{"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026page=90\u0026view=compact","prev":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026page=89\u0026view=compact","next":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026page=91\u0026view=compact","last":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026page=407\u0026view=compact"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":90,"next_page":91,"prev_page":89,"total_pages":407,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":890,"total_count":4066,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_52746","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"Cryptanthus, circa 1871-1974","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_52746#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_52746","ref_ssm":["aspace_52746","aspace_52746"],"id":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_52746","title_filing_ssi":"Cryptanthus","title_ssm":["Cryptanthus"],"title_tesim":["Cryptanthus"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1871-1974"],"normalized_date_ssm":["circa 1871-1974"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Cryptanthus, circa 1871-1974"],"text":["Cryptanthus, circa 1871-1974","Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014","Subject Files, 1880-2003.","Folder 8-11","/repositories/4/archival_objects/33173"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_52621"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014","Subject Files, 1880-2003."],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014","Subject Files, 1880-2003."],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["Folder 8-11","/repositories/4/archival_objects/33173"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":4,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":1333,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The entire collection is open for research except for the following:\n\n  Boxes 180-181: Personal correspondence\n  Boxes 213-214: Manuscript of \"Brazil: Orchid of the Tropics\"\n"],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder."],"date_range_isim":[1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#50","_nest_parent_":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_52621","_root_":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","timestamp":"2026-07-11T02:53:59.490Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","title_ssm":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection"],"title_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection"],"ead_ssi":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","unitdate_ssm":["1754-2014"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1754-2014"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 068","/repositories/4/resources/148"],"text":["SC 068","/repositories/4/resources/148","Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014","Marineland (Fla.)","Botany","Botany -- Brazil","Bromeliaceae","Bromelin","Cooking (Pineapples)","Pineapple","Plant hybridization","botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)","The entire collection is open for research except for the following:\n Boxes 180-181: Personal correspondence Boxes 213-214: Manuscript of \"Brazil: Orchid of the Tropics\"","The collection is divided into eight series by type of file.","Michael A. Spencer was born in Orlando and grew up in Winter Garden, Florida. He worked at Sand Hill Nursery near Lake Avalon and the Land of Bromeliads in Gotha before finding employment with Julian Nally. After the Nally estate was sold, Spencer worked for Racine Foster at Bromel-La. He graduated from UCF in 1990 summa cum laude with a BA in Liberal Studies and then found employment with Lyman B. Smith at the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History. Michael Spencer named a genus of bromeliads \"Racinaea\" in honor of Racine Foster. While engaged in his research, Spencer amassed this collection of materials concerning bromeliads and their collectors. He now lives in Frederick, Maryland where he has served on the Historic Preservation Commission since 2004.","Materials were rehoused in pH neutral folders and cartons. Photographs, negatives and slides were enclosed in polyester sleeves. Many of the materials were well organized and the arrangement was retained. The remainder were arranged by following the original arrangement as far as possible. Notes on folders were retained in the new folder. Paper clips were replaced with plastic clips or materials that belonged together were held together in a pH neutral paper sleeve. Loose-leaf notebooks that were badly rusted were discarded and the contents placed in folders. Items loose in the back of notebooks were foldered separately and marked accordingly. Notes from a film canister were written exactly as found as the label could not be removed. Albums falling apart were taken apart and foldered. Albums in reasonable condition had the photographs attached properly with corners and the pages interleaved to prevent sticking. Loose album pages in the Foster subseries on Plant Information were merely foldered as they were not in an album and were found without context. Collecion rehoused and finding aid revised by Chynna Thomas in 2023.","A large book collection accompanies this collection and may be accessed by performing a series search \"Michael A. Spencer Collection\" in the UCF Library  Online Catalog .  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Julian Nally ,  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Theodore Mead ,  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Henry Nehrling  and the  Henry Nehrling Papers  are also available in Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries. Some paintings by Mulford Foster are held at the  Harry P. Leu Gardens . The  Henry Nehrling Collection  and the  Theodore L. Mead Collection  are held at Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida. Lyman Smith's Papers are held at the  Smithsonian Institution Archives .","Series I: Mulford and Racine Foster Files, 1910-1991 documents the work of these two individuals in discovering and propagating bromeliads. Correspondence, publications, notebooks, drawings, research materials, memorabilia and photographs show all aspects of their work including plant collecting, landscape designing and publishing. Photographs may be black and white or color prints, negatives or slides. Additional materials about the Fosters may be found in Series II and III.","\nSeries II: Subject Files, 1880-2003 contains catalogues, journals, photographs, memorabilia and correspondence that Michael Spencer brought together under his chosen subject headings and arranged alphabetically. Many of the materials in this series originally came from Mulford and Racine Foster, which means that there is some overlap with the previous series. Spencer's own collecting interest lay in documenting the importance of bromeliads in society, and he collected many common items that showed bromeliads, especially pineapples.","\nSeries III: Author Files, 1754-1997 includes a variety of media used for research, such as articles, books, magazines, newspaper clippings, and photographs. There are a significant number of materials authored by Mulford and Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith, including original manuscripts.","\nSeries IV: Plants by Family Files, 1908-1990 contains alphabetical files on plant families, which include newspaper clippings, books and other research materials.","\nSeries V: Natural History Files, 1853-1997 holds alphabetical files on a wide range of natural history topics including plant societies, authors, drugs and diseases. The files contain published materials, photocopies, web resources, plant and geological samples that document's Michael's Spencer's considerable research interests.","\nSeries VI: Medicinal Files, 1988-1996 contains alphabetical files on diseases and therapies. Not all these files relate to plants though many of them concern natural therapies.","\nSeries VII: Lyman Smith Files: 1905-1994 holds alphabetical files that belonged to Lyman B. Smith. His notebooks, manscripts, teaching materials and correspondence may all be found here.","\nSeries VIII: Personal Files, 1863-2014 contains alphabetical files showing Spencer's interest in collecting books and his wide interests. Materials that do not clearly belong in the other series may be found here.","Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder.","Michael A. Spencer assembled this collection of publications, photographs, drawings, correspondence programs and other materials focusing on the discovery, taxonomy and cultivation of bromeliads. Mulford B. Foster, Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith are among the significant bromeliad collectors whose work is documented here.","UCF Special Collections","Bromeliad Society","Spencer, Michael A.","Smith, Lyman B.","Foster, Mulford B. (Mulford Bateman), 1888-1978","Foster, Racine, 1910-1991","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 068","/repositories/4/resources/148"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1754-2014"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014"],"collection_title_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014"],"collection_ssim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Marineland (Fla.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Marineland (Fla.)"],"creator_ssm":["Spencer, Michael A."],"creator_ssim":["Spencer, Michael A."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Spencer, Michael A."],"creators_ssim":["Spencer, Michael A."],"places_ssim":["Marineland (Fla.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Some of these materials were donated to and others were purchased by the University of Central Florida Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives from Michael A. Spencer in 2006 (CFM2006_09), 2011 (CFM2011_02), 2012 (CFM2012_10), and 2014 (CFM2014_01)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Botany","Botany -- Brazil","Bromeliaceae","Bromelin","Cooking (Pineapples)","Pineapple","Plant hybridization","botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Botany","Botany -- Brazil","Bromeliaceae","Bromelin","Cooking (Pineapples)","Pineapple","Plant hybridization","botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["130 Linear Feet 259 boxes, 2 flat files"],"extent_tesim":["130 Linear Feet 259 boxes, 2 flat files"],"genreform_ssim":["botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)"],"date_range_isim":[1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research except for the following:\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eBoxes 180-181: Personal correspondence\u003c/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eBoxes 213-214: Manuscript of \"Brazil: Orchid of the Tropics\"\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research except for the following:\n Boxes 180-181: Personal correspondence Boxes 213-214: Manuscript of \"Brazil: Orchid of the Tropics\""],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into eight series by type of file.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into eight series by type of file."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMichael A. Spencer was born in Orlando and grew up in Winter Garden, Florida. He worked at Sand Hill Nursery near Lake Avalon and the Land of Bromeliads in Gotha before finding employment with Julian Nally. After the Nally estate was sold, Spencer worked for Racine Foster at Bromel-La. He graduated from UCF in 1990 summa cum laude with a BA in Liberal Studies and then found employment with Lyman B. Smith at the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History. Michael Spencer named a genus of bromeliads \"Racinaea\" in honor of Racine Foster. While engaged in his research, Spencer amassed this collection of materials concerning bromeliads and their collectors. He now lives in Frederick, Maryland where he has served on the Historic Preservation Commission since 2004.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer was born in Orlando and grew up in Winter Garden, Florida. He worked at Sand Hill Nursery near Lake Avalon and the Land of Bromeliads in Gotha before finding employment with Julian Nally. After the Nally estate was sold, Spencer worked for Racine Foster at Bromel-La. He graduated from UCF in 1990 summa cum laude with a BA in Liberal Studies and then found employment with Lyman B. Smith at the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History. Michael Spencer named a genus of bromeliads \"Racinaea\" in honor of Racine Foster. While engaged in his research, Spencer amassed this collection of materials concerning bromeliads and their collectors. He now lives in Frederick, Maryland where he has served on the Historic Preservation Commission since 2004."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMichael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials were rehoused in pH neutral folders and cartons. Photographs, negatives and slides were enclosed in polyester sleeves. Many of the materials were well organized and the arrangement was retained. The remainder were arranged by following the original arrangement as far as possible. Notes on folders were retained in the new folder. Paper clips were replaced with plastic clips or materials that belonged together were held together in a pH neutral paper sleeve. Loose-leaf notebooks that were badly rusted were discarded and the contents placed in folders. Items loose in the back of notebooks were foldered separately and marked accordingly. Notes from a film canister were written exactly as found as the label could not be removed. Albums falling apart were taken apart and foldered. Albums in reasonable condition had the photographs attached properly with corners and the pages interleaved to prevent sticking. Loose album pages in the Foster subseries on Plant Information were merely foldered as they were not in an album and were found without context. Collecion rehoused and finding aid revised by Chynna Thomas in 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Materials were rehoused in pH neutral folders and cartons. Photographs, negatives and slides were enclosed in polyester sleeves. Many of the materials were well organized and the arrangement was retained. The remainder were arranged by following the original arrangement as far as possible. Notes on folders were retained in the new folder. Paper clips were replaced with plastic clips or materials that belonged together were held together in a pH neutral paper sleeve. Loose-leaf notebooks that were badly rusted were discarded and the contents placed in folders. Items loose in the back of notebooks were foldered separately and marked accordingly. Notes from a film canister were written exactly as found as the label could not be removed. Albums falling apart were taken apart and foldered. Albums in reasonable condition had the photographs attached properly with corners and the pages interleaved to prevent sticking. Loose album pages in the Foster subseries on Plant Information were merely foldered as they were not in an album and were found without context. Collecion rehoused and finding aid revised by Chynna Thomas in 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA large book collection accompanies this collection and may be accessed by performing a series search \"Michael A. Spencer Collection\" in the UCF Library \u003cextref href=\"https://library.ucf.edu\"\u003eOnline Catalog\u003c/extref\u003e. \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2006-08c\"\u003eMichael A. Spencer Collection on Julian Nally\u003c/extref\u003e, \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2006-08b\"\u003eMichael A. Spencer Collection on Theodore Mead\u003c/extref\u003e, \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2006-08a\"\u003eMichael A. Spencer Collection on Henry Nehrling\u003c/extref\u003e and the \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM1999-03\"\u003eHenry Nehrling Papers\u003c/extref\u003e are also available in Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries. Some paintings by Mulford Foster are held at the \u003cextref href=\"http://www.leugardens.org/\"\u003eHarry P. Leu Gardens\u003c/extref\u003e. The \u003cextref href=\"https://aspace.rollins.edu/repositories/2/resources/4\"\u003eHenry Nehrling Collection\u003c/extref\u003e and the \u003cextref href=\"https://aspace.rollins.edu/repositories/2/resources/97\"\u003eTheodore L. Mead Collection\u003c/extref\u003e are held at Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida. Lyman Smith's Papers are held at the \u003cextref href=\"http://siarchives.si.edu/\"\u003eSmithsonian Institution Archives\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["A large book collection accompanies this collection and may be accessed by performing a series search \"Michael A. Spencer Collection\" in the UCF Library  Online Catalog .  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Julian Nally ,  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Theodore Mead ,  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Henry Nehrling  and the  Henry Nehrling Papers  are also available in Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries. Some paintings by Mulford Foster are held at the  Harry P. Leu Gardens . The  Henry Nehrling Collection  and the  Theodore L. Mead Collection  are held at Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida. Lyman Smith's Papers are held at the  Smithsonian Institution Archives ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Mulford and Racine Foster Files, 1910-1991 documents the work of these two individuals in discovering and propagating bromeliads. Correspondence, publications, notebooks, drawings, research materials, memorabilia and photographs show all aspects of their work including plant collecting, landscape designing and publishing. Photographs may be black and white or color prints, negatives or slides. Additional materials about the Fosters may be found in Series II and III.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries II: Subject Files, 1880-2003 contains catalogues, journals, photographs, memorabilia and correspondence that Michael Spencer brought together under his chosen subject headings and arranged alphabetically. Many of the materials in this series originally came from Mulford and Racine Foster, which means that there is some overlap with the previous series. Spencer's own collecting interest lay in documenting the importance of bromeliads in society, and he collected many common items that showed bromeliads, especially pineapples.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries III: Author Files, 1754-1997 includes a variety of media used for research, such as articles, books, magazines, newspaper clippings, and photographs. There are a significant number of materials authored by Mulford and Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith, including original manuscripts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries IV: Plants by Family Files, 1908-1990 contains alphabetical files on plant families, which include newspaper clippings, books and other research materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries V: Natural History Files, 1853-1997 holds alphabetical files on a wide range of natural history topics including plant societies, authors, drugs and diseases. The files contain published materials, photocopies, web resources, plant and geological samples that document's Michael's Spencer's considerable research interests.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VI: Medicinal Files, 1988-1996 contains alphabetical files on diseases and therapies. Not all these files relate to plants though many of them concern natural therapies.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VII: Lyman Smith Files: 1905-1994 holds alphabetical files that belonged to Lyman B. Smith. His notebooks, manscripts, teaching materials and correspondence may all be found here.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VIII: Personal Files, 1863-2014 contains alphabetical files showing Spencer's interest in collecting books and his wide interests. Materials that do not clearly belong in the other series may be found here.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Series I: Mulford and Racine Foster Files, 1910-1991 documents the work of these two individuals in discovering and propagating bromeliads. Correspondence, publications, notebooks, drawings, research materials, memorabilia and photographs show all aspects of their work including plant collecting, landscape designing and publishing. Photographs may be black and white or color prints, negatives or slides. Additional materials about the Fosters may be found in Series II and III.","\nSeries II: Subject Files, 1880-2003 contains catalogues, journals, photographs, memorabilia and correspondence that Michael Spencer brought together under his chosen subject headings and arranged alphabetically. Many of the materials in this series originally came from Mulford and Racine Foster, which means that there is some overlap with the previous series. Spencer's own collecting interest lay in documenting the importance of bromeliads in society, and he collected many common items that showed bromeliads, especially pineapples.","\nSeries III: Author Files, 1754-1997 includes a variety of media used for research, such as articles, books, magazines, newspaper clippings, and photographs. There are a significant number of materials authored by Mulford and Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith, including original manuscripts.","\nSeries IV: Plants by Family Files, 1908-1990 contains alphabetical files on plant families, which include newspaper clippings, books and other research materials.","\nSeries V: Natural History Files, 1853-1997 holds alphabetical files on a wide range of natural history topics including plant societies, authors, drugs and diseases. The files contain published materials, photocopies, web resources, plant and geological samples that document's Michael's Spencer's considerable research interests.","\nSeries VI: Medicinal Files, 1988-1996 contains alphabetical files on diseases and therapies. Not all these files relate to plants though many of them concern natural therapies.","\nSeries VII: Lyman Smith Files: 1905-1994 holds alphabetical files that belonged to Lyman B. Smith. His notebooks, manscripts, teaching materials and correspondence may all be found here.","\nSeries VIII: Personal Files, 1863-2014 contains alphabetical files showing Spencer's interest in collecting books and his wide interests. Materials that do not clearly belong in the other series may be found here."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Copyright Statement"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_8e33310d6b1a70e4d88f1e2d3043cf71\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eMichael A. Spencer assembled this collection of publications, photographs, drawings, correspondence programs and other materials focusing on the discovery, taxonomy and cultivation of bromeliads. Mulford B. Foster, Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith are among the significant bromeliad collectors whose work is documented here.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer assembled this collection of publications, photographs, drawings, correspondence programs and other materials focusing on the discovery, taxonomy and cultivation of bromeliads. Mulford B. Foster, Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith are among the significant bromeliad collectors whose work is documented here."],"names_coll_ssim":["Bromeliad Society","Smith, Lyman B.","Foster, Mulford B. (Mulford Bateman), 1888-1978","Foster, Racine, 1910-1991"],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Bromeliad Society","Spencer, Michael A.","Smith, Lyman B.","Foster, Mulford B. (Mulford Bateman), 1888-1978","Foster, Racine, 1910-1991"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Bromeliad Society"],"persname_ssim":["Spencer, Michael A.","Smith, Lyman B.","Foster, Mulford B. (Mulford Bateman), 1888-1978","Foster, Racine, 1910-1991"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3662,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","timestamp":"2026-07-11T02:53:59.490Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_52746"}},{"id":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_035f7cceb04d566542ffebaa5ced81c0","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Cuba, 1951-1974, Undated","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_035f7cceb04d566542ffebaa5ced81c0#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_035f7cceb04d566542ffebaa5ced81c0","ref_ssm":["aspace_035f7cceb04d566542ffebaa5ced81c0","aspace_035f7cceb04d566542ffebaa5ced81c0"],"id":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_035f7cceb04d566542ffebaa5ced81c0","title_filing_ssi":"Cuba","title_ssm":["Cuba"],"title_tesim":["Cuba"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1951-1974, Undated"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1951-1974, Undated"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Cuba, 1951-1974, Undated"],"text":["Cuba, 1951-1974, Undated","José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013","Oversize Materials, 1951-2008, Undated","2","/repositories/4/archival_objects/54211","Flat File 1","folder 2"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_c6a33029487564f11406131c29faf85c"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013","Oversize Materials, 1951-2008, Undated"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013","Oversize Materials, 1951-2008, Undated"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["2","/repositories/4/archival_objects/54211"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":269,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The entire collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder."],"date_range_isim":[1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974],"containers_ssim":["Flat File 1","folder 2"],"_nest_path_":"/components#6/components#1","_nest_parent_":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_c6a33029487564f11406131c29faf85c","_root_":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","_version_":1870857755411087360,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:03:10.972Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","title_ssm":["José Guerra Alemán Collection"],"title_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection"],"ead_ssi":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","unitdate_ssm":["1887-2013"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1887-2013"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC.098","/repositories/4/resources/204"],"text":["SC.098","/repositories/4/resources/204","José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013","Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs","Cuba -- History -- Description and Travel","Cuba -- History -- Pictorial works","correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","The entire collection is open for research.","José Guerra Alemán was born to José Guerra and Herminia Alemán-Valdes on November 20, 1922 in Cuba. He referred to alternative names such as José Guerra Alemán, his initials J.G.A. and his nickname Pepín. Many of his closest friends and family called him as Pepín. His family contained of six members that included his three siblings, Maria Vicenta Guerra, Rafael Luis Guerra, and an eldest brother who his name is unknown. His brother, Rafael L. Guerra was born on November 20, 1926 in Habana, Cuba and died on October 2, 1998 in Miami, Florida. His sister, Maria, was born on June 19, 1924 in Habana, Cuba. A year after her brother's death, she died on February 27, 1999 in Miami, Florida. In her later years, she was a homemaker and she never married.","In his early years, he enrolled in the United States military at the age of 20 in 1942. He participated in the 8th Army (Octavo Ejército) of EE.UU. (United States). He covered the campaign of the Pacific as the 35th Division of Infantry (35 División de Infantería) called División Relámpago (Lightning Division). He finished training in the military at Fort Dix, Burlington County, New Jersey in the Delaware River region on October of 1946.","Once he finished his service, he returned to Cuba and founded a company called CINEPERIODICO in 1947. His motivation of starting this company began from his interest in journalism. At the age of 16, he delved into both journalism and short films/news films. He was one of the editors of Él País, La Habana. These experiences guided him to globally make notorious documentaries and cinematography of actual events and issues. He traveled around the globe. For instance, he registered for a temporary immigration card to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1959 as a journalist. As a result for his traveling, he encountered prominent leaders of various movements.","One of those encounters, José Guerra Alemán climbed the Mountains of Sierra Maestra, in the province of East of the Island of Cuba to interview Fidel Castro and Che Guevara. Under the agency of his company, CINEPERIODICO, he personally knew these men and those who were a part of the guerillas during the Cuban Revolution. In 1950, he worked with José García and Eduardo Hernández (Guayo) in the same company. José Guerra Alemán directed films such as Sangre Y Esperanza: La Cuba de Hoy (Blood and Hope: the Cuba of Today and El Gran Recuento (The Great Story). He also took the position as the Senior Vice President of Guastella Film Producers Inc., an advertising firm in Puerto Rico, where he did similar works until he retired in 1990. This included the creation of historical documentary films.","With his interest in Cuba's history and living at a time of historical changes in Cuba, he wrote extensive materials along those themes. He wrote Aún Hay Luna En Los Cerros, Ensayos (Las Mayorías Discriminadas): En Defensa de la Mujer, Barro y Cenizas (Díalogos con Fidel Castro y el Che Guevara), and Juro Pero No Prometo (Biografía de su Abuelo el General José Braulio Alemán). His major work composes four volumes of encyclopedias called Cuba Infinita. Each book contains specific chronological decades and starts from 1855, when the first photographs of the city were available by American artist Fredericks De Forest, to 1958, when the Republic collapsed. The volumes includes more than a thousand selected photos of the history of Cuba, from colonial times to the Spanish American War. The reader walks through time and gets to see the transformation of Cuba. He included photographs received by family, friends, colleagues and what he collected from his travels. He also was inspired and guided from the work called La Enciclopedia de Cuba.","Understanding where his family came from and knowing the other members of his family tree can provide a part of José Guerra Alemán's identity. Jose Guerra Alemán's maternal bloodline had a huge role in the movement toward Cuba's independence against colonialism and imperialism. His grandfather named José Braulio Guerra Alemán fought in the Spanish-American War as a Cuban Brigadier General and was the principal author to the Constitution of Cuba proclaimed at Yara in 1896. He worked as a lawyer, newspaper owner, advocate of the liberation of Cuba, senator and governor for the province of Las Villas, minister of Education and ambassador to Mexico. His half uncle, José Manuel Alemán, served in the Cuban government as Minister of Education during the presidency of Dr. Ramón Grau San Martin, president of the Authentic Party (Partido Auténtico) in La Habana, and Senator of the Republic. His family went through three generations of leaders and fighters for Cuban independence through revolutions or preserving its history and culture.","He rested on February 22, 2013 in Miami, Florida. He survived his wife named Lidia Llano who he married on September 22, 1945 and left a son named Carlos Guerra Llano. He left a mark of what he had done, significant work in Cuba's history. However, he has not been given as much attention as he deserves in any setting, especially in academia. It is the many aspects of unknown history and researching the people from below like Alemán. He was a Cuban, veteran, journalist, nontraditional historian, and founder of a journalist business.","Materials are housed in acid free folders and boxes; photographs and negatives were placed in clear sleeves; publications removed from the collection and cataloged separately.","Books collected by José Guerra Alemán can be found by performing a series search for \"José Guerra Alemán Collection\" in the UCF Libraries catalog.","This collection was arranged in seven series:","\nSeries I. Manuscripts, 1915-2013, Undated, includes notes that Alemán took on varieties of subjects. His interests ranged from the origin of words and meaning of phrases to his summaries and interpretations of authors' works.","\nSeries II: Research Files, 1898-2012, Undated, holds a combination of newspapers, images, and works of others where Alemán used for the publication of Cuba Infinita and his work on Cuban and Latin American history, involving their relations to other countries.","\nSeries III: Publications, 1987-2008, Undated, contains his writings that has drafts of his published work, his articles from newspapers, and promotional materials advertising his works.","\nSeries IV: Personal Files, 1887-2011, Undated, provides letters between Aleman and his family members and between Aleman and business workers. They share insight of Aleman's genealogy and Aleman's work ethic. Series also includes various maps and postcards. ","\nSeries V: Visual Materials, Circa 1900-Circa 2000, Undated, includes photographs and negatives of José G. Alemán and his relatives; overseas trips as a Journalist; and images of Cuba, cubans, and public buildings. Series also includes a CD of \"Fidel Castro: La Historia Lo Absolvera\" and another CD contains a song from Marisela Verena \"Mi Pinar del Rio\".","\nSeries VI: Memorabilia, 1926-1977, Undated, comprises hats from different places that Aleman travelled, identification cards, and a lottery ticket from Republic of Cuba, 1949.","\nSeries VII: Oversize Materials, 1958-2008, Undated, includes large maps of various countries, posters, a proof sheet for Cuba Infinita, and a game card \"La Charada Cubana.\"","Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder.","The collection is filled with Cuban history and researched materials on society's past was created by Cuban and American journalist José Guerra Alemán. The materials range from photographs of his travels to cultural sites and countries to personal notes on literature of other scholars' works and his published books. He is most notable of his published four-volume encyclopedia on Cuban history called Cuba Infinita.","UCF Special Collections","Guerra Alemán, José","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC.098","/repositories/4/resources/204"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1887-2013"],"normalized_title_ssm":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"collection_title_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"collection_ssim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs"],"geogname_ssim":["Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs"],"creator_ssm":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"creator_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"creators_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"places_ssim":["Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated by Carlos Guerra, José Guerra Alemán's son, to the University of Central Florida Libraries in 2014. (CFM2014_07)"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Cuba -- History -- Description and Travel","Cuba -- History -- Pictorial works","correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Cuba -- History -- Description and Travel","Cuba -- History -- Pictorial works","correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["17.5 Linear Feet 20 boxes, 1 Flat File"],"extent_tesim":["17.5 Linear Feet 20 boxes, 1 Flat File"],"genreform_ssim":["correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints"],"date_range_isim":[1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n was born to Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra and Herminia Alem\u0026#xE1;n-Valdes on November 20, 1922 in Cuba. He referred to alternative names such as Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n, his initials J.G.A. and his nickname Pep\u0026#xED;n. Many of his closest friends and family called him as Pep\u0026#xED;n. His family contained of six members that included his three siblings, Maria Vicenta Guerra, Rafael Luis Guerra, and an eldest brother who his name is unknown. His brother, Rafael L. Guerra was born on November 20, 1926 in Habana, Cuba and died on October 2, 1998 in Miami, Florida. His sister, Maria, was born on June 19, 1924 in Habana, Cuba. A year after her brother's death, she died on February 27, 1999 in Miami, Florida. In her later years, she was a homemaker and she never married.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn his early years, he enrolled in the United States military at the age of 20 in 1942. He participated in the 8th Army (Octavo Ej\u0026#xE9;rcito) of EE.UU. (United States). He covered the campaign of the Pacific as the 35th Division of Infantry (35 Divisi\u0026#xF3;n de Infanter\u0026#xED;a) called Divisi\u0026#xF3;n Rel\u0026#xE1;mpago (Lightning Division). He finished training in the military at Fort Dix, Burlington County, New Jersey in the Delaware River region on October of 1946.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOnce he finished his service, he returned to Cuba and founded a company called CINEPERIODICO in 1947. His motivation of starting this company began from his interest in journalism. At the age of 16, he delved into both journalism and short films/news films. He was one of the editors of \u0026#xC9;l Pa\u0026#xED;s, La Habana. These experiences guided him to globally make notorious documentaries and cinematography of actual events and issues. He traveled around the globe. For instance, he registered for a temporary immigration card to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1959 as a journalist. As a result for his traveling, he encountered prominent leaders of various movements.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOne of those encounters, Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n climbed the Mountains of Sierra Maestra, in the province of East of the Island of Cuba to interview Fidel Castro and Che Guevara. Under the agency of his company, CINEPERIODICO, he personally knew these men and those who were a part of the guerillas during the Cuban Revolution. In 1950, he worked with Jos\u0026#xE9; Garc\u0026#xED;a and Eduardo Hern\u0026#xE1;ndez (Guayo) in the same company. Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n directed films such as Sangre Y Esperanza: La Cuba de Hoy (Blood and Hope: the Cuba of Today and El Gran Recuento (The Great Story). He also took the position as the Senior Vice President of Guastella Film Producers Inc., an advertising firm in Puerto Rico, where he did similar works until he retired in 1990. This included the creation of historical documentary films.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWith his interest in Cuba's history and living at a time of historical changes in Cuba, he wrote extensive materials along those themes. He wrote A\u0026#xFA;n Hay Luna En Los Cerros, Ensayos (Las Mayor\u0026#xED;as Discriminadas): En Defensa de la Mujer, Barro y Cenizas (D\u0026#xED;alogos con Fidel Castro y el Che Guevara), and Juro Pero No Prometo (Biograf\u0026#xED;a de su Abuelo el General Jos\u0026#xE9; Braulio Alem\u0026#xE1;n). His major work composes four volumes of encyclopedias called Cuba Infinita. Each book contains specific chronological decades and starts from 1855, when the first photographs of the city were available by American artist Fredericks De Forest, to 1958, when the Republic collapsed. The volumes includes more than a thousand selected photos of the history of Cuba, from colonial times to the Spanish American War. The reader walks through time and gets to see the transformation of Cuba. He included photographs received by family, friends, colleagues and what he collected from his travels. He also was inspired and guided from the work called La Enciclopedia de Cuba.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUnderstanding where his family came from and knowing the other members of his family tree can provide a part of Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n's identity. Jose Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n's maternal bloodline had a huge role in the movement toward Cuba's independence against colonialism and imperialism. His grandfather named Jos\u0026#xE9; Braulio Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n fought in the Spanish-American War as a Cuban Brigadier General and was the principal author to the Constitution of Cuba proclaimed at Yara in 1896. He worked as a lawyer, newspaper owner, advocate of the liberation of Cuba, senator and governor for the province of Las Villas, minister of Education and ambassador to Mexico. His half uncle, Jos\u0026#xE9; Manuel Alem\u0026#xE1;n, served in the Cuban government as Minister of Education during the presidency of Dr. Ram\u0026#xF3;n Grau San Martin, president of the Authentic Party (Partido Aut\u0026#xE9;ntico) in La Habana, and Senator of the Republic. His family went through three generations of leaders and fighters for Cuban independence through revolutions or preserving its history and culture.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe rested on February 22, 2013 in Miami, Florida. He survived his wife named Lidia Llano who he married on September 22, 1945 and left a son named Carlos Guerra Llano. He left a mark of what he had done, significant work in Cuba's history. However, he has not been given as much attention as he deserves in any setting, especially in academia. It is the many aspects of unknown history and researching the people from below like Alem\u0026#xE1;n. He was a Cuban, veteran, journalist, nontraditional historian, and founder of a journalist business.