{"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1960\u0026page=373","prev":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1960\u0026page=372","next":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1960\u0026page=374","last":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1960\u0026page=427"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":373,"next_page":374,"prev_page":372,"total_pages":427,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":3720,"total_count":4266,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"8a73df5bac3fcd9650e65378_aspace_fbe9d01f5271d0eb95fc0cac8202c582","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Spain Postcards, 1960-1999","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/8a73df5bac3fcd9650e65378_aspace_fbe9d01f5271d0eb95fc0cac8202c582#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains a report cover and binder with postcards collected by members of the Hasterlik-Hine family. The report cover and binder are both titled \"Spain\" (Item 5597).\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/8a73df5bac3fcd9650e65378_aspace_fbe9d01f5271d0eb95fc0cac8202c582#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_fbe9d01f5271d0eb95fc0cac8202c582","ref_ssm":["aspace_fbe9d01f5271d0eb95fc0cac8202c582","aspace_fbe9d01f5271d0eb95fc0cac8202c582"],"id":"8a73df5bac3fcd9650e65378_aspace_fbe9d01f5271d0eb95fc0cac8202c582","title_filing_ssi":"Spain Postcards","title_ssm":["Spain Postcards"],"title_tesim":["Spain Postcards"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1960-1999"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1960-1999"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Spain Postcards, 1960-1999"],"text":["Spain Postcards, 1960-1999","Hasterlik-Hine collection, 1700-2000, Date accessioned: 2019-12-04","001","/repositories/10/archival_objects/180861","98.0729 Box 11","folder 001","This folder contains a report cover and binder with postcards collected by members of the Hasterlik-Hine family. The report cover and binder are both titled \"Spain\" (Item 5597)."],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ids_ssim":["8a73df5bac3fcd9650e65378"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Hasterlik-Hine collection, 1700-2000, Date accessioned: 2019-12-04"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Hasterlik-Hine collection, 1700-2000, Date accessioned: 2019-12-04"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"unitid_ssm":["001","/repositories/10/archival_objects/180861"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Hasterlik-Hine collection, 1700-2000, Date accessioned: 2019-12-04"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":123,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open to all researchers."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher. rates."],"date_range_isim":[1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999],"containers_ssim":["98.0729 Box 11","folder 001"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains a report cover and binder with postcards collected by members of the Hasterlik-Hine family. The report cover and binder are both titled \"Spain\" (Item 5597).\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This folder contains a report cover and binder with postcards collected by members of the Hasterlik-Hine family. The report cover and binder are both titled \"Spain\" (Item 5597)."],"_nest_path_":"/components#122","_nest_parent_":"8a73df5bac3fcd9650e65378","_root_":"8a73df5bac3fcd9650e65378","timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:46:35.829Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"8a73df5bac3fcd9650e65378","title_filing_ssi":"Hasterlik-Hine collection","title_ssm":["Hasterlik-Hine collection"],"title_tesim":["Hasterlik-Hine collection"],"ead_ssi":"8a73df5bac3fcd9650e65378","unitdate_ssm":["1700-2000","Date accessioned: 2019-12-04"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1700-2000"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date accessioned: 2019-12-04"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["98.0729","/repositories/10/resources/110"],"text":["98.0729","/repositories/10/resources/110","Hasterlik-Hine collection, 1700-2000, Date accessioned: 2019-12-04","World War, 1939-1945","Jewish refugees--Germany--History--20th century","World War, 1939-1945--Austria","World War, 1939-1945--England","World War, 1939-1945--Switzerland","World War, 1939-1945--United States","World War, 1939-1945--Africa","World War, 1939-1945--Japan","World War, 1939-1945--Children","World War, 1939-1945--Censorship","World War, 1939-1945--Social aspects--United States","United States--Race relations--History--20th century","Protestantism--20th century","Emigration and immigration","United States--Emigration and immigration--History--20th century","Formulas, recipes, etc.","New York World's Fair (1939-1940 : New York, N.Y.)","Burgtheater (Vienna, Austria)","Get-well cards","Children's drawings","Save the Children International Union","Poliomyelitis","Catholicism","Women--Employment--Switzerland","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Western Front","Nuns","Obstetrics","Child rearing in literature","Women--Employment--United States--History--20th century","Rationing","Diphtheria","V-J Day, 1945","Atomic bomb--History--20th century","Naturalization--United States","V-E Day, 1945","Theresienstadt (Concentration camp)","Switzerland--Social life and customs","Austria--History--Allied occupation, 1945-1955","United States--Social life and customs--1945-1970","Concentration Camps","World War, 1939-1945--Underground movements--Greece","Gurs (Concentration camp)","Education--Austria","Europe--Social conditions--20th century","United States--Social conditions--20th century","Africa--Race relations","Nuremberg War Crime Trials, Nuremberg, Germany, 1946-1949","Antisemitism","Infatuation","Kinderhilfswerk","Jews--Austria--Vienna--History","Scarcity","Gynecology","Personal correspondence","Postcards.","This collection is open to all researchers.","Giulia M. Kortischoner (married Hine) was born in Vienna, Austria on September 30, 1925 and passed away on June 16, 2015 in Boulder, Colorado.  \nOnly thirteen years old when World War II began, Giulia Koritschoner came of age in a time of uncertainty and chaos. Despite the context in which Giulia grew up, however, the letters of the Hasterlik-Hine collection demonstrate the fact that, for those on the home front, daily life often continued on as normal. Indeed, Giulia's correspondence throughout 1942 regularly includes cheerful greeting cards for holidays that are decorated with personalized drawings and beautiful calligraphy. These letters were sent from not only family members but also a vast array of friends and acquaintances that Giulia made throughout the war years. Giulia's letters to and from schoolmates portray scenes of growing up that remained largely unchanged even in times of war. This is particularly evident in Giulia's letters to and from Margaret Wolf, a friend from Schaffhausen who evolved from sending letters complaining about disliked teachers and unbearably boring school lessons to letters that explained her fears about graduating from school and having to enter the workforce. Giulia's own letters mirror this development, as she wrote to her family contemplating a variety of jobs, from a lab technician to a stenographer to a masseuse. Even in the midst of the war, the possibilities for the future seemed endless. \nYet, elements of the war do seep into many of the letters. Discussions of rationing figure prominently in much of Giulia's correspondence, as Ällägg Bechtold, a school friend from Schaffhausen, described how school was let out early in the spring because of a shortage of coal to keep students warm. Margaret Wolf complained that bakeries purposely sold old bread because it was thought that individuals would consume it more slowly than fresh bread. Even the letter that Giulia's school principal sent to her was written not on regular paper but rather on postcards that students were encouraged to fill with holiday greetings and send to soldiers in order to boost their morale. Many of Giulia's letters to and from her family during this time contain anxiety about Giulia's grandfather, Paul Hasterlik, who remained behind in Vienna while the rest of the family escaped. Although attempts were made to organize his passage to the United States, these efforts ultimately proved unsuccessful, and the letters reflect concerns about everything from whether Paul was able to find food to whether he was, in fact, actively being \"tormented.\" Although letters from Paul contained joy about Giulia's recovery from polio and excitement about her prospects for the future, he remained vague in descriptions of his own life, only briefly mentioning that he was forced to move to another apartment in Vienna. \nOther members of Giulia's family struggled during this time as well. Mia Hasterlik's letters outline her difficulties finding suitable employment in New York while living in unpleasant conditions. Perhaps most dramatically, Susi Weiss, Giulia's older sister who moved to Nairobi at the beginning of the war, describes the emotional and physical abuse to which her husband subjected her to and her overwhelming happiness at finally being free of him. This vast array of voices and subject matter reflected in the Hasterlik-Hine collection depict a strange intersection between war and daily life that occurred for those living on the home front during World War II. Ultimately, the collection offers an invaluable glimpse of what it means to come of age in a time of war, highlighting the fears, delights, and amusements that punctuated daily life. \nAs World War II came to an end in 1945, individuals across the globe celebrated the cessation of one of the deadliest conflicts in human history. Yet, for many people, the end of the war did not necessarily mean a return to normal life. The letters of the Hasterlik-Hine Collection provide a nuanced first-hand account of the tumultuous period following the end of the war, chronicling the story of a family that had to cope with not only the loss of family members and friends but also, perhaps most significantly, the loss of a homeland. Letters from Mia Hasterlik to her daughter, Giulia Koritschoner, highlight the joy with which the end of the war was received in the United States, expressing disbelief at the fact that \"this nightmare is really past, that it's over,\" and expressing excitement at a future that was \"spreading more beautiful in front of our eyes.\" Mia described the jubilation with which VE Day (Victory in Europe) and VJ Day (Victory over Japan) were celebrated in New York, where \"all the people [were] happy and drunk and all the soldiers and sailors [were] out of their minds. All the girls got kissed, everybody had lipstick on their faces, thousands of tons of paper, which people had thrown out their windows.\"Underlying the joy of these letters, however, was a lingering sense of sadness and loss. Mia lamented the \"heavy, irreplaceable loss\" of her father, Paul Hasterlik, who died at Theresienstadt in 1944. While Giulia expressed nostalgia for the Vienna that she was forced to flee from at the beginning of the war, Mia instead stated, \"I have no yearning whatsoever for Vienna, could never return. Because of… all the crimes which they carried out with their 'Golden Viennese Hearts.'\" Much of the correspondence during this time also highlights the desperate search for missing family members and friends that took place after the war. Mia, in particular, made frantic attempts to find Boni, an old family friend who had stayed behind in Vienna with Paul, and Ellen Christansen, a childhood friend of Giulia's who was also forced to remain in Vienna. \nExcitement over Giulia Koritschoner's upcoming trip to the United States characterizes many of the post-war letters, as does joy about reconnecting with the family friends that the Hasterlik-Hine family had lost contact with during the war. However, the final portion of the collection contains numerous insights, offering a view into the difficulties that accompanied post-war life in Austria. Supplies were so scarce that \"people had to fetch water in buckets an hour away on foot after having stood in line for an hour\" and had to \"take long walks in the woods to find small pieces of wood to have a little bit of heat.\" Yet, perceptions of the former Axis powers varied dramatically. Mia felt pity for those living in these countries, expressing sadness that individuals were \"starving\" in Vienna while those in the United States were \"suffocating in superabundance.\" Others, however, only expressed contempt for the former Axis powers, even stating that they did not see the point of sending rations and supplies to \"enemies who should starve to death.\"The one consensus among all parties seemed to be the dramatic nature of the occupation of Austria by Allied forces after the war, which was so severe that it seemed as if \"all the nations have sent their soldiers to Vienna.\" However, even in Vienna, life would, eventually, return to normal. \nIn a letter from March of 1946, Boni celebrated the future of Vienna, writing, \"Surely the people will tell you… about Vienna. About ruins and hunger, about cold rooms and deserted streets, about demoralization and despair. All that is also true here. But alongside that are also attractive things. People who want to live well, who certainly feel themselves to be unfortunate, but who are interested in the tragedies and little jokes of the greater evolution of things…\" Reflecting the tenacity, resilience, and hope for the future that characterizes the Hasterlik-Hine collection, Boni's letter exemplifies the sentiments upon which many of the survivors of World War II ultimately constructed their futures. Giulia's letters to childhood friends such as Ellen Christansen and Lisl Urbantschitsch transformed from letters filled with cartoons that complained about teachers to letters that reflected exciting plans for the future. While Giulia discussed her upcoming trip to the United States, Lisl shared her plans to emigrate to California and live with her father. Developing an increased sense of independence throughout the post-war years, Lisl would employ her artistic talent in order to secure a lucrative job making puppets. By 1947, Lisl was living in Paris and enjoying her independence. Giulia's life was, ultimately, one of joy and success as well. On April 21, 1946, she sailed from Paris, France to New York City, finally reuniting with her mother, Mia Hasterlik, from whom she had been separated for eight years. By 1948, Giulia had married Gerald Hine and was pregnant with their first child. Giulia would return to Vienna for a few years with her husband before living out the rest of her life in the United States. She passed away on June 16, 2015, at the age of 90.","Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022.","https://repository.lib.fsu.edu/islandora/object/fsu:wwiihasterlikhinecoll","The Hasterlik-Hine collection consists personal correspondence between Giulia Kortischoner (married name Hine) and her family and friends. The personal correspondence consists of letters, postcards, get-well-soon cards, greeting cards, and a small number of travel documents. The collection contains discussions about the Holocaust, life as a Jewish refugee, and the progress of the war and life afterwards.","All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher. rates.","FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Christansen","Hine, Giulia, 1925-2015","Hasterlik, Paul","English German"],"unitid_tesim":["98.0729","/repositories/10/resources/110"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1700-2000, Date accessioned: 2019-12-04"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Hasterlik-Hine collection, 1700-2000, Date accessioned: 2019-12-04"],"collection_title_tesim":["Hasterlik-Hine collection, 1700-2000, Date accessioned: 2019-12-04"],"collection_ssim":["Hasterlik-Hine collection, 1700-2000, Date accessioned: 2019-12-04"],"repository_ssm":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Hine, Giulia, 1925-2015","Christansen","Hasterlik, Paul"],"creator_ssim":["Hine, Giulia, 1925-2015","Christansen","Hasterlik, Paul"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Hine, Giulia, 1925-2015","Hasterlik, Paul"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Christansen"],"creators_ssim":["Hine, Giulia, 1925-2015","Hasterlik, Paul","Christansen"],"access_terms_ssm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. 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collection is open to all researchers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to all researchers."],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Giulia M. Kortischoner (married Hine) was born in Vienna, Austria on September 30, 1925 and passed away on June 16, 2015 in Boulder, Colorado.  \nOnly thirteen years old when World War II began, Giulia Koritschoner came of age in a time of uncertainty and chaos. Despite the context in which Giulia grew up, however, the letters of the Hasterlik-Hine collection demonstrate the fact that, for those on the home front, daily life often continued on as normal. Indeed, Giulia's correspondence throughout 1942 regularly includes cheerful greeting cards for holidays that are decorated with personalized drawings and beautiful calligraphy. These letters were sent from not only family members but also a vast array of friends and acquaintances that Giulia made throughout the war years. Giulia's letters to and from schoolmates portray scenes of growing up that remained largely unchanged even in times of war. This is particularly evident in Giulia's letters to and from Margaret Wolf, a friend from Schaffhausen who evolved from sending letters complaining about disliked teachers and unbearably boring school lessons to letters that explained her fears about graduating from school and having to enter the workforce. Giulia's own letters mirror this development, as she wrote to her family contemplating a variety of jobs, from a lab technician to a stenographer to a masseuse. Even in the midst of the war, the possibilities for the future seemed endless. \nYet, elements of the war do seep into many of the letters. Discussions of rationing figure prominently in much of Giulia's correspondence, as Ällägg Bechtold, a school friend from Schaffhausen, described how school was let out early in the spring because of a shortage of coal to keep students warm. Margaret Wolf complained that bakeries purposely sold old bread because it was thought that individuals would consume it more slowly than fresh bread. Even the letter that Giulia's school principal sent to her was written not on regular paper but rather on postcards that students were encouraged to fill with holiday greetings and send to soldiers in order to boost their morale. Many of Giulia's letters to and from her family during this time contain anxiety about Giulia's grandfather, Paul Hasterlik, who remained behind in Vienna while the rest of the family escaped. Although attempts were made to organize his passage to the United States, these efforts ultimately proved unsuccessful, and the letters reflect concerns about everything from whether Paul was able to find food to whether he was, in fact, actively being \"tormented.\" Although letters from Paul contained joy about Giulia's recovery from polio and excitement about her prospects for the future, he remained vague in descriptions of his own life, only briefly mentioning that he was forced to move to another apartment in Vienna. \nOther members of Giulia's family struggled during this time as well. Mia Hasterlik's letters outline her difficulties finding suitable employment in New York while living in unpleasant conditions. Perhaps most dramatically, Susi Weiss, Giulia's older sister who moved to Nairobi at the beginning of the war, describes the emotional and physical abuse to which her husband subjected her to and her overwhelming happiness at finally being free of him. This vast array of voices and subject matter reflected in the Hasterlik-Hine collection depict a strange intersection between war and daily life that occurred for those living on the home front during World War II. Ultimately, the collection offers an invaluable glimpse of what it means to come of age in a time of war, highlighting the fears, delights, and amusements that punctuated daily life. \nAs World War II came to an end in 1945, individuals across the globe celebrated the cessation of one of the deadliest conflicts in human history. Yet, for many people, the end of the war did not necessarily mean a return to normal life. The letters of the Hasterlik-Hine Collection provide a nuanced first-hand account of the tumultuous period following the end of the war, chronicling the story of a family that had to cope with not only the loss of family members and friends but also, perhaps most significantly, the loss of a homeland. Letters from Mia Hasterlik to her daughter, Giulia Koritschoner, highlight the joy with which the end of the war was received in the United States, expressing disbelief at the fact that \"this nightmare is really past, that it's over,\" and expressing excitement at a future that was \"spreading more beautiful in front of our eyes.\" Mia described the jubilation with which VE Day (Victory in Europe) and VJ Day (Victory over Japan) were celebrated in New York, where \"all the people [were] happy and drunk and all the soldiers and sailors [were] out of their minds. All the girls got kissed, everybody had lipstick on their faces, thousands of tons of paper, which people had thrown out their windows.\"Underlying the joy of these letters, however, was a lingering sense of sadness and loss. Mia lamented the \"heavy, irreplaceable loss\" of her father, Paul Hasterlik, who died at Theresienstadt in 1944. While Giulia expressed nostalgia for the Vienna that she was forced to flee from at the beginning of the war, Mia instead stated, \"I have no yearning whatsoever for Vienna, could never return. Because of… all the crimes which they carried out with their 'Golden Viennese Hearts.'\" Much of the correspondence during this time also highlights the desperate search for missing family members and friends that took place after the war. Mia, in particular, made frantic attempts to find Boni, an old family friend who had stayed behind in Vienna with Paul, and Ellen Christansen, a childhood friend of Giulia's who was also forced to remain in Vienna. \nExcitement over Giulia Koritschoner's upcoming trip to the United States characterizes many of the post-war letters, as does joy about reconnecting with the family friends that the Hasterlik-Hine family had lost contact with during the war. However, the final portion of the collection contains numerous insights, offering a view into the difficulties that accompanied post-war life in Austria. Supplies were so scarce that \"people had to fetch water in buckets an hour away on foot after having stood in line for an hour\" and had to \"take long walks in the woods to find small pieces of wood to have a little bit of heat.\" Yet, perceptions of the former Axis powers varied dramatically. Mia felt pity for those living in these countries, expressing sadness that individuals were \"starving\" in Vienna while those in the United States were \"suffocating in superabundance.\" Others, however, only expressed contempt for the former Axis powers, even stating that they did not see the point of sending rations and supplies to \"enemies who should starve to death.\"The one consensus among all parties seemed to be the dramatic nature of the occupation of Austria by Allied forces after the war, which was so severe that it seemed as if \"all the nations have sent their soldiers to Vienna.\" However, even in Vienna, life would, eventually, return to normal. \nIn a letter from March of 1946, Boni celebrated the future of Vienna, writing, \"Surely the people will tell you… about Vienna. About ruins and hunger, about cold rooms and deserted streets, about demoralization and despair. All that is also true here. But alongside that are also attractive things. People who want to live well, who certainly feel themselves to be unfortunate, but who are interested in the tragedies and little jokes of the greater evolution of things…\" Reflecting the tenacity, resilience, and hope for the future that characterizes the Hasterlik-Hine collection, Boni's letter exemplifies the sentiments upon which many of the survivors of World War II ultimately constructed their futures. Giulia's letters to childhood friends such as Ellen Christansen and Lisl Urbantschitsch transformed from letters filled with cartoons that complained about teachers to letters that reflected exciting plans for the future. While Giulia discussed her upcoming trip to the United States, Lisl shared her plans to emigrate to California and live with her father. Developing an increased sense of independence throughout the post-war years, Lisl would employ her artistic talent in order to secure a lucrative job making puppets. By 1947, Lisl was living in Paris and enjoying her independence. Giulia's life was, ultimately, one of joy and success as well. On April 21, 1946, she sailed from Paris, France to New York City, finally reuniting with her mother, Mia Hasterlik, from whom she had been separated for eight years. By 1948, Giulia had married Gerald Hine and was pregnant with their first child. Giulia would return to Vienna for a few years with her husband before living out the rest of her life in the United States. She passed away on June 16, 2015, at the age of 90."