{"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1960\u0026page=80","prev":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1960\u0026page=79","next":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1960\u0026page=81","last":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1960\u0026page=427"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":80,"next_page":81,"prev_page":79,"total_pages":427,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":790,"total_count":4266,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_adc28726cd7a0b8371986f8d2e7938dc","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Communist Era (4 of 4), 1960-2002, Undated, Undated","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_adc28726cd7a0b8371986f8d2e7938dc#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_adc28726cd7a0b8371986f8d2e7938dc","ref_ssm":["aspace_adc28726cd7a0b8371986f8d2e7938dc","aspace_adc28726cd7a0b8371986f8d2e7938dc"],"id":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_adc28726cd7a0b8371986f8d2e7938dc","title_filing_ssi":"Communist Era (4 of 4)","title_ssm":["Communist Era (4 of 4)"],"title_tesim":["Communist Era (4 of 4)"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1960-2002, Undated, Undated"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1960-2002, Undated, Undated"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Communist Era (4 of 4), 1960-2002, Undated, Undated"],"text":["Communist Era (4 of 4), 1960-2002, Undated, Undated","José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013","Research Files, 1898-2012, Undated","Folder 14","/repositories/4/archival_objects/53983","box 7","folder 14"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_e0da8a351e89d497ae16650ae623f50e"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013","Research Files, 1898-2012, Undated"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013","Research Files, 1898-2012, Undated"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["Folder 14","/repositories/4/archival_objects/53983"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":105,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The entire collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder."],"date_range_isim":[1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002],"containers_ssim":["box 7","folder 14"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#6","_nest_parent_":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_e0da8a351e89d497ae16650ae623f50e","_root_":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","_version_":1870857755411087360,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:03:10.972Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","title_ssm":["José Guerra Alemán Collection"],"title_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection"],"ead_ssi":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","unitdate_ssm":["1887-2013"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1887-2013"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC.098","/repositories/4/resources/204"],"text":["SC.098","/repositories/4/resources/204","José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013","Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs","Cuba -- History -- Description and Travel","Cuba -- History -- Pictorial works","correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","The entire collection is open for research.","José Guerra Alemán was born to José Guerra and Herminia Alemán-Valdes on November 20, 1922 in Cuba. He referred to alternative names such as José Guerra Alemán, his initials J.G.A. and his nickname Pepín. Many of his closest friends and family called him as Pepín. His family contained of six members that included his three siblings, Maria Vicenta Guerra, Rafael Luis Guerra, and an eldest brother who his name is unknown. His brother, Rafael L. Guerra was born on November 20, 1926 in Habana, Cuba and died on October 2, 1998 in Miami, Florida. His sister, Maria, was born on June 19, 1924 in Habana, Cuba. A year after her brother's death, she died on February 27, 1999 in Miami, Florida. In her later years, she was a homemaker and she never married.","In his early years, he enrolled in the United States military at the age of 20 in 1942. He participated in the 8th Army (Octavo Ejército) of EE.UU. (United States). He covered the campaign of the Pacific as the 35th Division of Infantry (35 División de Infantería) called División Relámpago (Lightning Division). He finished training in the military at Fort Dix, Burlington County, New Jersey in the Delaware River region on October of 1946.","Once he finished his service, he returned to Cuba and founded a company called CINEPERIODICO in 1947. His motivation of starting this company began from his interest in journalism. At the age of 16, he delved into both journalism and short films/news films. He was one of the editors of Él País, La Habana. These experiences guided him to globally make notorious documentaries and cinematography of actual events and issues. He traveled around the globe. For instance, he registered for a temporary immigration card to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1959 as a journalist. As a result for his traveling, he encountered prominent leaders of various movements.","One of those encounters, José Guerra Alemán climbed the Mountains of Sierra Maestra, in the province of East of the Island of Cuba to interview Fidel Castro and Che Guevara. Under the agency of his company, CINEPERIODICO, he personally knew these men and those who were a part of the guerillas during the Cuban Revolution. In 1950, he worked with José García and Eduardo Hernández (Guayo) in the same company. José Guerra Alemán directed films such as Sangre Y Esperanza: La Cuba de Hoy (Blood and Hope: the Cuba of Today and El Gran Recuento (The Great Story). He also took the position as the Senior Vice President of Guastella Film Producers Inc., an advertising firm in Puerto Rico, where he did similar works until he retired in 1990. This included the creation of historical documentary films.","With his interest in Cuba's history and living at a time of historical changes in Cuba, he wrote extensive materials along those themes. He wrote Aún Hay Luna En Los Cerros, Ensayos (Las Mayorías Discriminadas): En Defensa de la Mujer, Barro y Cenizas (Díalogos con Fidel Castro y el Che Guevara), and Juro Pero No Prometo (Biografía de su Abuelo el General José Braulio Alemán). His major work composes four volumes of encyclopedias called Cuba Infinita. Each book contains specific chronological decades and starts from 1855, when the first photographs of the city were available by American artist Fredericks De Forest, to 1958, when the Republic collapsed. The volumes includes more than a thousand selected photos of the history of Cuba, from colonial times to the Spanish American War. The reader walks through time and gets to see the transformation of Cuba. He included photographs received by family, friends, colleagues and what he collected from his travels. He also was inspired and guided from the work called La Enciclopedia de Cuba.","Understanding where his family came from and knowing the other members of his family tree can provide a part of José Guerra Alemán's identity. Jose Guerra Alemán's maternal bloodline had a huge role in the movement toward Cuba's independence against colonialism and imperialism. His grandfather named José Braulio Guerra Alemán fought in the Spanish-American War as a Cuban Brigadier General and was the principal author to the Constitution of Cuba proclaimed at Yara in 1896. He worked as a lawyer, newspaper owner, advocate of the liberation of Cuba, senator and governor for the province of Las Villas, minister of Education and ambassador to Mexico. His half uncle, José Manuel Alemán, served in the Cuban government as Minister of Education during the presidency of Dr. Ramón Grau San Martin, president of the Authentic Party (Partido Auténtico) in La Habana, and Senator of the Republic. His family went through three generations of leaders and fighters for Cuban independence through revolutions or preserving its history and culture.","He rested on February 22, 2013 in Miami, Florida. He survived his wife named Lidia Llano who he married on September 22, 1945 and left a son named Carlos Guerra Llano. He left a mark of what he had done, significant work in Cuba's history. However, he has not been given as much attention as he deserves in any setting, especially in academia. It is the many aspects of unknown history and researching the people from below like Alemán. He was a Cuban, veteran, journalist, nontraditional historian, and founder of a journalist business.","Materials are housed in acid free folders and boxes; photographs and negatives were placed in clear sleeves; publications removed from the collection and cataloged separately.","Books collected by José Guerra Alemán can be found by performing a series search for \"José Guerra Alemán Collection\" in the UCF Libraries catalog.","This collection was arranged in seven series:","\nSeries I. Manuscripts, 1915-2013, Undated, includes notes that Alemán took on varieties of subjects. His interests ranged from the origin of words and meaning of phrases to his summaries and interpretations of authors' works.","\nSeries II: Research Files, 1898-2012, Undated, holds a combination of newspapers, images, and works of others where Alemán used for the publication of Cuba Infinita and his work on Cuban and Latin American history, involving their relations to other countries.","\nSeries III: Publications, 1987-2008, Undated, contains his writings that has drafts of his published work, his articles from newspapers, and promotional materials advertising his works.","\nSeries IV: Personal Files, 1887-2011, Undated, provides letters between Aleman and his family members and between Aleman and business workers. They share insight of Aleman's genealogy and Aleman's work ethic. Series also includes various maps and postcards. ","\nSeries V: Visual Materials, Circa 1900-Circa 2000, Undated, includes photographs and negatives of José G. Alemán and his relatives; overseas trips as a Journalist; and images of Cuba, cubans, and public buildings. Series also includes a CD of \"Fidel Castro: La Historia Lo Absolvera\" and another CD contains a song from Marisela Verena \"Mi Pinar del Rio\".","\nSeries VI: Memorabilia, 1926-1977, Undated, comprises hats from different places that Aleman travelled, identification cards, and a lottery ticket from Republic of Cuba, 1949.","\nSeries VII: Oversize Materials, 1958-2008, Undated, includes large maps of various countries, posters, a proof sheet for Cuba Infinita, and a game card \"La Charada Cubana.\"","Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder.","The collection is filled with Cuban history and researched materials on society's past was created by Cuban and American journalist José Guerra Alemán. The materials range from photographs of his travels to cultural sites and countries to personal notes on literature of other scholars' works and his published books. He is most notable of his published four-volume encyclopedia on Cuban history called Cuba Infinita.","UCF Special Collections","Guerra Alemán, José","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC.098","/repositories/4/resources/204"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1887-2013"],"normalized_title_ssm":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"collection_title_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"collection_ssim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs"],"geogname_ssim":["Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs"],"creator_ssm":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"creator_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"creators_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"places_ssim":["Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated by Carlos Guerra, José Guerra Alemán's son, to the University of Central Florida Libraries in 2014. (CFM2014_07)"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Cuba -- History -- Description and Travel","Cuba -- History -- Pictorial works","correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Cuba -- History -- Description and Travel","Cuba -- History -- Pictorial works","correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["17.5 Linear Feet 20 boxes, 1 Flat File"],"extent_tesim":["17.5 Linear Feet 20 boxes, 1 Flat File"],"genreform_ssim":["correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints"],"date_range_isim":[1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n was born to Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra and Herminia Alem\u0026#xE1;n-Valdes on November 20, 1922 in Cuba. He referred to alternative names such as Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n, his initials J.G.A. and his nickname Pep\u0026#xED;n. Many of his closest friends and family called him as Pep\u0026#xED;n. His family contained of six members that included his three siblings, Maria Vicenta Guerra, Rafael Luis Guerra, and an eldest brother who his name is unknown. His brother, Rafael L. Guerra was born on November 20, 1926 in Habana, Cuba and died on October 2, 1998 in Miami, Florida. His sister, Maria, was born on June 19, 1924 in Habana, Cuba. A year after her brother's death, she died on February 27, 1999 in Miami, Florida. In her later years, she was a homemaker and she never married.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn his early years, he enrolled in the United States military at the age of 20 in 1942. He participated in the 8th Army (Octavo Ej\u0026#xE9;rcito) of EE.UU. (United States). He covered the campaign of the Pacific as the 35th Division of Infantry (35 Divisi\u0026#xF3;n de Infanter\u0026#xED;a) called Divisi\u0026#xF3;n Rel\u0026#xE1;mpago (Lightning Division). He finished training in the military at Fort Dix, Burlington County, New Jersey in the Delaware River region on October of 1946.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOnce he finished his service, he returned to Cuba and founded a company called CINEPERIODICO in 1947. His motivation of starting this company began from his interest in journalism. At the age of 16, he delved into both journalism and short films/news films. He was one of the editors of \u0026#xC9;l Pa\u0026#xED;s, La Habana. These experiences guided him to globally make notorious documentaries and cinematography of actual events and issues. He traveled around the globe. For instance, he registered for a temporary immigration card to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1959 as a journalist. As a result for his traveling, he encountered prominent leaders of various movements.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOne of those encounters, Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n climbed the Mountains of Sierra Maestra, in the province of East of the Island of Cuba to interview Fidel Castro and Che Guevara. Under the agency of his company, CINEPERIODICO, he personally knew these men and those who were a part of the guerillas during the Cuban Revolution. In 1950, he worked with Jos\u0026#xE9; Garc\u0026#xED;a and Eduardo Hern\u0026#xE1;ndez (Guayo) in the same company. Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n directed films such as Sangre Y Esperanza: La Cuba de Hoy (Blood and Hope: the Cuba of Today and El Gran Recuento (The Great Story). He also took the position as the Senior Vice President of Guastella Film Producers Inc., an advertising firm in Puerto Rico, where he did similar works until he retired in 1990. This included the creation of historical documentary films.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWith his interest in Cuba's history and living at a time of historical changes in Cuba, he wrote extensive materials along those themes. He wrote A\u0026#xFA;n Hay Luna En Los Cerros, Ensayos (Las Mayor\u0026#xED;as Discriminadas): En Defensa de la Mujer, Barro y Cenizas (D\u0026#xED;alogos con Fidel Castro y el Che Guevara), and Juro Pero No Prometo (Biograf\u0026#xED;a de su Abuelo el General Jos\u0026#xE9; Braulio Alem\u0026#xE1;n). His major work composes four volumes of encyclopedias called Cuba Infinita. Each book contains specific chronological decades and starts from 1855, when the first photographs of the city were available by American artist Fredericks De Forest, to 1958, when the Republic collapsed. The volumes includes more than a thousand selected photos of the history of Cuba, from colonial times to the Spanish American War. The reader walks through time and gets to see the transformation of Cuba. He included photographs received by family, friends, colleagues and what he collected from his travels. He also was inspired and guided from the work called La Enciclopedia de Cuba.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUnderstanding where his family came from and knowing the other members of his family tree can provide a part of Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n's identity. Jose Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n's maternal bloodline had a huge role in the movement toward Cuba's independence against colonialism and imperialism. His grandfather named Jos\u0026#xE9; Braulio Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n fought in the Spanish-American War as a Cuban Brigadier General and was the principal author to the Constitution of Cuba proclaimed at Yara in 1896. He worked as a lawyer, newspaper owner, advocate of the liberation of Cuba, senator and governor for the province of Las Villas, minister of Education and ambassador to Mexico. His half uncle, Jos\u0026#xE9; Manuel Alem\u0026#xE1;n, served in the Cuban government as Minister of Education during the presidency of Dr. Ram\u0026#xF3;n Grau San Martin, president of the Authentic Party (Partido Aut\u0026#xE9;ntico) in La Habana, and Senator of the Republic. His family went through three generations of leaders and fighters for Cuban independence through revolutions or preserving its history and culture.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe rested on February 22, 2013 in Miami, Florida. He survived his wife named Lidia Llano who he married on September 22, 1945 and left a son named Carlos Guerra Llano. He left a mark of what he had done, significant work in Cuba's history. However, he has not been given as much attention as he deserves in any setting, especially in academia. It is the many aspects of unknown history and researching the people from below like Alem\u0026#xE1;n. He was a Cuban, veteran, journalist, nontraditional historian, and founder of a journalist business.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán was born to José Guerra and Herminia Alemán-Valdes on November 20, 1922 in Cuba. He referred to alternative names such as José Guerra Alemán, his initials J.G.A. and his nickname Pepín. Many of his closest friends and family called him as Pepín. His family contained of six members that included his three siblings, Maria Vicenta Guerra, Rafael Luis Guerra, and an eldest brother who his name is unknown. His brother, Rafael L. Guerra was born on November 20, 1926 in Habana, Cuba and died on October 2, 1998 in Miami, Florida. His sister, Maria, was born on June 19, 1924 in Habana, Cuba. A year after her brother's death, she died on February 27, 1999 in Miami, Florida. In her later years, she was a homemaker and she never married.","In his early years, he enrolled in the United States military at the age of 20 in 1942. He participated in the 8th Army (Octavo Ejército) of EE.UU. (United States). He covered the campaign of the Pacific as the 35th Division of Infantry (35 División de Infantería) called División Relámpago (Lightning Division). He finished training in the military at Fort Dix, Burlington County, New Jersey in the Delaware River region on October of 1946.","Once he finished his service, he returned to Cuba and founded a company called CINEPERIODICO in 1947. His motivation of starting this company began from his interest in journalism. At the age of 16, he delved into both journalism and short films/news films. He was one of the editors of Él País, La Habana. These experiences guided him to globally make notorious documentaries and cinematography of actual events and issues. He traveled around the globe. For instance, he registered for a temporary immigration card to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1959 as a journalist. As a result for his traveling, he encountered prominent leaders of various movements.","One of those encounters, José Guerra Alemán climbed the Mountains of Sierra Maestra, in the province of East of the Island of Cuba to interview Fidel Castro and Che Guevara. Under the agency of his company, CINEPERIODICO, he personally knew these men and those who were a part of the guerillas during the Cuban Revolution. In 1950, he worked with José García and Eduardo Hernández (Guayo) in the same company. José Guerra Alemán directed films such as Sangre Y Esperanza: La Cuba de Hoy (Blood and Hope: the Cuba of Today and El Gran Recuento (The Great Story). He also took the position as the Senior Vice President of Guastella Film Producers Inc., an advertising firm in Puerto Rico, where he did similar works until he retired in 1990. This included the creation of historical documentary films.","With his interest in Cuba's history and living at a time of historical changes in Cuba, he wrote extensive materials along those themes. He wrote Aún Hay Luna En Los Cerros, Ensayos (Las Mayorías Discriminadas): En Defensa de la Mujer, Barro y Cenizas (Díalogos con Fidel Castro y el Che Guevara), and Juro Pero No Prometo (Biografía de su Abuelo el General José Braulio Alemán). His major work composes four volumes of encyclopedias called Cuba Infinita. Each book contains specific chronological decades and starts from 1855, when the first photographs of the city were available by American artist Fredericks De Forest, to 1958, when the Republic collapsed. The volumes includes more than a thousand selected photos of the history of Cuba, from colonial times to the Spanish American War. The reader walks through time and gets to see the transformation of Cuba. He included photographs received by family, friends, colleagues and what he collected from his travels. He also was inspired and guided from the work called La Enciclopedia de Cuba.","Understanding where his family came from and knowing the other members of his family tree can provide a part of José Guerra Alemán's identity. Jose Guerra Alemán's maternal bloodline had a huge role in the movement toward Cuba's independence against colonialism and imperialism. His grandfather named José Braulio Guerra Alemán fought in the Spanish-American War as a Cuban Brigadier General and was the principal author to the Constitution of Cuba proclaimed at Yara in 1896. He worked as a lawyer, newspaper owner, advocate of the liberation of Cuba, senator and governor for the province of Las Villas, minister of Education and ambassador to Mexico. His half uncle, José Manuel Alemán, served in the Cuban government as Minister of Education during the presidency of Dr. Ramón Grau San Martin, president of the Authentic Party (Partido Auténtico) in La Habana, and Senator of the Republic. His family went through three generations of leaders and fighters for Cuban independence through revolutions or preserving its history and culture.","He rested on February 22, 2013 in Miami, Florida. He survived his wife named Lidia Llano who he married on September 22, 1945 and left a son named Carlos Guerra Llano. He left a mark of what he had done, significant work in Cuba's history. However, he has not been given as much attention as he deserves in any setting, especially in academia. It is the many aspects of unknown history and researching the people from below like Alemán. He was a Cuban, veteran, journalist, nontraditional historian, and founder of a journalist business."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n Collection, Special Collections and UniversityArchives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, Special Collections and UniversityArchives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials are housed in acid free folders and boxes; photographs and negatives were placed in clear sleeves; publications removed from the collection and cataloged separately.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Materials are housed in acid free folders and boxes; photographs and negatives were placed in clear sleeves; publications removed from the collection and cataloged separately."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBooks collected by Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n can be found by performing a series search for \"Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n Collection\" in the UCF Libraries catalog.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Books collected by José Guerra Alemán can be found by performing a series search for \"José Guerra Alemán Collection\" in the UCF Libraries catalog."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection was arranged in seven series:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries I. Manuscripts, 1915-2013, Undated, includes notes that Alem\u0026#xE1;n took on varieties of subjects. His interests ranged from the origin of words and meaning of phrases to his summaries and interpretations of authors' works.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries II: Research Files, 1898-2012, Undated, holds a combination of newspapers, images, and works of others where Alem\u0026#xE1;n used for the publication of Cuba Infinita and his work on Cuban and Latin American history, involving their relations to other countries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries III: Publications, 1987-2008, Undated, contains his writings that has drafts of his published work, his articles from newspapers, and promotional materials advertising his works.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries IV: Personal Files, 1887-2011, Undated, provides letters between Aleman and his family members and between Aleman and business workers. They share insight of Aleman's genealogy and Aleman's work ethic. Series also includes various maps and postcards. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries V: Visual Materials, Circa 1900-Circa 2000, Undated, includes photographs and negatives of Jos\u0026#xE9; G. Alem\u0026#xE1;n and his relatives; overseas trips as a Journalist; and images of Cuba, cubans, and public buildings. Series also includes a CD of \"Fidel Castro: La Historia Lo Absolvera\" and another CD contains a song from Marisela Verena \"Mi Pinar del Rio\".\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VI: Memorabilia, 1926-1977, Undated, comprises hats from different places that Aleman travelled, identification cards, and a lottery ticket from Republic of Cuba, 1949.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VII: Oversize Materials, 1958-2008, Undated, includes large maps of various countries, posters, a proof sheet for Cuba Infinita, and a game card \"La Charada Cubana.