{"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1959\u0026page=80","prev":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1959\u0026page=79","next":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1959\u0026page=81","last":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1959\u0026page=395"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":80,"next_page":81,"prev_page":79,"total_pages":395,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":790,"total_count":3944,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"db1c2396ff96649adafd3788_aspace_4686b853eb4f931776a95a0ca98986f5","type":"Folder ","attributes":{"title":"Correspondence, 1951-2013","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/db1c2396ff96649adafd3788_aspace_4686b853eb4f931776a95a0ca98986f5#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_4686b853eb4f931776a95a0ca98986f5","ref_ssm":["aspace_4686b853eb4f931776a95a0ca98986f5","aspace_4686b853eb4f931776a95a0ca98986f5"],"id":"db1c2396ff96649adafd3788_aspace_4686b853eb4f931776a95a0ca98986f5","title_filing_ssi":"Correspondence","title_ssm":["Correspondence"],"title_tesim":["Correspondence"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1951-2013"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1951-2013"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Correspondence, 1951-2013"],"text":["Correspondence, 1951-2013","John Grannan collection, 1970s-2005, bulk 1975-2005","Florida Subject Files I, Adultery and Fornication-Florida Gay Conference","10","/repositories/2/archival_objects/143412","box 1","folder 9"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["db1c2396ff96649adafd3788","db1c2396ff96649adafd3788_aspace_80d15ec78a6857e308d187bc231be42b"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["John Grannan collection, 1970s-2005, bulk 1975-2005","Florida Subject Files I, Adultery and Fornication-Florida Gay Conference"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["John Grannan collection, 1970s-2005, bulk 1975-2005","Florida Subject Files I, Adultery and Fornication-Florida Gay Conference"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Box"],"unitid_ssm":["10","/repositories/2/archival_objects/143412"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["John Grannan collection, 1970s-2005, bulk 1975-2005"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Folder "],"level_ssim":["Folder "],"sort_isi":15,"parent_access_terms_tesm":["None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information."],"date_range_isim":[1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013],"containers_ssim":["box 1","folder 9"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#9","_nest_parent_":"db1c2396ff96649adafd3788_aspace_80d15ec78a6857e308d187bc231be42b","_root_":"db1c2396ff96649adafd3788","_version_":1872040144467394560,"timestamp":"2026-07-29T09:16:45.052Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"db1c2396ff96649adafd3788","title_ssm":["John Grannan collection"],"title_tesim":["John Grannan collection"],"ead_ssi":"db1c2396ff96649adafd3788","unitdate_ssm":["1970s-2005","1975-2005"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1975-2005"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1970s-2005"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-2021-04","/repositories/2/resources/591"],"text":["MS-2021-04","/repositories/2/resources/591","John Grannan collection, 1970s-2005, bulk 1975-2005","LGBTQ+","Lesbian and gay experience","Queer studies","Gay and lesbian dance parties","Queer studies -- United States -- History","Queer community ","LGBTQ+ activists","Queer identity ","HIV/AIDS","HIV/AIDS awareness","HIV-positive people","University of South Florida -- History","LGBTQ+ college students","College students -- Florida","Clubs -- Florida -- Tampa","Evidence of live pests upon accession.","Materials are arranged according to type, with attention to location and chronology within series.","John Aubrey Grannan was born in on February 16, 1947 in Orlando, Florida. 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While living there, he served as President of the Citrus County Historical Society and was an active volunteer in the community. Grannan passed away on January 31, 2018."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn Grannan collection, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["John Grannan collection, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe John Grannan collection consists of organizations records (including meeting minutes, administrative documents, financial records and expenditure reports), correspondence, photographs, programs, flyers, ephemera, publications, newspapers and news clippings, HIV/AIDS data and statistics, sexual wellness pamphlets, legislative files, and research files. The collection also includes a series of reel to reel audio tapes of Gay Space, a radio show produced by the USF Gay Coalition.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The John Grannan collection consists of organizations records (including meeting minutes, administrative documents, financial records and expenditure reports), correspondence, photographs, programs, flyers, ephemera, publications, newspapers and news clippings, HIV/AIDS data and statistics, sexual wellness pamphlets, legislative files, and research files. The collection also includes a series of reel to reel audio tapes of Gay Space, a radio show produced by the USF Gay Coalition."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBooks related to the archival collection are cataloged individually and shelved in the Queer Literature Collection. Titles and links to the catalog record are available on this finding aid via the Cataloged Publications series.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Books related to the archival collection are cataloged individually and shelved in the Queer Literature Collection. Titles and links to the catalog record are available on this finding aid via the Cataloged Publications series."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone.\u0026#xA0;The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.\u0026#xA0; Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at \u003cextref href=\"http://www.copyright.gov/\"\u003ehttp://www.copyright.gov/\u003c/extref\u003e for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ecb63e2df9d61ab1a2e884cdc2416dcc\"\u003eThe John Grannan collection includes personal and professional papers, including institutional and financial records, publications, and graphic materials. The collection reflects Grannan's role as a local and national LGBTQ+ activist, as well as his tenures in associated organizations. Grannan served as an officer for USF's Gay Coalition, the Tampa AIDS Network, and the Florida Task Force/Florida Gay Task Force. Related material to his service is represented. Other areas of emphasis include LGBTQ+ sexual wellness resources and the papers of support and health organizations for the queer community during the AIDS crisis (at both the national and state level). Additional subjects covered include Pride events, social clubs and outings for the LGBTQ+ community, state and national legislation affecting the queer community, protests and activist groups, women's rights organizations, conferences, mental health and wellness resources, and LGBTQ+ friendly religious organizations.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The John Grannan collection includes personal and professional papers, including institutional and financial records, publications, and graphic materials. The collection reflects Grannan's role as a local and national LGBTQ+ activist, as well as his tenures in associated organizations. Grannan served as an officer for USF's Gay Coalition, the Tampa AIDS Network, and the Florida Task Force/Florida Gay Task Force. Related material to his service is represented. Other areas of emphasis include LGBTQ+ sexual wellness resources and the papers of support and health organizations for the queer community during the AIDS crisis (at both the national and state level). Additional subjects covered include Pride events, social clubs and outings for the LGBTQ+ community, state and national legislation affecting the queer community, protests and activist groups, women's rights organizations, conferences, mental health and wellness resources, and LGBTQ+ friendly religious organizations."],"names_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Grannan. John (1947-2018)"],"corpname_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Grannan. John (1947-2018)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":394,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1872040144467394560,"_root_":"db1c2396ff96649adafd3788","timestamp":"2026-07-29T09:16:45.052Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/db1c2396ff96649adafd3788_aspace_4686b853eb4f931776a95a0ca98986f5"}},{"id":"ffe4b984238f20fad726becb_aspace_03b9e36d5937179e59caa48f072eaca3","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Correspondence, 1952-1998","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/ffe4b984238f20fad726becb_aspace_03b9e36d5937179e59caa48f072eaca3#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eAlphabetical by correspondent or subject. Some correspondence filed by first letter only (\"A\", \"B\", etc); these bulk folders follow other folder titles starting with the same letter (e.g. \"A\" after \"Avignon\").\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/ffe4b984238f20fad726becb_aspace_03b9e36d5937179e59caa48f072eaca3#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_03b9e36d5937179e59caa48f072eaca3","ref_ssm":["aspace_03b9e36d5937179e59caa48f072eaca3","aspace_03b9e36d5937179e59caa48f072eaca3"],"id":"ffe4b984238f20fad726becb_aspace_03b9e36d5937179e59caa48f072eaca3","title_filing_ssi":"Correspondence","title_ssm":["Correspondence"],"title_tesim":["Correspondence"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1952-1998"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1952-1998"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Correspondence, 1952-1998"],"text":["Correspondence, 1952-1998","Francois Bucher Papers, 1300, 1565, 1880-1996, Date acquired: 00/00/2014","1","/repositories/10/archival_objects/192413","Alphabetical by correspondent or subject. Some correspondence filed by first letter only (\"A\", \"B\", etc); these bulk folders follow other folder titles starting with the same letter (e.g. \"A\" after \"Avignon\")."],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ids_ssim":["ffe4b984238f20fad726becb"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Francois Bucher Papers, 1300, 1565, 1880-1996, Date acquired: 00/00/2014"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Francois Bucher Papers, 1300, 1565, 1880-1996, Date acquired: 00/00/2014"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1","/repositories/10/archival_objects/192413"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Francois Bucher Papers, 1300, 1565, 1880-1996, Date acquired: 00/00/2014"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":392,"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"sort_isi":1,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open to all researchers. Users may access this collection at the Claude Pepper Library. ","Portions of this collection are in an offsite storage location. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Copyright in materials created by William S. Burroughs is managed by the Wylie Agency. https://www.wylieagency.com/permissions.html"],"date_range_isim":[1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlphabetical by correspondent or subject. Some correspondence filed by first letter only (\"A\", \"B\", etc); these bulk folders follow other folder titles starting with the same letter (e.g. \"A\" after \"Avignon\").\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Alphabetical by correspondent or subject. Some correspondence filed by first letter only (\"A\", \"B\", etc); these bulk folders follow other folder titles starting with the same letter (e.g. \"A\" after \"Avignon\")."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0","_nest_parent_":"ffe4b984238f20fad726becb","_root_":"ffe4b984238f20fad726becb","_version_":1871037854284513280,"timestamp":"2026-07-18T07:45:46.645Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"ffe4b984238f20fad726becb","title_ssm":["Francois Bucher Papers"],"title_tesim":["Francois Bucher Papers"],"ead_ssi":"ffe4b984238f20fad726becb","unitdate_ssm":["1300, 1565, 1880-1996","Date acquired: 00/00/2014"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1300, 1565, 1880-1996","Date acquired: 00/00/2014"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 2015-010","/repositories/10/resources/1173"],"text":["MSS 2015-010","/repositories/10/resources/1173","Francois Bucher Papers, 1300, 1565, 1880-1996, Date acquired: 00/00/2014","Architecture","Correspondence","Manuscripts","Photographs","This collection is open to all researchers. Users may access this collection at the Claude Pepper Library. ","Portions of this collection are in an offsite storage location. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information.","Professional and personal papers of Francois Bucher (1927-1999), professor of Art History (1978-1996), including correspondence, instructional materials, artwork, research materials, and scholarly works. Significant correspondents include William S. Burroughs, Brion Gysin, Paul Sharits, and Kurt Vonnegut. The collection includes works by Sinclair Beiles, Bucher and Burroughs.  Subjects include Bucher's academic career at University of Minnesota, Yale University, Brown University, State University of New York-Binghamton, and Florida State University; Junction B and the Nautilus Foundation in Lloyd, Florida; and Bucher's novel  Ein Strahlendes End  ( A Small Accident ).","Copyright in materials created by William S. Burroughs is managed by the Wylie Agency.  https://www.wylieagency.com/permissions.html","FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Bucher, Francois","Burroughs, William S.","Burroughs, William S., 1914-1997","Sharits, Paul","Rilke, Rainer Maria, 1875-1926","Gysin, Brion","Beiles, Sinclair, 1930-2000","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 2015-010","/repositories/10/resources/1173"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1300, 1565, 1880-1996, Date acquired: 00/00/2014"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Francois Bucher Papers, 1300, 1565, 1880-1996, Date acquired: 00/00/2014"],"collection_title_tesim":["Francois Bucher Papers, 1300, 1565, 1880-1996, Date acquired: 00/00/2014"],"collection_ssim":["Francois Bucher Papers, 1300, 1565, 1880-1996, Date acquired: 00/00/2014"],"repository_ssm":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Bucher, Francois","Burroughs, William S."],"creator_ssim":["Bucher, Francois","Burroughs, William S."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Bucher, Francois","Burroughs, William S."],"creators_ssim":["Bucher, Francois","Burroughs, William S."],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright in materials created by William S. Burroughs is managed by the Wylie Agency.  https://www.wylieagency.com/permissions.html"],"acqinfo_ssim":["FSU Department of English","Donation. Accruals from Fiona Hollier, 2014, and from FSU Art History Department, March 20, 2017."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Architecture","Correspondence","Manuscripts","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Architecture","Correspondence","Manuscripts","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["9.75 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["9.75 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Manuscripts","Photographs"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to all researchers. Users may access this collection at the Claude Pepper Library. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePortions of this collection are in an offsite storage location. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to all researchers. Users may access this collection at the Claude Pepper Library. ","Portions of this collection are in an offsite storage location. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrancois Bucher Papers, Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/MSS_2015-010\"\u003ehttp://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/MSS_2015-010\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Francois Bucher Papers, Special Collections \u0026 Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida.  http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/MSS_2015-010"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProfessional and personal papers of Francois Bucher (1927-1999), professor of Art History (1978-1996), including correspondence, instructional materials, artwork, research materials, and scholarly works. Significant correspondents include William S. Burroughs, Brion Gysin, Paul Sharits, and Kurt Vonnegut. The collection includes works by Sinclair Beiles, Bucher and Burroughs.  Subjects include Bucher's academic career at University of Minnesota, Yale University, Brown University, State University of New York-Binghamton, and Florida State University; Junction B and the Nautilus Foundation in Lloyd, Florida; and Bucher's novel \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eEin Strahlendes End\u003c/emph\u003e (\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eA Small Accident\u003c/emph\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Professional and personal papers of Francois Bucher (1927-1999), professor of Art History (1978-1996), including correspondence, instructional materials, artwork, research materials, and scholarly works. Significant correspondents include William S. Burroughs, Brion Gysin, Paul Sharits, and Kurt Vonnegut. The collection includes works by Sinclair Beiles, Bucher and Burroughs.  Subjects include Bucher's academic career at University of Minnesota, Yale University, Brown University, State University of New York-Binghamton, and Florida State University; Junction B and the Nautilus Foundation in Lloyd, Florida; and Bucher's novel  Ein Strahlendes End  ( A Small Accident )."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright in materials created by William S. Burroughs is managed by the Wylie Agency. \u003cextref href=\"https://www.wylieagency.com/permissions.html\"\u003ehttps://www.wylieagency.com/permissions.html\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright in materials created by William S. Burroughs is managed by the Wylie Agency.  https://www.wylieagency.com/permissions.html"],"names_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Bucher, Francois","Burroughs, William S.","Burroughs, William S., 1914-1997","Sharits, Paul","Rilke, Rainer Maria, 1875-1926","Gysin, Brion","Beiles, Sinclair, 1930-2000"],"corpname_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["Burroughs, William S., 1914-1997","Sharits, Paul","Rilke, Rainer Maria, 1875-1926","Gysin, Brion","Beiles, Sinclair, 1930-2000"],"persname_ssim":["Bucher, Francois","Burroughs, William S.","Burroughs, William S., 1914-1997","Sharits, Paul","Rilke, Rainer Maria, 1875-1926","Gysin, Brion","Beiles, Sinclair, 1930-2000"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":844,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1871037854284513280,"_root_":"ffe4b984238f20fad726becb","timestamp":"2026-07-18T07:45:46.645Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/ffe4b984238f20fad726becb_aspace_03b9e36d5937179e59caa48f072eaca3"}},{"id":"731b674a396f199a6d388d63_aspace_c958da84b233c8b48629fd9123a1d46b","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Correspondence, 1959","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/731b674a396f199a6d388d63_aspace_c958da84b233c8b48629fd9123a1d46b#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_c958da84b233c8b48629fd9123a1d46b","ref_ssm":["aspace_c958da84b233c8b48629fd9123a1d46b","aspace_c958da84b233c8b48629fd9123a1d46b"],"id":"731b674a396f199a6d388d63_aspace_c958da84b233c8b48629fd9123a1d46b","title_filing_ssi":"Correspondence","title_ssm":["Correspondence"],"title_tesim":["Correspondence"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1959"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1959"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Correspondence, 1959"],"text":["Correspondence, 1959","Congressman James A. Haley Collection, 1948-1977","James A. Haley Personal Papers","Correspondence","/repositories/2/archival_objects/25494","box 2","folder 5"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["731b674a396f199a6d388d63","731b674a396f199a6d388d63_aspace_dc14274a4ad42217f2cca4b1b2c5b079","731b674a396f199a6d388d63_aspace_6919559f3cb38c18a5af80209de4ec92"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Congressman James A. Haley Collection, 1948-1977","James A. Haley Personal Papers","Correspondence"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Congressman James A. Haley Collection, 1948-1977","James A. Haley Personal Papers","Correspondence"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Subgroup","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/2/archival_objects/25494"],"repository_ssim":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Congressman James A. Haley Collection, 1948-1977"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":26,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to\nunprocessed born digital materials."