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTransferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives in July 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], Hasterlik-Hine collection, Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_98_0729\"\u003ehttp://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_98_0729\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], Hasterlik-Hine collection, Special Collections \u0026 Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida.  http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_98_0729 ."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://repository.lib.fsu.edu/islandora/object/fsu:wwiihasterlikhinecoll\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps://repository.lib.fsu.edu/islandora/object/fsu:wwiihasterlikhinecoll\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Link to selected digitized materials from this collection."],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["https://repository.lib.fsu.edu/islandora/object/fsu:wwiihasterlikhinecoll"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Hasterlik-Hine collection consists personal correspondence between Giulia Kortischoner (married name Hine) and her family and friends. The personal correspondence consists of letters, postcards, get-well-soon cards, greeting cards, and a small number of travel documents. The collection contains discussions about the Holocaust, life as a Jewish refugee, and the progress of the war and life afterwards.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Hasterlik-Hine collection consists personal correspondence between Giulia Kortischoner (married name Hine) and her family and friends. The personal correspondence consists of letters, postcards, get-well-soon cards, greeting cards, and a small number of travel documents. The collection contains discussions about the Holocaust, life as a Jewish refugee, and the progress of the war and life afterwards."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher. rates.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher. rates."],"names_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Christansen","Hine, Giulia, 1925-2015","Hasterlik, Paul"],"corpname_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["Christansen","Hasterlik, Paul"],"famname_ssim":["Christansen"],"persname_ssim":["Hine, Giulia, 1925-2015","Hasterlik, Paul"],"language_ssim":["English German"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":169,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"8a73df5bac3fcd9650e65378","timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:46:35.829Z","bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGiulia M. Kortischoner (married Hine) was born in Vienna, Austria on September 30, 1925 and passed away on June 16, 2015 in Boulder, Colorado. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\nOnly thirteen years old when World War II began, Giulia Koritschoner came of age in a time of uncertainty and chaos. Despite the context in which Giulia grew up, however, the letters of the Hasterlik-Hine collection demonstrate the fact that, for those on the home front, daily life often continued on as normal. Indeed, Giulia's correspondence throughout 1942 regularly includes cheerful greeting cards for holidays that are decorated with personalized drawings and beautiful calligraphy. These letters were sent from not only family members but also a vast array of friends and acquaintances that Giulia made throughout the war years. Giulia's letters to and from schoolmates portray scenes of growing up that remained largely unchanged even in times of war. This is particularly evident in Giulia's letters to and from Margaret Wolf, a friend from Schaffhausen who evolved from sending letters complaining about disliked teachers and unbearably boring school lessons to letters that explained her fears about graduating from school and having to enter the workforce. Giulia's own letters mirror this development, as she wrote to her family contemplating a variety of jobs, from a lab technician to a stenographer to a masseuse. Even in the midst of the war, the possibilities for the future seemed endless.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\nYet, elements of the war do seep into many of the letters. Discussions of rationing figure prominently in much of Giulia's correspondence, as \u0026#xC4;ll\u0026#xE4;gg Bechtold, a school friend from Schaffhausen, described how school was let out early in the spring because of a shortage of coal to keep students warm. Margaret Wolf complained that bakeries purposely sold old bread because it was thought that individuals would consume it more slowly than fresh bread. Even the letter that Giulia's school principal sent to her was written not on regular paper but rather on postcards that students were encouraged to fill with holiday greetings and send to soldiers in order to boost their morale. Many of Giulia's letters to and from her family during this time contain anxiety about Giulia's grandfather, Paul Hasterlik, who remained behind in Vienna while the rest of the family escaped. Although attempts were made to organize his passage to the United States, these efforts ultimately proved unsuccessful, and the letters reflect concerns about everything from whether Paul was able to find food to whether he was, in fact, actively being \"tormented.\" Although letters from Paul contained joy about Giulia's recovery from polio and excitement about her prospects for the future, he remained vague in descriptions of his own life, only briefly mentioning that he was forced to move to another apartment in Vienna.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\nOther members of Giulia's family struggled during this time as well. Mia Hasterlik's letters outline her difficulties finding suitable employment in New York while living in unpleasant conditions. Perhaps most dramatically, Susi Weiss, Giulia's older sister who moved to Nairobi at the beginning of the war, describes the emotional and physical abuse to which her husband subjected her to and her overwhelming happiness at finally being free of him. This vast array of voices and subject matter reflected in the Hasterlik-Hine collection depict a strange intersection between war and daily life that occurred for those living on the home front during World War II. Ultimately, the collection offers an invaluable glimpse of what it means to come of age in a time of war, highlighting the fears, delights, and amusements that punctuated daily life.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\nAs World War II came to an end in 1945, individuals across the globe celebrated the cessation of one of the deadliest conflicts in human history. Yet, for many people, the end of the war did not necessarily mean a return to normal life. The letters of the Hasterlik-Hine Collection provide a nuanced first-hand account of the tumultuous period following the end of the war, chronicling the story of a family that had to cope with not only the loss of family members and friends but also, perhaps most significantly, the loss of a homeland. Letters from Mia Hasterlik to her daughter, Giulia Koritschoner, highlight the joy with which the end of the war was received in the United States, expressing disbelief at the fact that \"this nightmare is really past, that it's over,\" and expressing excitement at a future that was \"spreading more beautiful in front of our eyes.\" Mia described the jubilation with which VE Day (Victory in Europe) and VJ Day (Victory over Japan) were celebrated in New York, where \"all the people [were] happy and drunk and all the soldiers and sailors [were] out of their minds. All the girls got kissed, everybody had lipstick on their faces, thousands of tons of paper, which people had thrown out their windows.\"Underlying the joy of these letters, however, was a lingering sense of sadness and loss. Mia lamented the \"heavy, irreplaceable loss\" of her father, Paul Hasterlik, who died at Theresienstadt in 1944. While Giulia expressed nostalgia for the Vienna that she was forced to flee from at the beginning of the war, Mia instead stated, \"I have no yearning whatsoever for Vienna, could never return. Because of\u0026#x2026; all the crimes which they carried out with their 'Golden Viennese Hearts.'\" Much of the correspondence during this time also highlights the desperate search for missing family members and friends that took place after the war. Mia, in particular, made frantic attempts to find Boni, an old family friend who had stayed behind in Vienna with Paul, and Ellen Christansen, a childhood friend of Giulia's who was also forced to remain in Vienna.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\nExcitement over Giulia Koritschoner's upcoming trip to the United States characterizes many of the post-war letters, as does joy about reconnecting with the family friends that the Hasterlik-Hine family had lost contact with during the war. However, the final portion of the collection contains numerous insights, offering a view into the difficulties that accompanied post-war life in Austria. Supplies were so scarce that \"people had to fetch water in buckets an hour away on foot after having stood in line for an hour\" and had to \"take long walks in the woods to find small pieces of wood to have a little bit of heat.\" Yet, perceptions of the former Axis powers varied dramatically. Mia felt pity for those living in these countries, expressing sadness that individuals were \"starving\" in Vienna while those in the United States were \"suffocating in superabundance.\" Others, however, only expressed contempt for the former Axis powers, even stating that they did not see the point of sending rations and supplies to \"enemies who should starve to death.\"The one consensus among all parties seemed to be the dramatic nature of the occupation of Austria by Allied forces after the war, which was so severe that it seemed as if \"all the nations have sent their soldiers to Vienna.\" However, even in Vienna, life would, eventually, return to normal.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\nIn a letter from March of 1946, Boni celebrated the future of Vienna, writing, \"Surely the people will tell you\u0026#x2026; about Vienna. About ruins and hunger, about cold rooms and deserted streets, about demoralization and despair. All that is also true here. But alongside that are also attractive things. People who want to live well, who certainly feel themselves to be unfortunate, but who are interested in the tragedies and little jokes of the greater evolution of things\u0026#x2026;\" Reflecting the tenacity, resilience, and hope for the future that characterizes the Hasterlik-Hine collection, Boni's letter exemplifies the sentiments upon which many of the survivors of World War II ultimately constructed their futures. Giulia's letters to childhood friends such as Ellen Christansen and Lisl Urbantschitsch transformed from letters filled with cartoons that complained about teachers to letters that reflected exciting plans for the future. While Giulia discussed her upcoming trip to the United States, Lisl shared her plans to emigrate to California and live with her father. Developing an increased sense of independence throughout the post-war years, Lisl would employ her artistic talent in order to secure a lucrative job making puppets. By 1947, Lisl was living in Paris and enjoying her independence. Giulia's life was, ultimately, one of joy and success as well. On April 21, 1946, she sailed from Paris, France to New York City, finally reuniting with her mother, Mia Hasterlik, from whom she had been separated for eight years. By 1948, Giulia had married Gerald Hine and was pregnant with their first child. Giulia would return to Vienna for a few years with her husband before living out the rest of her life in the United States. She passed away on June 16, 2015, at the age of 90.\u003c/p\u003e"]}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/8a73df5bac3fcd9650e65378_aspace_fbe9d01f5271d0eb95fc0cac8202c582"}},{"id":"bf94ada4377f2dbc813062ab_aspace_20463","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"\"Spanish Cabinet, Year 1497 in the Lightner Museum of Hobbies St. Augustine, Florida\", bulk 1940-1960","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/bf94ada4377f2dbc813062ab_aspace_20463#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eAn unmarked linen postcard depicting an ornate wooden cabinet.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or 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Picture taken by R. E. Simpson.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/bf94ada4377f2dbc813062ab_aspace_13ec8460422fcacacaa342fa4287e923#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_13ec8460422fcacacaa342fa4287e923","ref_ssm":["aspace_13ec8460422fcacacaa342fa4287e923","aspace_13ec8460422fcacacaa342fa4287e923"],"id":"bf94ada4377f2dbc813062ab_aspace_13ec8460422fcacacaa342fa4287e923","title_filing_ssi":"\"Spanish Tile Fountain, Bayfront Park, Miami, Florida -30\"","title_ssm":["\"Spanish Tile Fountain, Bayfront Park, Miami, Florida -30\""],"title_tesim":["\"Spanish Tile Fountain, Bayfront Park, Miami, Florida -30\""],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1940-1960"],"normalized_date_ssm":["bulk 1940-1960"],"normalized_title_ssm":["\"Spanish Tile Fountain, Bayfront Park, Miami, Florida -30\", bulk 1940-1960"],"text":["\"Spanish Tile Fountain, Bayfront Park, Miami, Florida -30\", bulk 1940-1960","Vintage Florida Postcards, 1930-2025","Miami Post Cards, bulk 1940-1960","Item 1","/repositories/2/archival_objects/19916","The inscription on the back of the postcard reads: Thousands of tourists visit Bayfront Park each year. Situated in the heart of the city of Miami on the shore of Biscayne Bay it is the rendezvous of many visitors throughout the year.","Miami (Fla.)","Postcards.\t","English","Unmarked linen postcard showing a fountain made from spanish tile in Bayfront Park. Picture taken by R. E. Simpson."],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["bf94ada4377f2dbc813062ab","bf94ada4377f2dbc813062ab_aspace_37f9b839bb96bd2eeee56aa3d5c79f34"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Vintage Florida Postcards, 1930-2025","Miami Post Cards, bulk 1940-1960"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Vintage Florida Postcards, 1930-2025","Miami Post Cards, bulk 1940-1960"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","File"],"unitid_ssm":["Item 1","/repositories/2/archival_objects/19916"],"repository_ssim":["Florida Gulf Coast University Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Vintage Florida Postcards, 1930-2025"],"physdesc_tesim":["The inscription on the back of the postcard reads: Thousands of tourists visit Bayfront Park each year. Situated in the heart of the city of Miami on the shore of Biscayne Bay it is the rendezvous of many visitors throughout the year."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":155,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open and available for research."],"date_range_isim":[1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960],"geogname_ssim":["Miami (Fla.)"],"geogname_ssm":["Miami (Fla.)"],"places_ssim":["Miami (Fla.)"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Postcards.\t"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Postcards.\t"],"language_ssim":["English"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnmarked linen postcard showing a fountain made from spanish tile in Bayfront Park. Picture taken by R. E. Simpson.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Unmarked linen postcard showing a fountain made from spanish tile in Bayfront Park. Picture taken by R. E. Simpson."],"_nest_path_":"/components#12/components#0","_nest_parent_":"bf94ada4377f2dbc813062ab_aspace_37f9b839bb96bd2eeee56aa3d5c79f34","_root_":"bf94ada4377f2dbc813062ab","timestamp":"2026-04-28T01:56:33.260Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"bf94ada4377f2dbc813062ab","title_ssm":["Vintage Florida Postcards"],"title_tesim":["Vintage Florida Postcards"],"ead_ssi":"bf94ada4377f2dbc813062ab","unitdate_ssm":["1930-2025"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1930-2025"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["02/01/44","/repositories/2/resources/109"],"text":["02/01/44","/repositories/2/resources/109","Vintage Florida Postcards, 1930-2025","Florida.","Seminole Tribe of Florida.","Photography.","Tourism--Florida.","Florida--Postcards","Postcards.\t","The collection is open and available for research.","Materials included in the Vintage Florida Postcard collection include postcards from regions spanning the State of Florida.","Florida Gulf Coast University Special Collections","Dexter Press (West Nyack, New York)","Sell, William, Mrs.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["02/01/44","/repositories/2/resources/109"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1930-2025"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Vintage Florida Postcards, 1930-2025"],"collection_title_tesim":["Vintage Florida Postcards, 1930-2025"],"collection_ssim":["Vintage Florida Postcards, 1930-2025"],"repository_ssm":["Florida Gulf Coast University Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["Florida Gulf Coast University Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Florida.","Seminole Tribe of Florida.","Photography.","Tourism--Florida."],"geogname_ssim":["Florida.","Seminole Tribe of Florida.","Photography.","Tourism--Florida."],"places_ssim":["Florida.","Seminole Tribe of Florida.","Photography.","Tourism--Florida."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Florida--Postcards","Postcards.\t"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Florida--Postcards","Postcards.\t"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".5 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":[".5 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024,2025],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open and available for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open and available for research."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials included in the Vintage Florida Postcard collection include postcards from regions spanning the State of Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Materials included in the Vintage Florida Postcard collection include postcards from regions spanning the State of Florida."],"names_ssim":["Florida Gulf Coast University Special Collections","Dexter Press (West Nyack, New York)","Sell, William, Mrs."],"corpname_ssim":["Florida Gulf Coast University Special Collections","Dexter Press (West Nyack, New York)"],"persname_ssim":["Sell, William, Mrs."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":285,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"bf94ada4377f2dbc813062ab","timestamp":"2026-04-28T01:56:33.260Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/bf94ada4377f2dbc813062ab_aspace_13ec8460422fcacacaa342fa4287e923"}},{"id":"5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62_aspace_94a8331b0836f58c74131569e9a08f4d","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Spaulding, Albert C., 1955-1960","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62_aspace_94a8331b0836f58c74131569e9a08f4d#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_94a8331b0836f58c74131569e9a08f4d","ref_ssm":["aspace_94a8331b0836f58c74131569e9a08f4d","aspace_94a8331b0836f58c74131569e9a08f4d"],"id":"5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62_aspace_94a8331b0836f58c74131569e9a08f4d","title_filing_ssi":"Spaulding, Albert C.","title_ssm":["Spaulding, Albert C."],"title_tesim":["Spaulding, Albert C."],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1955-1960"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1955-1960"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Spaulding, Albert C., 1955-1960"],"text":["Spaulding, Albert C., 1955-1960","Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006","Writings by others","/repositories/2/archival_objects/30267","box 86","folder 16"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62","5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62_aspace_60421e776c845bf7cd0dc7e916c56d99"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006","Writings by others"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006","Writings by others"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/2/archival_objects/30267"],"repository_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":2250,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The Niara Sudarkasa Collection is open for research."],"date_range_isim":[1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960],"containers_ssim":["box 86","folder 16"],"_nest_path_":"/components#4/components#1399","_nest_parent_":"5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62_aspace_60421e776c845bf7cd0dc7e916c56d99","_root_":"5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62","timestamp":"2026-04-21T02:08:51.248Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62","title_filing_ssi":"Sudarkasa, Niara Collection","title_ssm":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection"],"title_tesim":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection"],"ead_ssi":"5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62","unitdate_ssm":["1934-2006"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1934-2006"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["AARLCC.2006.4","/repositories/2/resources/51"],"text":["AARLCC.2006.4","/repositories/2/resources/51","Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006","Bahamian Americans","Correspondence","Photographs","plaques (flat objects)","Periodicals","The Niara Sudarkasa Collection is open for research.","View a selection of digitized materials from the Niara Sudarkasa Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives.","Niara Sudarkasa, born Gloria Albertha Marshall to a Bahamian immigrant family on August 14, 1938, in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, demonstrated exceptional academic promise from an early age. She graduated from Dillard High School at just 14 years old and, at 15, entered Fisk University on a Ford Foundation scholarship to study English. Her intellectual journey deepened at Oberlin College, where exposure to courses on the African diaspora inspired her to change her major to Sociology-Anthropology, earning her bachelor's degree in 1957.","Gloria enrolled at Columbia University in New York, where she pursued graduate studies in Anthropology. She earned both her Master's (1959) and Ph.D. degrees in (1964), becoming the first African American woman to teach at Columbia University. Following the completion of her doctorate, Dr. Sudarkasa was appointed assistant professor of anthropology at New York University (1970-1976), again marking a historic first for an African American woman. ","Gloria Albertha Marshall adopted the name Niara Sudarkasa to reflect her evolving identity as a cultural bridge between African Americans and continental Africans. Her name change marked a deepening commitment to diasporic connection and cultural reclamation.\nAt the University of Michigan, Dr. Sudarkasa continued to break barriers, becoming the first African American faculty member in the Department of Anthropology. From 1978 to 1981, she served as Associate Director of the Center for Afro-American and African Studies, advancing scholarship and institutional support for African diaspora research.","In 1986, she became the first female president of Lincoln University in Pennsylvania, a role she held until 1998. Her scholarship increasingly centered on the lives of women in West Africa and the enduring strength of the Black family. Her work in Nigeria earned her recognition from the royal court: in 2001, His Royal Majesty Aláyélúwà Ọba Ọkúnadé Sijuwade Olúbùsẹ II of the Royal Court of Ifẹ́ conferred upon her the chieftaincy title Yèyé Olókun Ìgbàdérò. She was the first African American to receive this honor from the Ifẹ́ Kingdom.","Following her retirement from higher education, Dr. Sudarkasa returned to her hometown of Fort Lauderdale, Florida, where she became the first scholar-in-residence at the newly opened African American Research Library and Cultural Center in 2002.