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán was born to José Guerra and Herminia Alemán-Valdes on November 20, 1922 in Cuba. He referred to alternative names such as José Guerra Alemán, his initials J.G.A. and his nickname Pepín. Many of his closest friends and family called him as Pepín. His family contained of six members that included his three siblings, Maria Vicenta Guerra, Rafael Luis Guerra, and an eldest brother who his name is unknown. His brother, Rafael L. Guerra was born on November 20, 1926 in Habana, Cuba and died on October 2, 1998 in Miami, Florida. His sister, Maria, was born on June 19, 1924 in Habana, Cuba. A year after her brother's death, she died on February 27, 1999 in Miami, Florida. In her later years, she was a homemaker and she never married.","In his early years, he enrolled in the United States military at the age of 20 in 1942. He participated in the 8th Army (Octavo Ejército) of EE.UU. (United States). He covered the campaign of the Pacific as the 35th Division of Infantry (35 División de Infantería) called División Relámpago (Lightning Division). He finished training in the military at Fort Dix, Burlington County, New Jersey in the Delaware River region on October of 1946.","Once he finished his service, he returned to Cuba and founded a company called CINEPERIODICO in 1947. His motivation of starting this company began from his interest in journalism. At the age of 16, he delved into both journalism and short films/news films. He was one of the editors of Él País, La Habana. These experiences guided him to globally make notorious documentaries and cinematography of actual events and issues. He traveled around the globe. For instance, he registered for a temporary immigration card to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1959 as a journalist. As a result for his traveling, he encountered prominent leaders of various movements.","One of those encounters, José Guerra Alemán climbed the Mountains of Sierra Maestra, in the province of East of the Island of Cuba to interview Fidel Castro and Che Guevara. Under the agency of his company, CINEPERIODICO, he personally knew these men and those who were a part of the guerillas during the Cuban Revolution. In 1950, he worked with José García and Eduardo Hernández (Guayo) in the same company. José Guerra Alemán directed films such as Sangre Y Esperanza: La Cuba de Hoy (Blood and Hope: the Cuba of Today and El Gran Recuento (The Great Story). He also took the position as the Senior Vice President of Guastella Film Producers Inc., an advertising firm in Puerto Rico, where he did similar works until he retired in 1990. This included the creation of historical documentary films.","With his interest in Cuba's history and living at a time of historical changes in Cuba, he wrote extensive materials along those themes. He wrote Aún Hay Luna En Los Cerros, Ensayos (Las Mayorías Discriminadas): En Defensa de la Mujer, Barro y Cenizas (Díalogos con Fidel Castro y el Che Guevara), and Juro Pero No Prometo (Biografía de su Abuelo el General José Braulio Alemán). His major work composes four volumes of encyclopedias called Cuba Infinita. Each book contains specific chronological decades and starts from 1855, when the first photographs of the city were available by American artist Fredericks De Forest, to 1958, when the Republic collapsed. The volumes includes more than a thousand selected photos of the history of Cuba, from colonial times to the Spanish American War. The reader walks through time and gets to see the transformation of Cuba. He included photographs received by family, friends, colleagues and what he collected from his travels. He also was inspired and guided from the work called La Enciclopedia de Cuba.","Understanding where his family came from and knowing the other members of his family tree can provide a part of José Guerra Alemán's identity. Jose Guerra Alemán's maternal bloodline had a huge role in the movement toward Cuba's independence against colonialism and imperialism. His grandfather named José Braulio Guerra Alemán fought in the Spanish-American War as a Cuban Brigadier General and was the principal author to the Constitution of Cuba proclaimed at Yara in 1896. He worked as a lawyer, newspaper owner, advocate of the liberation of Cuba, senator and governor for the province of Las Villas, minister of Education and ambassador to Mexico. His half uncle, José Manuel Alemán, served in the Cuban government as Minister of Education during the presidency of Dr. Ramón Grau San Martin, president of the Authentic Party (Partido Auténtico) in La Habana, and Senator of the Republic. His family went through three generations of leaders and fighters for Cuban independence through revolutions or preserving its history and culture.","He rested on February 22, 2013 in Miami, Florida. He survived his wife named Lidia Llano who he married on September 22, 1945 and left a son named Carlos Guerra Llano. He left a mark of what he had done, significant work in Cuba's history. However, he has not been given as much attention as he deserves in any setting, especially in academia. It is the many aspects of unknown history and researching the people from below like Alemán. He was a Cuban, veteran, journalist, nontraditional historian, and founder of a journalist business."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n Collection, Special Collections and UniversityArchives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, Special Collections and UniversityArchives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials are housed in acid free folders and boxes; photographs and negatives were placed in clear sleeves; publications removed from the collection and cataloged separately.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Materials are housed in acid free folders and boxes; photographs and negatives were placed in clear sleeves; publications removed from the collection and cataloged separately."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBooks collected by Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n can be found by performing a series search for \"Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n Collection\" in the UCF Libraries catalog.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Books collected by José Guerra Alemán can be found by performing a series search for \"José Guerra Alemán Collection\" in the UCF Libraries catalog."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection was arranged in seven series:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries I. Manuscripts, 1915-2013, Undated, includes notes that Alem\u0026#xE1;n took on varieties of subjects. His interests ranged from the origin of words and meaning of phrases to his summaries and interpretations of authors' works.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries II: Research Files, 1898-2012, Undated, holds a combination of newspapers, images, and works of others where Alem\u0026#xE1;n used for the publication of Cuba Infinita and his work on Cuban and Latin American history, involving their relations to other countries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries III: Publications, 1987-2008, Undated, contains his writings that has drafts of his published work, his articles from newspapers, and promotional materials advertising his works.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries IV: Personal Files, 1887-2011, Undated, provides letters between Aleman and his family members and between Aleman and business workers. They share insight of Aleman's genealogy and Aleman's work ethic. Series also includes various maps and postcards. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries V: Visual Materials, Circa 1900-Circa 2000, Undated, includes photographs and negatives of Jos\u0026#xE9; G. Alem\u0026#xE1;n and his relatives; overseas trips as a Journalist; and images of Cuba, cubans, and public buildings. Series also includes a CD of \"Fidel Castro: La Historia Lo Absolvera\" and another CD contains a song from Marisela Verena \"Mi Pinar del Rio\".\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VI: Memorabilia, 1926-1977, Undated, comprises hats from different places that Aleman travelled, identification cards, and a lottery ticket from Republic of Cuba, 1949.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VII: Oversize Materials, 1958-2008, Undated, includes large maps of various countries, posters, a proof sheet for Cuba Infinita, and a game card \"La Charada Cubana.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection was arranged in seven series:","\nSeries I. Manuscripts, 1915-2013, Undated, includes notes that Alemán took on varieties of subjects. His interests ranged from the origin of words and meaning of phrases to his summaries and interpretations of authors' works.","\nSeries II: Research Files, 1898-2012, Undated, holds a combination of newspapers, images, and works of others where Alemán used for the publication of Cuba Infinita and his work on Cuban and Latin American history, involving their relations to other countries.","\nSeries III: Publications, 1987-2008, Undated, contains his writings that has drafts of his published work, his articles from newspapers, and promotional materials advertising his works.","\nSeries IV: Personal Files, 1887-2011, Undated, provides letters between Aleman and his family members and between Aleman and business workers. They share insight of Aleman's genealogy and Aleman's work ethic. Series also includes various maps and postcards. ","\nSeries V: Visual Materials, Circa 1900-Circa 2000, Undated, includes photographs and negatives of José G. Alemán and his relatives; overseas trips as a Journalist; and images of Cuba, cubans, and public buildings. Series also includes a CD of \"Fidel Castro: La Historia Lo Absolvera\" and another CD contains a song from Marisela Verena \"Mi Pinar del Rio\".","\nSeries VI: Memorabilia, 1926-1977, Undated, comprises hats from different places that Aleman travelled, identification cards, and a lottery ticket from Republic of Cuba, 1949.","\nSeries VII: Oversize Materials, 1958-2008, Undated, includes large maps of various countries, posters, a proof sheet for Cuba Infinita, and a game card \"La Charada Cubana.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e4d41ff341ce7470c0d40282c3f71dd8\"\u003eThe collection is filled with Cuban history and researched materials on society's past was created by Cuban and American journalist Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n. The materials range from photographs of his travels to cultural sites and countries to personal notes on literature of other scholars' works and his published books. He is most notable of his published four-volume encyclopedia on Cuban history called Cuba Infinita.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection is filled with Cuban history and researched materials on society's past was created by Cuban and American journalist José Guerra Alemán. The materials range from photographs of his travels to cultural sites and countries to personal notes on literature of other scholars' works and his published books. He is most notable of his published four-volume encyclopedia on Cuban history called Cuba Infinita."],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Guerra Alemán, José"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":282,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870857755411087360,"_root_":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:03:10.972Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_035f7cceb04d566542ffebaa5ced81c0"}},{"id":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_07c412302c21ae6abf2cf3b2afdb5028","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Cuba (1 of 2), 1920-1980, Undated","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_07c412302c21ae6abf2cf3b2afdb5028#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_07c412302c21ae6abf2cf3b2afdb5028","ref_ssm":["aspace_07c412302c21ae6abf2cf3b2afdb5028","aspace_07c412302c21ae6abf2cf3b2afdb5028"],"id":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_07c412302c21ae6abf2cf3b2afdb5028","title_filing_ssi":"Cuba (1 of 2)","title_ssm":["Cuba (1 of 2)"],"title_tesim":["Cuba (1 of 2)"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1920-1980, Undated"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1920-1980, Undated"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Cuba (1 of 2), 1920-1980, Undated"],"text":["Cuba (1 of 2), 1920-1980, Undated","José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013","Visual Materials, Circa 1900-Circa 2000","Photographs, Circa 1900-Circa 2000","Folder 20","/repositories/4/archival_objects/54115","box 19","folder 20"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_7c7243b4d414f992a8def17111639498","725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_be69d6b0e10bb11fc945713384dde515"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013","Visual Materials, Circa 1900-Circa 2000","Photographs, Circa 1900-Circa 2000"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013","Visual Materials, Circa 1900-Circa 2000","Photographs, Circa 1900-Circa 2000"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Subseries"],"unitid_ssm":["Folder 20","/repositories/4/archival_objects/54115"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":236,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The entire collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder."],"date_range_isim":[1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980],"containers_ssim":["box 19","folder 20"],"_nest_path_":"/components#4/components#0/components#2","_nest_parent_":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_be69d6b0e10bb11fc945713384dde515","_root_":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","_version_":1870857755411087360,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:03:10.972Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","title_ssm":["José Guerra Alemán Collection"],"title_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection"],"ead_ssi":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","unitdate_ssm":["1887-2013"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1887-2013"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC.098","/repositories/4/resources/204"],"text":["SC.098","/repositories/4/resources/204","José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013","Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs","Cuba -- History -- Description and Travel","Cuba -- History -- Pictorial works","correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","The entire collection is open for research.","José Guerra Alemán was born to José Guerra and Herminia Alemán-Valdes on November 20, 1922 in Cuba. He referred to alternative names such as José Guerra Alemán, his initials J.G.A. and his nickname Pepín. Many of his closest friends and family called him as Pepín. His family contained of six members that included his three siblings, Maria Vicenta Guerra, Rafael Luis Guerra, and an eldest brother who his name is unknown. His brother, Rafael L. Guerra was born on November 20, 1926 in Habana, Cuba and died on October 2, 1998 in Miami, Florida. His sister, Maria, was born on June 19, 1924 in Habana, Cuba. A year after her brother's death, she died on February 27, 1999 in Miami, Florida. In her later years, she was a homemaker and she never married.","In his early years, he enrolled in the United States military at the age of 20 in 1942. He participated in the 8th Army (Octavo Ejército) of EE.UU. (United States). He covered the campaign of the Pacific as the 35th Division of Infantry (35 División de Infantería) called División Relámpago (Lightning Division). He finished training in the military at Fort Dix, Burlington County, New Jersey in the Delaware River region on October of 1946.","Once he finished his service, he returned to Cuba and founded a company called CINEPERIODICO in 1947. His motivation of starting this company began from his interest in journalism. At the age of 16, he delved into both journalism and short films/news films. He was one of the editors of Él País, La Habana. These experiences guided him to globally make notorious documentaries and cinematography of actual events and issues. He traveled around the globe. For instance, he registered for a temporary immigration card to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1959 as a journalist. As a result for his traveling, he encountered prominent leaders of various movements.","One of those encounters, José Guerra Alemán climbed the Mountains of Sierra Maestra, in the province of East of the Island of Cuba to interview Fidel Castro and Che Guevara. Under the agency of his company, CINEPERIODICO, he personally knew these men and those who were a part of the guerillas during the Cuban Revolution. In 1950, he worked with José García and Eduardo Hernández (Guayo) in the same company. José Guerra Alemán directed films such as Sangre Y Esperanza: La Cuba de Hoy (Blood and Hope: the Cuba of Today and El Gran Recuento (The Great Story). He also took the position as the Senior Vice President of Guastella Film Producers Inc., an advertising firm in Puerto Rico, where he did similar works until he retired in 1990. This included the creation of historical documentary films.","With his interest in Cuba's history and living at a time of historical changes in Cuba, he wrote extensive materials along those themes. He wrote Aún Hay Luna En Los Cerros, Ensayos (Las Mayorías Discriminadas): En Defensa de la Mujer, Barro y Cenizas (Díalogos con Fidel Castro y el Che Guevara), and Juro Pero No Prometo (Biografía de su Abuelo el General José Braulio Alemán). His major work composes four volumes of encyclopedias called Cuba Infinita. Each book contains specific chronological decades and starts from 1855, when the first photographs of the city were available by American artist Fredericks De Forest, to 1958, when the Republic collapsed. The volumes includes more than a thousand selected photos of the history of Cuba, from colonial times to the Spanish American War. The reader walks through time and gets to see the transformation of Cuba. He included photographs received by family, friends, colleagues and what he collected from his travels. He also was inspired and guided from the work called La Enciclopedia de Cuba.","Understanding where his family came from and knowing the other members of his family tree can provide a part of José Guerra Alemán's identity. Jose Guerra Alemán's maternal bloodline had a huge role in the movement toward Cuba's independence against colonialism and imperialism. His grandfather named José Braulio Guerra Alemán fought in the Spanish-American War as a Cuban Brigadier General and was the principal author to the Constitution of Cuba proclaimed at Yara in 1896. He worked as a lawyer, newspaper owner, advocate of the liberation of Cuba, senator and governor for the province of Las Villas, minister of Education and ambassador to Mexico. His half uncle, José Manuel Alemán, served in the Cuban government as Minister of Education during the presidency of Dr. Ramón Grau San Martin, president of the Authentic Party (Partido Auténtico) in La Habana, and Senator of the Republic. His family went through three generations of leaders and fighters for Cuban independence through revolutions or preserving its history and culture.","He rested on February 22, 2013 in Miami, Florida. He survived his wife named Lidia Llano who he married on September 22, 1945 and left a son named Carlos Guerra Llano. He left a mark of what he had done, significant work in Cuba's history. However, he has not been given as much attention as he deserves in any setting, especially in academia. It is the many aspects of unknown history and researching the people from below like Alemán. He was a Cuban, veteran, journalist, nontraditional historian, and founder of a journalist business.","Materials are housed in acid free folders and boxes; photographs and negatives were placed in clear sleeves; publications removed from the collection and cataloged separately.","Books collected by José Guerra Alemán can be found by performing a series search for \"José Guerra Alemán Collection\" in the UCF Libraries catalog.","This collection was arranged in seven series:","\nSeries I. Manuscripts, 1915-2013, Undated, includes notes that Alemán took on varieties of subjects. His interests ranged from the origin of words and meaning of phrases to his summaries and interpretations of authors' works.","\nSeries II: Research Files, 1898-2012, Undated, holds a combination of newspapers, images, and works of others where Alemán used for the publication of Cuba Infinita and his work on Cuban and Latin American history, involving their relations to other countries.","\nSeries III: Publications, 1987-2008, Undated, contains his writings that has drafts of his published work, his articles from newspapers, and promotional materials advertising his works.","\nSeries IV: Personal Files, 1887-2011, Undated, provides letters between Aleman and his family members and between Aleman and business workers. They share insight of Aleman's genealogy and Aleman's work ethic. Series also includes various maps and postcards. ","\nSeries V: Visual Materials, Circa 1900-Circa 2000, Undated, includes photographs and negatives of José G. Alemán and his relatives; overseas trips as a Journalist; and images of Cuba, cubans, and public buildings. Series also includes a CD of \"Fidel Castro: La Historia Lo Absolvera\" and another CD contains a song from Marisela Verena \"Mi Pinar del Rio\".","\nSeries VI: Memorabilia, 1926-1977, Undated, comprises hats from different places that Aleman travelled, identification cards, and a lottery ticket from Republic of Cuba, 1949.","\nSeries VII: Oversize Materials, 1958-2008, Undated, includes large maps of various countries, posters, a proof sheet for Cuba Infinita, and a game card \"La Charada Cubana.\"","Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder.","The collection is filled with Cuban history and researched materials on society's past was created by Cuban and American journalist José Guerra Alemán. The materials range from photographs of his travels to cultural sites and countries to personal notes on literature of other scholars' works and his published books. He is most notable of his published four-volume encyclopedia on Cuban history called Cuba Infinita.","UCF Special Collections","Guerra Alemán, José","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC.098","/repositories/4/resources/204"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1887-2013"],"normalized_title_ssm":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"collection_title_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"collection_ssim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs"],"geogname_ssim":["Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs"],"creator_ssm":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"creator_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"creators_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"places_ssim":["Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated by Carlos Guerra, José Guerra Alemán's son, to the University of Central Florida Libraries in 2014. (CFM2014_07)"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Cuba -- History -- Description and Travel","Cuba -- History -- Pictorial works","correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Cuba -- History -- Description and Travel","Cuba -- History -- Pictorial works","correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["17.5 Linear Feet 20 boxes, 1 Flat File"],"extent_tesim":["17.5 Linear Feet 20 boxes, 1 Flat File"],"genreform_ssim":["correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints"],"date_range_isim":[1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n was born to Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra and Herminia Alem\u0026#xE1;n-Valdes on November 20, 1922 in Cuba. He referred to alternative names such as Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n, his initials J.G.A. and his nickname Pep\u0026#xED;n. Many of his closest friends and family called him as Pep\u0026#xED;n. His family contained of six members that included his three siblings, Maria Vicenta Guerra, Rafael Luis Guerra, and an eldest brother who his name is unknown. His brother, Rafael L. Guerra was born on November 20, 1926 in Habana, Cuba and died on October 2, 1998 in Miami, Florida. His sister, Maria, was born on June 19, 1924 in Habana, Cuba. A year after her brother's death, she died on February 27, 1999 in Miami, Florida. In her later years, she was a homemaker and she never married.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn his early years, he enrolled in the United States military at the age of 20 in 1942. He participated in the 8th Army (Octavo Ej\u0026#xE9;rcito) of EE.UU. (United States). He covered the campaign of the Pacific as the 35th Division of Infantry (35 Divisi\u0026#xF3;n de Infanter\u0026#xED;a) called Divisi\u0026#xF3;n Rel\u0026#xE1;mpago (Lightning Division). He finished training in the military at Fort Dix, Burlington County, New Jersey in the Delaware River region on October of 1946.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOnce he finished his service, he returned to Cuba and founded a company called CINEPERIODICO in 1947. His motivation of starting this company began from his interest in journalism. At the age of 16, he delved into both journalism and short films/news films. He was one of the editors of \u0026#xC9;l Pa\u0026#xED;s, La Habana. These experiences guided him to globally make notorious documentaries and cinematography of actual events and issues. He traveled around the globe. For instance, he registered for a temporary immigration card to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1959 as a journalist. As a result for his traveling, he encountered prominent leaders of various movements.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOne of those encounters, Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n climbed the Mountains of Sierra Maestra, in the province of East of the Island of Cuba to interview Fidel Castro and Che Guevara. Under the agency of his company, CINEPERIODICO, he personally knew these men and those who were a part of the guerillas during the Cuban Revolution. In 1950, he worked with Jos\u0026#xE9; Garc\u0026#xED;a and Eduardo Hern\u0026#xE1;ndez (Guayo) in the same company. Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n directed films such as Sangre Y Esperanza: La Cuba de Hoy (Blood and Hope: the Cuba of Today and El Gran Recuento (The Great Story). He also took the position as the Senior Vice President of Guastella Film Producers Inc., an advertising firm in Puerto Rico, where he did similar works until he retired in 1990. This included the creation of historical documentary films.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWith his interest in Cuba's history and living at a time of historical changes in Cuba, he wrote extensive materials along those themes. He wrote A\u0026#xFA;n Hay Luna En Los Cerros, Ensayos (Las Mayor\u0026#xED;as Discriminadas): En Defensa de la Mujer, Barro y Cenizas (D\u0026#xED;alogos con Fidel Castro y el Che Guevara), and Juro Pero No Prometo (Biograf\u0026#xED;a de su Abuelo el General Jos\u0026#xE9; Braulio Alem\u0026#xE1;n). His major work composes four volumes of encyclopedias called Cuba Infinita. Each book contains specific chronological decades and starts from 1855, when the first photographs of the city were available by American artist Fredericks De Forest, to 1958, when the Republic collapsed. The volumes includes more than a thousand selected photos of the history of Cuba, from colonial times to the Spanish American War. The reader walks through time and gets to see the transformation of Cuba. He included photographs received by family, friends, colleagues and what he collected from his travels. He also was inspired and guided from the work called La Enciclopedia de Cuba.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUnderstanding where his family came from and knowing the other members of his family tree can provide a part of Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n's identity. Jose Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n's maternal bloodline had a huge role in the movement toward Cuba's independence against colonialism and imperialism. His grandfather named Jos\u0026#xE9; Braulio Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n fought in the Spanish-American War as a Cuban Brigadier General and was the principal author to the Constitution of Cuba proclaimed at Yara in 1896. He worked as a lawyer, newspaper owner, advocate of the liberation of Cuba, senator and governor for the province of Las Villas, minister of Education and ambassador to Mexico. His half uncle, Jos\u0026#xE9; Manuel Alem\u0026#xE1;n, served in the Cuban government as Minister of Education during the presidency of Dr. Ram\u0026#xF3;n Grau San Martin, president of the Authentic Party (Partido Aut\u0026#xE9;ntico) in La Habana, and Senator of the Republic. His family went through three generations of leaders and fighters for Cuban independence through revolutions or preserving its history and culture.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe rested on February 22, 2013 in Miami, Florida. He survived his wife named Lidia Llano who he married on September 22, 1945 and left a son named Carlos Guerra Llano. He left a mark of what he had done, significant work in Cuba's history. However, he has not been given as much attention as he deserves in any setting, especially in academia. It is the many aspects of unknown history and researching the people from below like Alem\u0026#xE1;n. He was a Cuban, veteran, journalist, nontraditional historian, and founder of a journalist business.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán was born to José Guerra and Herminia Alemán-Valdes on November 20, 1922 in Cuba. He referred to alternative names such as José Guerra Alemán, his initials J.G.A. and his nickname Pepín. Many of his closest friends and family called him as Pepín. His family contained of six members that included his three siblings, Maria Vicenta Guerra, Rafael Luis Guerra, and an eldest brother who his name is unknown. His brother, Rafael L. Guerra was born on November 20, 1926 in Habana, Cuba and died on October 2, 1998 in Miami, Florida. His sister, Maria, was born on June 19, 1924 in Habana, Cuba. A year after her brother's death, she died on February 27, 1999 in Miami, Florida. In her later years, she was a homemaker and she never married.","In his early years, he enrolled in the United States military at the age of 20 in 1942. He participated in the 8th Army (Octavo Ejército) of EE.UU. (United States). He covered the campaign of the Pacific as the 35th Division of Infantry (35 División de Infantería) called División Relámpago (Lightning Division). He finished training in the military at Fort Dix, Burlington County, New Jersey in the Delaware River region on October of 1946.","Once he finished his service, he returned to Cuba and founded a company called CINEPERIODICO in 1947. His motivation of starting this company began from his interest in journalism. At the age of 16, he delved into both journalism and short films/news films. He was one of the editors of Él País, La Habana. These experiences guided him to globally make notorious documentaries and cinematography of actual events and issues. He traveled around the globe. For instance, he registered for a temporary immigration card to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1959 as a journalist. As a result for his traveling, he encountered prominent leaders of various movements.","One of those encounters, José Guerra Alemán climbed the Mountains of Sierra Maestra, in the province of East of the Island of Cuba to interview Fidel Castro and Che Guevara. Under the agency of his company, CINEPERIODICO, he personally knew these men and those who were a part of the guerillas during the Cuban Revolution. In 1950, he worked with José García and Eduardo Hernández (Guayo) in the same company. José Guerra Alemán directed films such as Sangre Y Esperanza: La Cuba de Hoy (Blood and Hope: the Cuba of Today and El Gran Recuento (The Great Story). He also took the position as the Senior Vice President of Guastella Film Producers Inc., an advertising firm in Puerto Rico, where he did similar works until he retired in 1990. This included the creation of historical documentary films.","With his interest in Cuba's history and living at a time of historical changes in Cuba, he wrote extensive materials along those themes. He wrote Aún Hay Luna En Los Cerros, Ensayos (Las Mayorías Discriminadas): En Defensa de la Mujer, Barro y Cenizas (Díalogos con Fidel Castro y el Che Guevara), and Juro Pero No Prometo (Biografía de su Abuelo el General José Braulio Alemán). His major work composes four volumes of encyclopedias called Cuba Infinita. Each book contains specific chronological decades and starts from 1855, when the first photographs of the city were available by American artist Fredericks De Forest, to 1958, when the Republic collapsed. The volumes includes more than a thousand selected photos of the history of Cuba, from colonial times to the Spanish American War. The reader walks through time and gets to see the transformation of Cuba. He included photographs received by family, friends, colleagues and what he collected from his travels. He also was inspired and guided from the work called La Enciclopedia de Cuba.","Understanding where his family came from and knowing the other members of his family tree can provide a part of José Guerra Alemán's identity. Jose Guerra Alemán's maternal bloodline had a huge role in the movement toward Cuba's independence against colonialism and imperialism. His grandfather named José Braulio Guerra Alemán fought in the Spanish-American War as a Cuban Brigadier General and was the principal author to the Constitution of Cuba proclaimed at Yara in 1896. He worked as a lawyer, newspaper owner, advocate of the liberation of Cuba, senator and governor for the province of Las Villas, minister of Education and ambassador to Mexico. His half uncle, José Manuel Alemán, served in the Cuban government as Minister of Education during the presidency of Dr. Ramón Grau San Martin, president of the Authentic Party (Partido Auténtico) in La Habana, and Senator of the Republic. His family went through three generations of leaders and fighters for Cuban independence through revolutions or preserving its history and culture.","He rested on February 22, 2013 in Miami, Florida. He survived his wife named Lidia Llano who he married on September 22, 1945 and left a son named Carlos Guerra Llano. He left a mark of what he had done, significant work in Cuba's history. However, he has not been given as much attention as he deserves in any setting, especially in academia. It is the many aspects of unknown history and researching the people from below like Alemán. He was a Cuban, veteran, journalist, nontraditional historian, and founder of a journalist business."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n Collection, Special Collections and UniversityArchives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, Special Collections and UniversityArchives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials are housed in acid free folders and boxes; photographs and negatives were placed in clear sleeves; publications removed from the collection and cataloged separately.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Materials are housed in acid free folders and boxes; photographs and negatives were placed in clear sleeves; publications removed from the collection and cataloged separately."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBooks collected by Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n can be found by performing a series search for \"Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n Collection\" in the UCF Libraries catalog.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Books collected by José Guerra Alemán can be found by performing a series search for \"José Guerra Alemán Collection\" in the UCF Libraries catalog."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection was arranged in seven series:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries I. Manuscripts, 1915-2013, Undated, includes notes that Alem\u0026#xE1;n took on varieties of subjects. His interests ranged from the origin of words and meaning of phrases to his summaries and interpretations of authors' works.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries II: Research Files, 1898-2012, Undated, holds a combination of newspapers, images, and works of others where Alem\u0026#xE1;n used for the publication of Cuba Infinita and his work on Cuban and Latin American history, involving their relations to other countries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries III: Publications, 1987-2008, Undated, contains his writings that has drafts of his published work, his articles from newspapers, and promotional materials advertising his works.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries IV: Personal Files, 1887-2011, Undated, provides letters between Aleman and his family members and between Aleman and business workers. They share insight of Aleman's genealogy and Aleman's work ethic. Series also includes various maps and postcards. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries V: Visual Materials, Circa 1900-Circa 2000, Undated, includes photographs and negatives of Jos\u0026#xE9; G. Alem\u0026#xE1;n and his relatives; overseas trips as a Journalist; and images of Cuba, cubans, and public buildings. Series also includes a CD of \"Fidel Castro: La Historia Lo Absolvera\" and another CD contains a song from Marisela Verena \"Mi Pinar del Rio\".\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VI: Memorabilia, 1926-1977, Undated, comprises hats from different places that Aleman travelled, identification cards, and a lottery ticket from Republic of Cuba, 1949.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VII: Oversize Materials, 1958-2008, Undated, includes large maps of various countries, posters, a proof sheet for Cuba Infinita, and a game card \"La Charada Cubana.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection was arranged in seven series:","\nSeries I. Manuscripts, 1915-2013, Undated, includes notes that Alemán took on varieties of subjects. His interests ranged from the origin of words and meaning of phrases to his summaries and interpretations of authors' works.","\nSeries II: Research Files, 1898-2012, Undated, holds a combination of newspapers, images, and works of others where Alemán used for the publication of Cuba Infinita and his work on Cuban and Latin American history, involving their relations to other countries.","\nSeries III: Publications, 1987-2008, Undated, contains his writings that has drafts of his published work, his articles from newspapers, and promotional materials advertising his works.","\nSeries IV: Personal Files, 1887-2011, Undated, provides letters between Aleman and his family members and between Aleman and business workers. They share insight of Aleman's genealogy and Aleman's work ethic. Series also includes various maps and postcards. ","\nSeries V: Visual Materials, Circa 1900-Circa 2000, Undated, includes photographs and negatives of José G. Alemán and his relatives; overseas trips as a Journalist; and images of Cuba, cubans, and public buildings. Series also includes a CD of \"Fidel Castro: La Historia Lo Absolvera\" and another CD contains a song from Marisela Verena \"Mi Pinar del Rio\".","\nSeries VI: Memorabilia, 1926-1977, Undated, comprises hats from different places that Aleman travelled, identification cards, and a lottery ticket from Republic of Cuba, 1949.","\nSeries VII: Oversize Materials, 1958-2008, Undated, includes large maps of various countries, posters, a proof sheet for Cuba Infinita, and a game card \"La Charada Cubana.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e4d41ff341ce7470c0d40282c3f71dd8\"\u003eThe collection is filled with Cuban history and researched materials on society's past was created by Cuban and American journalist Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n. The materials range from photographs of his travels to cultural sites and countries to personal notes on literature of other scholars' works and his published books. He is most notable of his published four-volume encyclopedia on Cuban history called Cuba Infinita.