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The Congressman James A. Haley Papers are owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by\nthe copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Please inquire if you have questions -\narchives@flsouthern.edu. ","Constituent Correspondence files are restricted from publication until 2052"],"date_range_isim":[1959],"containers_ssim":["box 2","folder 5"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#2/components#3","_nest_parent_":"731b674a396f199a6d388d63_aspace_6919559f3cb38c18a5af80209de4ec92","_root_":"731b674a396f199a6d388d63","_version_":1875924461057736704,"timestamp":"2026-09-10T06:16:17.977Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"731b674a396f199a6d388d63","title_ssm":["Congressman James A. Haley Collection"],"title_tesim":["Congressman James A. Haley Collection"],"ead_ssi":"731b674a396f199a6d388d63","unitdate_ssm":["1948-1977"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1948-1977"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS1040","/repositories/2/resources/17"],"text":["MS1040","/repositories/2/resources/17","Congressman James A. Haley Collection, 1948-1977","Washington D.C.","Florida--Politics","Lakeland and Polk County Politics","United States. Congress","House of Representatives--Florida--State Legislature","Circus--management","Correspondence","Clippings","Speeches","This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to\nunprocessed born digital materials.","The materials in this collection were maintained by the subject's staff by issue and date. With some modifications allowing for clarity, they have been arranged in a similar fashion. However, you will find that individual issues may appear under multiple subject headings. For example, \"Watergate\" may\nappear under its own heading as well as under \"Richard Nixon\" or \"Nixon Administration.\" Please note that even though the files are arranged by issue, some correspondence might also be located in \"catch-all\" categories such as \"Haley Bills: Master File: 83rd Congress: 1953-1954,\"\n\"Correspondence: 19XX,\" to use but two examples.","James A. Haley, as chairman of the House Interior Committee during the 1970s, was instrumental in the creation of Big Cypress National Preserve. Franklin Adams lobbied for the establishment of the Big Cypress National Preserve along with many other environmental issues. The Franklin Adams Papers are housed at Florida International University. The Franklin Adams Collection, SPC9000, at Florida International University, Miami. ","James Andrew Haley (January 4, 1899 – August 6, 1981) was a U.S. Representative from Florida. Born in Jacksonville, Alabama, Haley attended the public schools and the University of Alabama. He served in the U.S. Army during World War I, and saw combat in France. He was an accountant in Sarasota, Florida, from 1920 to 1933 and served as general manager of the John Ringling estate from 1933 to 1943.\nOn December 4, 1942, Haley married Aubrey Ringling (née Aubrey Barlow Black), the widow of Richard T. Ringling who had died in 1931. Richard Ringling was the son of one of the original Ringling brothers. From 1943 to 1945, he was the first vice president of Ringling Circus and president and\ndirector of Ringling Brothers, Barnum \u0026 Bailey. In 1944, a fire broke out at a Ringling Circus show in Hartford, Connecticut that killed 169 persons. As a result of the fire he and five other circus officials pleaded no contest to charges of involuntary manslaughter and were sentenced to prison. He served\neight months and in 1945 was returned to Florida, where he received a pardon from Governor Millard F. Caldwell. Upon his release from prison, Haley again served as president and director for the Ringling Bros. and Barnum and Bailey Circus of Sarasota from 1946 to 1948. He engaged in newspaper publishing and\nlater in general printing business. He served as chairman of the Democratic Executive Committee of Sarasota County 1935–1952. He was elected and served as member of the Florida House of Representatives from 1949 to 1952. He was a delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1952, 1956, and 1960.\nHaley was elected as a Democrat to the Eighty-third and to the eleven succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1953 – January 3, 1977). He was a member of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, the Hospital Subcommittee of the Veterans Affair Committee, and the Indian Affairs Subcommittee. He served as chairman of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs (Ninety-third\nand Ninety-fourth Congresses). Haley was not a candidate for reelection to the Ninety-fifth Congress in 1976.","Haley died in Sarasota on August 6, 1981 and was interred in Boca Raton Cemetery in Boca Raton,FL. The James A. Haley Veterans Hospital located in Tampa is named for him. ","Sources: U.S. House of Representatives Official Biography and Haley Papers biographical data, 2018","The James A. Haley Papers consist of his personal and political papers. Correspondence, clippings, newsletters, photographs, congressional reports, and awards from various civic and political organizations give insight into Haley's public interests. Photographs of his wife, the Circus and political\naffiliates uncover the many facets of Haley's life. A limited amount of biographical information, including news articles about his death, reflect on how this public figure kept his private life private. Of note is the\nseries about the Hartford Circus fire. ","The Papers are arranged in five collections: Personal, Hartford Circus Fire, Political, Florida House of Representatives, and U.S. Congressional.","The Personal papers, arranged alphabetically by format, consists of calendars, correspondence, newsletters, photographs, awards and other ephemera giving a broad look into Haley's life in and out of office. A limited amount of biographical information, including news articles about his death, is included.","Haley Papers\nCorrespondence, newsletters, and awards from various civic and political organizations show the range of Haley's public interests while the invitations he accepted give a sense of the social life of a congressman in the 1950s-1970s. Congratulatory messages may give insight into who he counted\namong his political allies. The correspondence in this series, 1940-1981, the bulk of which are letters from Haley's time in the U.S. House of Representative (1953-1976) is of a general nature and may not be of a specific topic, but often must still be viewed as official. Since Haley was a public figure, the materials in this series should be viewed in the context that public figures kept their private life private.","The ephemera is mostly three-dimensional objects from Haley's office. The photographs within this series are also generally of an official nature. They are arranged by subject. Of particular note are the\nphotographs of Haley with several U.S. Presidents. Please see a digital exhibit at\nhttp://www.flsouthern.edu/library/mckay-archives/digital-exhibits/haley-presidents.aspx.","The Hartford Circus Fire collection encompasses documentation of the burning of a tent at the Ringling Bros. and Barnum \u0026 Baily Circus in Hartford, Connecticut on July 6, 1944, the loss of 150 lives, and the resulting trial. As first vice president of the Company, James A. Haley took responsibility, was found\nguilty of manslaughter, and served time in a federal prison. The documentation is comprised of, but not limited to, correspondence, news clippings, financial documents and court records. Correspondence takes the form of letters and telegrams with topics between Haley and staff and Haley and lawyers about what happened in the fire and with the trial. There are also letters to Haley while he is in jail, mostly regarding his personal health and welfare. There are extensive newspaper clippings about the fire and the trial. Corporate information includes circus routes, minutes and by-laws. The financial documents are extensive and record the financial standing of the circus, while Court Records consist of trial scripts, pleas, and scripts from the parole hearing. Anyone searching for general understanding of the events of the fire should look at the newspapers, and then the letters and telegrams.","The Political Papers collection concerns Haley's campaigns and party work. As a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, Haley was up for reelection every two years. The Campaign Files sub-series contains correspondence, government records, news articles, and other documents related to the subject's political campaigns between 1952 and 1974. Of special interest are the endorsements which how where and from whom he received his political support from.","The Democratic Party sub-collection reflects the subject's involvement with his political party. He served as a delegate to several Democratic National Conventions over the course of his career. He also took an interest in other political races throughout Florida and the nation. This series contains correspondence and newspaper articles concerning elections not specific to the subject, as well as general party information for candidates and booklets produced for the conventions.","The Florida House of Representatives collection encompass Haley's career as the State Representative for Sarasota County in the Florida House of Representatives. Haley held this office from 1948-1952. The materials are arranged in as logical order as possible. There was no discernable order prior to processing as the materials had been housed and rehoused several times since they were donated to the college. Of special note are the materials related to the Haley Committee Investigating Crime, which investigated political corruption and organized crime in the state. The collection also includes materials concerning state issues of the day, as well as issues specific to Sarasota County. Additionally, there are reference materials used by the subject in the performance of his duties. The Haley Committee on Investigating Crime sub-series contains transcripts of hearings, proceedings,\ncorrespondence, and news articles related to this committee, while the Issues sub-series is arranged Haley Papers\nalphabetically and contains correspondence, legislation, news articles, and reference material related to the respective issue. The Reference sub-series contain Florida House and Senate Bill Summaries, Legislative calendars, House and Senate Journals, and roll call votes. And, the Sarasota District subseries contain correspondence, reference materials, and news articles related specifically to that district.","The U.S. Congressional Papers, the largest collection, comprise the political aspects of Haley's US congressional career. The materials are arranged in alphabetical order created by his office. Haley held a seat representing the southwest coast and heartland of Florida from 1953-1977. The materials in this\nseries contain correspondence, articles, government documents, and photographs; they cover nearly every major issue to confront the United States during the 1950s through the 1970s. Of special note is the constituent correspondence, which are letters from citizens to Haley asking for information or help on a variety of topics. Letters and telegrams sent to Haley by citizens in his district give a sense of the\nviews of the general public concerning the issues of the era. Haley's views are expressed in his replies. The materials are arranged alphabetically by issue and date. This arrangement closely corresponds to how they were filed in the subject's office. Please note that even though the files are arranged by issue, some correspondence might also be located in \"catch-all\" categories such as \"Haley Bills: Master File: 83rd Congress: 1953-1954,\"\n\"Correspondence: 19XX,\" to use but two examples. ","The Congressman James A. Haley Papers are owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by\nthe copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Please inquire if you have questions -\narchives@flsouthern.edu. ","Constituent Correspondence files are restricted from publication until 2052","The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections","Haley, James A., Congressman ","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS1040","/repositories/2/resources/17"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1948-1977"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Congressman James A. Haley Collection, 1948-1977"],"collection_title_tesim":["Congressman James A. Haley Collection, 1948-1977"],"collection_ssim":["Congressman James A. Haley Collection, 1948-1977"],"repository_ssm":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections"],"repository_ssim":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Washington D.C."],"geogname_ssim":["Washington D.C."],"creator_ssm":["Haley, James A., Congressman "],"creator_ssim":["Haley, James A., Congressman "],"creator_persname_ssim":["Haley, James A., Congressman "],"creators_ssim":["Haley, James A., Congressman "],"places_ssim":["Washington D.C."],"access_terms_ssm":["The Congressman James A. Haley Papers are owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by\nthe copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Please inquire if you have questions -\narchives@flsouthern.edu. ","Constituent Correspondence files are restricted from publication until 2052"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Florida--Politics","Lakeland and Polk County Politics","United States. Congress","House of Representatives--Florida--State Legislature","Circus--management","Correspondence","Clippings","Speeches"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Florida--Politics","Lakeland and Polk County Politics","United States. Congress","House of Representatives--Florida--State Legislature","Circus--management","Correspondence","Clippings","Speeches"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["150 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["150 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Clippings","Speeches"],"date_range_isim":[1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to\nunprocessed born digital materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to\nunprocessed born digital materials."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this collection were maintained by the subject's staff by issue and date. With some modifications allowing for clarity, they have been arranged in a similar fashion. However, you will find that individual issues may appear under multiple subject headings. For example, \"Watergate\" may\nappear under its own heading as well as under \"Richard Nixon\" or \"Nixon Administration.\" Please note that even though the files are arranged by issue, some correspondence might also be located in \"catch-all\" categories such as \"Haley Bills: Master File: 83rd Congress: 1953-1954,\"\n\"Correspondence: 19XX,\" to use but two examples.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJames A. Haley, as chairman of the House Interior Committee during the 1970s, was instrumental in the creation of Big Cypress National Preserve. Franklin Adams lobbied for the establishment of the Big Cypress National Preserve along with many other environmental issues. The Franklin Adams Papers are housed at Florida International University. The Franklin Adams Collection, SPC9000, at Florida International University, Miami. \u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The materials in this collection were maintained by the subject's staff by issue and date. With some modifications allowing for clarity, they have been arranged in a similar fashion. However, you will find that individual issues may appear under multiple subject headings. For example, \"Watergate\" may\nappear under its own heading as well as under \"Richard Nixon\" or \"Nixon Administration.\" Please note that even though the files are arranged by issue, some correspondence might also be located in \"catch-all\" categories such as \"Haley Bills: Master File: 83rd Congress: 1953-1954,\"\n\"Correspondence: 19XX,\" to use but two examples.","James A. Haley, as chairman of the House Interior Committee during the 1970s, was instrumental in the creation of Big Cypress National Preserve. Franklin Adams lobbied for the establishment of the Big Cypress National Preserve along with many other environmental issues. The Franklin Adams Papers are housed at Florida International University. The Franklin Adams Collection, SPC9000, at Florida International University, Miami. "],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames Andrew Haley (January 4, 1899 \u0026#x2013; August 6, 1981) was a U.S. Representative from Florida. Born in Jacksonville, Alabama, Haley attended the public schools and the University of Alabama. He served in the U.S. Army during World War I, and saw combat in France. He was an accountant in Sarasota, Florida, from 1920 to 1933 and served as general manager of the John Ringling estate from 1933 to 1943.\nOn December 4, 1942, Haley married Aubrey Ringling (n\u0026#xE9;e Aubrey Barlow Black), the widow of Richard T. Ringling who had died in 1931. Richard Ringling was the son of one of the original Ringling brothers. From 1943 to 1945, he was the first vice president of Ringling Circus and president and\ndirector of Ringling Brothers, Barnum \u0026amp; Bailey. In 1944, a fire broke out at a Ringling Circus show in Hartford, Connecticut that killed 169 persons. As a result of the fire he and five other circus officials pleaded no contest to charges of involuntary manslaughter and were sentenced to prison. He served\neight months and in 1945 was returned to Florida, where he received a pardon from Governor Millard F. Caldwell. Upon his release from prison, Haley again served as president and director for the Ringling Bros. and Barnum and Bailey Circus of Sarasota from 1946 to 1948. He engaged in newspaper publishing and\nlater in general printing business. He served as chairman of the Democratic Executive Committee of Sarasota County 1935\u0026#x2013;1952. He was elected and served as member of the Florida House of Representatives from 1949 to 1952. He was a delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1952, 1956, and 1960.\nHaley was elected as a Democrat to the Eighty-third and to the eleven succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1953 \u0026#x2013; January 3, 1977). He was a member of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, the Hospital Subcommittee of the Veterans Affair Committee, and the Indian Affairs Subcommittee. He served as chairman of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs (Ninety-third\nand Ninety-fourth Congresses). Haley was not a candidate for reelection to the Ninety-fifth Congress in 1976.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHaley died in Sarasota on August 6, 1981 and was interred in Boca Raton Cemetery in Boca Raton,FL. The James A. Haley Veterans Hospital located in Tampa is named for him. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources: U.S. House of Representatives Official Biography and Haley Papers biographical data, 2018\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["James Andrew Haley (January 4, 1899 – August 6, 1981) was a U.S. Representative from Florida. Born in Jacksonville, Alabama, Haley attended the public schools and the University of Alabama. He served in the U.S. Army during World War I, and saw combat in France. He was an accountant in Sarasota, Florida, from 1920 to 1933 and served as general manager of the John Ringling estate from 1933 to 1943.