\nDr. Sudarkasa was married to John L. Clark and was the mother of Michael Sudarkasa. She passed away on May 31, 2019, at the age of 80, leaving behind a legacy of scholarship, leadership, and cultural stewardship.","The Niara Sudarkasa Collection received container level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection. ","Parts of the collection have received file level processing. From January 2022 to May 2024, FIU interns, Emmanuel George, and Dominique St. Victor processed \"Series I. Correspondence\" and \"Series III. Professional Papers, Sub-series 1. Writings by Niara Sudarkasa and Sub-series 2. Writings by Others\" as part of the WPHL-FIU Community Data Curation grant.","The Niara Sudarkasa Collection documents the career of anthropologist, Africanist, professor, and university president Dr. Niara Sudarkasa. The collection contains correspondence, scholarly writings, publications, research files, audio visual materials, awards, and business papers dating from 1934 to 2006. The collection also includes Dr. Sudarka's personal library of more than 2,500 books, journals, and pamphlets. The collection highlights Dr. Sudarkasa's professional achievements including becoming the first woman president of Lincoln University in Pennsylvania and first Black faculty member of the Anthropology Department at the University of Michigan. Her papers are a unique resource on Yoruba language and culture, ethnic groups in higher education, and the Black Power Movement in the United States. They also document her work to strengthen international programs at Lincoln and the University of Michigan.","Books from this collection were cataloged in the Broward County Library catalog with the prefix \"SUD\".","AARLCC Special Collections","University of Michigan. Department of Anthropology","Lincoln University (Pa.)","Sudarkasa, Niara","English"],"unitid_tesim":["AARLCC.2006.4","/repositories/2/resources/51"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1934-2006"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006"],"collection_title_tesim":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006"],"collection_ssim":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006"],"repository_ssm":["AARLCC Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections"],"creator_ssm":["Sudarkasa, Niara"],"creator_ssim":["Sudarkasa, Niara"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Sudarkasa, Niara"],"creators_ssim":["Sudarkasa, Niara"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Dr. Niara Sudarkasa donated the materials to the AARLCC Special Collections on October 17, 2006 (Accession AARLCC-2006.4)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Bahamian Americans","Correspondence","Photographs","plaques (flat objects)","Periodicals"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Bahamian Americans","Correspondence","Photographs","plaques (flat objects)","Periodicals"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["400 Hollinger Boxes","410 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["400 Hollinger Boxes","410 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Photographs","plaques (flat objects)","Periodicals"],"date_range_isim":[1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Niara Sudarkasa Collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The Niara Sudarkasa Collection is open for research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://digitalarchives.broward.org/digital/collection/nsb\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eView a selection of digitized materials from the Niara Sudarkasa Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Digitized Materials"],"altformavail_tesim":["View a selection of digitized materials from the Niara Sudarkasa Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNiara Sudarkasa, born Gloria Albertha Marshall to a Bahamian immigrant family on August 14, 1938, in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, demonstrated exceptional academic promise from an early age. She graduated from Dillard High School at just 14 years old and, at 15, entered Fisk University on a Ford Foundation scholarship to study English. Her intellectual journey deepened at Oberlin College, where exposure to courses on the African diaspora inspired her to change her major to Sociology-Anthropology, earning her bachelor's degree in 1957.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGloria enrolled at Columbia University in New York, where she pursued graduate studies in Anthropology. She earned both her Master's (1959) and Ph.D. degrees in (1964), becoming the first African American woman to teach at Columbia University. Following the completion of her doctorate, Dr. Sudarkasa was appointed assistant professor of anthropology at New York University (1970-1976), again marking a historic first for an African American woman. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGloria Albertha Marshall adopted the name Niara Sudarkasa to reflect her evolving identity as a cultural bridge between African Americans and continental Africans. Her name change marked a deepening commitment to diasporic connection and cultural reclamation.\nAt the University of Michigan, Dr. Sudarkasa continued to break barriers, becoming the first African American faculty member in the Department of Anthropology. From 1978 to 1981, she served as Associate Director of the Center for Afro-American and African Studies, advancing scholarship and institutional support for African diaspora research.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1986, she became the first female president of Lincoln University in Pennsylvania, a role she held until 1998. Her scholarship increasingly centered on the lives of women in West Africa and the enduring strength of the Black family. Her work in Nigeria earned her recognition from the royal court: in 2001, His Royal Majesty Al\u0026#xE1;y\u0026#xE9;l\u0026#xFA;w\u0026#xE0; \u0026#x1ECC;ba \u0026#x1ECC;k\u0026#xFA;nad\u0026#xE9; Sijuwade Ol\u0026#xFA;b\u0026#xF9;s\u0026#x1EB9; II of the Royal Court of If\u0026#x1EB9;\u0026#x301; conferred upon her the chieftaincy title Y\u0026#xE8;y\u0026#xE9; Ol\u0026#xF3;kun \u0026#xCC;gb\u0026#xE0;d\u0026#xE9;r\u0026#xF2;. She was the first African American to receive this honor from the If\u0026#x1EB9;\u0026#x301; Kingdom.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFollowing her retirement from higher education, Dr. Sudarkasa returned to her hometown of Fort Lauderdale, Florida, where she became the first scholar-in-residence at the newly opened African American Research Library and Cultural Center in 2002.\nDr. Sudarkasa was married to John L. Clark and was the mother of Michael Sudarkasa. She passed away on May 31, 2019, at the age of 80, leaving behind a legacy of scholarship, leadership, and cultural stewardship.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Niara Sudarkasa, born Gloria Albertha Marshall to a Bahamian immigrant family on August 14, 1938, in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, demonstrated exceptional academic promise from an early age. She graduated from Dillard High School at just 14 years old and, at 15, entered Fisk University on a Ford Foundation scholarship to study English. Her intellectual journey deepened at Oberlin College, where exposure to courses on the African diaspora inspired her to change her major to Sociology-Anthropology, earning her bachelor's degree in 1957.","Gloria enrolled at Columbia University in New York, where she pursued graduate studies in Anthropology. She earned both her Master's (1959) and Ph.D. degrees in (1964), becoming the first African American woman to teach at Columbia University. Following the completion of her doctorate, Dr. Sudarkasa was appointed assistant professor of anthropology at New York University (1970-1976), again marking a historic first for an African American woman. ","Gloria Albertha Marshall adopted the name Niara Sudarkasa to reflect her evolving identity as a cultural bridge between African Americans and continental Africans. Her name change marked a deepening commitment to diasporic connection and cultural reclamation.\nAt the University of Michigan, Dr. Sudarkasa continued to break barriers, becoming the first African American faculty member in the Department of Anthropology. From 1978 to 1981, she served as Associate Director of the Center for Afro-American and African Studies, advancing scholarship and institutional support for African diaspora research.","In 1986, she became the first female president of Lincoln University in Pennsylvania, a role she held until 1998. Her scholarship increasingly centered on the lives of women in West Africa and the enduring strength of the Black family. Her work in Nigeria earned her recognition from the royal court: in 2001, His Royal Majesty Aláyélúwà Ọba Ọkúnadé Sijuwade Olúbùsẹ II of the Royal Court of Ifẹ́ conferred upon her the chieftaincy title Yèyé Olókun Ìgbàdérò. She was the first African American to receive this honor from the Ifẹ́ Kingdom.","Following her retirement from higher education, Dr. Sudarkasa returned to her hometown of Fort Lauderdale, Florida, where she became the first scholar-in-residence at the newly opened African American Research Library and Cultural Center in 2002.\nDr. Sudarkasa was married to John L. Clark and was the mother of Michael Sudarkasa. She passed away on May 31, 2019, at the age of 80, leaving behind a legacy of scholarship, leadership, and cultural stewardship."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNiara Sudarkasa Collection, African American Research Library and Cultural Center Special Collections, Broward County Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection, African American Research Library and Cultural Center Special Collections, Broward County Library."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Niara Sudarkasa Collection received container level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParts of the collection have received file level processing. From January 2022 to May 2024, FIU interns, Emmanuel George, and Dominique St. Victor processed \"Series I. Correspondence\" and \"Series III. Professional Papers, Sub-series 1. Writings by Niara Sudarkasa and Sub-series 2. Writings by Others\" as part of the WPHL-FIU Community Data Curation grant.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The Niara Sudarkasa Collection received container level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection. ","Parts of the collection have received file level processing. From January 2022 to May 2024, FIU interns, Emmanuel George, and Dominique St. Victor processed \"Series I. Correspondence\" and \"Series III. Professional Papers, Sub-series 1. Writings by Niara Sudarkasa and Sub-series 2. Writings by Others\" as part of the WPHL-FIU Community Data Curation grant."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Niara Sudarkasa Collection documents the career of anthropologist, Africanist, professor, and university president Dr. Niara Sudarkasa. The collection contains correspondence, scholarly writings, publications, research files, audio visual materials, awards, and business papers dating from 1934 to 2006. The collection also includes Dr. Sudarka's personal library of more than 2,500 books, journals, and pamphlets. The collection highlights Dr. Sudarkasa's professional achievements including becoming the first woman president of Lincoln University in Pennsylvania and first Black faculty member of the Anthropology Department at the University of Michigan. Her papers are a unique resource on Yoruba language and culture, ethnic groups in higher education, and the Black Power Movement in the United States. They also document her work to strengthen international programs at Lincoln and the University of Michigan.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Niara Sudarkasa Collection documents the career of anthropologist, Africanist, professor, and university president Dr. Niara Sudarkasa. The collection contains correspondence, scholarly writings, publications, research files, audio visual materials, awards, and business papers dating from 1934 to 2006. The collection also includes Dr. Sudarka's personal library of more than 2,500 books, journals, and pamphlets. The collection highlights Dr. Sudarkasa's professional achievements including becoming the first woman president of Lincoln University in Pennsylvania and first Black faculty member of the Anthropology Department at the University of Michigan. Her papers are a unique resource on Yoruba language and culture, ethnic groups in higher education, and the Black Power Movement in the United States. They also document her work to strengthen international programs at Lincoln and the University of Michigan."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://broward.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/results?qu=SUD\u0026amp;qf=LOCATION%09Shelf+Location%091%3AAF-SPC%09AARLCC+Special+Collections\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBooks from this collection were cataloged in the Broward County Library catalog with the prefix \"SUD\".\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Access the Books"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Books from this collection were cataloged in the Broward County Library catalog with the prefix \"SUD\"."],"names_coll_ssim":["University of Michigan. Department of Anthropology","Lincoln University (Pa.)"],"names_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections","University of Michigan. Department of Anthropology","Lincoln University (Pa.)","Sudarkasa, Niara"],"corpname_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections","University of Michigan. Department of Anthropology","Lincoln University (Pa.)"],"persname_ssim":["Sudarkasa, Niara"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":2760,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62","timestamp":"2026-04-21T02:08:51.248Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62_aspace_94a8331b0836f58c74131569e9a08f4d"}},{"id":"5c1d3cacb20af4c5d0f16be1_aspace_209356","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Special Orders, 1947-1969","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/5c1d3cacb20af4c5d0f16be1_aspace_209356#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eAn extensive collection of special orders from the military, spanning a twenty-two year time period, that pertain to Mansfield.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/5c1d3cacb20af4c5d0f16be1_aspace_209356#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_209356","ref_ssm":["aspace_209356","aspace_209356"],"id":"5c1d3cacb20af4c5d0f16be1_aspace_209356","title_filing_ssi":"Special Orders","title_ssm":["Special Orders"],"title_tesim":["Special Orders"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1947-1969"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1947-1969"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Special Orders, 1947-1969"],"text":["Special Orders, 1947-1969","Charlotte D. Mansfield collection, 1915-2017, Date acquired: 09/10/2008, Date accessioned: 2020-06-07, bulk 1942-1957","Folder 019","/repositories/10/archival_objects/44484","box 08.0158 - Box 1","folder 019","An extensive collection of special orders from the military, spanning a twenty-two year time period, that pertain to Mansfield."],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ids_ssim":["5c1d3cacb20af4c5d0f16be1"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Charlotte D. Mansfield collection, 1915-2017, Date acquired: 09/10/2008, Date accessioned: 2020-06-07, bulk 1942-1957"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Charlotte D. Mansfield collection, 1915-2017, Date acquired: 09/10/2008, Date accessioned: 2020-06-07, bulk 1942-1957"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Folder 019","/repositories/10/archival_objects/44484"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Charlotte D. Mansfield collection, 1915-2017, Date acquired: 09/10/2008, Date accessioned: 2020-06-07, bulk 1942-1957"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":19,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open to all researchers."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"date_range_isim":[1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969],"containers_ssim":["box 08.0158 - Box 1","folder 019"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAn extensive collection of special orders from the military, spanning a twenty-two year time period, that pertain to Mansfield.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["An extensive collection of special orders from the military, spanning a twenty-two year time period, that pertain to Mansfield."],"_nest_path_":"/components#18","_nest_parent_":"5c1d3cacb20af4c5d0f16be1","_root_":"5c1d3cacb20af4c5d0f16be1","timestamp":"2026-07-09T08:47:20.226Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"5c1d3cacb20af4c5d0f16be1","title_filing_ssi":"Mansfield, Charlotte D. collection","title_ssm":["Charlotte D. Mansfield collection"],"title_tesim":["Charlotte D. Mansfield collection"],"ead_ssi":"5c1d3cacb20af4c5d0f16be1","unitdate_ssm":["1915-2017","1942-1957","Date acquired: 09/10/2008","Date accessioned: 2020-06-07"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1942-1957"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1915-2017"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 09/10/2008","Date accessioned: 2020-06-07"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["08.0158","/repositories/10/resources/362"],"text":["08.0158","/repositories/10/resources/362","Charlotte D. Mansfield collection, 1915-2017, Date acquired: 09/10/2008, Date accessioned: 2020-06-07, bulk 1942-1957","Bad Kissingen (Germany)","Des Moines (Iowa)","Spokane (Wash.)","Denver (Colo.)","London (England)","High Wycombe (England)","Erding (Germany)","Berlin (Germany)","World War, 1939-1945--Great Britain","World War, 1939-1945--Germany","World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American","World War, 1939-1945--Women","Photography, Military","World War, 1939-1945--England--London","Europe--Description and Travel","World War, 1939-1945--Europe","Sports for women","Military sports","Friendship","Meritorious Service Medal","United States, Oklahoma--Military records","Oktoberfest","Military Discharge--United States","United States. Army Air Forces--Military life","Sexism","Retirement","V-E Day, 1945","Dogs","Awards","United States. Army Air Forces. Medals, badges, decorations, etc","Photojournalism","World War, 1939-1945--Photography","Basic training (Military education)","Aerial photographs","Scrapbooks","Photographs","Clippings (Books, newspapers, etc.)","Newsletters","Correspondence","Letters","Certificates","Buttons","Plaques","This collection is open to all researchers.","Early Life - Charlotte Dee Mansfield was born in Hanford, CA, August 31, 1915, and moved to Oklahoma when she was eight years old. She had been an avid photographer ever since her father took her to the darkroom of an old Army buddy, and she saw strips of film hanging on a line. She graduated from Garber High School in 1934, and then went on to Tonkawa College before receiving her Bachelor's degree in English from the University of Central Oklahoma in 1941. Mansfield was a reporter, writer, and editor for the college newspaper, which demonstrated how her fascination for photography followed her throughout her educational years. It was an article in  Popular Photography  Magazine about British military women photographers and their work in aerial photography that inspired her to enlist in the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps (W.A.A.C.) when World War II began.\n          World War II Service - Mansfield enlisted as a W.A.A.C. on October 17, 1942. She attended basic training at Ft. Des Moines, Iowa until February 1943 and then transferred to Lowry Field Photo School in Denver, Colorado. She was one of fifty who made up the first all-women class to be trained as aerial photo technicians. The women did better academically than the men who doubted them, as well as handled the cameras and darkroom work well. After graduating in April 1943, Mansfield went to Felts Field in Spokane, Washington for further training. While there, W.A.A.C. was converted to full status as a branch of the United States Army and became the Women's Army Corps (W.A.C.) in July 1943. Mansfield was also stationed at Peterson Field, Colorado Springs, Colorado and Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia before being assigned overseas work in May 1944. Throughout her service, Mansfield kept her Graflex 4x5 Pacemaker Speed Graphic camera and a supply of personal film provided by her father, who was incredibly supportive of her photographic endeavors throughout her life. She used these to document her experience at each location in the states, photographing her friends and surroundings. The pictures Mansfield took feature the women training, completing their work, and socializing.","      Mansfield was assigned to the 8 th  Air Force under James Doolittle stationed in High Wycombe, England. The codename for the camp was \"Pinetree,\" with Mansfield interchanging between the two location names in documents and on her pictures. The majority of the correspondence in the collection is from her time in England, where she described to her parents her visit to London and conditions at the camp. Food was a common topic for Mansfield, as well as conditions in the lab. Mansfield continued to take personal photographs, documenting the English countryside and life in the military huts where the women were housed. She celebrated Victory in Europe Day at this station, and there are numerous pictures of the service members rejoicing. Though the war on the western front was over, Mansfield stated in a letter to her parents that W.A.C.s were essential for the army of occupation and were scheduled to transfer to Germany.","      Mansfield was then transferred to the 9 th  Air Force stationed in Bad Kissingen, Germany to work with the 13 th  Photo Tech Unit. This resort town was occupied by the United States Army, and Mansfield noted the barbed wire and boarded up shops in letters. The lab was in a large, empty house and took considerable time to construct. Before it was finished, Mansfield worked mainly in the contact printing room or other labs in the region that needed assistance. She mentioned in letters that she and her peers often had to prove they could do the work, as many officers seemed doubtful. This testified to the sexism the W.A.C.s experienced, and that they did their job, and did it well, regardless of the obstacles. Mansfield continued her routine of taking personal photographs, which included several pictures of local Germans that accompanied the usual shots of friends and surroundings. She remained in Germany from July to November 1945, then returned to the United States after being honorably discharged from the military.","Post-War U.S. Air Force Service - After being discharged, Mansfield remained a civilian for fifteen months. Most of that time was spent helping a friend, Bertha Brownback. The two had become very close friends while in the military together but towards the end of their service, Bertha found herself pregnant without a husband. This meant she was automatically discharged from the military. When Mansfield returned to the United States, she moved with Bertha and the baby to Philadelphia where she worked for a short while with a photofinishing company. They then moved to Oklahoma because Mansfield wanted to be near family again. Soon after, Bertha died in a car accident, leaving Mansfield guardian of her child. She arranged for a couple related to her to adopt the baby, which freed her to reenlist in the military. This entire situation served as a testament to Mansfield's character; she was willing to put her career on hold to help a friend in need. It is this quality of love and friendship that stood out most strongly in her photography.","      In September 1946, Mansfield re-enlisted in the W.A.C. where she worked in Photo Labs at U.S. Bases and in Germany. When the U.S. Air Force became a separate service, she became part of the Women in the Air Force. Mansfield was stationed in Erding, Germany from 1952 to 1955. While there, she toured Europe, visiting Berlin, Paris, and Rome as well as the scenic countryside of Germany and Austria. She took numerous photographs and assembled them into a scrapbook, accompanied with historical commentary and descriptions of events. Mansfield was even able to revisit Bad Kissingen, Germany, where she had been stationed during the war, and commented on its marked difference in appearance.","      Mansfield remained in the U.S. Air Force until her retirement in 1973, after thirty years of military service where she earned the rank of Senior Master Sergeant(E-8). Throughout her military documents, Mansfield received numerous letters of praise and strong recommendations based on her work ethic. Because of her strong record, Mansfield was awarded the Meritorious Service Medal upon retirement, which is the highest award for