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection is filled with Cuban history and researched materials on society's past was created by Cuban and American journalist José Guerra Alemán. The materials range from photographs of his travels to cultural sites and countries to personal notes on literature of other scholars' works and his published books. He is most notable of his published four-volume encyclopedia on Cuban history called Cuba Infinita."],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Guerra Alemán, José"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":282,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870857755411087360,"_root_":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:03:10.972Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_07c412302c21ae6abf2cf3b2afdb5028"}},{"id":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_b1a2471c7679c48a9ed01517504496d8","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Cuba (2 of 2), 1900's-1990, Undated","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_b1a2471c7679c48a9ed01517504496d8#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_b1a2471c7679c48a9ed01517504496d8","ref_ssm":["aspace_b1a2471c7679c48a9ed01517504496d8","aspace_b1a2471c7679c48a9ed01517504496d8"],"id":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_b1a2471c7679c48a9ed01517504496d8","title_filing_ssi":"Cuba (2 of 2)","title_ssm":["Cuba (2 of 2)"],"title_tesim":["Cuba (2 of 2)"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1900's-1990, Undated"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1900's-1990, Undated"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Cuba (2 of 2), 1900's-1990, Undated"],"text":["Cuba (2 of 2), 1900's-1990, Undated","José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013","Visual Materials, Circa 1900-Circa 2000","Photographs, Circa 1900-Circa 2000","Folder 21","/repositories/4/archival_objects/54116","box 19","folder 21"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_7c7243b4d414f992a8def17111639498","725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_be69d6b0e10bb11fc945713384dde515"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013","Visual Materials, Circa 1900-Circa 2000","Photographs, Circa 1900-Circa 2000"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013","Visual Materials, Circa 1900-Circa 2000","Photographs, Circa 1900-Circa 2000"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Subseries"],"unitid_ssm":["Folder 21","/repositories/4/archival_objects/54116"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":237,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The entire collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder."],"date_range_isim":[1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990],"containers_ssim":["box 19","folder 21"],"_nest_path_":"/components#4/components#0/components#3","_nest_parent_":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_be69d6b0e10bb11fc945713384dde515","_root_":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","_version_":1870857755411087360,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:03:10.972Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","title_ssm":["José Guerra Alemán Collection"],"title_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection"],"ead_ssi":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","unitdate_ssm":["1887-2013"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1887-2013"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC.098","/repositories/4/resources/204"],"text":["SC.098","/repositories/4/resources/204","José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013","Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs","Cuba -- History -- Description and Travel","Cuba -- History -- Pictorial works","correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","The entire collection is open for research.","José Guerra Alemán was born to José Guerra and Herminia Alemán-Valdes on November 20, 1922 in Cuba. He referred to alternative names such as José Guerra Alemán, his initials J.G.A. and his nickname Pepín. Many of his closest friends and family called him as Pepín. His family contained of six members that included his three siblings, Maria Vicenta Guerra, Rafael Luis Guerra, and an eldest brother who his name is unknown. His brother, Rafael L. Guerra was born on November 20, 1926 in Habana, Cuba and died on October 2, 1998 in Miami, Florida. His sister, Maria, was born on June 19, 1924 in Habana, Cuba. A year after her brother's death, she died on February 27, 1999 in Miami, Florida. In her later years, she was a homemaker and she never married.","In his early years, he enrolled in the United States military at the age of 20 in 1942. He participated in the 8th Army (Octavo Ejército) of EE.UU. (United States). He covered the campaign of the Pacific as the 35th Division of Infantry (35 División de Infantería) called División Relámpago (Lightning Division). He finished training in the military at Fort Dix, Burlington County, New Jersey in the Delaware River region on October of 1946.","Once he finished his service, he returned to Cuba and founded a company called CINEPERIODICO in 1947. His motivation of starting this company began from his interest in journalism. At the age of 16, he delved into both journalism and short films/news films. He was one of the editors of Él País, La Habana. These experiences guided him to globally make notorious documentaries and cinematography of actual events and issues. He traveled around the globe. For instance, he registered for a temporary immigration card to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1959 as a journalist. As a result for his traveling, he encountered prominent leaders of various movements.","One of those encounters, José Guerra Alemán climbed the Mountains of Sierra Maestra, in the province of East of the Island of Cuba to interview Fidel Castro and Che Guevara. Under the agency of his company, CINEPERIODICO, he personally knew these men and those who were a part of the guerillas during the Cuban Revolution. In 1950, he worked with José García and Eduardo Hernández (Guayo) in the same company. José Guerra Alemán directed films such as Sangre Y Esperanza: La Cuba de Hoy (Blood and Hope: the Cuba of Today and El Gran Recuento (The Great Story). He also took the position as the Senior Vice President of Guastella Film Producers Inc., an advertising firm in Puerto Rico, where he did similar works until he retired in 1990. This included the creation of historical documentary films.","With his interest in Cuba's history and living at a time of historical changes in Cuba, he wrote extensive materials along those themes. He wrote Aún Hay Luna En Los Cerros, Ensayos (Las Mayorías Discriminadas): En Defensa de la Mujer, Barro y Cenizas (Díalogos con Fidel Castro y el Che Guevara), and Juro Pero No Prometo (Biografía de su Abuelo el General José Braulio Alemán). His major work composes four volumes of encyclopedias called Cuba Infinita. Each book contains specific chronological decades and starts from 1855, when the first photographs of the city were available by American artist Fredericks De Forest, to 1958, when the Republic collapsed. The volumes includes more than a thousand selected photos of the history of Cuba, from colonial times to the Spanish American War. The reader walks through time and gets to see the transformation of Cuba. He included photographs received by family, friends, colleagues and what he collected from his travels. He also was inspired and guided from the work called La Enciclopedia de Cuba.","Understanding where his family came from and knowing the other members of his family tree can provide a part of José Guerra Alemán's identity. Jose Guerra Alemán's maternal bloodline had a huge role in the movement toward Cuba's independence against colonialism and imperialism. His grandfather named José Braulio Guerra Alemán fought in the Spanish-American War as a Cuban Brigadier General and was the principal author to the Constitution of Cuba proclaimed at Yara in 1896. He worked as a lawyer, newspaper owner, advocate of the liberation of Cuba, senator and governor for the province of Las Villas, minister of Education and ambassador to Mexico. His half uncle, José Manuel Alemán, served in the Cuban government as Minister of Education during the presidency of Dr. Ramón Grau San Martin, president of the Authentic Party (Partido Auténtico) in La Habana, and Senator of the Republic. His family went through three generations of leaders and fighters for Cuban independence through revolutions or preserving its history and culture.","He rested on February 22, 2013 in Miami, Florida. He survived his wife named Lidia Llano who he married on September 22, 1945 and left a son named Carlos Guerra Llano. He left a mark of what he had done, significant work in Cuba's history. However, he has not been given as much attention as he deserves in any setting, especially in academia. It is the many aspects of unknown history and researching the people from below like Alemán. He was a Cuban, veteran, journalist, nontraditional historian, and founder of a journalist business.","Materials are housed in acid free folders and boxes; photographs and negatives were placed in clear sleeves; publications removed from the collection and cataloged separately.","Books collected by José Guerra Alemán can be found by performing a series search for \"José Guerra Alemán Collection\" in the UCF Libraries catalog.","This collection was arranged in seven series:","\nSeries I. Manuscripts, 1915-2013, Undated, includes notes that Alemán took on varieties of subjects. His interests ranged from the origin of words and meaning of phrases to his summaries and interpretations of authors' works.","\nSeries II: Research Files, 1898-2012, Undated, holds a combination of newspapers, images, and works of others where Alemán used for the publication of Cuba Infinita and his work on Cuban and Latin American history, involving their relations to other countries.","\nSeries III: Publications, 1987-2008, Undated, contains his writings that has drafts of his published work, his articles from newspapers, and promotional materials advertising his works.","\nSeries IV: Personal Files, 1887-2011, Undated, provides letters between Aleman and his family members and between Aleman and business workers. They share insight of Aleman's genealogy and Aleman's work ethic. Series also includes various maps and postcards. ","\nSeries V: Visual Materials, Circa 1900-Circa 2000, Undated, includes photographs and negatives of José G. Alemán and his relatives; overseas trips as a Journalist; and images of Cuba, cubans, and public buildings. Series also includes a CD of \"Fidel Castro: La Historia Lo Absolvera\" and another CD contains a song from Marisela Verena \"Mi Pinar del Rio\".","\nSeries VI: Memorabilia, 1926-1977, Undated, comprises hats from different places that Aleman travelled, identification cards, and a lottery ticket from Republic of Cuba, 1949.","\nSeries VII: Oversize Materials, 1958-2008, Undated, includes large maps of various countries, posters, a proof sheet for Cuba Infinita, and a game card \"La Charada Cubana.\"","Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder.","The collection is filled with Cuban history and researched materials on society's past was created by Cuban and American journalist José Guerra Alemán. The materials range from photographs of his travels to cultural sites and countries to personal notes on literature of other scholars' works and his published books. He is most notable of his published four-volume encyclopedia on Cuban history called Cuba Infinita.","UCF Special Collections","Guerra Alemán, José","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC.098","/repositories/4/resources/204"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1887-2013"],"normalized_title_ssm":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"collection_title_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"collection_ssim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs"],"geogname_ssim":["Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs"],"creator_ssm":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"creator_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"creators_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"places_ssim":["Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated by Carlos Guerra, José Guerra Alemán's son, to the University of Central Florida Libraries in 2014. (CFM2014_07)"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Cuba -- History -- Description and Travel","Cuba -- History -- Pictorial works","correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Cuba -- History -- Description and Travel","Cuba -- History -- Pictorial works","correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["17.5 Linear Feet 20 boxes, 1 Flat File"],"extent_tesim":["17.5 Linear Feet 20 boxes, 1 Flat File"],"genreform_ssim":["correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints"],"date_range_isim":[1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n was born to Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra and Herminia Alem\u0026#xE1;n-Valdes on November 20, 1922 in Cuba. He referred to alternative names such as Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n, his initials J.G.A. and his nickname Pep\u0026#xED;n. Many of his closest friends and family called him as Pep\u0026#xED;n. His family contained of six members that included his three siblings, Maria Vicenta Guerra, Rafael Luis Guerra, and an eldest brother who his name is unknown. His brother, Rafael L. Guerra was born on November 20, 1926 in Habana, Cuba and died on October 2, 1998 in Miami, Florida. His sister, Maria, was born on June 19, 1924 in Habana, Cuba. A year after her brother's death, she died on February 27, 1999 in Miami, Florida. In her later years, she was a homemaker and she never married.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn his early years, he enrolled in the United States military at the age of 20 in 1942. He participated in the 8th Army (Octavo Ej\u0026#xE9;rcito) of EE.UU. (United States). He covered the campaign of the Pacific as the 35th Division of Infantry (35 Divisi\u0026#xF3;n de Infanter\u0026#xED;a) called Divisi\u0026#xF3;n Rel\u0026#xE1;mpago (Lightning Division). He finished training in the military at Fort Dix, Burlington County, New Jersey in the Delaware River region on October of 1946.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOnce he finished his service, he returned to Cuba and founded a company called CINEPERIODICO in 1947. His motivation of starting this company began from his interest in journalism. At the age of 16, he delved into both journalism and short films/news films. He was one of the editors of \u0026#xC9;l Pa\u0026#xED;s, La Habana. These experiences guided him to globally make notorious documentaries and cinematography of actual events and issues. He traveled around the globe. For instance, he registered for a temporary immigration card to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1959 as a journalist. As a result for his traveling, he encountered prominent leaders of various movements.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOne of those encounters, Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n climbed the Mountains of Sierra Maestra, in the province of East of the Island of Cuba to interview Fidel Castro and Che Guevara. Under the agency of his company, CINEPERIODICO, he personally knew these men and those who were a part of the guerillas during the Cuban Revolution. In 1950, he worked with Jos\u0026#xE9; Garc\u0026#xED;a and Eduardo Hern\u0026#xE1;ndez (Guayo) in the same company. Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n directed films such as Sangre Y Esperanza: La Cuba de Hoy (Blood and Hope: the Cuba of Today and El Gran Recuento (The Great Story). He also took the position as the Senior Vice President of Guastella Film Producers Inc., an advertising firm in Puerto Rico, where he did similar works until he retired in 1990. This included the creation of historical documentary films.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWith his interest in Cuba's history and living at a time of historical changes in Cuba, he wrote extensive materials along those themes. He wrote A\u0026#xFA;n Hay Luna En Los Cerros, Ensayos (Las Mayor\u0026#xED;as Discriminadas): En Defensa de la Mujer, Barro y Cenizas (D\u0026#xED;alogos con Fidel Castro y el Che Guevara), and Juro Pero No Prometo (Biograf\u0026#xED;a de su Abuelo el General Jos\u0026#xE9; Braulio Alem\u0026#xE1;n). His major work composes four volumes of encyclopedias called Cuba Infinita. Each book contains specific chronological decades and starts from 1855, when the first photographs of the city were available by American artist Fredericks De Forest, to 1958, when the Republic collapsed. The volumes includes more than a thousand selected photos of the history of Cuba, from colonial times to the Spanish American War. The reader walks through time and gets to see the transformation of Cuba. He included photographs received by family, friends, colleagues and what he collected from his travels. He also was inspired and guided from the work called La Enciclopedia de Cuba.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUnderstanding where his family came from and knowing the other members of his family tree can provide a part of Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n's identity. Jose Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n's maternal bloodline had a huge role in the movement toward Cuba's independence against colonialism and imperialism. His grandfather named Jos\u0026#xE9; Braulio Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n fought in the Spanish-American War as a Cuban Brigadier General and was the principal author to the Constitution of Cuba proclaimed at Yara in 1896. He worked as a lawyer, newspaper owner, advocate of the liberation of Cuba, senator and governor for the province of Las Villas, minister of Education and ambassador to Mexico. His half uncle, Jos\u0026#xE9; Manuel Alem\u0026#xE1;n, served in the Cuban government as Minister of Education during the presidency of Dr. Ram\u0026#xF3;n Grau San Martin, president of the Authentic Party (Partido Aut\u0026#xE9;ntico) in La Habana, and Senator of the Republic. His family went through three generations of leaders and fighters for Cuban independence through revolutions or preserving its history and culture.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe rested on February 22, 2013 in Miami, Florida. He survived his wife named Lidia Llano who he married on September 22, 1945 and left a son named Carlos Guerra Llano. He left a mark of what he had done, significant work in Cuba's history. However, he has not been given as much attention as he deserves in any setting, especially in academia. It is the many aspects of unknown history and researching the people from below like Alem\u0026#xE1;n. He was a Cuban, veteran, journalist, nontraditional historian, and founder of a journalist business.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán was born to José Guerra and Herminia Alemán-Valdes on November 20, 1922 in Cuba. He referred to alternative names such as José Guerra Alemán, his initials J.G.A. and his nickname Pepín. Many of his closest friends and family called him as Pepín. His family contained of six members that included his three siblings, Maria Vicenta Guerra, Rafael Luis Guerra, and an eldest brother who his name is unknown. His brother, Rafael L. Guerra was born on November 20, 1926 in Habana, Cuba and died on October 2, 1998 in Miami, Florida. His sister, Maria, was born on June 19, 1924 in Habana, Cuba. A year after her brother's death, she died on February 27, 1999 in Miami, Florida. In her later years, she was a homemaker and she never married.","In his early years, he enrolled in the United States military at the age of 20 in 1942. He participated in the 8th Army (Octavo Ejército) of EE.UU. (United States). He covered the campaign of the Pacific as the 35th Division of Infantry (35 División de Infantería) called División Relámpago (Lightning Division). He finished training in the military at Fort Dix, Burlington County, New Jersey in the Delaware River region on October of 1946.","Once he finished his service, he returned to Cuba and founded a company called CINEPERIODICO in 1947. His motivation of starting this company began from his interest in journalism. At the age of 16, he delved into both journalism and short films/news films. He was one of the editors of Él País, La Habana. These experiences guided him to globally make notorious documentaries and cinematography of actual events and issues. He traveled around the globe. For instance, he registered for a temporary immigration card to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1959 as a journalist. As a result for his traveling, he encountered prominent leaders of various movements.","One of those encounters, José Guerra Alemán climbed the Mountains of Sierra Maestra, in the province of East of the Island of Cuba to interview Fidel Castro and Che Guevara. Under the agency of his company, CINEPERIODICO, he personally knew these men and those who were a part of the guerillas during the Cuban Revolution. In 1950, he worked with José García and Eduardo Hernández (Guayo) in the same company. José Guerra Alemán directed films such as Sangre Y Esperanza: La Cuba de Hoy (Blood and Hope: the Cuba of Today and El Gran Recuento (The Great Story). He also took the position as the Senior Vice President of Guastella Film Producers Inc., an advertising firm in Puerto Rico, where he did similar works until he retired in 1990. This included the creation of historical documentary films.","With his interest in Cuba's history and living at a time of historical changes in Cuba, he wrote extensive materials along those themes. He wrote Aún Hay Luna En Los Cerros, Ensayos (Las Mayorías Discriminadas): En Defensa de la Mujer, Barro y Cenizas (Díalogos con Fidel Castro y el Che Guevara), and Juro Pero No Prometo (Biografía de su Abuelo el General José Braulio Alemán). His major work composes four volumes of encyclopedias called Cuba Infinita. Each book contains specific chronological decades and starts from 1855, when the first photographs of the city were available by American artist Fredericks De Forest, to 1958, when the Republic collapsed. The volumes includes more than a thousand selected photos of the history of Cuba, from colonial times to the Spanish American War. The reader walks through time and gets to see the transformation of Cuba. He included photographs received by family, friends, colleagues and what he collected from his travels. He also was inspired and guided from the work called La Enciclopedia de Cuba.","Understanding where his family came from and knowing the other members of his family tree can provide a part of José Guerra Alemán's identity. Jose Guerra Alemán's maternal bloodline had a huge role in the movement toward Cuba's independence against colonialism and imperialism. His grandfather named José Braulio Guerra Alemán fought in the Spanish-American War as a Cuban Brigadier General and was the principal author to the Constitution of Cuba proclaimed at Yara in 1896. He worked as a lawyer, newspaper owner, advocate of the liberation of Cuba, senator and governor for the province of Las Villas, minister of Education and ambassador to Mexico. His half uncle, José Manuel Alemán, served in the Cuban government as Minister of Education during the presidency of Dr. Ramón Grau San Martin, president of the Authentic Party (Partido Auténtico) in La Habana, and Senator of the Republic. His family went through three generations of leaders and fighters for Cuban independence through revolutions or preserving its history and culture.","He rested on February 22, 2013 in Miami, Florida. He survived his wife named Lidia Llano who he married on September 22, 1945 and left a son named Carlos Guerra Llano. He left a mark of what he had done, significant work in Cuba's history. However, he has not been given as much attention as he deserves in any setting, especially in academia. It is the many aspects of unknown history and researching the people from below like Alemán. He was a Cuban, veteran, journalist, nontraditional historian, and founder of a journalist business."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n Collection, Special Collections and UniversityArchives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, Special Collections and UniversityArchives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials are housed in acid free folders and boxes; photographs and negatives were placed in clear sleeves; publications removed from the collection and cataloged separately.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Materials are housed in acid free folders and boxes; photographs and negatives were placed in clear sleeves; publications removed from the collection and cataloged separately."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBooks collected by Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n can be found by performing a series search for \"Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n Collection\" in the UCF Libraries catalog.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Books collected by José Guerra Alemán can be found by performing a series search for \"José Guerra Alemán Collection\" in the UCF Libraries catalog."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection was arranged in seven series:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries I. Manuscripts, 1915-2013, Undated, includes notes that Alem\u0026#xE1;n took on varieties of subjects. His interests ranged from the origin of words and meaning of phrases to his summaries and interpretations of authors' works.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries II: Research Files, 1898-2012, Undated, holds a combination of newspapers, images, and works of others where Alem\u0026#xE1;n used for the publication of Cuba Infinita and his work on Cuban and Latin American history, involving their relations to other countries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries III: Publications, 1987-2008, Undated, contains his writings that has drafts of his published work, his articles from newspapers, and promotional materials advertising his works.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries IV: Personal Files, 1887-2011, Undated, provides letters between Aleman and his family members and between Aleman and business workers. They share insight of Aleman's genealogy and Aleman's work ethic. Series also includes various maps and postcards. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries V: Visual Materials, Circa 1900-Circa 2000, Undated, includes photographs and negatives of Jos\u0026#xE9; G. Alem\u0026#xE1;n and his relatives; overseas trips as a Journalist; and images of Cuba, cubans, and public buildings. Series also includes a CD of \"Fidel Castro: La Historia Lo Absolvera\" and another CD contains a song from Marisela Verena \"Mi Pinar del Rio\".\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VI: Memorabilia, 1926-1977, Undated, comprises hats from different places that Aleman travelled, identification cards, and a lottery ticket from Republic of Cuba, 1949.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VII: Oversize Materials, 1958-2008, Undated, includes large maps of various countries, posters, a proof sheet for Cuba Infinita, and a game card \"La Charada Cubana.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection was arranged in seven series:","\nSeries I. Manuscripts, 1915-2013, Undated, includes notes that Alemán took on varieties of subjects. His interests ranged from the origin of words and meaning of phrases to his summaries and interpretations of authors' works.","\nSeries II: Research Files, 1898-2012, Undated, holds a combination of newspapers, images, and works of others where Alemán used for the publication of Cuba Infinita and his work on Cuban and Latin American history, involving their relations to other countries.","\nSeries III: Publications, 1987-2008, Undated, contains his writings that has drafts of his published work, his articles from newspapers, and promotional materials advertising his works.","\nSeries IV: Personal Files, 1887-2011, Undated, provides letters between Aleman and his family members and between Aleman and business workers. They share insight of Aleman's genealogy and Aleman's work ethic. Series also includes various maps and postcards. ","\nSeries V: Visual Materials, Circa 1900-Circa 2000, Undated, includes photographs and negatives of José G. Alemán and his relatives; overseas trips as a Journalist; and images of Cuba, cubans, and public buildings. Series also includes a CD of \"Fidel Castro: La Historia Lo Absolvera\" and another CD contains a song from Marisela Verena \"Mi Pinar del Rio\".","\nSeries VI: Memorabilia, 1926-1977, Undated, comprises hats from different places that Aleman travelled, identification cards, and a lottery ticket from Republic of Cuba, 1949.","\nSeries VII: Oversize Materials, 1958-2008, Undated, includes large maps of various countries, posters, a proof sheet for Cuba Infinita, and a game card \"La Charada Cubana.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e4d41ff341ce7470c0d40282c3f71dd8\"\u003eThe collection is filled with Cuban history and researched materials on society's past was created by Cuban and American journalist Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n. The materials range from photographs of his travels to cultural sites and countries to personal notes on literature of other scholars' works and his published books. He is most notable of his published four-volume encyclopedia on Cuban history called Cuba Infinita.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection is filled with Cuban history and researched materials on society's past was created by Cuban and American journalist José Guerra Alemán. The materials range from photographs of his travels to cultural sites and countries to personal notes on literature of other scholars' works and his published books. He is most notable of his published four-volume encyclopedia on Cuban history called Cuba Infinita."],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Guerra Alemán, José"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":282,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870857755411087360,"_root_":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:03:10.972Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_b1a2471c7679c48a9ed01517504496d8"}},{"id":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_14dceb6ba8dcfd42777f96ec8f1c888b","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Cuba (4 of 5), 1953-1997, Undated","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_14dceb6ba8dcfd42777f96ec8f1c888b#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_14dceb6ba8dcfd42777f96ec8f1c888b","ref_ssm":["aspace_14dceb6ba8dcfd42777f96ec8f1c888b","aspace_14dceb6ba8dcfd42777f96ec8f1c888b"],"id":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_14dceb6ba8dcfd42777f96ec8f1c888b","title_filing_ssi":"Cuba (4 of 5)","title_ssm":["Cuba (4 of 5)"],"title_tesim":["Cuba (4 of 5)"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1953-1997, Undated "],"normalized_date_ssm":["1953-1997, Undated"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Cuba (4 of 5), 1953-1997, Undated"],"text":["Cuba (4 of 5), 1953-1997, Undated","José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013","Manuscripts, 1915-2013, Undated","Social, Political, and Cultural History, 1922-2013, Undated","Folder 6","/repositories/4/archival_objects/53944","box 5","folder 6"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_c169fb1b4abcdaaa416e683d4329daa8","725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_46d087b954c4efe5eb376c3eb0800b41"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013","Manuscripts, 1915-2013, Undated","Social, Political, and Cultural History, 1922-2013, Undated"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013","Manuscripts, 1915-2013, Undated","Social, Political, and Cultural History, 1922-2013, Undated"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Subseries"],"unitid_ssm":["Folder 6","/repositories/4/archival_objects/53944"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":66,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The entire collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder."],"date_range_isim":[1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997],"containers_ssim":["box 5","folder 6"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#2/components#9","_nest_parent_":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_46d087b954c4efe5eb376c3eb0800b41","_root_":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","_version_":1870857755411087360,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:03:10.972Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","title_ssm":["José Guerra Alemán Collection"],"title_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection"],"ead_ssi":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","unitdate_ssm":["1887-2013"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1887-2013"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC.098","/repositories/4/resources/204"],"text":["SC.098","/repositories/4/resources/204","José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013","Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs","Cuba -- History -- Description and Travel","Cuba -- History -- Pictorial works","correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","The entire collection is open for research.","José Guerra Alemán was born to José Guerra and Herminia Alemán-Valdes on November 20, 1922 in Cuba. He referred to alternative names such as José Guerra Alemán, his initials J.G.A. and his nickname Pepín. Many of his closest friends and family called him as Pepín. His family contained of six members that included his three siblings, Maria Vicenta Guerra, Rafael Luis Guerra, and an eldest brother who his name is unknown. His brother, Rafael L. Guerra was born on November 20, 1926 in Habana, Cuba and died on October 2, 1998 in Miami, Florida. His sister, Maria, was born on June 19, 1924 in Habana, Cuba. A year after her brother's death, she died on February 27, 1999 in Miami, Florida. In her later years, she was a homemaker and she never married.","In his early years, he enrolled in the United States military at the age of 20 in 1942. He participated in the 8th Army (Octavo Ejército) of EE.UU. (United States). He covered the campaign of the Pacific as the 35th Division of Infantry (35 División de Infantería) called División Relámpago (Lightning Division). He finished training in the military at Fort Dix, Burlington County, New Jersey in the Delaware River region on October of 1946.","Once he finished his service, he returned to Cuba and founded a company called CINEPERIODICO in 1947. His motivation of starting this company began from his interest in journalism. At the age of 16, he delved into both journalism and short films/news films. He was one of the editors of Él País, La Habana. These experiences guided him to globally make notorious documentaries and cinematography of actual events and issues. He traveled around the globe. For instance, he registered for a temporary immigration card to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1959 as a journalist. As a result for his traveling, he encountered prominent leaders of various movements.","One of those encounters, José Guerra Alemán climbed the Mountains of Sierra Maestra, in the province of East of the Island of Cuba to interview Fidel Castro and Che Guevara. Under the agency of his company, CINEPERIODICO, he personally knew these men and those who were a part of the guerillas during the Cuban Revolution. In 1950, he worked with José García and Eduardo Hernández (Guayo) in the same company. José Guerra Alemán directed films such as Sangre Y Esperanza: La Cuba de Hoy (Blood and Hope: the Cuba of Today and El Gran Recuento (The Great Story). He also took the position as the Senior Vice President of Guastella Film Producers Inc., an advertising firm in Puerto Rico, where he did similar works until he retired in 1990. This included the creation of historical documentary films.","With his interest in Cuba's history and living at a time of historical changes in Cuba, he wrote extensive materials along those themes. He wrote Aún Hay Luna En Los Cerros, Ensayos (Las Mayorías Discriminadas): En Defensa de la Mujer, Barro y Cenizas (Díalogos con Fidel Castro y el Che Guevara), and Juro Pero No Prometo (Biografía de su Abuelo el General José Braulio Alemán). His major work composes four volumes of encyclopedias called Cuba Infinita. Each book contains specific chronological decades and starts from 1855, when the first photographs of the city were available by American artist Fredericks De Forest, to 1958, when the Republic collapsed. The volumes includes more than a thousand selected photos of the history of Cuba, from colonial times to the Spanish American War. The reader walks through time and gets to see the transformation of Cuba. He included photographs received by family, friends, colleagues and what he collected from his travels. He also was inspired and guided from the work called La Enciclopedia de Cuba.","Understanding where his family came from and knowing the other members of his family tree can provide a part of José Guerra Alemán's identity. Jose Guerra Alemán's maternal bloodline had a huge role in the movement toward Cuba's independence against colonialism and imperialism. His grandfather named José Braulio Guerra Alemán fought in the Spanish-American War as a Cuban Brigadier General and was the principal author to the Constitution of Cuba proclaimed at Yara in 1896. He worked as a lawyer, newspaper owner, advocate of the liberation of Cuba, senator and governor for the province of Las Villas, minister of Education and ambassador to Mexico. His half uncle, José Manuel Alemán, served in the Cuban government as Minister of Education during the presidency of Dr. Ramón Grau San Martin, president of the Authentic Party (Partido Auténtico) in La Habana, and Senator of the Republic. His family went through three generations of leaders and fighters for Cuban independence through revolutions or preserving its history and culture.","He rested on February 22, 2013 in Miami, Florida. He survived his wife named Lidia Llano who he married on September 22, 1945 and left a son named Carlos Guerra Llano. He left a mark of what he had done, significant work in Cuba's history. However, he has not been given as much attention as he deserves in any setting, especially in academia. It is the many aspects of unknown history and researching the people from below like Alemán. He was a Cuban, veteran, journalist, nontraditional historian, and founder of a journalist business.","Materials are housed in acid free folders and boxes; photographs and negatives were placed in clear sleeves; publications removed from the collection and cataloged separately.","Books collected by José Guerra Alemán can be found by performing a series search for \"José Guerra Alemán Collection\" in the UCF Libraries catalog.","This collection was arranged in seven series:","\nSeries I. Manuscripts, 1915-2013, Undated, includes notes that Alemán took on varieties of subjects. His interests ranged from the origin of words and meaning of phrases to his summaries and interpretations of authors' works.","\nSeries II: Research Files, 1898-2012, Undated, holds a combination of newspapers, images, and works of others where Alemán used for the publication of Cuba Infinita and his work on Cuban and Latin American history, involving their relations to other countries.","\nSeries III: Publications, 1987-2008, Undated, contains his writings that has drafts of his published work, his articles from newspapers, and promotional materials advertising his works.","\nSeries IV: Personal Files, 1887-2011, Undated, provides letters between Aleman and his family members and between Aleman and business workers. They share insight of Aleman's genealogy and Aleman's work ethic. Series also includes various maps and postcards. ","\nSeries V: Visual Materials, Circa 1900-Circa 2000, Undated, includes photographs and negatives of José G. Alemán and his relatives; overseas trips as a Journalist; and images of Cuba, cubans, and public buildings. Series also includes a CD of \"Fidel Castro: La Historia Lo Absolvera\" and another CD contains a song from Marisela Verena \"Mi Pinar del Rio\".","\nSeries VI: Memorabilia, 1926-1977, Undated, comprises hats from different places that Aleman travelled, identification cards, and a lottery ticket from Republic of Cuba, 1949.","\nSeries VII: Oversize Materials, 1958-2008, Undated, includes large maps of various countries, posters, a proof sheet for Cuba Infinita, and a game card \"La Charada Cubana.\"","Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder.","The collection is filled with Cuban history and researched materials on society's past was created by Cuban and American journalist José Guerra Alemán. The materials range from photographs of his travels to cultural sites and countries to personal notes on literature of other scholars' works and his published books. He is most notable of his published four-volume encyclopedia on Cuban history called Cuba Infinita.","UCF Special Collections","Guerra Alemán, José","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC.098","/repositories/4/resources/204"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1887-2013"],"normalized_title_ssm":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"collection_title_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"collection_ssim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs"],"geogname_ssim":["Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs"],"creator_ssm":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"creator_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"creators_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"places_ssim":["Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated by Carlos Guerra, José Guerra Alemán's son, to the University of Central Florida Libraries in 2014. (CFM2014_07)"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Cuba -- History -- Description and Travel","Cuba -- History -- Pictorial works","correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Cuba -- History -- Description and Travel","Cuba -- History -- Pictorial works","correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["17.5 Linear Feet 20 boxes, 1 Flat File"],"extent_tesim":["17.5 Linear Feet 20 boxes, 1 Flat File"],"genreform_ssim":["correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints"],"date_range_isim":[1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n was born to Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra and Herminia Alem\u0026#xE1;n-Valdes on November 20, 1922 in Cuba. He referred to alternative names such as Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n, his initials J.G.A. and his nickname Pep\u0026#xED;n. Many of his closest friends and family called him as Pep\u0026#xED;n. His family contained of six members that included his three siblings, Maria Vicenta Guerra, Rafael Luis Guerra, and an eldest brother who his name is unknown. His brother, Rafael L. Guerra was born on November 20, 1926 in Habana, Cuba and died on October 2, 1998 in Miami, Florida. His sister, Maria, was born on June 19, 1924 in Habana, Cuba. A year after her brother's death, she died on February 27, 1999 in Miami, Florida. In her later years, she was a homemaker and she never married.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn his early years, he enrolled in the United States military at the age of 20 in 1942. He participated in the 8th Army (Octavo Ej\u0026#xE9;rcito) of EE.UU. (United States). He covered the campaign of the Pacific as the 35th Division of Infantry (35 Divisi\u0026#xF3;n de Infanter\u0026#xED;a) called Divisi\u0026#xF3;n Rel\u0026#xE1;mpago (Lightning Division). He finished training in the military at Fort Dix, Burlington County, New Jersey in the Delaware River region on October of 1946.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOnce he finished his service, he returned to Cuba and founded a company called CINEPERIODICO in 1947. His motivation of starting this company began from his interest in journalism. At the age of 16, he delved into both journalism and short films/news films. He was one of the editors of \u0026#xC9;l Pa\u0026#xED;s, La Habana. These experiences guided him to globally make notorious documentaries and cinematography of actual events and issues. He traveled around the globe. For instance, he registered for a temporary immigration card to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1959 as a journalist. As a result for his traveling, he encountered prominent leaders of various movements.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOne of those encounters, Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n climbed the Mountains of Sierra Maestra, in the province of East of the Island of Cuba to interview Fidel Castro and Che Guevara. Under the agency of his company, CINEPERIODICO, he personally knew these men and those who were a part of the guerillas during the Cuban Revolution. In 1950, he worked with Jos\u0026#xE9; Garc\u0026#xED;a and Eduardo Hern\u0026#xE1;ndez (Guayo) in the same company. Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n directed films such as Sangre Y Esperanza: La Cuba de Hoy (Blood and Hope: the Cuba of Today and El Gran Recuento (The Great Story). He also took the position as the Senior Vice President of Guastella Film Producers Inc., an advertising firm in Puerto Rico, where he did similar works until he retired in 1990. This included the creation of historical documentary films.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWith his interest in Cuba's history and living at a time of historical changes in Cuba, he wrote extensive materials along those themes. He wrote A\u0026#xFA;n Hay Luna En Los Cerros, Ensayos (Las Mayor\u0026#xED;as Discriminadas): En Defensa de la Mujer, Barro y Cenizas (D\u0026#xED;alogos con Fidel Castro y el Che Guevara), and Juro Pero No Prometo (Biograf\u0026#xED;a de su Abuelo el General Jos\u0026#xE9; Braulio Alem\u0026#xE1;n). His major work composes four volumes of encyclopedias called Cuba Infinita. Each book contains specific chronological decades and starts from 1855, when the first photographs of the city were available by American artist Fredericks De Forest, to 1958, when the Republic collapsed. The volumes includes more than a thousand selected photos of the history of Cuba, from colonial times to the Spanish American War. The reader walks through time and gets to see the transformation of Cuba. He included photographs received by family, friends, colleagues and what he collected from his travels. He also was inspired and guided from the work called La Enciclopedia de Cuba.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUnderstanding where his family came from and knowing the other members of his family tree can provide a part of Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n's identity. Jose Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n's maternal bloodline had a huge role in the movement toward Cuba's independence against colonialism and imperialism. His grandfather named Jos\u0026#xE9; Braulio Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n fought in the Spanish-American War as a Cuban Brigadier General and was the principal author to the Constitution of Cuba proclaimed at Yara in 1896. He worked as a lawyer, newspaper owner, advocate of the liberation of Cuba, senator and governor for the province of Las Villas, minister of Education and ambassador to Mexico. His half uncle, Jos\u0026#xE9; Manuel Alem\u0026#xE1;n, served in the Cuban government as Minister of Education during the presidency of Dr. Ram\u0026#xF3;n Grau San Martin, president of the Authentic Party (Partido Aut\u0026#xE9;ntico) in La Habana, and Senator of the Republic. His family went through three generations of leaders and fighters for Cuban independence through revolutions or preserving its history and culture.