\nOn December 4, 1942, Haley married Aubrey Ringling (née Aubrey Barlow Black), the widow of Richard T. Ringling who had died in 1931. Richard Ringling was the son of one of the original Ringling brothers. From 1943 to 1945, he was the first vice president of Ringling Circus and president and\ndirector of Ringling Brothers, Barnum \u0026 Bailey. In 1944, a fire broke out at a Ringling Circus show in Hartford, Connecticut that killed 169 persons. As a result of the fire he and five other circus officials pleaded no contest to charges of involuntary manslaughter and were sentenced to prison. He served\neight months and in 1945 was returned to Florida, where he received a pardon from Governor Millard F. Caldwell. Upon his release from prison, Haley again served as president and director for the Ringling Bros. and Barnum and Bailey Circus of Sarasota from 1946 to 1948. He engaged in newspaper publishing and\nlater in general printing business. He served as chairman of the Democratic Executive Committee of Sarasota County 1935–1952. He was elected and served as member of the Florida House of Representatives from 1949 to 1952. He was a delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1952, 1956, and 1960.\nHaley was elected as a Democrat to the Eighty-third and to the eleven succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1953 – January 3, 1977). He was a member of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, the Hospital Subcommittee of the Veterans Affair Committee, and the Indian Affairs Subcommittee. He served as chairman of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs (Ninety-third\nand Ninety-fourth Congresses). Haley was not a candidate for reelection to the Ninety-fifth Congress in 1976.","Haley died in Sarasota on August 6, 1981 and was interred in Boca Raton Cemetery in Boca Raton,FL. The James A. Haley Veterans Hospital located in Tampa is named for him. ","Sources: U.S. House of Representatives Official Biography and Haley Papers biographical data, 2018"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe James A. Haley Papers consist of his personal and political papers. Correspondence, clippings, newsletters, photographs, congressional reports, and awards from various civic and political organizations give insight into Haley's public interests. Photographs of his wife, the Circus and political\naffiliates uncover the many facets of Haley's life. A limited amount of biographical information, including news articles about his death, reflect on how this public figure kept his private life private. Of note is the\nseries about the Hartford Circus fire. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Papers are arranged in five collections: Personal, Hartford Circus Fire, Political, Florida House of Representatives, and U.S. Congressional.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Personal papers, arranged alphabetically by format, consists of calendars, correspondence, newsletters, photographs, awards and other ephemera giving a broad look into Haley's life in and out of office. A limited amount of biographical information, including news articles about his death, is included.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHaley Papers\nCorrespondence, newsletters, and awards from various civic and political organizations show the range of Haley's public interests while the invitations he accepted give a sense of the social life of a congressman in the 1950s-1970s. Congratulatory messages may give insight into who he counted\namong his political allies. The correspondence in this series, 1940-1981, the bulk of which are letters from Haley's time in the U.S. House of Representative (1953-1976) is of a general nature and may not be of a specific topic, but often must still be viewed as official. Since Haley was a public figure, the materials in this series should be viewed in the context that public figures kept their private life private.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe ephemera is mostly three-dimensional objects from Haley's office. The photographs within this series are also generally of an official nature. They are arranged by subject. Of particular note are the\nphotographs of Haley with several U.S. Presidents. Please see a digital exhibit at\nhttp://www.flsouthern.edu/library/mckay-archives/digital-exhibits/haley-presidents.aspx.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Hartford Circus Fire collection encompasses documentation of the burning of a tent at the Ringling Bros. and Barnum \u0026amp; Baily Circus in Hartford, Connecticut on July 6, 1944, the loss of 150 lives, and the resulting trial. As first vice president of the Company, James A. Haley took responsibility, was found\nguilty of manslaughter, and served time in a federal prison. The documentation is comprised of, but not limited to, correspondence, news clippings, financial documents and court records. Correspondence takes the form of letters and telegrams with topics between Haley and staff and Haley and lawyers about what happened in the fire and with the trial. There are also letters to Haley while he is in jail, mostly regarding his personal health and welfare. There are extensive newspaper clippings about the fire and the trial. Corporate information includes circus routes, minutes and by-laws. The financial documents are extensive and record the financial standing of the circus, while Court Records consist of trial scripts, pleas, and scripts from the parole hearing. Anyone searching for general understanding of the events of the fire should look at the newspapers, and then the letters and telegrams.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Political Papers collection concerns Haley's campaigns and party work. As a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, Haley was up for reelection every two years. The Campaign Files sub-series contains correspondence, government records, news articles, and other documents related to the subject's political campaigns between 1952 and 1974. Of special interest are the endorsements which how where and from whom he received his political support from.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Democratic Party sub-collection reflects the subject's involvement with his political party. He served as a delegate to several Democratic National Conventions over the course of his career. He also took an interest in other political races throughout Florida and the nation. This series contains correspondence and newspaper articles concerning elections not specific to the subject, as well as general party information for candidates and booklets produced for the conventions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Florida House of Representatives collection encompass Haley's career as the State Representative for Sarasota County in the Florida House of Representatives. Haley held this office from 1948-1952. The materials are arranged in as logical order as possible. There was no discernable order prior to processing as the materials had been housed and rehoused several times since they were donated to the college. Of special note are the materials related to the Haley Committee Investigating Crime, which investigated political corruption and organized crime in the state. The collection also includes materials concerning state issues of the day, as well as issues specific to Sarasota County. Additionally, there are reference materials used by the subject in the performance of his duties. The Haley Committee on Investigating Crime sub-series contains transcripts of hearings, proceedings,\ncorrespondence, and news articles related to this committee, while the Issues sub-series is arranged Haley Papers\nalphabetically and contains correspondence, legislation, news articles, and reference material related to the respective issue. The Reference sub-series contain Florida House and Senate Bill Summaries, Legislative calendars, House and Senate Journals, and roll call votes. And, the Sarasota District subseries contain correspondence, reference materials, and news articles related specifically to that district.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. Congressional Papers, the largest collection, comprise the political aspects of Haley's US congressional career. The materials are arranged in alphabetical order created by his office. Haley held a seat representing the southwest coast and heartland of Florida from 1953-1977. The materials in this\nseries contain correspondence, articles, government documents, and photographs; they cover nearly every major issue to confront the United States during the 1950s through the 1970s. Of special note is the constituent correspondence, which are letters from citizens to Haley asking for information or help on a variety of topics. Letters and telegrams sent to Haley by citizens in his district give a sense of the\nviews of the general public concerning the issues of the era. Haley's views are expressed in his replies. The materials are arranged alphabetically by issue and date. This arrangement closely corresponds to how they were filed in the subject's office. Please note that even though the files are arranged by issue, some correspondence might also be located in \"catch-all\" categories such as \"Haley Bills: Master File: 83rd Congress: 1953-1954,\"\n\"Correspondence: 19XX,\" to use but two examples. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The James A. Haley Papers consist of his personal and political papers. Correspondence, clippings, newsletters, photographs, congressional reports, and awards from various civic and political organizations give insight into Haley's public interests. Photographs of his wife, the Circus and political\naffiliates uncover the many facets of Haley's life. A limited amount of biographical information, including news articles about his death, reflect on how this public figure kept his private life private. Of note is the\nseries about the Hartford Circus fire. ","The Papers are arranged in five collections: Personal, Hartford Circus Fire, Political, Florida House of Representatives, and U.S. Congressional.","The Personal papers, arranged alphabetically by format, consists of calendars, correspondence, newsletters, photographs, awards and other ephemera giving a broad look into Haley's life in and out of office. A limited amount of biographical information, including news articles about his death, is included.","Haley Papers\nCorrespondence, newsletters, and awards from various civic and political organizations show the range of Haley's public interests while the invitations he accepted give a sense of the social life of a congressman in the 1950s-1970s. Congratulatory messages may give insight into who he counted\namong his political allies. The correspondence in this series, 1940-1981, the bulk of which are letters from Haley's time in the U.S. House of Representative (1953-1976) is of a general nature and may not be of a specific topic, but often must still be viewed as official. Since Haley was a public figure, the materials in this series should be viewed in the context that public figures kept their private life private.","The ephemera is mostly three-dimensional objects from Haley's office. The photographs within this series are also generally of an official nature. They are arranged by subject. Of particular note are the\nphotographs of Haley with several U.S. Presidents. Please see a digital exhibit at\nhttp://www.flsouthern.edu/library/mckay-archives/digital-exhibits/haley-presidents.aspx.","The Hartford Circus Fire collection encompasses documentation of the burning of a tent at the Ringling Bros. and Barnum \u0026 Baily Circus in Hartford, Connecticut on July 6, 1944, the loss of 150 lives, and the resulting trial. As first vice president of the Company, James A. Haley took responsibility, was found\nguilty of manslaughter, and served time in a federal prison. The documentation is comprised of, but not limited to, correspondence, news clippings, financial documents and court records. Correspondence takes the form of letters and telegrams with topics between Haley and staff and Haley and lawyers about what happened in the fire and with the trial. There are also letters to Haley while he is in jail, mostly regarding his personal health and welfare. There are extensive newspaper clippings about the fire and the trial. Corporate information includes circus routes, minutes and by-laws. The financial documents are extensive and record the financial standing of the circus, while Court Records consist of trial scripts, pleas, and scripts from the parole hearing. Anyone searching for general understanding of the events of the fire should look at the newspapers, and then the letters and telegrams.","The Political Papers collection concerns Haley's campaigns and party work. As a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, Haley was up for reelection every two years. The Campaign Files sub-series contains correspondence, government records, news articles, and other documents related to the subject's political campaigns between 1952 and 1974. Of special interest are the endorsements which how where and from whom he received his political support from.","The Democratic Party sub-collection reflects the subject's involvement with his political party. He served as a delegate to several Democratic National Conventions over the course of his career. He also took an interest in other political races throughout Florida and the nation. This series contains correspondence and newspaper articles concerning elections not specific to the subject, as well as general party information for candidates and booklets produced for the conventions.","The Florida House of Representatives collection encompass Haley's career as the State Representative for Sarasota County in the Florida House of Representatives. Haley held this office from 1948-1952. The materials are arranged in as logical order as possible. There was no discernable order prior to processing as the materials had been housed and rehoused several times since they were donated to the college. Of special note are the materials related to the Haley Committee Investigating Crime, which investigated political corruption and organized crime in the state. The collection also includes materials concerning state issues of the day, as well as issues specific to Sarasota County. Additionally, there are reference materials used by the subject in the performance of his duties. The Haley Committee on Investigating Crime sub-series contains transcripts of hearings, proceedings,\ncorrespondence, and news articles related to this committee, while the Issues sub-series is arranged Haley Papers\nalphabetically and contains correspondence, legislation, news articles, and reference material related to the respective issue. The Reference sub-series contain Florida House and Senate Bill Summaries, Legislative calendars, House and Senate Journals, and roll call votes. And, the Sarasota District subseries contain correspondence, reference materials, and news articles related specifically to that district.","The U.S. Congressional Papers, the largest collection, comprise the political aspects of Haley's US congressional career. The materials are arranged in alphabetical order created by his office. Haley held a seat representing the southwest coast and heartland of Florida from 1953-1977. The materials in this\nseries contain correspondence, articles, government documents, and photographs; they cover nearly every major issue to confront the United States during the 1950s through the 1970s. Of special note is the constituent correspondence, which are letters from citizens to Haley asking for information or help on a variety of topics. Letters and telegrams sent to Haley by citizens in his district give a sense of the\nviews of the general public concerning the issues of the era. Haley's views are expressed in his replies. The materials are arranged alphabetically by issue and date. This arrangement closely corresponds to how they were filed in the subject's office. Please note that even though the files are arranged by issue, some correspondence might also be located in \"catch-all\" categories such as \"Haley Bills: Master File: 83rd Congress: 1953-1954,\"\n\"Correspondence: 19XX,\" to use but two examples. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Congressman James A. Haley Papers are owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by\nthe copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Please inquire if you have questions -\narchives@flsouthern.edu. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eConstituent Correspondence files are restricted from publication until 2052\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Congressman James A. Haley Papers are owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by\nthe copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Please inquire if you have questions -\narchives@flsouthern.edu. ","Constituent Correspondence files are restricted from publication until 2052"],"names_ssim":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections","Haley, James A., Congressman "],"corpname_ssim":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Haley, James A., Congressman "],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":4376,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1875924461057736704,"_root_":"731b674a396f199a6d388d63","timestamp":"2026-09-10T06:16:17.977Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/731b674a396f199a6d388d63_aspace_c958da84b233c8b48629fd9123a1d46b"}},{"id":"4ecda0709189a1ef8ee3f62e_aspace_81647","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Correspondence, 1959-1965","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/4ecda0709189a1ef8ee3f62e_aspace_81647#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_81647","ref_ssm":["aspace_81647","aspace_81647"],"id":"4ecda0709189a1ef8ee3f62e_aspace_81647","title_filing_ssi":"Correspondence ","title_ssm":["Correspondence "],"title_tesim":["Correspondence "],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1959-1965"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1959-1965"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Correspondence, 1959-1965"],"text":["Correspondence, 1959-1965","Civil Rights Papers of Cody Fowler and Steven Lawson, 1888-1974, bulk 1960-1974","Committees","City of Tampa Bi-Racial Committee","Folder 4","/repositories/2/archival_objects/134738","box 1","folder 4"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["4ecda0709189a1ef8ee3f62e","4ecda0709189a1ef8ee3f62e_aspace_eb7cd12bbde3a539a8678d7942abb860","4ecda0709189a1ef8ee3f62e_aspace_81624"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Civil Rights Papers of Cody Fowler and Steven Lawson, 1888-1974, bulk 1960-1974","Committees","City of Tampa Bi-Racial Committee"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Civil Rights Papers of Cody Fowler and Steven Lawson, 1888-1974, bulk 1960-1974","Committees","City of Tampa Bi-Racial Committee"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Subseries"],"unitid_ssm":["Folder 4","/repositories/2/archival_objects/134738"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Civil Rights Papers of Cody Fowler and Steven Lawson, 1888-1974, bulk 1960-1974"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":7,"parent_access_terms_tesm":["None.  