military service during peacetime. This demonstrated to Mansfield that her hard work was appreciated, and she was very proud of it.","Retirement - Shortly before retirement, in 1970, Mansfield met Lorraine Caddy and the two became best friends. They decided that they liked each other enough to live together, and while Caddy was still in the military, they moved wherever she was stationed until her retirement in 1977. They decided to settle in Oklahoma outside Oklahoma City due to Mansfield's familial connection to the area. Mansfield returned to the University of Central Oklahoma in 1981 to complete a Bachelor of Science in Photo Journalism and a Master's Degree in Journalism in 1983. Photography remained her first love throughout her life, and she was an active member of the Oklahoma Camera Club since 1963. Mansfield passed away Sunday, December 30, 2007, at the age of 92. She is survived by her companion of 37 years, Lorraine Caddy.","This collection was donated by Lorraine A. Caddy. The collection was acquired by the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience on September 10, 2008.","Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022.","Processed Summer and Fall 2017","This collection relates to Charlotte D. Mansfield who served in the Women's Army Corps during World War II in the European Theater as a photographer and photograph processor. She subsequently retired from the U.S. Air Force. This collection contains documents, photographs, scrapbooks, and artifacts. The documents include personal correspondence, military records, newspaper clippings, newsletters, magazines, and certificates for military service. Various military medals and patches, mugs from U.S. Air Force service, and Graflex 4x5 Pacemaker Speed Graphic camera make up the artifacts. There are eight scrapbooks that Mansfield assembled documenting her military service, primarily overseas, both during World War II and after. Photographs make up the majority of the collection, with one box of loose photographs in separate folders and five archival scrapbooks filled with pictures. There are also four enlarged portraits of Mansfield.","All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.","Charlotte Mansfield enlisted in the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps (W.A.A.C.) in 1942 to pursue work in photograph processing for the military. She was part of the first all-women graduating class from Lowry Field Photo School in Colorado, where she was trained to be a photo technician that developed primarily aerial shots in photography labs. Mansfield was stationed at various locations throughout the United States before being transferred to lab work overseas in England and Germany. By this time, W.A.A.C. had transitioned to Women's Army Corps (W.A.C.). Throughout her military service, Mansfield took numerous personal photographs that featured her friends and surroundings. They provide an unparalleled amount of insight into the private lives of W.A.C.s as they negotiated what it meant to serve in World War II. Mansfield reenlisted after the war, eventually becoming part of the Women in the Air Force (W.A.F.), and retired in 1973. Photography remained her passion until her death in 2007.","FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","United States. Army. Women's Army Corps","Women's Army Corps Training Center (Fort Oglethorpe, Ga.)","Air Corps Technical School (Lowry Field, Colo.)","United States. Army. European Theater of Operations","United States. Air Force","University of Central Oklahoma","United States. Army Air Forces. Air Force, 9th","United States. Army Air Forces. Air Force, 8th","United States. Army. Women's Army Auxiliary Corps","Germany (Territory under Allied occupation, 1945-1955 : U.S. Zone). Office of Military Government","Mansfield, Charlotte D.","Doolittle, James Harold, 1896-1993","English"],"unitid_tesim":["08.0158","/repositories/10/resources/362"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1915-2017, Date acquired: 09/10/2008, Date accessioned: 2020-06-07, bulk 1942-1957"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charlotte D. Mansfield collection, 1915-2017, Date acquired: 09/10/2008, Date accessioned: 2020-06-07, bulk 1942-1957"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charlotte D. Mansfield collection, 1915-2017, Date acquired: 09/10/2008, Date accessioned: 2020-06-07, bulk 1942-1957"],"collection_ssim":["Charlotte D. Mansfield collection, 1915-2017, Date acquired: 09/10/2008, Date accessioned: 2020-06-07, bulk 1942-1957"],"repository_ssm":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Bad Kissingen (Germany)","Des Moines (Iowa)","Spokane (Wash.)","Denver (Colo.)","London (England)","High Wycombe (England)","Erding (Germany)","Berlin (Germany)"],"geogname_ssim":["Bad Kissingen (Germany)","Des Moines (Iowa)","Spokane (Wash.)","Denver (Colo.)","London (England)","High Wycombe (England)","Erding (Germany)","Berlin (Germany)"],"creator_ssm":["Mansfield, Charlotte D."],"creator_ssim":["Mansfield, Charlotte D."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Mansfield, Charlotte D."],"creators_ssim":["Mansfield, Charlotte D."],"places_ssim":["Bad Kissingen (Germany)","Des Moines (Iowa)","Spokane (Wash.)","Denver (Colo.)","London (England)","High Wycombe (England)","Erding (Germany)","Berlin (Germany)"],"access_terms_ssm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1939-1945--Great Britain","World War, 1939-1945--Germany","World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American","World War, 1939-1945--Women","Photography, Military","World War, 1939-1945--England--London","Europe--Description and Travel","World War, 1939-1945--Europe","Sports for women","Military sports","Friendship","Meritorious Service Medal","United States, Oklahoma--Military records","Oktoberfest","Military Discharge--United States","United States. Army Air Forces--Military life","Sexism","Retirement","V-E Day, 1945","Dogs","Awards","United States. Army Air Forces. Medals, badges, decorations, etc","Photojournalism","World War, 1939-1945--Photography","Basic training (Military education)","Aerial photographs","Scrapbooks","Photographs","Clippings (Books, newspapers, etc.)","Newsletters","Correspondence","Letters","Certificates","Buttons","Plaques"],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1939-1945--Great Britain","World War, 1939-1945--Germany","World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American","World War, 1939-1945--Women","Photography, Military","World War, 1939-1945--England--London","Europe--Description and Travel","World War, 1939-1945--Europe","Sports for women","Military sports","Friendship","Meritorious Service Medal","United States, Oklahoma--Military records","Oktoberfest","Military Discharge--United States","United States. Army Air Forces--Military life","Sexism","Retirement","V-E Day, 1945","Dogs","Awards","United States. Army Air Forces. Medals, badges, decorations, etc","Photojournalism","World War, 1939-1945--Photography","Basic training (Military education)","Aerial photographs","Scrapbooks","Photographs","Clippings (Books, newspapers, etc.)","Newsletters","Correspondence","Letters","Certificates","Buttons","Plaques"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["14 Linear Feet","1 items 1 camera case"],"extent_tesim":["14 Linear Feet","1 items 1 camera case"],"dimensions_tesim":["21x9.75"],"genreform_ssim":["Aerial photographs","Scrapbooks","Photographs","Clippings (Books, newspapers, etc.)","Newsletters","Correspondence","Letters","Certificates","Buttons","Plaques"],"date_range_isim":[1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to all researchers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to all researchers."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle\u003eEarly Life\u003c/title\u003e- Charlotte Dee Mansfield was born in Hanford, CA, August 31, 1915, and moved to Oklahoma when she was eight years old. She had been an avid photographer ever since her father took her to the darkroom of an old Army buddy, and she saw strips of film hanging on a line. She graduated from Garber High School in 1934, and then went on to Tonkawa College before receiving her Bachelor's degree in English from the University of Central Oklahoma in 1941. Mansfield was a reporter, writer, and editor for the college newspaper, which demonstrated how her fascination for photography followed her throughout her educational years. It was an article in \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ePopular Photography\u003c/emph\u003e Magazine about British military women photographers and their work in aerial photography that inspired her to enlist in the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps (W.A.A.C.) when World War II began.\n         \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ctitle\u003eWorld War II Service\u003c/title\u003e- Mansfield enlisted as a W.A.A.C. on October 17, 1942. She attended basic training at Ft. Des Moines, Iowa until February 1943 and then transferred to Lowry Field Photo School in Denver, Colorado. She was one of fifty who made up the first all-women class to be trained as aerial photo technicians. The women did better academically than the men who doubted them, as well as handled the cameras and darkroom work well. After graduating in April 1943, Mansfield went to Felts Field in Spokane, Washington for further training. While there, W.A.A.C. was converted to full status as a branch of the United States Army and became the Women's Army Corps (W.A.C.) in July 1943. Mansfield was also stationed at Peterson Field, Colorado Springs, Colorado and Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia before being assigned overseas work in May 1944. Throughout her service, Mansfield kept her Graflex 4x5 Pacemaker Speed Graphic camera and a supply of personal film provided by her father, who was incredibly supportive of her photographic endeavors throughout her life. She used these to document her experience at each location in the states, photographing her friends and surroundings. The pictures Mansfield took feature the women training, completing their work, and socializing.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u0026#xA0; \u0026#xA0;\u0026#xA0; \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMansfield was assigned to the 8\u003cemph render=\"super\"\u003eth\u003c/emph\u003e Air Force under James Doolittle stationed in High Wycombe, England. The codename for the camp was \"Pinetree,\" with Mansfield interchanging between the two location names in documents and on her pictures. The majority of the correspondence in the collection is from her time in England, where she described to her parents her visit to London and conditions at the camp. Food was a common topic for Mansfield, as well as conditions in the lab. Mansfield continued to take personal photographs, documenting the English countryside and life in the military huts where the women were housed. She celebrated Victory in Europe Day at this station, and there are numerous pictures of the service members rejoicing. Though the war on the western front was over, Mansfield stated in a letter to her parents that W.A.C.s were essential for the army of occupation and were scheduled to transfer to Germany.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u0026#xA0; \u0026#xA0;\u0026#xA0; \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMansfield was then transferred to the 9\u003cemph render=\"super\"\u003eth\u003c/emph\u003e Air Force stationed in Bad Kissingen, Germany to work with the 13\u003cemph render=\"super\"\u003eth\u003c/emph\u003e Photo Tech Unit. This resort town was occupied by the United States Army, and Mansfield noted the barbed wire and boarded up shops in letters. The lab was in a large, empty house and took considerable time to construct. Before it was finished, Mansfield worked mainly in the contact printing room or other labs in the region that needed assistance. She mentioned in letters that she and her peers often had to prove they could do the work, as many officers seemed doubtful. This testified to the sexism the W.A.C.s experienced, and that they did their job, and did it well, regardless of the obstacles. Mansfield continued her routine of taking personal photographs, which included several pictures of local Germans that accompanied the usual shots of friends and surroundings. She remained in Germany from July to November 1945, then returned to the United States after being honorably discharged from the military.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ctitle\u003ePost-War U.S. Air Force Service\u003c/title\u003e- After being discharged, Mansfield remained a civilian for fifteen months. Most of that time was spent helping a friend, Bertha Brownback. The two had become very close friends while in the military together but towards the end of their service, Bertha found herself pregnant without a husband. This meant she was automatically discharged from the military. When Mansfield returned to the United States, she moved with Bertha and the baby to Philadelphia where she worked for a short while with a photofinishing company. They then moved to Oklahoma because Mansfield wanted to be near family again. Soon after, Bertha died in a car accident, leaving Mansfield guardian of her child. She arranged for a couple related to her to adopt the baby, which freed her to reenlist in the military. This entire situation served as a testament to Mansfield's character; she was willing to put her career on hold to help a friend in need. It is this quality of love and friendship that stood out most strongly in her photography.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u0026#xA0; \u0026#xA0;\u0026#xA0; \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn September 1946, Mansfield re-enlisted in the W.A.C. where she worked in Photo Labs at U.S. Bases and in Germany. When the U.S. Air Force became a separate service, she became part of the Women in the Air Force. Mansfield was stationed in Erding, Germany from 1952 to 1955. While there, she toured Europe, visiting Berlin, Paris, and Rome as well as the scenic countryside of Germany and Austria. She took numerous photographs and assembled them into a scrapbook, accompanied with historical commentary and descriptions of events. Mansfield was even able to revisit Bad Kissingen, Germany, where she had been stationed during the war, and commented on its marked difference in appearance.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u0026#xA0; \u0026#xA0;\u0026#xA0; \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMansfield remained in the U.S. Air Force until her retirement in 1973, after thirty years of military service where she earned the rank of Senior Master Sergeant(E-8). Throughout her military documents, Mansfield received numerous letters of praise and strong recommendations based on her work ethic. Because of her strong record, Mansfield was awarded the Meritorious Service Medal upon retirement, which is the highest award for military service during peacetime. This demonstrated to Mansfield that her hard work was appreciated, and she was very proud of it.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ctitle\u003eRetirement\u003c/title\u003e- Shortly before retirement, in 1970, Mansfield met Lorraine Caddy and the two became best friends. They decided that they liked each other enough to live together, and while Caddy was still in the military, they moved wherever she was stationed until her retirement in 1977. They decided to settle in Oklahoma outside Oklahoma City due to Mansfield's familial connection to the area. Mansfield returned to the University of Central Oklahoma in 1981 to complete a Bachelor of Science in Photo Journalism and a Master's Degree in Journalism in 1983. Photography remained her first love throughout her life, and she was an active member of the Oklahoma Camera Club since 1963. Mansfield passed away Sunday, December 30, 2007, at the age of 92. She is survived by her companion of 37 years, Lorraine Caddy.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Early Life - Charlotte Dee Mansfield was born in Hanford, CA, August 31, 1915, and moved to Oklahoma when she was eight years old. She had been an avid photographer ever since her father took her to the darkroom of an old Army buddy, and she saw strips of film hanging on a line. She graduated from Garber High School in 1934, and then went on to Tonkawa College before receiving her Bachelor's degree in English from the University of Central Oklahoma in 1941. Mansfield was a reporter, writer, and editor for the college newspaper, which demonstrated how her fascination for photography followed her throughout her educational years. It was an article in  Popular Photography  Magazine about British military women photographers and their work in aerial photography that inspired her to enlist in the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps (W.A.A.C.) when World War II began.\n          World War II Service - Mansfield enlisted as a W.A.A.C. on October 17, 1942. She attended basic training at Ft. Des Moines, Iowa until February 1943 and then transferred to Lowry Field Photo School in Denver, Colorado. She was one of fifty who made up the first all-women class to be trained as aerial photo technicians. The women did better academically than the men who doubted them, as well as handled the cameras and darkroom work well. After graduating in April 1943, Mansfield went to Felts Field in Spokane, Washington for further training. While there, W.A.A.C. was converted to full status as a branch of the United States Army and became the Women's Army Corps (W.A.C.) in July 1943. Mansfield was also stationed at Peterson Field, Colorado Springs, Colorado and Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia before being assigned overseas work in May 1944. Throughout her service, Mansfield kept her Graflex 4x5 Pacemaker Speed Graphic camera and a supply of personal film provided by her father, who was incredibly supportive of her photographic endeavors throughout her life. She used these to document her experience at each location in the states, photographing her friends and surroundings. The pictures Mansfield took feature the women training, completing their work, and socializing.","      Mansfield was assigned to the 8 th  Air Force under James Doolittle stationed in High Wycombe, England. The codename for the camp was \"Pinetree,\" with Mansfield interchanging between the two location names in documents and on her pictures. The majority of the correspondence in the collection is from her time in England, where she described to her parents her visit to London and conditions at the camp. Food was a common topic for Mansfield, as well as conditions in the lab. Mansfield continued to take personal photographs, documenting the English countryside and life in the military huts where the women were housed. She celebrated Victory in Europe Day at this station, and there are numerous pictures of the service members rejoicing. Though the war on the western front was over, Mansfield stated in a letter to her parents that W.A.C.s were essential for the army of occupation and were scheduled to transfer to Germany.","      Mansfield was then transferred to the 9 th  Air Force stationed in Bad Kissingen, Germany to work with the 13 th  Photo Tech Unit. This resort town was occupied by the United States Army, and Mansfield noted the barbed wire and boarded up shops in letters. The lab was in a large, empty house and took considerable time to construct. Before it was finished, Mansfield worked mainly in the contact printing room or other labs in the region that needed assistance. She mentioned in letters that she and her peers often had to prove they could do the work, as many officers seemed doubtful. This testified to the sexism the W.A.C.s experienced, and that they did their job, and did it well, regardless of the obstacles. Mansfield continued her routine of taking personal photographs, which included several pictures of local Germans that accompanied the usual shots of friends and surroundings. She remained in Germany from July to November 1945, then returned to the United States after being honorably discharged from the military.","Post-War U.S. Air Force Service - After being discharged, Mansfield remained a civilian for fifteen months. Most of that time was spent helping a friend, Bertha Brownback. The two had become very close friends while in the military together but towards the end of their service, Bertha found herself pregnant without a husband. This meant she was automatically discharged from the military. When Mansfield returned to the United States, she moved with Bertha and the baby to Philadelphia where she worked for a short while with a photofinishing company. They then moved to Oklahoma because Mansfield wanted to be near family again. Soon after, Bertha died in a car accident, leaving Mansfield guardian of her child. She arranged for a couple related to her to adopt the baby, which freed her to reenlist in the military. This entire situation served as a testament to Mansfield's character; she was willing to put her career on hold to help a friend in need. It is this quality of love and friendship that stood out most strongly in her photography.","      In September 1946, Mansfield re-enlisted in the W.A.C. where she worked in Photo Labs at U.S. Bases and in Germany. When the U.S. Air Force became a separate service, she became part of the Women in the Air Force. Mansfield was stationed in Erding, Germany from 1952 to 1955. While there, she toured Europe, visiting Berlin, Paris, and Rome as well as the scenic countryside of Germany and Austria. She took numerous photographs and assembled them into a scrapbook, accompanied with historical commentary and descriptions of events. Mansfield was even able to revisit Bad Kissingen, Germany, where she had been stationed during the war, and commented on its marked difference in appearance.","      Mansfield remained in the U.S. Air Force until her retirement in 1973, after thirty years of military service where she earned the rank of Senior Master Sergeant(E-8). Throughout her military documents, Mansfield received numerous letters of praise and strong recommendations based on her work ethic. Because of her strong record, Mansfield was awarded the Meritorious Service Medal upon retirement, which is the highest award for military service during peacetime. This demonstrated to Mansfield that her hard work was appreciated, and she was very proud of it.","Retirement - Shortly before retirement, in 1970, Mansfield met Lorraine Caddy and the two became best friends. They decided that they liked each other enough to live together, and while Caddy was still in the military, they moved wherever she was stationed until her retirement in 1977. They decided to settle in Oklahoma outside Oklahoma City due to Mansfield's familial connection to the area. Mansfield returned to the University of Central Oklahoma in 1981 to complete a Bachelor of Science in Photo Journalism and a Master's Degree in Journalism in 1983. Photography remained her first love throughout her life, and she was an active member of the Oklahoma Camera Club since 1963. Mansfield passed away Sunday, December 30, 2007, at the age of 92. She is survived by her companion of 37 years, Lorraine Caddy."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection was donated by Lorraine A. Caddy. The collection was acquired by the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience on September 10, 2008.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTransferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives in July 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History","Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["This collection was donated by Lorraine A. Caddy. The collection was acquired by the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience on September 10, 2008.","Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], Charlotte D. Mansfield collection, Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_08_0158\"\u003ehttp://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_08_0158\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], Charlotte D. Mansfield collection, Special Collections \u0026 Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida.  http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_08_0158 ."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed Summer and Fall 2017\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed Summer and Fall 2017"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection relates to Charlotte D. Mansfield who served in the Women's Army Corps during World War II in the European Theater as a photographer and photograph processor. She subsequently retired from the U.S. Air Force. This collection contains documents, photographs, scrapbooks, and artifacts. The documents include personal correspondence, military records, newspaper clippings, newsletters, magazines, and certificates for military service. Various military medals and patches, mugs from U.S. Air Force service, and Graflex 4x5 Pacemaker Speed Graphic camera make up the artifacts. There are eight scrapbooks that Mansfield assembled documenting her military service, primarily overseas, both during World War II and after. Photographs make up the majority of the collection, with one box of loose photographs in separate folders and five archival scrapbooks filled with pictures. There are also four enlarged portraits of Mansfield.