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection was arranged in seven series:","\nSeries I. Manuscripts, 1915-2013, Undated, includes notes that Alemán took on varieties of subjects. His interests ranged from the origin of words and meaning of phrases to his summaries and interpretations of authors' works.","\nSeries II: Research Files, 1898-2012, Undated, holds a combination of newspapers, images, and works of others where Alemán used for the publication of Cuba Infinita and his work on Cuban and Latin American history, involving their relations to other countries.","\nSeries III: Publications, 1987-2008, Undated, contains his writings that has drafts of his published work, his articles from newspapers, and promotional materials advertising his works.","\nSeries IV: Personal Files, 1887-2011, Undated, provides letters between Aleman and his family members and between Aleman and business workers. They share insight of Aleman's genealogy and Aleman's work ethic. Series also includes various maps and postcards. ","\nSeries V: Visual Materials, Circa 1900-Circa 2000, Undated, includes photographs and negatives of José G. Alemán and his relatives; overseas trips as a Journalist; and images of Cuba, cubans, and public buildings. Series also includes a CD of \"Fidel Castro: La Historia Lo Absolvera\" and another CD contains a song from Marisela Verena \"Mi Pinar del Rio\".","\nSeries VI: Memorabilia, 1926-1977, Undated, comprises hats from different places that Aleman travelled, identification cards, and a lottery ticket from Republic of Cuba, 1949.","\nSeries VII: Oversize Materials, 1958-2008, Undated, includes large maps of various countries, posters, a proof sheet for Cuba Infinita, and a game card \"La Charada Cubana.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e4d41ff341ce7470c0d40282c3f71dd8\"\u003eThe collection is filled with Cuban history and researched materials on society's past was created by Cuban and American journalist Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n. The materials range from photographs of his travels to cultural sites and countries to personal notes on literature of other scholars' works and his published books. He is most notable of his published four-volume encyclopedia on Cuban history called Cuba Infinita.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection is filled with Cuban history and researched materials on society's past was created by Cuban and American journalist José Guerra Alemán. The materials range from photographs of his travels to cultural sites and countries to personal notes on literature of other scholars' works and his published books. He is most notable of his published four-volume encyclopedia on Cuban history called Cuba Infinita."],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Guerra Alemán, José"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":282,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870857755411087360,"_root_":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:03:10.972Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_adc28726cd7a0b8371986f8d2e7938dc"}},{"id":"276f4da755904627bfe702ef_aspace_fa5ca3cc2194965b9e8ea434e97d25f9","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Competitors, 1960","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/276f4da755904627bfe702ef_aspace_fa5ca3cc2194965b9e8ea434e97d25f9#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003ePoem published in the \"New York Herald Tribune\" on page 20; April 27, 1960; Poem taped to paper and bibliographic information typed on the paper\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/276f4da755904627bfe702ef_aspace_fa5ca3cc2194965b9e8ea434e97d25f9#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_fa5ca3cc2194965b9e8ea434e97d25f9","ref_ssm":["aspace_fa5ca3cc2194965b9e8ea434e97d25f9","aspace_fa5ca3cc2194965b9e8ea434e97d25f9"],"id":"276f4da755904627bfe702ef_aspace_fa5ca3cc2194965b9e8ea434e97d25f9","title_filing_ssi":"Competitors","title_ssm":["Competitors"],"title_tesim":["Competitors"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1960"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1960"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Competitors, 1960"],"text":["Competitors, 1960","Dr. Norman Nathan Faculty Papers Collection, bulk 1944-2011","Poetry","/repositories/2/archival_objects/83324","box 35","folder 26","Poem published in the \"New York Herald Tribune\" on page 20; April 27, 1960; Poem taped to paper and bibliographic information typed on the paper"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["276f4da755904627bfe702ef","276f4da755904627bfe702ef_aspace_263644b3a82da7e5f9671c50c83ad85b"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Dr. Norman Nathan Faculty Papers Collection, bulk 1944-2011","Poetry"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Dr. Norman Nathan Faculty Papers Collection, bulk 1944-2011","Poetry"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/2/archival_objects/83324"],"repository_ssim":["Florida Atlantic University Libraries"],"collection_ssim":["Dr. Norman Nathan Faculty Papers Collection, bulk 1944-2011"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":690,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collections are available for supervised use in the Special Collections reading room during regular hours or by appointment. Users are required to complete a registration form and to comply with regulations governing use. Research assistance may be available but please email or phone first to set up an appointment.","Photocopies or electronic copies of material in the collections may be provided within copyright limits but may not be ready immediately. In addition, selected materials are digitized and available electronically through the Digital Library."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Materials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. Any subsequent use of a reproduction in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement.","When using electronic copies or images, please keep in mind that copyright law applies. It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder.","Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact Special Collections."],"date_range_isim":[1960],"containers_ssim":["box 35","folder 26"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePoem published in the \"New York Herald Tribune\" on page 20; April 27, 1960; Poem taped to paper and bibliographic information typed on the paper\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Poem published in the \"New York Herald Tribune\" on page 20; April 27, 1960; Poem taped to paper and bibliographic information typed on the paper"],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#450","_nest_parent_":"276f4da755904627bfe702ef_aspace_263644b3a82da7e5f9671c50c83ad85b","_root_":"276f4da755904627bfe702ef","_version_":1870842149442945024,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T03:55:07.874Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"276f4da755904627bfe702ef","title_ssm":["Dr. Norman Nathan Faculty Papers Collection"],"title_tesim":["Dr. Norman Nathan Faculty Papers Collection"],"ead_ssi":"276f4da755904627bfe702ef","unitdate_ssm":["1944-2011"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1944-2011"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["UAFP0004","/repositories/2/resources/67"],"text":["UAFP0004","/repositories/2/resources/67","Dr. Norman Nathan Faculty Papers Collection, bulk 1944-2011","University Archives -- Faculty Papers","University Archives","Florida Atlantic University -- History","Collections are available for supervised use in the Special Collections reading room during regular hours or by appointment. Users are required to complete a registration form and to comply with regulations governing use. Research assistance may be available but please email or phone first to set up an appointment.","Photocopies or electronic copies of material in the collections may be provided within copyright limits but may not be ready immediately. In addition, selected materials are digitized and available electronically through the Digital Library.","The collection is arranged into nine series.","In 2013, Leslie Siegel and Victoria Thur processed the collection.","Norman Nathan is Professor Emeritus of English at Florida Atlantic University in Boca Raton, Florida. He received his Bachelor of Arts and Master of Arts, and a Ph.D. in English all from New York University. In 1968, Dr. Nathan began his career at Florida Atlantic University. In his early career, Dr. Nathan wrote several textbooks dealing with English grammar and style, and literary interpretation of the short story and poetry while continuing to write poetry and short stories.","Dr. Nathan published several books of poetry in addition to publishing over 450 poems in various publications. He has published over 22 short stories. In addition to the unpublished poems and short stories in the collection, it also contains his unpublished memoirs and novels. Dr. Nathan published over 62 scholarly articles on Shakespeare, Chaucer, Blake, The Bible, Keats, Shelly, and T. S. Elliot. Dr. Nathan passed away June 11, 2013.","In 2018, additional material donated by his daughter. This material was described and added to the existing collection by Leslie Siegel. In addition to poems and stories, the additional material included essays he wrote as an undergraduate student. The collection contains his unpublished memoirs, novels, short stories, poems, and essays.","Materials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. Any subsequent use of a reproduction in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement.","When using electronic copies or images, please keep in mind that copyright law applies. It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder.","Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact  Special Collections .","Florida Atlantic University Libraries","Norman Nathan","English"],"unitid_tesim":["UAFP0004","/repositories/2/resources/67"],"normalized_date_ssm":["bulk 1944-2011"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Dr. Norman Nathan Faculty Papers Collection, bulk 1944-2011"],"collection_title_tesim":["Dr. Norman Nathan Faculty Papers Collection, bulk 1944-2011"],"collection_ssim":["Dr. Norman Nathan Faculty Papers Collection, bulk 1944-2011"],"repository_ssm":["Florida Atlantic University Libraries"],"repository_ssim":["Florida Atlantic University Libraries"],"creator_ssm":["Norman Nathan"],"creator_ssim":["Norman Nathan"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Norman Nathan"],"creators_ssim":["Norman Nathan"],"access_terms_ssm":["Materials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. Any subsequent use of a reproduction in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement.","When using electronic copies or images, please keep in mind that copyright law applies. It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder.","Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact  Special Collections ."],"access_subjects_ssim":["University Archives -- Faculty Papers","University Archives","Florida Atlantic University -- History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["University Archives -- Faculty Papers","University Archives","Florida Atlantic University -- History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["16.00 Linear Feet","38 document boxes other_unmapped"],"extent_tesim":["16.00 Linear Feet","38 document boxes other_unmapped"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollections are available for supervised use in the Special Collections reading room during regular hours or by appointment. Users are required to complete a registration form and to comply with regulations governing use. Research assistance may be available but please email or phone first to set up an appointment.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePhotocopies or electronic copies of material in the collections may be provided within copyright limits but may not be ready immediately. In addition, selected materials are digitized and available electronically through the Digital Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collections are available for supervised use in the Special Collections reading room during regular hours or by appointment. Users are required to complete a registration form and to comply with regulations governing use. Research assistance may be available but please email or phone first to set up an appointment.","Photocopies or electronic copies of material in the collections may be provided within copyright limits but may not be ready immediately. In addition, selected materials are digitized and available electronically through the Digital Library."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into nine series.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into nine series."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection Title including series, if any; Box and item number; University Archives; Florida Atlantic University Libraries, Boca Raton, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Collection Title including series, if any; Box and item number; University Archives; Florida Atlantic University Libraries, Boca Raton, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 2013, Leslie Siegel and Victoria Thur processed the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In 2013, Leslie Siegel and Victoria Thur processed the collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNorman Nathan is Professor Emeritus of English at Florida Atlantic University in Boca Raton, Florida. He received his Bachelor of Arts and Master of Arts, and a Ph.D. in English all from New York University. In 1968, Dr. Nathan began his career at Florida Atlantic University. In his early career, Dr. Nathan wrote several textbooks dealing with English grammar and style, and literary interpretation of the short story and poetry while continuing to write poetry and short stories.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDr. Nathan published several books of poetry in addition to publishing over 450 poems in various publications. He has published over 22 short stories. In addition to the unpublished poems and short stories in the collection, it also contains his unpublished memoirs and novels. Dr. Nathan published over 62 scholarly articles on Shakespeare, Chaucer, Blake, The Bible, Keats, Shelly, and T. S. Elliot. Dr. Nathan passed away June 11, 2013.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 2018, additional material donated by his daughter. This material was described and added to the existing collection by Leslie Siegel. In addition to poems and stories, the additional material included essays he wrote as an undergraduate student. The collection contains his unpublished memoirs, novels, short stories, poems, and essays.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Norman Nathan is Professor Emeritus of English at Florida Atlantic University in Boca Raton, Florida. He received his Bachelor of Arts and Master of Arts, and a Ph.D. in English all from New York University. In 1968, Dr. Nathan began his career at Florida Atlantic University. In his early career, Dr. Nathan wrote several textbooks dealing with English grammar and style, and literary interpretation of the short story and poetry while continuing to write poetry and short stories.","Dr. Nathan published several books of poetry in addition to publishing over 450 poems in various publications. He has published over 22 short stories. In addition to the unpublished poems and short stories in the collection, it also contains his unpublished memoirs and novels. Dr. Nathan published over 62 scholarly articles on Shakespeare, Chaucer, Blake, The Bible, Keats, Shelly, and T. S. Elliot. Dr. Nathan passed away June 11, 2013.","In 2018, additional material donated by his daughter. This material was described and added to the existing collection by Leslie Siegel. In addition to poems and stories, the additional material included essays he wrote as an undergraduate student. The collection contains his unpublished memoirs, novels, short stories, poems, and essays."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. Any subsequent use of a reproduction in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhen using electronic copies or images, please keep in mind that copyright law applies. It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eShould the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact \u003ca href=\"mailto:lysca@fau.edu\"\u003eSpecial Collections\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. Any subsequent use of a reproduction in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement.","When using electronic copies or images, please keep in mind that copyright law applies. It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder.","Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact  Special Collections ."],"names_ssim":["Florida Atlantic University Libraries","Norman Nathan"],"corpname_ssim":["Florida Atlantic University Libraries"],"persname_ssim":["Norman Nathan"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1297,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870842149442945024,"_root_":"276f4da755904627bfe702ef","timestamp":"2026-07-16T03:55:07.874Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/276f4da755904627bfe702ef_aspace_fa5ca3cc2194965b9e8ea434e97d25f9"}},{"id":"a3eabcc4094ea8e02f42af5b_aspace_6528","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Composting and Mulching Bulletin 602A, April 1960","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/a3eabcc4094ea8e02f42af5b_aspace_6528#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_6528","ref_ssm":["aspace_6528","aspace_6528"],"id":"a3eabcc4094ea8e02f42af5b_aspace_6528","title_filing_ssi":"Composting and Mulching Bulletin 602A","title_ssm":["Composting and Mulching Bulletin 602A"],"title_tesim":["Composting and Mulching Bulletin 602A"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["April 1960"],"normalized_date_ssm":["April 1960"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Composting and Mulching Bulletin 602A, April 1960"],"text":["Composting and Mulching Bulletin 602A, April 1960","Florida Ephemera collection, circa 1813-2007","Subject Files, 1831-2005","Agricultural Literature, 1877-1972","Item 15-16","/repositories/4/archival_objects/14283","box 12","folder 4"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["a3eabcc4094ea8e02f42af5b","a3eabcc4094ea8e02f42af5b_aspace_6500","a3eabcc4094ea8e02f42af5b_aspace_6502"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Florida Ephemera collection, circa 1813-2007","Subject Files, 1831-2005","Agricultural Literature, 1877-1972"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Florida Ephemera collection, circa 1813-2007","Subject Files, 1831-2005","Agricultural Literature, 1877-1972"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","File"],"unitid_ssm":["Item 15-16","/repositories/4/archival_objects/14283"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Florida Ephemera collection, circa 1813-2007"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":819,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The entire collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"date_range_isim":[1960],"containers_ssim":["box 12","folder 4"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#0/components#23","_nest_parent_":"a3eabcc4094ea8e02f42af5b_aspace_6502","_root_":"a3eabcc4094ea8e02f42af5b","_version_":1876384024848498688,"timestamp":"2026-09-15T08:00:52.198Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"a3eabcc4094ea8e02f42af5b","title_ssm":["Florida Ephemera collection"],"title_tesim":["Florida Ephemera collection"],"ead_ssi":"a3eabcc4094ea8e02f42af5b","unitdate_ssm":["circa 1813-2007"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1813-2007"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC.032","/repositories/4/resources/60"],"text":["SC.032","/repositories/4/resources/60","Florida Ephemera collection, circa 1813-2007","Florida","Florida -- Politics and government","Orlando (Fla.)","Agriculture -- Florida","Business -- Florida","Gardening -- Florida","Parks -- Florida","Tourism","The entire collection is open for research.","The collection is divided into three series, Geographic Files, Artifacts and Subject Files. Geographic Files are arranged in three subseries, Central, North and South Florida, with Central Florida organized alphabetically by county. General information about a region begins each subseries, followed by cities and counties that have a high volume of information. Subject Files are arranged alphabetically.","Thomas and Georgine Mickler ran a small publishing company, Mickler House, and a thriving mail-order business, Mickler's Antiquarian Books, out of their Chuluota home for almost 40 years. The Mickler's focused on tracing out-of-print publications about Florida and ultimately collected more than 40,000 books and other historical pieces of paper memorabilia that filled their home. Thomas Mickler was a native Floridian but Georgine was born in Chicago. She moved to Orlando in 1961, and they married the following year. Both of them lived until they were 84 years old; Thomas died in 1997 and Georgine died a year later.","Collection processed by Jessica Achberger; finding aid prepared by Jessica Achberger and Jeffrey Baumiller.","This collection was processed by both geographic area and subject matter. Materials related to a specific location within Florida were divided out, while materials related to Florida as a whole were separated into specific subject matter. All materials are foldered, with special attention being paid to newspaper clippings and delicate manuscript materials. Sheets of acid free paper were put between clippings, and some materials have been sleeved for preservation.","Other materials collected by the Micklers are held in the University of Central Florida Libraries Special Collections and University Archives, and other collections provide information about Florida. For a complete list of collections please consult the  Special Collections \u0026 University Archives  website.","The Florida Ephemera Collection consists of materials about or produced in Florida collected by Thomas and Georgine Mickler through their mail-order business, Mickler's Antiquarian Books, as well as additional purchases made by the University of Central Florida Libraries Special Collections. These materials are all related in some way to Florida, either geographically or through the subject matter.","\nSeries I: Geographic Files, circa 1813-2007 contain tourism brochures, information on local historical societies, local business advertisements and newspaper clippings related to the different geographic areas of Florida, loosely divided into Central, North and South Florida. Some information may also be found in a Subject file; however, generally the Subject Files consist of information about Florida as a whole.","\nSeries II: Subject Files, 1831-2005 consist of booklets and brochures, newspaper and journal articles, business cards and advertisements, and periodicals related to Florida, arranged by subject alphabetically. Topics include Agricultural Literature, Arts and Humanities, Gardening Literature, History, Politics and Government, Real Estate and Development, State Parks and Historical Markers, Tourism, and Wildlife.","Series III: Artifacts, Undated, 1971, contains larger items that pertain to geographical and subject files \nconcerning Florida. Included thus far are a cork mat depicting Bok Tower and a bottle commemorating \nthe Apollo 14 mission.","Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","The Florida Ephemera Collection is a collection of brochures, advertisements and news clippings documenting the history of Florida. Although the collection includes information about Florida as a whole, it focuses on the Central Florida area, and Orlando in particular. The collection contains information about most aspects of life in Florida including business and industry, real estate and development, tourism and wildlife.","UCF Special Collections","Mickler, Thomas, 1912-1997","Mickler, Georgine, 1914-1998","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC.032","/repositories/4/resources/60"],"normalized_date_ssm":["circa 1813-2007"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Florida Ephemera collection, circa 1813-2007"],"collection_title_tesim":["Florida Ephemera collection, circa 1813-2007"],"collection_ssim":["Florida Ephemera collection, circa 1813-2007"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Florida","Florida -- Politics and government","Orlando (Fla.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Florida","Florida -- Politics and government","Orlando (Fla.)"],"creator_ssm":["Mickler, Thomas, 1912-1997","Mickler, Georgine, 1914-1998"],"creator_ssim":["Mickler, Thomas, 1912-1997","Mickler, Georgine, 1914-1998"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Mickler, Thomas, 1912-1997","Mickler, Georgine, 1914-1998"],"creators_ssim":["Mickler, Thomas, 1912-1997","Mickler, Georgine, 1914-1998"],"places_ssim":["Florida","Florida -- Politics and government","Orlando (Fla.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The ephemera was mostly collected by Thomas and Georgine Mickler of Micklers Antiquarian Books. These materials were purchased by the University of Central Florida Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives in 1999 (CFM1999_06). Ephemera from a variety of sources will continue to be purchased to create a collection relevant to Florida's history."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Agriculture -- Florida","Business -- Florida","Gardening -- Florida","Parks -- Florida","Tourism"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Agriculture -- Florida","Business -- Florida","Gardening -- Florida","Parks -- Florida","Tourism"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["13 Linear Feet 26 Boxes, 1 Flat File"],"extent_tesim":["13 Linear Feet 26 Boxes, 1 Flat File"],"date_range_isim":[1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into three series, Geographic Files, Artifacts and Subject Files. Geographic Files are arranged in three subseries, Central, North and South Florida, with Central Florida organized alphabetically by county. General information about a region begins each subseries, followed by cities and counties that have a high volume of information. Subject Files are arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into three series, Geographic Files, Artifacts and Subject Files. Geographic Files are arranged in three subseries, Central, North and South Florida, with Central Florida organized alphabetically by county. General information about a region begins each subseries, followed by cities and counties that have a high volume of information. Subject Files are arranged alphabetically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThomas and Georgine Mickler ran a small publishing company, Mickler House, and a thriving mail-order business, Mickler's Antiquarian Books, out of their Chuluota home for almost 40 years. The Mickler's focused on tracing out-of-print publications about Florida and ultimately collected more than 40,000 books and other historical pieces of paper memorabilia that filled their home. Thomas Mickler was a native Floridian but Georgine was born in Chicago. She moved to Orlando in 1961, and they married the following year. Both of them lived until they were 84 years old; Thomas died in 1997 and Georgine died a year later.