The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information."],"date_range_isim":[1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965],"containers_ssim":["box 1","folder 4"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#1/components#2","_nest_parent_":"4ecda0709189a1ef8ee3f62e_aspace_81624","_root_":"4ecda0709189a1ef8ee3f62e","timestamp":"2026-05-27T03:16:31.366Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"4ecda0709189a1ef8ee3f62e","title_filing_ssi":"Civil Rights Papers of Cody Fowler and Steven Lawson","title_ssm":["Civil Rights Papers of Cody Fowler and Steven Lawson"],"title_tesim":["Civil Rights Papers of Cody Fowler and Steven Lawson"],"ead_ssi":"4ecda0709189a1ef8ee3f62e","unitdate_ssm":["1888-1974","1960-1974"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1960-1974"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1888-1974"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["F26","/repositories/2/resources/573"],"text":["F26","/repositories/2/resources/573","Civil Rights Papers of Cody Fowler and Steven Lawson, 1888-1974, bulk 1960-1974","Tampa (Fla.) -- Race relations.","African Americans -- Civil rights -- Florida -- Tampa -- History","Arranged by series.","Born in Arlington, Tennessee, Cody Fowler arrived in Tampa, Florida in 1924 as a young lawyer eager to make a difference. Though work initially brought him to the city, his family also provided an incentive. His mother, Maud Fowler, was heavily involved in the development of Temple Terrace, serving as the city's mayor in 1926. Cody Fowler drafted the city's charter, served as its first attorney, and also served a term as mayor in 1928 – his only elected office. Fowler made a name for himself early in his career when he defended African American clients in Tampa's courts – something few other white lawyers were willing to do. Fowler worked in a number of law firms throughout the 1920s and '30s before joining with Morris White to form the Fowler and White firm. He rose through the ranks of leadership within local and regional bar associations, and in 1950, he was elected president of the American Bar Association – the first Tampa lawyer to attain that position. The following year, Tampa's Civitan Club named him as their Citizen of the Year, which is among the most prestigious honors awarded in Tampa. During the 1950s, Fowler was instrumental in eliminating the graft, corruption, and organized crime influence that had permeated Tampa's political system for generations. In 1959, Fowler was appointed chairman of both Florida's and Tampa's Bi-Racial Commissions. His calm approach to problems and his belief that integration was necessary for society to move forward, not to mention the potential economic benefits for the city, drove him to help solve the city's and state's race problems. His leadership, along with African American leaders, such as the Reverend A. Leon Lowry, helped guide the peaceful integration of Tampa's lunch counters in 1960. In a speech he gave to the Rotary Club of Tampa in July 1963, Fowler explained that \"economic upgrading,\" in the form of broader hiring practices among Tampa's businesses, was the core of solving local race relations issues. This cause would eventually be taken up by Tampa's Bi-Racial Committee. ","Fowler died at the age of 85, and at the time was still senior partner of the law firm he co-founded thirty-five years earlier. Newspapers across the state celebrated the life of the genteel southerner who did not hesitate to speak out against what he felt were unfair and illegal laws and traditions that plagued both the country and his adopted home.","Steven F. Lawson, former professor of History at the University of South Florida (1972-1992), compiled these materials as part of his research on the Civil Rights Movement and race relations in Tampa during the 1960s. The results of his research were published as \"From Sit-in to Race Riot: Businessmen, Blacks, and the Pursuit of Moderation in Tampa, 1960-1967,\" in  Southern Businessmen and Desegregation , 1982. ","Subsequent to their respective donations, the papers of Steven Lawson and Cody Fowler, which are closely related in subject, were merged into a single collection. Years later, rather than attempt to extricate one collection from the other, Dr. Lawson and archivist Andrew Huse agreed to change the collection's name and amend its documentation.","Selected information in Biog/Hist Note prepared by the Historical Monument Trail Selection Committee, Friends of the Riverwalk.","Progress Village records, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.","Many of the documents in this collection provide insight into Cody Fowler's role in Tampa's desegregation. A large portion of the documents are correspondences between committee members of the Tampa Bi-Racial Committee, the Commission of Community Relations, and community officials. The collection also contains a large number of reports on African Americans, their lack of employment opportunities, and educational concerns.","None.  The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information.","This collection contains materials separately created and collected by Cody Fowler and Steven Lawson. The materials have been combined into a single collection, and overlapping materials primarily document the civil rights of African American residents of Hillsborough County, FL.  \n\n***Note: Contact Special Collections regarding availability: spcinfo@usf.edu***","USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Fowler, Cody, 1892-1978","Lawson, Steven F. 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(1945-)"],"places_ssim":["Tampa (Fla.) -- Race relations."],"access_terms_ssm":["None.  The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Steven Lawson","Cody Fowler","Donated in conjunction with the Progress Village records."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- Civil rights -- Florida -- Tampa -- History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- Civil rights -- Florida -- Tampa -- History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4.59 Linear Feet","10 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["4.59 Linear Feet","10 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged by series.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged by series."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBorn in Arlington, Tennessee, Cody Fowler arrived in Tampa, Florida in 1924 as a young lawyer eager to make a difference. Though work initially brought him to the city, his family also provided an incentive. His mother, Maud Fowler, was heavily involved in the development of Temple Terrace, serving as the city's mayor in 1926. Cody Fowler drafted the city's charter, served as its first attorney, and also served a term as mayor in 1928 \u0026#x2013; his only elected office. Fowler made a name for himself early in his career when he defended African American clients in Tampa's courts \u0026#x2013; something few other white lawyers were willing to do. Fowler worked in a number of law firms throughout the 1920s and '30s before joining with Morris White to form the Fowler and White firm. He rose through the ranks of leadership within local and regional bar associations, and in 1950, he was elected president of the American Bar Association \u0026#x2013; the first Tampa lawyer to attain that position. The following year, Tampa's Civitan Club named him as their Citizen of the Year, which is among the most prestigious honors awarded in Tampa. During the 1950s, Fowler was instrumental in eliminating the graft, corruption, and organized crime influence that had permeated Tampa's political system for generations. In 1959, Fowler was appointed chairman of both Florida's and Tampa's Bi-Racial Commissions. His calm approach to problems and his belief that integration was necessary for society to move forward, not to mention the potential economic benefits for the city, drove him to help solve the city's and state's race problems. His leadership, along with African American leaders, such as the Reverend A. Leon Lowry, helped guide the peaceful integration of Tampa's lunch counters in 1960. In a speech he gave to the Rotary Club of Tampa in July 1963, Fowler explained that \"economic upgrading,\" in the form of broader hiring practices among Tampa's businesses, was the core of solving local race relations issues. This cause would eventually be taken up by Tampa's Bi-Racial Committee. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFowler died at the age of 85, and at the time was still senior partner of the law firm he co-founded thirty-five years earlier. Newspapers across the state celebrated the life of the genteel southerner who did not hesitate to speak out against what he felt were unfair and illegal laws and traditions that plagued both the country and his adopted home.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSteven F. Lawson, former professor of History at the University of South Florida (1972-1992), compiled these materials as part of his research on the Civil Rights Movement and race relations in Tampa during the 1960s. The results of his research were published as \"From Sit-in to Race Riot: Businessmen, Blacks, and the Pursuit of Moderation in Tampa, 1960-1967,\" in \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSouthern Businessmen and Desegregation\u003c/emph\u003e, 1982. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubsequent to their respective donations, the papers of Steven Lawson and Cody Fowler, which are closely related in subject, were merged into a single collection. Years later, rather than attempt to extricate one collection from the other, Dr. Lawson and archivist Andrew Huse agreed to change the collection's name and amend its documentation.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSelected information in Biog/Hist Note prepared by the Historical Monument Trail Selection Committee,\u0026#xA0;Friends of the Riverwalk.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Born in Arlington, Tennessee, Cody Fowler arrived in Tampa, Florida in 1924 as a young lawyer eager to make a difference. Though work initially brought him to the city, his family also provided an incentive. His mother, Maud Fowler, was heavily involved in the development of Temple Terrace, serving as the city's mayor in 1926. Cody Fowler drafted the city's charter, served as its first attorney, and also served a term as mayor in 1928 – his only elected office. Fowler made a name for himself early in his career when he defended African American clients in Tampa's courts – something few other white lawyers were willing to do. Fowler worked in a number of law firms throughout the 1920s and '30s before joining with Morris White to form the Fowler and White firm. He rose through the ranks of leadership within local and regional bar associations, and in 1950, he was elected president of the American Bar Association – the first Tampa lawyer to attain that position. The following year, Tampa's Civitan Club named him as their Citizen of the Year, which is among the most prestigious honors awarded in Tampa. During the 1950s, Fowler was instrumental in eliminating the graft, corruption, and organized crime influence that had permeated Tampa's political system for generations. In 1959, Fowler was appointed chairman of both Florida's and Tampa's Bi-Racial Commissions. His calm approach to problems and his belief that integration was necessary for society to move forward, not to mention the potential economic benefits for the city, drove him to help solve the city's and state's race problems. His leadership, along with African American leaders, such as the Reverend A. Leon Lowry, helped guide the peaceful integration of Tampa's lunch counters in 1960. In a speech he gave to the Rotary Club of Tampa in July 1963, Fowler explained that \"economic upgrading,\" in the form of broader hiring practices among Tampa's businesses, was the core of solving local race relations issues. This cause would eventually be taken up by Tampa's Bi-Racial Committee. ","Fowler died at the age of 85, and at the time was still senior partner of the law firm he co-founded thirty-five years earlier. Newspapers across the state celebrated the life of the genteel southerner who did not hesitate to speak out against what he felt were unfair and illegal laws and traditions that plagued both the country and his adopted home.","Steven F. Lawson, former professor of History at the University of South Florida (1972-1992), compiled these materials as part of his research on the Civil Rights Movement and race relations in Tampa during the 1960s. The results of his research were published as \"From Sit-in to Race Riot: Businessmen, Blacks, and the Pursuit of Moderation in Tampa, 1960-1967,\" in  Southern Businessmen and Desegregation , 1982. ","Subsequent to their respective donations, the papers of Steven Lawson and Cody Fowler, which are closely related in subject, were merged into a single collection. Years later, rather than attempt to extricate one collection from the other, Dr. Lawson and archivist Andrew Huse agreed to change the collection's name and amend its documentation.","Selected information in Biog/Hist Note prepared by the Historical Monument Trail Selection Committee, Friends of the Riverwalk."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe civil rights papers of Cody Fowler and Steven Lawson, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["The civil rights papers of Cody Fowler and Steven Lawson, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProgress Village records, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Progress Village records, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMany of the documents in this collection provide insight into Cody Fowler's role in Tampa's desegregation. A large portion of the documents are correspondences between committee members of the Tampa Bi-Racial Committee, the Commission of Community Relations, and community officials. The collection also contains a large number of reports on African Americans, their lack of employment opportunities, and educational concerns.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Many of the documents in this collection provide insight into Cody Fowler's role in Tampa's desegregation. A large portion of the documents are correspondences between committee members of the Tampa Bi-Racial Committee, the Commission of Community Relations, and community officials. The collection also contains a large number of reports on African Americans, their lack of employment opportunities, and educational concerns."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone.\u0026#xA0; The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright.\u0026#xA0; Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["None.  The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_3abe5c2d17e88edd0120ab3bf0662503\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains materials separately created and collected by Cody Fowler and Steven Lawson. The materials have been combined into a single collection, and overlapping materials primarily document the civil rights of African American residents of Hillsborough County, FL.  \n\n***Note: Contact Special Collections regarding availability: spcinfo@usf.edu***\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains materials separately created and collected by Cody Fowler and Steven Lawson. The materials have been combined into a single collection, and overlapping materials primarily document the civil rights of African American residents of Hillsborough County, FL.  \n\n***Note: Contact Special Collections regarding availability: spcinfo@usf.edu***"],"names_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Fowler, Cody, 1892-1978","Lawson, Steven F. (1945-)"],"corpname_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Fowler, Cody, 1892-1978","Lawson, Steven F. (1945-)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":96,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"4ecda0709189a1ef8ee3f62e","timestamp":"2026-05-27T03:16:31.366Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/4ecda0709189a1ef8ee3f62e_aspace_81647"}},{"id":"6f3b5db6405c2d66149b5875_aspace_71984","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Correspondence, 1959-1981, 1991, Undated","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/6f3b5db6405c2d66149b5875_aspace_71984#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_71984","ref_ssm":["aspace_71984","aspace_71984"],"id":"6f3b5db6405c2d66149b5875_aspace_71984","title_filing_ssi":"Correspondence","title_ssm":["Correspondence"],"title_tesim":["Correspondence"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1959-1981, 1991, Undated"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1959-1981, 1991, Undated"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Correspondence, 1959-1981, 1991, Undated"],"text":["Correspondence, 1959-1981, 1991, Undated","Democratic Women's Club of Florida, Inc. Collection, 1945-2023","Collection Additions, 1945-2023","2017 Addition (2), 1950-2017, 1950-2017","Region IX, 1950-2017, Undated","Folder 11","/repositories/4/archival_objects/7065","box 34","folder 11"],"component_level_isim":[4],"parent_ids_ssim":["6f3b5db6405c2d66149b5875","6f3b5db6405c2d66149b5875_aspace_62781","6f3b5db6405c2d66149b5875_aspace_71878","6f3b5db6405c2d66149b5875_aspace_71980"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Democratic Women's Club of Florida, Inc. Collection, 1945-2023","Collection Additions, 1945-2023","2017 Addition (2), 1950-2017, 1950-2017","Region IX, 1950-2017, Undated"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Democratic Women's Club of Florida, Inc. Collection, 1945-2023","Collection Additions, 1945-2023","2017 Addition (2), 1950-2017, 1950-2017","Region IX, 1950-2017, Undated"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Subseries","Subseries"],"unitid_ssm":["Folder 11","/repositories/4/archival_objects/7065"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Democratic Women's Club of Florida, Inc. Collection, 1945-2023"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":527,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The entire collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"date_range_isim":[1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991],"containers_ssim":["box 34","folder 11"],"_nest_path_":"/components#9/components#2/components#9/components#2","_nest_parent_":"6f3b5db6405c2d66149b5875_aspace_71980","_root_":"6f3b5db6405c2d66149b5875","_version_":1870857995672354816,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:07:00.081Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"6f3b5db6405c2d66149b5875","title_ssm":["Democratic Women's Club of Florida, Inc. Collection"],"title_tesim":["Democratic Women's Club of Florida, Inc. Collection"],"ead_ssi":"6f3b5db6405c2d66149b5875","unitdate_ssm":["1945-2023"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1945-2023"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 081","/repositories/4/resources/36"],"text":["SC 081","/repositories/4/resources/36","Democratic Women's Club of Florida, Inc. Collection, 1945-2023","Charlotte County (Fla.)","Florida","Women -- Political activity","Women -- Societies and clubs","Political campaigns -- United States","Political participation","Political clubs","administrative reports","The entire collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged in ten series by administrative unit, from state level, to region level, down to club level. The files are arranged alphabetically within each series. Additions to the collection are processed with same arrangement starting over. beginning with the next consecutive box.","The Democratic Women's Club of Florida, Inc., (DWCF) began in 1956 as an organization for women to cooperate together in electing Democrats to local, state, and federal offices. The DWCF started as a small organization with a handful of members, but experienced large growth in the 1970s and 1980s. In 1972, the DWCF received its charter, qualifying it as a corporation. Today, the organization supports almost forty clubs throughout Florida and has been affiliated with the National Federation of Democratic Women (NFDW) since 1980. Florida is recognized as a Full Member State under the NFDW because it has a statewide Democratic Women's club organization; however, the NFDW does not directly influence the DWCF in its operations.","\nThe DWCF has a Board of Directors consisting of a president, secretary, treasurer, and supporting officers overseeing nine regions. These regions have changed in number and composition over time, but they are led by Councils consisting of a Chair, Vice Chair, Secretary/Treasurer and Immediate Past Chair. These regional councils support the local clubs who campaign for Democratic representatives at all levels of government and encourage voter registration and qualified Democratic women to run for public office. The Clubs elect their own president, secretary, treasurer, and supporting officers.","Collecton processed by Heather K. Black, Suphi Burak Ogreten, and John Settle; finding aid prepared by Heather K. Black, Suphi Burak Ogreten, and John Settle.","Documents were removed from original folders and placed in acid-free folders. Photographs were placed in polyester sleeves. Four large scrapbooks were wrapped and tied in acid-free paper.","2022 addition processed by Adam Hunt.","2023 addition processed by Asmara Cortes-Caba.  ","Other collections concerning women and politics include the  Beatrice B. Ettinger Papers, Phyllis J. Hudson Collection  and the  Lynda Van Scoyoc Women's Political Caucus Collection.","Series I: State, 1957-2006 contains materials on the operations of the Democratic Women's Club of Florida, Inc. The materials include quarterly reports, annual convention information, chronological files detailing the procedures of the club, meeting minutes, club handbooks, photographs, and scrapbooks.","\nSeries II: Region IV, 1983-1985 contains one scrapbook documenting two years of this region's activities.","\nSeries III: Region V, 1974-2002 contains correspondence, bylaws, files of the regional chair, quarterly reports from each individual club in the region, regional reports, \"The Democratic Woman\" newsletter, meeting minutes, newspaper clippings, and treasury reports.","\nSeries IV: Region VI, 1971-1995 contains club and region quarterly reports, meeting minutes, membership lists, newsletters, correspondence, one president's files, and treasury and secretary files and reports.","\nSeries V: Region VII, 1977-1994 contains materials on the administration of the DWCF, such as the function of its special committees, guidelines for creating budgets and new clubs, and the importance of membership. This series also contains meeting minutes, correspondence, and treasurer's information.","\nSeries VI: Boca-Delray-Boynton Club, 1996-2000 contains convention planning information, a grievance folder, meeting minutes, and the treasurer's report.","\nSeries VII: Charlotte County Club, includes chronological files, minutes and meeting information, photographs, scrapbooks and information on Florida House in Washington D.C., which provides hospitality to Floridians visiting the capital.","\nSeries VIII: Santa Rosa County Club, 1976 holds the club charter from 1976.","\nSeries IX: St. Lucie County Club, 1997-2001 contains meeting minutes and supplemental materials.","\nSeries X: Collection Additions, 1945-2023 contains additional materials received from Democratic Women's Club of Florida Inc. in 2012, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2020, 2022, and 2023. The addition received in 2023 primarily consists of quarterly reports from state officers, committee chairs, and club presidents from all thirteen regions. Additional materials also include programs for state conferences and county club events, state president reports as well as state budgets, plans, and proposals, documents and newspaper clippings collected by multiple county clubs, memorabilia relating to the 2020 presidential campaign and the Democratic Party collected by clubs, and a club scrapbook for the St. John's County club.   ","Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","The Democratic Women's Club of Florida, Inc. campaigns for Democratic representatives at all levels of government and encourages voter registration and qualified Democratic women to run for public office. This collection of bylaws, campaign items, correspondence, meeting minutes, newsletters, newspaper clippings, photographs, and scrapbooks documents the organization's activities, policies, and procedures.","UCF Special Collections","Democratic Women's Club of Florida","Florida House (Washington, D.C.)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 081","/repositories/4/resources/36"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1945-2023"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Democratic Women's Club of Florida, Inc. Collection, 1945-2023"],"collection_title_tesim":["Democratic Women's Club of Florida, Inc. Collection, 1945-2023"],"collection_ssim":["Democratic Women's Club of Florida, Inc. Collection, 1945-2023"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Charlotte County (Fla.)","Florida"],"geogname_ssim":["Charlotte County (Fla.)","Florida"],"creator_ssm":["Democratic Women's Club of Florida"],"creator_ssim":["Democratic Women's Club of Florida"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Democratic Women's Club of Florida"],"creators_ssim":["Democratic Women's Club of Florida"],"places_ssim":["Charlotte County (Fla.)","Florida"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Democratic Women's Club of Florida, Inc., donated these materials to the University of Central Florida Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives in 2008 (CFM2008_05). Additional materials were donated in 2012 (CFM2012_05), 2014 (CFM2014_06, CFM2014_10), 2015 (CFM2015_07), 2016 (CFM2016_08), 2017 (CFM2017_03), 2017 (CFM2017_14), 2018 (CFM2018_17), 2020 (CFM2020_04), 2022 (CFM2022_10), and 2023 (CFM2023_03)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women -- Political activity","Women -- Societies and clubs","Political campaigns -- United States","Political participation","Political clubs","administrative reports"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women -- Political activity","Women -- Societies and clubs","Political campaigns -- United States","Political participation","Political clubs","administrative reports"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["45.48 Linear Feet 48 Boxes, 38 Scrapbooks, 1 Flat File","776 Megabytes 2 flash drives"],"extent_tesim":["45.48 Linear Feet 48 Boxes, 38 Scrapbooks, 1 Flat File","776 Megabytes 2 flash drives"],"genreform_ssim":["administrative reports"],"date_range_isim":[1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in ten series by administrative unit, from state level, to region level, down to club level. The files are arranged alphabetically within each series. Additions to the collection are processed with same arrangement starting over. beginning with the next consecutive box.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in ten series by administrative unit, from state level, to region level, down to club level. The files are arranged alphabetically within each series. Additions to the collection are processed with same arrangement starting over. beginning with the next consecutive box."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Democratic Women's Club of Florida, Inc., (DWCF) began in 1956 as an organization for women to cooperate together in electing Democrats to local, state, and federal offices. The DWCF started as a small organization with a handful of members, but experienced large growth in the 1970s and 1980s. In 1972, the DWCF received its charter, qualifying it as a corporation. Today, the organization supports almost forty clubs throughout Florida and has been affiliated with the National Federation of Democratic Women (NFDW) since 1980. Florida is recognized as a Full Member State under the NFDW because it has a statewide Democratic Women's club organization; however, the NFDW does not directly influence the DWCF in its operations.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThe DWCF has a Board of Directors consisting of a president, secretary, treasurer, and supporting officers overseeing nine regions. These regions have changed in number and composition over time, but they are led by Councils consisting of a Chair, Vice Chair, Secretary/Treasurer and Immediate Past Chair. These regional councils support the local clubs who campaign for Democratic representatives at all levels of government and encourage voter registration and qualified Democratic women to run for public office. The Clubs elect their own president, secretary, treasurer, and supporting officers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Democratic Women's Club of Florida, Inc., (DWCF) began in 1956 as an organization for women to cooperate together in electing Democrats to local, state, and federal offices. The DWCF started as a small organization with a handful of members, but experienced large growth in the 1970s and 1980s. In 1972, the DWCF received its charter, qualifying it as a corporation. Today, the organization supports almost forty clubs throughout Florida and has been affiliated with the National Federation of Democratic Women (NFDW) since 1980. Florida is recognized as a Full Member State under the NFDW because it has a statewide Democratic Women's club organization; however, the NFDW does not directly influence the DWCF in its operations.","\nThe DWCF has a Board of Directors consisting of a president, secretary, treasurer, and supporting officers overseeing nine regions. These regions have changed in number and composition over time, but they are led by Councils consisting of a Chair, Vice Chair, Secretary/Treasurer and Immediate Past Chair. These regional councils support the local clubs who campaign for Democratic representatives at all levels of government and encourage voter registration and qualified Democratic women to run for public office. The Clubs elect their own president, secretary, treasurer, and supporting officers."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Democratic Women's Club of Florida, Inc. collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Democratic Women's Club of Florida, Inc. collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollecton processed by Heather K. Black, Suphi Burak Ogreten, and John Settle; finding aid prepared by Heather K. Black, Suphi Burak Ogreten, and John Settle.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocuments were removed from original folders and placed in acid-free folders. Photographs were placed in polyester sleeves. Four large scrapbooks were wrapped and tied in acid-free paper.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2022 addition processed by Adam Hunt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2023 addition processed by Asmara Cortes-Caba.  \u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Collecton processed by Heather K. Black, Suphi Burak Ogreten, and John Settle; finding aid prepared by Heather K. Black, Suphi Burak Ogreten, and John Settle.","Documents were removed from original folders and placed in acid-free folders. Photographs were placed in polyester sleeves. Four large scrapbooks were wrapped and tied in acid-free paper.","2022 addition processed by Adam Hunt.","2023 addition processed by Asmara Cortes-Caba.  "],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOther collections concerning women and politics include the \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2002-02\"\u003eBeatrice B. Ettinger Papers,\u003c/extref\u003e \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2005-02\"\u003ePhyllis J. Hudson Collection\u003c/extref\u003e and the \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2005-15\"\u003eLynda Van Scoyoc Women's Political Caucus Collection.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Other collections concerning women and politics include the  Beatrice B. Ettinger Papers, Phyllis J. Hudson Collection  and the  Lynda Van Scoyoc Women's Political Caucus Collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I: State, 1957-2006 contains materials on the operations of the Democratic Women's Club of Florida, Inc. The materials include quarterly reports, annual convention information, chronological files detailing the procedures of the club, meeting minutes, club handbooks, photographs, and scrapbooks.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries II: Region IV, 1983-1985 contains one scrapbook documenting two years of this region's activities.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries III: Region V, 1974-2002 contains correspondence, bylaws, files of the regional chair, quarterly reports from each individual club in the region, regional reports, \"The Democratic Woman\" newsletter, meeting minutes, newspaper clippings, and treasury reports.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries IV: Region VI, 1971-1995 contains club and region quarterly reports, meeting minutes, membership lists, newsletters, correspondence, one president's files, and treasury and secretary files and reports.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries V: Region VII, 1977-1994 contains materials on the administration of the DWCF, such as the function of its special committees, guidelines for creating budgets and new clubs, and the importance of membership. This series also contains meeting minutes, correspondence, and treasurer's information.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VI: Boca-Delray-Boynton Club, 1996-2000 contains convention planning information, a grievance folder, meeting minutes, and the treasurer's report.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VII: Charlotte County Club, includes chronological files, minutes and meeting information, photographs, scrapbooks and information on Florida House in Washington D.C., which provides hospitality to Floridians visiting the capital.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VIII: Santa Rosa County Club, 1976 holds the club charter from 1976.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries IX: St. Lucie County Club, 1997-2001 contains meeting minutes and supplemental materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries X: Collection Additions, 1945-2023 contains additional materials received from Democratic Women's Club of Florida Inc. in 2012, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2020, 2022, and 2023. The addition received in 2023 primarily consists of quarterly reports from state officers, committee chairs, and club presidents from all thirteen regions. Additional materials also include programs for state conferences and county club events, state president reports as well as state budgets, plans, and proposals, documents and newspaper clippings collected by multiple county clubs, memorabilia relating to the 2020 presidential campaign and the Democratic Party collected by clubs, and a club scrapbook for the St. John's County club.   \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Series I: State, 1957-2006 contains materials on the operations of the Democratic Women's Club of Florida, Inc. The materials include quarterly reports, annual convention information, chronological files detailing the procedures of the club, meeting minutes, club handbooks, photographs, and scrapbooks.","\nSeries II: Region IV, 1983-1985 contains one scrapbook documenting two years of this region's activities.","\nSeries III: Region V, 1974-2002 contains correspondence, bylaws, files of the regional chair, quarterly reports from each individual club in the region, regional reports, \"The Democratic Woman\" newsletter, meeting minutes, newspaper clippings, and treasury reports.","\nSeries IV: Region VI, 1971-1995 contains club and region quarterly reports, meeting minutes, membership lists, newsletters, correspondence, one president's files, and treasury and secretary files and reports.","\nSeries V: Region VII, 1977-1994 contains materials on the administration of the DWCF, such as the function of its special committees, guidelines for creating budgets and new clubs, and the importance of membership. This series also contains meeting minutes, correspondence, and treasurer's information.","\nSeries VI: Boca-Delray-Boynton Club, 1996-2000 contains convention planning information, a grievance folder, meeting minutes, and the treasurer's report.","\nSeries VII: Charlotte County Club, includes chronological files, minutes and meeting information, photographs, scrapbooks and information on Florida House in Washington D.C., which provides hospitality to Floridians visiting the capital.","\nSeries VIII: Santa Rosa County Club, 1976 holds the club charter from 1976.","\nSeries IX: St. Lucie County Club, 1997-2001 contains meeting minutes and supplemental materials.","\nSeries X: Collection Additions, 1945-2023 contains additional materials received from Democratic Women's Club of Florida Inc. in 2012, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2020, 2022, and 2023. The addition received in 2023 primarily consists of quarterly reports from state officers, committee chairs, and club presidents from all thirteen regions. Additional materials also include programs for state conferences and county club events, state president reports as well as state budgets, plans, and proposals, documents and newspaper clippings collected by multiple county clubs, memorabilia relating to the 2020 presidential campaign and the Democratic Party collected by clubs, and a club scrapbook for the St. John's County club.   "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_34aa931c9ed01cb6aacb26122c584d31\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Democratic Women's Club of Florida, Inc. campaigns for Democratic representatives at all levels of government and encourages voter registration and qualified Democratic women to run for public office. This collection of bylaws, campaign items, correspondence, meeting minutes, newsletters, newspaper clippings, photographs, and scrapbooks documents the organization's activities, policies, and procedures.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Democratic Women's Club of Florida, Inc. campaigns for Democratic representatives at all levels of government and encourages voter registration and qualified Democratic women to run for public office. This collection of bylaws, campaign items, correspondence, meeting minutes, newsletters, newspaper clippings, photographs, and scrapbooks documents the organization's activities, policies, and procedures."],"names_coll_ssim":["Florida House (Washington, D.C.)"],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Democratic Women's Club of Florida","Florida House (Washington, D.C.)"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Democratic Women's Club of Florida","Florida House (Washington, D.C.)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":744,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870857995672354816,"_root_":"6f3b5db6405c2d66149b5875","timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:07:00.081Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/6f3b5db6405c2d66149b5875_aspace_71984"}},{"id":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_6f2cc9ac1fd5f1bafddb913fa1904cd8","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Correspondence (3 of 5), 1959-1987, Undated","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_6f2cc9ac1fd5f1bafddb913fa1904cd8#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_6f2cc9ac1fd5f1bafddb913fa1904cd8","ref_ssm":["aspace_6f2cc9ac1fd5f1bafddb913fa1904cd8","aspace_6f2cc9ac1fd5f1bafddb913fa1904cd8"],"id":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_6f2cc9ac1fd5f1bafddb913fa1904cd8","title_filing_ssi":"Correspondence (3 of 5)","title_ssm":["Correspondence (3 of 5)"],"title_tesim":["Correspondence (3 of 5)"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1959-1987, Undated"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1959-1987, Undated"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Correspondence (3 of 5), 1959-1987, Undated"],"text":["Correspondence (3 of 5), 1959-1987, Undated","José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013","Personal Files, 1887-2011, Undated","Folder 5","/repositories/4/archival_objects/54098","box 19","folder 5"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_65c14964c404730e716ecc3656fa690b"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013","Personal Files, 1887-2011, Undated"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013","Personal Files, 1887-2011, Undated"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["Folder 5","/repositories/4/archival_objects/54098"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":219,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The entire collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder."],"date_range_isim":[1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987],"containers_ssim":["box 19","folder 5"],"_nest_path_":"/components#3/components#4","_nest_parent_":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_65c14964c404730e716ecc3656fa690b","_root_":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","_version_":1870857755411087360,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:03:10.972Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","title_ssm":["José Guerra Alemán Collection"],"title_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection"],"ead_ssi":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","unitdate_ssm":["1887-2013"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1887-2013"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC.098","/repositories/4/resources/204"],"text":["SC.098","/repositories/4/resources/204","José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013","Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs","Cuba -- History -- Description and Travel","Cuba -- History -- Pictorial works","correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","The entire collection is open for research.","José Guerra Alemán was born to José Guerra and Herminia Alemán-Valdes on November 20, 1922 in Cuba. He referred to alternative names such as José Guerra Alemán, his initials J.G.A. and his nickname Pepín. Many of his closest friends and family called him as Pepín. His family contained of six members that included his three siblings, Maria Vicenta Guerra, Rafael Luis Guerra, and an eldest brother who his name is unknown. His brother, Rafael L. Guerra was born on November 20, 1926 in Habana, Cuba and died on October 2, 1998 in Miami, Florida. His sister, Maria, was born on June 19, 1924 in Habana, Cuba. A year after her brother's death, she died on February 27, 1999 in Miami, Florida. In her later years, she was a homemaker and she never married.","In his early years, he enrolled in the United States military at the age of 20 in 1942. He participated in the 8th Army (Octavo Ejército) of EE.UU. (United States). He covered the campaign of the Pacific as the 35th Division of Infantry (35 División de Infantería) called División Relámpago (Lightning Division). He finished training in the military at Fort Dix, Burlington County, New Jersey in the Delaware River region on October of 1946.","Once he finished his service, he returned to Cuba and founded a company called CINEPERIODICO in 1947. His motivation of starting this company began from his interest in journalism. At the age of 16, he delved into both journalism and short films/news films. He was one