killer Angels\" and film \"For Love of the Game\" (1991) based on the novel of the same name. ","In 1965, Michael Shaara had his first major heart attack and wrote about the experience in an article published by the Saturday Evening Post. The article \"In the Midst of Life\" won an American Medical Association award for medical journalism. While teaching an FSU abroad program in Italy in 1972, he had a motorcycle accident. He was unconcious for weeks and suffered from a severe brain injury. Later he described this event in his story \"Brain Damage\". ","Michael Shaara married Helen Krumweide (1928-2016) on September 16, 1950, and had two children, Jeffrey and Lila Elise. Jeff Shaara wrote the novels \"Gods and Generals\" (1996) and \"The Last Full Measure\" (1998) which serve as as a prequel and sequel to \"The Killer Angels.\" Jeff Shaara continues to write novels.","This collection received file level processing. The finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection.","View a selection of digitized materials from the Michael Shaara Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives.","The Michael Shaara Collection contains manuscripts, correspondence, photographs, teaching lectures and notes, speeches, financial documents, personal papers, books, awards, programs, newspaper clippings, and publications collected by author Michael Shaara (1929-1988). Manuscripts and drafts include his four novels (\"The Killer Angels\", \"The Broken Place\", \"The Herald\", and \"For Love of the Game\") and short stories.","Bienes Museum of the Modern Book: The Dianne and Michael Bienes Special Collections and Rare Book Library","Florida State University. 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Visit DenverLibrary.org for further information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Related archival material can be found in the Denver Public Library, Western History/Genealogy Department, Denver, Colorado. Visit DenverLibrary.org for further information."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Michael Shaara Collection contains eight series: Series I. Correspondence, Series II. Writings, Series III. Professional Papers, Series IV. Personal Papers, Series V. Financial and Legal Documents, Series VI. Photographs, Series VII. Awards, and Series VIII. Printed Materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Michael Shaara Collection contains eight series: Series I. Correspondence, Series II. Writings, Series III. Professional Papers, Series IV. Personal Papers, Series V. Financial and Legal Documents, Series VI. Photographs, Series VII. Awards, and Series VIII. Printed Materials."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMichael Shaara (1929-1988) was born on June 23, 1929 in Jersey City, N.J. to Michael Joseph Sr. and Allene Shaara. Michael Shaara graduated from Rutgers University with a bachelor's degree in 1951 and completed graduate studies at Columbia University (1952-1953) and University of Vermont (1953-1954). He began writing short stories in the 1950s after holding jobs as a paratrooper, merchant seaman, and police officer in St. Petersburg, Florida. In 1959, he was hired as an English instructor at Florida State University (FSU) and by 1968, became an Associate Professor. He taught English, literature and creative writing courses.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMichael Shaara wrote four novels and published more than 70 short stories in magazines including Cosmopolitan, Galaxy, Fantastic Universe, Playboy, Redbook, and the Saturday Evening Post. 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Later he described this event in his story \"Brain Damage\". \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMichael Shaara married Helen Krumweide (1928-2016) on September 16, 1950, and had two children, Jeffrey and Lila Elise. Jeff Shaara wrote the novels \"Gods and Generals\" (1996) and \"The Last Full Measure\" (1998) which serve as as a prequel and sequel to \"The Killer Angels.\" Jeff Shaara continues to write novels.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Michael Shaara (1929-1988) was born on June 23, 1929 in Jersey City, N.J. to Michael Joseph Sr. and Allene Shaara. Michael Shaara graduated from Rutgers University with a bachelor's degree in 1951 and completed graduate studies at Columbia University (1952-1953) and University of Vermont (1953-1954). He began writing short stories in the 1950s after holding jobs as a paratrooper, merchant seaman, and police officer in St. Petersburg, Florida. 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","In 1965, Michael Shaara had his first major heart attack and wrote about the experience in an article published by the Saturday Evening Post. The article \"In the Midst of Life\" won an American Medical Association award for medical journalism. While teaching an FSU abroad program in Italy in 1972, he had a motorcycle accident. He was unconcious for weeks and suffered from a severe brain injury. Later he described this event in his story \"Brain Damage\". ","Michael Shaara married Helen Krumweide (1928-2016) on September 16, 1950, and had two children, Jeffrey and Lila Elise. 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