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Thomas and Georgine Mickler ran a small publishing company, Mickler House, and a thriving mail-order business, Mickler's Antiquarian Books, out of their Chuluota home for almost 40 years. The Mickler's focused on tracing out-of-print publications about Florida and ultimately collected more than 40,000 books and other historical pieces of paper memorabilia that filled their home. Thomas Mickler was a native Floridian but Georgine was born in Chicago. She moved to Orlando in 1961, and they married the following year. Both of them lived until they were 84 years old; Thomas died in 1997 and Georgine died a year later."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFlorida Ephemera Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Florida Ephemera Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection processed by Jessica Achberger; finding aid prepared by Jessica Achberger and Jeffrey Baumiller.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis collection was processed by both geographic area and subject matter. Materials related to a specific location within Florida were divided out, while materials related to Florida as a whole were separated into specific subject matter. All materials are foldered, with special attention being paid to newspaper clippings and delicate manuscript materials. Sheets of acid free paper were put between clippings, and some materials have been sleeved for preservation.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Collection processed by Jessica Achberger; finding aid prepared by Jessica Achberger and Jeffrey Baumiller.","This collection was processed by both geographic area and subject matter. Materials related to a specific location within Florida were divided out, while materials related to Florida as a whole were separated into specific subject matter. All materials are foldered, with special attention being paid to newspaper clippings and delicate manuscript materials. Sheets of acid free paper were put between clippings, and some materials have been sleeved for preservation."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOther materials collected by the Micklers are held in the University of Central Florida Libraries Special Collections and University Archives, and other collections provide information about Florida. For a complete list of collections please consult the \u003cextref href=\"http://library.ucf.edu/about/departments/special-collections-university-archives/\"\u003eSpecial Collections \u0026amp; University Archives\u003c/extref\u003e website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Other materials collected by the Micklers are held in the University of Central Florida Libraries Special Collections and University Archives, and other collections provide information about Florida. For a complete list of collections please consult the  Special Collections \u0026 University Archives  website."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Florida Ephemera Collection consists of materials about or produced in Florida collected by Thomas and Georgine Mickler through their mail-order business, Mickler's Antiquarian Books, as well as additional purchases made by the University of Central Florida Libraries Special Collections. These materials are all related in some way to Florida, either geographically or through the subject matter.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries I: Geographic Files, circa 1813-2007 contain tourism brochures, information on local historical societies, local business advertisements and newspaper clippings related to the different geographic areas of Florida, loosely divided into Central, North and South Florida. Some information may also be found in a Subject file; however, generally the Subject Files consist of information about Florida as a whole.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries II: Subject Files, 1831-2005 consist of booklets and brochures, newspaper and journal articles, business cards and advertisements, and periodicals related to Florida, arranged by subject alphabetically. Topics include Agricultural Literature, Arts and Humanities, Gardening Literature, History, Politics and Government, Real Estate and Development, State Parks and Historical Markers, Tourism, and Wildlife.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries III: Artifacts, Undated, 1971, contains larger items that pertain to geographical and subject files \nconcerning Florida. Included thus far are a cork mat depicting Bok Tower and a bottle commemorating \nthe Apollo 14 mission.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Florida Ephemera Collection consists of materials about or produced in Florida collected by Thomas and Georgine Mickler through their mail-order business, Mickler's Antiquarian Books, as well as additional purchases made by the University of Central Florida Libraries Special Collections. These materials are all related in some way to Florida, either geographically or through the subject matter.","\nSeries I: Geographic Files, circa 1813-2007 contain tourism brochures, information on local historical societies, local business advertisements and newspaper clippings related to the different geographic areas of Florida, loosely divided into Central, North and South Florida. Some information may also be found in a Subject file; however, generally the Subject Files consist of information about Florida as a whole.","\nSeries II: Subject Files, 1831-2005 consist of booklets and brochures, newspaper and journal articles, business cards and advertisements, and periodicals related to Florida, arranged by subject alphabetically. Topics include Agricultural Literature, Arts and Humanities, Gardening Literature, History, Politics and Government, Real Estate and Development, State Parks and Historical Markers, Tourism, and Wildlife.","Series III: Artifacts, Undated, 1971, contains larger items that pertain to geographical and subject files \nconcerning Florida. Included thus far are a cork mat depicting Bok Tower and a bottle commemorating \nthe Apollo 14 mission."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_64c3d62675ae88c59d40c8d1db049bf2\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Florida Ephemera Collection is a collection of brochures, advertisements and news clippings documenting the history of Florida. Although the collection includes information about Florida as a whole, it focuses on the Central Florida area, and Orlando in particular. The collection contains information about most aspects of life in Florida including business and industry, real estate and development, tourism and wildlife.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Florida Ephemera Collection is a collection of brochures, advertisements and news clippings documenting the history of Florida. Although the collection includes information about Florida as a whole, it focuses on the Central Florida area, and Orlando in particular. The collection contains information about most aspects of life in Florida including business and industry, real estate and development, tourism and wildlife."],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Mickler, Thomas, 1912-1997","Mickler, Georgine, 1914-1998"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Mickler, Thomas, 1912-1997","Mickler, Georgine, 1914-1998"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1479,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1876384024848498688,"_root_":"a3eabcc4094ea8e02f42af5b","timestamp":"2026-09-15T08:00:52.198Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/a3eabcc4094ea8e02f42af5b_aspace_6528"}},{"id":"fcab20b88f8ed86bfbd56dc2_aspace_47dcb607dd2441f0fb5d568b32f0da71","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Concert Programs, Circa 1960 - 1973","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/fcab20b88f8ed86bfbd56dc2_aspace_47dcb607dd2441f0fb5d568b32f0da71#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_47dcb607dd2441f0fb5d568b32f0da71","ref_ssm":["aspace_47dcb607dd2441f0fb5d568b32f0da71","aspace_47dcb607dd2441f0fb5d568b32f0da71"],"id":"fcab20b88f8ed86bfbd56dc2_aspace_47dcb607dd2441f0fb5d568b32f0da71","title_filing_ssi":"Concert Programs","title_ssm":["Concert Programs"],"title_tesim":["Concert Programs"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Circa 1960 - 1973"],"normalized_date_ssm":["Circa 1960 - 1973"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Concert Programs, Circa 1960 - 1973"],"text":["Concert Programs, Circa 1960 - 1973","Easter Lily Gates Collection, 1898-1982","Printed Materials, Circa 1920-1981","Programs, Circa 1940-1981","/repositories/4/archival_objects/4155","box 20","folder 404"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["fcab20b88f8ed86bfbd56dc2","fcab20b88f8ed86bfbd56dc2_aspace_021200e575e98dc61956719ecac93400","fcab20b88f8ed86bfbd56dc2_aspace_37d812f4c9b4c9ffc93e2bdeca0bcf73"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Easter Lily Gates Collection, 1898-1982","Printed Materials, Circa 1920-1981","Programs, Circa 1940-1981"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Easter Lily Gates Collection, 1898-1982","Printed Materials, Circa 1920-1981","Programs, Circa 1940-1981"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Subseries"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/4/archival_objects/4155"],"repository_ssim":["Broward County Historical Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Easter Lily Gates Collection, 1898-1982"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":433,"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The Easter Lily Gates Collection is open for research."],"date_range_isim":[1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973],"containers_ssim":["box 20","folder 404"],"_nest_path_":"/components#3/components#3/components#6","_nest_parent_":"fcab20b88f8ed86bfbd56dc2_aspace_37d812f4c9b4c9ffc93e2bdeca0bcf73","_root_":"fcab20b88f8ed86bfbd56dc2","_version_":1875370525482549248,"timestamp":"2026-09-04T03:31:43.893Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"fcab20b88f8ed86bfbd56dc2","title_filing_ssi":"Gates, Easter Lily Collection","title_ssm":["Easter Lily Gates Collection"],"title_tesim":["Easter Lily Gates Collection"],"ead_ssi":"fcab20b88f8ed86bfbd56dc2","unitdate_ssm":["1898-1982"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1898-1982"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["BCHA.2021.1","/repositories/4/resources/179"],"text":["BCHA.2021.1","/repositories/4/resources/179","Easter Lily Gates Collection, 1898-1982","Broward County (Fla.)","Gates, Easter Lily, 1889-1985 -- Correspondence","Broward County (Fla.). Board of County Commissioners","Voter registration -- Florida -- Broward County","Voting -- Florida -- Broward County","Elections -- Florida -- Broward County","Photographs","Hats","Programs","Maps","Certificates","The collection is arranged into 6 series: Series I. Correspondence, Series II. Professional Papers, Series III. Personal Papers, Series IV. Printed Materials, Series V. Awards, and Series VI. Ephemera.","Easter Lily Biblo Gates was born on April 21, 1889, in Des Moines, Iowa to parents Elijah and Etta Biblo. Easter Lily Gates travelled west with her family by covered wagon to Utah and Nevada. She made hats as a store clerk at 17 years old. On January 20, 1910, she married George Peter Gates.","Easter and George Gates moved to Fort Lauderdale, Florida in 1918. They had two sons named Robert and Theodore. In 1926, Easter Lily saved her family in a severe hurricane by carrying her husband and two sons to the second floor of their home; they lost everything they owned and two weeks later her husband died from anemia. To provide for her children, Gates became Broward County's first female bus driver. In 1928, she ran for and won the  Supervisor of Elections job.  She maintained this position for 40 years, from 1929 to 1969. Easter Lily Gates registered Broward County's first Seminole and African-American voters.","Easter Lily Gates retired in 1969 at 80 years old. At 92 years old, she moved to Tampa, Florida and Thomasville, Georgia to live with her sons. Easter Lily Gates entered a nursing home in Tampa before her death. She died in February 1985.","This collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection.","View a selection of digitized materials from the Easter Lily Gates Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives.","The Easter Lily Gates Collection contains correspondence, photographs, printed materials, maps, prayer books, awards, political and election materials documenting the professional and personal life of Easter Lily Gates.","The Easter Lily Gates Collection is open for research."," Broward County Historical Archives","English"],"unitid_tesim":["BCHA.2021.1","/repositories/4/resources/179"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1898-1982"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Easter Lily Gates Collection, 1898-1982"],"collection_title_tesim":["Easter Lily Gates Collection, 1898-1982"],"collection_ssim":["Easter Lily Gates Collection, 1898-1982"],"repository_ssm":["Broward County Historical Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Broward County Historical Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Broward County (Fla.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Broward County (Fla.)"],"places_ssim":["Broward County (Fla.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The Easter Lily Gates Collection is open for research."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Gates, Easter Lily, 1889-1985 -- Correspondence","Broward County (Fla.). Board of County Commissioners","Voter registration -- Florida -- Broward County","Voting -- Florida -- Broward County","Elections -- Florida -- Broward County","Photographs","Hats","Programs","Maps","Certificates"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Gates, Easter Lily, 1889-1985 -- Correspondence","Broward County (Fla.). Board of County Commissioners","Voter registration -- Florida -- Broward County","Voting -- Florida -- Broward County","Elections -- Florida -- Broward County","Photographs","Hats","Programs","Maps","Certificates"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["33 Hollinger Boxes"],"extent_tesim":["33 Hollinger Boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs","Hats","Programs","Maps","Certificates"],"date_range_isim":[1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into 6 series: Series I. Correspondence, Series II. Professional Papers, Series III. Personal Papers, Series IV. Printed Materials, Series V. Awards, and Series VI. Ephemera.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into 6 series: Series I. Correspondence, Series II. Professional Papers, Series III. Personal Papers, Series IV. Printed Materials, Series V. Awards, and Series VI. Ephemera."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEaster Lily Biblo Gates was born on April 21, 1889, in Des Moines, Iowa to parents Elijah and Etta Biblo. Easter Lily Gates travelled west with her family by covered wagon to Utah and Nevada. She made hats as a store clerk at 17 years old. On January 20, 1910, she married George Peter Gates.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEaster and George Gates moved to Fort Lauderdale, Florida in 1918. They had two sons named Robert and Theodore. In 1926, Easter Lily saved her family in a severe hurricane by carrying her husband and two sons to the second floor of their home; they lost everything they owned and two weeks later her husband died from anemia. To provide for her children, Gates became Broward County's first female bus driver. In 1928, she ran for and won the  Supervisor of Elections job.  She maintained this position for 40 years, from 1929 to 1969. Easter Lily Gates registered Broward County's first Seminole and African-American voters.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEaster Lily Gates retired in 1969 at 80 years old. At 92 years old, she moved to Tampa, Florida and Thomasville, Georgia to live with her sons. Easter Lily Gates entered a nursing home in Tampa before her death. She died in February 1985.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Easter Lily Biblo Gates was born on April 21, 1889, in Des Moines, Iowa to parents Elijah and Etta Biblo. Easter Lily Gates travelled west with her family by covered wagon to Utah and Nevada. She made hats as a store clerk at 17 years old. On January 20, 1910, she married George Peter Gates.","Easter and George Gates moved to Fort Lauderdale, Florida in 1918. They had two sons named Robert and Theodore. In 1926, Easter Lily saved her family in a severe hurricane by carrying her husband and two sons to the second floor of their home; they lost everything they owned and two weeks later her husband died from anemia. To provide for her children, Gates became Broward County's first female bus driver. In 1928, she ran for and won the  Supervisor of Elections job.  She maintained this position for 40 years, from 1929 to 1969. Easter Lily Gates registered Broward County's first Seminole and African-American voters.","Easter Lily Gates retired in 1969 at 80 years old. At 92 years old, she moved to Tampa, Florida and Thomasville, Georgia to live with her sons. Easter Lily Gates entered a nursing home in Tampa before her death. She died in February 1985."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEaster Lily Gates Collection, Broward County Historical Archives, Broward County Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Easter Lily Gates Collection, Broward County Historical Archives, Broward County Library."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://digitalarchives.broward.org/digital/collection/elgates/search\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eView a selection of digitized materials from the Easter Lily Gates Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Digital Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["View a selection of digitized materials from the Easter Lily Gates Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Easter Lily Gates Collection contains correspondence, photographs, printed materials, maps, prayer books, awards, political and election materials documenting the professional and personal life of Easter Lily Gates.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Easter Lily Gates Collection contains correspondence, photographs, printed materials, maps, prayer books, awards, political and election materials documenting the professional and personal life of Easter Lily Gates."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Easter Lily Gates Collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Easter Lily Gates Collection is open for research."],"names_ssim":[" Broward County Historical Archives"],"corpname_ssim":[" Broward County Historical Archives"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":501,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1875370525482549248,"_root_":"fcab20b88f8ed86bfbd56dc2","timestamp":"2026-09-04T03:31:43.893Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/fcab20b88f8ed86bfbd56dc2_aspace_47dcb607dd2441f0fb5d568b32f0da71"}},{"id":"1efe7df8e9cb3317e5aad19c_aspace_9d95c0dac58cf09468b4812c59b5f477","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Conference registrations, meetings, speeches, circa 1956-1976","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/1efe7df8e9cb3317e5aad19c_aspace_9d95c0dac58cf09468b4812c59b5f477#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_9d95c0dac58cf09468b4812c59b5f477","ref_ssm":["aspace_9d95c0dac58cf09468b4812c59b5f477","aspace_9d95c0dac58cf09468b4812c59b5f477"],"id":"1efe7df8e9cb3317e5aad19c_aspace_9d95c0dac58cf09468b4812c59b5f477","title_filing_ssi":"Conference registrations, meetings, speeches","title_ssm":["Conference registrations, meetings, speeches"],"title_tesim":["Conference registrations, meetings, speeches"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1956-1976"],"normalized_date_ssm":["circa 1956-1976"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Conference registrations, meetings, speeches, circa 1956-1976"],"text":["Conference registrations, meetings, speeches, circa 1956-1976","J. W. \"Bill\" Stevens Collection, Circa 1940-1986","Professional papers","/repositories/4/archival_objects/6871","box 4","folder 101"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["1efe7df8e9cb3317e5aad19c","1efe7df8e9cb3317e5aad19c_aspace_eb08085f1580b712909e5a03cbb1fd55"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["J. W. \"Bill\" Stevens Collection, Circa 1940-1986","Professional papers"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["J. W. \"Bill\" Stevens Collection, Circa 1940-1986","Professional papers"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/4/archival_objects/6871"],"repository_ssim":["Broward County Historical Archives"],"collection_ssim":["J. W. \"Bill\" Stevens Collection, Circa 1940-1986"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":109,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The J. W. \"Bill\" Stevens Collection is open for research."],"date_range_isim":[1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976],"containers_ssim":["box 4","folder 101"],"_nest_path_":"/components#4/components#0","_nest_parent_":"1efe7df8e9cb3317e5aad19c_aspace_eb08085f1580b712909e5a03cbb1fd55","_root_":"1efe7df8e9cb3317e5aad19c","_version_":1873196202288218112,"timestamp":"2026-08-11T03:31:47.707Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"1efe7df8e9cb3317e5aad19c","title_filing_ssi":"Stevens, J. W. \"Bill\"  Collection","title_ssm":["J. W. \"Bill\" Stevens Collection"],"title_tesim":["J. W. \"Bill\" Stevens Collection"],"ead_ssi":"1efe7df8e9cb3317e5aad19c","unitdate_ssm":["Circa 1940-1986"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Circa 1940-1986"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["BCHA.1994.25","/repositories/4/resources/31"],"text":["BCHA.1994.25","/repositories/4/resources/31","J. W. \"Bill\" Stevens Collection, Circa 1940-1986","The J. W. \"Bill\" Stevens Collection is open for research.","J. W. (James Williams) \"Bill\" Stevens was born on Dember 12, 1917 to Vene Juanita and Homer Clair Stevens. He was raised in Grand Rapids, MI, and  moved to Fort Lauderdale, Broward County, Florida in 1925. While there he attended Oakland Park Elementary School and graduated from Miami High School in 1936. From 1941 to 1967, the Stevens family owned and operated five locations of the Stevens Bakery in Fort Lauderdale. Upon graduation, he attended Wittenberg University in Springfield, OH where he met his wife Jeanne Freeburger. He later enlisted to serve in the United States army serving as Captain in the 77th Infantry Division, Quartermaster Section, in Manila and Japan during World War II. After the war in 1946,  Stevens moved his family to Oakland Park where they raised their daughters, Barbara and Lynn. In 1946 Stevens won a seat on the Oakland Park City Council, and ran for the Broward County Commission. He served as that City's Mayor from 1955 to 1962. Stevens served 16 years on the Broward County Commission and was nicknamed \"Mr. Republican.\" In 1980, Stevens served a two year term on the Florida Senate where he along with State Representative Linda Cox (D-Ft. Lauderdale), passed the Trauma Center Designation bill. Stevens also held other positions throughout his life which included president of the Florida State association of County Commissioners, president appointee for the National Highway and Motor Vehicle Safety Committee, Blue Ribbon Transportation Committee. Stevens was also in the Electoral College for the election of president Eisenhower. He was the Assistant City Manager of Deerfield Beach, Florida from 1983-1986. Stevens also continued to pursue higher education and in 1984 received his Bachelor of Science Degree in Public Administration from Nova University in Davie, Florida. He became City Manager of Parkland, Broward County, Florida from 1986-1988.Outside of politics and education, Stevens was a member of the J.D. Hawkins Lodge in Oakland Park, and served as grandmaster of the 33rd Scottish Rite. J. W. \"Bill\" Stevens died on March 19, 2010, in Fort Walton Beach, FL.","This collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection","View a selection of digitized materials from the J. W. \"Bill\" Stevens Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives.","The J. W. \"Bill\" Stevens Collection contains photographs, correspondence, printed material and clippings documenting James Williams (J. W. \"Bill\") Stevens's career as mayor of Oakland Park, Florida as well as his tenure as state senator. Personal photographs and correspondence are also included in the collection."," Broward County Historical Archives","J. W. Stevens (James William \"Bill\")","English"],"unitid_tesim":["BCHA.1994.25","/repositories/4/resources/31"],"normalized_date_ssm":["Circa 1940-1986"],"normalized_title_ssm":["J. W. \"Bill\" Stevens Collection, Circa 1940-1986"],"collection_title_tesim":["J. W. \"Bill\" Stevens Collection, Circa 1940-1986"],"collection_ssim":["J. W. \"Bill\" Stevens Collection, Circa 1940-1986"],"repository_ssm":["Broward County Historical Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Broward County Historical Archives"],"creator_ssm":["J. W. Stevens (James William \"Bill\")"],"creator_ssim":["J. W. Stevens (James William \"Bill\")"],"creator_persname_ssim":["J. W. Stevens (James William \"Bill\")"],"creators_ssim":["J. W. Stevens (James William \"Bill\")"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The J. W. \"Bill\" Stevens Collection was given to Broward County Historical Archives from the Mississippi Museum of History who received the collection from Barbara Fortner, daughter of J. W. \"Bill\" Stevens. Barbara Fortner also donated additional materials directly to the Broward County Historical Archives."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["9 Hollinger Boxes","2 Boxes (irregular size)"],"extent_tesim":["9 Hollinger Boxes","2 Boxes (irregular size)"],"date_range_isim":[1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe J. W. \"Bill\" Stevens Collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The J. W. \"Bill\" Stevens Collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJ. W. (James Williams) \"Bill\" Stevens was born on Dember 12, 1917 to Vene Juanita and Homer Clair Stevens. He was raised in Grand Rapids, MI, and  moved to Fort Lauderdale, Broward County, Florida in 1925. While there he attended Oakland Park Elementary School and graduated from Miami High School in 1936. From 1941 to 1967, the Stevens family owned and operated five locations of the Stevens Bakery in Fort Lauderdale. Upon graduation, he attended Wittenberg University in Springfield, OH where he met his wife Jeanne Freeburger. He later enlisted to serve in the United States army serving as Captain in the 77th Infantry Division, Quartermaster Section, in Manila and Japan during World War II. After the war in 1946,  Stevens moved his family to Oakland Park where they raised their daughters, Barbara and Lynn. In 1946 Stevens won a seat on the Oakland Park City Council, and ran for the Broward County Commission. He served as that City's Mayor from 1955 to 1962. Stevens served 16 years on the Broward County Commission and was nicknamed \"Mr. Republican.