of the editors of Él País, La Habana. These experiences guided him to globally make notorious documentaries and cinematography of actual events and issues. He traveled around the globe. For instance, he registered for a temporary immigration card to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1959 as a journalist. As a result for his traveling, he encountered prominent leaders of various movements.","One of those encounters, José Guerra Alemán climbed the Mountains of Sierra Maestra, in the province of East of the Island of Cuba to interview Fidel Castro and Che Guevara. Under the agency of his company, CINEPERIODICO, he personally knew these men and those who were a part of the guerillas during the Cuban Revolution. In 1950, he worked with José García and Eduardo Hernández (Guayo) in the same company. José Guerra Alemán directed films such as Sangre Y Esperanza: La Cuba de Hoy (Blood and Hope: the Cuba of Today and El Gran Recuento (The Great Story). He also took the position as the Senior Vice President of Guastella Film Producers Inc., an advertising firm in Puerto Rico, where he did similar works until he retired in 1990. This included the creation of historical documentary films.","With his interest in Cuba's history and living at a time of historical changes in Cuba, he wrote extensive materials along those themes. He wrote Aún Hay Luna En Los Cerros, Ensayos (Las Mayorías Discriminadas): En Defensa de la Mujer, Barro y Cenizas (Díalogos con Fidel Castro y el Che Guevara), and Juro Pero No Prometo (Biografía de su Abuelo el General José Braulio Alemán). His major work composes four volumes of encyclopedias called Cuba Infinita. Each book contains specific chronological decades and starts from 1855, when the first photographs of the city were available by American artist Fredericks De Forest, to 1958, when the Republic collapsed. The volumes includes more than a thousand selected photos of the history of Cuba, from colonial times to the Spanish American War. The reader walks through time and gets to see the transformation of Cuba. He included photographs received by family, friends, colleagues and what he collected from his travels. He also was inspired and guided from the work called La Enciclopedia de Cuba.","Understanding where his family came from and knowing the other members of his family tree can provide a part of José Guerra Alemán's identity. Jose Guerra Alemán's maternal bloodline had a huge role in the movement toward Cuba's independence against colonialism and imperialism. His grandfather named José Braulio Guerra Alemán fought in the Spanish-American War as a Cuban Brigadier General and was the principal author to the Constitution of Cuba proclaimed at Yara in 1896. He worked as a lawyer, newspaper owner, advocate of the liberation of Cuba, senator and governor for the province of Las Villas, minister of Education and ambassador to Mexico. His half uncle, José Manuel Alemán, served in the Cuban government as Minister of Education during the presidency of Dr. Ramón Grau San Martin, president of the Authentic Party (Partido Auténtico) in La Habana, and Senator of the Republic. His family went through three generations of leaders and fighters for Cuban independence through revolutions or preserving its history and culture.","He rested on February 22, 2013 in Miami, Florida. He survived his wife named Lidia Llano who he married on September 22, 1945 and left a son named Carlos Guerra Llano. He left a mark of what he had done, significant work in Cuba's history. However, he has not been given as much attention as he deserves in any setting, especially in academia. It is the many aspects of unknown history and researching the people from below like Alemán. He was a Cuban, veteran, journalist, nontraditional historian, and founder of a journalist business.","Materials are housed in acid free folders and boxes; photographs and negatives were placed in clear sleeves; publications removed from the collection and cataloged separately.","Books collected by José Guerra Alemán can be found by performing a series search for \"José Guerra Alemán Collection\" in the UCF Libraries catalog.","This collection was arranged in seven series:","\nSeries I. Manuscripts, 1915-2013, Undated, includes notes that Alemán took on varieties of subjects. His interests ranged from the origin of words and meaning of phrases to his summaries and interpretations of authors' works.","\nSeries II: Research Files, 1898-2012, Undated, holds a combination of newspapers, images, and works of others where Alemán used for the publication of Cuba Infinita and his work on Cuban and Latin American history, involving their relations to other countries.","\nSeries III: Publications, 1987-2008, Undated, contains his writings that has drafts of his published work, his articles from newspapers, and promotional materials advertising his works.","\nSeries IV: Personal Files, 1887-2011, Undated, provides letters between Aleman and his family members and between Aleman and business workers. They share insight of Aleman's genealogy and Aleman's work ethic. Series also includes various maps and postcards. ","\nSeries V: Visual Materials, Circa 1900-Circa 2000, Undated, includes photographs and negatives of José G. Alemán and his relatives; overseas trips as a Journalist; and images of Cuba, cubans, and public buildings. Series also includes a CD of \"Fidel Castro: La Historia Lo Absolvera\" and another CD contains a song from Marisela Verena \"Mi Pinar del Rio\".","\nSeries VI: Memorabilia, 1926-1977, Undated, comprises hats from different places that Aleman travelled, identification cards, and a lottery ticket from Republic of Cuba, 1949.","\nSeries VII: Oversize Materials, 1958-2008, Undated, includes large maps of various countries, posters, a proof sheet for Cuba Infinita, and a game card \"La Charada Cubana.\"","Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder.","The collection is filled with Cuban history and researched materials on society's past was created by Cuban and American journalist José Guerra Alemán. The materials range from photographs of his travels to cultural sites and countries to personal notes on literature of other scholars' works and his published books. He is most notable of his published four-volume encyclopedia on Cuban history called Cuba Infinita.","UCF Special Collections","Guerra Alemán, José","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC.098","/repositories/4/resources/204"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1887-2013"],"normalized_title_ssm":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"collection_title_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"collection_ssim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs"],"geogname_ssim":["Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs"],"creator_ssm":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"creator_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"creators_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"places_ssim":["Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated by Carlos Guerra, José Guerra Alemán's son, to the University of Central Florida Libraries in 2014. (CFM2014_07)"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Cuba -- History -- Description and Travel","Cuba -- History -- Pictorial works","correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Cuba -- History -- Description and Travel","Cuba -- History -- Pictorial works","correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["17.5 Linear Feet 20 boxes, 1 Flat File"],"extent_tesim":["17.5 Linear Feet 20 boxes, 1 Flat File"],"genreform_ssim":["correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints"],"date_range_isim":[1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n was born to Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra and Herminia Alem\u0026#xE1;n-Valdes on November 20, 1922 in Cuba. He referred to alternative names such as Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n, his initials J.G.A. and his nickname Pep\u0026#xED;n. Many of his closest friends and family called him as Pep\u0026#xED;n. His family contained of six members that included his three siblings, Maria Vicenta Guerra, Rafael Luis Guerra, and an eldest brother who his name is unknown. His brother, Rafael L. Guerra was born on November 20, 1926 in Habana, Cuba and died on October 2, 1998 in Miami, Florida. His sister, Maria, was born on June 19, 1924 in Habana, Cuba. A year after her brother's death, she died on February 27, 1999 in Miami, Florida. In her later years, she was a homemaker and she never married.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn his early years, he enrolled in the United States military at the age of 20 in 1942. He participated in the 8th Army (Octavo Ej\u0026#xE9;rcito) of EE.UU. (United States). He covered the campaign of the Pacific as the 35th Division of Infantry (35 Divisi\u0026#xF3;n de Infanter\u0026#xED;a) called Divisi\u0026#xF3;n Rel\u0026#xE1;mpago (Lightning Division). He finished training in the military at Fort Dix, Burlington County, New Jersey in the Delaware River region on October of 1946.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOnce he finished his service, he returned to Cuba and founded a company called CINEPERIODICO in 1947. His motivation of starting this company began from his interest in journalism. At the age of 16, he delved into both journalism and short films/news films. He was one of the editors of \u0026#xC9;l Pa\u0026#xED;s, La Habana. These experiences guided him to globally make notorious documentaries and cinematography of actual events and issues. He traveled around the globe. For instance, he registered for a temporary immigration card to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1959 as a journalist. As a result for his traveling, he encountered prominent leaders of various movements.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOne of those encounters, Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n climbed the Mountains of Sierra Maestra, in the province of East of the Island of Cuba to interview Fidel Castro and Che Guevara. Under the agency of his company, CINEPERIODICO, he personally knew these men and those who were a part of the guerillas during the Cuban Revolution. In 1950, he worked with Jos\u0026#xE9; Garc\u0026#xED;a and Eduardo Hern\u0026#xE1;ndez (Guayo) in the same company. Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n directed films such as Sangre Y Esperanza: La Cuba de Hoy (Blood and Hope: the Cuba of Today and El Gran Recuento (The Great Story). He also took the position as the Senior Vice President of Guastella Film Producers Inc., an advertising firm in Puerto Rico, where he did similar works until he retired in 1990. This included the creation of historical documentary films.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWith his interest in Cuba's history and living at a time of historical changes in Cuba, he wrote extensive materials along those themes. He wrote A\u0026#xFA;n Hay Luna En Los Cerros, Ensayos (Las Mayor\u0026#xED;as Discriminadas): En Defensa de la Mujer, Barro y Cenizas (D\u0026#xED;alogos con Fidel Castro y el Che Guevara), and Juro Pero No Prometo (Biograf\u0026#xED;a de su Abuelo el General Jos\u0026#xE9; Braulio Alem\u0026#xE1;n). His major work composes four volumes of encyclopedias called Cuba Infinita. Each book contains specific chronological decades and starts from 1855, when the first photographs of the city were available by American artist Fredericks De Forest, to 1958, when the Republic collapsed. The volumes includes more than a thousand selected photos of the history of Cuba, from colonial times to the Spanish American War. The reader walks through time and gets to see the transformation of Cuba. He included photographs received by family, friends, colleagues and what he collected from his travels. He also was inspired and guided from the work called La Enciclopedia de Cuba.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUnderstanding where his family came from and knowing the other members of his family tree can provide a part of Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n's identity. Jose Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n's maternal bloodline had a huge role in the movement toward Cuba's independence against colonialism and imperialism. His grandfather named Jos\u0026#xE9; Braulio Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n fought in the Spanish-American War as a Cuban Brigadier General and was the principal author to the Constitution of Cuba proclaimed at Yara in 1896. He worked as a lawyer, newspaper owner, advocate of the liberation of Cuba, senator and governor for the province of Las Villas, minister of Education and ambassador to Mexico. His half uncle, Jos\u0026#xE9; Manuel Alem\u0026#xE1;n, served in the Cuban government as Minister of Education during the presidency of Dr. Ram\u0026#xF3;n Grau San Martin, president of the Authentic Party (Partido Aut\u0026#xE9;ntico) in La Habana, and Senator of the Republic. His family went through three generations of leaders and fighters for Cuban independence through revolutions or preserving its history and culture.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe rested on February 22, 2013 in Miami, Florida. He survived his wife named Lidia Llano who he married on September 22, 1945 and left a son named Carlos Guerra Llano. He left a mark of what he had done, significant work in Cuba's history. However, he has not been given as much attention as he deserves in any setting, especially in academia. It is the many aspects of unknown history and researching the people from below like Alem\u0026#xE1;n. He was a Cuban, veteran, journalist, nontraditional historian, and founder of a journalist business.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán was born to José Guerra and Herminia Alemán-Valdes on November 20, 1922 in Cuba. He referred to alternative names such as José Guerra Alemán, his initials J.G.A. and his nickname Pepín. Many of his closest friends and family called him as Pepín. His family contained of six members that included his three siblings, Maria Vicenta Guerra, Rafael Luis Guerra, and an eldest brother who his name is unknown. His brother, Rafael L. Guerra was born on November 20, 1926 in Habana, Cuba and died on October 2, 1998 in Miami, Florida. His sister, Maria, was born on June 19, 1924 in Habana, Cuba. A year after her brother's death, she died on February 27, 1999 in Miami, Florida. In her later years, she was a homemaker and she never married.","In his early years, he enrolled in the United States military at the age of 20 in 1942. He participated in the 8th Army (Octavo Ejército) of EE.UU. (United States). He covered the campaign of the Pacific as the 35th Division of Infantry (35 División de Infantería) called División Relámpago (Lightning Division). He finished training in the military at Fort Dix, Burlington County, New Jersey in the Delaware River region on October of 1946.","Once he finished his service, he returned to Cuba and founded a company called CINEPERIODICO in 1947. His motivation of starting this company began from his interest in journalism. At the age of 16, he delved into both journalism and short films/news films. He was one of the editors of Él País, La Habana. These experiences guided him to globally make notorious documentaries and cinematography of actual events and issues. He traveled around the globe. For instance, he registered for a temporary immigration card to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1959 as a journalist. As a result for his traveling, he encountered prominent leaders of various movements.","One of those encounters, José Guerra Alemán climbed the Mountains of Sierra Maestra, in the province of East of the Island of Cuba to interview Fidel Castro and Che Guevara. Under the agency of his company, CINEPERIODICO, he personally knew these men and those who were a part of the guerillas during the Cuban Revolution. In 1950, he worked with José García and Eduardo Hernández (Guayo) in the same company. José Guerra Alemán directed films such as Sangre Y Esperanza: La Cuba de Hoy (Blood and Hope: the Cuba of Today and El Gran Recuento (The Great Story). He also took the position as the Senior Vice President of Guastella Film Producers Inc., an advertising firm in Puerto Rico, where he did similar works until he retired in 1990. This included the creation of historical documentary films.","With his interest in Cuba's history and living at a time of historical changes in Cuba, he wrote extensive materials along those themes. He wrote Aún Hay Luna En Los Cerros, Ensayos (Las Mayorías Discriminadas): En Defensa de la Mujer, Barro y Cenizas (Díalogos con Fidel Castro y el Che Guevara), and Juro Pero No Prometo (Biografía de su Abuelo el General José Braulio Alemán). His major work composes four volumes of encyclopedias called Cuba Infinita. Each book contains specific chronological decades and starts from 1855, when the first photographs of the city were available by American artist Fredericks De Forest, to 1958, when the Republic collapsed. The volumes includes more than a thousand selected photos of the history of Cuba, from colonial times to the Spanish American War. The reader walks through time and gets to see the transformation of Cuba. He included photographs received by family, friends, colleagues and what he collected from his travels. He also was inspired and guided from the work called La Enciclopedia de Cuba.","Understanding where his family came from and knowing the other members of his family tree can provide a part of José Guerra Alemán's identity. Jose Guerra Alemán's maternal bloodline had a huge role in the movement toward Cuba's independence against colonialism and imperialism. His grandfather named José Braulio Guerra Alemán fought in the Spanish-American War as a Cuban Brigadier General and was the principal author to the Constitution of Cuba proclaimed at Yara in 1896. He worked as a lawyer, newspaper owner, advocate of the liberation of Cuba, senator and governor for the province of Las Villas, minister of Education and ambassador to Mexico. His half uncle, José Manuel Alemán, served in the Cuban government as Minister of Education during the presidency of Dr. Ramón Grau San Martin, president of the Authentic Party (Partido Auténtico) in La Habana, and Senator of the Republic. His family went through three generations of leaders and fighters for Cuban independence through revolutions or preserving its history and culture.","He rested on February 22, 2013 in Miami, Florida. He survived his wife named Lidia Llano who he married on September 22, 1945 and left a son named Carlos Guerra Llano. He left a mark of what he had done, significant work in Cuba's history. However, he has not been given as much attention as he deserves in any setting, especially in academia. It is the many aspects of unknown history and researching the people from below like Alemán. He was a Cuban, veteran, journalist, nontraditional historian, and founder of a journalist business."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n Collection, Special Collections and UniversityArchives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, Special Collections and UniversityArchives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials are housed in acid free folders and boxes; photographs and negatives were placed in clear sleeves; publications removed from the collection and cataloged separately.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Materials are housed in acid free folders and boxes; photographs and negatives were placed in clear sleeves; publications removed from the collection and cataloged separately."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBooks collected by Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n can be found by performing a series search for \"Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n Collection\" in the UCF Libraries catalog.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Books collected by José Guerra Alemán can be found by performing a series search for \"José Guerra Alemán Collection\" in the UCF Libraries catalog."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection was arranged in seven series:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries I. Manuscripts, 1915-2013, Undated, includes notes that Alem\u0026#xE1;n took on varieties of subjects. His interests ranged from the origin of words and meaning of phrases to his summaries and interpretations of authors' works.