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe rested on February 22, 2013 in Miami, Florida. He survived his wife named Lidia Llano who he married on September 22, 1945 and left a son named Carlos Guerra Llano. He left a mark of what he had done, significant work in Cuba's history. However, he has not been given as much attention as he deserves in any setting, especially in academia. It is the many aspects of unknown history and researching the people from below like Alem\u0026#xE1;n. He was a Cuban, veteran, journalist, nontraditional historian, and founder of a journalist business.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán was born to José Guerra and Herminia Alemán-Valdes on November 20, 1922 in Cuba. He referred to alternative names such as José Guerra Alemán, his initials J.G.A. and his nickname Pepín. Many of his closest friends and family called him as Pepín. His family contained of six members that included his three siblings, Maria Vicenta Guerra, Rafael Luis Guerra, and an eldest brother who his name is unknown. His brother, Rafael L. Guerra was born on November 20, 1926 in Habana, Cuba and died on October 2, 1998 in Miami, Florida. His sister, Maria, was born on June 19, 1924 in Habana, Cuba. A year after her brother's death, she died on February 27, 1999 in Miami, Florida. In her later years, she was a homemaker and she never married.","In his early years, he enrolled in the United States military at the age of 20 in 1942. He participated in the 8th Army (Octavo Ejército) of EE.UU. (United States). He covered the campaign of the Pacific as the 35th Division of Infantry (35 División de Infantería) called División Relámpago (Lightning Division). He finished training in the military at Fort Dix, Burlington County, New Jersey in the Delaware River region on October of 1946.","Once he finished his service, he returned to Cuba and founded a company called CINEPERIODICO in 1947. His motivation of starting this company began from his interest in journalism. At the age of 16, he delved into both journalism and short films/news films. He was one of the editors of Él País, La Habana. These experiences guided him to globally make notorious documentaries and cinematography of actual events and issues. He traveled around the globe. For instance, he registered for a temporary immigration card to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1959 as a journalist. As a result for his traveling, he encountered prominent leaders of various movements.","One of those encounters, José Guerra Alemán climbed the Mountains of Sierra Maestra, in the province of East of the Island of Cuba to interview Fidel Castro and Che Guevara. Under the agency of his company, CINEPERIODICO, he personally knew these men and those who were a part of the guerillas during the Cuban Revolution. In 1950, he worked with José García and Eduardo Hernández (Guayo) in the same company. José Guerra Alemán directed films such as Sangre Y Esperanza: La Cuba de Hoy (Blood and Hope: the Cuba of Today and El Gran Recuento (The Great Story). He also took the position as the Senior Vice President of Guastella Film Producers Inc., an advertising firm in Puerto Rico, where he did similar works until he retired in 1990. This included the creation of historical documentary films.","With his interest in Cuba's history and living at a time of historical changes in Cuba, he wrote extensive materials along those themes. He wrote Aún Hay Luna En Los Cerros, Ensayos (Las Mayorías Discriminadas): En Defensa de la Mujer, Barro y Cenizas (Díalogos con Fidel Castro y el Che Guevara), and Juro Pero No Prometo (Biografía de su Abuelo el General José Braulio Alemán). His major work composes four volumes of encyclopedias called Cuba Infinita. Each book contains specific chronological decades and starts from 1855, when the first photographs of the city were available by American artist Fredericks De Forest, to 1958, when the Republic collapsed. The volumes includes more than a thousand selected photos of the history of Cuba, from colonial times to the Spanish American War. The reader walks through time and gets to see the transformation of Cuba. He included photographs received by family, friends, colleagues and what he collected from his travels. He also was inspired and guided from the work called La Enciclopedia de Cuba.","Understanding where his family came from and knowing the other members of his family tree can provide a part of José Guerra Alemán's identity. Jose Guerra Alemán's maternal bloodline had a huge role in the movement toward Cuba's independence against colonialism and imperialism. His grandfather named José Braulio Guerra Alemán fought in the Spanish-American War as a Cuban Brigadier General and was the principal author to the Constitution of Cuba proclaimed at Yara in 1896. He worked as a lawyer, newspaper owner, advocate of the liberation of Cuba, senator and governor for the province of Las Villas, minister of Education and ambassador to Mexico. His half uncle, José Manuel Alemán, served in the Cuban government as Minister of Education during the presidency of Dr. Ramón Grau San Martin, president of the Authentic Party (Partido Auténtico) in La Habana, and Senator of the Republic. His family went through three generations of leaders and fighters for Cuban independence through revolutions or preserving its history and culture.","He rested on February 22, 2013 in Miami, Florida. He survived his wife named Lidia Llano who he married on September 22, 1945 and left a son named Carlos Guerra Llano. He left a mark of what he had done, significant work in Cuba's history. However, he has not been given as much attention as he deserves in any setting, especially in academia. It is the many aspects of unknown history and researching the people from below like Alemán. He was a Cuban, veteran, journalist, nontraditional historian, and founder of a journalist business."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n Collection, Special Collections and UniversityArchives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, Special Collections and UniversityArchives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials are housed in acid free folders and boxes; photographs and negatives were placed in clear sleeves; publications removed from the collection and cataloged separately.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Materials are housed in acid free folders and boxes; photographs and negatives were placed in clear sleeves; publications removed from the collection and cataloged separately."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBooks collected by Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n can be found by performing a series search for \"Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n Collection\" in the UCF Libraries catalog.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Books collected by José Guerra Alemán can be found by performing a series search for \"José Guerra Alemán Collection\" in the UCF Libraries catalog."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection was arranged in seven series:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries I. Manuscripts, 1915-2013, Undated, includes notes that Alem\u0026#xE1;n took on varieties of subjects. His interests ranged from the origin of words and meaning of phrases to his summaries and interpretations of authors' works.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries II: Research Files, 1898-2012, Undated, holds a combination of newspapers, images, and works of others where Alem\u0026#xE1;n used for the publication of Cuba Infinita and his work on Cuban and Latin American history, involving their relations to other countries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries III: Publications, 1987-2008, Undated, contains his writings that has drafts of his published work, his articles from newspapers, and promotional materials advertising his works.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries IV: Personal Files, 1887-2011, Undated, provides letters between Aleman and his family members and between Aleman and business workers. They share insight of Aleman's genealogy and Aleman's work ethic. Series also includes various maps and postcards. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries V: Visual Materials, Circa 1900-Circa 2000, Undated, includes photographs and negatives of Jos\u0026#xE9; G. Alem\u0026#xE1;n and his relatives; overseas trips as a Journalist; and images of Cuba, cubans, and public buildings. Series also includes a CD of \"Fidel Castro: La Historia Lo Absolvera\" and another CD contains a song from Marisela Verena \"Mi Pinar del Rio\".\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VI: Memorabilia, 1926-1977, Undated, comprises hats from different places that Aleman travelled, identification cards, and a lottery ticket from Republic of Cuba, 1949.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VII: Oversize Materials, 1958-2008, Undated, includes large maps of various countries, posters, a proof sheet for Cuba Infinita, and a game card \"La Charada Cubana.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection was arranged in seven series:","\nSeries I. Manuscripts, 1915-2013, Undated, includes notes that Alemán took on varieties of subjects. His interests ranged from the origin of words and meaning of phrases to his summaries and interpretations of authors' works.","\nSeries II: Research Files, 1898-2012, Undated, holds a combination of newspapers, images, and works of others where Alemán used for the publication of Cuba Infinita and his work on Cuban and Latin American history, involving their relations to other countries.","\nSeries III: Publications, 1987-2008, Undated, contains his writings that has drafts of his published work, his articles from newspapers, and promotional materials advertising his works.","\nSeries IV: Personal Files, 1887-2011, Undated, provides letters between Aleman and his family members and between Aleman and business workers. They share insight of Aleman's genealogy and Aleman's work ethic. Series also includes various maps and postcards. ","\nSeries V: Visual Materials, Circa 1900-Circa 2000, Undated, includes photographs and negatives of José G. Alemán and his relatives; overseas trips as a Journalist; and images of Cuba, cubans, and public buildings. Series also includes a CD of \"Fidel Castro: La Historia Lo Absolvera\" and another CD contains a song from Marisela Verena \"Mi Pinar del Rio\".","\nSeries VI: Memorabilia, 1926-1977, Undated, comprises hats from different places that Aleman travelled, identification cards, and a lottery ticket from Republic of Cuba, 1949.","\nSeries VII: Oversize Materials, 1958-2008, Undated, includes large maps of various countries, posters, a proof sheet for Cuba Infinita, and a game card \"La Charada Cubana.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e4d41ff341ce7470c0d40282c3f71dd8\"\u003eThe collection is filled with Cuban history and researched materials on society's past was created by Cuban and American journalist Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n. The materials range from photographs of his travels to cultural sites and countries to personal notes on literature of other scholars' works and his published books. He is most notable of his published four-volume encyclopedia on Cuban history called Cuba Infinita.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection is filled with Cuban history and researched materials on society's past was created by Cuban and American journalist José Guerra Alemán. The materials range from photographs of his travels to cultural sites and countries to personal notes on literature of other scholars' works and his published books. He is most notable of his published four-volume encyclopedia on Cuban history called Cuba Infinita."],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Guerra Alemán, José"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":282,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870857755411087360,"_root_":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:03:10.972Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_14dceb6ba8dcfd42777f96ec8f1c888b"}},{"id":"9538d40a3a2552d60fae89b8","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Cuban Archives, 1786-1989, bulk 1960-1975","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/9538d40a3a2552d60fae89b8#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eLa colección incluye periódicos, correspondencia, documentos oficiales y papeles personales sobre el comunismo, con un enfoque en las Américas. La mayor parte de la colección se centra en los exiliados cubanos del regimen de Fidel Castro, y se incluyen noticias internacionales sobre el comunismo. Adicionalmente, la colección incluye documentos del Directorio Revolucionario Estudiantil en México y su organizaciones aliadas, con documentos personales de líderes de la DRE como Ángel Fernández González. La mayor parte de los ducumentos incluídos en la colleccion estan en español.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/9538d40a3a2552d60fae89b8#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"9538d40a3a2552d60fae89b8","title_ssm":["Cuban Archives"],"title_tesim":["Cuban Archives"],"ead_ssi":"9538d40a3a2552d60fae89b8","unitdate_ssm":["1786-1989","1960-1975"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1960-1975"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1786-1989"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SPC2000","/repositories/2/resources/114"],"text":["SPC2000","/repositories/2/resources/114","Cuban Archives, 1786-1989, bulk 1960-1975","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged into three Series: ","Series I: Published Materials\nSeries II: Visual/Audio Materials\nSeries III: Oversized Materials","La colección incluye periódicos, correspondencia, documentos oficiales y papeles personales sobre el comunismo, con un enfoque en las Américas. La mayor parte de la colección se centra en los exiliados cubanos del regimen de Fidel Castro, y se incluyen noticias internacionales sobre el comunismo. Adicionalmente, la colección incluye documentos del Directorio Revolucionario Estudiantil en México y su organizaciones aliadas, con documentos personales de líderes de la DRE como Ángel Fernández González. La mayor parte de los ducumentos incluídos en la colleccion estan en español.","The collection includes newspapers, correspondences, official documents, and personal papers of the effects of Communism particularly in the Americas. Majority of the collection focuses on Cuban exiles, with international news regarding Communism being included. Additionally, the collection includes documents from the Directorio Revolucionario Estudiantil in Mexico and allied organizations, with personal documents from leaders of the DRE such as Angel Fernandez Gonzalez. The majority of the document in the collection is in Spanish.","Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general","FIU Special Collections","La gran mayoría de esta colección está en español, con solo unos artículos en inglés, portugués brasileño o alemán.\n\nThe vast majority of this collection is in Spanish, with only a few items in either English, Brazilian Portuguese, or German."],"unitid_tesim":["SPC2000","/repositories/2/resources/114"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1786-1989, bulk 1960-1975"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Cuban Archives, 1786-1989, bulk 1960-1975"],"collection_title_tesim":["Cuban Archives, 1786-1989, bulk 1960-1975"],"collection_ssim":["Cuban Archives, 1786-1989, bulk 1960-1975"],"repository_ssm":["FIU Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["8 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["8 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into three Series: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Published Materials\nSeries II: Visual/Audio Materials\nSeries III: Oversized Materials\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into three Series: ","Series I: Published Materials\nSeries II: Visual/Audio Materials\nSeries III: Oversized Materials"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLa colecci\u0026#xF3;n incluye peri\u0026#xF3;dicos, correspondencia, documentos oficiales y papeles personales sobre el comunismo, con un enfoque en las Am\u0026#xE9;ricas. La mayor parte de la colecci\u0026#xF3;n se centra en los exiliados cubanos del regimen de Fidel Castro, y se incluyen noticias internacionales sobre el comunismo. Adicionalmente, la colecci\u0026#xF3;n incluye documentos del Directorio Revolucionario Estudiantil en M\u0026#xE9;xico y su organizaciones aliadas, con documentos personales de l\u0026#xED;deres de la DRE como \u0026#xC1;ngel Fern\u0026#xE1;ndez Gonz\u0026#xE1;lez. La mayor parte de los ducumentos inclu\u0026#xED;dos en la colleccion estan en espa\u0026#xF1;ol.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes newspapers, correspondences, official documents, and personal papers of the effects of Communism particularly in the Americas. Majority of the collection focuses on Cuban exiles, with international news regarding Communism being included. Additionally, the collection includes documents from the Directorio Revolucionario Estudiantil in Mexico and allied organizations, with personal documents from leaders of the DRE such as Angel Fernandez Gonzalez. The majority of the document in the collection is in Spanish.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["La colección incluye periódicos, correspondencia, documentos oficiales y papeles personales sobre el comunismo, con un enfoque en las Américas. La mayor parte de la colección se centra en los exiliados cubanos del regimen de Fidel Castro, y se incluyen noticias internacionales sobre el comunismo. Adicionalmente, la colección incluye documentos del Directorio Revolucionario Estudiantil en México y su organizaciones aliadas, con documentos personales de líderes de la DRE como Ángel Fernández González. La mayor parte de los ducumentos incluídos en la colleccion estan en español.","The collection includes newspapers, correspondences, official documents, and personal papers of the effects of Communism particularly in the Americas. Majority of the collection focuses on Cuban exiles, with international news regarding Communism being included. Additionally, the collection includes documents from the Directorio Revolucionario Estudiantil in Mexico and allied organizations, with personal documents from leaders of the DRE such as Angel Fernandez Gonzalez. The majority of the document in the collection is in Spanish."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections \u0026amp; University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"names_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"corpname_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"language_ssim":["La gran mayoría de esta colección está en español, con solo unos artículos en inglés, portugués brasileño o alemán.\n\nThe vast majority of this collection is in Spanish, with only a few items in either English, Brazilian Portuguese, or German."],"total_component_count_is":369,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870844454512885760,"_root_":"9538d40a3a2552d60fae89b8","timestamp":"2026-07-16T04:31:46.251Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"9538d40a3a2552d60fae89b8","title_ssm":["Cuban Archives"],"title_tesim":["Cuban Archives"],"ead_ssi":"9538d40a3a2552d60fae89b8","unitdate_ssm":["1786-1989","1960-1975"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1960-1975"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1786-1989"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SPC2000","/repositories/2/resources/114"],"text":["SPC2000","/repositories/2/resources/114","Cuban Archives, 1786-1989, bulk 1960-1975","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged into three Series: ","Series I: Published Materials\nSeries II: Visual/Audio Materials\nSeries III: Oversized Materials","La colección incluye periódicos, correspondencia, documentos oficiales y papeles personales sobre el comunismo, con un enfoque en las Américas. La mayor parte de la colección se centra en los exiliados cubanos del regimen de Fidel Castro, y se incluyen noticias internacionales sobre el comunismo. Adicionalmente, la colección incluye documentos del Directorio Revolucionario Estudiantil en México y su organizaciones aliadas, con documentos personales de líderes de la DRE como Ángel Fernández González. La mayor parte de los ducumentos incluídos en la colleccion estan en español.","The collection includes newspapers, correspondences, official documents, and personal papers of the effects of Communism particularly in the Americas. Majority of the collection focuses on Cuban exiles, with international news regarding Communism being included. Additionally, the collection includes documents from the Directorio Revolucionario Estudiantil in Mexico and allied organizations, with personal documents from leaders of the DRE such as Angel Fernandez Gonzalez. The majority of the document in the collection is in Spanish.","Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general","FIU Special Collections","La gran mayoría de esta colección está en español, con solo unos artículos en inglés, portugués brasileño o alemán.\n\nThe vast majority of this collection is in Spanish, with only a few items in either English, Brazilian Portuguese, or German."],"unitid_tesim":["SPC2000","/repositories/2/resources/114"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1786-1989, bulk 1960-1975"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Cuban Archives, 1786-1989, bulk 1960-1975"],"collection_title_tesim":["Cuban Archives, 1786-1989, bulk 1960-1975"],"collection_ssim":["Cuban Archives, 1786-1989, bulk 1960-1975"],"repository_ssm":["FIU Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["8 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["8 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into three Series: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Published Materials\nSeries II: Visual/Audio Materials\nSeries III: Oversized Materials\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into three Series: ","Series I: Published Materials\nSeries II: Visual/Audio Materials\nSeries III: Oversized Materials"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLa colecci\u0026#xF3;n incluye peri\u0026#xF3;dicos, correspondencia, documentos oficiales y papeles personales sobre el comunismo, con un enfoque en las Am\u0026#xE9;ricas. La mayor parte de la colecci\u0026#xF3;n se centra en los exiliados cubanos del regimen de Fidel Castro, y se incluyen noticias internacionales sobre el comunismo. Adicionalmente, la colecci\u0026#xF3;n incluye documentos del Directorio Revolucionario Estudiantil en M\u0026#xE9;xico y su organizaciones aliadas, con documentos personales de l\u0026#xED;deres de la DRE como \u0026#xC1;ngel Fern\u0026#xE1;ndez Gonz\u0026#xE1;lez. La mayor parte de los ducumentos inclu\u0026#xED;dos en la colleccion estan en espa\u0026#xF1;ol.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes newspapers, correspondences, official documents, and personal papers of the effects of Communism particularly in the Americas. Majority of the collection focuses on Cuban exiles, with international news regarding Communism being included. Additionally, the collection includes documents from the Directorio Revolucionario Estudiantil in Mexico and allied organizations, with personal documents from leaders of the DRE such as Angel Fernandez Gonzalez. The majority of the document in the collection is in Spanish.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["La colección incluye periódicos, correspondencia, documentos oficiales y papeles personales sobre el comunismo, con un enfoque en las Américas. La mayor parte de la colección se centra en los exiliados cubanos del regimen de Fidel Castro, y se incluyen noticias internacionales sobre el comunismo. Adicionalmente, la colección incluye documentos del Directorio Revolucionario Estudiantil en México y su organizaciones aliadas, con documentos personales de líderes de la DRE como Ángel Fernández González. La mayor parte de los ducumentos incluídos en la colleccion estan en español.","The collection includes newspapers, correspondences, official documents, and personal papers of the effects of Communism particularly in the Americas. Majority of the collection focuses on Cuban exiles, with international news regarding Communism being included. Additionally, the collection includes documents from the Directorio Revolucionario Estudiantil in Mexico and allied organizations, with personal documents from leaders of the DRE such as Angel Fernandez Gonzalez. The majority of the document in the collection is in Spanish."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections \u0026amp; University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"names_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"corpname_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"language_ssim":["La gran mayoría de esta colección está en español, con solo unos artículos en inglés, portugués brasileño o alemán.\n\nThe vast majority of this collection is in Spanish, with only a few items in either English, Brazilian Portuguese, or German."],"total_component_count_is":369,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870844454512885760,"_root_":"9538d40a3a2552d60fae89b8","timestamp":"2026-07-16T04:31:46.251Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/9538d40a3a2552d60fae89b8"}},{"id":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_2b0e5e21f078ed9b6884681cae8c9c74","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Cubans and Puerto Ricans (2 of 2), 1950-1990, Undated","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_2b0e5e21f078ed9b6884681cae8c9c74#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_2b0e5e21f078ed9b6884681cae8c9c74","ref_ssm":["aspace_2b0e5e21f078ed9b6884681cae8c9c74","aspace_2b0e5e21f078ed9b6884681cae8c9c74"],"id":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_2b0e5e21f078ed9b6884681cae8c9c74","title_filing_ssi":"Cubans and Puerto Ricans (2 of 2)","title_ssm":["Cubans and Puerto Ricans (2 of 2)"],"title_tesim":["Cubans and Puerto Ricans (2 of 2)"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1950-1990, Undated"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1950-1990, Undated"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Cubans and Puerto Ricans (2 of 2), 1950-1990, Undated"],"text":["Cubans and Puerto Ricans (2 of 2), 1950-1990, Undated","José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013","Research Files, 1898-2012, Undated","Folder 2","/repositories/4/archival_objects/53987","box 8","folder 2"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_e0da8a351e89d497ae16650ae623f50e"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013","Research Files, 1898-2012, Undated"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013","Research Files, 1898-2012, Undated"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["Folder 2","/repositories/4/archival_objects/53987"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":109,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The entire collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder."],"date_range_isim":[1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990],"containers_ssim":["box 8","folder 2"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#10","_nest_parent_":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_e0da8a351e89d497ae16650ae623f50e","_root_":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","_version_":1870857755411087360,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:03:10.972Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","title_ssm":["José Guerra Alemán Collection"],"title_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection"],"ead_ssi":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","unitdate_ssm":["1887-2013"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1887-2013"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC.098","/repositories/4/resources/204"],"text":["SC.098","/repositories/4/resources/204","José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013","Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs","Cuba -- History -- Description and Travel","Cuba -- History -- Pictorial works","correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","The entire collection is open for research.","José Guerra Alemán was born to José Guerra and Herminia Alemán-Valdes on November 20, 1922 in Cuba. He referred to alternative names such as José Guerra Alemán, his initials J.G.A. and his nickname Pepín. Many of his closest friends and family called him as Pepín. His family contained of six members that included his three siblings, Maria Vicenta Guerra, Rafael Luis Guerra, and an eldest brother who his name is unknown. His brother, Rafael L. Guerra was born on November 20, 1926 in Habana, Cuba and died on October 2, 1998 in Miami, Florida. His sister, Maria, was born on June 19, 1924 in Habana, Cuba. A year after her brother's death, she died on February 27, 1999 in Miami, Florida. In her later years, she was a homemaker and she never married.","In his early years, he enrolled in the United States military at the age of 20 in 1942. He participated in the 8th Army (Octavo Ejército) of EE.UU. (United States). He covered the campaign of the Pacific as the 35th Division of Infantry (35 División de Infantería) called División Relámpago (Lightning Division). He finished training in the military at Fort Dix, Burlington County, New Jersey in the Delaware River region on October of 1946.","Once he finished his service, he returned to Cuba and founded a company called CINEPERIODICO in 1947. His motivation of starting this company began from his interest in journalism. At the age of 16, he delved into both journalism and short films/news films. He was one of the editors of Él País, La Habana. These experiences guided him to globally make notorious documentaries and cinematography of actual events and issues. He traveled around the globe. For instance, he registered for a temporary immigration card to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1959 as a journalist. As a result for his traveling, he encountered prominent leaders of various movements.","One of those encounters, José Guerra Alemán climbed the Mountains of Sierra Maestra, in the province of East of the Island of Cuba to interview Fidel Castro and Che Guevara. Under the agency of his company, CINEPERIODICO, he personally knew these men and those who were a part of the guerillas during the Cuban Revolution. In 1950, he worked with José García and Eduardo Hernández (Guayo) in the same company. José Guerra Alemán directed films such as Sangre Y Esperanza: La Cuba de Hoy (Blood and Hope: the Cuba of Today and El Gran Recuento (The Great Story). He also took the position as the Senior Vice President of Guastella Film Producers Inc., an advertising firm in Puerto Rico, where he did similar works until he retired in 1990. This included the creation of historical documentary films.","With his interest in Cuba's history and living at a time of historical changes in Cuba, he wrote extensive materials along those themes. He wrote Aún Hay Luna En Los Cerros, Ensayos (Las Mayorías Discriminadas): En Defensa de la Mujer, Barro y Cenizas (Díalogos con Fidel Castro y el Che Guevara), and Juro Pero No Prometo (Biografía de su Abuelo el General José Braulio Alemán). His major work composes four volumes of encyclopedias called Cuba Infinita. Each book contains specific chronological decades and starts from 1855, when the first photographs of the city were available by American artist Fredericks De Forest, to 1958, when the Republic collapsed. The volumes includes more than a thousand selected photos of the history of Cuba, from colonial times to the Spanish American War. The reader walks through time and gets to see the transformation of Cuba. He included photographs received by family, friends, colleagues and what he collected from his travels. He also was inspired and guided from the work called La Enciclopedia de Cuba.","Understanding where his family came from and knowing the other members of his family tree can provide a part of José Guerra Alemán's identity. Jose Guerra Alemán's maternal bloodline had a huge role in the movement toward Cuba's independence against colonialism and imperialism. His grandfather named José Braulio Guerra Alemán fought in the Spanish-American War as a Cuban Brigadier General and was the principal author to the Constitution of Cuba proclaimed at Yara in 1896. He worked as a lawyer, newspaper owner, advocate of the liberation of Cuba, senator and governor for the province of Las Villas, minister of Education and ambassador to Mexico. His half uncle, José Manuel Alemán, served in the Cuban government as Minister of Education during the presidency of Dr. Ramón Grau San Martin, president of the Authentic Party (Partido Auténtico) in La Habana, and Senator of the Republic. His family went through three generations of leaders and fighters for Cuban independence through revolutions or preserving its history and culture.","He rested on February 22, 2013 in Miami, Florida. He survived his wife named Lidia Llano who he married on September 22, 1945 and left a son named Carlos Guerra Llano. He left a mark of what he had done, significant work in Cuba's history. However, he has not been given as much attention as he deserves in any setting, especially in academia. It is the many aspects of unknown history and researching the people from below like Alemán. He was a Cuban, veteran, journalist, nontraditional historian, and founder of a journalist business.","Materials are housed in acid free folders and boxes; photographs and negatives were placed in clear sleeves; publications removed from the collection and cataloged separately.","Books collected by José Guerra Alemán can be found by performing a series search for \"José Guerra Alemán Collection\" in the UCF Libraries catalog.","This collection was arranged in seven series:","\nSeries I. Manuscripts, 1915-2013, Undated, includes notes that Alemán took on varieties of subjects. His interests ranged from the origin of words and meaning of phrases to his summaries and interpretations of authors' works.","\nSeries II: Research Files, 1898-2012, Undated, holds a combination of newspapers, images, and works of others where Alemán used for the publication of Cuba Infinita and his work on Cuban and Latin American history, involving their relations to other countries.","\nSeries III: Publications, 1987-2008, Undated, contains his writings that has drafts of his published work, his articles from newspapers, and promotional materials advertising his works.","\nSeries IV: Personal Files, 1887-2011, Undated, provides letters between Aleman and his family members and between Aleman and business workers. They share insight of Aleman's genealogy and Aleman's work ethic. Series also includes various maps and postcards. ","\nSeries V: Visual Materials, Circa 1900-Circa 2000, Undated, includes photographs and negatives of José G. Alemán and his relatives; overseas trips as a Journalist; and images of Cuba, cubans, and public buildings. Series also includes a CD of \"Fidel Castro: La Historia Lo Absolvera\" and another CD contains a song from Marisela Verena \"Mi Pinar del Rio\".","\nSeries VI: Memorabilia, 1926-1977, Undated, comprises hats from different places that Aleman travelled, identification cards, and a lottery ticket from Republic of Cuba, 1949.","\nSeries VII: Oversize Materials, 1958-2008, Undated, includes large maps of various countries, posters, a proof sheet for Cuba Infinita, and a game card \"La Charada Cubana.\"","Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder.","The collection is filled with Cuban history and researched materials on society's past was created by Cuban and American journalist José Guerra Alemán. The materials range from photographs of his travels to cultural sites and countries to personal notes on literature of other scholars' works and his published books. He is most notable of his published four-volume encyclopedia on Cuban history called Cuba Infinita.","UCF Special Collections","Guerra Alemán, José","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC.098","/repositories/4/resources/204"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1887-2013"],"normalized_title_ssm":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"collection_title_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"collection_ssim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs"],"geogname_ssim":["Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs"],"creator_ssm":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"creator_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"creators_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"places_ssim":["Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated by Carlos Guerra, José Guerra Alemán's son, to the University of Central Florida Libraries in 2014. (CFM2014_07)"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Cuba -- History -- Description and Travel","Cuba -- History -- Pictorial works","correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Cuba -- History -- Description and Travel","Cuba -- History -- Pictorial works","correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["17.5 Linear Feet 20 boxes, 1 Flat File"],"extent_tesim":["17.5 Linear Feet 20 boxes, 1 Flat File"],"genreform_ssim":["correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints"],"date_range_isim":[1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n was born to Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra and Herminia Alem\u0026#xE1;n-Valdes on November 20, 1922 in Cuba. He referred to alternative names such as Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n, his initials J.G.A. and his nickname Pep\u0026#xED;n. Many of his closest friends and family called him as Pep\u0026#xED;n. His family contained of six members that included his three siblings, Maria Vicenta Guerra, Rafael Luis Guerra, and an eldest brother who his name is unknown. His brother, Rafael L. Guerra was born on November 20, 1926 in Habana, Cuba and died on October 2, 1998 in Miami, Florida. His sister, Maria, was born on June 19, 1924 in Habana, Cuba. A year after her brother's death, she died on February 27, 1999 in Miami, Florida. In her later years, she was a homemaker and she never married.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn his early years, he enrolled in the United States military at the age of 20 in 1942. He participated in the 8th Army (Octavo Ej\u0026#xE9;rcito) of EE.UU. (United States). He covered the campaign of the Pacific as the 35th Division of Infantry (35 Divisi\u0026#xF3;n de Infanter\u0026#xED;a) called Divisi\u0026#xF3;n Rel\u0026#xE1;mpago (Lightning Division). He finished training in the military at Fort Dix, Burlington County, New Jersey in the Delaware River region on October of 1946.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOnce he finished his service, he returned to Cuba and founded a company called CINEPERIODICO in 1947. His motivation of starting this company began from his interest in journalism. At the age of 16, he delved into both journalism and short films/news films. He was one of the editors of \u0026#xC9;l Pa\u0026#xED;s, La Habana. These experiences guided him to globally make notorious documentaries and cinematography of actual events and issues. He traveled around the globe. For instance, he registered for a temporary immigration card to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1959 as a journalist. As a result for his traveling, he encountered prominent leaders of various movements.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOne of those encounters, Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n climbed the Mountains of Sierra Maestra, in the province of East of the Island of Cuba to interview Fidel Castro and Che Guevara. Under the agency of his company, CINEPERIODICO, he personally knew these men and those who were a part of the guerillas during the Cuban Revolution. In 1950, he worked with Jos\u0026#xE9; Garc\u0026#xED;a and Eduardo Hern\u0026#xE1;ndez (Guayo) in the same company. Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n directed films such as Sangre Y Esperanza: La Cuba de Hoy (Blood and Hope: the Cuba of Today and El Gran Recuento (The Great Story). He also took the position as the Senior Vice President of Guastella Film Producers Inc., an advertising firm in Puerto Rico, where he did similar works until he retired in 1990. This included the creation of historical documentary films.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWith his interest in Cuba's history and living at a time of historical changes in Cuba, he wrote extensive materials along those themes. He wrote A\u0026#xFA;n Hay Luna En Los Cerros, Ensayos (Las Mayor\u0026#xED;as Discriminadas): En Defensa de la Mujer, Barro y Cenizas (D\u0026#xED;alogos con Fidel Castro y el Che Guevara), and Juro Pero No Prometo (Biograf\u0026#xED;a de su Abuelo el General Jos\u0026#xE9; Braulio Alem\u0026#xE1;n). His major work composes four volumes of encyclopedias called Cuba Infinita. Each book contains specific chronological decades and starts from 1855, when the first photographs of the city were available by American artist Fredericks De Forest, to 1958, when the Republic collapsed. The volumes includes more than a thousand selected photos of the history of Cuba, from colonial times to the Spanish American War. The reader walks through time and gets to see the transformation of Cuba. He included photographs received by family, friends, colleagues and what he collected from his travels. He also was inspired and guided from the work called La Enciclopedia de Cuba.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUnderstanding where his family came from and knowing the other members of his family tree can provide a part of Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n's identity. Jose Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n's maternal bloodline had a huge role in the movement toward Cuba's independence against colonialism and imperialism. His grandfather named Jos\u0026#xE9; Braulio Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n fought in the Spanish-American War as a Cuban Brigadier General and was the principal author to the Constitution of Cuba proclaimed at Yara in 1896. He worked as a lawyer, newspaper owner, advocate of the liberation of Cuba, senator and governor for the province of Las Villas, minister of Education and ambassador to Mexico. His half uncle, Jos\u0026#xE9; Manuel Alem\u0026#xE1;n, served in the Cuban government as Minister of Education during the presidency of Dr. Ram\u0026#xF3;n Grau San Martin, president of the Authentic Party (Partido Aut\u0026#xE9;ntico) in La Habana, and Senator of the Republic. His family went through three generations of leaders and fighters for Cuban independence through revolutions or preserving its history and culture.