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection relates to Charlotte D. Mansfield who served in the Women's Army Corps during World War II in the European Theater as a photographer and photograph processor. She subsequently retired from the U.S. Air Force. This collection contains documents, photographs, scrapbooks, and artifacts. The documents include personal correspondence, military records, newspaper clippings, newsletters, magazines, and certificates for military service. Various military medals and patches, mugs from U.S. Air Force service, and Graflex 4x5 Pacemaker Speed Graphic camera make up the artifacts. There are eight scrapbooks that Mansfield assembled documenting her military service, primarily overseas, both during World War II and after. Photographs make up the majority of the collection, with one box of loose photographs in separate folders and five archival scrapbooks filled with pictures. There are also four enlarged portraits of Mansfield."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_4c0fe496351ee46fff18977354e86118\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eCharlotte Mansfield enlisted in the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps (W.A.A.C.) in 1942 to pursue work in photograph processing for the military. She was part of the first all-women graduating class from Lowry Field Photo School in Colorado, where she was trained to be a photo technician that developed primarily aerial shots in photography labs. Mansfield was stationed at various locations throughout the United States before being transferred to lab work overseas in England and Germany. By this time, W.A.A.C. had transitioned to Women's Army Corps (W.A.C.). Throughout her military service, Mansfield took numerous personal photographs that featured her friends and surroundings. They provide an unparalleled amount of insight into the private lives of W.A.C.s as they negotiated what it meant to serve in World War II. Mansfield reenlisted after the war, eventually becoming part of the Women in the Air Force (W.A.F.), and retired in 1973. Photography remained her passion until her death in 2007.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Charlotte Mansfield enlisted in the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps (W.A.A.C.) in 1942 to pursue work in photograph processing for the military. She was part of the first all-women graduating class from Lowry Field Photo School in Colorado, where she was trained to be a photo technician that developed primarily aerial shots in photography labs. Mansfield was stationed at various locations throughout the United States before being transferred to lab work overseas in England and Germany. By this time, W.A.A.C. had transitioned to Women's Army Corps (W.A.C.). Throughout her military service, Mansfield took numerous personal photographs that featured her friends and surroundings. They provide an unparalleled amount of insight into the private lives of W.A.C.s as they negotiated what it meant to serve in World War II. Mansfield reenlisted after the war, eventually becoming part of the Women in the Air Force (W.A.F.), and retired in 1973. Photography remained her passion until her death in 2007."],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Army. Women's Army Corps","Women's Army Corps Training Center (Fort Oglethorpe, Ga.)","Air Corps Technical School (Lowry Field, Colo.)","United States. Army. European Theater of Operations","United States. Air Force","University of Central Oklahoma","United States. Army Air Forces. Air Force, 9th","United States. Army Air Forces. Air Force, 8th","United States. Army. Women's Army Auxiliary Corps","Germany (Territory under Allied occupation, 1945-1955 : U.S. Zone). Office of Military Government","Doolittle, James Harold, 1896-1993"],"names_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","United States. Army. Women's Army Corps","Women's Army Corps Training Center (Fort Oglethorpe, Ga.)","Air Corps Technical School (Lowry Field, Colo.)","United States. Army. European Theater of Operations","United States. Air Force","University of Central Oklahoma","United States. Army Air Forces. Air Force, 9th","United States. Army Air Forces. Air Force, 8th","United States. Army. Women's Army Auxiliary Corps","Germany (Territory under Allied occupation, 1945-1955 : U.S. Zone). Office of Military Government","Mansfield, Charlotte D.","Doolittle, James Harold, 1896-1993"],"corpname_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","United States. Army. Women's Army Corps","Women's Army Corps Training Center (Fort Oglethorpe, Ga.)","Air Corps Technical School (Lowry Field, Colo.)","United States. Army. European Theater of Operations","United States. Air Force","University of Central Oklahoma","United States. Army Air Forces. Air Force, 9th","United States. Army Air Forces. Air Force, 8th","United States. Army. Women's Army Auxiliary Corps","Germany (Territory under Allied occupation, 1945-1955 : U.S. Zone). Office of Military Government"],"persname_ssim":["Mansfield, Charlotte D.","Doolittle, James Harold, 1896-1993"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":86,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"5c1d3cacb20af4c5d0f16be1","timestamp":"2026-07-09T08:47:20.226Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/5c1d3cacb20af4c5d0f16be1_aspace_209356"}},{"id":"dde59887df80392325f2a53e_aspace_e83322a449f47afaf085739946099f31","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Special Reports, 1960-1961, 1983-1984, 1963-01-15, 1965-06-15, 1972-09-13, 1974, 1976-01, 1979-10-16, 1984-02-08, 1991-03-13","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/dde59887df80392325f2a53e_aspace_e83322a449f47afaf085739946099f31#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_e83322a449f47afaf085739946099f31","ref_ssm":["aspace_e83322a449f47afaf085739946099f31","aspace_e83322a449f47afaf085739946099f31"],"id":"dde59887df80392325f2a53e_aspace_e83322a449f47afaf085739946099f31","title_filing_ssi":"Special Reports","title_ssm":["Special Reports"],"title_tesim":["Special Reports"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1960-1961","1983-1984"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1963-01-15","1965-06-15","1972-09-13","1974","1976-01","1979-10-16","1984-02-08","1991-03-13"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1960-1961, 1983-1984, 1963-01-15, 1965-06-15, 1972-09-13, 1974, 1976-01, 1979-10-16, 1984-02-08, 1991-03-13"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Special Reports, 1960-1961, 1983-1984, 1963-01-15, 1965-06-15, 1972-09-13, 1974, 1976-01, 1979-10-16, 1984-02-08, 1991-03-13"],"text":["Special Reports, 1960-1961, 1983-1984, 1963-01-15, 1965-06-15, 1972-09-13, 1974, 1976-01, 1979-10-16, 1984-02-08, 1991-03-13","Florida Citrus Mutual Papers, 1930s-2000s","Reports","/repositories/3/archival_objects/42010","box 5","folder 2"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["dde59887df80392325f2a53e","dde59887df80392325f2a53e_aspace_422f399423cffb55d82296c44376d757"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Florida Citrus Mutual Papers, 1930s-2000s","Reports"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Florida Citrus Mutual Papers, 1930s-2000s","Reports"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/3/archival_objects/42010"],"repository_ssim":["Thomas B. Mack Florida Citrus Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Florida Citrus Mutual Papers, 1930s-2000s"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":9,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the archives' ability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["This collection is owned by Florida Southern College and is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."],"date_range_isim":[1960,1961,1963,1965,1972,1974,1976,1979,1983,1984,1991],"containers_ssim":["box 5","folder 2"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#2","_nest_parent_":"dde59887df80392325f2a53e_aspace_422f399423cffb55d82296c44376d757","_root_":"dde59887df80392325f2a53e","_version_":1870852031839731712,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T06:32:12.561Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"dde59887df80392325f2a53e","title_ssm":["Florida Citrus Mutual Papers"],"title_tesim":["Florida Citrus Mutual Papers"],"ead_ssi":"dde59887df80392325f2a53e","unitdate_ssm":["1930s-2000s"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1930s-2000s"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["CIT7005","/repositories/3/resources/142"],"text":["CIT7005","/repositories/3/resources/142","Florida Citrus Mutual Papers, 1930s-2000s","Florida Citrus Mutual","Citrus fruit industry--Florida--History.","Citrus growers--Florida--History.","Agricultural cooperatives--Florida--History.","Citrus fruits--Marketing--Florida","Citrus fruit industry--Florida--Marketing","Citrus fruit industry--Law and legislation--United States","This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the archives' ability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials.","In the late 1940s, Florida's citrus industry was experiencing severe market fluctuations. Citrus prices did not cover the cost of production, and growers were losing money. The Citrus Exchange determined that the industry needed an organization dedicated to stabilizing prices. ","The idea for Florida Citrus Mutual was born. With the support of several key industry members known as Mutual's \"Founding Fathers\" – Latt Maxcy, Barney Kilgore, C.C. Commander, J.A. Griffin and James C. Morton – Mutual was formed in 1948, and was officially activated on March 25, 1949. ","With more than 6,000 grower members, Florida Citrus Mutual's primary goal was to stabilize prices for growers and to provide previously unpublished price information to members. In the years that followed, Mutual expanded its focus to advocate for growers among state and federal lawmakers.\nInformation pulled from the Florida Citrus Mutual webpage (https://www.flcitrusmutual.com/).","This collection encompasses various materials produced by or written on the Florida Citrus Mutual organization.  It has a wide date range, with files beginning in the 1930s, and ending in the early 2000s.  It includes records of legal issues, including tariffs and regulatory laws.  It also includes several business files, from meeting accounts to associate records to statistics reports to marketing materials.  It has the 1987-2002 Market News Bulletin for the organization.  It also contains three boxes of photographs, which largely feature members of the organization.","This collection is owned by Florida Southern College and is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).","Thomas B. Mack Florida Citrus Archives","English"],"unitid_tesim":["CIT7005","/repositories/3/resources/142"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1930s-2000s"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Florida Citrus Mutual Papers, 1930s-2000s"],"collection_title_tesim":["Florida Citrus Mutual Papers, 1930s-2000s"],"collection_ssim":["Florida Citrus Mutual Papers, 1930s-2000s"],"repository_ssm":["Thomas B. Mack Florida Citrus Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Thomas B. Mack Florida Citrus Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["This collection is owned by Florida Southern College and is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was donated to Professor Thomas Mack, date unknown (prior to 2009)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Florida Citrus Mutual","Citrus fruit industry--Florida--History.","Citrus growers--Florida--History.","Agricultural cooperatives--Florida--History.","Citrus fruits--Marketing--Florida","Citrus fruit industry--Florida--Marketing","Citrus fruit industry--Law and legislation--United States"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Florida Citrus Mutual","Citrus fruit industry--Florida--History.","Citrus growers--Florida--History.","Agricultural cooperatives--Florida--History.","Citrus fruits--Marketing--Florida","Citrus fruit industry--Florida--Marketing","Citrus fruit industry--Law and legislation--United States"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3.1 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["3.1 Linear Feet"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the archives' ability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the archives' ability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn the late 1940s, Florida's citrus industry was experiencing severe market fluctuations. Citrus prices did not cover the cost of production, and growers were losing money. The Citrus Exchange determined that the industry needed an organization dedicated to stabilizing prices. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe idea for Florida Citrus Mutual was born. With the support of several key industry members known as Mutual's \"Founding Fathers\" \u0026#x2013; Latt Maxcy, Barney Kilgore, C.C. Commander, J.A. Griffin and James C. Morton \u0026#x2013; Mutual was formed in 1948, and was officially activated on March 25, 1949. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWith more than 6,000 grower members, Florida Citrus Mutual's primary goal was to stabilize prices for growers and to provide previously unpublished price information to members. In the years that followed, Mutual expanded its focus to advocate for growers among state and federal lawmakers.\nInformation pulled from the Florida Citrus Mutual webpage (https://www.flcitrusmutual.com/).\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["In the late 1940s, Florida's citrus industry was experiencing severe market fluctuations. Citrus prices did not cover the cost of production, and growers were losing money. The Citrus Exchange determined that the industry needed an organization dedicated to stabilizing prices. ","The idea for Florida Citrus Mutual was born. With the support of several key industry members known as Mutual's \"Founding Fathers\" – Latt Maxcy, Barney Kilgore, C.C. Commander, J.A. Griffin and James C. Morton – Mutual was formed in 1948, and was officially activated on March 25, 1949. ","With more than 6,000 grower members, Florida Citrus Mutual's primary goal was to stabilize prices for growers and to provide previously unpublished price information to members. In the years that followed, Mutual expanded its focus to advocate for growers among state and federal lawmakers.\nInformation pulled from the Florida Citrus Mutual webpage (https://www.flcitrusmutual.com/)."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection encompasses various materials produced by or written on the Florida Citrus Mutual organization.  It has a wide date range, with files beginning in the 1930s, and ending in the early 2000s.  It includes records of legal issues, including tariffs and regulatory laws.  It also includes several business files, from meeting accounts to associate records to statistics reports to marketing materials.  It has the 1987-2002 Market News Bulletin for the organization.  It also contains three boxes of photographs, which largely feature members of the organization.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection encompasses various materials produced by or written on the Florida Citrus Mutual organization.  It has a wide date range, with files beginning in the 1930s, and ending in the early 2000s.  It includes records of legal issues, including tariffs and regulatory laws.  It also includes several business files, from meeting accounts to associate records to statistics reports to marketing materials.  It has the 1987-2002 Market News Bulletin for the organization.  It also contains three boxes of photographs, which largely feature members of the organization."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is owned by Florida Southern College and is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["This collection is owned by Florida Southern College and is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."],"names_ssim":["Thomas B. Mack Florida Citrus Archives"],"corpname_ssim":["Thomas B. Mack Florida Citrus Archives"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":93,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870852031839731712,"_root_":"dde59887df80392325f2a53e","timestamp":"2026-07-16T06:32:12.561Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/dde59887df80392325f2a53e_aspace_e83322a449f47afaf085739946099f31"}},{"id":"42e7073fb9b8528341d9f801_aspace_73a7f4b25a2ee8f638c5e0afdacd348a","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Special Report: \"The Jacksonville Riot,\" from the Florida Council on Human Relations, 1960-09","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/42e7073fb9b8528341d9f801_aspace_73a7f4b25a2ee8f638c5e0afdacd348a#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_73a7f4b25a2ee8f638c5e0afdacd348a","ref_ssm":["aspace_73a7f4b25a2ee8f638c5e0afdacd348a","aspace_73a7f4b25a2ee8f638c5e0afdacd348a"],"id":"42e7073fb9b8528341d9f801_aspace_73a7f4b25a2ee8f638c5e0afdacd348a","title_filing_ssi":"Special Report: \"The Jacksonville Riot,\" from the Florida Council on Human Relations","title_ssm":["Special Report: \"The Jacksonville Riot,\" from the Florida Council on Human Relations"],"title_tesim":["Special Report: \"The Jacksonville Riot,\" from the Florida Council on Human Relations"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1960-09"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1960-09"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Special Report: \"The Jacksonville Riot,\" from the Florida Council on Human Relations, 1960-09"],"text":["Special Report: \"The Jacksonville Riot,\" from the Florida Council on Human Relations, 1960-09","Rodney Lawrence Hurst, Sr. Papers, 1957-2015","Correspondence and documents","Miscellaneous Documents","/repositories/3/archival_objects/6785","box 1","folder 4"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["42e7073fb9b8528341d9f801","42e7073fb9b8528341d9f801_aspace_1b79f277df332700c0cba5b48653a840","42e7073fb9b8528341d9f801_aspace_2ecb03d046c06a31d1dc744d46d03de9"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Rodney Lawrence Hurst, Sr. Papers, 1957-2015","Correspondence and documents","Miscellaneous Documents"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Rodney Lawrence Hurst, Sr. Papers, 1957-2015","Correspondence and documents","Miscellaneous Documents"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Subseries"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/3/archival_objects/6785"],"repository_ssim":["UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Rodney Lawrence Hurst, Sr. Papers, 1957-2015"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":67,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research by appointment only. Please contact lib-special@unf.edu to schedule an appointment."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Materials in the collection may be subject to copyright and are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accordance with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). Use of reproductions of copyrighted works in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement and be subject to the civil and criminal penalties of federal law. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for further information"],"date_range_isim":[1960],"containers_ssim":["box 1","folder 4"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#3/components#5","_nest_parent_":"42e7073fb9b8528341d9f801_aspace_2ecb03d046c06a31d1dc744d46d03de9","_root_":"42e7073fb9b8528341d9f801","timestamp":"2026-05-27T03:06:30.746Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"42e7073fb9b8528341d9f801","title_ssm":["Rodney Lawrence Hurst, Sr. Papers"],"title_tesim":["Rodney Lawrence Hurst, Sr. Papers"],"ead_ssi":"42e7073fb9b8528341d9f801","unitdate_ssm":["1957-2015"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1957-2015"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":[" 2018.001","/repositories/3/resources/65"],"text":[" 2018.001","/repositories/3/resources/65","Rodney Lawrence Hurst, Sr. Papers, 1957-2015","USPS Black Heritage Stamp Series","Hurst, Rodney L.  -- Stamp collections","African Americans on postage stamps","Civil rights movements","Civil rights demonstrations","African American civil rights workers","The collection is open for research by appointment only. Please contact lib-special@unf.edu to schedule an appointment.","\tRodney L. Hurst Sr., a long time Jacksonville resident, Civil Rights activist and author was born in 1944. After transferring to Isaiah Blocker Junior High School in 1955, at age eleven, his history teacher Rutledge Henry Pearson encouraged him to join the local NAACP Youth Council. By the time he was fifteen, Mr. Hurst was named president of the youth council chapter.","In 1960, Hurst led the lunch counter sit in demonstrations in downtown Jacksonville's shopping districts. The first one began on August 13, 1960. They targeted the Woolworth's counter. In addition, demonstrations were held at Cohen Bros, WT Grant Department Store, Kness Department Store, and McCrory Department Store. \n    \nIn response, the stores closed their lunch counters and thus fueled the tensions that coalesced on August 27 also known as Ax Handle Saturday when 200 segregationists, armed with ax handles and baseball bats attacked 35 members of the NAACP youth council and other Black Americans who happened to be in the area.\n    \nEventually, the police closed off downtown and the sit ins ceased. Then on December 8, 1960, Rodney Hurst was arrested for his part in the demonstrations and charged with instigating a riot.  The charges were dropped after his hearing and was released. By May 16, 1961, all lunch counters in Jacksonville were integrated due to Mr. Hurst and the Youth Council's efforts.\n    \nIn subsequent years, Mr. Hurst sat on the Jacksonville Civil Council and represented District 8 from 1975-1979 and District 10 from 1979-1983. \n    \nLater in 2008, he authored a semi-autobiographical account of his experiences called \"It Was Never About a Hot Dog and a Coke!\" The book garnered recognition at the Sabrina Awards Best Non Fiction and Top Three Pick On July 31st that same year.","In addition, Mr. Hurst received awards for his participation in the 2009 Writer's Digest 16th Annual Self-Published Book awards, the ENAABLE and Blue Cross Blue Shield of Florida Black History Month Celebration. Due to his efforts in civil rights history, the Durkeeville Historical Society awarded Mr. Hurst a certificate of appreciation.","In 2010, Mr. Hurst participated in the University of Central Florida Book Festival and in 2012, he taught a course about Ax Handle Saturday and the Jacksonville sit ins at the University of North Florida.","Recently, in 2018, the Jacksonville Task Force on Civil Rights History was created. Mr. Hurst served as the co chair of the taskforce's historical timeline subcommittee and created a chronology of civil rights history in Jacksonville from 1838 with the founding of Bethel Baptist Institutional Church to the present. ","The collection consists of papers and memorabilia related to civil rights history in Jacksonville and Hurst's experiences as a member of the NAACP Youth Council in the 1960's. The collection focuses on the NAACP sit-ins of stores in James Weldon Johnson Park, formerly known as Hemming Park or Plaza, and Hurst's book about Ax Handle Saturday.","Materials in the collection may be subject to copyright and are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accordance with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). Use of reproductions of copyrighted works in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement and be subject to the civil and criminal penalties of federal law. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for further information","UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives","English"],"unitid_tesim":[" 2018.001","/repositories/3/resources/65"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1957-2015"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Rodney Lawrence Hurst, Sr. Papers, 1957-2015"],"collection_title_tesim":["Rodney Lawrence Hurst, Sr. Papers, 1957-2015"],"collection_ssim":["Rodney Lawrence Hurst, Sr. Papers, 1957-2015"],"repository_ssm":["UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives"],"repository_ssim":["UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["Materials in the collection may be subject to copyright and are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accordance with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). Use of reproductions of copyrighted works in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement and be subject to the civil and criminal penalties of federal law. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for further information"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was acquired through donation from Rodney Lawrence Hurst, Sr. in 2018."],"access_subjects_ssim":["USPS Black Heritage Stamp Series","Hurst, Rodney L.  -- Stamp collections","African Americans on postage stamps","Civil rights movements","Civil rights demonstrations","African American civil rights workers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["USPS Black Heritage Stamp Series","Hurst, Rodney L.  -- Stamp collections","African Americans on postage stamps","Civil rights movements","Civil rights demonstrations","African American civil rights workers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["5.00 Linear Feet 2 legal sized archives document boxes, 1 oversized flat box, 3 medium sized flat boxes"],"extent_tesim":["5.00 Linear Feet 2 legal sized archives document boxes, 1 oversized flat box, 3 medium sized flat boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research by appointment only. Please contact lib-special@unf.edu to schedule an appointment.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research by appointment only. Please contact lib-special@unf.edu to schedule an appointment."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\tRodney L. Hurst Sr., a long time Jacksonville resident, Civil Rights activist and author was born in 1944. After transferring to Isaiah Blocker Junior High School in 1955, at age eleven, his history teacher Rutledge Henry Pearson encouraged him to join the local NAACP Youth Council. By the time he was fifteen, Mr. Hurst was named president of the youth council chapter.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1960, Hurst led the lunch counter sit in demonstrations in downtown Jacksonville's shopping districts. The first one began on August 13, 1960. They targeted the Woolworth's counter. In addition, demonstrations were held at Cohen Bros, WT Grant Department Store, Kness Department Store, and McCrory Department Store. \n    \nIn response, the stores closed their lunch counters and thus fueled the tensions that coalesced on August 27 also known as Ax Handle Saturday when 200 segregationists, armed with ax handles and baseball bats attacked 35 members of the NAACP youth council and other Black Americans who happened to be in the area.\n    \nEventually, the police closed off downtown and the sit ins ceased. Then on December 8, 1960, Rodney Hurst was arrested for his part in the demonstrations and charged with instigating a riot.  The charges were dropped after his hearing and was released. By May 16, 1961, all lunch counters in Jacksonville were integrated due to Mr. Hurst and the Youth Council's efforts.\n    \nIn subsequent years, Mr. Hurst sat on the Jacksonville Civil Council and represented District 8 from 1975-1979 and District 10 from 1979-1983. \n    \nLater in 2008, he authored a semi-autobiographical account of his experiences called \"It Was Never About a Hot Dog and a Coke!\" The book garnered recognition at the Sabrina Awards Best Non Fiction and Top Three Pick On July 31st that same year.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn addition, Mr. Hurst received awards for his participation in the 2009 Writer's Digest 16th Annual Self-Published Book awards, the ENAABLE and Blue Cross Blue Shield of Florida Black History Month Celebration. Due to his efforts in civil rights history, the Durkeeville Historical Society awarded Mr. Hurst a certificate of appreciation.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 2010, Mr. Hurst participated in the University of Central Florida Book Festival and in 2012, he taught a course about Ax Handle Saturday and the Jacksonville sit ins at the University of North Florida.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRecently, in 2018, the Jacksonville Task Force on Civil Rights History was created. Mr. Hurst served as the co chair of the taskforce's historical timeline subcommittee and created a chronology of civil rights history in Jacksonville from 1838 with the founding of Bethel Baptist Institutional Church to the present. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["\tRodney L. Hurst Sr., a long time Jacksonville resident, Civil Rights activist and author was born in 1944. After transferring to Isaiah Blocker Junior High School in 1955, at age eleven, his history teacher Rutledge Henry Pearson encouraged him to join the local NAACP Youth Council. By the time he was fifteen, Mr. Hurst was named president of the youth council chapter.","In 1960, Hurst led the lunch counter sit in demonstrations in downtown Jacksonville's shopping districts. The first one began on August 13, 1960. They targeted the Woolworth's counter. In addition, demonstrations were held at Cohen Bros, WT Grant Department Store, Kness Department Store, and McCrory Department Store. \n    \nIn response, the stores closed their lunch counters and thus fueled the tensions that coalesced on August 27 also known as Ax Handle Saturday when 200 segregationists, armed with ax handles and baseball bats attacked 35 members of the NAACP youth council and other Black Americans who happened to be in the area.\n    \nEventually, the police closed off downtown and the sit ins ceased. Then on December 8, 1960, Rodney Hurst was arrested for his part in the demonstrations and charged with instigating a riot.  The charges were dropped after his hearing and was released. By May 16, 1961, all lunch counters in Jacksonville were integrated due to Mr. Hurst and the Youth Council's efforts.\n    \nIn subsequent years, Mr. Hurst sat on the Jacksonville Civil Council and represented District 8 from 1975-1979 and District 10 from 1979-1983. \n    \nLater in 2008, he authored a semi-autobiographical account of his experiences called \"It Was Never About a Hot Dog and a Coke!\" The book garnered recognition at the Sabrina Awards Best Non Fiction and Top Three Pick On July 31st that same year.","In addition, Mr. Hurst received awards for his participation in the 2009 Writer's Digest 16th Annual Self-Published Book awards, the ENAABLE and Blue Cross Blue Shield of Florida Black History Month Celebration. Due to his efforts in civil rights history, the Durkeeville Historical Society awarded Mr. Hurst a certificate of appreciation.","In 2010, Mr. Hurst participated in the University of Central Florida Book Festival and in 2012, he taught a course about Ax Handle Saturday and the Jacksonville sit ins at the University of North Florida.","Recently, in 2018, the Jacksonville Task Force on Civil Rights History was created. Mr. Hurst served as the co chair of the taskforce's historical timeline subcommittee and created a chronology of civil rights history in Jacksonville from 1838 with the founding of Bethel Baptist Institutional Church to the present. "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRodney Lawrence Hurst, Sr. Papers, Thomas G. Carpenter Library, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Rodney Lawrence Hurst, Sr. Papers, Thomas G. Carpenter Library, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of papers and memorabilia related to civil rights history in Jacksonville and Hurst's experiences as a member of the NAACP Youth Council in the 1960's. The collection focuses on the NAACP sit-ins of stores in James Weldon Johnson Park, formerly known as Hemming Park or Plaza, and Hurst's book about Ax Handle Saturday.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of papers and memorabilia related to civil rights history in Jacksonville and Hurst's experiences as a member of the NAACP Youth Council in the 1960's. The collection focuses on the NAACP sit-ins of stores in James Weldon Johnson Park, formerly known as Hemming Park or Plaza, and Hurst's book about Ax Handle Saturday."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in the collection may be subject to copyright and are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accordance with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). Use of reproductions of copyrighted works in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement and be subject to the civil and criminal penalties of federal law. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for further information\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials in the collection may be subject to copyright and are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accordance with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). Use of reproductions of copyrighted works in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement and be subject to the civil and criminal penalties of federal law. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for further information"],"names_ssim":["UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives"],"corpname_ssim":["UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":509,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"42e7073fb9b8528341d9f801","timestamp":"2026-05-27T03:06:30.746Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/42e7073fb9b8528341d9f801_aspace_73a7f4b25a2ee8f638c5e0afdacd348a"}},{"id":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_52823","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Specimens, Photographs of, circa 1960-1970s","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_52823#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_52823","ref_ssm":["aspace_52823","aspace_52823"],"id":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_52823","title_filing_ssi":"Specimens, Photographs of","title_ssm":["Specimens, Photographs of"],"title_tesim":["Specimens, Photographs of"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1960-1970s"],"normalized_date_ssm":["circa 1960-1970s"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Specimens, Photographs of, circa 1960-1970s"],"text":["Specimens, Photographs of, circa 1960-1970s","Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014","Subject Files, 1880-2003.","Herbarium, 1888-1995","Folder 11-13","/repositories/4/archival_objects/33328","box 55","folder 11-13"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_52621","4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_52820"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014","Subject Files, 1880-2003.","Herbarium, 1888-1995"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014","Subject Files, 1880-2003.","Herbarium, 1888-1995"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Subseries"],"unitid_ssm":["Folder 11-13","/repositories/4/archival_objects/33328"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":1400,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The entire collection is open for research except for the following:\n\n  Boxes 180-181: Personal correspondence\n  Boxes 213-214: Manuscript of \"Brazil: Orchid of the Tropics\"\n"],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder."],"date_range_isim":[1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970],"containers_ssim":["box 55","folder 11-13"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#83/components#1","_nest_parent_":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_52820","_root_":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","timestamp":"2026-07-11T02:53:59.490Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","title_ssm":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection"],"title_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection"],"ead_ssi":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","unitdate_ssm":["1754-2014"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1754-2014"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 068","/repositories/4/resources/148"],"text":["SC 068","/repositories/4/resources/148","Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014","Marineland (Fla.)","Botany","Botany -- Brazil","Bromeliaceae","Bromelin","Cooking (Pineapples)","Pineapple","Plant hybridization","botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)","The entire collection is open for research except for the following:\n Boxes 180-181: Personal correspondence Boxes 213-214: Manuscript of \"Brazil: Orchid of the Tropics\"","The collection is divided into eight series by type of file.","Michael A. Spencer was born in Orlando and grew up in Winter Garden, Florida. He worked at Sand Hill Nursery near Lake Avalon and the Land of Bromeliads in Gotha before finding employment with Julian Nally. After the Nally estate was sold, Spencer worked for Racine Foster at Bromel-La. He graduated from UCF in 1990 summa cum laude with a BA in Liberal Studies and then found employment with Lyman B. Smith at the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History. Michael Spencer named a genus of bromeliads \"Racinaea\" in honor of Racine Foster. While engaged in his research, Spencer amassed this collection of materials concerning bromeliads and their collectors. He now lives in Frederick, Maryland where he has served on the Historic Preservation Commission since 2004.","Materials were rehoused in pH neutral folders and cartons. Photographs, negatives and slides were enclosed in polyester sleeves. Many of the materials were well organized and the arrangement was retained. The remainder were arranged by following the original arrangement as far as possible. Notes on folders were retained in the new folder. Paper clips were replaced with plastic clips or materials that belonged together were held together in a pH neutral paper sleeve. Loose-leaf notebooks that were badly rusted were discarded and the contents placed in folders. Items loose in the back of notebooks were foldered separately and marked accordingly. Notes from a film canister were written exactly as found as the label could not be removed. Albums falling apart were taken apart and foldered. Albums in reasonable condition had the photographs attached properly with corners and the pages interleaved to prevent sticking. Loose album pages in the Foster subseries on Plant Information were merely foldered as they were not in an album and were found without context. Collecion rehoused and finding aid revised by Chynna Thomas in 2023.","A large book collection accompanies this collection and may be accessed by performing a series search \"Michael A. Spencer Collection\" in the UCF Library  Online Catalog .  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Julian Nally ,  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Theodore Mead ,  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Henry Nehrling  and the  Henry Nehrling Papers  are also available in Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries. Some paintings by Mulford Foster are held at the  Harry P. Leu Gardens . The  Henry Nehrling Collection  and the  Theodore L. Mead Collection  are held at Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida. Lyman Smith's Papers are held at the  Smithsonian Institution Archives .","Series I: Mulford and Racine Foster Files, 1910-1991 documents the work of these two individuals in discovering and propagating bromeliads. Correspondence, publications, notebooks, drawings, research materials, memorabilia and photographs show all aspects of their work including plant collecting, landscape designing and publishing. Photographs may be black and white or color prints, negatives or slides. Additional materials about the Fosters may be found in Series II and III.","\nSeries II: Subject Files, 1880-2003 contains catalogues, journals, photographs, memorabilia and correspondence that Michael Spencer brought together under his chosen subject headings and arranged alphabetically. Many of the materials in this series originally came from Mulford and Racine Foster, which means that there is some overlap with the previous series. Spencer's own collecting interest lay in documenting the importance of bromeliads in society, and he collected many common items that showed bromeliads, especially pineapples.","\nSeries III: Author Files, 1754-1997 includes a variety of media used for research, such as articles, books, magazines, newspaper clippings, and photographs. There are a significant number of materials authored by Mulford and Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith, including original manuscripts.","\nSeries IV: Plants by Family Files, 1908-1990 contains alphabetical files on plant families, which include newspaper clippings, books and other research materials.","\nSeries V: Natural History Files, 1853-1997 holds alphabetical files on a wide range of natural history topics including plant societies, authors, drugs and diseases. The files contain published materials, photocopies, web resources, plant and geological samples that document's Michael's Spencer's considerable research interests.","\nSeries VI: Medicinal Files, 1988-1996 contains alphabetical files on diseases and therapies. Not all these files relate to plants though many of them concern natural therapies.","\nSeries VII: Lyman Smith Files: 1905-1994 holds alphabetical files that belonged to Lyman B. Smith. His notebooks, manscripts, teaching materials and correspondence may all be found here.","\nSeries VIII: Personal Files, 1863-2014 contains alphabetical files showing Spencer's interest in collecting books and his wide interests. Materials that do not clearly belong in the other series may be found here.","Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder.","Michael A. Spencer assembled this collection of publications, photographs, drawings, correspondence programs and other materials focusing on the discovery, taxonomy and cultivation of bromeliads. Mulford B. Foster, Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith are among the significant bromeliad collectors whose work is documented here.","UCF Special Collections","Bromeliad Society","Spencer, Michael A.","Smith, Lyman B.","Foster, Mulford B. (Mulford Bateman), 1888-1978","Foster, Racine, 1910-1991","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 068","/repositories/4/resources/148"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1754-2014"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014"],"collection_title_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014"],"collection_ssim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Marineland (Fla.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Marineland (Fla.)"],"creator_ssm":["Spencer, Michael A."],"creator_ssim":["Spencer, Michael A."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Spencer, Michael A."],"creators_ssim":["Spencer, Michael A."],"places_ssim":["Marineland (Fla.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Some of these materials were donated to and others were purchased by the University of Central Florida Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives from Michael A. Spencer in 2006 (CFM2006_09), 2011 (CFM2011_02), 2012 (CFM2012_10), and 2014 (CFM2014_01)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Botany","Botany -- Brazil","Bromeliaceae","Bromelin","Cooking (Pineapples)","Pineapple","Plant hybridization","botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Botany","Botany -- Brazil","Bromeliaceae","Bromelin","Cooking (Pineapples)","Pineapple","Plant hybridization","botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["130 Linear Feet 259 boxes, 2 flat files"],"extent_tesim":["130 Linear Feet 259 boxes, 2 flat files"],"genreform_ssim":["botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)"],"date_range_isim":[1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research except for the following:\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eBoxes 180-181: Personal correspondence\u003c/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eBoxes 213-214: Manuscript of \"Brazil: Orchid of the Tropics\"\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research except for the following:\n Boxes 180-181: Personal correspondence Boxes 213-214: Manuscript of \"Brazil: Orchid of the Tropics\""],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into eight series by type of file.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into eight series by type of file."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMichael A. Spencer was born in Orlando and grew up in Winter Garden, Florida. He worked at Sand Hill Nursery near Lake Avalon and the Land of Bromeliads in Gotha before finding employment with Julian Nally. After the Nally estate was sold, Spencer worked for Racine Foster at Bromel-La. He graduated from UCF in 1990 summa cum laude with a BA in Liberal Studies and then found employment with Lyman B. Smith at the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History. Michael Spencer named a genus of bromeliads \"Racinaea\" in honor of Racine Foster. While engaged in his research, Spencer amassed this collection of materials concerning bromeliads and their collectors. He now lives in Frederick, Maryland where he has served on the Historic Preservation Commission since 2004.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer was born in Orlando and grew up in Winter Garden, Florida. He worked at Sand Hill Nursery near Lake Avalon and the Land of Bromeliads in Gotha before finding employment with Julian Nally. After the Nally estate was sold, Spencer worked for Racine Foster at Bromel-La. He graduated from UCF in 1990 summa cum laude with a BA in Liberal Studies and then found employment with Lyman B. Smith at the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History. Michael Spencer named a genus of bromeliads \"Racinaea\" in honor of Racine Foster. While engaged in his research, Spencer amassed this collection of materials concerning bromeliads and their collectors. He now lives in Frederick, Maryland where he has served on the Historic Preservation Commission since 2004."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMichael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials were rehoused in pH neutral folders and cartons. Photographs, negatives and slides were enclosed in polyester sleeves. Many of the materials were well organized and the arrangement was retained. The remainder were arranged by following the original arrangement as far as possible. Notes on folders were retained in the new folder. Paper clips were replaced with plastic clips or materials that belonged together were held together in a pH neutral paper sleeve. Loose-leaf notebooks that were badly rusted were discarded and the contents placed in folders. Items loose in the back of notebooks were foldered separately and marked accordingly. Notes from a film canister were written exactly as found as the label could not be removed. Albums falling apart were taken apart and foldered. Albums in reasonable condition had the photographs attached properly with corners and the pages interleaved to prevent sticking. Loose album pages in the Foster subseries on Plant Information were merely foldered as they were not in an album and were found without context. Collecion rehoused and finding aid revised by Chynna Thomas in 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Materials were rehoused in pH neutral folders and cartons. Photographs, negatives and slides were enclosed in polyester sleeves. Many of the materials were well organized and the arrangement was retained. The remainder were arranged by following the original arrangement as far as possible. Notes on folders were retained in the new folder. Paper clips were replaced with plastic clips or materials that belonged together were held together in a pH neutral paper sleeve. Loose-leaf notebooks that were badly rusted were discarded and the contents placed in folders. Items loose in the back of notebooks were foldered separately and marked accordingly. Notes from a film canister were written exactly as found as the label could not be removed. Albums falling apart were taken apart and foldered. Albums in reasonable condition had the photographs attached properly with corners and the pages interleaved to prevent sticking. Loose album pages in the Foster subseries on Plant Information were merely foldered as they were not in an album and were found without context. Collecion rehoused and finding aid revised by Chynna Thomas in 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA large book collection accompanies this collection and may be accessed by performing a series search \"Michael A. Spencer Collection\" in the UCF Library \u003cextref href=\"https://library.ucf.edu\"\u003eOnline Catalog\u003c/extref\u003e. \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2006-08c\"\u003eMichael A. Spencer Collection on Julian Nally\u003c/extref\u003e, \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2006-08b\"\u003eMichael A. Spencer Collection on Theodore Mead\u003c/extref\u003e, \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2006-08a\"\u003eMichael A. Spencer Collection on Henry Nehrling\u003c/extref\u003e and the \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM1999-03\"\u003eHenry Nehrling Papers\u003c/extref\u003e are also available in Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries. Some paintings by Mulford Foster are held at the \u003cextref href=\"http://www.leugardens.org/\"\u003eHarry P. Leu Gardens\u003c/extref\u003e. The \u003cextref href=\"https://aspace.rollins.edu/repositories/2/resources/4\"\u003eHenry Nehrling Collection\u003c/extref\u003e and the \u003cextref href=\"https://aspace.rollins.edu/repositories/2/resources/97\"\u003eTheodore L. Mead Collection\u003c/extref\u003e are held at Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida. Lyman Smith's Papers are held at the \u003cextref href=\"http://siarchives.si.edu/\"\u003eSmithsonian Institution Archives\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["A large book collection accompanies this collection and may be accessed by performing a series search \"Michael A. Spencer Collection\" in the UCF Library  Online Catalog .  