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries II: Research Files, 1898-2012, Undated, holds a combination of newspapers, images, and works of others where Alem\u0026#xE1;n used for the publication of Cuba Infinita and his work on Cuban and Latin American history, involving their relations to other countries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries III: Publications, 1987-2008, Undated, contains his writings that has drafts of his published work, his articles from newspapers, and promotional materials advertising his works.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries IV: Personal Files, 1887-2011, Undated, provides letters between Aleman and his family members and between Aleman and business workers. They share insight of Aleman's genealogy and Aleman's work ethic. Series also includes various maps and postcards. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries V: Visual Materials, Circa 1900-Circa 2000, Undated, includes photographs and negatives of Jos\u0026#xE9; G. Alem\u0026#xE1;n and his relatives; overseas trips as a Journalist; and images of Cuba, cubans, and public buildings. Series also includes a CD of \"Fidel Castro: La Historia Lo Absolvera\" and another CD contains a song from Marisela Verena \"Mi Pinar del Rio\".\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VI: Memorabilia, 1926-1977, Undated, comprises hats from different places that Aleman travelled, identification cards, and a lottery ticket from Republic of Cuba, 1949.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VII: Oversize Materials, 1958-2008, Undated, includes large maps of various countries, posters, a proof sheet for Cuba Infinita, and a game card \"La Charada Cubana.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection was arranged in seven series:","\nSeries I. Manuscripts, 1915-2013, Undated, includes notes that Alemán took on varieties of subjects. His interests ranged from the origin of words and meaning of phrases to his summaries and interpretations of authors' works.","\nSeries II: Research Files, 1898-2012, Undated, holds a combination of newspapers, images, and works of others where Alemán used for the publication of Cuba Infinita and his work on Cuban and Latin American history, involving their relations to other countries.","\nSeries III: Publications, 1987-2008, Undated, contains his writings that has drafts of his published work, his articles from newspapers, and promotional materials advertising his works.","\nSeries IV: Personal Files, 1887-2011, Undated, provides letters between Aleman and his family members and between Aleman and business workers. They share insight of Aleman's genealogy and Aleman's work ethic. Series also includes various maps and postcards. ","\nSeries V: Visual Materials, Circa 1900-Circa 2000, Undated, includes photographs and negatives of José G. Alemán and his relatives; overseas trips as a Journalist; and images of Cuba, cubans, and public buildings. Series also includes a CD of \"Fidel Castro: La Historia Lo Absolvera\" and another CD contains a song from Marisela Verena \"Mi Pinar del Rio\".","\nSeries VI: Memorabilia, 1926-1977, Undated, comprises hats from different places that Aleman travelled, identification cards, and a lottery ticket from Republic of Cuba, 1949.","\nSeries VII: Oversize Materials, 1958-2008, Undated, includes large maps of various countries, posters, a proof sheet for Cuba Infinita, and a game card \"La Charada Cubana.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e4d41ff341ce7470c0d40282c3f71dd8\"\u003eThe collection is filled with Cuban history and researched materials on society's past was created by Cuban and American journalist Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n. The materials range from photographs of his travels to cultural sites and countries to personal notes on literature of other scholars' works and his published books. He is most notable of his published four-volume encyclopedia on Cuban history called Cuba Infinita.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection is filled with Cuban history and researched materials on society's past was created by Cuban and American journalist José Guerra Alemán. The materials range from photographs of his travels to cultural sites and countries to personal notes on literature of other scholars' works and his published books. He is most notable of his published four-volume encyclopedia on Cuban history called Cuba Infinita."],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Guerra Alemán, José"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":282,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870857755411087360,"_root_":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:03:10.972Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_6f2cc9ac1fd5f1bafddb913fa1904cd8"}},{"id":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_11cb4840f4144cc0b3d501a48baa02e1","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Correspondence (4 of 5), 1931-2006, Undated","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_11cb4840f4144cc0b3d501a48baa02e1#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_11cb4840f4144cc0b3d501a48baa02e1","ref_ssm":["aspace_11cb4840f4144cc0b3d501a48baa02e1","aspace_11cb4840f4144cc0b3d501a48baa02e1"],"id":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_11cb4840f4144cc0b3d501a48baa02e1","title_filing_ssi":"Correspondence (4 of 5)","title_ssm":["Correspondence (4 of 5)"],"title_tesim":["Correspondence (4 of 5)"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1931-2006, Undated"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1931-2006, Undated"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Correspondence (4 of 5), 1931-2006, Undated"],"text":["Correspondence (4 of 5), 1931-2006, Undated","José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013","Personal Files, 1887-2011, Undated","Folder 6","/repositories/4/archival_objects/54099","box 19","folder 6"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_65c14964c404730e716ecc3656fa690b"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013","Personal Files, 1887-2011, Undated"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013","Personal Files, 1887-2011, Undated"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["Folder 6","/repositories/4/archival_objects/54099"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":220,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The entire collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder."],"date_range_isim":[1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006],"containers_ssim":["box 19","folder 6"],"_nest_path_":"/components#3/components#5","_nest_parent_":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_65c14964c404730e716ecc3656fa690b","_root_":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","_version_":1870857755411087360,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:03:10.972Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","title_ssm":["José Guerra Alemán Collection"],"title_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection"],"ead_ssi":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","unitdate_ssm":["1887-2013"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1887-2013"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC.098","/repositories/4/resources/204"],"text":["SC.098","/repositories/4/resources/204","José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013","Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs","Cuba -- History -- Description and Travel","Cuba -- History -- Pictorial works","correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","The entire collection is open for research.","José Guerra Alemán was born to José Guerra and Herminia Alemán-Valdes on November 20, 1922 in Cuba. He referred to alternative names such as José Guerra Alemán, his initials J.G.A. and his nickname Pepín. Many of his closest friends and family called him as Pepín. His family contained of six members that included his three siblings, Maria Vicenta Guerra, Rafael Luis Guerra, and an eldest brother who his name is unknown. His brother, Rafael L. Guerra was born on November 20, 1926 in Habana, Cuba and died on October 2, 1998 in Miami, Florida. His sister, Maria, was born on June 19, 1924 in Habana, Cuba. A year after her brother's death, she died on February 27, 1999 in Miami, Florida. In her later years, she was a homemaker and she never married.","In his early years, he enrolled in the United States military at the age of 20 in 1942. He participated in the 8th Army (Octavo Ejército) of EE.UU. (United States). He covered the campaign of the Pacific as the 35th Division of Infantry (35 División de Infantería) called División Relámpago (Lightning Division). He finished training in the military at Fort Dix, Burlington County, New Jersey in the Delaware River region on October of 1946.","Once he finished his service, he returned to Cuba and founded a company called CINEPERIODICO in 1947. His motivation of starting this company began from his interest in journalism. At the age of 16, he delved into both journalism and short films/news films. He was one of the editors of Él País, La Habana. These experiences guided him to globally make notorious documentaries and cinematography of actual events and issues. He traveled around the globe. For instance, he registered for a temporary immigration card to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1959 as a journalist. As a result for his traveling, he encountered prominent leaders of various movements.","One of those encounters, José Guerra Alemán climbed the Mountains of Sierra Maestra, in the province of East of the Island of Cuba to interview Fidel Castro and Che Guevara. Under the agency of his company, CINEPERIODICO, he personally knew these men and those who were a part of the guerillas during the Cuban Revolution. In 1950, he worked with José García and Eduardo Hernández (Guayo) in the same company. José Guerra Alemán directed films such as Sangre Y Esperanza: La Cuba de Hoy (Blood and Hope: the Cuba of Today and El Gran Recuento (The Great Story). He also took the position as the Senior Vice President of Guastella Film Producers Inc., an advertising firm in Puerto Rico, where he did similar works until he retired in 1990. This included the creation of historical documentary films.","With his interest in Cuba's history and living at a time of historical changes in Cuba, he wrote extensive materials along those themes. He wrote Aún Hay Luna En Los Cerros, Ensayos (Las Mayorías Discriminadas): En Defensa de la Mujer, Barro y Cenizas (Díalogos con Fidel Castro y el Che Guevara), and Juro Pero No Prometo (Biografía de su Abuelo el General José Braulio Alemán). His major work composes four volumes of encyclopedias called Cuba Infinita. Each book contains specific chronological decades and starts from 1855, when the first photographs of the city were available by American artist Fredericks De Forest, to 1958, when the Republic collapsed. The volumes includes more than a thousand selected photos of the history of Cuba, from colonial times to the Spanish American War. The reader walks through time and gets to see the transformation of Cuba. He included photographs received by family, friends, colleagues and what he collected from his travels. He also was inspired and guided from the work called La Enciclopedia de Cuba.","Understanding where his family came from and knowing the other members of his family tree can provide a part of José Guerra Alemán's identity. Jose Guerra Alemán's maternal bloodline had a huge role in the movement toward Cuba's independence against colonialism and imperialism. His grandfather named José Braulio Guerra Alemán fought in the Spanish-American War as a Cuban Brigadier General and was the principal author to the Constitution of Cuba proclaimed at Yara in 1896. He worked as a lawyer, newspaper owner, advocate of the liberation of Cuba, senator and governor for the province of Las Villas, minister of Education and ambassador to Mexico. His half uncle, José Manuel Alemán, served in the Cuban government as Minister of Education during the presidency of Dr. Ramón Grau San Martin, president of the Authentic Party (Partido Auténtico) in La Habana, and Senator of the Republic. His family went through three generations of leaders and fighters for Cuban independence through revolutions or preserving its history and culture.","He rested on February 22, 2013 in Miami, Florida. He survived his wife named Lidia Llano who he married on September 22, 1945 and left a son named Carlos Guerra Llano. He left a mark of what he had done, significant work in Cuba's history. However, he has not been given as much attention as he deserves in any setting, especially in academia. It is the many aspects of unknown history and researching the people from below like Alemán. He was a Cuban, veteran, journalist, nontraditional historian, and founder of a journalist business.","Materials are housed in acid free folders and boxes; photographs and negatives were placed in clear sleeves; publications removed from the collection and cataloged separately.","Books collected by José Guerra Alemán can be found by performing a series search for \"José Guerra Alemán Collection\" in the UCF Libraries catalog.","This collection was arranged in seven series:","\nSeries I. Manuscripts, 1915-2013, Undated, includes notes that Alemán took on varieties of subjects. His interests ranged from the origin of words and meaning of phrases to his summaries and interpretations of authors' works.","\nSeries II: Research Files, 1898-2012, Undated, holds a combination of newspapers, images, and works of others where Alemán used for the publication of Cuba Infinita and his work on Cuban and Latin American history, involving their relations to other countries.","\nSeries III: Publications, 1987-2008, Undated, contains his writings that has drafts of his published work, his articles from newspapers, and promotional materials advertising his works.","\nSeries IV: Personal Files, 1887-2011, Undated, provides letters between Aleman and his family members and between Aleman and business workers. They share insight of Aleman's genealogy and Aleman's work ethic. Series also includes various maps and postcards. ","\nSeries V: Visual Materials, Circa 1900-Circa 2000, Undated, includes photographs and negatives of José G. Alemán and his relatives; overseas trips as a Journalist; and images of Cuba, cubans, and public buildings. Series also includes a CD of \"Fidel Castro: La Historia Lo Absolvera\" and another CD contains a song from Marisela Verena \"Mi Pinar del Rio\".","\nSeries VI: Memorabilia, 1926-1977, Undated, comprises hats from different places that Aleman travelled, identification cards, and a lottery ticket from Republic of Cuba, 1949.","\nSeries VII: Oversize Materials, 1958-2008, Undated, includes large maps of various countries, posters, a proof sheet for Cuba Infinita, and a game card \"La Charada Cubana.\"","Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder.","The collection is filled with Cuban history and researched materials on society's past was created by Cuban and American journalist José Guerra Alemán. The materials range from photographs of his travels to cultural sites and countries to personal notes on literature of other scholars' works and his published books. He is most notable of his published four-volume encyclopedia on Cuban history called Cuba Infinita.","UCF Special Collections","Guerra Alemán, José","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC.098","/repositories/4/resources/204"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1887-2013"],"normalized_title_ssm":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"collection_title_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"collection_ssim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs"],"geogname_ssim":["Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs"],"creator_ssm":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"creator_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"creators_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"places_ssim":["Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated by Carlos Guerra, José Guerra Alemán's son, to the University of Central Florida Libraries in 2014. (CFM2014_07)"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Cuba -- History -- Description and Travel","Cuba -- History -- Pictorial works","correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Cuba -- History -- Description and Travel","Cuba -- History -- Pictorial works","correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["17.5 Linear Feet 20 boxes, 1 Flat File"],"extent_tesim":["17.5 Linear Feet 20 boxes, 1 Flat File"],"genreform_ssim":["correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints"],"date_range_isim":[1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n was born to Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra and Herminia Alem\u0026#xE1;n-Valdes on November 20, 1922 in Cuba. He referred to alternative names such as Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n, his initials J.G.A. and his nickname Pep\u0026#xED;n. Many of his closest friends and family called him as Pep\u0026#xED;n. His family contained of six members that included his three siblings, Maria Vicenta Guerra, Rafael Luis Guerra, and an eldest brother who his name is unknown. His brother, Rafael L. Guerra was born on November 20, 1926 in Habana, Cuba and died on October 2, 1998 in Miami, Florida. His sister, Maria, was born on June 19, 1924 in Habana, Cuba. A year after her brother's death, she died on February 27, 1999 in Miami, Florida. In her later years, she was a homemaker and she never married.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn his early years, he enrolled in the United States military at the age of 20 in 1942. He participated in the 8th Army (Octavo Ej\u0026#xE9;rcito) of EE.UU. (United States). He covered the campaign of the Pacific as the 35th Division of Infantry (35 Divisi\u0026#xF3;n de Infanter\u0026#xED;a) called Divisi\u0026#xF3;n Rel\u0026#xE1;mpago (Lightning Division). He finished training in the military at Fort Dix, Burlington County, New Jersey in the Delaware River region on October of 1946.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOnce he finished his service, he returned to Cuba and founded a company called CINEPERIODICO in 1947. His motivation of starting this company began from his interest in journalism. At the age of 16, he delved into both journalism and short films/news films. He was one of the editors of \u0026#xC9;l Pa\u0026#xED;s, La Habana. These experiences guided him to globally make notorious documentaries and cinematography of actual events and issues. He traveled around the globe. For instance, he registered for a temporary immigration card to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1959 as a journalist. As a result for his traveling, he encountered prominent leaders of various movements.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOne of those encounters, Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n climbed the Mountains of Sierra Maestra, in the province of East of the Island of Cuba to interview Fidel Castro and Che Guevara. Under the agency of his company, CINEPERIODICO, he personally knew these men and those who were a part of the guerillas during the Cuban Revolution. In 1950, he worked with Jos\u0026#xE9; Garc\u0026#xED;a and Eduardo Hern\u0026#xE1;ndez (Guayo) in the same company. Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n directed films such as Sangre Y Esperanza: La Cuba de Hoy (Blood and Hope: the Cuba of Today and El Gran Recuento (The Great Story). He also took the position as the Senior Vice President of Guastella Film Producers Inc., an advertising firm in Puerto Rico, where he did similar works until he retired in 1990. This included the creation of historical documentary films.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWith his interest in Cuba's history and living at a time of historical changes in Cuba, he wrote extensive materials along those themes. He wrote A\u0026#xFA;n Hay Luna En Los Cerros, Ensayos (Las Mayor\u0026#xED;as Discriminadas): En Defensa de la Mujer, Barro y Cenizas (D\u0026#xED;alogos con Fidel Castro y el Che Guevara), and Juro Pero No Prometo (Biograf\u0026#xED;a de su Abuelo el General Jos\u0026#xE9; Braulio Alem\u0026#xE1;n). His major work composes four volumes of encyclopedias called Cuba Infinita. Each book contains specific chronological decades and starts from 1855, when the first photographs of the city were available by American artist Fredericks De Forest, to 1958, when the Republic collapsed. The volumes includes more than a thousand selected photos of the history of Cuba, from colonial times to the Spanish American War. The reader walks through time and gets to see the transformation of Cuba. He included photographs received by family, friends, colleagues and what he collected from his travels. He also was inspired and guided from the work called La Enciclopedia de Cuba.