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe rested on February 22, 2013 in Miami, Florida. He survived his wife named Lidia Llano who he married on September 22, 1945 and left a son named Carlos Guerra Llano. He left a mark of what he had done, significant work in Cuba's history. However, he has not been given as much attention as he deserves in any setting, especially in academia. It is the many aspects of unknown history and researching the people from below like Alem\u0026#xE1;n. He was a Cuban, veteran, journalist, nontraditional historian, and founder of a journalist business.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán was born to José Guerra and Herminia Alemán-Valdes on November 20, 1922 in Cuba. He referred to alternative names such as José Guerra Alemán, his initials J.G.A. and his nickname Pepín. Many of his closest friends and family called him as Pepín. His family contained of six members that included his three siblings, Maria Vicenta Guerra, Rafael Luis Guerra, and an eldest brother who his name is unknown. His brother, Rafael L. Guerra was born on November 20, 1926 in Habana, Cuba and died on October 2, 1998 in Miami, Florida. His sister, Maria, was born on June 19, 1924 in Habana, Cuba. A year after her brother's death, she died on February 27, 1999 in Miami, Florida. In her later years, she was a homemaker and she never married.","In his early years, he enrolled in the United States military at the age of 20 in 1942. He participated in the 8th Army (Octavo Ejército) of EE.UU. (United States). He covered the campaign of the Pacific as the 35th Division of Infantry (35 División de Infantería) called División Relámpago (Lightning Division). He finished training in the military at Fort Dix, Burlington County, New Jersey in the Delaware River region on October of 1946.","Once he finished his service, he returned to Cuba and founded a company called CINEPERIODICO in 1947. His motivation of starting this company began from his interest in journalism. At the age of 16, he delved into both journalism and short films/news films. He was one of the editors of Él País, La Habana. These experiences guided him to globally make notorious documentaries and cinematography of actual events and issues. He traveled around the globe. For instance, he registered for a temporary immigration card to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1959 as a journalist. As a result for his traveling, he encountered prominent leaders of various movements.","One of those encounters, José Guerra Alemán climbed the Mountains of Sierra Maestra, in the province of East of the Island of Cuba to interview Fidel Castro and Che Guevara. Under the agency of his company, CINEPERIODICO, he personally knew these men and those who were a part of the guerillas during the Cuban Revolution. In 1950, he worked with José García and Eduardo Hernández (Guayo) in the same company. José Guerra Alemán directed films such as Sangre Y Esperanza: La Cuba de Hoy (Blood and Hope: the Cuba of Today and El Gran Recuento (The Great Story). He also took the position as the Senior Vice President of Guastella Film Producers Inc., an advertising firm in Puerto Rico, where he did similar works until he retired in 1990. This included the creation of historical documentary films.","With his interest in Cuba's history and living at a time of historical changes in Cuba, he wrote extensive materials along those themes. He wrote Aún Hay Luna En Los Cerros, Ensayos (Las Mayorías Discriminadas): En Defensa de la Mujer, Barro y Cenizas (Díalogos con Fidel Castro y el Che Guevara), and Juro Pero No Prometo (Biografía de su Abuelo el General José Braulio Alemán). His major work composes four volumes of encyclopedias called Cuba Infinita. Each book contains specific chronological decades and starts from 1855, when the first photographs of the city were available by American artist Fredericks De Forest, to 1958, when the Republic collapsed. The volumes includes more than a thousand selected photos of the history of Cuba, from colonial times to the Spanish American War. The reader walks through time and gets to see the transformation of Cuba. He included photographs received by family, friends, colleagues and what he collected from his travels. He also was inspired and guided from the work called La Enciclopedia de Cuba.","Understanding where his family came from and knowing the other members of his family tree can provide a part of José Guerra Alemán's identity. Jose Guerra Alemán's maternal bloodline had a huge role in the movement toward Cuba's independence against colonialism and imperialism. His grandfather named José Braulio Guerra Alemán fought in the Spanish-American War as a Cuban Brigadier General and was the principal author to the Constitution of Cuba proclaimed at Yara in 1896. He worked as a lawyer, newspaper owner, advocate of the liberation of Cuba, senator and governor for the province of Las Villas, minister of Education and ambassador to Mexico. His half uncle, José Manuel Alemán, served in the Cuban government as Minister of Education during the presidency of Dr. Ramón Grau San Martin, president of the Authentic Party (Partido Auténtico) in La Habana, and Senator of the Republic. His family went through three generations of leaders and fighters for Cuban independence through revolutions or preserving its history and culture.","He rested on February 22, 2013 in Miami, Florida. He survived his wife named Lidia Llano who he married on September 22, 1945 and left a son named Carlos Guerra Llano. He left a mark of what he had done, significant work in Cuba's history. However, he has not been given as much attention as he deserves in any setting, especially in academia. It is the many aspects of unknown history and researching the people from below like Alemán. He was a Cuban, veteran, journalist, nontraditional historian, and founder of a journalist business."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n Collection, Special Collections and UniversityArchives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, Special Collections and UniversityArchives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials are housed in acid free folders and boxes; photographs and negatives were placed in clear sleeves; publications removed from the collection and cataloged separately.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Materials are housed in acid free folders and boxes; photographs and negatives were placed in clear sleeves; publications removed from the collection and cataloged separately."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBooks collected by Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n can be found by performing a series search for \"Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n Collection\" in the UCF Libraries catalog.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Books collected by José Guerra Alemán can be found by performing a series search for \"José Guerra Alemán Collection\" in the UCF Libraries catalog."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection was arranged in seven series:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries I. Manuscripts, 1915-2013, Undated, includes notes that Alem\u0026#xE1;n took on varieties of subjects. His interests ranged from the origin of words and meaning of phrases to his summaries and interpretations of authors' works.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries II: Research Files, 1898-2012, Undated, holds a combination of newspapers, images, and works of others where Alem\u0026#xE1;n used for the publication of Cuba Infinita and his work on Cuban and Latin American history, involving their relations to other countries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries III: Publications, 1987-2008, Undated, contains his writings that has drafts of his published work, his articles from newspapers, and promotional materials advertising his works.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries IV: Personal Files, 1887-2011, Undated, provides letters between Aleman and his family members and between Aleman and business workers. They share insight of Aleman's genealogy and Aleman's work ethic. Series also includes various maps and postcards. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries V: Visual Materials, Circa 1900-Circa 2000, Undated, includes photographs and negatives of Jos\u0026#xE9; G. Alem\u0026#xE1;n and his relatives; overseas trips as a Journalist; and images of Cuba, cubans, and public buildings. Series also includes a CD of \"Fidel Castro: La Historia Lo Absolvera\" and another CD contains a song from Marisela Verena \"Mi Pinar del Rio\".\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VI: Memorabilia, 1926-1977, Undated, comprises hats from different places that Aleman travelled, identification cards, and a lottery ticket from Republic of Cuba, 1949.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VII: Oversize Materials, 1958-2008, Undated, includes large maps of various countries, posters, a proof sheet for Cuba Infinita, and a game card \"La Charada Cubana.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection was arranged in seven series:","\nSeries I. Manuscripts, 1915-2013, Undated, includes notes that Alemán took on varieties of subjects. His interests ranged from the origin of words and meaning of phrases to his summaries and interpretations of authors' works.","\nSeries II: Research Files, 1898-2012, Undated, holds a combination of newspapers, images, and works of others where Alemán used for the publication of Cuba Infinita and his work on Cuban and Latin American history, involving their relations to other countries.","\nSeries III: Publications, 1987-2008, Undated, contains his writings that has drafts of his published work, his articles from newspapers, and promotional materials advertising his works.","\nSeries IV: Personal Files, 1887-2011, Undated, provides letters between Aleman and his family members and between Aleman and business workers. They share insight of Aleman's genealogy and Aleman's work ethic. Series also includes various maps and postcards. ","\nSeries V: Visual Materials, Circa 1900-Circa 2000, Undated, includes photographs and negatives of José G. Alemán and his relatives; overseas trips as a Journalist; and images of Cuba, cubans, and public buildings. Series also includes a CD of \"Fidel Castro: La Historia Lo Absolvera\" and another CD contains a song from Marisela Verena \"Mi Pinar del Rio\".","\nSeries VI: Memorabilia, 1926-1977, Undated, comprises hats from different places that Aleman travelled, identification cards, and a lottery ticket from Republic of Cuba, 1949.","\nSeries VII: Oversize Materials, 1958-2008, Undated, includes large maps of various countries, posters, a proof sheet for Cuba Infinita, and a game card \"La Charada Cubana.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e4d41ff341ce7470c0d40282c3f71dd8\"\u003eThe collection is filled with Cuban history and researched materials on society's past was created by Cuban and American journalist Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n. The materials range from photographs of his travels to cultural sites and countries to personal notes on literature of other scholars' works and his published books. He is most notable of his published four-volume encyclopedia on Cuban history called Cuba Infinita.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection is filled with Cuban history and researched materials on society's past was created by Cuban and American journalist José Guerra Alemán. The materials range from photographs of his travels to cultural sites and countries to personal notes on literature of other scholars' works and his published books. He is most notable of his published four-volume encyclopedia on Cuban history called Cuba Infinita."],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Guerra Alemán, José"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":282,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870857755411087360,"_root_":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:03:10.972Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_2b0e5e21f078ed9b6884681cae8c9c74"}},{"id":"aa862cad77720b140698c8fb","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Cuban Stamps Collection, 1855-1968","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/aa862cad77720b140698c8fb#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["Collection of Cuban stamps from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century."],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/aa862cad77720b140698c8fb#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"aa862cad77720b140698c8fb","title_ssm":["Cuban Stamps Collection"],"title_tesim":["Cuban Stamps Collection"],"ead_ssi":"aa862cad77720b140698c8fb","unitdate_ssm":["1855-1968"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1855-1968"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SPC9070","/repositories/2/resources/131"],"text":["SPC9070","/repositories/2/resources/131","Cuban Stamps Collection, 1855-1968","The collection is open for research.","The Cuban Stamp Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections offers valuable insight into Cuban history through postage stamps spanning the mid-19th to mid-20th century. These stamps reflect the cultural, social, and political events that shaped Cuba during this transformative period. From being under Spanish colonial rule, to the establishment of the Cuban Republic, and the rise of the Cuban Revolution, these historical events are mirrored in the stamps themselves. In 1855, Cuba issued its first postage stamp under Spanish rule, marking the beginning of its postal service. During this period, the stamps were heavily influenced by Spain and featured imagery of the Spanish monarchy, reinforcing the connection between the Spanish Empire and Cuba.","As the 19th century came to a close, the Spanish-American War marked a pivotal moment for Cuba, shifting from a colony to an independent nation in 1902. This period saw significant changes on the island, reflected in stamps that showcased national pride, symbols of independence, and images celebrating Cuba's rich history and culture. Additionally, these stamps were used to promote tourism to Cuba. Throughout the 20th century, Cuba experienced global events such as World War I, World War II, and the Great Depression. These events contributed to political instability and frequent government changes, signaling a period of crisis on the island. During the Cold War, as the Soviet Union rose to power, the Cuban Revolution of 1959 began to reshape the nation. The stamps from this period reflect the country's transformation, with imagery of revolutionary figures like Castro and Cienfuegos, and messaging that glorified the revolution and its progress.","This collection captures the evolution of Cuban stamps as a form of communication and propaganda, mirroring the island's growing sense of self-identity and its changing relationship with foreign powers. The stamps feature images of Cuban culture, art, historical figures, national flora and fauna, and the tourism industry, all serving as tools to promote Cuba to the world. Preserving this collection provides an opportunity to explore how Cuba transformed over the course of a century. Researchers can examine the shifting political ideologies, international relations, and national identities reflected in the stamps. The Cuban Stamp Collection at FIU is not only a historical archive but also a testament to the cultural and social changes of the 20th century.","\nEl Cuban Stamp Collection del Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections ofrece una valiosa perspectiva de la historia de Cuba a través de los sellos postales que abarcan desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta mediados del siglo XX. Estos sellos reflejan los eventos culturales, sociales y políticos que dieron forma a Cuba durante este período transformador. Desde el dominio colonial español, pasando por la creación de la República Cubana, hasta el surgimiento de la Revolución Cubana, estos eventos históricos se reflejan en los sellos mismos. En 1855, Cuba emitió su primer sello postal bajo el dominio español, marcando el comienzo de su servicio postal. Durante este período, los sellos estuvieron fuertemente influenciados por España e incluían imágenes de la monarquía española, reforzando la conexión entre el Imperio Español y Cuba.","Al final del siglo XIX, la Guerra Hispanoamericana marcó un momento clave para Cuba, pasando de ser una colonia a una nación independiente en 1902. Este período vio cambios significativos en la isla, reflejados en los sellos que mostraban el orgullo nacional, símbolos de independencia e imágenes que celebraban la rica historia y cultura de Cuba. Además, estos sellos fueron utilizados para promover el turismo hacia Cuba. A lo largo del siglo XX, Cuba experimentó eventos globales como la Primera y Segunda Guerra Mundial, y la Gran Depresión. Estos eventos contribuyeron a la inestabilidad política y a los frecuentes cambios de gobierno, lo que señaló un período de crisis en la isla. Durante la Guerra Fría, con el auge de la Unión Soviética, la Revolución Cubana de 1959 comenzó a remodelar la nación. Los sellos de este período reflejan la transformación del país, con imágenes de figuras revolucionarias como Castro y Cienfuegos, y mensajes que glorificaban la revolución y su progreso.","Esta colección captura la evolución de los sellos cubanos como una forma de comunicación y propaganda, reflejando el creciente sentido de identidad nacional de la isla y su cambiante relación con las potencias extranjeras. Los sellos presentan imágenes de la cultura cubana, el arte, figuras históricas, la flora y fauna nacional, y la industria del turismo, todas sirviendo como herramientas para promover Cuba al mundo. Preservar esta colección brinda la oportunidad de explorar cómo Cuba se transformó a lo largo de un siglo. Los investigadores pueden examinar las ideologías políticas cambiantes, las relaciones internacionales y las identidades nacionales reflejadas en los sellos. La Colección de Sellos de Cuba en FIU no es solo un archivo histórico, sino también un testimonio de los cambios culturales y sociales del siglo XX.","The Cuban Stamp Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections is a comprehensive assortment of postage stamps throughout the history of Cuba during this transformative period during the 20th century. It spans from the mid-19th century to the beginnings of the Cuban Revolution and its after effects. It demonstrates social political change through stamps and how they use this form of media to create propaganda of the revolt. It also shows how they handle international relations with other nations and how it promotes cultural figures, the arts, tourism, animal and plant species, and worldwide events. This collection offers three books worth of stamp collections, ranging from 500-600 individual stamps per book. Preserving these stamps gives opportunity for researchers to find out themselves how the imagery and symbolism evolve as the Cuban Revolution progresses and develops. ","\nLa Cuban Stamp Collection en las Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections es una recopilación integral de sellos postales que abarca la historia de Cuba durante este período transformador del siglo XX. Se extiende desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta los comienzos de la Revolución Cubana y sus efectos posteriores. Demuestra el cambio social y político a través de los sellos y cómo se utiliza este medio como propaganda de la revuelta. También muestra cómo se manejan las relaciones internacionales con otras naciones y cómo se promueven figuras culturales, las artes, el turismo, especies animales y plantas, y eventos mundiales. Esta colección consta de tres libros que contienen colecciones de sellos, con un rango de 500-600 sellos individuales por libro. La preservación de estos sellos ofrece a los investigadores la oportunidad de descubrir por sí mismos cómo evolucionan las imágenes y los símbolos a medida que avanza y se desarrolla la Revolución Cubana.","Rights. The Cuban Stamps Collection are owned by Florida International University. Literary rights as possessed by the donor have been dedicated to public use for research, study, and scholarship. The collection is subject to all copyright laws.","Collection of Cuban stamps from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century.","FIU Special Collections","English Spanish; Castilian"],"unitid_tesim":["SPC9070","/repositories/2/resources/131"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1855-1968"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Cuban Stamps Collection, 1855-1968"],"collection_title_tesim":["Cuban Stamps Collection, 1855-1968"],"collection_ssim":["Cuban Stamps Collection, 1855-1968"],"repository_ssm":["FIU Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["Rights. The Cuban Stamps Collection are owned by Florida International University. Literary rights as possessed by the donor have been dedicated to public use for research, study, and scholarship. The collection is subject to all copyright laws."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3 items"],"extent_tesim":["3 items"],"date_range_isim":[1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Cuban Stamp Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections offers valuable insight into Cuban history through postage stamps spanning the mid-19th to mid-20th century. These stamps reflect the cultural, social, and political events that shaped Cuba during this transformative period. From being under Spanish colonial rule, to the establishment of the Cuban Republic, and the rise of the Cuban Revolution, these historical events are mirrored in the stamps themselves. In 1855, Cuba issued its first postage stamp under Spanish rule, marking the beginning of its postal service. During this period, the stamps were heavily influenced by Spain and featured imagery of the Spanish monarchy, reinforcing the connection between the Spanish Empire and Cuba.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAs the 19th century came to a close, the Spanish-American War marked a pivotal moment for Cuba, shifting from a colony to an independent nation in 1902. This period saw significant changes on the island, reflected in stamps that showcased national pride, symbols of independence, and images celebrating Cuba's rich history and culture. Additionally, these stamps were used to promote tourism to Cuba. Throughout the 20th century, Cuba experienced global events such as World War I, World War II, and the Great Depression. These events contributed to political instability and frequent government changes, signaling a period of crisis on the island. During the Cold War, as the Soviet Union rose to power, the Cuban Revolution of 1959 began to reshape the nation. The stamps from this period reflect the country's transformation, with imagery of revolutionary figures like Castro and Cienfuegos, and messaging that glorified the revolution and its progress.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis collection captures the evolution of Cuban stamps as a form of communication and propaganda, mirroring the island's growing sense of self-identity and its changing relationship with foreign powers. The stamps feature images of Cuban culture, art, historical figures, national flora and fauna, and the tourism industry, all serving as tools to promote Cuba to the world. Preserving this collection provides an opportunity to explore how Cuba transformed over the course of a century. Researchers can examine the shifting political ideologies, international relations, and national identities reflected in the stamps. The Cuban Stamp Collection at FIU is not only a historical archive but also a testament to the cultural and social changes of the 20th century.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nEl Cuban Stamp Collection del Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections ofrece una valiosa perspectiva de la historia de Cuba a trav\u0026#xE9;s de los sellos postales que abarcan desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta mediados del siglo XX. Estos sellos reflejan los eventos culturales, sociales y pol\u0026#xED;ticos que dieron forma a Cuba durante este per\u0026#xED;odo transformador. Desde el dominio colonial espa\u0026#xF1;ol, pasando por la creaci\u0026#xF3;n de la Rep\u0026#xFA;blica Cubana, hasta el surgimiento de la Revoluci\u0026#xF3;n Cubana, estos eventos hist\u0026#xF3;ricos se reflejan en los sellos mismos. En 1855, Cuba emiti\u0026#xF3; su primer sello postal bajo el dominio espa\u0026#xF1;ol, marcando el comienzo de su servicio postal. Durante este per\u0026#xED;odo, los sellos estuvieron fuertemente influenciados por Espa\u0026#xF1;a e inclu\u0026#xED;an im\u0026#xE1;genes de la monarqu\u0026#xED;a espa\u0026#xF1;ola, reforzando la conexi\u0026#xF3;n entre el Imperio Espa\u0026#xF1;ol y Cuba.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAl final del siglo XIX, la Guerra Hispanoamericana marc\u0026#xF3; un momento clave para Cuba, pasando de ser una colonia a una naci\u0026#xF3;n independiente en 1902. Este per\u0026#xED;odo vio cambios significativos en la isla, reflejados en los sellos que mostraban el orgullo nacional, s\u0026#xED;mbolos de independencia e im\u0026#xE1;genes que celebraban la rica historia y cultura de Cuba. Adem\u0026#xE1;s, estos sellos fueron utilizados para promover el turismo hacia Cuba. A lo largo del siglo XX, Cuba experiment\u0026#xF3; eventos globales como la Primera y Segunda Guerra Mundial, y la Gran Depresi\u0026#xF3;n. Estos eventos contribuyeron a la inestabilidad pol\u0026#xED;tica y a los frecuentes cambios de gobierno, lo que se\u0026#xF1;al\u0026#xF3; un per\u0026#xED;odo de crisis en la isla. Durante la Guerra Fr\u0026#xED;a, con el auge de la Uni\u0026#xF3;n Sovi\u0026#xE9;tica, la Revoluci\u0026#xF3;n Cubana de 1959 comenz\u0026#xF3; a remodelar la naci\u0026#xF3;n. Los sellos de este per\u0026#xED;odo reflejan la transformaci\u0026#xF3;n del pa\u0026#xED;s, con im\u0026#xE1;genes de figuras revolucionarias como Castro y Cienfuegos, y mensajes que glorificaban la revoluci\u0026#xF3;n y su progreso.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEsta colecci\u0026#xF3;n captura la evoluci\u0026#xF3;n de los sellos cubanos como una forma de comunicaci\u0026#xF3;n y propaganda, reflejando el creciente sentido de identidad nacional de la isla y su cambiante relaci\u0026#xF3;n con las potencias extranjeras. Los sellos presentan im\u0026#xE1;genes de la cultura cubana, el arte, figuras hist\u0026#xF3;ricas, la flora y fauna nacional, y la industria del turismo, todas sirviendo como herramientas para promover Cuba al mundo. Preservar esta colecci\u0026#xF3;n brinda la oportunidad de explorar c\u0026#xF3;mo Cuba se transform\u0026#xF3; a lo largo de un siglo. Los investigadores pueden examinar las ideolog\u0026#xED;as pol\u0026#xED;ticas cambiantes, las relaciones internacionales y las identidades nacionales reflejadas en los sellos. La Colecci\u0026#xF3;n de Sellos de Cuba en FIU no es solo un archivo hist\u0026#xF3;rico, sino tambi\u0026#xE9;n un testimonio de los cambios culturales y sociales del siglo XX.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Cuban Stamp Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections offers valuable insight into Cuban history through postage stamps spanning the mid-19th to mid-20th century. These stamps reflect the cultural, social, and political events that shaped Cuba during this transformative period. From being under Spanish colonial rule, to the establishment of the Cuban Republic, and the rise of the Cuban Revolution, these historical events are mirrored in the stamps themselves. In 1855, Cuba issued its first postage stamp under Spanish rule, marking the beginning of its postal service. During this period, the stamps were heavily influenced by Spain and featured imagery of the Spanish monarchy, reinforcing the connection between the Spanish Empire and Cuba.","As the 19th century came to a close, the Spanish-American War marked a pivotal moment for Cuba, shifting from a colony to an independent nation in 1902. This period saw significant changes on the island, reflected in stamps that showcased national pride, symbols of independence, and images celebrating Cuba's rich history and culture. Additionally, these stamps were used to promote tourism to Cuba. Throughout the 20th century, Cuba experienced global events such as World War I, World War II, and the Great Depression. These events contributed to political instability and frequent government changes, signaling a period of crisis on the island. During the Cold War, as the Soviet Union rose to power, the Cuban Revolution of 1959 began to reshape the nation. The stamps from this period reflect the country's transformation, with imagery of revolutionary figures like Castro and Cienfuegos, and messaging that glorified the revolution and its progress.","This collection captures the evolution of Cuban stamps as a form of communication and propaganda, mirroring the island's growing sense of self-identity and its changing relationship with foreign powers. The stamps feature images of Cuban culture, art, historical figures, national flora and fauna, and the tourism industry, all serving as tools to promote Cuba to the world. Preserving this collection provides an opportunity to explore how Cuba transformed over the course of a century. Researchers can examine the shifting political ideologies, international relations, and national identities reflected in the stamps. The Cuban Stamp Collection at FIU is not only a historical archive but also a testament to the cultural and social changes of the 20th century.","\nEl Cuban Stamp Collection del Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections ofrece una valiosa perspectiva de la historia de Cuba a través de los sellos postales que abarcan desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta mediados del siglo XX. Estos sellos reflejan los eventos culturales, sociales y políticos que dieron forma a Cuba durante este período transformador. Desde el dominio colonial español, pasando por la creación de la República Cubana, hasta el surgimiento de la Revolución Cubana, estos eventos históricos se reflejan en los sellos mismos. En 1855, Cuba emitió su primer sello postal bajo el dominio español, marcando el comienzo de su servicio postal. Durante este período, los sellos estuvieron fuertemente influenciados por España e incluían imágenes de la monarquía española, reforzando la conexión entre el Imperio Español y Cuba.","Al final del siglo XIX, la Guerra Hispanoamericana marcó un momento clave para Cuba, pasando de ser una colonia a una nación independiente en 1902. Este período vio cambios significativos en la isla, reflejados en los sellos que mostraban el orgullo nacional, símbolos de independencia e imágenes que celebraban la rica historia y cultura de Cuba. Además, estos sellos fueron utilizados para promover el turismo hacia Cuba. A lo largo del siglo XX, Cuba experimentó eventos globales como la Primera y Segunda Guerra Mundial, y la Gran Depresión. Estos eventos contribuyeron a la inestabilidad política y a los frecuentes cambios de gobierno, lo que señaló un período de crisis en la isla. Durante la Guerra Fría, con el auge de la Unión Soviética, la Revolución Cubana de 1959 comenzó a remodelar la nación. Los sellos de este período reflejan la transformación del país, con imágenes de figuras revolucionarias como Castro y Cienfuegos, y mensajes que glorificaban la revolución y su progreso.","Esta colección captura la evolución de los sellos cubanos como una forma de comunicación y propaganda, reflejando el creciente sentido de identidad nacional de la isla y su cambiante relación con las potencias extranjeras. Los sellos presentan imágenes de la cultura cubana, el arte, figuras históricas, la flora y fauna nacional, y la industria del turismo, todas sirviendo como herramientas para promover Cuba al mundo. Preservar esta colección brinda la oportunidad de explorar cómo Cuba se transformó a lo largo de un siglo. Los investigadores pueden examinar las ideologías políticas cambiantes, las relaciones internacionales y las identidades nacionales reflejadas en los sellos. La Colección de Sellos de Cuba en FIU no es solo un archivo histórico, sino también un testimonio de los cambios culturales y sociales del siglo XX."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Cuban Stamp Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections is a comprehensive assortment of postage stamps throughout the history of Cuba during this transformative period during the 20th century. It spans from the mid-19th century to the beginnings of the Cuban Revolution and its after effects. It demonstrates social political change through stamps and how they use this form of media to create propaganda of the revolt. It also shows how they handle international relations with other nations and how it promotes cultural figures, the arts, tourism, animal and plant species, and worldwide events. This collection offers three books worth of stamp collections, ranging from 500-600 individual stamps per book. Preserving these stamps gives opportunity for researchers to find out themselves how the imagery and symbolism evolve as the Cuban Revolution progresses and develops. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nLa Cuban Stamp Collection en las Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections es una recopilaci\u0026#xF3;n integral de sellos postales que abarca la historia de Cuba durante este per\u0026#xED;odo transformador del siglo XX. Se extiende desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta los comienzos de la Revoluci\u0026#xF3;n Cubana y sus efectos posteriores. Demuestra el cambio social y pol\u0026#xED;tico a trav\u0026#xE9;s de los sellos y c\u0026#xF3;mo se utiliza este medio como propaganda de la revuelta. Tambi\u0026#xE9;n muestra c\u0026#xF3;mo se manejan las relaciones internacionales con otras naciones y c\u0026#xF3;mo se promueven figuras culturales, las artes, el turismo, especies animales y plantas, y eventos mundiales. Esta colecci\u0026#xF3;n consta de tres libros que contienen colecciones de sellos, con un rango de 500-600 sellos individuales por libro. La preservaci\u0026#xF3;n de estos sellos ofrece a los investigadores la oportunidad de descubrir por s\u0026#xED; mismos c\u0026#xF3;mo evolucionan las im\u0026#xE1;genes y los s\u0026#xED;mbolos a medida que avanza y se desarrolla la Revoluci\u0026#xF3;n Cubana.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Cuban Stamp Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections is a comprehensive assortment of postage stamps throughout the history of Cuba during this transformative period during the 20th century. It spans from the mid-19th century to the beginnings of the Cuban Revolution and its after effects. It demonstrates social political change through stamps and how they use this form of media to create propaganda of the revolt. It also shows how they handle international relations with other nations and how it promotes cultural figures, the arts, tourism, animal and plant species, and worldwide events. This collection offers three books worth of stamp collections, ranging from 500-600 individual stamps per book. Preserving these stamps gives opportunity for researchers to find out themselves how the imagery and symbolism evolve as the Cuban Revolution progresses and develops. ","\nLa Cuban Stamp Collection en las Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections es una recopilación integral de sellos postales que abarca la historia de Cuba durante este período transformador del siglo XX. Se extiende desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta los comienzos de la Revolución Cubana y sus efectos posteriores. Demuestra el cambio social y político a través de los sellos y cómo se utiliza este medio como propaganda de la revuelta. También muestra cómo se manejan las relaciones internacionales con otras naciones y cómo se promueven figuras culturales, las artes, el turismo, especies animales y plantas, y eventos mundiales. Esta colección consta de tres libros que contienen colecciones de sellos, con un rango de 500-600 sellos individuales por libro. La preservación de estos sellos ofrece a los investigadores la oportunidad de descubrir por sí mismos cómo evolucionan las imágenes y los símbolos a medida que avanza y se desarrolla la Revolución Cubana."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRights. The Cuban Stamps Collection are owned by Florida International University. Literary rights as possessed by the donor have been dedicated to public use for research, study, and scholarship. The collection is subject to all copyright laws.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Rights. The Cuban Stamps Collection are owned by Florida International University. Literary rights as possessed by the donor have been dedicated to public use for research, study, and scholarship. The collection is subject to all copyright laws."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_4174f2603576483c6691a9df651e17c6\"\u003eCollection of Cuban stamps from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Collection of Cuban stamps from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century."],"names_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"corpname_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"language_ssim":["English Spanish; Castilian"],"total_component_count_is":3,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"aa862cad77720b140698c8fb","timestamp":"2026-04-21T02:12:13.039Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"aa862cad77720b140698c8fb","title_ssm":["Cuban Stamps Collection"],"title_tesim":["Cuban Stamps Collection"],"ead_ssi":"aa862cad77720b140698c8fb","unitdate_ssm":["1855-1968"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1855-1968"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SPC9070","/repositories/2/resources/131"],"text":["SPC9070","/repositories/2/resources/131","Cuban Stamps Collection, 1855-1968","The collection is open for research.","The Cuban Stamp Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections offers valuable insight into Cuban history through postage stamps spanning the mid-19th to mid-20th century. These stamps reflect the cultural, social, and political events that shaped Cuba during this transformative period. From being under Spanish colonial rule, to the establishment of the Cuban Republic, and the rise of the Cuban Revolution, these historical events are mirrored in the stamps themselves. In 1855, Cuba issued its first postage stamp under Spanish rule, marking the beginning of its postal service. During this period, the stamps were heavily influenced by Spain and featured imagery of the Spanish monarchy, reinforcing the connection between the Spanish Empire and Cuba.","As the 19th century came to a close, the Spanish-American War marked a pivotal moment for Cuba, shifting from a colony to an independent nation in 1902. This period saw significant changes on the island, reflected in stamps that showcased national pride, symbols of independence, and images celebrating Cuba's rich history and culture. Additionally, these stamps were used to promote tourism to Cuba. Throughout the 20th century, Cuba experienced global events such as World War I, World War II, and the Great Depression. These events contributed to political instability and frequent government changes, signaling a period of crisis on the island. During the Cold War, as the Soviet Union rose to power, the Cuban Revolution of 1959 began to reshape the nation. The stamps from this period reflect the country's transformation, with imagery of revolutionary figures like Castro and Cienfuegos, and messaging that glorified the revolution and its progress.","This collection captures the evolution of Cuban stamps as a form of communication and propaganda, mirroring the island's growing sense of self-identity and its changing relationship with foreign powers. The stamps feature images of Cuban culture, art, historical figures, national flora and fauna, and the tourism industry, all serving as tools to promote Cuba to the world. Preserving this collection provides an opportunity to explore how Cuba transformed over the course of a century. Researchers can examine the shifting political ideologies, international relations, and national identities reflected in the stamps. The Cuban Stamp Collection at FIU is not only a historical archive but also a testament to the cultural and social changes of the 20th century.","\nEl Cuban Stamp Collection del Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections ofrece una valiosa perspectiva de la historia de Cuba a través de los sellos postales que abarcan desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta mediados del siglo XX. Estos sellos reflejan los eventos culturales, sociales y políticos que dieron forma a Cuba durante este período transformador. Desde el dominio colonial español, pasando por la creación de la República Cubana, hasta el surgimiento de la Revolución Cubana, estos eventos históricos se reflejan en los sellos mismos. En 1855, Cuba emitió su primer sello postal bajo el dominio español, marcando el comienzo de su servicio postal. Durante este período, los sellos estuvieron fuertemente influenciados por España e incluían imágenes de la monarquía española, reforzando la conexión entre el Imperio Español y Cuba.","Al final del siglo XIX, la Guerra Hispanoamericana marcó un momento clave para Cuba, pasando de ser una colonia a una nación independiente en 1902. Este período vio cambios significativos en la isla, reflejados en los sellos que mostraban el orgullo nacional, símbolos de independencia e imágenes que celebraban la rica historia y cultura de Cuba. Además, estos sellos fueron utilizados para promover el turismo hacia Cuba. A lo largo del siglo XX, Cuba experimentó eventos globales como la Primera y Segunda Guerra Mundial, y la Gran Depresión. Estos eventos contribuyeron a la inestabilidad política y a los frecuentes cambios de gobierno, lo que señaló un período de crisis en la isla. Durante la Guerra Fría, con el auge de la Unión Soviética, la Revolución Cubana de 1959 comenzó a remodelar la nación. Los sellos de este período reflejan la transformación del país, con imágenes de figuras revolucionarias como Castro y Cienfuegos, y mensajes que glorificaban la revolución y su progreso.","Esta colección captura la evolución de los sellos cubanos como una forma de comunicación y propaganda, reflejando el creciente sentido de identidad nacional de la isla y su cambiante relación con las potencias extranjeras. Los sellos presentan imágenes de la cultura cubana, el arte, figuras históricas, la flora y fauna nacional, y la industria del turismo, todas sirviendo como herramientas para promover Cuba al mundo. Preservar esta colección brinda la oportunidad de explorar cómo Cuba se transformó a lo largo de un siglo. Los investigadores pueden examinar las ideologías políticas cambiantes, las relaciones internacionales y las identidades nacionales reflejadas en los sellos. La Colección de Sellos de Cuba en FIU no es solo un archivo histórico, sino también un testimonio de los cambios culturales y sociales del siglo XX.","The Cuban Stamp Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections is a comprehensive assortment of postage stamps throughout the history of Cuba during this transformative period during the 20th century. It spans from the mid-19th century to the beginnings of the Cuban Revolution and its after effects. It demonstrates social political change through stamps and how they use this form of media to create propaganda of the revolt. It also shows how they handle international relations with other nations and how it promotes cultural figures, the arts, tourism, animal and plant species, and worldwide events. This collection offers three books worth of stamp collections, ranging from 500-600 individual stamps per book. Preserving these stamps gives opportunity for researchers to find out themselves how the imagery and symbolism evolve as the Cuban Revolution progresses and develops. ","\nLa Cuban Stamp Collection en las Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections es una recopilación integral de sellos postales que abarca la historia de Cuba durante este período transformador del siglo XX. Se extiende desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta los comienzos de la Revolución Cubana y sus efectos posteriores. Demuestra el cambio social y político a través de los sellos y cómo se utiliza este medio como propaganda de la revuelta. También muestra cómo se manejan las relaciones internacionales con otras naciones y cómo se promueven figuras culturales, las artes, el turismo, especies animales y plantas, y eventos mundiales. Esta colección consta de tres libros que contienen colecciones de sellos, con un rango de 500-600 sellos individuales por libro. La preservación de estos sellos ofrece a los investigadores la oportunidad de descubrir por sí mismos cómo evolucionan las imágenes y los símbolos a medida que avanza y se desarrolla la Revolución Cubana.","Rights. The Cuban Stamps Collection are owned by Florida International University. Literary rights as possessed by the donor have been dedicated to public use for research, study, and scholarship. The collection is subject to all copyright laws.","Collection of Cuban stamps from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century.","FIU Special Collections","English Spanish; Castilian"],"unitid_tesim":["SPC9070","/repositories/2/resources/131"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1855-1968"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Cuban Stamps Collection, 1855-1968"],"collection_title_tesim":["Cuban Stamps Collection, 1855-1968"],"collection_ssim":["Cuban Stamps Collection, 1855-1968"],"repository_ssm":["FIU Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["Rights. The Cuban Stamps Collection are owned by Florida International University. Literary rights as possessed by the donor have been dedicated to public use for research, study, and scholarship. The collection is subject to all copyright laws."