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Julian Nally ,  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Theodore Mead ,  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Henry Nehrling  and the  Henry Nehrling Papers  are also available in Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries. Some paintings by Mulford Foster are held at the  Harry P. Leu Gardens . The  Henry Nehrling Collection  and the  Theodore L. Mead Collection  are held at Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida. Lyman Smith's Papers are held at the  Smithsonian Institution Archives ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Mulford and Racine Foster Files, 1910-1991 documents the work of these two individuals in discovering and propagating bromeliads. Correspondence, publications, notebooks, drawings, research materials, memorabilia and photographs show all aspects of their work including plant collecting, landscape designing and publishing. Photographs may be black and white or color prints, negatives or slides. Additional materials about the Fosters may be found in Series II and III.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries II: Subject Files, 1880-2003 contains catalogues, journals, photographs, memorabilia and correspondence that Michael Spencer brought together under his chosen subject headings and arranged alphabetically. Many of the materials in this series originally came from Mulford and Racine Foster, which means that there is some overlap with the previous series. Spencer's own collecting interest lay in documenting the importance of bromeliads in society, and he collected many common items that showed bromeliads, especially pineapples.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries III: Author Files, 1754-1997 includes a variety of media used for research, such as articles, books, magazines, newspaper clippings, and photographs. There are a significant number of materials authored by Mulford and Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith, including original manuscripts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries IV: Plants by Family Files, 1908-1990 contains alphabetical files on plant families, which include newspaper clippings, books and other research materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries V: Natural History Files, 1853-1997 holds alphabetical files on a wide range of natural history topics including plant societies, authors, drugs and diseases. The files contain published materials, photocopies, web resources, plant and geological samples that document's Michael's Spencer's considerable research interests.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VI: Medicinal Files, 1988-1996 contains alphabetical files on diseases and therapies. Not all these files relate to plants though many of them concern natural therapies.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VII: Lyman Smith Files: 1905-1994 holds alphabetical files that belonged to Lyman B. Smith. His notebooks, manscripts, teaching materials and correspondence may all be found here.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VIII: Personal Files, 1863-2014 contains alphabetical files showing Spencer's interest in collecting books and his wide interests. Materials that do not clearly belong in the other series may be found here.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Series I: Mulford and Racine Foster Files, 1910-1991 documents the work of these two individuals in discovering and propagating bromeliads. Correspondence, publications, notebooks, drawings, research materials, memorabilia and photographs show all aspects of their work including plant collecting, landscape designing and publishing. Photographs may be black and white or color prints, negatives or slides. Additional materials about the Fosters may be found in Series II and III.","\nSeries II: Subject Files, 1880-2003 contains catalogues, journals, photographs, memorabilia and correspondence that Michael Spencer brought together under his chosen subject headings and arranged alphabetically. Many of the materials in this series originally came from Mulford and Racine Foster, which means that there is some overlap with the previous series. Spencer's own collecting interest lay in documenting the importance of bromeliads in society, and he collected many common items that showed bromeliads, especially pineapples.","\nSeries III: Author Files, 1754-1997 includes a variety of media used for research, such as articles, books, magazines, newspaper clippings, and photographs. There are a significant number of materials authored by Mulford and Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith, including original manuscripts.","\nSeries IV: Plants by Family Files, 1908-1990 contains alphabetical files on plant families, which include newspaper clippings, books and other research materials.","\nSeries V: Natural History Files, 1853-1997 holds alphabetical files on a wide range of natural history topics including plant societies, authors, drugs and diseases. The files contain published materials, photocopies, web resources, plant and geological samples that document's Michael's Spencer's considerable research interests.","\nSeries VI: Medicinal Files, 1988-1996 contains alphabetical files on diseases and therapies. Not all these files relate to plants though many of them concern natural therapies.","\nSeries VII: Lyman Smith Files: 1905-1994 holds alphabetical files that belonged to Lyman B. Smith. His notebooks, manscripts, teaching materials and correspondence may all be found here.","\nSeries VIII: Personal Files, 1863-2014 contains alphabetical files showing Spencer's interest in collecting books and his wide interests. Materials that do not clearly belong in the other series may be found here."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Copyright Statement"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_8e33310d6b1a70e4d88f1e2d3043cf71\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eMichael A. Spencer assembled this collection of publications, photographs, drawings, correspondence programs and other materials focusing on the discovery, taxonomy and cultivation of bromeliads. Mulford B. Foster, Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith are among the significant bromeliad collectors whose work is documented here.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer assembled this collection of publications, photographs, drawings, correspondence programs and other materials focusing on the discovery, taxonomy and cultivation of bromeliads. Mulford B. Foster, Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith are among the significant bromeliad collectors whose work is documented here."],"names_coll_ssim":["Bromeliad Society","Smith, Lyman B.","Foster, Mulford B. (Mulford Bateman), 1888-1978","Foster, Racine, 1910-1991"],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Bromeliad Society","Spencer, Michael A.","Smith, Lyman B.","Foster, Mulford B. (Mulford Bateman), 1888-1978","Foster, Racine, 1910-1991"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Bromeliad Society"],"persname_ssim":["Spencer, Michael A.","Smith, Lyman B.","Foster, Mulford B. (Mulford Bateman), 1888-1978","Foster, Racine, 1910-1991"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3662,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","timestamp":"2026-07-11T02:53:59.490Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_52823"}},{"id":"f6bf64b3b40806d504e1f1e8","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Spessard Lindsey Holland Papers, 1892-1971","creator":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/f6bf64b3b40806d504e1f1e8#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["Holland, Spessard L. (Spessard Lindsey) 1892-1971"],"label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/f6bf64b3b40806d504e1f1e8#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eThe Spessard Lindsey Holland collection consists primarily of the personal correspondence, photographs, campaign materials, individual files, Floridiana, and memorabilia such as various awards and certificates, plaques, and miscellaneous novelty items. The collection has materials dated from the 1890s to the early 1970s with the majority of the collection dated after the 1930s. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/f6bf64b3b40806d504e1f1e8#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"f6bf64b3b40806d504e1f1e8","title_ssm":["Spessard Lindsey Holland Papers"],"title_tesim":["Spessard Lindsey Holland Papers"],"ead_ssi":"f6bf64b3b40806d504e1f1e8","unitdate_ssm":["1892-1971"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1892-1971"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 76-5","/repositories/10/resources/409"],"text":["MSS 76-5","/repositories/10/resources/409","Spessard Lindsey Holland Papers, 1892-1971","Everglades National Park (Fla.)","Holland Family--Archives","National rivers","Freemasonry","World War, 1914-1918","Florida--Politics and government","Florida. Governor (1941-1945 : Holland)","Correspondence","Legal documents.","Photographs","Speeches, addresses, etc.","Collection is open to all researchers. Users may access this collection at the Claude Pepper Library.","Spessard Lindsey Holland, 28th Governor of Florida (January 1941-January 1945) was born in Bartow, Florida on July 10, 1892, to Benjamin F. and Virginia (Spessard) Holland. He graduated from Emory College (now Emory University) in 1912 and the University of Florida Law School in 1916. Holland served in World War I as a member of the Army Air Corps, and he held the rank of Captain by the end of the war.\n Throughout his professional career, Holland worked as a school teacher, citrus grower, and attorney before entering the political arena. He was elected to State Senate in 1932 and served until his election as governor in 1941. He was appointed to United States Senate in September 1946 and later successfully ran for that office serving a total of four six-year terms.\n Holland died in Bartow on November 6, 1971. A more detailed biography including many of his legislative activities can be found in the biographical materials contained within this collection.","Processed January 1978","The Spessard Lindsey Holland collection consists primarily of the personal correspondence, photographs, campaign materials, individual files, Floridiana, and memorabilia such as various awards and certificates, plaques, and miscellaneous novelty items. The collection has materials dated from the 1890s to the early 1970s with the majority of the collection dated after the 1930s.\n \tBiographical materials on the former Governor and U.S. Senator can be found in this collection as well as various papers and correspondence during his terms in both of these offices. Also included are speeches, tax records, recordings and photographs, presentations, memberships, Holland Family papers and correspondence, as well as over 170 books that belonged to the Hollands.","Select materials from the Holland Papers have been digitized and are available through the  FSU Digital Library .","All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.","Claude Pepper Library.","FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Air Force Association","Alpha Tau Omega","American Bar Association","American Legion","American Sugar Cane League","Military Order of the World Wars","Orange Bowl Committee","National Geographic Society (U.S.)","Florida Bar","Florida Historical Society","Florida. Governor","National Audubon Society","Phi Beta Kappa","Holland, Spessard L. (Spessard Lindsey) 1892-1971","Holland, Spessard L. (Spessard Lindsey), 1892-1971","Butler, James Turner, 1882-1969","Chiles, Lawton, 1930-1998","McRae, William A., Jr., 1909-1973","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 76-5","/repositories/10/resources/409"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1892-1971"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Spessard Lindsey Holland Papers, 1892-1971"],"collection_title_tesim":["Spessard Lindsey Holland Papers, 1892-1971"],"collection_ssim":["Spessard Lindsey Holland Papers, 1892-1971"],"repository_ssm":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Everglades National Park (Fla.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Everglades National Park (Fla.)"],"creator_ssm":["Holland, Spessard L. (Spessard Lindsey) 1892-1971"],"creator_ssim":["Holland, Spessard L. (Spessard Lindsey) 1892-1971"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Holland, Spessard L. (Spessard Lindsey) 1892-1971"],"creators_ssim":["Holland, Spessard L. (Spessard Lindsey) 1892-1971"],"places_ssim":["Everglades National Park (Fla.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of the Holland Family"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Holland Family--Archives","National rivers","Freemasonry","World War, 1914-1918","Florida--Politics and government","Florida. Governor (1941-1945 : Holland)","Correspondence","Legal documents.","Photographs","Speeches, addresses, etc."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Holland Family--Archives","National rivers","Freemasonry","World War, 1914-1918","Florida--Politics and government","Florida. Governor (1941-1945 : Holland)","Correspondence","Legal documents.","Photographs","Speeches, addresses, etc."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["47 boxes","23.1875 Linear Feet (54 containers)"],"extent_tesim":["47 boxes","23.1875 Linear Feet (54 containers)"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Legal documents.","Photographs","Speeches, addresses, etc."],"date_range_isim":[1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Users may access this collection at the Claude Pepper Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Users may access this collection at the Claude Pepper Library."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSpessard Lindsey Holland, 28th Governor of Florida (January 1941-January 1945) was born in Bartow, Florida on July 10, 1892, to Benjamin F. and Virginia (Spessard) Holland. He graduated from Emory College (now Emory University) in 1912 and the University of Florida Law School in 1916. Holland served in World War I as a member of the Army Air Corps, and he held the rank of Captain by the end of the war.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThroughout his professional career, Holland worked as a school teacher, citrus grower, and attorney before entering the political arena. He was elected to State Senate in 1932 and served until his election as governor in 1941. He was appointed to United States Senate in September 1946 and later successfully ran for that office serving a total of four six-year terms.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHolland died in Bartow on November 6, 1971. A more detailed biography including many of his legislative activities can be found in the biographical materials contained within this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Spessard Lindsey Holland, 28th Governor of Florida (January 1941-January 1945) was born in Bartow, Florida on July 10, 1892, to Benjamin F. and Virginia (Spessard) Holland. He graduated from Emory College (now Emory University) in 1912 and the University of Florida Law School in 1916. Holland served in World War I as a member of the Army Air Corps, and he held the rank of Captain by the end of the war.\n Throughout his professional career, Holland worked as a school teacher, citrus grower, and attorney before entering the political arena. He was elected to State Senate in 1932 and served until his election as governor in 1941. He was appointed to United States Senate in September 1946 and later successfully ran for that office serving a total of four six-year terms.\n Holland died in Bartow on November 6, 1971. A more detailed biography including many of his legislative activities can be found in the biographical materials contained within this collection."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Title of Item], [Date of Item], Spessard Lindsey Holland Papers, The Claude Pepper Library, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Title of Item], [Date of Item], Spessard Lindsey Holland Papers, The Claude Pepper Library, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed January 1978\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed January 1978"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Spessard Lindsey Holland collection consists primarily of the personal correspondence, photographs, campaign materials, individual files, Floridiana, and memorabilia such as various awards and certificates, plaques, and miscellaneous novelty items. The collection has materials dated from the 1890s to the early 1970s with the majority of the collection dated after the 1930s.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\tBiographical materials on the former Governor and U.S. Senator can be found in this collection as well as various papers and correspondence during his terms in both of these offices. Also included are speeches, tax records, recordings and photographs, presentations, memberships, Holland Family papers and correspondence, as well as over 170 books that belonged to the Hollands.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSelect materials from the Holland Papers have been digitized and are available through the \u003cextref href=\"https://diginole.lib.fsu.edu/islandora/object/fsu:spessardlindseyhollandpapers\"\u003eFSU Digital Library\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Online Copies Available"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Spessard Lindsey Holland collection consists primarily of the personal correspondence, photographs, campaign materials, individual files, Floridiana, and memorabilia such as various awards and certificates, plaques, and miscellaneous novelty items. The collection has materials dated from the 1890s to the early 1970s with the majority of the collection dated after the 1930s.\n \tBiographical materials on the former Governor and U.S. Senator can be found in this collection as well as various papers and correspondence during his terms in both of these offices. Also included are speeches, tax records, recordings and photographs, presentations, memberships, Holland Family papers and correspondence, as well as over 170 books that belonged to the Hollands.","Select materials from the Holland Papers have been digitized and are available through the  FSU Digital Library ."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_72f388e800102079ce39bb1a40399051\"\u003eClaude Pepper Library.\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Claude Pepper Library."],"names_coll_ssim":["Air Force Association","Alpha Tau Omega","American Bar Association","American Legion","American Sugar Cane League","Military Order of the World Wars","Orange Bowl Committee","National Geographic Society (U.S.)","Florida Bar","Florida Historical Society","Florida. Governor","National Audubon Society","Phi Beta Kappa","Holland, Spessard L. (Spessard Lindsey), 1892-1971","Butler, James Turner, 1882-1969","Chiles, Lawton, 1930-1998","McRae, William A., Jr., 1909-1973","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945"],"names_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Air Force Association","Alpha Tau Omega","American Bar Association","American Legion","American Sugar Cane League","Military Order of the World Wars","Orange Bowl Committee","National Geographic Society (U.S.)","Florida Bar","Florida Historical Society","Florida. Governor","National Audubon Society","Phi Beta Kappa","Holland, Spessard L. (Spessard Lindsey) 1892-1971","Holland, Spessard L. (Spessard Lindsey), 1892-1971","Butler, James Turner, 1882-1969","Chiles, Lawton, 1930-1998","McRae, William A., Jr., 1909-1973","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945"],"corpname_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Air Force Association","Alpha Tau Omega","American Bar Association","American Legion","American Sugar Cane League","Military Order of the World Wars","Orange Bowl Committee","National Geographic Society (U.S.)","Florida Bar","Florida Historical Society","Florida. 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(Franklin Delano), 1882-1945"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":574,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870858768767516672,"_root_":"f6bf64b3b40806d504e1f1e8","timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:19:17.376Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"f6bf64b3b40806d504e1f1e8","title_ssm":["Spessard Lindsey Holland Papers"],"title_tesim":["Spessard Lindsey Holland Papers"],"ead_ssi":"f6bf64b3b40806d504e1f1e8","unitdate_ssm":["1892-1971"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1892-1971"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 76-5","/repositories/10/resources/409"],"text":["MSS 76-5","/repositories/10/resources/409","Spessard Lindsey Holland Papers, 1892-1971","Everglades National Park (Fla.)","Holland Family--Archives","National rivers","Freemasonry","World War, 1914-1918","Florida--Politics and government","Florida. Governor (1941-1945 : Holland)","Correspondence","Legal documents.","Photographs","Speeches, addresses, etc.","Collection is open to all researchers. Users may access this collection at the Claude Pepper Library.","Spessard Lindsey Holland, 28th Governor of Florida (January 1941-January 1945) was born in Bartow, Florida on July 10, 1892, to Benjamin F. and Virginia (Spessard) Holland. He graduated from Emory College (now Emory University) in 1912 and the University of Florida Law School in 1916. Holland served in World War I as a member of the Army Air Corps, and he held the rank of Captain by the end of the war.\n Throughout his professional career, Holland worked as a school teacher, citrus grower, and attorney before entering the political arena. He was elected to State Senate in 1932 and served until his election as governor in 1941. He was appointed to United States Senate in September 1946 and later successfully ran for that office serving a total of four six-year terms.\n Holland died in Bartow on November 6, 1971. A more detailed biography including many of his legislative activities can be found in the biographical materials contained within this collection.","Processed January 1978","The Spessard Lindsey Holland collection consists primarily of the personal correspondence, photographs, campaign materials, individual files, Floridiana, and memorabilia such as various awards and certificates, plaques, and miscellaneous novelty items. The collection has materials dated from the 1890s to the early 1970s with the majority of the collection dated after the 1930s.\n \tBiographical materials on the former Governor and U.S. Senator can be found in this collection as well as various papers and correspondence during his terms in both of these offices. Also included are speeches, tax records, recordings and photographs, presentations, memberships, Holland Family papers and correspondence, as well as over 170 books that belonged to the Hollands.","Select materials from the Holland Papers have been digitized and are available through the  FSU Digital Library .","All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.","Claude Pepper Library.","FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Air Force Association","Alpha Tau Omega","American Bar Association","American Legion","American Sugar Cane League","Military Order of the World Wars","Orange Bowl Committee","National Geographic Society (U.S.)","Florida Bar","Florida Historical Society","Florida. Governor","National Audubon Society","Phi Beta Kappa","Holland, Spessard L. (Spessard Lindsey) 1892-1971","Holland, Spessard L. (Spessard Lindsey), 1892-1971","Butler, James Turner, 1882-1969","Chiles, Lawton, 1930-1998","McRae, William A., Jr., 1909-1973","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 76-5","/repositories/10/resources/409"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1892-1971"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Spessard Lindsey Holland Papers, 1892-1971"],"collection_title_tesim":["Spessard Lindsey Holland Papers, 1892-1971"],"collection_ssim":["Spessard Lindsey Holland Papers, 1892-1971"],"repository_ssm":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Everglades National Park (Fla.