\" In 1980, Stevens served a two year term on the Florida Senate where he along with State Representative Linda Cox (D-Ft. Lauderdale), passed the Trauma Center Designation bill. Stevens also held other positions throughout his life which included president of the Florida State association of County Commissioners, president appointee for the National Highway and Motor Vehicle Safety Committee, Blue Ribbon Transportation Committee. Stevens was also in the Electoral College for the election of president Eisenhower. He was the Assistant City Manager of Deerfield Beach, Florida from 1983-1986. Stevens also continued to pursue higher education and in 1984 received his Bachelor of Science Degree in Public Administration from Nova University in Davie, Florida. He became City Manager of Parkland, Broward County, Florida from 1986-1988.Outside of politics and education, Stevens was a member of the J.D. Hawkins Lodge in Oakland Park, and served as grandmaster of the 33rd Scottish Rite. J. W. \"Bill\" Stevens died on March 19, 2010, in Fort Walton Beach, FL.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["J. W. (James Williams) \"Bill\" Stevens was born on Dember 12, 1917 to Vene Juanita and Homer Clair Stevens. He was raised in Grand Rapids, MI, and  moved to Fort Lauderdale, Broward County, Florida in 1925. While there he attended Oakland Park Elementary School and graduated from Miami High School in 1936. From 1941 to 1967, the Stevens family owned and operated five locations of the Stevens Bakery in Fort Lauderdale. Upon graduation, he attended Wittenberg University in Springfield, OH where he met his wife Jeanne Freeburger. He later enlisted to serve in the United States army serving as Captain in the 77th Infantry Division, Quartermaster Section, in Manila and Japan during World War II. After the war in 1946,  Stevens moved his family to Oakland Park where they raised their daughters, Barbara and Lynn. In 1946 Stevens won a seat on the Oakland Park City Council, and ran for the Broward County Commission. He served as that City's Mayor from 1955 to 1962. Stevens served 16 years on the Broward County Commission and was nicknamed \"Mr. Republican.\" In 1980, Stevens served a two year term on the Florida Senate where he along with State Representative Linda Cox (D-Ft. Lauderdale), passed the Trauma Center Designation bill. Stevens also held other positions throughout his life which included president of the Florida State association of County Commissioners, president appointee for the National Highway and Motor Vehicle Safety Committee, Blue Ribbon Transportation Committee. Stevens was also in the Electoral College for the election of president Eisenhower. He was the Assistant City Manager of Deerfield Beach, Florida from 1983-1986. Stevens also continued to pursue higher education and in 1984 received his Bachelor of Science Degree in Public Administration from Nova University in Davie, Florida. He became City Manager of Parkland, Broward County, Florida from 1986-1988.Outside of politics and education, Stevens was a member of the J.D. Hawkins Lodge in Oakland Park, and served as grandmaster of the 33rd Scottish Rite. J. W. \"Bill\" Stevens died on March 19, 2010, in Fort Walton Beach, FL."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJ. W. \"Bill\" Stevens Collection, Broward County Historical Archives, Broward County Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["J. W. \"Bill\" Stevens Collection, Broward County Historical Archives, Broward County Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://digitalarchives.broward.org/digital/collection/p16146coll42\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eView a selection of digitized materials from the J. W. \"Bill\" Stevens Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Digital Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["View a selection of digitized materials from the J. W. \"Bill\" Stevens Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe J. W. \"Bill\" Stevens Collection contains photographs, correspondence, printed material and clippings documenting James Williams (J. W. \"Bill\") Stevens's career as mayor of Oakland Park, Florida as well as his tenure as state senator. Personal photographs and correspondence are also included in the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The J. W. \"Bill\" Stevens Collection contains photographs, correspondence, printed material and clippings documenting James Williams (J. W. \"Bill\") Stevens's career as mayor of Oakland Park, Florida as well as his tenure as state senator. Personal photographs and correspondence are also included in the collection."],"names_ssim":[" Broward County Historical Archives","J. W. Stevens (James William \"Bill\")"],"corpname_ssim":[" Broward County Historical Archives"],"persname_ssim":["J. W. Stevens (James William \"Bill\")"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":159,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1873196202288218112,"_root_":"1efe7df8e9cb3317e5aad19c","timestamp":"2026-08-11T03:31:47.707Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/1efe7df8e9cb3317e5aad19c_aspace_9d95c0dac58cf09468b4812c59b5f477"}},{"id":"731b674a396f199a6d388d63","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Congressman James A. Haley Collection, 1948-1977","creator":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/731b674a396f199a6d388d63#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["Haley, James A., Congressman "],"label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/731b674a396f199a6d388d63#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eThe James A. Haley Papers consist of his personal and political papers. Correspondence, clippings, newsletters, photographs, congressional reports, and awards from various civic and political organizations give insight into Haley's public interests. Photographs of his wife, the Circus and political affiliates uncover the many facets of Haley's life. A limited amount of biographical information, including news articles about his death, reflect on how this public figure kept his private life private. Of note is the series about the Hartford Circus fire. \u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/731b674a396f199a6d388d63#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"731b674a396f199a6d388d63","title_ssm":["Congressman James A. Haley Collection"],"title_tesim":["Congressman James A. Haley Collection"],"ead_ssi":"731b674a396f199a6d388d63","unitdate_ssm":["1948-1977"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1948-1977"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS1040","/repositories/2/resources/17"],"text":["MS1040","/repositories/2/resources/17","Congressman James A. Haley Collection, 1948-1977","Washington D.C.","Florida--Politics","Lakeland and Polk County Politics","United States. Congress","House of Representatives--Florida--State Legislature","Circus--management","Correspondence","Clippings","Speeches","This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to\nunprocessed born digital materials.","The materials in this collection were maintained by the subject's staff by issue and date. With some modifications allowing for clarity, they have been arranged in a similar fashion. However, you will find that individual issues may appear under multiple subject headings. For example, \"Watergate\" may\nappear under its own heading as well as under \"Richard Nixon\" or \"Nixon Administration.\" Please note that even though the files are arranged by issue, some correspondence might also be located in \"catch-all\" categories such as \"Haley Bills: Master File: 83rd Congress: 1953-1954,\"\n\"Correspondence: 19XX,\" to use but two examples.","James A. Haley, as chairman of the House Interior Committee during the 1970s, was instrumental in the creation of Big Cypress National Preserve. Franklin Adams lobbied for the establishment of the Big Cypress National Preserve along with many other environmental issues. The Franklin Adams Papers are housed at Florida International University. The Franklin Adams Collection, SPC9000, at Florida International University, Miami. ","James Andrew Haley (January 4, 1899 – August 6, 1981) was a U.S. Representative from Florida. Born in Jacksonville, Alabama, Haley attended the public schools and the University of Alabama. He served in the U.S. Army during World War I, and saw combat in France. He was an accountant in Sarasota, Florida, from 1920 to 1933 and served as general manager of the John Ringling estate from 1933 to 1943.\nOn December 4, 1942, Haley married Aubrey Ringling (née Aubrey Barlow Black), the widow of Richard T. Ringling who had died in 1931. Richard Ringling was the son of one of the original Ringling brothers. From 1943 to 1945, he was the first vice president of Ringling Circus and president and\ndirector of Ringling Brothers, Barnum \u0026 Bailey. In 1944, a fire broke out at a Ringling Circus show in Hartford, Connecticut that killed 169 persons. As a result of the fire he and five other circus officials pleaded no contest to charges of involuntary manslaughter and were sentenced to prison. He served\neight months and in 1945 was returned to Florida, where he received a pardon from Governor Millard F. Caldwell. Upon his release from prison, Haley again served as president and director for the Ringling Bros. and Barnum and Bailey Circus of Sarasota from 1946 to 1948. He engaged in newspaper publishing and\nlater in general printing business. He served as chairman of the Democratic Executive Committee of Sarasota County 1935–1952. He was elected and served as member of the Florida House of Representatives from 1949 to 1952. He was a delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1952, 1956, and 1960.\nHaley was elected as a Democrat to the Eighty-third and to the eleven succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1953 – January 3, 1977). He was a member of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, the Hospital Subcommittee of the Veterans Affair Committee, and the Indian Affairs Subcommittee. He served as chairman of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs (Ninety-third\nand Ninety-fourth Congresses). Haley was not a candidate for reelection to the Ninety-fifth Congress in 1976.","Haley died in Sarasota on August 6, 1981 and was interred in Boca Raton Cemetery in Boca Raton,FL. The James A. Haley Veterans Hospital located in Tampa is named for him. ","Sources: U.S. House of Representatives Official Biography and Haley Papers biographical data, 2018","The James A. Haley Papers consist of his personal and political papers. Correspondence, clippings, newsletters, photographs, congressional reports, and awards from various civic and political organizations give insight into Haley's public interests. Photographs of his wife, the Circus and political\naffiliates uncover the many facets of Haley's life. A limited amount of biographical information, including news articles about his death, reflect on how this public figure kept his private life private. Of note is the\nseries about the Hartford Circus fire. ","The Papers are arranged in five collections: Personal, Hartford Circus Fire, Political, Florida House of Representatives, and U.S. Congressional.","The Personal papers, arranged alphabetically by format, consists of calendars, correspondence, newsletters, photographs, awards and other ephemera giving a broad look into Haley's life in and out of office. A limited amount of biographical information, including news articles about his death, is included.","Haley Papers\nCorrespondence, newsletters, and awards from various civic and political organizations show the range of Haley's public interests while the invitations he accepted give a sense of the social life of a congressman in the 1950s-1970s. Congratulatory messages may give insight into who he counted\namong his political allies. The correspondence in this series, 1940-1981, the bulk of which are letters from Haley's time in the U.S. House of Representative (1953-1976) is of a general nature and may not be of a specific topic, but often must still be viewed as official. Since Haley was a public figure, the materials in this series should be viewed in the context that public figures kept their private life private.","The ephemera is mostly three-dimensional objects from Haley's office. The photographs within this series are also generally of an official nature. They are arranged by subject. Of particular note are the\nphotographs of Haley with several U.S. Presidents. Please see a digital exhibit at\nhttp://www.flsouthern.edu/library/mckay-archives/digital-exhibits/haley-presidents.aspx.","The Hartford Circus Fire collection encompasses documentation of the burning of a tent at the Ringling Bros. and Barnum \u0026 Baily Circus in Hartford, Connecticut on July 6, 1944, the loss of 150 lives, and the resulting trial. As first vice president of the Company, James A. Haley took responsibility, was found\nguilty of manslaughter, and served time in a federal prison. The documentation is comprised of, but not limited to, correspondence, news clippings, financial documents and court records. Correspondence takes the form of letters and telegrams with topics between Haley and staff and Haley and lawyers about what happened in the fire and with the trial. There are also letters to Haley while he is in jail, mostly regarding his personal health and welfare. There are extensive newspaper clippings about the fire and the trial. Corporate information includes circus routes, minutes and by-laws. The financial documents are extensive and record the financial standing of the circus, while Court Records consist of trial scripts, pleas, and scripts from the parole hearing. Anyone searching for general understanding of the events of the fire should look at the newspapers, and then the letters and telegrams.","The Political Papers collection concerns Haley's campaigns and party work. As a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, Haley was up for reelection every two years. The Campaign Files sub-series contains correspondence, government records, news articles, and other documents related to the subject's political campaigns between 1952 and 1974. Of special interest are the endorsements which how where and from whom he received his political support from.","The Democratic Party sub-collection reflects the subject's involvement with his political party. He served as a delegate to several Democratic National Conventions over the course of his career. He also took an interest in other political races throughout Florida and the nation. This series contains correspondence and newspaper articles concerning elections not specific to the subject, as well as general party information for candidates and booklets produced for the conventions.","The Florida House of Representatives collection encompass Haley's career as the State Representative for Sarasota County in the Florida House of Representatives. Haley held this office from 1948-1952. The materials are arranged in as logical order as possible. There was no discernable order prior to processing as the materials had been housed and rehoused several times since they were donated to the college. Of special note are the materials related to the Haley Committee Investigating Crime, which investigated political corruption and organized crime in the state. The collection also includes materials concerning state issues of the day, as well as issues specific to Sarasota County. Additionally, there are reference materials used by the subject in the performance of his duties. The Haley Committee on Investigating Crime sub-series contains transcripts of hearings, proceedings,\ncorrespondence, and news articles related to this committee, while the Issues sub-series is arranged Haley Papers\nalphabetically and contains correspondence, legislation, news articles, and reference material related to the respective issue. The Reference sub-series contain Florida House and Senate Bill Summaries, Legislative calendars, House and Senate Journals, and roll call votes. And, the Sarasota District subseries contain correspondence, reference materials, and news articles related specifically to that district.","The U.S. Congressional Papers, the largest collection, comprise the political aspects of Haley's US congressional career. The materials are arranged in alphabetical order created by his office. Haley held a seat representing the southwest coast and heartland of Florida from 1953-1977. The materials in this\nseries contain correspondence, articles, government documents, and photographs; they cover nearly every major issue to confront the United States during the 1950s through the 1970s. Of special note is the constituent correspondence, which are letters from citizens to Haley asking for information or help on a variety of topics. Letters and telegrams sent to Haley by citizens in his district give a sense of the\nviews of the general public concerning the issues of the era. Haley's views are expressed in his replies. The materials are arranged alphabetically by issue and date. This arrangement closely corresponds to how they were filed in the subject's office. Please note that even though the files are arranged by issue, some correspondence might also be located in \"catch-all\" categories such as \"Haley Bills: Master File: 83rd Congress: 1953-1954,\"\n\"Correspondence: 19XX,\" to use but two examples. ","The Congressman James A. Haley Papers are owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by\nthe copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Please inquire if you have questions -\narchives@flsouthern.edu. ","Constituent Correspondence files are restricted from publication until 2052","The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections","Haley, James A., Congressman ","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS1040","/repositories/2/resources/17"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1948-1977"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Congressman James A. Haley Collection, 1948-1977"],"collection_title_tesim":["Congressman James A. Haley Collection, 1948-1977"],"collection_ssim":["Congressman James A. Haley Collection, 1948-1977"],"repository_ssm":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections"],"repository_ssim":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Washington D.C."],"geogname_ssim":["Washington D.C."],"creator_ssm":["Haley, James A., Congressman "],"creator_ssim":["Haley, James A., Congressman "],"creator_persname_ssim":["Haley, James A., Congressman "],"creators_ssim":["Haley, James A., Congressman "],"places_ssim":["Washington D.C."],"access_terms_ssm":["The Congressman James A. Haley Papers are owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by\nthe copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Please inquire if you have questions -\narchives@flsouthern.edu. ","Constituent Correspondence files are restricted from publication until 2052"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Florida--Politics","Lakeland and Polk County Politics","United States. Congress","House of Representatives--Florida--State Legislature","Circus--management","Correspondence","Clippings","Speeches"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Florida--Politics","Lakeland and Polk County Politics","United States. Congress","House of Representatives--Florida--State Legislature","Circus--management","Correspondence","Clippings","Speeches"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["150 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["150 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Clippings","Speeches"],"date_range_isim":[1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to\nunprocessed born digital materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to\nunprocessed born digital materials."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this collection were maintained by the subject's staff by issue and date. With some modifications allowing for clarity, they have been arranged in a similar fashion. However, you will find that individual issues may appear under multiple subject headings. For example, \"Watergate\" may\nappear under its own heading as well as under \"Richard Nixon\" or \"Nixon Administration.\" Please note that even though the files are arranged by issue, some correspondence might also be located in \"catch-all\" categories such as \"Haley Bills: Master File: 83rd Congress: 1953-1954,\"\n\"Correspondence: 19XX,\" to use but two examples.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJames A. Haley, as chairman of the House Interior Committee during the 1970s, was instrumental in the creation of Big Cypress National Preserve. Franklin Adams lobbied for the establishment of the Big Cypress National Preserve along with many other environmental issues. The Franklin Adams Papers are housed at Florida International University. The Franklin Adams Collection, SPC9000, at Florida International University, Miami. \u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The materials in this collection were maintained by the subject's staff by issue and date. With some modifications allowing for clarity, they have been arranged in a similar fashion. However, you will find that individual issues may appear under multiple subject headings. For example, \"Watergate\" may\nappear under its own heading as well as under \"Richard Nixon\" or \"Nixon Administration.\" Please note that even though the files are arranged by issue, some correspondence might also be located in \"catch-all\" categories such as \"Haley Bills: Master File: 83rd Congress: 1953-1954,\"\n\"Correspondence: 19XX,\" to use but two examples.","James A. Haley, as chairman of the House Interior Committee during the 1970s, was instrumental in the creation of Big Cypress National Preserve. Franklin Adams lobbied for the establishment of the Big Cypress National Preserve along with many other environmental issues. The Franklin Adams Papers are housed at Florida International University. The Franklin Adams Collection, SPC9000, at Florida International University, Miami. "],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames Andrew Haley (January 4, 1899 \u0026#x2013; August 6, 1981) was a U.S. Representative from Florida. Born in Jacksonville, Alabama, Haley attended the public schools and the University of Alabama. He served in the U.S. Army during World War I, and saw combat in France. He was an accountant in Sarasota, Florida, from 1920 to 1933 and served as general manager of the John Ringling estate from 1933 to 1943.\nOn December 4, 1942, Haley married Aubrey Ringling (n\u0026#xE9;e Aubrey Barlow Black), the widow of Richard T. Ringling who had died in 1931. Richard Ringling was the son of one of the original Ringling brothers. From 1943 to 1945, he was the first vice president of Ringling Circus and president and\ndirector of Ringling Brothers, Barnum \u0026amp; Bailey. In 1944, a fire broke out at a Ringling Circus show in Hartford, Connecticut that killed 169 persons. As a result of the fire he and five other circus officials pleaded no contest to charges of involuntary manslaughter and were sentenced to prison. He served\neight months and in 1945 was returned to Florida, where he received a pardon from Governor Millard F. Caldwell. Upon his release from prison, Haley again served as president and director for the Ringling Bros. and Barnum and Bailey Circus of Sarasota from 1946 to 1948. He engaged in newspaper publishing and\nlater in general printing business. He served as chairman of the Democratic Executive Committee of Sarasota County 1935\u0026#x2013;1952. He was elected and served as member of the Florida House of Representatives from 1949 to 1952. He was a delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1952, 1956, and 1960.\nHaley was elected as a Democrat to the Eighty-third and to the eleven succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1953 \u0026#x2013; January 3, 1977). He was a member of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, the Hospital Subcommittee of the Veterans Affair Committee, and the Indian Affairs Subcommittee. He served as chairman of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs (Ninety-third\nand Ninety-fourth Congresses). Haley was not a candidate for reelection to the Ninety-fifth Congress in 1976.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHaley died in Sarasota on August 6, 1981 and was interred in Boca Raton Cemetery in Boca Raton,FL. The James A. Haley Veterans Hospital located in Tampa is named for him. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources: U.S. House of Representatives Official Biography and Haley Papers biographical data, 2018\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["James Andrew Haley (January 4, 1899 – August 6, 1981) was a U.S. Representative from Florida. Born in Jacksonville, Alabama, Haley attended the public schools and the University of Alabama. He served in the U.S. Army during World War I, and saw combat in France. He was an accountant in Sarasota, Florida, from 1920 to 1933 and served as general manager of the John Ringling estate from 1933 to 1943.\nOn December 4, 1942, Haley married Aubrey Ringling (née Aubrey Barlow Black), the widow of Richard T. Ringling who had died in 1931. Richard Ringling was the son of one of the original Ringling brothers. From 1943 to 1945, he was the first vice president of Ringling Circus and president and\ndirector of Ringling Brothers, Barnum \u0026 Bailey. In 1944, a fire broke out at a Ringling Circus show in Hartford, Connecticut that killed 169 persons. As a result of the fire he and five other circus officials pleaded no contest to charges of involuntary manslaughter and were sentenced to prison. He served\neight months and in 1945 was returned to Florida, where he received a pardon from Governor Millard F. Caldwell. Upon his release from prison, Haley again served as president and director for the Ringling Bros. and Barnum and Bailey Circus of Sarasota from 1946 to 1948. He engaged in newspaper publishing and\nlater in general printing business. He served as chairman of the Democratic Executive Committee of Sarasota County 1935–1952. He was elected and served as member of the Florida House of Representatives from 1949 to 1952. He was a delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1952, 1956, and 1960.