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3 items"],"extent_tesim":["3 items"],"date_range_isim":[1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Cuban Stamp Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections offers valuable insight into Cuban history through postage stamps spanning the mid-19th to mid-20th century. These stamps reflect the cultural, social, and political events that shaped Cuba during this transformative period. From being under Spanish colonial rule, to the establishment of the Cuban Republic, and the rise of the Cuban Revolution, these historical events are mirrored in the stamps themselves. In 1855, Cuba issued its first postage stamp under Spanish rule, marking the beginning of its postal service. During this period, the stamps were heavily influenced by Spain and featured imagery of the Spanish monarchy, reinforcing the connection between the Spanish Empire and Cuba.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAs the 19th century came to a close, the Spanish-American War marked a pivotal moment for Cuba, shifting from a colony to an independent nation in 1902. This period saw significant changes on the island, reflected in stamps that showcased national pride, symbols of independence, and images celebrating Cuba's rich history and culture. Additionally, these stamps were used to promote tourism to Cuba. Throughout the 20th century, Cuba experienced global events such as World War I, World War II, and the Great Depression. These events contributed to political instability and frequent government changes, signaling a period of crisis on the island. During the Cold War, as the Soviet Union rose to power, the Cuban Revolution of 1959 began to reshape the nation. The stamps from this period reflect the country's transformation, with imagery of revolutionary figures like Castro and Cienfuegos, and messaging that glorified the revolution and its progress.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis collection captures the evolution of Cuban stamps as a form of communication and propaganda, mirroring the island's growing sense of self-identity and its changing relationship with foreign powers. The stamps feature images of Cuban culture, art, historical figures, national flora and fauna, and the tourism industry, all serving as tools to promote Cuba to the world. Preserving this collection provides an opportunity to explore how Cuba transformed over the course of a century. Researchers can examine the shifting political ideologies, international relations, and national identities reflected in the stamps. The Cuban Stamp Collection at FIU is not only a historical archive but also a testament to the cultural and social changes of the 20th century.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nEl Cuban Stamp Collection del Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections ofrece una valiosa perspectiva de la historia de Cuba a trav\u0026#xE9;s de los sellos postales que abarcan desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta mediados del siglo XX. Estos sellos reflejan los eventos culturales, sociales y pol\u0026#xED;ticos que dieron forma a Cuba durante este per\u0026#xED;odo transformador. Desde el dominio colonial espa\u0026#xF1;ol, pasando por la creaci\u0026#xF3;n de la Rep\u0026#xFA;blica Cubana, hasta el surgimiento de la Revoluci\u0026#xF3;n Cubana, estos eventos hist\u0026#xF3;ricos se reflejan en los sellos mismos. En 1855, Cuba emiti\u0026#xF3; su primer sello postal bajo el dominio espa\u0026#xF1;ol, marcando el comienzo de su servicio postal. Durante este per\u0026#xED;odo, los sellos estuvieron fuertemente influenciados por Espa\u0026#xF1;a e inclu\u0026#xED;an im\u0026#xE1;genes de la monarqu\u0026#xED;a espa\u0026#xF1;ola, reforzando la conexi\u0026#xF3;n entre el Imperio Espa\u0026#xF1;ol y Cuba.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAl final del siglo XIX, la Guerra Hispanoamericana marc\u0026#xF3; un momento clave para Cuba, pasando de ser una colonia a una naci\u0026#xF3;n independiente en 1902. Este per\u0026#xED;odo vio cambios significativos en la isla, reflejados en los sellos que mostraban el orgullo nacional, s\u0026#xED;mbolos de independencia e im\u0026#xE1;genes que celebraban la rica historia y cultura de Cuba. Adem\u0026#xE1;s, estos sellos fueron utilizados para promover el turismo hacia Cuba. A lo largo del siglo XX, Cuba experiment\u0026#xF3; eventos globales como la Primera y Segunda Guerra Mundial, y la Gran Depresi\u0026#xF3;n. Estos eventos contribuyeron a la inestabilidad pol\u0026#xED;tica y a los frecuentes cambios de gobierno, lo que se\u0026#xF1;al\u0026#xF3; un per\u0026#xED;odo de crisis en la isla. Durante la Guerra Fr\u0026#xED;a, con el auge de la Uni\u0026#xF3;n Sovi\u0026#xE9;tica, la Revoluci\u0026#xF3;n Cubana de 1959 comenz\u0026#xF3; a remodelar la naci\u0026#xF3;n. Los sellos de este per\u0026#xED;odo reflejan la transformaci\u0026#xF3;n del pa\u0026#xED;s, con im\u0026#xE1;genes de figuras revolucionarias como Castro y Cienfuegos, y mensajes que glorificaban la revoluci\u0026#xF3;n y su progreso.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEsta colecci\u0026#xF3;n captura la evoluci\u0026#xF3;n de los sellos cubanos como una forma de comunicaci\u0026#xF3;n y propaganda, reflejando el creciente sentido de identidad nacional de la isla y su cambiante relaci\u0026#xF3;n con las potencias extranjeras. Los sellos presentan im\u0026#xE1;genes de la cultura cubana, el arte, figuras hist\u0026#xF3;ricas, la flora y fauna nacional, y la industria del turismo, todas sirviendo como herramientas para promover Cuba al mundo. Preservar esta colecci\u0026#xF3;n brinda la oportunidad de explorar c\u0026#xF3;mo Cuba se transform\u0026#xF3; a lo largo de un siglo. Los investigadores pueden examinar las ideolog\u0026#xED;as pol\u0026#xED;ticas cambiantes, las relaciones internacionales y las identidades nacionales reflejadas en los sellos. La Colecci\u0026#xF3;n de Sellos de Cuba en FIU no es solo un archivo hist\u0026#xF3;rico, sino tambi\u0026#xE9;n un testimonio de los cambios culturales y sociales del siglo XX.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Cuban Stamp Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections offers valuable insight into Cuban history through postage stamps spanning the mid-19th to mid-20th century. These stamps reflect the cultural, social, and political events that shaped Cuba during this transformative period. From being under Spanish colonial rule, to the establishment of the Cuban Republic, and the rise of the Cuban Revolution, these historical events are mirrored in the stamps themselves. In 1855, Cuba issued its first postage stamp under Spanish rule, marking the beginning of its postal service. During this period, the stamps were heavily influenced by Spain and featured imagery of the Spanish monarchy, reinforcing the connection between the Spanish Empire and Cuba.","As the 19th century came to a close, the Spanish-American War marked a pivotal moment for Cuba, shifting from a colony to an independent nation in 1902. This period saw significant changes on the island, reflected in stamps that showcased national pride, symbols of independence, and images celebrating Cuba's rich history and culture. Additionally, these stamps were used to promote tourism to Cuba. Throughout the 20th century, Cuba experienced global events such as World War I, World War II, and the Great Depression. These events contributed to political instability and frequent government changes, signaling a period of crisis on the island. During the Cold War, as the Soviet Union rose to power, the Cuban Revolution of 1959 began to reshape the nation. The stamps from this period reflect the country's transformation, with imagery of revolutionary figures like Castro and Cienfuegos, and messaging that glorified the revolution and its progress.","This collection captures the evolution of Cuban stamps as a form of communication and propaganda, mirroring the island's growing sense of self-identity and its changing relationship with foreign powers. The stamps feature images of Cuban culture, art, historical figures, national flora and fauna, and the tourism industry, all serving as tools to promote Cuba to the world. Preserving this collection provides an opportunity to explore how Cuba transformed over the course of a century. Researchers can examine the shifting political ideologies, international relations, and national identities reflected in the stamps. The Cuban Stamp Collection at FIU is not only a historical archive but also a testament to the cultural and social changes of the 20th century.","\nEl Cuban Stamp Collection del Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections ofrece una valiosa perspectiva de la historia de Cuba a través de los sellos postales que abarcan desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta mediados del siglo XX. Estos sellos reflejan los eventos culturales, sociales y políticos que dieron forma a Cuba durante este período transformador. Desde el dominio colonial español, pasando por la creación de la República Cubana, hasta el surgimiento de la Revolución Cubana, estos eventos históricos se reflejan en los sellos mismos. En 1855, Cuba emitió su primer sello postal bajo el dominio español, marcando el comienzo de su servicio postal. Durante este período, los sellos estuvieron fuertemente influenciados por España e incluían imágenes de la monarquía española, reforzando la conexión entre el Imperio Español y Cuba.","Al final del siglo XIX, la Guerra Hispanoamericana marcó un momento clave para Cuba, pasando de ser una colonia a una nación independiente en 1902. Este período vio cambios significativos en la isla, reflejados en los sellos que mostraban el orgullo nacional, símbolos de independencia e imágenes que celebraban la rica historia y cultura de Cuba. Además, estos sellos fueron utilizados para promover el turismo hacia Cuba. A lo largo del siglo XX, Cuba experimentó eventos globales como la Primera y Segunda Guerra Mundial, y la Gran Depresión. Estos eventos contribuyeron a la inestabilidad política y a los frecuentes cambios de gobierno, lo que señaló un período de crisis en la isla. Durante la Guerra Fría, con el auge de la Unión Soviética, la Revolución Cubana de 1959 comenzó a remodelar la nación. Los sellos de este período reflejan la transformación del país, con imágenes de figuras revolucionarias como Castro y Cienfuegos, y mensajes que glorificaban la revolución y su progreso.","Esta colección captura la evolución de los sellos cubanos como una forma de comunicación y propaganda, reflejando el creciente sentido de identidad nacional de la isla y su cambiante relación con las potencias extranjeras. Los sellos presentan imágenes de la cultura cubana, el arte, figuras históricas, la flora y fauna nacional, y la industria del turismo, todas sirviendo como herramientas para promover Cuba al mundo. Preservar esta colección brinda la oportunidad de explorar cómo Cuba se transformó a lo largo de un siglo. Los investigadores pueden examinar las ideologías políticas cambiantes, las relaciones internacionales y las identidades nacionales reflejadas en los sellos. La Colección de Sellos de Cuba en FIU no es solo un archivo histórico, sino también un testimonio de los cambios culturales y sociales del siglo XX."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Cuban Stamp Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections is a comprehensive assortment of postage stamps throughout the history of Cuba during this transformative period during the 20th century. It spans from the mid-19th century to the beginnings of the Cuban Revolution and its after effects. It demonstrates social political change through stamps and how they use this form of media to create propaganda of the revolt. It also shows how they handle international relations with other nations and how it promotes cultural figures, the arts, tourism, animal and plant species, and worldwide events. This collection offers three books worth of stamp collections, ranging from 500-600 individual stamps per book. Preserving these stamps gives opportunity for researchers to find out themselves how the imagery and symbolism evolve as the Cuban Revolution progresses and develops. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nLa Cuban Stamp Collection en las Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections es una recopilaci\u0026#xF3;n integral de sellos postales que abarca la historia de Cuba durante este per\u0026#xED;odo transformador del siglo XX. Se extiende desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta los comienzos de la Revoluci\u0026#xF3;n Cubana y sus efectos posteriores. Demuestra el cambio social y pol\u0026#xED;tico a trav\u0026#xE9;s de los sellos y c\u0026#xF3;mo se utiliza este medio como propaganda de la revuelta. Tambi\u0026#xE9;n muestra c\u0026#xF3;mo se manejan las relaciones internacionales con otras naciones y c\u0026#xF3;mo se promueven figuras culturales, las artes, el turismo, especies animales y plantas, y eventos mundiales. Esta colecci\u0026#xF3;n consta de tres libros que contienen colecciones de sellos, con un rango de 500-600 sellos individuales por libro. La preservaci\u0026#xF3;n de estos sellos ofrece a los investigadores la oportunidad de descubrir por s\u0026#xED; mismos c\u0026#xF3;mo evolucionan las im\u0026#xE1;genes y los s\u0026#xED;mbolos a medida que avanza y se desarrolla la Revoluci\u0026#xF3;n Cubana.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Cuban Stamp Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections is a comprehensive assortment of postage stamps throughout the history of Cuba during this transformative period during the 20th century. It spans from the mid-19th century to the beginnings of the Cuban Revolution and its after effects. It demonstrates social political change through stamps and how they use this form of media to create propaganda of the revolt. It also shows how they handle international relations with other nations and how it promotes cultural figures, the arts, tourism, animal and plant species, and worldwide events. This collection offers three books worth of stamp collections, ranging from 500-600 individual stamps per book. Preserving these stamps gives opportunity for researchers to find out themselves how the imagery and symbolism evolve as the Cuban Revolution progresses and develops. ","\nLa Cuban Stamp Collection en las Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections es una recopilación integral de sellos postales que abarca la historia de Cuba durante este período transformador del siglo XX. Se extiende desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta los comienzos de la Revolución Cubana y sus efectos posteriores. Demuestra el cambio social y político a través de los sellos y cómo se utiliza este medio como propaganda de la revuelta. También muestra cómo se manejan las relaciones internacionales con otras naciones y cómo se promueven figuras culturales, las artes, el turismo, especies animales y plantas, y eventos mundiales. Esta colección consta de tres libros que contienen colecciones de sellos, con un rango de 500-600 sellos individuales por libro. La preservación de estos sellos ofrece a los investigadores la oportunidad de descubrir por sí mismos cómo evolucionan las imágenes y los símbolos a medida que avanza y se desarrolla la Revolución Cubana."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRights. The Cuban Stamps Collection are owned by Florida International University. Literary rights as possessed by the donor have been dedicated to public use for research, study, and scholarship. The collection is subject to all copyright laws.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Rights. The Cuban Stamps Collection are owned by Florida International University. Literary rights as possessed by the donor have been dedicated to public use for research, study, and scholarship. The collection is subject to all copyright laws."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_4174f2603576483c6691a9df651e17c6\"\u003eCollection of Cuban stamps from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Collection of Cuban stamps from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century."],"names_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"corpname_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"language_ssim":["English Spanish; Castilian"],"total_component_count_is":3,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"aa862cad77720b140698c8fb","timestamp":"2026-04-21T02:12:13.039Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/aa862cad77720b140698c8fb"}},{"id":"9c82e394cec8c38e5e7b9a93","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Cuban Tree Sample Collection, bulk 1900-2000","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/9c82e394cec8c38e5e7b9a93#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["Collection of various Cuban tree species samples throughout the 20th century."],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/9c82e394cec8c38e5e7b9a93#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"9c82e394cec8c38e5e7b9a93","title_ssm":["Cuban Tree Sample Collection"],"title_tesim":["Cuban Tree Sample Collection"],"ead_ssi":"9c82e394cec8c38e5e7b9a93","unitdate_ssm":["1900-2000"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1900-2000"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SPC9080","/repositories/2/resources/132"],"text":["SPC9080","/repositories/2/resources/132","Cuban Tree Sample Collection, bulk 1900-2000","The collection is open for research.","The Cuban Tree Sample Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections is a significant repository that traces the rich and diverse flora of trees in the island of Cuba. This collection was donated by Karla Ferrer back in 2024. This arrangement started in the 20th century and throughout, documenting common and unique tree specimens in the country. This is to better understand the ecological system that Cuba has and a way to preserve its biological heritage for generations to come. \nThe 307 samples in this collection, from various regions in the island of Cuba to represent the biodiversity that the country offers, from lush tropical forests to its coastal areas, the mountains to the urban cities. ","These 307 specimens are documented and labeled according to their local names, all grouped into 9 sheets for everyone to see it on display, touch and feel the specimens. The samples where cut, dried, and pressed unto these sheets, this serves as not only a scientific resource but as in important cultural artifact reflecting their roles in Cuban life. They share historical significance, for their use of traditional medicines and agriculture to their symbolic importance in Cuban society. ","The Cuban Tree Sample Collection serves as a useful resource for researchers, educators, students, conservationists alike, offering insights into the island nation of Cuba's plant life and its ecological heritage. ","\nLa Colección de Muestras de Árboles Cubanos en las Colecciones Especiales de la Universidad Internacional de Florida (FIU) es un importante repositorio que rastrea la rica y diversa flora de árboles de la isla de Cuba. Esta colección fue donada por Karla Ferrer en 2024. El arreglo de esta colección comenzó en el siglo XX y, a lo largo del tiempo, documentó ejemplares comunes y únicos de árboles en el país. El objetivo de esta recopilación es comprender mejor el sistema ecológico de Cuba y preservar su patrimonio biológico para las futuras generaciones.","Las 307 muestras de esta colección provienen de diversas regiones de la isla de Cuba, representando la biodiversidad que ofrece el país, desde sus exuberantes bosques tropicales hasta sus zonas costeras, las montañas y las ciudades urbanas. Estas 307 muestras están documentadas y etiquetadas de acuerdo con sus nombres locales, todas agrupadas en 9 hojas para ser exhibidas, tocadas y observadas por el público. Las muestras fueron cortadas, secadas y prensadas sobre estas hojas, lo que las convierte no solo en un recurso científico, sino en un importante artefacto cultural que refleja su papel en la vida cubana. Tienen un significado histórico, ya que se utilizan en la medicina tradicional, la agricultura y poseen una importancia simbólica en la sociedad cubana.","La Colección de Muestras de Árboles Cubanos sirve como un recurso útil para investigadores, educadores, estudiantes y conservacionistas, ofreciendo una visión de la vida vegetal de la nación insular de Cuba y su herencia ecológica.","The Cuban Tree Sample Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections is an arranged compilation of various tree species that can be found in the island of Cuba, a total of 307 different samples throughout the country grouped into 9 sheets to display. Collected throughout the 20th century, it gives researchers and those who are curious an idea of a comprehensive overlook on the country's unique and rich biodiversity that are integral to the ecosystem to the island nation of Cuba. These botanical specimens are preserved records for those who are interested in Cuban flora and preservation. Their historical and cultural significance of different tree species and their role in Cuban society, whether that be for uses in traditional medicine, agriculture, and crafts in local folklore. This collection provides insight into the island's plant life, ecological and environmental diversity that helped shaped Cuba's natural beauty. ","\nLa Colección de Muestras de Árboles Cubanos en las Colecciones Especiales de la Universidad Internacional de Florida (FIU) es una compilación organizada de diversas especies de árboles que se pueden encontrar en la isla de Cuba, un total de 307 muestras diferentes de todo el país agrupadas en 9 hojas de exhibición. Recogidas a lo largo del siglo XX, ofrece a los investigadores y a aquellos interesados una visión integral de la biodiversidad única y rica que es fundamental para el ecosistema de la nación insular de Cuba. Estos especímenes botánicos son registros preservados para quienes están interesados en la flora cubana y su conservación. La importancia histórica y cultural de las diferentes especies de árboles y su papel en la sociedad cubana, ya sea para su uso en la medicina tradicional, la agricultura, la artesanía o el folclore local, es un aspecto relevante de esta colección. Esta colección ofrece una visión sobre la vida vegetal de la isla, la diversidad ecológica y ambiental que ayudó a dar forma a la belleza natural de Cuba.","Rights. The Cuban Tree Sample Collection are owned by Florida International University. Literary rights as possessed by the donor have been dedicated to public use for research, study, and scholarship. The collection is subject to all copyright laws.","Collection of various Cuban tree species samples throughout the 20th century.","FIU Special Collections","Spanish; Castilian"],"unitid_tesim":["SPC9080","/repositories/2/resources/132"],"normalized_date_ssm":["bulk 1900-2000"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Cuban Tree Sample Collection, bulk 1900-2000"],"collection_title_tesim":["Cuban Tree Sample Collection, bulk 1900-2000"],"collection_ssim":["Cuban Tree Sample Collection, bulk 1900-2000"],"repository_ssm":["FIU Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["Rights. The Cuban Tree Sample Collection are owned by Florida International University. Literary rights as possessed by the donor have been dedicated to public use for research, study, and scholarship. The collection is subject to all copyright laws."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["9 Sheets 307 Tree Samples"],"extent_tesim":["9 Sheets 307 Tree Samples"],"date_range_isim":[1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Cuban Tree Sample Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections is a significant repository that traces the rich and diverse flora of trees in the island of Cuba. This collection was donated by Karla Ferrer back in 2024. This arrangement started in the 20th century and throughout, documenting common and unique tree specimens in the country. This is to better understand the ecological system that Cuba has and a way to preserve its biological heritage for generations to come. \nThe 307 samples in this collection, from various regions in the island of Cuba to represent the biodiversity that the country offers, from lush tropical forests to its coastal areas, the mountains to the urban cities. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThese 307 specimens are documented and labeled according to their local names, all grouped into 9 sheets for everyone to see it on display, touch and feel the specimens. The samples where cut, dried, and pressed unto these sheets, this serves as not only a scientific resource but as in important cultural artifact reflecting their roles in Cuban life. They share historical significance, for their use of traditional medicines and agriculture to their symbolic importance in Cuban society. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Cuban Tree Sample Collection serves as a useful resource for researchers, educators, students, conservationists alike, offering insights into the island nation of Cuba's plant life and its ecological heritage. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nLa Colecci\u0026#xF3;n de Muestras de \u0026#xC1;rboles Cubanos en las Colecciones Especiales de la Universidad Internacional de Florida (FIU) es un importante repositorio que rastrea la rica y diversa flora de \u0026#xE1;rboles de la isla de Cuba. Esta colecci\u0026#xF3;n fue donada por Karla Ferrer en 2024. El arreglo de esta colecci\u0026#xF3;n comenz\u0026#xF3; en el siglo XX y, a lo largo del tiempo, document\u0026#xF3; ejemplares comunes y \u0026#xFA;nicos de \u0026#xE1;rboles en el pa\u0026#xED;s. El objetivo de esta recopilaci\u0026#xF3;n es comprender mejor el sistema ecol\u0026#xF3;gico de Cuba y preservar su patrimonio biol\u0026#xF3;gico para las futuras generaciones.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLas 307 muestras de esta colecci\u0026#xF3;n provienen de diversas regiones de la isla de Cuba, representando la biodiversidad que ofrece el pa\u0026#xED;s, desde sus exuberantes bosques tropicales hasta sus zonas costeras, las monta\u0026#xF1;as y las ciudades urbanas. Estas 307 muestras est\u0026#xE1;n documentadas y etiquetadas de acuerdo con sus nombres locales, todas agrupadas en 9 hojas para ser exhibidas, tocadas y observadas por el p\u0026#xFA;blico. Las muestras fueron cortadas, secadas y prensadas sobre estas hojas, lo que las convierte no solo en un recurso cient\u0026#xED;fico, sino en un importante artefacto cultural que refleja su papel en la vida cubana. Tienen un significado hist\u0026#xF3;rico, ya que se utilizan en la medicina tradicional, la agricultura y poseen una importancia simb\u0026#xF3;lica en la sociedad cubana.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLa Colecci\u0026#xF3;n de Muestras de \u0026#xC1;rboles Cubanos sirve como un recurso \u0026#xFA;til para investigadores, educadores, estudiantes y conservacionistas, ofreciendo una visi\u0026#xF3;n de la vida vegetal de la naci\u0026#xF3;n insular de Cuba y su herencia ecol\u0026#xF3;gica.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Cuban Tree Sample Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections is a significant repository that traces the rich and diverse flora of trees in the island of Cuba. This collection was donated by Karla Ferrer back in 2024. This arrangement started in the 20th century and throughout, documenting common and unique tree specimens in the country. This is to better understand the ecological system that Cuba has and a way to preserve its biological heritage for generations to come. \nThe 307 samples in this collection, from various regions in the island of Cuba to represent the biodiversity that the country offers, from lush tropical forests to its coastal areas, the mountains to the urban cities. ","These 307 specimens are documented and labeled according to their local names, all grouped into 9 sheets for everyone to see it on display, touch and feel the specimens. The samples where cut, dried, and pressed unto these sheets, this serves as not only a scientific resource but as in important cultural artifact reflecting their roles in Cuban life. They share historical significance, for their use of traditional medicines and agriculture to their symbolic importance in Cuban society. ","The Cuban Tree Sample Collection serves as a useful resource for researchers, educators, students, conservationists alike, offering insights into the island nation of Cuba's plant life and its ecological heritage. ","\nLa Colección de Muestras de Árboles Cubanos en las Colecciones Especiales de la Universidad Internacional de Florida (FIU) es un importante repositorio que rastrea la rica y diversa flora de árboles de la isla de Cuba. Esta colección fue donada por Karla Ferrer en 2024. El arreglo de esta colección comenzó en el siglo XX y, a lo largo del tiempo, documentó ejemplares comunes y únicos de árboles en el país. El objetivo de esta recopilación es comprender mejor el sistema ecológico de Cuba y preservar su patrimonio biológico para las futuras generaciones.","Las 307 muestras de esta colección provienen de diversas regiones de la isla de Cuba, representando la biodiversidad que ofrece el país, desde sus exuberantes bosques tropicales hasta sus zonas costeras, las montañas y las ciudades urbanas. Estas 307 muestras están documentadas y etiquetadas de acuerdo con sus nombres locales, todas agrupadas en 9 hojas para ser exhibidas, tocadas y observadas por el público. Las muestras fueron cortadas, secadas y prensadas sobre estas hojas, lo que las convierte no solo en un recurso científico, sino en un importante artefacto cultural que refleja su papel en la vida cubana. Tienen un significado histórico, ya que se utilizan en la medicina tradicional, la agricultura y poseen una importancia simbólica en la sociedad cubana.","La Colección de Muestras de Árboles Cubanos sirve como un recurso útil para investigadores, educadores, estudiantes y conservacionistas, ofreciendo una visión de la vida vegetal de la nación insular de Cuba y su herencia ecológica."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Cuban Tree Sample Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections is an arranged compilation of various tree species that can be found in the island of Cuba, a total of 307 different samples throughout the country grouped into 9 sheets to display. Collected throughout the 20th century, it gives researchers and those who are curious an idea of a comprehensive overlook on the country's unique and rich biodiversity that are integral to the ecosystem to the island nation of Cuba. These botanical specimens are preserved records for those who are interested in Cuban flora and preservation. Their historical and cultural significance of different tree species and their role in Cuban society, whether that be for uses in traditional medicine, agriculture, and crafts in local folklore. This collection provides insight into the island's plant life, ecological and environmental diversity that helped shaped Cuba's natural beauty. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nLa Colecci\u0026#xF3;n de Muestras de \u0026#xC1;rboles Cubanos en las Colecciones Especiales de la Universidad Internacional de Florida (FIU) es una compilaci\u0026#xF3;n organizada de diversas especies de \u0026#xE1;rboles que se pueden encontrar en la isla de Cuba, un total de 307 muestras diferentes de todo el pa\u0026#xED;s agrupadas en 9 hojas de exhibici\u0026#xF3;n. Recogidas a lo largo del siglo XX, ofrece a los investigadores y a aquellos interesados una visi\u0026#xF3;n integral de la biodiversidad \u0026#xFA;nica y rica que es fundamental para el ecosistema de la naci\u0026#xF3;n insular de Cuba. Estos espec\u0026#xED;menes bot\u0026#xE1;nicos son registros preservados para quienes est\u0026#xE1;n interesados en la flora cubana y su conservaci\u0026#xF3;n. La importancia hist\u0026#xF3;rica y cultural de las diferentes especies de \u0026#xE1;rboles y su papel en la sociedad cubana, ya sea para su uso en la medicina tradicional, la agricultura, la artesan\u0026#xED;a o el folclore local, es un aspecto relevante de esta colecci\u0026#xF3;n. Esta colecci\u0026#xF3;n ofrece una visi\u0026#xF3;n sobre la vida vegetal de la isla, la diversidad ecol\u0026#xF3;gica y ambiental que ayud\u0026#xF3; a dar forma a la belleza natural de Cuba.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Cuban Tree Sample Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections is an arranged compilation of various tree species that can be found in the island of Cuba, a total of 307 different samples throughout the country grouped into 9 sheets to display. Collected throughout the 20th century, it gives researchers and those who are curious an idea of a comprehensive overlook on the country's unique and rich biodiversity that are integral to the ecosystem to the island nation of Cuba. These botanical specimens are preserved records for those who are interested in Cuban flora and preservation. Their historical and cultural significance of different tree species and their role in Cuban society, whether that be for uses in traditional medicine, agriculture, and crafts in local folklore. This collection provides insight into the island's plant life, ecological and environmental diversity that helped shaped Cuba's natural beauty. ","\nLa Colección de Muestras de Árboles Cubanos en las Colecciones Especiales de la Universidad Internacional de Florida (FIU) es una compilación organizada de diversas especies de árboles que se pueden encontrar en la isla de Cuba, un total de 307 muestras diferentes de todo el país agrupadas en 9 hojas de exhibición. Recogidas a lo largo del siglo XX, ofrece a los investigadores y a aquellos interesados una visión integral de la biodiversidad única y rica que es fundamental para el ecosistema de la nación insular de Cuba. Estos especímenes botánicos son registros preservados para quienes están interesados en la flora cubana y su conservación. La importancia histórica y cultural de las diferentes especies de árboles y su papel en la sociedad cubana, ya sea para su uso en la medicina tradicional, la agricultura, la artesanía o el folclore local, es un aspecto relevante de esta colección. Esta colección ofrece una visión sobre la vida vegetal de la isla, la diversidad ecológica y ambiental que ayudó a dar forma a la belleza natural de Cuba."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRights. The Cuban Tree Sample Collection are owned by Florida International University. Literary rights as possessed by the donor have been dedicated to public use for research, study, and scholarship. The collection is subject to all copyright laws.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Rights. The Cuban Tree Sample Collection are owned by Florida International University. Literary rights as possessed by the donor have been dedicated to public use for research, study, and scholarship. The collection is subject to all copyright laws."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_0ead03125445d2e6f8ef8c73ada4e38a\"\u003eCollection of various Cuban tree species samples throughout the 20th century.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Collection of various Cuban tree species samples throughout the 20th century."],"names_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"corpname_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"language_ssim":["Spanish; Castilian"],"total_component_count_is":9,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870844485654544384,"_root_":"9c82e394cec8c38e5e7b9a93","timestamp":"2026-07-16T04:32:15.959Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"9c82e394cec8c38e5e7b9a93","title_ssm":["Cuban Tree Sample Collection"],"title_tesim":["Cuban Tree Sample Collection"],"ead_ssi":"9c82e394cec8c38e5e7b9a93","unitdate_ssm":["1900-2000"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1900-2000"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SPC9080","/repositories/2/resources/132"],"text":["SPC9080","/repositories/2/resources/132","Cuban Tree Sample Collection, bulk 1900-2000","The collection is open for research.","The Cuban Tree Sample Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections is a significant repository that traces the rich and diverse flora of trees in the island of Cuba. This collection was donated by Karla Ferrer back in 2024. This arrangement started in the 20th century and throughout, documenting common and unique tree specimens in the country. This is to better understand the ecological system that Cuba has and a way to preserve its biological heritage for generations to come. \nThe 307 samples in this collection, from various regions in the island of Cuba to represent the biodiversity that the country offers, from lush tropical forests to its coastal areas, the mountains to the urban cities. ","These 307 specimens are documented and labeled according to their local names, all grouped into 9 sheets for everyone to see it on display, touch and feel the specimens. The samples where cut, dried, and pressed unto these sheets, this serves as not only a scientific resource but as in important cultural artifact reflecting their roles in Cuban life. They share historical significance, for their use of traditional medicines and agriculture to their symbolic importance in Cuban society. ","The Cuban Tree Sample Collection serves as a useful resource for researchers, educators, students, conservationists alike, offering insights into the island nation of Cuba's plant life and its ecological heritage. ","\nLa Colección de Muestras de Árboles Cubanos en las Colecciones Especiales de la Universidad Internacional de Florida (FIU) es un importante repositorio que rastrea la rica y diversa flora de árboles de la isla de Cuba. Esta colección fue donada por Karla Ferrer en 2024. El arreglo de esta colección comenzó en el siglo XX y, a lo largo del tiempo, documentó ejemplares comunes y únicos de árboles en el país. El objetivo de esta recopilación es comprender mejor el sistema ecológico de Cuba y preservar su patrimonio biológico para las futuras generaciones.","Las 307 muestras de esta colección provienen de diversas regiones de la isla de Cuba, representando la biodiversidad que ofrece el país, desde sus exuberantes bosques tropicales hasta sus zonas costeras, las montañas y las ciudades urbanas. Estas 307 muestras están documentadas y etiquetadas de acuerdo con sus nombres locales, todas agrupadas en 9 hojas para ser exhibidas, tocadas y observadas por el público. Las muestras fueron cortadas, secadas y prensadas sobre estas hojas, lo que las convierte no solo en un recurso científico, sino en un importante artefacto cultural que refleja su papel en la vida cubana. Tienen un significado histórico, ya que se utilizan en la medicina tradicional, la agricultura y poseen una importancia simbólica en la sociedad cubana.","La Colección de Muestras de Árboles Cubanos sirve como un recurso útil para investigadores, educadores, estudiantes y conservacionistas, ofreciendo una visión de la vida vegetal de la nación insular de Cuba y su herencia ecológica.","The Cuban Tree Sample Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections is an arranged compilation of various tree species that can be found in the island of Cuba, a total of 307 different samples throughout the country grouped into 9 sheets to display. Collected throughout the 20th century, it gives researchers and those who are curious an idea of a comprehensive overlook on the country's unique and rich biodiversity that are integral to the ecosystem to the island nation of Cuba. These botanical specimens are preserved records for those who are interested in Cuban flora and preservation. Their historical and cultural significance of different tree species and their role in Cuban society, whether that be for uses in traditional medicine, agriculture, and crafts in local folklore. This collection provides insight into the island's plant life, ecological and environmental diversity that helped shaped Cuba's natural beauty. ","\nLa Colección de Muestras de Árboles Cubanos en las Colecciones Especiales de la Universidad Internacional de Florida (FIU) es una compilación organizada de diversas especies de árboles que se pueden encontrar en la isla de Cuba, un total de 307 muestras diferentes de todo el país agrupadas en 9 hojas de exhibición. Recogidas a lo largo del siglo XX, ofrece a los investigadores y a aquellos interesados una visión integral de la biodiversidad única y rica que es fundamental para el ecosistema de la nación insular de Cuba. Estos especímenes botánicos son registros preservados para quienes están interesados en la flora cubana y su conservación. La importancia histórica y cultural de las diferentes especies de árboles y su papel en la sociedad cubana, ya sea para su uso en la medicina tradicional, la agricultura, la artesanía o el folclore local, es un aspecto relevante de esta colección. Esta colección ofrece una visión sobre la vida vegetal de la isla, la diversidad ecológica y ambiental que ayudó a dar forma a la belleza natural de Cuba.","Rights. The Cuban Tree Sample Collection are owned by Florida International University. Literary rights as possessed by the donor have been dedicated to public use for research, study, and scholarship. The collection is subject to all copyright laws.","Collection of various Cuban tree species samples throughout the 20th century.","FIU Special Collections","Spanish; Castilian"],"unitid_tesim":["SPC9080","/repositories/2/resources/132"],"normalized_date_ssm":["bulk 1900-2000"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Cuban Tree Sample Collection, bulk 1900-2000"],"collection_title_tesim":["Cuban Tree Sample Collection, bulk 1900-2000"],"collection_ssim":["Cuban Tree Sample Collection, bulk 1900-2000"],"repository_ssm":["FIU Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["Rights. The Cuban Tree Sample Collection are owned by Florida International University. Literary rights as possessed by the donor have been dedicated to public use for research, study, and scholarship. The collection is subject to all copyright laws."