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Everglades National Park (Fla.)"],"creator_ssm":["Holland, Spessard L. (Spessard Lindsey) 1892-1971"],"creator_ssim":["Holland, Spessard L. (Spessard Lindsey) 1892-1971"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Holland, Spessard L. (Spessard Lindsey) 1892-1971"],"creators_ssim":["Holland, Spessard L. (Spessard Lindsey) 1892-1971"],"places_ssim":["Everglades National Park (Fla.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of the Holland Family"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Holland Family--Archives","National rivers","Freemasonry","World War, 1914-1918","Florida--Politics and government","Florida. Governor (1941-1945 : Holland)","Correspondence","Legal documents.","Photographs","Speeches, addresses, etc."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Holland Family--Archives","National rivers","Freemasonry","World War, 1914-1918","Florida--Politics and government","Florida. Governor (1941-1945 : Holland)","Correspondence","Legal documents.","Photographs","Speeches, addresses, etc."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["47 boxes","23.1875 Linear Feet (54 containers)"],"extent_tesim":["47 boxes","23.1875 Linear Feet (54 containers)"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Legal documents.","Photographs","Speeches, addresses, etc."],"date_range_isim":[1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Users may access this collection at the Claude Pepper Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Users may access this collection at the Claude Pepper Library."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSpessard Lindsey Holland, 28th Governor of Florida (January 1941-January 1945) was born in Bartow, Florida on July 10, 1892, to Benjamin F. and Virginia (Spessard) Holland. He graduated from Emory College (now Emory University) in 1912 and the University of Florida Law School in 1916. Holland served in World War I as a member of the Army Air Corps, and he held the rank of Captain by the end of the war.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThroughout his professional career, Holland worked as a school teacher, citrus grower, and attorney before entering the political arena. He was elected to State Senate in 1932 and served until his election as governor in 1941. He was appointed to United States Senate in September 1946 and later successfully ran for that office serving a total of four six-year terms.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHolland died in Bartow on November 6, 1971. A more detailed biography including many of his legislative activities can be found in the biographical materials contained within this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Spessard Lindsey Holland, 28th Governor of Florida (January 1941-January 1945) was born in Bartow, Florida on July 10, 1892, to Benjamin F. and Virginia (Spessard) Holland. He graduated from Emory College (now Emory University) in 1912 and the University of Florida Law School in 1916. Holland served in World War I as a member of the Army Air Corps, and he held the rank of Captain by the end of the war.\n Throughout his professional career, Holland worked as a school teacher, citrus grower, and attorney before entering the political arena. He was elected to State Senate in 1932 and served until his election as governor in 1941. He was appointed to United States Senate in September 1946 and later successfully ran for that office serving a total of four six-year terms.\n Holland died in Bartow on November 6, 1971. A more detailed biography including many of his legislative activities can be found in the biographical materials contained within this collection."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Title of Item], [Date of Item], Spessard Lindsey Holland Papers, The Claude Pepper Library, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Title of Item], [Date of Item], Spessard Lindsey Holland Papers, The Claude Pepper Library, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed January 1978\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed January 1978"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Spessard Lindsey Holland collection consists primarily of the personal correspondence, photographs, campaign materials, individual files, Floridiana, and memorabilia such as various awards and certificates, plaques, and miscellaneous novelty items. The collection has materials dated from the 1890s to the early 1970s with the majority of the collection dated after the 1930s.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\tBiographical materials on the former Governor and U.S. Senator can be found in this collection as well as various papers and correspondence during his terms in both of these offices. Also included are speeches, tax records, recordings and photographs, presentations, memberships, Holland Family papers and correspondence, as well as over 170 books that belonged to the Hollands.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSelect materials from the Holland Papers have been digitized and are available through the \u003cextref href=\"https://diginole.lib.fsu.edu/islandora/object/fsu:spessardlindseyhollandpapers\"\u003eFSU Digital Library\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Online Copies Available"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Spessard Lindsey Holland collection consists primarily of the personal correspondence, photographs, campaign materials, individual files, Floridiana, and memorabilia such as various awards and certificates, plaques, and miscellaneous novelty items. The collection has materials dated from the 1890s to the early 1970s with the majority of the collection dated after the 1930s.\n \tBiographical materials on the former Governor and U.S. Senator can be found in this collection as well as various papers and correspondence during his terms in both of these offices. Also included are speeches, tax records, recordings and photographs, presentations, memberships, Holland Family papers and correspondence, as well as over 170 books that belonged to the Hollands.","Select materials from the Holland Papers have been digitized and are available through the  FSU Digital Library ."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_72f388e800102079ce39bb1a40399051\"\u003eClaude Pepper Library.\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Claude Pepper Library."],"names_coll_ssim":["Air Force Association","Alpha Tau Omega","American Bar Association","American Legion","American Sugar Cane League","Military Order of the World Wars","Orange Bowl Committee","National Geographic Society (U.S.)","Florida Bar","Florida Historical Society","Florida. Governor","National Audubon Society","Phi Beta Kappa","Holland, Spessard L. (Spessard Lindsey), 1892-1971","Butler, James Turner, 1882-1969","Chiles, Lawton, 1930-1998","McRae, William A., Jr., 1909-1973","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945"],"names_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Air Force Association","Alpha Tau Omega","American Bar Association","American Legion","American Sugar Cane League","Military Order of the World Wars","Orange Bowl Committee","National Geographic Society (U.S.)","Florida Bar","Florida Historical Society","Florida. Governor","National Audubon Society","Phi Beta Kappa","Holland, Spessard L. (Spessard Lindsey) 1892-1971","Holland, Spessard L. (Spessard Lindsey), 1892-1971","Butler, James Turner, 1882-1969","Chiles, Lawton, 1930-1998","McRae, William A., Jr., 1909-1973","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945"],"corpname_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Air Force Association","Alpha Tau Omega","American Bar Association","American Legion","American Sugar Cane League","Military Order of the World Wars","Orange Bowl Committee","National Geographic Society (U.S.)","Florida Bar","Florida Historical Society","Florida. Governor","National Audubon Society","Phi Beta Kappa"],"persname_ssim":["Holland, Spessard L. (Spessard Lindsey) 1892-1971","Holland, Spessard L. (Spessard Lindsey), 1892-1971","Butler, James Turner, 1882-1969","Chiles, Lawton, 1930-1998","McRae, William A., Jr., 1909-1973","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":574,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870858768767516672,"_root_":"f6bf64b3b40806d504e1f1e8","timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:19:17.376Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/f6bf64b3b40806d504e1f1e8"}},{"id":"902144647c821663e750a519","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Sphere Magazine Collection, 1956-1966, Date acquired: 00/00/1983","creator":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/902144647c821663e750a519#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["Sphere Magazine"],"label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/902144647c821663e750a519#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eRecords and papers of Sphere magazine, a science fiction fan magazine published in Cantonment, Florida. Includes issues of the magazine, 1956-1959, and correspondence files with writers, subscribers and science fiction fans, 1958, 1960, 1966. Includes letters of Brian W. Aldiss and Leslyn MacDonald Macabee concerning their writing and comments on John W. Campbell, Robert A. Heinlein, Ray Bradbury, and others.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/902144647c821663e750a519#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"902144647c821663e750a519","title_ssm":["Sphere Magazine Collection"],"title_tesim":["Sphere Magazine Collection"],"ead_ssi":"902144647c821663e750a519","unitdate_ssm":["1956-1966","Date acquired: 00/00/1983"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1956-1966"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 00/00/1983"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M1984-11","/repositories/2/resources/270"],"text":["M1984-11","/repositories/2/resources/270","Sphere Magazine Collection, 1956-1966, Date acquired: 00/00/1983","Science fiction, American.","Science fiction--Periodicals.","Science-fiction writers of America--Correspondence.","Periodicals--Florida--Cantonment.","Open to researchers, dependent on our compliance with U.S. Copyright Law, HIPPA requirements, donor agreements and other applicable state and federal statutes.  Occasionally we may need to review a collection before permitting immediate access.","Cataloged 09/13/1984","Records and papers of Sphere magazine, a science fiction fan magazine published in Cantonment, Florida.  Includes issues of the magazine, 1956-1959, and correspondence files with writers, subscribers and science fiction fans, 1958, 1960, 1966.  Includes letters of Brian W. Aldiss and Leslyn MacDonald Macabee concerning their writing and comments on John W. Campbell, Robert A. Heinlein, Ray Bradbury, and others.","Digital photography, scanning, and photocopying of materials is prohibited.  Permission may be granted by the Special Collections Librarian for such reprography dependent on issues of copyright, ownership, condition, donor agreements, etc.  In general, staff do not make reproductions of copyright materials or materials for which title is not owned by the institution.  Recent revisions in the U.S. Copyright Law extended the copyright of correspondence, letters, and other personal papers to the life of the author plus seventy years.","Access should be cleard with Special Collections Librarian.","UWF University Archives and West Florida History Center","Sphere Magazine","Aldiss, Brian Wilson, 1925- --Correspondence.","Heinlein, Robert A., (Robert Anson, 1907-","Bradbury, Ray.","Campbell, John Wood, 1910-1971.","Macabee, Leslyn MacDonald--Correspondence.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["M1984-11","/repositories/2/resources/270"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1956-1966, Date acquired: 00/00/1983"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Sphere Magazine Collection, 1956-1966, Date acquired: 00/00/1983"],"collection_title_tesim":["Sphere Magazine Collection, 1956-1966, Date acquired: 00/00/1983"],"collection_ssim":["Sphere Magazine Collection, 1956-1966, Date acquired: 00/00/1983"],"repository_ssm":["UWF University Archives and West Florida History Center"],"repository_ssim":["UWF University Archives and West Florida History Center"],"creator_ssm":["Sphere Magazine"],"creator_ssim":["Sphere Magazine"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Sphere Magazine"],"creators_ssim":["Sphere Magazine"],"access_terms_ssm":["Digital photography, scanning, and photocopying of materials is prohibited.  Permission may be granted by the Special Collections Librarian for such reprography dependent on issues of copyright, ownership, condition, donor agreements, etc.  In general, staff do not make reproductions of copyright materials or materials for which title is not owned by the institution.  Recent revisions in the U.S. Copyright Law extended the copyright of correspondence, letters, and other personal papers to the life of the author plus seventy years.","Access should be cleard with Special Collections Librarian."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Science fiction, American.","Science fiction--Periodicals.","Science-fiction writers of America--Correspondence.","Periodicals--Florida--Cantonment."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Science fiction, American.","Science fiction--Periodicals.","Science-fiction writers of America--Correspondence.","Periodicals--Florida--Cantonment."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["111.00 items"],"extent_tesim":["111.00 items"],"genreform_ssim":["Periodicals--Florida--Cantonment."],"date_range_isim":[1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOpen to researchers, dependent on our compliance with U.S. Copyright Law, HIPPA requirements, donor agreements and other applicable state and federal statutes.  Occasionally we may need to review a collection before permitting immediate access.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Open to researchers, dependent on our compliance with U.S. Copyright Law, HIPPA requirements, donor agreements and other applicable state and federal statutes.  Occasionally we may need to review a collection before permitting immediate access."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCataloged 09/13/1984\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Cataloged 09/13/1984"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords and papers of Sphere magazine, a science fiction fan magazine published in Cantonment, Florida.  Includes issues of the magazine, 1956-1959, and correspondence files with writers, subscribers and science fiction fans, 1958, 1960, 1966.  Includes letters of Brian W. Aldiss and Leslyn MacDonald Macabee concerning their writing and comments on John W. Campbell, Robert A. Heinlein, Ray Bradbury, and others.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Records and papers of Sphere magazine, a science fiction fan magazine published in Cantonment, Florida.  Includes issues of the magazine, 1956-1959, and correspondence files with writers, subscribers and science fiction fans, 1958, 1960, 1966.  Includes letters of Brian W. Aldiss and Leslyn MacDonald Macabee concerning their writing and comments on John W. Campbell, Robert A. Heinlein, Ray Bradbury, and others."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDigital photography, scanning, and photocopying of materials is prohibited.  Permission may be granted by the Special Collections Librarian for such reprography dependent on issues of copyright, ownership, condition, donor agreements, etc.  In general, staff do not make reproductions of copyright materials or materials for which title is not owned by the institution.  Recent revisions in the U.S. Copyright Law extended the copyright of correspondence, letters, and other personal papers to the life of the author plus seventy years.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAccess should be cleard with Special Collections Librarian.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Digital photography, scanning, and photocopying of materials is prohibited.  Permission may be granted by the Special Collections Librarian for such reprography dependent on issues of copyright, ownership, condition, donor agreements, etc.  In general, staff do not make reproductions of copyright materials or materials for which title is not owned by the institution.  Recent revisions in the U.S. Copyright Law extended the copyright of correspondence, letters, and other personal papers to the life of the author plus seventy years.","Access should be cleard with Special Collections Librarian."],"names_ssim":["UWF University Archives and West Florida History Center","Sphere Magazine","Aldiss, Brian Wilson, 1925- --Correspondence.","Heinlein, Robert A., (Robert Anson, 1907-","Bradbury, Ray.","Campbell, John Wood, 1910-1971.","Macabee, Leslyn MacDonald--Correspondence."],"corpname_ssim":["UWF University Archives and West Florida History Center","Sphere Magazine"],"names_coll_ssim":["Aldiss, Brian Wilson, 1925- --Correspondence.","Heinlein, Robert A., (Robert Anson, 1907-","Bradbury, Ray.","Campbell, John Wood, 1910-1971.","Macabee, Leslyn MacDonald--Correspondence."],"persname_ssim":["Aldiss, Brian Wilson, 1925- --Correspondence.","Heinlein, Robert A., (Robert Anson, 1907-","Bradbury, Ray.","Campbell, John Wood, 1910-1971.","Macabee, Leslyn MacDonald--Correspondence."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"902144647c821663e750a519","timestamp":"2026-07-11T04:06:12.230Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"902144647c821663e750a519","title_ssm":["Sphere Magazine Collection"],"title_tesim":["Sphere Magazine Collection"],"ead_ssi":"902144647c821663e750a519","unitdate_ssm":["1956-1966","Date acquired: 00/00/1983"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1956-1966"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 00/00/1983"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M1984-11","/repositories/2/resources/270"],"text":["M1984-11","/repositories/2/resources/270","Sphere Magazine Collection, 1956-1966, Date acquired: 00/00/1983","Science fiction, American.","Science fiction--Periodicals.","Science-fiction writers of America--Correspondence.","Periodicals--Florida--Cantonment.","Open to researchers, dependent on our compliance with U.S. Copyright Law, HIPPA requirements, donor agreements and other applicable state and federal statutes.  Occasionally we may need to review a collection before permitting immediate access.","Cataloged 09/13/1984","Records and papers of Sphere magazine, a science fiction fan magazine published in Cantonment, Florida.  Includes issues of the magazine, 1956-1959, and correspondence files with writers, subscribers and science fiction fans, 1958, 1960, 1966.  Includes letters of Brian W. Aldiss and Leslyn MacDonald Macabee concerning their writing and comments on John W. Campbell, Robert A. Heinlein, Ray Bradbury, and others.","Digital photography, scanning, and photocopying of materials is prohibited.  Permission may be granted by the Special Collections Librarian for such reprography dependent on issues of copyright, ownership, condition, donor agreements, etc.  In general, staff do not make reproductions of copyright materials or materials for which title is not owned by the institution.  Recent revisions in the U.S. Copyright Law extended the copyright of correspondence, letters, and other personal papers to the life of the author plus seventy years.","Access should be cleard with Special Collections Librarian.","UWF University Archives and West Florida History Center","Sphere Magazine","Aldiss, Brian Wilson, 1925- --Correspondence.","Heinlein, Robert A., (Robert Anson, 1907-","Bradbury, Ray.","Campbell, John Wood, 1910-1971.","Macabee, Leslyn MacDonald--Correspondence.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["M1984-11","/repositories/2/resources/270"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1956-1966, Date acquired: 00/00/1983"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Sphere Magazine Collection, 1956-1966, Date acquired: 00/00/1983"],"collection_title_tesim":["Sphere Magazine Collection, 1956-1966, Date acquired: 00/00/1983"],"collection_ssim":["Sphere Magazine Collection, 1956-1966, Date acquired: 00/00/1983"],"repository_ssm":["UWF University Archives and West Florida History Center"],"repository_ssim":["UWF University Archives and West Florida History Center"],"creator_ssm":["Sphere Magazine"],"creator_ssim":["Sphere Magazine"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Sphere Magazine"],"creators_ssim":["Sphere Magazine"],"access_terms_ssm":["Digital photography, scanning, and photocopying of materials is prohibited.  Permission may be granted by the Special Collections Librarian for such reprography dependent on issues of copyright, ownership, condition, donor agreements, etc.  In general, staff do not make reproductions of copyright materials or materials for which title is not owned by the institution.  Recent revisions in the U.S. Copyright Law extended the copyright of correspondence, letters, and other personal papers to the life of the author plus seventy years.","Access should be cleard with Special Collections Librarian."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Science fiction, American.","Science fiction--Periodicals.","Science-fiction writers of America--Correspondence.","Periodicals--Florida--Cantonment."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Science fiction, American.","Science fiction--Periodicals.","Science-fiction writers of America--Correspondence.","Periodicals--Florida--Cantonment."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["111.00 items"],"extent_tesim":["111.00 items"],"genreform_ssim":["Periodicals--Florida--Cantonment."],"date_range_isim":[1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOpen to researchers, dependent on our compliance with U.S. Copyright Law, HIPPA requirements, donor agreements and other applicable state and federal statutes.  Occasionally we may need to review a collection before permitting immediate access.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Open to researchers, dependent on our compliance with U.S. Copyright Law, HIPPA requirements, donor agreements and other applicable state and federal statutes.  Occasionally we may need to review a collection before permitting immediate access."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCataloged 09/13/1984\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Cataloged 09/13/1984"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords and papers of Sphere magazine, a science fiction fan magazine published in Cantonment, Florida.  Includes issues of the magazine, 1956-1959, and correspondence files with writers, subscribers and science fiction fans, 1958, 1960, 1966.  Includes letters of Brian W. Aldiss and Leslyn MacDonald Macabee concerning their writing and comments on John W. Campbell, Robert A. Heinlein, Ray Bradbury, and others.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Records and papers of Sphere magazine, a science fiction fan magazine published in Cantonment, Florida.  Includes issues of the magazine, 1956-1959, and correspondence files with writers, subscribers and science fiction fans, 1958, 1960, 1966.  Includes letters of Brian W. Aldiss and Leslyn MacDonald Macabee concerning their writing and comments on John W. Campbell, Robert A. Heinlein, Ray Bradbury, and others."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDigital photography, scanning, and photocopying of materials is prohibited.  Permission may be granted by the Special Collections Librarian for such reprography dependent on issues of copyright, ownership, condition, donor agreements, etc.  In general, staff do not make reproductions of copyright materials or materials for which title is not owned by the institution.  Recent revisions in the U.S. Copyright Law extended the copyright of correspondence, letters, and other personal papers to the life of the author plus seventy years.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAccess should be cleard with Special Collections Librarian.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Digital photography, scanning, and photocopying of materials is prohibited.  Permission may be granted by the Special Collections Librarian for such reprography dependent on issues of copyright, ownership, condition, donor agreements, etc.  In general, staff do not make reproductions of copyright materials or materials for which title is not owned by the institution.  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