\nHaley was elected as a Democrat to the Eighty-third and to the eleven succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1953 – January 3, 1977). He was a member of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, the Hospital Subcommittee of the Veterans Affair Committee, and the Indian Affairs Subcommittee. He served as chairman of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs (Ninety-third\nand Ninety-fourth Congresses). Haley was not a candidate for reelection to the Ninety-fifth Congress in 1976.","Haley died in Sarasota on August 6, 1981 and was interred in Boca Raton Cemetery in Boca Raton,FL. The James A. Haley Veterans Hospital located in Tampa is named for him. ","Sources: U.S. House of Representatives Official Biography and Haley Papers biographical data, 2018"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe James A. Haley Papers consist of his personal and political papers. Correspondence, clippings, newsletters, photographs, congressional reports, and awards from various civic and political organizations give insight into Haley's public interests. Photographs of his wife, the Circus and political\naffiliates uncover the many facets of Haley's life. A limited amount of biographical information, including news articles about his death, reflect on how this public figure kept his private life private. Of note is the\nseries about the Hartford Circus fire. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Papers are arranged in five collections: Personal, Hartford Circus Fire, Political, Florida House of Representatives, and U.S. Congressional.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Personal papers, arranged alphabetically by format, consists of calendars, correspondence, newsletters, photographs, awards and other ephemera giving a broad look into Haley's life in and out of office. A limited amount of biographical information, including news articles about his death, is included.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHaley Papers\nCorrespondence, newsletters, and awards from various civic and political organizations show the range of Haley's public interests while the invitations he accepted give a sense of the social life of a congressman in the 1950s-1970s. Congratulatory messages may give insight into who he counted\namong his political allies. The correspondence in this series, 1940-1981, the bulk of which are letters from Haley's time in the U.S. House of Representative (1953-1976) is of a general nature and may not be of a specific topic, but often must still be viewed as official. Since Haley was a public figure, the materials in this series should be viewed in the context that public figures kept their private life private.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe ephemera is mostly three-dimensional objects from Haley's office. The photographs within this series are also generally of an official nature. They are arranged by subject. Of particular note are the\nphotographs of Haley with several U.S. Presidents. Please see a digital exhibit at\nhttp://www.flsouthern.edu/library/mckay-archives/digital-exhibits/haley-presidents.aspx.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Hartford Circus Fire collection encompasses documentation of the burning of a tent at the Ringling Bros. and Barnum \u0026amp; Baily Circus in Hartford, Connecticut on July 6, 1944, the loss of 150 lives, and the resulting trial. As first vice president of the Company, James A. Haley took responsibility, was found\nguilty of manslaughter, and served time in a federal prison. The documentation is comprised of, but not limited to, correspondence, news clippings, financial documents and court records. Correspondence takes the form of letters and telegrams with topics between Haley and staff and Haley and lawyers about what happened in the fire and with the trial. There are also letters to Haley while he is in jail, mostly regarding his personal health and welfare. There are extensive newspaper clippings about the fire and the trial. Corporate information includes circus routes, minutes and by-laws. The financial documents are extensive and record the financial standing of the circus, while Court Records consist of trial scripts, pleas, and scripts from the parole hearing. Anyone searching for general understanding of the events of the fire should look at the newspapers, and then the letters and telegrams.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Political Papers collection concerns Haley's campaigns and party work. As a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, Haley was up for reelection every two years. The Campaign Files sub-series contains correspondence, government records, news articles, and other documents related to the subject's political campaigns between 1952 and 1974. Of special interest are the endorsements which how where and from whom he received his political support from.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Democratic Party sub-collection reflects the subject's involvement with his political party. He served as a delegate to several Democratic National Conventions over the course of his career. He also took an interest in other political races throughout Florida and the nation. This series contains correspondence and newspaper articles concerning elections not specific to the subject, as well as general party information for candidates and booklets produced for the conventions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Florida House of Representatives collection encompass Haley's career as the State Representative for Sarasota County in the Florida House of Representatives. Haley held this office from 1948-1952. The materials are arranged in as logical order as possible. There was no discernable order prior to processing as the materials had been housed and rehoused several times since they were donated to the college. Of special note are the materials related to the Haley Committee Investigating Crime, which investigated political corruption and organized crime in the state. The collection also includes materials concerning state issues of the day, as well as issues specific to Sarasota County. Additionally, there are reference materials used by the subject in the performance of his duties. The Haley Committee on Investigating Crime sub-series contains transcripts of hearings, proceedings,\ncorrespondence, and news articles related to this committee, while the Issues sub-series is arranged Haley Papers\nalphabetically and contains correspondence, legislation, news articles, and reference material related to the respective issue. The Reference sub-series contain Florida House and Senate Bill Summaries, Legislative calendars, House and Senate Journals, and roll call votes. And, the Sarasota District subseries contain correspondence, reference materials, and news articles related specifically to that district.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. Congressional Papers, the largest collection, comprise the political aspects of Haley's US congressional career. The materials are arranged in alphabetical order created by his office. Haley held a seat representing the southwest coast and heartland of Florida from 1953-1977. The materials in this\nseries contain correspondence, articles, government documents, and photographs; they cover nearly every major issue to confront the United States during the 1950s through the 1970s. Of special note is the constituent correspondence, which are letters from citizens to Haley asking for information or help on a variety of topics. Letters and telegrams sent to Haley by citizens in his district give a sense of the\nviews of the general public concerning the issues of the era. Haley's views are expressed in his replies. The materials are arranged alphabetically by issue and date. This arrangement closely corresponds to how they were filed in the subject's office. Please note that even though the files are arranged by issue, some correspondence might also be located in \"catch-all\" categories such as \"Haley Bills: Master File: 83rd Congress: 1953-1954,\"\n\"Correspondence: 19XX,\" to use but two examples. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The James A. Haley Papers consist of his personal and political papers. Correspondence, clippings, newsletters, photographs, congressional reports, and awards from various civic and political organizations give insight into Haley's public interests. Photographs of his wife, the Circus and political\naffiliates uncover the many facets of Haley's life. A limited amount of biographical information, including news articles about his death, reflect on how this public figure kept his private life private. Of note is the\nseries about the Hartford Circus fire. ","The Papers are arranged in five collections: Personal, Hartford Circus Fire, Political, Florida House of Representatives, and U.S. Congressional.","The Personal papers, arranged alphabetically by format, consists of calendars, correspondence, newsletters, photographs, awards and other ephemera giving a broad look into Haley's life in and out of office. A limited amount of biographical information, including news articles about his death, is included.","Haley Papers\nCorrespondence, newsletters, and awards from various civic and political organizations show the range of Haley's public interests while the invitations he accepted give a sense of the social life of a congressman in the 1950s-1970s. Congratulatory messages may give insight into who he counted\namong his political allies. The correspondence in this series, 1940-1981, the bulk of which are letters from Haley's time in the U.S. House of Representative (1953-1976) is of a general nature and may not be of a specific topic, but often must still be viewed as official. Since Haley was a public figure, the materials in this series should be viewed in the context that public figures kept their private life private.","The ephemera is mostly three-dimensional objects from Haley's office. The photographs within this series are also generally of an official nature. They are arranged by subject. Of particular note are the\nphotographs of Haley with several U.S. Presidents. Please see a digital exhibit at\nhttp://www.flsouthern.edu/library/mckay-archives/digital-exhibits/haley-presidents.aspx.","The Hartford Circus Fire collection encompasses documentation of the burning of a tent at the Ringling Bros. and Barnum \u0026 Baily Circus in Hartford, Connecticut on July 6, 1944, the loss of 150 lives, and the resulting trial. As first vice president of the Company, James A. Haley took responsibility, was found\nguilty of manslaughter, and served time in a federal prison. The documentation is comprised of, but not limited to, correspondence, news clippings, financial documents and court records. Correspondence takes the form of letters and telegrams with topics between Haley and staff and Haley and lawyers about what happened in the fire and with the trial. There are also letters to Haley while he is in jail, mostly regarding his personal health and welfare. There are extensive newspaper clippings about the fire and the trial. Corporate information includes circus routes, minutes and by-laws. The financial documents are extensive and record the financial standing of the circus, while Court Records consist of trial scripts, pleas, and scripts from the parole hearing. Anyone searching for general understanding of the events of the fire should look at the newspapers, and then the letters and telegrams.","The Political Papers collection concerns Haley's campaigns and party work. As a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, Haley was up for reelection every two years. The Campaign Files sub-series contains correspondence, government records, news articles, and other documents related to the subject's political campaigns between 1952 and 1974. Of special interest are the endorsements which how where and from whom he received his political support from.","The Democratic Party sub-collection reflects the subject's involvement with his political party. He served as a delegate to several Democratic National Conventions over the course of his career. He also took an interest in other political races throughout Florida and the nation. This series contains correspondence and newspaper articles concerning elections not specific to the subject, as well as general party information for candidates and booklets produced for the conventions.","The Florida House of Representatives collection encompass Haley's career as the State Representative for Sarasota County in the Florida House of Representatives. Haley held this office from 1948-1952. The materials are arranged in as logical order as possible. There was no discernable order prior to processing as the materials had been housed and rehoused several times since they were donated to the college. Of special note are the materials related to the Haley Committee Investigating Crime, which investigated political corruption and organized crime in the state. The collection also includes materials concerning state issues of the day, as well as issues specific to Sarasota County. Additionally, there are reference materials used by the subject in the performance of his duties. The Haley Committee on Investigating Crime sub-series contains transcripts of hearings, proceedings,\ncorrespondence, and news articles related to this committee, while the Issues sub-series is arranged Haley Papers\nalphabetically and contains correspondence, legislation, news articles, and reference material related to the respective issue. The Reference sub-series contain Florida House and Senate Bill Summaries, Legislative calendars, House and Senate Journals, and roll call votes. And, the Sarasota District subseries contain correspondence, reference materials, and news articles related specifically to that district.","The U.S. Congressional Papers, the largest collection, comprise the political aspects of Haley's US congressional career. The materials are arranged in alphabetical order created by his office. Haley held a seat representing the southwest coast and heartland of Florida from 1953-1977. The materials in this\nseries contain correspondence, articles, government documents, and photographs; they cover nearly every major issue to confront the United States during the 1950s through the 1970s. Of special note is the constituent correspondence, which are letters from citizens to Haley asking for information or help on a variety of topics. Letters and telegrams sent to Haley by citizens in his district give a sense of the\nviews of the general public concerning the issues of the era. Haley's views are expressed in his replies. The materials are arranged alphabetically by issue and date. This arrangement closely corresponds to how they were filed in the subject's office. Please note that even though the files are arranged by issue, some correspondence might also be located in \"catch-all\" categories such as \"Haley Bills: Master File: 83rd Congress: 1953-1954,\"\n\"Correspondence: 19XX,\" to use but two examples. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Congressman James A. Haley Papers are owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by\nthe copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Please inquire if you have questions -\narchives@flsouthern.edu. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eConstituent Correspondence files are restricted from publication until 2052\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Congressman James A. Haley Papers are owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by\nthe copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Please inquire if you have questions -\narchives@flsouthern.edu. ","Constituent Correspondence files are restricted from publication until 2052"],"names_ssim":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections","Haley, James A., Congressman "],"corpname_ssim":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Haley, James A., Congressman "],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":4376,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1875924461057736704,"_root_":"731b674a396f199a6d388d63","timestamp":"2026-09-10T06:16:17.977Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"731b674a396f199a6d388d63","title_ssm":["Congressman James A. Haley Collection"],"title_tesim":["Congressman James A. Haley Collection"],"ead_ssi":"731b674a396f199a6d388d63","unitdate_ssm":["1948-1977"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1948-1977"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS1040","/repositories/2/resources/17"],"text":["MS1040","/repositories/2/resources/17","Congressman James A. Haley Collection, 1948-1977","Washington D.C.","Florida--Politics","Lakeland and Polk County Politics","United States. Congress","House of Representatives--Florida--State Legislature","Circus--management","Correspondence","Clippings","Speeches","This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to\nunprocessed born digital materials.","The materials in this collection were maintained by the subject's staff by issue and date. With some modifications allowing for clarity, they have been arranged in a similar fashion. However, you will find that individual issues may appear under multiple subject headings. For example, \"Watergate\" may\nappear under its own heading as well as under \"Richard Nixon\" or \"Nixon Administration.\" Please note that even though the files are arranged by issue, some correspondence might also be located in \"catch-all\" categories such as \"Haley Bills: Master File: 83rd Congress: 1953-1954,\"\n\"Correspondence: 19XX,\" to use but two examples.","James A. Haley, as chairman of the House Interior Committee during the 1970s, was instrumental in the creation of Big Cypress National Preserve. Franklin Adams lobbied for the establishment of the Big Cypress National Preserve along with many other environmental issues. The Franklin Adams Papers are housed at Florida International University. The Franklin Adams Collection, SPC9000, at Florida International University, Miami. ","James Andrew Haley (January 4, 1899 – August 6, 1981) was a U.S. Representative from Florida. Born in Jacksonville, Alabama, Haley attended the public schools and the University of Alabama. He served in the U.S. Army during World War I, and saw combat in France. He was an accountant in Sarasota, Florida, from 1920 to 1933 and served as general manager of the John Ringling estate from 1933 to 1943.\nOn December 4, 1942, Haley married Aubrey Ringling (née Aubrey Barlow Black), the widow of Richard T. Ringling who had died in 1931. Richard Ringling was the son of one of the original Ringling brothers. From 1943 to 1945, he was the first vice president of Ringling Circus and president and\ndirector of Ringling Brothers, Barnum \u0026 Bailey. In 1944, a fire broke out at a Ringling Circus show in Hartford, Connecticut that killed 169 persons. As a result of the fire he and five other circus officials pleaded no contest to charges of involuntary manslaughter and were sentenced to prison. He served\neight months and in 1945 was returned to Florida, where he received a pardon from Governor Millard F. Caldwell. Upon his release from prison, Haley again served as president and director for the Ringling Bros. and Barnum and Bailey Circus of Sarasota from 1946 to 1948. He engaged in newspaper publishing and\nlater in general printing business. He served as chairman of the Democratic Executive Committee of Sarasota County 1935–1952. He was elected and served as member of the Florida House of Representatives from 1949 to 1952. He was a delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1952, 1956, and 1960.\nHaley was elected as a Democrat to the Eighty-third and to the eleven succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1953 – January 3, 1977). He was a member of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, the Hospital Subcommittee of the Veterans Affair Committee, and the Indian Affairs Subcommittee. He served as chairman of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs (Ninety-third\nand Ninety-fourth Congresses). Haley was not a candidate for reelection to the Ninety-fifth Congress in 1976.","Haley died in Sarasota on August 6, 1981 and was interred in Boca Raton Cemetery in Boca Raton,FL. The James A. Haley Veterans Hospital located in Tampa is named for him. ","Sources: U.S. House of Representatives Official Biography and Haley Papers biographical data, 2018","The James A. Haley Papers consist of his personal and political papers. Correspondence, clippings, newsletters, photographs, congressional reports, and awards from various civic and political organizations give insight into Haley's public interests. Photographs of his wife, the Circus and political\naffiliates uncover the many facets of Haley's life. A limited amount of biographical information, including news articles about his death, reflect on how this public figure kept his private life private. Of note is the\nseries about the Hartford Circus fire. ","The Papers are arranged in five collections: Personal, Hartford Circus Fire, Political, Florida House of Representatives, and U.S. Congressional.","The Personal papers, arranged alphabetically by format, consists of calendars, correspondence, newsletters, photographs, awards and other ephemera giving a broad look into Haley's life in and out of office. A limited amount of biographical information, including news articles about his death, is included.","Haley Papers\nCorrespondence, newsletters, and awards from various civic and political organizations show the range of Haley's public interests while the invitations he accepted give a sense of the social life of a congressman in the 1950s-1970s. Congratulatory messages may give insight into who he counted\namong his political allies. The correspondence in this series, 1940-1981, the bulk of which are letters from Haley's time in the U.S. House of Representative (1953-1976) is of a general nature and may not be of a specific topic, but often must still be viewed as official. Since Haley was a public figure, the materials in this series should be viewed in the context that public figures kept their private life private.","The ephemera is mostly three-dimensional objects from Haley's office. The photographs within this series are also generally of an official nature. They are arranged by subject. Of particular note are the\nphotographs of Haley with several U.S. Presidents. Please see a digital exhibit at\nhttp://www.flsouthern.edu/library/mckay-archives/digital-exhibits/haley-presidents.aspx.","The Hartford Circus Fire collection encompasses documentation of the burning of a tent at the Ringling Bros. and Barnum \u0026 Baily Circus in Hartford, Connecticut on July 6, 1944, the loss of 150 lives, and the resulting trial. As first vice president of the Company, James A. Haley took responsibility, was found\nguilty of manslaughter, and served time in a federal prison. The documentation is comprised of, but not limited to, correspondence, news clippings, financial documents and court records. Correspondence takes the form of letters and telegrams with topics between Haley and staff and Haley and lawyers about what happened in the fire and with the trial. There are also letters to Haley while he is in jail, mostly regarding his personal health and welfare. There are extensive newspaper clippings about the fire and the trial. Corporate information includes circus routes, minutes and by-laws. The financial documents are extensive and record the financial standing of the circus, while Court Records consist of trial scripts, pleas, and scripts from the parole hearing. Anyone searching for general understanding of the events of the fire should look at the newspapers, and then the letters and telegrams.","The Political Papers collection concerns Haley's campaigns and party work. As a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, Haley was up for reelection every two years. The Campaign Files sub-series contains correspondence, government records, news articles, and other documents related to the subject's political campaigns between 1952 and 1974. Of special interest are the endorsements which how where and from whom he received his political support from.","The Democratic Party sub-collection reflects the subject's involvement with his political party. He served as a delegate to several Democratic National Conventions over the course of his career. He also took an interest in other political races throughout Florida and the nation. This series contains correspondence and newspaper articles concerning elections not specific to the subject, as well as general party information for candidates and booklets produced for the conventions.","The Florida House of Representatives collection encompass Haley's career as the State Representative for Sarasota County in the Florida House of Representatives. Haley held this office from 1948-1952. The materials are arranged in as logical order as possible. There was no discernable order prior to processing as the materials had been housed and rehoused several times since they were donated to the college. Of special note are the materials related to the Haley Committee Investigating Crime, which investigated political corruption and organized crime in the state. The collection also includes materials concerning state issues of the day, as well as issues specific to Sarasota County. Additionally, there are reference materials used by the subject in the performance of his duties. The Haley Committee on Investigating Crime sub-series contains transcripts of hearings, proceedings,\ncorrespondence, and news articles related to this committee, while the Issues sub-series is arranged Haley Papers\nalphabetically and contains correspondence, legislation, news articles, and reference material related to the respective issue. The Reference sub-series contain Florida House and Senate Bill Summaries, Legislative calendars, House and Senate Journals, and roll call votes. And, the Sarasota District subseries contain correspondence, reference materials, and news articles related specifically to that district.","The U.S. Congressional Papers, the largest collection, comprise the political aspects of Haley's US congressional career. The materials are arranged in alphabetical order created by his office. Haley held a seat representing the southwest coast and heartland of Florida from 1953-1977. The materials in this\nseries contain correspondence, articles, government documents, and photographs; they cover nearly every major issue to confront the United States during the 1950s through the 1970s. Of special note is the constituent correspondence, which are letters from citizens to Haley asking for information or help on a variety of topics. Letters and telegrams sent to Haley by citizens in his district give a sense of the\nviews of the general public concerning the issues of the era. Haley's views are expressed in his replies. The materials are arranged alphabetically by issue and date. This arrangement closely corresponds to how they were filed in the subject's office. Please note that even though the files are arranged by issue, some correspondence might also be located in \"catch-all\" categories such as \"Haley Bills: Master File: 83rd Congress: 1953-1954,\"\n\"Correspondence: 19XX,\" to use but two examples. ","The Congressman James A. Haley Papers are owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by\nthe copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Please inquire if you have questions -\narchives@flsouthern.edu. ","Constituent Correspondence files are restricted from publication until 2052","The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections","Haley, James A., Congressman ","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS1040","/repositories/2/resources/17"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1948-1977"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Congressman James A. Haley Collection, 1948-1977"],"collection_title_tesim":["Congressman James A. Haley Collection, 1948-1977"],"collection_ssim":["Congressman James A. Haley Collection, 1948-1977"],"repository_ssm":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections"],"repository_ssim":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Washington D.C."],"geogname_ssim":["Washington D.C."],"creator_ssm":["Haley, James A., Congressman "],"creator_ssim":["Haley, James A., Congressman "],"creator_persname_ssim":["Haley, James A., Congressman "],"creators_ssim":["Haley, James A., Congressman "],"places_ssim":["Washington D.C."],"access_terms_ssm":["The Congressman James A. Haley Papers are owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by\nthe copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Please inquire if you have questions -\narchives@flsouthern.edu. ","Constituent Correspondence files are restricted from publication until 2052"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Florida--Politics","Lakeland and Polk County Politics","United States. Congress","House of Representatives--Florida--State Legislature","Circus--management","Correspondence","Clippings","Speeches"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Florida--Politics","Lakeland and Polk County Politics","United States. Congress","House of Representatives--Florida--State Legislature","Circus--management","Correspondence","Clippings","Speeches"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["150 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["150 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Clippings","Speeches"],"date_range_isim":[1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to\nunprocessed born digital materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to\nunprocessed born digital materials."