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["9 Sheets 307 Tree Samples"],"extent_tesim":["9 Sheets 307 Tree Samples"],"date_range_isim":[1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Cuban Tree Sample Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections is a significant repository that traces the rich and diverse flora of trees in the island of Cuba. This collection was donated by Karla Ferrer back in 2024. This arrangement started in the 20th century and throughout, documenting common and unique tree specimens in the country. This is to better understand the ecological system that Cuba has and a way to preserve its biological heritage for generations to come. \nThe 307 samples in this collection, from various regions in the island of Cuba to represent the biodiversity that the country offers, from lush tropical forests to its coastal areas, the mountains to the urban cities. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThese 307 specimens are documented and labeled according to their local names, all grouped into 9 sheets for everyone to see it on display, touch and feel the specimens. The samples where cut, dried, and pressed unto these sheets, this serves as not only a scientific resource but as in important cultural artifact reflecting their roles in Cuban life. They share historical significance, for their use of traditional medicines and agriculture to their symbolic importance in Cuban society. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Cuban Tree Sample Collection serves as a useful resource for researchers, educators, students, conservationists alike, offering insights into the island nation of Cuba's plant life and its ecological heritage. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nLa Colecci\u0026#xF3;n de Muestras de \u0026#xC1;rboles Cubanos en las Colecciones Especiales de la Universidad Internacional de Florida (FIU) es un importante repositorio que rastrea la rica y diversa flora de \u0026#xE1;rboles de la isla de Cuba. Esta colecci\u0026#xF3;n fue donada por Karla Ferrer en 2024. El arreglo de esta colecci\u0026#xF3;n comenz\u0026#xF3; en el siglo XX y, a lo largo del tiempo, document\u0026#xF3; ejemplares comunes y \u0026#xFA;nicos de \u0026#xE1;rboles en el pa\u0026#xED;s. El objetivo de esta recopilaci\u0026#xF3;n es comprender mejor el sistema ecol\u0026#xF3;gico de Cuba y preservar su patrimonio biol\u0026#xF3;gico para las futuras generaciones.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLas 307 muestras de esta colecci\u0026#xF3;n provienen de diversas regiones de la isla de Cuba, representando la biodiversidad que ofrece el pa\u0026#xED;s, desde sus exuberantes bosques tropicales hasta sus zonas costeras, las monta\u0026#xF1;as y las ciudades urbanas. Estas 307 muestras est\u0026#xE1;n documentadas y etiquetadas de acuerdo con sus nombres locales, todas agrupadas en 9 hojas para ser exhibidas, tocadas y observadas por el p\u0026#xFA;blico. Las muestras fueron cortadas, secadas y prensadas sobre estas hojas, lo que las convierte no solo en un recurso cient\u0026#xED;fico, sino en un importante artefacto cultural que refleja su papel en la vida cubana. Tienen un significado hist\u0026#xF3;rico, ya que se utilizan en la medicina tradicional, la agricultura y poseen una importancia simb\u0026#xF3;lica en la sociedad cubana.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLa Colecci\u0026#xF3;n de Muestras de \u0026#xC1;rboles Cubanos sirve como un recurso \u0026#xFA;til para investigadores, educadores, estudiantes y conservacionistas, ofreciendo una visi\u0026#xF3;n de la vida vegetal de la naci\u0026#xF3;n insular de Cuba y su herencia ecol\u0026#xF3;gica.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Cuban Tree Sample Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections is a significant repository that traces the rich and diverse flora of trees in the island of Cuba. This collection was donated by Karla Ferrer back in 2024. This arrangement started in the 20th century and throughout, documenting common and unique tree specimens in the country. This is to better understand the ecological system that Cuba has and a way to preserve its biological heritage for generations to come. \nThe 307 samples in this collection, from various regions in the island of Cuba to represent the biodiversity that the country offers, from lush tropical forests to its coastal areas, the mountains to the urban cities. ","These 307 specimens are documented and labeled according to their local names, all grouped into 9 sheets for everyone to see it on display, touch and feel the specimens. The samples where cut, dried, and pressed unto these sheets, this serves as not only a scientific resource but as in important cultural artifact reflecting their roles in Cuban life. They share historical significance, for their use of traditional medicines and agriculture to their symbolic importance in Cuban society. ","The Cuban Tree Sample Collection serves as a useful resource for researchers, educators, students, conservationists alike, offering insights into the island nation of Cuba's plant life and its ecological heritage. ","\nLa Colección de Muestras de Árboles Cubanos en las Colecciones Especiales de la Universidad Internacional de Florida (FIU) es un importante repositorio que rastrea la rica y diversa flora de árboles de la isla de Cuba. Esta colección fue donada por Karla Ferrer en 2024. El arreglo de esta colección comenzó en el siglo XX y, a lo largo del tiempo, documentó ejemplares comunes y únicos de árboles en el país. El objetivo de esta recopilación es comprender mejor el sistema ecológico de Cuba y preservar su patrimonio biológico para las futuras generaciones.","Las 307 muestras de esta colección provienen de diversas regiones de la isla de Cuba, representando la biodiversidad que ofrece el país, desde sus exuberantes bosques tropicales hasta sus zonas costeras, las montañas y las ciudades urbanas. Estas 307 muestras están documentadas y etiquetadas de acuerdo con sus nombres locales, todas agrupadas en 9 hojas para ser exhibidas, tocadas y observadas por el público. Las muestras fueron cortadas, secadas y prensadas sobre estas hojas, lo que las convierte no solo en un recurso científico, sino en un importante artefacto cultural que refleja su papel en la vida cubana. Tienen un significado histórico, ya que se utilizan en la medicina tradicional, la agricultura y poseen una importancia simbólica en la sociedad cubana.","La Colección de Muestras de Árboles Cubanos sirve como un recurso útil para investigadores, educadores, estudiantes y conservacionistas, ofreciendo una visión de la vida vegetal de la nación insular de Cuba y su herencia ecológica."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Cuban Tree Sample Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections is an arranged compilation of various tree species that can be found in the island of Cuba, a total of 307 different samples throughout the country grouped into 9 sheets to display. Collected throughout the 20th century, it gives researchers and those who are curious an idea of a comprehensive overlook on the country's unique and rich biodiversity that are integral to the ecosystem to the island nation of Cuba. These botanical specimens are preserved records for those who are interested in Cuban flora and preservation. Their historical and cultural significance of different tree species and their role in Cuban society, whether that be for uses in traditional medicine, agriculture, and crafts in local folklore. This collection provides insight into the island's plant life, ecological and environmental diversity that helped shaped Cuba's natural beauty. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nLa Colecci\u0026#xF3;n de Muestras de \u0026#xC1;rboles Cubanos en las Colecciones Especiales de la Universidad Internacional de Florida (FIU) es una compilaci\u0026#xF3;n organizada de diversas especies de \u0026#xE1;rboles que se pueden encontrar en la isla de Cuba, un total de 307 muestras diferentes de todo el pa\u0026#xED;s agrupadas en 9 hojas de exhibici\u0026#xF3;n. Recogidas a lo largo del siglo XX, ofrece a los investigadores y a aquellos interesados una visi\u0026#xF3;n integral de la biodiversidad \u0026#xFA;nica y rica que es fundamental para el ecosistema de la naci\u0026#xF3;n insular de Cuba. Estos espec\u0026#xED;menes bot\u0026#xE1;nicos son registros preservados para quienes est\u0026#xE1;n interesados en la flora cubana y su conservaci\u0026#xF3;n. La importancia hist\u0026#xF3;rica y cultural de las diferentes especies de \u0026#xE1;rboles y su papel en la sociedad cubana, ya sea para su uso en la medicina tradicional, la agricultura, la artesan\u0026#xED;a o el folclore local, es un aspecto relevante de esta colecci\u0026#xF3;n. Esta colecci\u0026#xF3;n ofrece una visi\u0026#xF3;n sobre la vida vegetal de la isla, la diversidad ecol\u0026#xF3;gica y ambiental que ayud\u0026#xF3; a dar forma a la belleza natural de Cuba.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Cuban Tree Sample Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections is an arranged compilation of various tree species that can be found in the island of Cuba, a total of 307 different samples throughout the country grouped into 9 sheets to display. Collected throughout the 20th century, it gives researchers and those who are curious an idea of a comprehensive overlook on the country's unique and rich biodiversity that are integral to the ecosystem to the island nation of Cuba. These botanical specimens are preserved records for those who are interested in Cuban flora and preservation. Their historical and cultural significance of different tree species and their role in Cuban society, whether that be for uses in traditional medicine, agriculture, and crafts in local folklore. This collection provides insight into the island's plant life, ecological and environmental diversity that helped shaped Cuba's natural beauty. ","\nLa Colección de Muestras de Árboles Cubanos en las Colecciones Especiales de la Universidad Internacional de Florida (FIU) es una compilación organizada de diversas especies de árboles que se pueden encontrar en la isla de Cuba, un total de 307 muestras diferentes de todo el país agrupadas en 9 hojas de exhibición. Recogidas a lo largo del siglo XX, ofrece a los investigadores y a aquellos interesados una visión integral de la biodiversidad única y rica que es fundamental para el ecosistema de la nación insular de Cuba. Estos especímenes botánicos son registros preservados para quienes están interesados en la flora cubana y su conservación. La importancia histórica y cultural de las diferentes especies de árboles y su papel en la sociedad cubana, ya sea para su uso en la medicina tradicional, la agricultura, la artesanía o el folclore local, es un aspecto relevante de esta colección. Esta colección ofrece una visión sobre la vida vegetal de la isla, la diversidad ecológica y ambiental que ayudó a dar forma a la belleza natural de Cuba."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRights. The Cuban Tree Sample Collection are owned by Florida International University. Literary rights as possessed by the donor have been dedicated to public use for research, study, and scholarship. The collection is subject to all copyright laws.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Rights. The Cuban Tree Sample Collection are owned by Florida International University. Literary rights as possessed by the donor have been dedicated to public use for research, study, and scholarship. The collection is subject to all copyright laws."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_0ead03125445d2e6f8ef8c73ada4e38a\"\u003eCollection of various Cuban tree species samples throughout the 20th century.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Collection of various Cuban tree species samples throughout the 20th century."],"names_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"corpname_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"language_ssim":["Spanish; Castilian"],"total_component_count_is":9,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870844485654544384,"_root_":"9c82e394cec8c38e5e7b9a93","timestamp":"2026-07-16T04:32:15.959Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/9c82e394cec8c38e5e7b9a93"}},{"id":"731b674a396f199a6d388d63_aspace_c48156c9d3a59c3fda97b69eae2529b0","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Cuba-U.S. Foreign Policy, 1961","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/731b674a396f199a6d388d63_aspace_c48156c9d3a59c3fda97b69eae2529b0#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_c48156c9d3a59c3fda97b69eae2529b0","ref_ssm":["aspace_c48156c9d3a59c3fda97b69eae2529b0","aspace_c48156c9d3a59c3fda97b69eae2529b0"],"id":"731b674a396f199a6d388d63_aspace_c48156c9d3a59c3fda97b69eae2529b0","title_filing_ssi":"Cuba-U.S. Foreign Policy","title_ssm":["Cuba-U.S. Foreign Policy"],"title_tesim":["Cuba-U.S. Foreign Policy"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1961"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1961"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Cuba-U.S. Foreign Policy, 1961"],"text":["Cuba-U.S. Foreign Policy, 1961","Congressman James A. Haley Collection, 1948-1977","U.S. Congressional Papers","Cuba-U.S. Foreign Policy","/repositories/2/archival_objects/26768","box 103","folder 4"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["731b674a396f199a6d388d63","731b674a396f199a6d388d63_aspace_5741d34efd25f269c0c7a777de774a22","731b674a396f199a6d388d63_aspace_25bafeb535b86c92b0c8289cbaa4ffc9"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Congressman James A. Haley Collection, 1948-1977","U.S. Congressional Papers","Cuba-U.S. Foreign Policy"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Congressman James A. Haley Collection, 1948-1977","U.S. Congressional Papers","Cuba-U.S. Foreign Policy"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Subgroup","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/2/archival_objects/26768"],"repository_ssim":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Congressman James A. Haley Collection, 1948-1977"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":1296,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to\nunprocessed born digital materials."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The Congressman James A. Haley Papers are owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by\nthe copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Please inquire if you have questions -\narchives@flsouthern.edu. ","Constituent Correspondence files are restricted from publication until 2052"],"date_range_isim":[1961],"containers_ssim":["box 103","folder 4"],"_nest_path_":"/components#4/components#120/components#0","_nest_parent_":"731b674a396f199a6d388d63_aspace_25bafeb535b86c92b0c8289cbaa4ffc9","_root_":"731b674a396f199a6d388d63","_version_":1875924461057736704,"timestamp":"2026-09-10T06:16:17.977Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"731b674a396f199a6d388d63","title_ssm":["Congressman James A. Haley Collection"],"title_tesim":["Congressman James A. Haley Collection"],"ead_ssi":"731b674a396f199a6d388d63","unitdate_ssm":["1948-1977"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1948-1977"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS1040","/repositories/2/resources/17"],"text":["MS1040","/repositories/2/resources/17","Congressman James A. Haley Collection, 1948-1977","Washington D.C.","Florida--Politics","Lakeland and Polk County Politics","United States. Congress","House of Representatives--Florida--State Legislature","Circus--management","Correspondence","Clippings","Speeches","This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to\nunprocessed born digital materials.","The materials in this collection were maintained by the subject's staff by issue and date. With some modifications allowing for clarity, they have been arranged in a similar fashion. However, you will find that individual issues may appear under multiple subject headings. For example, \"Watergate\" may\nappear under its own heading as well as under \"Richard Nixon\" or \"Nixon Administration.\" Please note that even though the files are arranged by issue, some correspondence might also be located in \"catch-all\" categories such as \"Haley Bills: Master File: 83rd Congress: 1953-1954,\"\n\"Correspondence: 19XX,\" to use but two examples.","James A. Haley, as chairman of the House Interior Committee during the 1970s, was instrumental in the creation of Big Cypress National Preserve. Franklin Adams lobbied for the establishment of the Big Cypress National Preserve along with many other environmental issues. The Franklin Adams Papers are housed at Florida International University. The Franklin Adams Collection, SPC9000, at Florida International University, Miami. ","James Andrew Haley (January 4, 1899 – August 6, 1981) was a U.S. Representative from Florida. Born in Jacksonville, Alabama, Haley attended the public schools and the University of Alabama. He served in the U.S. Army during World War I, and saw combat in France. He was an accountant in Sarasota, Florida, from 1920 to 1933 and served as general manager of the John Ringling estate from 1933 to 1943.\nOn December 4, 1942, Haley married Aubrey Ringling (née Aubrey Barlow Black), the widow of Richard T. Ringling who had died in 1931. Richard Ringling was the son of one of the original Ringling brothers. From 1943 to 1945, he was the first vice president of Ringling Circus and president and\ndirector of Ringling Brothers, Barnum \u0026 Bailey. In 1944, a fire broke out at a Ringling Circus show in Hartford, Connecticut that killed 169 persons. As a result of the fire he and five other circus officials pleaded no contest to charges of involuntary manslaughter and were sentenced to prison. He served\neight months and in 1945 was returned to Florida, where he received a pardon from Governor Millard F. Caldwell. Upon his release from prison, Haley again served as president and director for the Ringling Bros. and Barnum and Bailey Circus of Sarasota from 1946 to 1948. He engaged in newspaper publishing and\nlater in general printing business. He served as chairman of the Democratic Executive Committee of Sarasota County 1935–1952. He was elected and served as member of the Florida House of Representatives from 1949 to 1952. He was a delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1952, 1956, and 1960.\nHaley was elected as a Democrat to the Eighty-third and to the eleven succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1953 – January 3, 1977). He was a member of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, the Hospital Subcommittee of the Veterans Affair Committee, and the Indian Affairs Subcommittee. He served as chairman of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs (Ninety-third\nand Ninety-fourth Congresses). Haley was not a candidate for reelection to the Ninety-fifth Congress in 1976.","Haley died in Sarasota on August 6, 1981 and was interred in Boca Raton Cemetery in Boca Raton,FL. The James A. Haley Veterans Hospital located in Tampa is named for him. ","Sources: U.S. House of Representatives Official Biography and Haley Papers biographical data, 2018","The James A. Haley Papers consist of his personal and political papers. Correspondence, clippings, newsletters, photographs, congressional reports, and awards from various civic and political organizations give insight into Haley's public interests. Photographs of his wife, the Circus and political\naffiliates uncover the many facets of Haley's life. A limited amount of biographical information, including news articles about his death, reflect on how this public figure kept his private life private. Of note is the\nseries about the Hartford Circus fire. ","The Papers are arranged in five collections: Personal, Hartford Circus Fire, Political, Florida House of Representatives, and U.S. Congressional.","The Personal papers, arranged alphabetically by format, consists of calendars, correspondence, newsletters, photographs, awards and other ephemera giving a broad look into Haley's life in and out of office. A limited amount of biographical information, including news articles about his death, is included.","Haley Papers\nCorrespondence, newsletters, and awards from various civic and political organizations show the range of Haley's public interests while the invitations he accepted give a sense of the social life of a congressman in the 1950s-1970s. Congratulatory messages may give insight into who he counted\namong his political allies. The correspondence in this series, 1940-1981, the bulk of which are letters from Haley's time in the U.S. House of Representative (1953-1976) is of a general nature and may not be of a specific topic, but often must still be viewed as official. Since Haley was a public figure, the materials in this series should be viewed in the context that public figures kept their private life private.","The ephemera is mostly three-dimensional objects from Haley's office. The photographs within this series are also generally of an official nature. They are arranged by subject. Of particular note are the\nphotographs of Haley with several U.S. Presidents. Please see a digital exhibit at\nhttp://www.flsouthern.edu/library/mckay-archives/digital-exhibits/haley-presidents.aspx.","The Hartford Circus Fire collection encompasses documentation of the burning of a tent at the Ringling Bros. and Barnum \u0026 Baily Circus in Hartford, Connecticut on July 6, 1944, the loss of 150 lives, and the resulting trial. As first vice president of the Company, James A. Haley took responsibility, was found\nguilty of manslaughter, and served time in a federal prison. The documentation is comprised of, but not limited to, correspondence, news clippings, financial documents and court records. Correspondence takes the form of letters and telegrams with topics between Haley and staff and Haley and lawyers about what happened in the fire and with the trial. There are also letters to Haley while he is in jail, mostly regarding his personal health and welfare. There are extensive newspaper clippings about the fire and the trial. Corporate information includes circus routes, minutes and by-laws. The financial documents are extensive and record the financial standing of the circus, while Court Records consist of trial scripts, pleas, and scripts from the parole hearing. Anyone searching for general understanding of the events of the fire should look at the newspapers, and then the letters and telegrams.","The Political Papers collection concerns Haley's campaigns and party work. As a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, Haley was up for reelection every two years. The Campaign Files sub-series contains correspondence, government records, news articles, and other documents related to the subject's political campaigns between 1952 and 1974. Of special interest are the endorsements which how where and from whom he received his political support from.","The Democratic Party sub-collection reflects the subject's involvement with his political party. He served as a delegate to several Democratic National Conventions over the course of his career. He also took an interest in other political races throughout Florida and the nation. This series contains correspondence and newspaper articles concerning elections not specific to the subject, as well as general party information for candidates and booklets produced for the conventions.","The Florida House of Representatives collection encompass Haley's career as the State Representative for Sarasota County in the Florida House of Representatives. Haley held this office from 1948-1952. The materials are arranged in as logical order as possible. There was no discernable order prior to processing as the materials had been housed and rehoused several times since they were donated to the college. Of special note are the materials related to the Haley Committee Investigating Crime, which investigated political corruption and organized crime in the state. The collection also includes materials concerning state issues of the day, as well as issues specific to Sarasota County. Additionally, there are reference materials used by the subject in the performance of his duties. The Haley Committee on Investigating Crime sub-series contains transcripts of hearings, proceedings,\ncorrespondence, and news articles related to this committee, while the Issues sub-series is arranged Haley Papers\nalphabetically and contains correspondence, legislation, news articles, and reference material related to the respective issue. The Reference sub-series contain Florida House and Senate Bill Summaries, Legislative calendars, House and Senate Journals, and roll call votes. And, the Sarasota District subseries contain correspondence, reference materials, and news articles related specifically to that district.","The U.S. Congressional Papers, the largest collection, comprise the political aspects of Haley's US congressional career. The materials are arranged in alphabetical order created by his office. Haley held a seat representing the southwest coast and heartland of Florida from 1953-1977. The materials in this\nseries contain correspondence, articles, government documents, and photographs; they cover nearly every major issue to confront the United States during the 1950s through the 1970s. Of special note is the constituent correspondence, which are letters from citizens to Haley asking for information or help on a variety of topics. Letters and telegrams sent to Haley by citizens in his district give a sense of the\nviews of the general public concerning the issues of the era. Haley's views are expressed in his replies. The materials are arranged alphabetically by issue and date. This arrangement closely corresponds to how they were filed in the subject's office. Please note that even though the files are arranged by issue, some correspondence might also be located in \"catch-all\" categories such as \"Haley Bills: Master File: 83rd Congress: 1953-1954,\"\n\"Correspondence: 19XX,\" to use but two examples. ","The Congressman James A. Haley Papers are owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by\nthe copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Please inquire if you have questions -\narchives@flsouthern.edu. ","Constituent Correspondence files are restricted from publication until 2052","The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections","Haley, James A., Congressman ","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS1040","/repositories/2/resources/17"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1948-1977"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Congressman James A. Haley Collection, 1948-1977"],"collection_title_tesim":["Congressman James A. Haley Collection, 1948-1977"],"collection_ssim":["Congressman James A. Haley Collection, 1948-1977"],"repository_ssm":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections"],"repository_ssim":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Washington D.C."],"geogname_ssim":["Washington D.C."],"creator_ssm":["Haley, James A., Congressman "],"creator_ssim":["Haley, James A., Congressman "],"creator_persname_ssim":["Haley, James A., Congressman "],"creators_ssim":["Haley, James A., Congressman "],"places_ssim":["Washington D.C."],"access_terms_ssm":["The Congressman James A. Haley Papers are owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by\nthe copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Please inquire if you have questions -\narchives@flsouthern.edu. ","Constituent Correspondence files are restricted from publication until 2052"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Florida--Politics","Lakeland and Polk County Politics","United States. Congress","House of Representatives--Florida--State Legislature","Circus--management","Correspondence","Clippings","Speeches"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Florida--Politics","Lakeland and Polk County Politics","United States. Congress","House of Representatives--Florida--State Legislature","Circus--management","Correspondence","Clippings","Speeches"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["150 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["150 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Clippings","Speeches"],"date_range_isim":[1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to\nunprocessed born digital materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to\nunprocessed born digital materials."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this collection were maintained by the subject's staff by issue and date. With some modifications allowing for clarity, they have been arranged in a similar fashion. However, you will find that individual issues may appear under multiple subject headings. For example, \"Watergate\" may\nappear under its own heading as well as under \"Richard Nixon\" or \"Nixon Administration.\" Please note that even though the files are arranged by issue, some correspondence might also be located in \"catch-all\" categories such as \"Haley Bills: Master File: 83rd Congress: 1953-1954,\"\n\"Correspondence: 19XX,\" to use but two examples.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJames A. Haley, as chairman of the House Interior Committee during the 1970s, was instrumental in the creation of Big Cypress National Preserve. Franklin Adams lobbied for the establishment of the Big Cypress National Preserve along with many other environmental issues. The Franklin Adams Papers are housed at Florida International University. The Franklin Adams Collection, SPC9000, at Florida International University, Miami. \u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The materials in this collection were maintained by the subject's staff by issue and date. With some modifications allowing for clarity, they have been arranged in a similar fashion. However, you will find that individual issues may appear under multiple subject headings. For example, \"Watergate\" may\nappear under its own heading as well as under \"Richard Nixon\" or \"Nixon Administration.\" Please note that even though the files are arranged by issue, some correspondence might also be located in \"catch-all\" categories such as \"Haley Bills: Master File: 83rd Congress: 1953-1954,\"\n\"Correspondence: 19XX,\" to use but two examples.","James A. Haley, as chairman of the House Interior Committee during the 1970s, was instrumental in the creation of Big Cypress National Preserve. Franklin Adams lobbied for the establishment of the Big Cypress National Preserve along with many other environmental issues. The Franklin Adams Papers are housed at Florida International University. The Franklin Adams Collection, SPC9000, at Florida International University, Miami. "],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames Andrew Haley (January 4, 1899 \u0026#x2013; August 6, 1981) was a U.S. Representative from Florida. Born in Jacksonville, Alabama, Haley attended the public schools and the University of Alabama. He served in the U.S. Army during World War I, and saw combat in France. He was an accountant in Sarasota, Florida, from 1920 to 1933 and served as general manager of the John Ringling estate from 1933 to 1943.\nOn December 4, 1942, Haley married Aubrey Ringling (n\u0026#xE9;e Aubrey Barlow Black), the widow of Richard T. Ringling who had died in 1931. Richard Ringling was the son of one of the original Ringling brothers. From 1943 to 1945, he was the first vice president of Ringling Circus and president and\ndirector of Ringling Brothers, Barnum \u0026amp; Bailey. In 1944, a fire broke out at a Ringling Circus show in Hartford, Connecticut that killed 169 persons. As a result of the fire he and five other circus officials pleaded no contest to charges of involuntary manslaughter and were sentenced to prison. He served\neight months and in 1945 was returned to Florida, where he received a pardon from Governor Millard F. Caldwell. Upon his release from prison, Haley again served as president and director for the Ringling Bros. and Barnum and Bailey Circus of Sarasota from 1946 to 1948. He engaged in newspaper publishing and\nlater in general printing business. He served as chairman of the Democratic Executive Committee of Sarasota County 1935\u0026#x2013;1952. He was elected and served as member of the Florida House of Representatives from 1949 to 1952. He was a delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1952, 1956, and 1960.\nHaley was elected as a Democrat to the Eighty-third and to the eleven succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1953 \u0026#x2013; January 3, 1977). He was a member of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, the Hospital Subcommittee of the Veterans Affair Committee, and the Indian Affairs Subcommittee. He served as chairman of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs (Ninety-third\nand Ninety-fourth Congresses). Haley was not a candidate for reelection to the Ninety-fifth Congress in 1976.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHaley died in Sarasota on August 6, 1981 and was interred in Boca Raton Cemetery in Boca Raton,FL. The James A. Haley Veterans Hospital located in Tampa is named for him. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources: U.S. House of Representatives Official Biography and Haley Papers biographical data, 2018\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["James Andrew Haley (January 4, 1899 – August 6, 1981) was a U.S. Representative from Florida. Born in Jacksonville, Alabama, Haley attended the public schools and the University of Alabama. He served in the U.S. Army during World War I, and saw combat in France. He was an accountant in Sarasota, Florida, from 1920 to 1933 and served as general manager of the John Ringling estate from 1933 to 1943.\nOn December 4, 1942, Haley married Aubrey Ringling (née Aubrey Barlow Black), the widow of Richard T. Ringling who had died in 1931. Richard Ringling was the son of one of the original Ringling brothers. From 1943 to 1945, he was the first vice president of Ringling Circus and president and\ndirector of Ringling Brothers, Barnum \u0026 Bailey. In 1944, a fire broke out at a Ringling Circus show in Hartford, Connecticut that killed 169 persons. As a result of the fire he and five other circus officials pleaded no contest to charges of involuntary manslaughter and were sentenced to prison. He served\neight months and in 1945 was returned to Florida, where he received a pardon from Governor Millard F. Caldwell. Upon his release from prison, Haley again served as president and director for the Ringling Bros. and Barnum and Bailey Circus of Sarasota from 1946 to 1948. He engaged in newspaper publishing and\nlater in general printing business. He served as chairman of the Democratic Executive Committee of Sarasota County 1935–1952. He was elected and served as member of the Florida House of Representatives from 1949 to 1952. He was a delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1952, 1956, and 1960.\nHaley was elected as a Democrat to the Eighty-third and to the eleven succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1953 – January 3, 1977). He was a member of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, the Hospital Subcommittee of the Veterans Affair Committee, and the Indian Affairs Subcommittee. He served as chairman of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs (Ninety-third\nand Ninety-fourth Congresses). Haley was not a candidate for reelection to the Ninety-fifth Congress in 1976.","Haley died in Sarasota on August 6, 1981 and was interred in Boca Raton Cemetery in Boca Raton,FL. The James A. Haley Veterans Hospital located in Tampa is named for him. ","Sources: U.S. House of Representatives Official Biography and Haley Papers biographical data, 2018"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe James A. Haley Papers consist of his personal and political papers. Correspondence, clippings, newsletters, photographs, congressional reports, and awards from various civic and political organizations give insight into Haley's public interests. Photographs of his wife, the Circus and political\naffiliates uncover the many facets of Haley's life. A limited amount of biographical information, including news articles about his death, reflect on how this public figure kept his private life private. Of note is the\nseries about the Hartford Circus fire. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Papers are arranged in five collections: Personal, Hartford Circus Fire, Political, Florida House of Representatives, and U.S. Congressional.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Personal papers, arranged alphabetically by format, consists of calendars, correspondence, newsletters, photographs, awards and other ephemera giving a broad look into Haley's life in and out of office. A limited amount of biographical information, including news articles about his death, is included.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHaley Papers\nCorrespondence, newsletters, and awards from various civic and political organizations show the range of Haley's public interests while the invitations he accepted give a sense of the social life of a congressman in the 1950s-1970s. Congratulatory messages may give insight into who he counted\namong his political allies. The correspondence in this series, 1940-1981, the bulk of which are letters from Haley's time in the U.S. House of Representative (1953-1976) is of a general nature and may not be of a specific topic, but often must still be viewed as official. Since Haley was a public figure, the materials in this series should be viewed in the context that public figures kept their private life private.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe ephemera is mostly three-dimensional objects from Haley's office. The photographs within this series are also generally of an official nature. They are arranged by subject. Of particular note are the\nphotographs of Haley with several U.S. Presidents. Please see a digital exhibit at\nhttp://www.flsouthern.edu/library/mckay-archives/digital-exhibits/haley-presidents.aspx.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Hartford Circus Fire collection encompasses documentation of the burning of a tent at the Ringling Bros. and Barnum \u0026amp; Baily Circus in Hartford, Connecticut on July 6, 1944, the loss of 150 lives, and the resulting trial. As first vice president of the Company, James A. Haley took responsibility, was found\nguilty of manslaughter, and served time in a federal prison. The documentation is comprised of, but not limited to, correspondence, news clippings, financial documents and court records. Correspondence takes the form of letters and telegrams with topics between Haley and staff and Haley and lawyers about what happened in the fire and with the trial. There are also letters to Haley while he is in jail, mostly regarding his personal health and welfare. There are extensive newspaper clippings about the fire and the trial. Corporate information includes circus routes, minutes and by-laws. The financial documents are extensive and record the financial standing of the circus, while Court Records consist of trial scripts, pleas, and scripts from the parole hearing. Anyone searching for general understanding of the events of the fire should look at the newspapers, and then the letters and telegrams.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Political Papers collection concerns Haley's campaigns and party work. As a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, Haley was up for reelection every two years. The Campaign Files sub-series contains correspondence, government records, news articles, and other documents related to the subject's political campaigns between 1952 and 1974. Of special interest are the endorsements which how where and from whom he received his political support from.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Democratic Party sub-collection reflects the subject's involvement with his political party. He served as a delegate to several Democratic National Conventions over the course of his career. He also took an interest in other political races throughout Florida and the nation. This series contains correspondence and newspaper articles concerning elections not specific to the subject, as well as general party information for candidates and booklets produced for the conventions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Florida House of Representatives collection encompass Haley's career as the State Representative for Sarasota County in the Florida House of Representatives. Haley held this office from 1948-1952. The materials are arranged in as logical order as possible. There was no discernable order prior to processing as the materials had been housed and rehoused several times since they were donated to the college. Of special note are the materials related to the Haley Committee Investigating Crime, which investigated political corruption and organized crime in the state. The collection also includes materials concerning state issues of the day, as well as issues specific to Sarasota County. Additionally, there are reference materials used by the subject in the performance of his duties. The Haley Committee on Investigating Crime sub-series contains transcripts of hearings, proceedings,\ncorrespondence, and news articles related to this committee, while the Issues sub-series is arranged Haley Papers\nalphabetically and contains correspondence, legislation, news articles, and reference material related to the respective issue. The Reference sub-series contain Florida House and Senate Bill Summaries, Legislative calendars, House and Senate Journals, and roll call votes. And, the Sarasota District subseries contain correspondence, reference materials, and news articles related specifically to that district.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. Congressional Papers, the largest collection, comprise the political aspects of Haley's US congressional career. The materials are arranged in alphabetical order created by his office. Haley held a seat representing the southwest coast and heartland of Florida from 1953-1977. The materials in this\nseries contain correspondence, articles, government documents, and photographs; they cover nearly every major issue to confront the United States during the 1950s through the 1970s. Of special note is the constituent correspondence, which are letters from citizens to Haley asking for information or help on a variety of topics. Letters and telegrams sent to Haley by citizens in his district give a sense of the\nviews of the general public concerning the issues of the era. Haley's views are expressed in his replies. The materials are arranged alphabetically by issue and date. This arrangement closely corresponds to how they were filed in the subject's office. Please note that even though the files are arranged by issue, some correspondence might also be located in \"catch-all\" categories such as \"Haley Bills: Master File: 83rd Congress: 1953-1954,\"\n\"Correspondence: 19XX,\" to use but two examples. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The James A. Haley Papers consist of his personal and political papers. Correspondence, clippings, newsletters, photographs, congressional reports, and awards from various civic and political organizations give insight into Haley's public interests. Photographs of his wife, the Circus and political\naffiliates uncover the many facets of Haley's life. A limited amount of biographical information, including news articles about his death, reflect on how this public figure kept his private life private. Of note is the\nseries about the Hartford Circus fire. ","The Papers are arranged in five collections: Personal, Hartford Circus Fire, Political, Florida House of Representatives, and U.S. Congressional.","The Personal papers, arranged alphabetically by format, consists of calendars, correspondence, newsletters, photographs, awards and other ephemera giving a broad look into Haley's life in and out of office. A limited amount of biographical information, including news articles about his death, is included.","Haley Papers\nCorrespondence, newsletters, and awards from various civic and political organizations show the range of Haley's public interests while the invitations he accepted give a sense of the social life of a congressman in the 1950s-1970s. Congratulatory messages may give insight into who he counted\namong his political allies. The correspondence in this series, 1940-1981, the bulk of which are letters from Haley's time in the U.S. House of Representative (1953-1976) is of a general nature and may not be of a specific topic, but often must still be viewed as official. Since Haley was a public figure, the materials in this series should be viewed in the context that public figures kept their private life private.","The ephemera is mostly three-dimensional objects from Haley's office. The photographs within this series are also generally of an official nature. They are arranged by subject. Of particular note are the\nphotographs of Haley with several U.S. Presidents. Please see a digital exhibit at\nhttp://www.flsouthern.edu/library/mckay-archives/digital-exhibits/haley-presidents.aspx.","The Hartford Circus Fire collection encompasses documentation of the burning of a tent at the Ringling Bros. and Barnum \u0026 Baily Circus in Hartford, Connecticut on July 6, 1944, the loss of 150 lives, and the resulting trial. As first vice president of the Company, James A. Haley took responsibility, was found\nguilty of manslaughter, and served time in a federal prison. The documentation is comprised of, but not limited to, correspondence, news clippings, financial documents and court records. Correspondence takes the form of letters and telegrams with topics between Haley and staff and Haley and lawyers about what happened in the fire and with the trial. There are also letters to Haley while he is in jail, mostly regarding his personal health and welfare. There are extensive newspaper clippings about the fire and the trial. Corporate information includes circus routes, minutes and by-laws. The financial documents are extensive and record the financial standing of the circus, while Court Records consist of trial scripts, pleas, and scripts from the parole hearing. Anyone searching for general understanding of the events of the fire should look at the newspapers, and then the letters and telegrams.","The Political Papers collection concerns Haley's campaigns and party work. As a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, Haley was up for reelection every two years. The Campaign Files sub-series contains correspondence, government records, news articles, and other documents related to the subject's political campaigns between 1952 and 1974. Of special interest are the endorsements which how where and from whom he received his political support from.","The Democratic Party sub-collection reflects the subject's involvement with his political party. He served as a delegate to several Democratic National Conventions over the course of his career. He also took an interest in other political races throughout Florida and the nation. This series contains correspondence and newspaper articles concerning elections not specific to the subject, as well as general party information for candidates and booklets produced for the conventions.","The Florida House of Representatives collection encompass Haley's career as the State Representative for Sarasota County in the Florida House of Representatives. Haley held this office from 1948-1952. The materials are arranged in as logical order as possible. There was no discernable order prior to processing as the materials had been housed and rehoused several times since they were donated to the college. Of special note are the materials related to the Haley Committee Investigating Crime, which investigated political corruption and organized crime in the state. The collection also includes materials concerning state issues of the day, as well as issues specific to Sarasota County. Additionally, there are reference materials used by the subject in the performance of his duties. The Haley Committee on Investigating Crime sub-series contains transcripts of hearings, proceedings,\ncorrespondence, and news articles related to this committee, while the Issues sub-series is arranged Haley Papers\nalphabetically and contains correspondence, legislation, news articles, and reference material related to the respective issue. The Reference sub-series contain Florida House and Senate Bill Summaries, Legislative calendars, House and Senate Journals, and roll call votes. And, the Sarasota District subseries contain correspondence, reference materials, and news articles related specifically to that district.","The U.S. Congressional Papers, the largest collection, comprise the political aspects of Haley's US congressional career. The materials are arranged in alphabetical order created by his office. Haley held a seat representing the southwest coast and heartland of Florida from 1953-1977. The materials in this\nseries contain correspondence, articles, government documents, and photographs; they cover nearly every major issue to confront the United States during the 1950s through the 1970s. Of special note is the constituent correspondence, which are letters from citizens to Haley asking for information or help on a variety of topics. Letters and telegrams sent to Haley by citizens in his district give a sense of the\nviews of the general public concerning the issues of the era. Haley's views are expressed in his replies. The materials are arranged alphabetically by issue and date. This arrangement closely corresponds to how they were filed in the subject's office. Please note that even though the files are arranged by issue, some correspondence might also be located in \"catch-all\" categories such as \"Haley Bills: Master File: 83rd Congress: 1953-1954,\"\n\"Correspondence: 19XX,\" to use but two examples. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Congressman James A. Haley Papers are owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by\nthe copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Please inquire if you have questions -\narchives@flsouthern.edu. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eConstituent Correspondence files are restricted from publication until 2052\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Congressman James A. Haley Papers are owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by\nthe copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Please inquire if you have questions -\narchives@flsouthern.edu. ","Constituent Correspondence files are restricted from publication until 2052"],"names_ssim":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections","Haley, James A., Congressman "],"corpname_ssim":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Haley, James A., Congressman "],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":4376,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1875924461057736704,"_root_":"731b674a396f199a6d388d63","timestamp":"2026-09-10T06:16:17.977Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/731b674a396f199a6d388d63_aspace_c48156c9d3a59c3fda97b69eae2529b0"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014","value":"Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014","hits":387},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Michael+A.+Spencer+Bromeliad+Research+Collection%2C+1754-2014\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006","value":"Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006","hits":135},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Niara+Sudarkasa+Collection%2C+1934-2006\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Dorothy Porter Wesley Collection, Circa 1788-2012","value":"Dorothy Porter Wesley Collection, Circa 1788-2012","hits":112},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Dorothy+Porter+Wesley+Collection%2C+Circa+1788-2012\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Children's Home Society of Florida collection, 1862-2019, bulk 1902-1997","value":"Children's Home Society of Florida collection, 1862-2019, bulk 1902-1997","hits":97},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Children%27s+Home+Society+of+Florida+collection%2C+1862-2019%2C+bulk+1902-1997\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection, 1871 - 2006","value":"Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection, 1871 - 2006","hits":81},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Dr.+Heather+Frazer+and+Dr.+John+O%27Sullivan+Research+Collection%2C+1871+-+2006\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Easter Lily Gates Collection, 1898-1982","value":"Easter Lily Gates Collection, 1898-1982","hits":78},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Easter+Lily+Gates+Collection%2C+1898-1982\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Florida Ephemera collection, circa 1813-2007","value":"Florida Ephemera collection, circa 1813-2007","hits":77},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Florida+Ephemera+collection%2C+circa+1813-2007\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Florida Bandmasters Association Records, 1936-2010","value":"Florida Bandmasters Association Records, 1936-2010","hits":60},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Florida+Bandmasters+Association+Records%2C+1936-2010\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013","value":"José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013","hits":54},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Jos%C3%A9+Guerra+Alem%C3%A1n+Collection%2C+1887-2013\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Louis Miano Theater Collection, 1896-2017","value":"Louis Miano Theater Collection, 1896-2017","hits":54},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Louis+Miano+Theater+Collection%2C+1896-2017\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"UCF Home Movie Archives, Circa 1920-1989, Circa 2010-2014, Undated., bulk 1950-1987.","value":"UCF Home Movie Archives, Circa 1920-1989, Circa 2010-2014, Undated., bulk 1950-1987.","hits":54},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=UCF+Home+Movie+Archives%2C+Circa+1920-1989%2C+Circa+2010-2014%2C+Undated.%2C+bulk+1950-1987.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026view=compact"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/facet/collection_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"facet","id":"creator_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Creator","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Florida Southern College","value":"Florida Southern College","hits":12},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Florida+Southern+College\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"University of South Florida. Library. Special Collections Department","value":"University of South Florida. Library. Special Collections Department","hits":5},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=University+of+South+Florida.+Library.+Special+Collections+Department\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Florida Audubon Society","value":"Florida Audubon Society","hits":4},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Florida+Audubon+Society\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Levine, Seymour","value":"Levine, Seymour","hits":4},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Levine%2C+Seymour\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Mickler, Georgine, 1914-1998","value":"Mickler, Georgine, 1914-1998","hits":4},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Mickler%2C+Georgine%2C+1914-1998\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Mickler, Thomas, 1912-1997","value":"Mickler, Thomas, 1912-1997","hits":4},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Mickler%2C+Thomas%2C+1912-1997\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Anonymous","value":"Anonymous","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Anonymous\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Dunn, Hampton (Henry Hampton), 1916-2002","value":"Dunn, Hampton (Henry Hampton), 1916-2002","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Dunn%2C+Hampton+%28Henry+Hampton%29%2C+1916-2002\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Florida State University","value":"Florida State University","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Florida+State+University\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Letson, Arthur (Sethuel Arthur), 1921-1995","value":"Letson, Arthur (Sethuel Arthur), 1921-1995","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Letson%2C+Arthur+%28Sethuel+Arthur%29%2C+1921-1995\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Mormino, Gary Ross (1947-)","value":"Mormino, Gary Ross (1947-)","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Mormino%2C+Gary+Ross+%281947-%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026view=compact"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/facet/creator_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"facet","id":"date_range_isim","attributes":{"label":"Date range","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"1961","value":"1961","hits":4066},"links":{"remove":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1962","value":"1962","hits":3401},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1962\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1960","value":"1960","hits":3365},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1960\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1963","value":"1963","hits":3235},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1963\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1964","value":"1964","hits":3132},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1964\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1959","value":"1959","hits":3059},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1959\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1965","value":"1965","hits":3018},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1965\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1958","value":"1958","hits":2930},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1958\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1966","value":"1966","hits":2897},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1966\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1957","value":"1957","hits":2833},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1957\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1967","value":"1967","hits":2833},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1967\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1968","value":"1968","hits":2763},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1968\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1956","value":"1956","hits":2725},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1956\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1969","value":"1969","hits":2667},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1969\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1955","value":"1955","hits":2658},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1955\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1954","value":"1954","hits":2561},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1954\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1970","value":"1970","hits":2558},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1953","value":"1953","hits":2506},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1953\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1952","value":"1952","hits":2433},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1952\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1971","value":"1971","hits":2428},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1971\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1972","value":"1972","hits":2381},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1972\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1951","value":"1951","hits":2379},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1951\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1973","value":"1973","hits":2314},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1973\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1950","value":"1950","hits":2311},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1950\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1974","value":"1974","hits":2265},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1975","value":"1975","hits":2214},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1975\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1949","value":"1949","hits":2201},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1949\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1976","value":"1976","hits":2166},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1976\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1948","value":"1948","hits":2145},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1948\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1977","value":"1977","hits":2097},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1977\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1947","value":"1947","hits":2078},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1947\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1978","value":"1978","hits":2038},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1978\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1946","value":"1946","hits":2037},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1946\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1979","value":"1979","hits":1994},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1979\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1945","value":"1945","hits":1972},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1945\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1980","value":"1980","hits":1927},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1980\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1944","value":"1944","hits":1860},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1944\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1981","value":"1981","hits":1804},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1981\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1943","value":"1943","hits":1783},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1943\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1982","value":"1982","hits":1743},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1982\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1983","value":"1983","hits":1683},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1983\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1942","value":"1942","hits":1673},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1942\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1984","value":"1984","hits":1626},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1984\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1985","value":"1985","hits":1577},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1985\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1941","value":"1941","hits":1551},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1941\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1986","value":"1986","hits":1517},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1986\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1940","value":"1940","hits":1479},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1940\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1987","value":"1987","hits":1465},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1987\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1988","value":"1988","hits":1411},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1988\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1939","value":"1939","hits":1365},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1939\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1989","value":"1989","hits":1346},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1989\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1938","value":"1938","hits":1302},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1938\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1990","value":"1990","hits":1271},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1990\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1937","value":"1937","hits":1241},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1937\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1936","value":"1936","hits":1185},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1936\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1991","value":"1991","hits":1167},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1991\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1935","value":"1935","hits":1148},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1935\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1992","value":"1992","hits":1120},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1992\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1934","value":"1934","hits":1114},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1934\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1933","value":"1933","hits":1086},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1933\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1993","value":"1993","hits":1081},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1993\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1932","value":"1932","hits":1064},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1932\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1931","value":"1931","hits":1045},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1931\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1930","value":"1930","hits":1028},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1930\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1994","value":"1994","hits":1021},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1994\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1929","value":"1929","hits":977},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1929\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1995","value":"1995","hits":964},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1995\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1928","value":"1928","hits":961},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1928\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1927","value":"1927","hits":942},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1927\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1926","value":"1926","hits":920},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1926\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1996","value":"1996","hits":915},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1996\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1925","value":"1925","hits":897},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1925\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1997","value":"1997","hits":886},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1997\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1924","value":"1924","hits":866},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1924\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1998","value":"1998","hits":846},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1998\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1923","value":"1923","hits":844},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1923\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1922","value":"1922","hits":816},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1922\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1921","value":"1921","hits":785},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1921\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1999","value":"1999","hits":785},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1999\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1920","value":"1920","hits":769},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1920\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"2000","value":"2000","hits":715},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1919","value":"1919","hits":714},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1919\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1918","value":"1918","hits":694},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1918\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1917","value":"1917","hits":682},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1917\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1916","value":"1916","hits":669},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1916\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1915","value":"1915","hits":654},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1915\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1914","value":"1914","hits":631},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1914\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"2001","value":"2001","hits":619},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2001\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1913","value":"1913","hits":612},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1913\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1912","value":"1912","hits":602},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1912\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1911","value":"1911","hits":580},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1911\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"2002","value":"2002","hits":568},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2002\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1910","value":"1910","hits":567},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1910\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1909","value":"1909","hits":543},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1909\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1908","value":"1908","hits":530},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1908\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1907","value":"1907","hits":524},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1907\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"2003","value":"2003","hits":520},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2003\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1906","value":"1906","hits":518},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1905","value":"1905","hits":504},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1905\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1904","value":"1904","hits":493},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1904\u0026view=compact"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/facet/date_range_isim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"facet","id":"level_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Level","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"File","value":"File","hits":2245},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Collection","value":"Collection","hits":1167},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Item","value":"Item","hits":228},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Item\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Series","value":"Series","hits":198},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Series\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Subseries","value":"Subseries","hits":185},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Box","value":"Box","hits":36},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Box\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Record Group","value":"Record Group","hits":12},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Record+Group\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Drawer","value":"Drawer","hits":11},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Drawer\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Sub-sub-series","value":"Sub-sub-series","hits":6},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Sub-sub-series\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Subgroup","value":"Subgroup","hits":5},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subgroup\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Map case","value":"Map case","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Map+case\u0026view=compact"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/facet/level_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"facet","id":"names_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Names","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","value":"FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","hits":445},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=FSU+Special+Collections+%26+Archives\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","value":"USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","hits":210},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=USF+Libraries+-+Tampa+Special+Collections\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"UWF University Archives and West Florida History Center","value":"UWF University Archives and West Florida History Center","hits":79},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=UWF+University+Archives+and+West+Florida+History+Center\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"UCF Special Collections","value":"UCF Special Collections","hits":71},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=UCF+Special+Collections\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Florida Atlantic University Libraries","value":"Florida Atlantic University Libraries","hits":58},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Florida+Atlantic+University+Libraries\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":" Broward County Historical Archives","value":" Broward County Historical Archives","hits":53},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=+Broward+County+Historical+Archives\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"FIU Special Collections","value":"FIU Special Collections","hits":48},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=FIU+Special+Collections\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"USF Libraries - St. Petersburg Special Collections \u0026 University Archives","value":"USF Libraries - St. Petersburg Special Collections \u0026 University Archives","hits":38},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=USF+Libraries+-+St.+Petersburg+Special+Collections+%26+University+Archives\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Thomas B. Mack Florida Citrus Archives","value":"Thomas B. Mack Florida Citrus Archives","hits":30},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Thomas+B.+Mack+Florida+Citrus+Archives\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Florida State College for Women","value":"Florida State College for Women","hits":29},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Florida+State+College+for+Women\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"AARLCC Special Collections","value":"AARLCC Special Collections","hits":28},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=AARLCC+Special+Collections\u0026view=compact"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/facet/names_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"UCF Special Collections","value":"UCF Special Collections","hits":1085},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=UCF+Special+Collections\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","value":"FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","hits":720},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=FSU+Special+Collections+%26+Archives\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","value":"USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","hits":455},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=USF+Libraries+-+Tampa+Special+Collections\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"AARLCC Special Collections","value":"AARLCC Special Collections","hits":307},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=AARLCC+Special+Collections\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"FIU Special Collections","value":"FIU Special Collections","hits":268},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=FIU+Special+Collections\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Broward County Historical Archives","value":"Broward County Historical Archives","hits":249},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Broward+County+Historical+Archives\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Florida Atlantic University Libraries","value":"Florida Atlantic University Libraries","hits":165},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Florida+Atlantic+University+Libraries\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections","value":"The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections","hits":155},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=The+Sarah+D.+and+L.+Kirk+McKay%2C+Jr.+Archives+Center+Manuscript+Collections\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Thomas B. Mack Florida Citrus Archives","value":"Thomas B. Mack Florida Citrus Archives","hits":138},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Thomas+B.+Mack+Florida+Citrus+Archives\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Florida Gulf Coast University Special Collections","value":"Florida Gulf Coast University Special Collections","hits":111},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Florida+Gulf+Coast+University+Special+Collections\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"UWF University Archives and West Florida History Center","value":"UWF University Archives and West Florida History Center","hits":79},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=UWF+University+Archives+and+West+Florida+History+Center\u0026view=compact"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"facet","id":"geogname_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Places","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Florida -- Politics and government","value":"Florida -- Politics and government","hits":22},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Florida+--+Politics+and+government\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Tampa (Fla.)","value":"Tampa (Fla.)","hits":18},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Tampa+%28Fla.%29\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Fort Lauderdale (Fla.)","value":"Fort Lauderdale (Fla.)","hits":16},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Fort+Lauderdale+%28Fla.%29\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Florida","value":"Florida","hits":15},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Florida\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Tampa (Fla.) -- History","value":"Tampa (Fla.) -- History","hits":15},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Tampa+%28Fla.%29+--+History\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Florida -- History","value":"Florida -- History","hits":12},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Florida+--+History\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"St. Petersburg (Fla.) ","value":"St. Petersburg (Fla.) ","hits":10},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=St.+Petersburg+%28Fla.%29+\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Ybor City (Tampa, Fla.)","value":"Ybor City (Tampa, Fla.)","hits":10},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Ybor+City+%28Tampa%2C+Fla.%29\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Captiva Island (Fla.)","value":"Captiva Island (Fla.)","hits":9},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Captiva+Island+%28Fla.%29\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Fort Myers (Fla.)","value":"Fort Myers (Fla.)","hits":9},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Fort+Myers+%28Fla.%29\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Hillsborough County (Fla.)","value":"Hillsborough County (Fla.)","hits":9},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Hillsborough+County+%28Fla.%29\u0026view=compact"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/facet/geogname_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"facet","id":"access_subjects_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Subjects","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"World War, 1939-1945","value":"World War, 1939-1945","hits":103},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=World+War%2C+1939-1945\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Photographs","value":"Photographs","hits":91},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Photographs\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Correspondence","value":"Correspondence","hits":74},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Correspondence\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Clippings (Books, newspapers, etc.)","value":"Clippings (Books, newspapers, etc.)","hits":59},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Clippings+%28Books%2C+newspapers%2C+etc.%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Manuscripts","value":"Manuscripts","hits":44},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Manuscripts\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Programs","value":"Programs","hits":38},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Programs\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"World War, 1939-1945--Germany","value":"World War, 1939-1945--Germany","hits":30},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=World+War%2C+1939-1945--Germany\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Reports","value":"Reports","hits":29},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Reports\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American","value":"World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American","hits":26},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=World+War%2C+1939-1945--Personal+narratives%2C+American\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Italy","value":"World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Italy","hits":24},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=World+War%2C+1939-1945--Campaigns--Italy\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Certificates","value":"Certificates","hits":23},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Certificates\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026view=compact"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/facet/access_subjects_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"all_fields","attributes":{"label":"All Fields"},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026page=90\u0026search_field=all_fields\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"keyword","attributes":{"label":"Keyword"},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026page=90\u0026search_field=keyword\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"name","attributes":{"label":"Name"},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026page=90\u0026search_field=name\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"place","attributes":{"label":"Place"},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026page=90\u0026search_field=place\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"subject","attributes":{"label":"Subject"},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026page=90\u0026search_field=subject\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"title","attributes":{"label":"Title"},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026page=90\u0026search_field=title\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"container","attributes":{"label":"Container"},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026page=90\u0026search_field=container\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"identifier","attributes":{"label":"Identifier"},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026page=90\u0026search_field=identifier\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"sort","id":"score desc, title_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"relevance"},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026page=90\u0026sort=score+desc%2C+title_sort+asc\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"sort","id":"date_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"date (ascending)"},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026page=90\u0026sort=date_sort+asc\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"sort","id":"date_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"date (descending)"},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026page=90\u0026sort=date_sort+desc\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"sort","id":"creator_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"creator (A-Z)"},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026page=90\u0026sort=creator_sort+asc\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"sort","id":"creator_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"creator (Z-A)"},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026page=90\u0026sort=creator_sort+desc\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"sort","id":"title_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"title (A-Z)"},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026page=90\u0026sort=title_sort+asc\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"sort","id":"title_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"title (Z-A)"},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026page=90\u0026sort=title_sort+desc\u0026view=compact"}}]}