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this collection were maintained by the subject's staff by issue and date. With some modifications allowing for clarity, they have been arranged in a similar fashion. However, you will find that individual issues may appear under multiple subject headings. For example, \"Watergate\" may\nappear under its own heading as well as under \"Richard Nixon\" or \"Nixon Administration.\" Please note that even though the files are arranged by issue, some correspondence might also be located in \"catch-all\" categories such as \"Haley Bills: Master File: 83rd Congress: 1953-1954,\"\n\"Correspondence: 19XX,\" to use but two examples.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJames A. Haley, as chairman of the House Interior Committee during the 1970s, was instrumental in the creation of Big Cypress National Preserve. Franklin Adams lobbied for the establishment of the Big Cypress National Preserve along with many other environmental issues. The Franklin Adams Papers are housed at Florida International University. The Franklin Adams Collection, SPC9000, at Florida International University, Miami. \u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The materials in this collection were maintained by the subject's staff by issue and date. With some modifications allowing for clarity, they have been arranged in a similar fashion. However, you will find that individual issues may appear under multiple subject headings. For example, \"Watergate\" may\nappear under its own heading as well as under \"Richard Nixon\" or \"Nixon Administration.\" Please note that even though the files are arranged by issue, some correspondence might also be located in \"catch-all\" categories such as \"Haley Bills: Master File: 83rd Congress: 1953-1954,\"\n\"Correspondence: 19XX,\" to use but two examples.","James A. Haley, as chairman of the House Interior Committee during the 1970s, was instrumental in the creation of Big Cypress National Preserve. Franklin Adams lobbied for the establishment of the Big Cypress National Preserve along with many other environmental issues. The Franklin Adams Papers are housed at Florida International University. The Franklin Adams Collection, SPC9000, at Florida International University, Miami. "],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames Andrew Haley (January 4, 1899 \u0026#x2013; August 6, 1981) was a U.S. Representative from Florida. Born in Jacksonville, Alabama, Haley attended the public schools and the University of Alabama. He served in the U.S. Army during World War I, and saw combat in France. He was an accountant in Sarasota, Florida, from 1920 to 1933 and served as general manager of the John Ringling estate from 1933 to 1943.\nOn December 4, 1942, Haley married Aubrey Ringling (n\u0026#xE9;e Aubrey Barlow Black), the widow of Richard T. Ringling who had died in 1931. Richard Ringling was the son of one of the original Ringling brothers. From 1943 to 1945, he was the first vice president of Ringling Circus and president and\ndirector of Ringling Brothers, Barnum \u0026amp; Bailey. In 1944, a fire broke out at a Ringling Circus show in Hartford, Connecticut that killed 169 persons. As a result of the fire he and five other circus officials pleaded no contest to charges of involuntary manslaughter and were sentenced to prison. He served\neight months and in 1945 was returned to Florida, where he received a pardon from Governor Millard F. Caldwell. Upon his release from prison, Haley again served as president and director for the Ringling Bros. and Barnum and Bailey Circus of Sarasota from 1946 to 1948. He engaged in newspaper publishing and\nlater in general printing business. He served as chairman of the Democratic Executive Committee of Sarasota County 1935\u0026#x2013;1952. He was elected and served as member of the Florida House of Representatives from 1949 to 1952. He was a delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1952, 1956, and 1960.\nHaley was elected as a Democrat to the Eighty-third and to the eleven succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1953 \u0026#x2013; January 3, 1977). He was a member of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, the Hospital Subcommittee of the Veterans Affair Committee, and the Indian Affairs Subcommittee. He served as chairman of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs (Ninety-third\nand Ninety-fourth Congresses). Haley was not a candidate for reelection to the Ninety-fifth Congress in 1976.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHaley died in Sarasota on August 6, 1981 and was interred in Boca Raton Cemetery in Boca Raton,FL. The James A. Haley Veterans Hospital located in Tampa is named for him. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources: U.S. House of Representatives Official Biography and Haley Papers biographical data, 2018\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["James Andrew Haley (January 4, 1899 – August 6, 1981) was a U.S. Representative from Florida. Born in Jacksonville, Alabama, Haley attended the public schools and the University of Alabama. He served in the U.S. Army during World War I, and saw combat in France. He was an accountant in Sarasota, Florida, from 1920 to 1933 and served as general manager of the John Ringling estate from 1933 to 1943.\nOn December 4, 1942, Haley married Aubrey Ringling (née Aubrey Barlow Black), the widow of Richard T. Ringling who had died in 1931. Richard Ringling was the son of one of the original Ringling brothers. From 1943 to 1945, he was the first vice president of Ringling Circus and president and\ndirector of Ringling Brothers, Barnum \u0026 Bailey. In 1944, a fire broke out at a Ringling Circus show in Hartford, Connecticut that killed 169 persons. As a result of the fire he and five other circus officials pleaded no contest to charges of involuntary manslaughter and were sentenced to prison. He served\neight months and in 1945 was returned to Florida, where he received a pardon from Governor Millard F. Caldwell. Upon his release from prison, Haley again served as president and director for the Ringling Bros. and Barnum and Bailey Circus of Sarasota from 1946 to 1948. He engaged in newspaper publishing and\nlater in general printing business. He served as chairman of the Democratic Executive Committee of Sarasota County 1935–1952. He was elected and served as member of the Florida House of Representatives from 1949 to 1952. He was a delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1952, 1956, and 1960.\nHaley was elected as a Democrat to the Eighty-third and to the eleven succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1953 – January 3, 1977). He was a member of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, the Hospital Subcommittee of the Veterans Affair Committee, and the Indian Affairs Subcommittee. He served as chairman of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs (Ninety-third\nand Ninety-fourth Congresses). Haley was not a candidate for reelection to the Ninety-fifth Congress in 1976.","Haley died in Sarasota on August 6, 1981 and was interred in Boca Raton Cemetery in Boca Raton,FL. The James A. Haley Veterans Hospital located in Tampa is named for him. ","Sources: U.S. House of Representatives Official Biography and Haley Papers biographical data, 2018"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe James A. Haley Papers consist of his personal and political papers. Correspondence, clippings, newsletters, photographs, congressional reports, and awards from various civic and political organizations give insight into Haley's public interests. Photographs of his wife, the Circus and political\naffiliates uncover the many facets of Haley's life. A limited amount of biographical information, including news articles about his death, reflect on how this public figure kept his private life private. Of note is the\nseries about the Hartford Circus fire. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Papers are arranged in five collections: Personal, Hartford Circus Fire, Political, Florida House of Representatives, and U.S. Congressional.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Personal papers, arranged alphabetically by format, consists of calendars, correspondence, newsletters, photographs, awards and other ephemera giving a broad look into Haley's life in and out of office. A limited amount of biographical information, including news articles about his death, is included.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHaley Papers\nCorrespondence, newsletters, and awards from various civic and political organizations show the range of Haley's public interests while the invitations he accepted give a sense of the social life of a congressman in the 1950s-1970s. Congratulatory messages may give insight into who he counted\namong his political allies. The correspondence in this series, 1940-1981, the bulk of which are letters from Haley's time in the U.S. House of Representative (1953-1976) is of a general nature and may not be of a specific topic, but often must still be viewed as official. Since Haley was a public figure, the materials in this series should be viewed in the context that public figures kept their private life private.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe ephemera is mostly three-dimensional objects from Haley's office. The photographs within this series are also generally of an official nature. They are arranged by subject. Of particular note are the\nphotographs of Haley with several U.S. Presidents. Please see a digital exhibit at\nhttp://www.flsouthern.edu/library/mckay-archives/digital-exhibits/haley-presidents.aspx.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Hartford Circus Fire collection encompasses documentation of the burning of a tent at the Ringling Bros. and Barnum \u0026amp; Baily Circus in Hartford, Connecticut on July 6, 1944, the loss of 150 lives, and the resulting trial. As first vice president of the Company, James A. Haley took responsibility, was found\nguilty of manslaughter, and served time in a federal prison. The documentation is comprised of, but not limited to, correspondence, news clippings, financial documents and court records. Correspondence takes the form of letters and telegrams with topics between Haley and staff and Haley and lawyers about what happened in the fire and with the trial. There are also letters to Haley while he is in jail, mostly regarding his personal health and welfare. There are extensive newspaper clippings about the fire and the trial. Corporate information includes circus routes, minutes and by-laws. The financial documents are extensive and record the financial standing of the circus, while Court Records consist of trial scripts, pleas, and scripts from the parole hearing. Anyone searching for general understanding of the events of the fire should look at the newspapers, and then the letters and telegrams.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Political Papers collection concerns Haley's campaigns and party work. As a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, Haley was up for reelection every two years. The Campaign Files sub-series contains correspondence, government records, news articles, and other documents related to the subject's political campaigns between 1952 and 1974. Of special interest are the endorsements which how where and from whom he received his political support from.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Democratic Party sub-collection reflects the subject's involvement with his political party. He served as a delegate to several Democratic National Conventions over the course of his career. He also took an interest in other political races throughout Florida and the nation. This series contains correspondence and newspaper articles concerning elections not specific to the subject, as well as general party information for candidates and booklets produced for the conventions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Florida House of Representatives collection encompass Haley's career as the State Representative for Sarasota County in the Florida House of Representatives. Haley held this office from 1948-1952. The materials are arranged in as logical order as possible. There was no discernable order prior to processing as the materials had been housed and rehoused several times since they were donated to the college. Of special note are the materials related to the Haley Committee Investigating Crime, which investigated political corruption and organized crime in the state. The collection also includes materials concerning state issues of the day, as well as issues specific to Sarasota County. Additionally, there are reference materials used by the subject in the performance of his duties. The Haley Committee on Investigating Crime sub-series contains transcripts of hearings, proceedings,\ncorrespondence, and news articles related to this committee, while the Issues sub-series is arranged Haley Papers\nalphabetically and contains correspondence, legislation, news articles, and reference material related to the respective issue. The Reference sub-series contain Florida House and Senate Bill Summaries, Legislative calendars, House and Senate Journals, and roll call votes. And, the Sarasota District subseries contain correspondence, reference materials, and news articles related specifically to that district.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. Congressional Papers, the largest collection, comprise the political aspects of Haley's US congressional career. The materials are arranged in alphabetical order created by his office. Haley held a seat representing the southwest coast and heartland of Florida from 1953-1977. The materials in this\nseries contain correspondence, articles, government documents, and photographs; they cover nearly every major issue to confront the United States during the 1950s through the 1970s. Of special note is the constituent correspondence, which are letters from citizens to Haley asking for information or help on a variety of topics. Letters and telegrams sent to Haley by citizens in his district give a sense of the\nviews of the general public concerning the issues of the era. Haley's views are expressed in his replies. The materials are arranged alphabetically by issue and date. This arrangement closely corresponds to how they were filed in the subject's office. Please note that even though the files are arranged by issue, some correspondence might also be located in \"catch-all\" categories such as \"Haley Bills: Master File: 83rd Congress: 1953-1954,\"\n\"Correspondence: 19XX,\" to use but two examples. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The James A. Haley Papers consist of his personal and political papers. Correspondence, clippings, newsletters, photographs, congressional reports, and awards from various civic and political organizations give insight into Haley's public interests. Photographs of his wife, the Circus and political\naffiliates uncover the many facets of Haley's life. A limited amount of biographical information, including news articles about his death, reflect on how this public figure kept his private life private. Of note is the\nseries about the Hartford Circus fire. ","The Papers are arranged in five collections: Personal, Hartford Circus Fire, Political, Florida House of Representatives, and U.S. Congressional.","The Personal papers, arranged alphabetically by format, consists of calendars, correspondence, newsletters, photographs, awards and other ephemera giving a broad look into Haley's life in and out of office. A limited amount of biographical information, including news articles about his death, is included.","Haley Papers\nCorrespondence, newsletters, and awards from various civic and political organizations show the range of Haley's public interests while the invitations he accepted give a sense of the social life of a congressman in the 1950s-1970s. Congratulatory messages may give insight into who he counted\namong his political allies. The correspondence in this series, 1940-1981, the bulk of which are letters from Haley's time in the U.S. House of Representative (1953-1976) is of a general nature and may not be of a specific topic, but often must still be viewed as official. Since Haley was a public figure, the materials in this series should be viewed in the context that public figures kept their private life private.","The ephemera is mostly three-dimensional objects from Haley's office. The photographs within this series are also generally of an official nature. They are arranged by subject. Of particular note are the\nphotographs of Haley with several U.S. Presidents. Please see a digital exhibit at\nhttp://www.flsouthern.edu/library/mckay-archives/digital-exhibits/haley-presidents.aspx.","The Hartford Circus Fire collection encompasses documentation of the burning of a tent at the Ringling Bros. and Barnum \u0026 Baily Circus in Hartford, Connecticut on July 6, 1944, the loss of 150 lives, and the resulting trial. As first vice president of the Company, James A. Haley took responsibility, was found\nguilty of manslaughter, and served time in a federal prison. The documentation is comprised of, but not limited to, correspondence, news clippings, financial documents and court records. Correspondence takes the form of letters and telegrams with topics between Haley and staff and Haley and lawyers about what happened in the fire and with the trial. There are also letters to Haley while he is in jail, mostly regarding his personal health and welfare. There are extensive newspaper clippings about the fire and the trial. Corporate information includes circus routes, minutes and by-laws. The financial documents are extensive and record the financial standing of the circus, while Court Records consist of trial scripts, pleas, and scripts from the parole hearing. Anyone searching for general understanding of the events of the fire should look at the newspapers, and then the letters and telegrams.","The Political Papers collection concerns Haley's campaigns and party work. As a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, Haley was up for reelection every two years. The Campaign Files sub-series contains correspondence, government records, news articles, and other documents related to the subject's political campaigns between 1952 and 1974. Of special interest are the endorsements which how where and from whom he received his political support from.","The Democratic Party sub-collection reflects the subject's involvement with his political party. He served as a delegate to several Democratic National Conventions over the course of his career. He also took an interest in other political races throughout Florida and the nation. This series contains correspondence and newspaper articles concerning elections not specific to the subject, as well as general party information for candidates and booklets produced for the conventions.","The Florida House of Representatives collection encompass Haley's career as the State Representative for Sarasota County in the Florida House of Representatives. Haley held this office from 1948-1952. The materials are arranged in as logical order as possible. There was no discernable order prior to processing as the materials had been housed and rehoused several times since they were donated to the college. Of special note are the materials related to the Haley Committee Investigating Crime, which investigated political corruption and organized crime in the state. The collection also includes materials concerning state issues of the day, as well as issues specific to Sarasota County. Additionally, there are reference materials used by the subject in the performance of his duties. The Haley Committee on Investigating Crime sub-series contains transcripts of hearings, proceedings,\ncorrespondence, and news articles related to this committee, while the Issues sub-series is arranged Haley Papers\nalphabetically and contains correspondence, legislation, news articles, and reference material related to the respective issue. The Reference sub-series contain Florida House and Senate Bill Summaries, Legislative calendars, House and Senate Journals, and roll call votes. And, the Sarasota District subseries contain correspondence, reference materials, and news articles related specifically to that district.","The U.S. Congressional Papers, the largest collection, comprise the political aspects of Haley's US congressional career. The materials are arranged in alphabetical order created by his office. Haley held a seat representing the southwest coast and heartland of Florida from 1953-1977. The materials in this\nseries contain correspondence, articles, government documents, and photographs; they cover nearly every major issue to confront the United States during the 1950s through the 1970s. Of special note is the constituent correspondence, which are letters from citizens to Haley asking for information or help on a variety of topics. Letters and telegrams sent to Haley by citizens in his district give a sense of the\nviews of the general public concerning the issues of the era. Haley's views are expressed in his replies. The materials are arranged alphabetically by issue and date. This arrangement closely corresponds to how they were filed in the subject's office. Please note that even though the files are arranged by issue, some correspondence might also be located in \"catch-all\" categories such as \"Haley Bills: Master File: 83rd Congress: 1953-1954,\"\n\"Correspondence: 19XX,\" to use but two examples. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Congressman James A. Haley Papers are owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by\nthe copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Please inquire if you have questions -\narchives@flsouthern.edu. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eConstituent Correspondence files are restricted from publication until 2052\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Congressman James A. Haley Papers are owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by\nthe copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Please inquire if you have questions -\narchives@flsouthern.edu. ","Constituent Correspondence files are restricted from publication until 2052"],"names_ssim":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections","Haley, James A., Congressman "],"corpname_ssim":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Haley, James A., Congressman "],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":4376,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1875924461057736704,"_root_":"731b674a396f199a6d388d63","timestamp":"2026-09-10T06:16:17.977Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/731b674a396f199a6d388d63"}},{"id":"4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86_aspace_f7d01368fa07b12490e52166db6d8fdd","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Congress of CPS, 1940-1981","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86_aspace_f7d01368fa07b12490e52166db6d8fdd#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eDocuments and records covering the meetings of the congress of the CPS\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86_aspace_f7d01368fa07b12490e52166db6d8fdd#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_f7d01368fa07b12490e52166db6d8fdd","ref_ssm":["aspace_f7d01368fa07b12490e52166db6d8fdd","aspace_f7d01368fa07b12490e52166db6d8fdd"],"id":"4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86_aspace_f7d01368fa07b12490e52166db6d8fdd","title_filing_ssi":"Congress of CPS","title_ssm":["Congress of CPS"],"title_tesim":["Congress of CPS"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1940-1981"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1940-1981"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Congress of CPS, 1940-1981"],"text":["Congress of CPS, 1940-1981","Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection, 1871 - 2006","Research, bulk 1871-2006","/repositories/2/archival_objects/77937","box 34","folder 3","Documents and records covering the meetings of the congress of the CPS"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86","4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86_aspace_ff3bc41a85011bea5a51cdad9b65b38a"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection, 1871 - 2006","Research, bulk 1871-2006"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection, 1871 - 2006","Research, bulk 1871-2006"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/2/archival_objects/77937"],"repository_ssim":["Florida Atlantic University Libraries"],"collection_ssim":["Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection, 1871 - 2006"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":348,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collections are available for supervised use in the Special Collections reading room during regular hours or by appointment. Users are required to complete a registration form and to comply with regulations governing use. Research assistance may be available but please email or phone first to set up an appointment.","Photocopies or electronic copies of material in the collections may be provided within copyright limits but may not be ready immediately. In addition, selected materials are digitized and available electronically through the Digital Library. See less"],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Materials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. Any subsequent use of a reproduction in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement. When using electronic copies or images, please keep in mind that copyright law applies. It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder. Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact Special Collections. See less See less"],"date_range_isim":[1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981],"containers_ssim":["box 34","folder 3"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDocuments and records covering the meetings of the congress of the CPS\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Documents and records covering the meetings of the congress of the CPS"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#346","_nest_parent_":"4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86_aspace_ff3bc41a85011bea5a51cdad9b65b38a","_root_":"4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86","timestamp":"2026-07-11T02:01:13.886Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86","title_ssm":["Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection"],"title_tesim":["Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection"],"ead_ssi":"4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86","unitdate_ssm":["1871 - 2006"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1871 - 2006"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["UAFP0012","/repositories/2/resources/203"],"text":["UAFP0012","/repositories/2/resources/203","Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection, 1871 - 2006","United States","World War, 1939-1945","University Archives","University Archives -- Faculty Papers"," Civilian Public Service -- History","World War, 1939-1945 -- Conscientious objectors -- United States","Oral history","Collections are available for supervised use in the Special Collections reading room during regular hours or by appointment. Users are required to complete a registration form and to comply with regulations governing use. Research assistance may be available but please email or phone first to set up an appointment.","Photocopies or electronic copies of material in the collections may be provided within copyright limits but may not be ready immediately. In addition, selected materials are digitized and available electronically through the Digital Library. See less","The Frazer-O'Sullivan Collection contains the research for the co- authored book, We Have Just Begun to Not Fight: An Oral History of Conscientious Objectors in the Civilian Public Service During World War II, by Heather Frazer and John O'Sullivan. More than 40,000 American men refused to fight during World War II. Citing principled opposition, they declared themselves conscientious objectors. Rejecting combat duty, nearly 12,000 men entered Civilian Public Service (CPS) with the intent to perform \"work of national importance\" as an alternative to combat duty. The CPS program was set up by members of the historic peace churches (Mennonites, Brethren, and Quakers) and participated in by pacifists from other churches, of no specific religious persuasion, and, in the case of a few, no persuasion except not to fight in that particular war. CPS men worked as aides in mental hospitals, volunteered as smoke jumpers in forest fires, and participated in grueling medical and scientific experiments.  Frazer and O'Sullivan use the oral histories of 15 CPS men and two of their wives to illuminate their experience during World War II. ","Heather T. Frazer (1940 – 2016) was a professor of history at Florida Atlantic University. In 1971, she became the first female faculty member in the FAU history department where she taught for 35 years before retiring in 2006. During her tenure, she served as Department Chair and Director of Graduate Studies. She also pioneered the study of women's history at FAU, helping establish the Women's Studies program, which is now the Center for Women, Gender and Sexuality Studies. Dr. Frazer taught courses in women's history, modern Britain and British Empire, Indian history, and oral history.","John O'Sullivan (1939-2000) was a professor of history at Florida Atlantic University. In 1971, he came to Florida Atlantic University where he served as chair of the History Department (1975-1978) and devoted his entire academic career. Dr. O'Sullivan received numerous research fellowships including the American Philosophical Society, the American Historical Association, and the Sloan Foundation. His areas of specialization were World War II, Vietnam War, Nuclear Age, the Holocaust, Peace History, Oral History and Modern American Political and Diplomatic Affairs.","Materials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. Any subsequent use of a reproduction in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement. When using electronic copies or images, please keep in mind that copyright law applies. It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder. Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact Special Collections. See less See less","Florida Atlantic University Libraries","English"],"unitid_tesim":["UAFP0012","/repositories/2/resources/203"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1871 - 2006"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection, 1871 - 2006"],"collection_title_tesim":["Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection, 1871 - 2006"],"collection_ssim":["Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection, 1871 - 2006"],"repository_ssm":["Florida Atlantic University Libraries"],"repository_ssim":["Florida Atlantic University Libraries"],"geogname_ssm":["United States"],"geogname_ssim":["United States"],"places_ssim":["United States"],"access_terms_ssm":["Materials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. Any subsequent use of a reproduction in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement. When using electronic copies or images, please keep in mind that copyright law applies. It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder. Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact Special Collections. See less See less"],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1939-1945","University Archives","University Archives -- Faculty Papers"," Civilian Public Service -- History","World War, 1939-1945 -- Conscientious objectors -- United States","Oral history"],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1939-1945","University Archives","University Archives -- Faculty Papers"," Civilian Public Service -- History","World War, 1939-1945 -- Conscientious objectors -- United States","Oral history"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["67 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["67 boxes"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollections are available for supervised use in the Special Collections reading room during regular hours or by appointment. Users are required to complete a registration form and to comply with regulations governing use. Research assistance may be available but please email or phone first to set up an appointment.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePhotocopies or electronic copies of material in the collections may be provided within copyright limits but may not be ready immediately. In addition, selected materials are digitized and available electronically through the Digital Library. See less\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collections are available for supervised use in the Special Collections reading room during regular hours or by appointment. Users are required to complete a registration form and to comply with regulations governing use. Research assistance may be available but please email or phone first to set up an appointment.","Photocopies or electronic copies of material in the collections may be provided within copyright limits but may not be ready immediately. In addition, selected materials are digitized and available electronically through the Digital Library. See less"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Frazer-O'Sullivan Collection contains the research for the co- authored book, We Have Just Begun to Not Fight: An Oral History of Conscientious Objectors in the Civilian Public Service During World War II, by Heather Frazer and John O'Sullivan. More than 40,000 American men refused to fight during World War II. Citing principled opposition, they declared themselves conscientious objectors. Rejecting combat duty, nearly 12,000 men entered Civilian Public Service (CPS) with the intent to perform \"work of national importance\" as an alternative to combat duty. The CPS program was set up by members of the historic peace churches (Mennonites, Brethren, and Quakers) and participated in by pacifists from other churches, of no specific religious persuasion, and, in the case of a few, no persuasion except not to fight in that particular war. CPS men worked as aides in mental hospitals, volunteered as smoke jumpers in forest fires, and participated in grueling medical and scientific experiments.  Frazer and O'Sullivan use the oral histories of 15 CPS men and two of their wives to illuminate their experience during World War II. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHeather T. Frazer (1940 \u0026#x2013; 2016) was a professor of history at Florida Atlantic University. In 1971, she became the first female faculty member in the FAU history department where she taught for 35 years before retiring in 2006. During her tenure, she served as Department Chair and Director of Graduate Studies. She also pioneered the study of women's history at FAU, helping establish the Women's Studies program, which is now the Center for Women, Gender and Sexuality Studies. Dr. Frazer taught courses in women's history, modern Britain and British Empire, Indian history, and oral history.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJohn O'Sullivan (1939-2000) was a professor of history at Florida Atlantic University. In 1971, he came to Florida Atlantic University where he served as chair of the History Department (1975-1978) and devoted his entire academic career. Dr. O'Sullivan received numerous research fellowships including the American Philosophical Society, the American Historical Association, and the Sloan Foundation. His areas of specialization were World War II, Vietnam War, Nuclear Age, the Holocaust, Peace History, Oral History and Modern American Political and Diplomatic Affairs.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Frazer-O'Sullivan Collection contains the research for the co- authored book, We Have Just Begun to Not Fight: An Oral History of Conscientious Objectors in the Civilian Public Service During World War II, by Heather Frazer and John O'Sullivan. More than 40,000 American men refused to fight during World War II. Citing principled opposition, they declared themselves conscientious objectors. Rejecting combat duty, nearly 12,000 men entered Civilian Public Service (CPS) with the intent to perform \"work of national importance\" as an alternative to combat duty. The CPS program was set up by members of the historic peace churches (Mennonites, Brethren, and Quakers) and participated in by pacifists from other churches, of no specific religious persuasion, and, in the case of a few, no persuasion except not to fight in that particular war. CPS men worked as aides in mental hospitals, volunteered as smoke jumpers in forest fires, and participated in grueling medical and scientific experiments.  Frazer and O'Sullivan use the oral histories of 15 CPS men and two of their wives to illuminate their experience during World War II. ","Heather T. Frazer (1940 – 2016) was a professor of history at Florida Atlantic University. In 1971, she became the first female faculty member in the FAU history department where she taught for 35 years before retiring in 2006. During her tenure, she served as Department Chair and Director of Graduate Studies. She also pioneered the study of women's history at FAU, helping establish the Women's Studies program, which is now the Center for Women, Gender and Sexuality Studies. Dr. Frazer taught courses in women's history, modern Britain and British Empire, Indian history, and oral history.","John O'Sullivan (1939-2000) was a professor of history at Florida Atlantic University. In 1971, he came to Florida Atlantic University where he served as chair of the History Department (1975-1978) and devoted his entire academic career. Dr. O'Sullivan received numerous research fellowships including the American Philosophical Society, the American Historical Association, and the Sloan Foundation. His areas of specialization were World War II, Vietnam War, Nuclear Age, the Holocaust, Peace History, Oral History and Modern American Political and Diplomatic Affairs."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. Any subsequent use of a reproduction in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement. When using electronic copies or images, please keep in mind that copyright law applies. It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder. Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact Special Collections. See less See less\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. Any subsequent use of a reproduction in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement. When using electronic copies or images, please keep in mind that copyright law applies. It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder. Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact Special Collections. See less See less"],"names_ssim":["Florida Atlantic University Libraries"],"corpname_ssim":["Florida Atlantic University Libraries"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":808,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86","timestamp":"2026-07-11T02:01:13.886Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86_aspace_f7d01368fa07b12490e52166db6d8fdd"}},{"id":"5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62_aspace_67a69bf2c2bb8a9b3179cc8846c9bacc","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Conlkin, Harold C (Part 1), 1955-1968","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62_aspace_67a69bf2c2bb8a9b3179cc8846c9bacc#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_67a69bf2c2bb8a9b3179cc8846c9bacc","ref_ssm":["aspace_67a69bf2c2bb8a9b3179cc8846c9bacc","aspace_67a69bf2c2bb8a9b3179cc8846c9bacc"],"id":"5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62_aspace_67a69bf2c2bb8a9b3179cc8846c9bacc","title_filing_ssi":"Conlkin, Harold C (Part 1)","title_ssm":["Conlkin, Harold C (Part 1)"],"title_tesim":["Conlkin, Harold C (Part 1)"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1955-1968"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1955-1968"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Conlkin, Harold C (Part 1), 1955-1968"],"text":["Conlkin, Harold C (Part 1), 1955-1968","Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006","Writings by others","/repositories/2/archival_objects/29166","box 49","folder 22"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62","5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62_aspace_60421e776c845bf7cd0dc7e916c56d99"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006","Writings by others"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006","Writings by others"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/2/archival_objects/29166"],"repository_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":1149,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The Niara Sudarkasa Collection is open for research."],"date_range_isim":[1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968],"containers_ssim":["box 49","folder 22"],"_nest_path_":"/components#4/components#298","_nest_parent_":"5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62_aspace_60421e776c845bf7cd0dc7e916c56d99","_root_":"5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62","timestamp":"2026-04-21T02:08:51.248Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62","title_filing_ssi":"Sudarkasa, Niara Collection","title_ssm":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection"],"title_tesim":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection"],"ead_ssi":"5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62","unitdate_ssm":["1934-2006"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1934-2006"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["AARLCC.2006.4","/repositories/2/resources/51"],"text":["AARLCC.2006.4","/repositories/2/resources/51","Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006","Bahamian Americans","Correspondence","Photographs","plaques (flat objects)","Periodicals","The Niara Sudarkasa Collection is open for research.","View a selection of digitized materials from the Niara Sudarkasa Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives.","Niara Sudarkasa, born Gloria Albertha Marshall to a Bahamian immigrant family on August 14, 1938, in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, demonstrated exceptional academic promise from an early age. She graduated from Dillard High School at just 14 years old and, at 15, entered Fisk University on a Ford Foundation scholarship to study English. Her intellectual journey deepened at Oberlin College, where exposure to courses on the African diaspora inspired her to change her major to Sociology-Anthropology, earning her bachelor's degree in 1957.","Gloria enrolled at Columbia University in New York, where she pursued graduate studies in Anthropology. She earned both her Master's (1959) and Ph.D. degrees in (1964), becoming the first African American woman to teach at Columbia University. Following the completion of her doctorate, Dr. Sudarkasa was appointed assistant professor of anthropology at New York University (1970-1976), again marking a historic first for an African American woman. ","Gloria Albertha Marshall adopted the name Niara Sudarkasa to reflect her evolving identity as a cultural bridge between African Americans and continental Africans. Her name change marked a deepening commitment to diasporic connection and cultural reclamation.\nAt the University of Michigan, Dr. Sudarkasa continued to break barriers, becoming the first African American faculty member in the Department of Anthropology. From 1978 to 1981, she served as Associate Director of the Center for Afro-American and African Studies, advancing scholarship and institutional support for African diaspora research.","In 1986, she became the first female president of Lincoln University in Pennsylvania, a role she held until 1998. Her scholarship increasingly centered on the lives of women in West Africa and the enduring strength of the Black family. Her work in Nigeria earned her recognition from the royal court: in 2001, His Royal Majesty Aláyélúwà Ọba Ọkúnadé Sijuwade Olúbùsẹ II of the Royal Court of Ifẹ́ conferred upon her the chieftaincy title Yèyé Olókun Ìgbàdérò. She was the first African American to receive this honor from the Ifẹ́ Kingdom.","Following her retirement from higher education, Dr. Sudarkasa returned to her hometown of Fort Lauderdale, Florida, where she became the first scholar-in-residence at the newly opened African American Research Library and Cultural Center in 2002.\nDr. Sudarkasa was married to John L. Clark and was the mother of Michael Sudarkasa. She passed away on May 31, 2019, at the age of 80, leaving behind a legacy of scholarship, leadership, and cultural stewardship.","The Niara Sudarkasa Collection received container level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection. ","Parts of the collection have received file level processing. From January 2022 to May 2024, FIU interns, Emmanuel George, and Dominique St. Victor processed \"Series I. Correspondence\" and \"Series III. Professional Papers, Sub-series 1. Writings by Niara Sudarkasa and Sub-series 2. Writings by Others\" as part of the WPHL-FIU Community Data Curation grant.","The Niara Sudarkasa Collection documents the career of anthropologist, Africanist, professor, and university president Dr. Niara Sudarkasa. The collection contains correspondence, scholarly writings, publications, research files, audio visual materials, awards, and business papers dating from 1934 to 2006. The collection also includes Dr. Sudarka's personal library of more than 2,500 books, journals, and pamphlets. The collection highlights Dr. Sudarkasa's professional achievements including becoming the first woman president of Lincoln University in Pennsylvania and first Black faculty member of the Anthropology Department at the University of Michigan. Her papers are a unique resource on Yoruba language and culture, ethnic groups in higher education, and the Black Power Movement in the United States. They also document her work to strengthen international programs at Lincoln and the University of Michigan.","Books from this collection were cataloged in the Broward County Library catalog with the prefix \"SUD\".","AARLCC Special Collections","University of Michigan. Department of Anthropology","Lincoln University (Pa.)","Sudarkasa, Niara","English"],"unitid_tesim":["AARLCC.2006.4","/repositories/2/resources/51"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1934-2006"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006"],"collection_title_tesim":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006"],"collection_ssim":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006"],"repository_ssm":["AARLCC Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections"],"creator_ssm":["Sudarkasa, Niara"],"creator_ssim":["Sudarkasa, Niara"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Sudarkasa, Niara"],"creators_ssim":["Sudarkasa, Niara"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Dr. Niara Sudarkasa donated the materials to the AARLCC Special Collections on October 17, 2006 (Accession AARLCC-2006.4)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Bahamian Americans","Correspondence","Photographs","plaques (flat objects)","Periodicals"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Bahamian Americans","Correspondence","Photographs","plaques (flat objects)","Periodicals"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["400 Hollinger Boxes","410 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["400 Hollinger Boxes","410 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Photographs","plaques (flat objects)","Periodicals"],"date_range_isim":[1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Niara Sudarkasa Collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The Niara Sudarkasa Collection is open for research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://digitalarchives.broward.org/digital/collection/nsb\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eView a selection of digitized materials from the Niara Sudarkasa Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Digitized Materials"],"altformavail_tesim":["View a selection of digitized materials from the Niara Sudarkasa Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNiara Sudarkasa, born Gloria Albertha Marshall to a Bahamian immigrant family on August 14, 1938, in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, demonstrated exceptional academic promise from an early age. She graduated from Dillard High School at just 14 years old and, at 15, entered Fisk University on a Ford Foundation scholarship to study English. Her intellectual journey deepened at Oberlin College, where exposure to courses on the African diaspora inspired her to change her major to Sociology-Anthropology, earning her bachelor's degree in 1957.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGloria enrolled at Columbia University in New York, where she pursued graduate studies in Anthropology. She earned both her Master's (1959) and Ph.D. degrees in (1964), becoming the first African American woman to teach at Columbia University. Following the completion of her doctorate, Dr. Sudarkasa was appointed assistant professor of anthropology at New York University (1970-1976), again marking a historic first for an African American woman. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGloria Albertha Marshall adopted the name Niara Sudarkasa to reflect her evolving identity as a cultural bridge between African Americans and continental Africans. Her name change marked a deepening commitment to diasporic connection and cultural reclamation.\nAt the University of Michigan, Dr. Sudarkasa continued to break barriers, becoming the first African American faculty member in the Department of Anthropology. From 1978 to 1981, she served as Associate Director of the Center for Afro-American and African Studies, advancing scholarship and institutional support for African diaspora research.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1986, she became the first female president of Lincoln University in Pennsylvania, a role she held until 1998. Her scholarship increasingly centered on the lives of women in West Africa and the enduring strength of the Black family. Her work in Nigeria earned her recognition from the royal court: in 2001, His Royal Majesty Al\u0026#xE1;y\u0026#xE9;l\u0026#xFA;w\u0026#xE0; \u0026#x1ECC;ba \u0026#x1ECC;k\u0026#xFA;nad\u0026#xE9; Sijuwade Ol\u0026#xFA;b\u0026#xF9;s\u0026#x1EB9; II of the Royal Court of If\u0026#x1EB9;\u0026#x301; conferred upon her the chieftaincy title Y\u0026#xE8;y\u0026#xE9; Ol\u0026#xF3;kun \u0026#xCC;gb\u0026#xE0;d\u0026#xE9;r\u0026#xF2;. She was the first African American to receive this honor from the If\u0026#x1EB9;\u0026#x301; Kingdom.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFollowing her retirement from higher education, Dr. Sudarkasa returned to her hometown of Fort Lauderdale, Florida, where she became the first scholar-in-residence at the newly opened African American Research Library and Cultural Center in 2002.\nDr. Sudarkasa was married to John L. Clark and was the mother of Michael Sudarkasa. She passed away on May 31, 2019, at the age of 80, leaving behind a legacy of scholarship, leadership, and cultural stewardship.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Niara Sudarkasa, born Gloria Albertha Marshall to a Bahamian immigrant family on August 14, 1938, in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, demonstrated exceptional academic promise from an early age. She graduated from Dillard High School at just 14 years old and, at 15, entered Fisk University on a Ford Foundation scholarship to study English. Her intellectual journey deepened at Oberlin College, where exposure to courses on the African diaspora inspired her to change her major to Sociology-Anthropology, earning her bachelor's degree in 1957.","Gloria enrolled at Columbia University in New York, where she pursued graduate studies in Anthropology. She earned both her Master's (1959) and Ph.D. degrees in (1964), becoming the first African American woman to teach at Columbia University. Following the completion of her doctorate, Dr. Sudarkasa was appointed assistant professor of anthropology at New York University (1970-1976), again marking a historic first for an African American woman. ","Gloria Albertha Marshall adopted the name Niara Sudarkasa to reflect her evolving identity as a cultural bridge between African Americans and continental Africans. Her name change marked a deepening commitment to diasporic connection and cultural reclamation.\nAt the University of Michigan, Dr. Sudarkasa continued to break barriers, becoming the first African American faculty member in the Department of Anthropology. From 1978 to 1981, she served as Associate Director of the Center for Afro-American and African Studies, advancing scholarship and institutional support for African diaspora research.","In 1986, she became the first female president of Lincoln University in Pennsylvania, a role she held until 1998. Her scholarship increasingly centered on the lives of women in West Africa and the enduring strength of the Black family. Her work in Nigeria earned her recognition from the royal court: in 2001, His Royal Majesty Aláyélúwà Ọba Ọkúnadé Sijuwade Olúbùsẹ II of the Royal Court of Ifẹ́ conferred upon her the chieftaincy title Yèyé Olókun Ìgbàdérò. She was the first African American to receive this honor from the Ifẹ́ Kingdom.","Following her retirement from higher education, Dr. Sudarkasa returned to her hometown of Fort Lauderdale, Florida, where she became the first scholar-in-residence at the newly opened African American Research Library and Cultural Center in 2002.\nDr. Sudarkasa was married to John L. Clark and was the mother of Michael Sudarkasa. She passed away on May 31, 2019, at the age of 80, leaving behind a legacy of scholarship, leadership, and cultural stewardship."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNiara Sudarkasa Collection, African American Research Library and Cultural Center Special Collections, Broward County Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection, African American Research Library and Cultural Center Special Collections, Broward County Library."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Niara Sudarkasa Collection received container level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParts of the collection have received file level processing. From January 2022 to May 2024, FIU interns, Emmanuel George, and Dominique St. Victor processed \"Series I. Correspondence\" and \"Series III. Professional Papers, Sub-series 1. Writings by Niara Sudarkasa and Sub-series 2. Writings by Others\" as part of the WPHL-FIU Community Data Curation grant.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The Niara Sudarkasa Collection received container level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection. ","Parts of the collection have received file level processing. From January 2022 to May 2024, FIU interns, Emmanuel George, and Dominique St. Victor processed \"Series I. Correspondence\" and \"Series III. Professional Papers, Sub-series 1. Writings by Niara Sudarkasa and Sub-series 2. Writings by Others\" as part of the WPHL-FIU Community Data Curation grant."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Niara Sudarkasa Collection documents the career of anthropologist, Africanist, professor, and university president Dr. Niara Sudarkasa. The collection contains correspondence, scholarly writings, publications, research files, audio visual materials, awards, and business papers dating from 1934 to 2006. The collection also includes Dr. Sudarka's personal library of more than 2,500 books, journals, and pamphlets. The collection highlights Dr. Sudarkasa's professional achievements including becoming the first woman president of Lincoln University in Pennsylvania and first Black faculty member of the Anthropology Department at the University of Michigan. Her papers are a unique resource on Yoruba language and culture, ethnic groups in higher education, and the Black Power Movement in the United States. They also document her work to strengthen international programs at Lincoln and the University of Michigan.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Niara Sudarkasa Collection documents the career of anthropologist, Africanist, professor, and university president Dr. Niara Sudarkasa. The collection contains correspondence, scholarly writings, publications, research files, audio visual materials, awards, and business papers dating from 1934 to 2006. The collection also includes Dr. Sudarka's personal library of more than 2,500 books, journals, and pamphlets. The collection highlights Dr. Sudarkasa's professional achievements including becoming the first woman president of Lincoln University in Pennsylvania and first Black faculty member of the Anthropology Department at the University of Michigan. Her papers are a unique resource on Yoruba language and culture, ethnic groups in higher education, and the Black Power Movement in the United States. They also document her work to strengthen international programs at Lincoln and the University of Michigan."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://broward.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/results?qu=SUD\u0026amp;qf=LOCATION%09Shelf+Location%091%3AAF-SPC%09AARLCC+Special+Collections\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBooks from this collection were cataloged in the Broward County Library catalog with the prefix \"SUD\".\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Access the Books"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Books from this collection were cataloged in the Broward County Library catalog with the prefix \"SUD\"."],"names_coll_ssim":["University of Michigan. Department of Anthropology","Lincoln University (Pa.)"],"names_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections","University of Michigan. Department of Anthropology","Lincoln University (Pa.)","Sudarkasa, Niara"],"corpname_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections","University of Michigan. 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She graduated from Dillard High School at just 14 years old and, at 15, entered Fisk University on a Ford Foundation scholarship to study English. Her intellectual journey deepened at Oberlin College, where exposure to courses on the African diaspora inspired her to change her major to Sociology-Anthropology, earning her bachelor's degree in 1957.","Gloria enrolled at Columbia University in New York, where she pursued graduate studies in Anthropology. She earned both her Master's (1959) and Ph.D. degrees in (1964), becoming the first African American woman to teach at Columbia University. Following the completion of her doctorate, Dr. Sudarkasa was appointed assistant professor of anthropology at New York University (1970-1976), again marking a historic first for an African American woman. ","Gloria Albertha Marshall adopted the name Niara Sudarkasa to reflect her evolving identity as a cultural bridge between African Americans and continental Africans. Her name change marked a deepening commitment to diasporic connection and cultural reclamation.\nAt the University of Michigan, Dr. Sudarkasa continued to break barriers, becoming the first African American faculty member in the Department of Anthropology. From 1978 to 1981, she served as Associate Director of the Center for Afro-American and African Studies, advancing scholarship and institutional support for African diaspora research.","In 1986, she became the first female president of Lincoln University in Pennsylvania, a role she held until 1998. Her scholarship increasingly centered on the lives of women in West Africa and the enduring strength of the Black family. Her work in Nigeria earned her recognition from the royal court: in 2001, His Royal Majesty Aláyélúwà Ọba Ọkúnadé Sijuwade Olúbùsẹ II of the Royal Court of Ifẹ́ conferred upon her the chieftaincy title Yèyé Olókun Ìgbàdérò. She was the first African American to receive this honor from the Ifẹ́ Kingdom.","Following her retirement from higher education, Dr. Sudarkasa returned to her hometown of Fort Lauderdale, Florida, where she became the first scholar-in-residence at the newly opened African American Research Library and Cultural Center in 2002.\nDr. Sudarkasa was married to John L. Clark and was the mother of Michael Sudarkasa. She passed away on May 31, 2019, at the age of 80, leaving behind a legacy of scholarship, leadership, and cultural stewardship.","The Niara Sudarkasa Collection received container level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection. ","Parts of the collection have received file level processing. From January 2022 to May 2024, FIU interns, Emmanuel George, and Dominique St. Victor processed \"Series I. Correspondence\" and \"Series III. Professional Papers, Sub-series 1. Writings by Niara Sudarkasa and Sub-series 2. Writings by Others\" as part of the WPHL-FIU Community Data Curation grant.","The Niara Sudarkasa Collection documents the career of anthropologist, Africanist, professor, and university president Dr. Niara Sudarkasa. The collection contains correspondence, scholarly writings, publications, research files, audio visual materials, awards, and business papers dating from 1934 to 2006. The collection also includes Dr. Sudarka's personal library of more than 2,500 books, journals, and pamphlets. The collection highlights Dr. Sudarkasa's professional achievements including becoming the first woman president of Lincoln University in Pennsylvania and first Black faculty member of the Anthropology Department at the University of Michigan. Her papers are a unique resource on Yoruba language and culture, ethnic groups in higher education, and the Black Power Movement in the United States. They also document her work to strengthen international programs at Lincoln and the University of Michigan.","Books from this collection were cataloged in the Broward County Library catalog with the prefix \"SUD\".","AARLCC Special Collections","University of Michigan. Department of Anthropology","Lincoln University (Pa.)","Sudarkasa, Niara","English"],"unitid_tesim":["AARLCC.2006.4","/repositories/2/resources/51"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1934-2006"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006"],"collection_title_tesim":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006"],"collection_ssim":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006"],"repository_ssm":["AARLCC Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections"],"creator_ssm":["Sudarkasa, Niara"],"creator_ssim":["Sudarkasa, Niara"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Sudarkasa, Niara"],"creators_ssim":["Sudarkasa, Niara"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Dr. Niara Sudarkasa donated the materials to the AARLCC Special Collections on October 17, 2006 (Accession AARLCC-2006.4)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Bahamian Americans","Correspondence","Photographs","plaques (flat objects)","Periodicals"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Bahamian Americans","Correspondence","Photographs","plaques (flat objects)","Periodicals"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["400 Hollinger Boxes","410 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["400 Hollinger Boxes","410 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Photographs","plaques (flat objects)","Periodicals"],"date_range_isim":[1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Niara Sudarkasa Collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The Niara Sudarkasa Collection is open for research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://digitalarchives.broward.org/digital/collection/nsb\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eView a selection of digitized materials from the Niara Sudarkasa Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Digitized Materials"],"altformavail_tesim":["View a selection of digitized materials from the Niara Sudarkasa Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNiara Sudarkasa, born Gloria Albertha Marshall to a Bahamian immigrant family on August 14, 1938, in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, demonstrated exceptional academic promise from an early age. She graduated from Dillard High School at just 14 years old and, at 15, entered Fisk University on a Ford Foundation scholarship to study English. Her intellectual journey deepened at Oberlin College, where exposure to courses on the African diaspora inspired her to change her major to Sociology-Anthropology, earning her bachelor's degree in 1957.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGloria enrolled at Columbia University in New York, where she pursued graduate studies in Anthropology. She earned both her Master's (1959) and Ph.D. degrees in (1964), becoming the first African American woman to teach at Columbia University. Following the completion of her doctorate, Dr. Sudarkasa was appointed assistant professor of anthropology at New York University (1970-1976), again marking a historic first for an African American woman. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGloria Albertha Marshall adopted the name Niara Sudarkasa to reflect her evolving identity as a cultural bridge between African Americans and continental Africans. Her name change marked a deepening commitment to diasporic connection and cultural reclamation.\nAt the University of Michigan, Dr. Sudarkasa continued to break barriers, becoming the first African American faculty member in the Department of Anthropology. From 1978 to 1981, she served as Associate Director of the Center for Afro-American and African Studies, advancing scholarship and institutional support for African diaspora research.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1986, she became the first female president of Lincoln University in Pennsylvania, a role she held until 1998. Her scholarship increasingly centered on the lives of women in West Africa and the enduring strength of the Black family. Her work in Nigeria earned her recognition from the royal court: in 2001, His Royal Majesty Al\u0026#xE1;y\u0026#xE9;l\u0026#xFA;w\u0026#xE0; \u0026#x1ECC;ba \u0026#x1ECC;k\u0026#xFA;nad\u0026#xE9; Sijuwade Ol\u0026#xFA;b\u0026#xF9;s\u0026#x1EB9; II of the Royal Court of If\u0026#x1EB9;\u0026#x301; conferred upon her the chieftaincy title Y\u0026#xE8;y\u0026#xE9; Ol\u0026#xF3;kun \u0026#xCC;gb\u0026#xE0;d\u0026#xE9;r\u0026#xF2;. She was the first African American to receive this honor from the If\u0026#x1EB9;\u0026#x301; Kingdom.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFollowing her retirement from higher education, Dr. Sudarkasa returned to her hometown of Fort Lauderdale, Florida, where she became the first scholar-in-residence at the newly opened African American Research Library and Cultural Center in 2002.\nDr. Sudarkasa was married to John L. Clark and was the mother of Michael Sudarkasa. She passed away on May 31, 2019, at the age of 80, leaving behind a legacy of scholarship, leadership, and cultural stewardship.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Niara Sudarkasa, born Gloria Albertha Marshall to a Bahamian immigrant family on August 14, 1938, in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, demonstrated exceptional academic promise from an early age. She graduated from Dillard High School at just 14 years old and, at 15, entered Fisk University on a Ford Foundation scholarship to study English. Her intellectual journey deepened at Oberlin College, where exposure to courses on the African diaspora inspired her to change her major to Sociology-Anthropology, earning her bachelor's degree in 1957.","Gloria enrolled at Columbia University in New York, where she pursued graduate studies in Anthropology. She earned both her Master's (1959) and Ph.D. degrees in (1964), becoming the first African American woman to teach at Columbia University. Following the completion of her doctorate, Dr. Sudarkasa was appointed assistant professor of anthropology at New York University (1970-1976), again marking a historic first for an African American woman. ","Gloria Albertha Marshall adopted the name Niara Sudarkasa to reflect her evolving identity as a cultural bridge between African Americans and continental Africans. Her name change marked a deepening commitment to diasporic connection and cultural reclamation.\nAt the University of Michigan, Dr. Sudarkasa continued to break barriers, becoming the first African American faculty member in the Department of Anthropology. From 1978 to 1981, she served as Associate Director of the Center for Afro-American and African Studies, advancing scholarship and institutional support for African diaspora research.","In 1986, she became the first female president of Lincoln University in Pennsylvania, a role she held until 1998. Her scholarship increasingly centered on the lives of women in West Africa and the enduring strength of the Black family. Her work in Nigeria earned her recognition from the royal court: in 2001, His Royal Majesty Aláyélúwà Ọba Ọkúnadé Sijuwade Olúbùsẹ II of the Royal Court of Ifẹ́ conferred upon her the chieftaincy title Yèyé Olókun Ìgbàdérò. She was the first African American to receive this honor from the Ifẹ́ Kingdom.","Following her retirement from higher education, Dr. Sudarkasa returned to her hometown of Fort Lauderdale, Florida, where she became the first scholar-in-residence at the newly opened African American Research Library and Cultural Center in 2002.\nDr. Sudarkasa was married to John L. Clark and was the mother of Michael Sudarkasa. She passed away on May 31, 2019, at the age of 80, leaving behind a legacy of scholarship, leadership, and cultural stewardship."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNiara Sudarkasa Collection, African American Research Library and Cultural Center Special Collections, Broward County Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection, African American Research Library and Cultural Center Special Collections, Broward County Library."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Niara Sudarkasa Collection received container level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParts of the collection have received file level processing. From January 2022 to May 2024, FIU interns, Emmanuel George, and Dominique St. Victor processed \"Series I. Correspondence\" and \"Series III. Professional Papers, Sub-series 1. Writings by Niara Sudarkasa and Sub-series 2. Writings by Others\" as part of the WPHL-FIU Community Data Curation grant.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The Niara Sudarkasa Collection received container level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection. ","Parts of the collection have received file level processing. From January 2022 to May 2024, FIU interns, Emmanuel George, and Dominique St. Victor processed \"Series I. Correspondence\" and \"Series III. Professional Papers, Sub-series 1. Writings by Niara Sudarkasa and Sub-series 2. Writings by Others\" as part of the WPHL-FIU Community Data Curation grant."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Niara Sudarkasa Collection documents the career of anthropologist, Africanist, professor, and university president Dr. Niara Sudarkasa. The collection contains correspondence, scholarly writings, publications, research files, audio visual materials, awards, and business papers dating from 1934 to 2006. The collection also includes Dr. Sudarka's personal library of more than 2,500 books, journals, and pamphlets. The collection highlights Dr. Sudarkasa's professional achievements including becoming the first woman president of Lincoln University in Pennsylvania and first Black faculty member of the Anthropology Department at the University of Michigan. Her papers are a unique resource on Yoruba language and culture, ethnic groups in higher education, and the Black Power Movement in the United States. They also document her work to strengthen international programs at Lincoln and the University of Michigan.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Niara Sudarkasa Collection documents the career of anthropologist, Africanist, professor, and university president Dr. Niara Sudarkasa. The collection contains correspondence, scholarly writings, publications, research files, audio visual materials, awards, and business papers dating from 1934 to 2006. The collection also includes Dr. Sudarka's personal library of more than 2,500 books, journals, and pamphlets. The collection highlights Dr. Sudarkasa's professional achievements including becoming the first woman president of Lincoln University in Pennsylvania and first Black faculty member of the Anthropology Department at the University of Michigan. Her papers are a unique resource on Yoruba language and culture, ethnic groups in higher education, and the Black Power Movement in the United States. They also document her work to strengthen international programs at Lincoln and the University of Michigan."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://broward.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/results?qu=SUD\u0026amp;qf=LOCATION%09Shelf+Location%091%3AAF-SPC%09AARLCC+Special+Collections\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBooks from this collection were cataloged in the Broward County Library catalog with the prefix \"SUD\".\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Access the Books"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Books from this collection were cataloged in the Broward County Library catalog with the prefix \"SUD\"."],"names_coll_ssim":["University of Michigan. Department of Anthropology","Lincoln University (Pa.)"],"names_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections","University of Michigan. Department of Anthropology","Lincoln University (Pa.)","Sudarkasa, Niara"],"corpname_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections","University of Michigan. 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Users are required to complete a registration form and to comply with regulations governing use. Research assistance may be available but please email or phone first to set up an appointment.","Photocopies or electronic copies of material in the collections may be provided within copyright limits but may not be ready immediately. In addition, selected materials are digitized and available electronically through the Digital Library. See less"],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Materials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. Any subsequent use of a reproduction in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement. When using electronic copies or images, please keep in mind that copyright law applies. It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder. Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact Special Collections. See less See less"],"date_range_isim":[1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968],"containers_ssim":["box 4","folder 1"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFive articles relating to conscientious objectors\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Five articles relating to conscientious objectors"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#48","_nest_parent_":"4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86_aspace_ff3bc41a85011bea5a51cdad9b65b38a","_root_":"4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86","timestamp":"2026-07-11T02:01:13.886Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86","title_ssm":["Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection"],"title_tesim":["Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection"],"ead_ssi":"4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86","unitdate_ssm":["1871 - 2006"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1871 - 2006"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["UAFP0012","/repositories/2/resources/203"],"text":["UAFP0012","/repositories/2/resources/203","Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection, 1871 - 2006","United States","World War, 1939-1945","University Archives","University Archives -- Faculty Papers"," Civilian Public Service -- History","World War, 1939-1945 -- Conscientious objectors -- United States","Oral history","Collections are available for supervised use in the Special Collections reading room during regular hours or by appointment. Users are required to complete a registration form and to comply with regulations governing use. Research assistance may be available but please email or phone first to set up an appointment.","Photocopies or electronic copies of material in the collections may be provided within copyright limits but may not be ready immediately. In addition, selected materials are digitized and available electronically through the Digital Library. See less","The Frazer-O'Sullivan Collection contains the research for the co- authored book, We Have Just Begun to Not Fight: An Oral History of Conscientious Objectors in the Civilian Public Service During World War II, by Heather Frazer and John O'Sullivan. More than 40,000 American men refused to fight during World War II. Citing principled opposition, they declared themselves conscientious objectors. Rejecting combat duty, nearly 12,000 men entered Civilian Public Service (CPS) with the intent to perform \"work of national importance\" as an alternative to combat duty. The CPS program was set up by members of the historic peace churches (Mennonites, Brethren, and Quakers) and participated in by pacifists from other churches, of no specific religious persuasion, and, in the case of a few, no persuasion except not to fight in that particular war. CPS men worked as aides in mental hospitals, volunteered as smoke jumpers in forest fires, and participated in grueling medical and scientific experiments.  Frazer and O'Sullivan use the oral histories of 15 CPS men and two of their wives to illuminate their experience during World War II. ","Heather T. Frazer (1940 – 2016) was a professor of history at Florida Atlantic University. In 1971, she became the first female faculty member in the FAU history department where she taught for 35 years before retiring in 2006. 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Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact Special Collections. 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