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUnderstanding where his family came from and knowing the other members of his family tree can provide a part of Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n's identity. Jose Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n's maternal bloodline had a huge role in the movement toward Cuba's independence against colonialism and imperialism. His grandfather named Jos\u0026#xE9; Braulio Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n fought in the Spanish-American War as a Cuban Brigadier General and was the principal author to the Constitution of Cuba proclaimed at Yara in 1896. He worked as a lawyer, newspaper owner, advocate of the liberation of Cuba, senator and governor for the province of Las Villas, minister of Education and ambassador to Mexico. His half uncle, Jos\u0026#xE9; Manuel Alem\u0026#xE1;n, served in the Cuban government as Minister of Education during the presidency of Dr. Ram\u0026#xF3;n Grau San Martin, president of the Authentic Party (Partido Aut\u0026#xE9;ntico) in La Habana, and Senator of the Republic. His family went through three generations of leaders and fighters for Cuban independence through revolutions or preserving its history and culture.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe rested on February 22, 2013 in Miami, Florida. He survived his wife named Lidia Llano who he married on September 22, 1945 and left a son named Carlos Guerra Llano. He left a mark of what he had done, significant work in Cuba's history. However, he has not been given as much attention as he deserves in any setting, especially in academia. It is the many aspects of unknown history and researching the people from below like Alem\u0026#xE1;n. He was a Cuban, veteran, journalist, nontraditional historian, and founder of a journalist business.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán was born to José Guerra and Herminia Alemán-Valdes on November 20, 1922 in Cuba. He referred to alternative names such as José Guerra Alemán, his initials J.G.A. and his nickname Pepín. Many of his closest friends and family called him as Pepín. His family contained of six members that included his three siblings, Maria Vicenta Guerra, Rafael Luis Guerra, and an eldest brother who his name is unknown. His brother, Rafael L. Guerra was born on November 20, 1926 in Habana, Cuba and died on October 2, 1998 in Miami, Florida. His sister, Maria, was born on June 19, 1924 in Habana, Cuba. A year after her brother's death, she died on February 27, 1999 in Miami, Florida. In her later years, she was a homemaker and she never married.","In his early years, he enrolled in the United States military at the age of 20 in 1942. He participated in the 8th Army (Octavo Ejército) of EE.UU. (United States). He covered the campaign of the Pacific as the 35th Division of Infantry (35 División de Infantería) called División Relámpago (Lightning Division). He finished training in the military at Fort Dix, Burlington County, New Jersey in the Delaware River region on October of 1946.","Once he finished his service, he returned to Cuba and founded a company called CINEPERIODICO in 1947. His motivation of starting this company began from his interest in journalism. At the age of 16, he delved into both journalism and short films/news films. He was one of the editors of Él País, La Habana. These experiences guided him to globally make notorious documentaries and cinematography of actual events and issues. He traveled around the globe. For instance, he registered for a temporary immigration card to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1959 as a journalist. As a result for his traveling, he encountered prominent leaders of various movements.","One of those encounters, José Guerra Alemán climbed the Mountains of Sierra Maestra, in the province of East of the Island of Cuba to interview Fidel Castro and Che Guevara. Under the agency of his company, CINEPERIODICO, he personally knew these men and those who were a part of the guerillas during the Cuban Revolution. In 1950, he worked with José García and Eduardo Hernández (Guayo) in the same company. José Guerra Alemán directed films such as Sangre Y Esperanza: La Cuba de Hoy (Blood and Hope: the Cuba of Today and El Gran Recuento (The Great Story). He also took the position as the Senior Vice President of Guastella Film Producers Inc., an advertising firm in Puerto Rico, where he did similar works until he retired in 1990. This included the creation of historical documentary films.","With his interest in Cuba's history and living at a time of historical changes in Cuba, he wrote extensive materials along those themes. He wrote Aún Hay Luna En Los Cerros, Ensayos (Las Mayorías Discriminadas): En Defensa de la Mujer, Barro y Cenizas (Díalogos con Fidel Castro y el Che Guevara), and Juro Pero No Prometo (Biografía de su Abuelo el General José Braulio Alemán). His major work composes four volumes of encyclopedias called Cuba Infinita. Each book contains specific chronological decades and starts from 1855, when the first photographs of the city were available by American artist Fredericks De Forest, to 1958, when the Republic collapsed. The volumes includes more than a thousand selected photos of the history of Cuba, from colonial times to the Spanish American War. The reader walks through time and gets to see the transformation of Cuba. He included photographs received by family, friends, colleagues and what he collected from his travels. He also was inspired and guided from the work called La Enciclopedia de Cuba.","Understanding where his family came from and knowing the other members of his family tree can provide a part of José Guerra Alemán's identity. Jose Guerra Alemán's maternal bloodline had a huge role in the movement toward Cuba's independence against colonialism and imperialism. His grandfather named José Braulio Guerra Alemán fought in the Spanish-American War as a Cuban Brigadier General and was the principal author to the Constitution of Cuba proclaimed at Yara in 1896. He worked as a lawyer, newspaper owner, advocate of the liberation of Cuba, senator and governor for the province of Las Villas, minister of Education and ambassador to Mexico. His half uncle, José Manuel Alemán, served in the Cuban government as Minister of Education during the presidency of Dr. Ramón Grau San Martin, president of the Authentic Party (Partido Auténtico) in La Habana, and Senator of the Republic. His family went through three generations of leaders and fighters for Cuban independence through revolutions or preserving its history and culture.","He rested on February 22, 2013 in Miami, Florida. He survived his wife named Lidia Llano who he married on September 22, 1945 and left a son named Carlos Guerra Llano. He left a mark of what he had done, significant work in Cuba's history. However, he has not been given as much attention as he deserves in any setting, especially in academia. It is the many aspects of unknown history and researching the people from below like Alemán. He was a Cuban, veteran, journalist, nontraditional historian, and founder of a journalist business."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n Collection, Special Collections and UniversityArchives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, Special Collections and UniversityArchives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials are housed in acid free folders and boxes; photographs and negatives were placed in clear sleeves; publications removed from the collection and cataloged separately.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Materials are housed in acid free folders and boxes; photographs and negatives were placed in clear sleeves; publications removed from the collection and cataloged separately."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBooks collected by Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n can be found by performing a series search for \"Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n Collection\" in the UCF Libraries catalog.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Books collected by José Guerra Alemán can be found by performing a series search for \"José Guerra Alemán Collection\" in the UCF Libraries catalog."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection was arranged in seven series:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries I. Manuscripts, 1915-2013, Undated, includes notes that Alem\u0026#xE1;n took on varieties of subjects. His interests ranged from the origin of words and meaning of phrases to his summaries and interpretations of authors' works.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries II: Research Files, 1898-2012, Undated, holds a combination of newspapers, images, and works of others where Alem\u0026#xE1;n used for the publication of Cuba Infinita and his work on Cuban and Latin American history, involving their relations to other countries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries III: Publications, 1987-2008, Undated, contains his writings that has drafts of his published work, his articles from newspapers, and promotional materials advertising his works.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries IV: Personal Files, 1887-2011, Undated, provides letters between Aleman and his family members and between Aleman and business workers. They share insight of Aleman's genealogy and Aleman's work ethic. Series also includes various maps and postcards. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries V: Visual Materials, Circa 1900-Circa 2000, Undated, includes photographs and negatives of Jos\u0026#xE9; G. Alem\u0026#xE1;n and his relatives; overseas trips as a Journalist; and images of Cuba, cubans, and public buildings. Series also includes a CD of \"Fidel Castro: La Historia Lo Absolvera\" and another CD contains a song from Marisela Verena \"Mi Pinar del Rio\".\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VI: Memorabilia, 1926-1977, Undated, comprises hats from different places that Aleman travelled, identification cards, and a lottery ticket from Republic of Cuba, 1949.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VII: Oversize Materials, 1958-2008, Undated, includes large maps of various countries, posters, a proof sheet for Cuba Infinita, and a game card \"La Charada Cubana.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection was arranged in seven series:","\nSeries I. Manuscripts, 1915-2013, Undated, includes notes that Alemán took on varieties of subjects. His interests ranged from the origin of words and meaning of phrases to his summaries and interpretations of authors' works.","\nSeries II: Research Files, 1898-2012, Undated, holds a combination of newspapers, images, and works of others where Alemán used for the publication of Cuba Infinita and his work on Cuban and Latin American history, involving their relations to other countries.","\nSeries III: Publications, 1987-2008, Undated, contains his writings that has drafts of his published work, his articles from newspapers, and promotional materials advertising his works.","\nSeries IV: Personal Files, 1887-2011, Undated, provides letters between Aleman and his family members and between Aleman and business workers. They share insight of Aleman's genealogy and Aleman's work ethic. Series also includes various maps and postcards. ","\nSeries V: Visual Materials, Circa 1900-Circa 2000, Undated, includes photographs and negatives of José G. Alemán and his relatives; overseas trips as a Journalist; and images of Cuba, cubans, and public buildings. Series also includes a CD of \"Fidel Castro: La Historia Lo Absolvera\" and another CD contains a song from Marisela Verena \"Mi Pinar del Rio\".","\nSeries VI: Memorabilia, 1926-1977, Undated, comprises hats from different places that Aleman travelled, identification cards, and a lottery ticket from Republic of Cuba, 1949.","\nSeries VII: Oversize Materials, 1958-2008, Undated, includes large maps of various countries, posters, a proof sheet for Cuba Infinita, and a game card \"La Charada Cubana.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e4d41ff341ce7470c0d40282c3f71dd8\"\u003eThe collection is filled with Cuban history and researched materials on society's past was created by Cuban and American journalist Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n. The materials range from photographs of his travels to cultural sites and countries to personal notes on literature of other scholars' works and his published books. He is most notable of his published four-volume encyclopedia on Cuban history called Cuba Infinita.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection is filled with Cuban history and researched materials on society's past was created by Cuban and American journalist José Guerra Alemán. The materials range from photographs of his travels to cultural sites and countries to personal notes on literature of other scholars' works and his published books. He is most notable of his published four-volume encyclopedia on Cuban history called Cuba Infinita."],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Guerra Alemán, José"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":282,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870857755411087360,"_root_":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:03:10.972Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_11cb4840f4144cc0b3d501a48baa02e1"}},{"id":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_0068bf9597fceeb050a650441c575d7e","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Correspondence (5 of 5), 1951-2000, Undated","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_0068bf9597fceeb050a650441c575d7e#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_0068bf9597fceeb050a650441c575d7e","ref_ssm":["aspace_0068bf9597fceeb050a650441c575d7e","aspace_0068bf9597fceeb050a650441c575d7e"],"id":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_0068bf9597fceeb050a650441c575d7e","title_filing_ssi":"Correspondence (5 of 5)","title_ssm":["Correspondence (5 of 5)"],"title_tesim":["Correspondence (5 of 5)"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1951-2000, Undated"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1951-2000, Undated"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Correspondence (5 of 5), 1951-2000, Undated"],"text":["Correspondence (5 of 5), 1951-2000, Undated","José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013","Personal Files, 1887-2011, Undated","Folder 7","/repositories/4/archival_objects/54100","box 19","folder 7"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_65c14964c404730e716ecc3656fa690b"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013","Personal Files, 1887-2011, Undated"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013","Personal Files, 1887-2011, Undated"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["Folder 7","/repositories/4/archival_objects/54100"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":221,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The entire collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder."],"date_range_isim":[1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000],"containers_ssim":["box 19","folder 7"],"_nest_path_":"/components#3/components#6","_nest_parent_":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_65c14964c404730e716ecc3656fa690b","_root_":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","_version_":1870857755411087360,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:03:10.972Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","title_ssm":["José Guerra Alemán Collection"],"title_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection"],"ead_ssi":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","unitdate_ssm":["1887-2013"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1887-2013"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC.098","/repositories/4/resources/204"],"text":["SC.098","/repositories/4/resources/204","José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013","Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs","Cuba -- History -- Description and Travel","Cuba -- History -- Pictorial works","correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","The entire collection is open for research.","José Guerra Alemán was born to José Guerra and Herminia Alemán-Valdes on November 20, 1922 in Cuba. He referred to alternative names such as José Guerra Alemán, his initials J.G.A. and his nickname Pepín. Many of his closest friends and family called him as Pepín. His family contained of six members that included his three siblings, Maria Vicenta Guerra, Rafael Luis Guerra, and an eldest brother who his name is unknown. His brother, Rafael L. Guerra was born on November 20, 1926 in Habana, Cuba and died on October 2, 1998 in Miami, Florida. His sister, Maria, was born on June 19, 1924 in Habana, Cuba. A year after her brother's death, she died on February 27, 1999 in Miami, Florida. In her later years, she was a homemaker and she never married.","In his early years, he enrolled in the United States military at the age of 20 in 1942. He participated in the 8th Army (Octavo Ejército) of EE.UU. (United States). He covered the campaign of the Pacific as the 35th Division of Infantry (35 División de Infantería) called División Relámpago (Lightning Division). He finished training in the military at Fort Dix, Burlington County, New Jersey in the Delaware River region on October of 1946.","Once he finished his service, he returned to Cuba and founded a company called CINEPERIODICO in 1947. His motivation of starting this company began from his interest in journalism. At the age of 16, he delved into both journalism and short films/news films. He was one of the editors of Él País, La Habana. These experiences guided him to globally make notorious documentaries and cinematography of actual events and issues. He traveled around the globe. For instance, he registered for a temporary immigration card to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1959 as a journalist. As a result for his traveling, he encountered prominent leaders of various movements.","One of those encounters, José Guerra Alemán climbed the Mountains of Sierra Maestra, in the province of East of the Island of Cuba to interview Fidel Castro and Che Guevara. Under the agency of his company, CINEPERIODICO, he personally knew these men and those who were a part of the guerillas during the Cuban Revolution. In 1950, he worked with José García and Eduardo Hernández (Guayo) in the same company. José Guerra Alemán directed films such as Sangre Y Esperanza: La Cuba de Hoy (Blood and Hope: the Cuba of Today and El Gran Recuento (The Great Story). He also took the position as the Senior Vice President of Guastella Film Producers Inc., an advertising firm in Puerto Rico, where he did similar works until he retired in 1990. This included the creation of historical documentary films.","With his interest in Cuba's history and living at a time of historical changes in Cuba, he wrote extensive materials along those themes. He wrote Aún Hay Luna En Los Cerros, Ensayos (Las Mayorías Discriminadas): En Defensa de la Mujer, Barro y Cenizas (Díalogos con Fidel Castro y el Che Guevara), and Juro Pero No Prometo (Biografía de su Abuelo el General José Braulio Alemán). His major work composes four volumes of encyclopedias called Cuba Infinita. Each book contains specific chronological decades and starts from 1855, when the first photographs of the city were available by American artist Fredericks De Forest, to 1958, when the Republic collapsed. The volumes includes more than a thousand selected photos of the history of Cuba, from colonial times to the Spanish American War. The reader walks through time and gets to see the transformation of Cuba. He included photographs received by family, friends, colleagues and what he collected from his travels. He also was inspired and guided from the work called La Enciclopedia de Cuba.","Understanding where his family came from and knowing the other members of his family tree can provide a part of José Guerra Alemán's identity. Jose Guerra Alemán's maternal bloodline had a huge role in the movement toward Cuba's independence against colonialism and imperialism. His grandfather named José Braulio Guerra Alemán fought in the Spanish-American War as a Cuban Brigadier General and was the principal author to the Constitution of Cuba proclaimed at Yara in 1896. He worked as a lawyer, newspaper owner, advocate of the liberation of Cuba, senator and governor for the province of Las Villas, minister of Education and ambassador to Mexico. His half uncle, José Manuel Alemán, served in the Cuban government as Minister of Education during the presidency of Dr. Ramón Grau San Martin, president of the Authentic Party (Partido Auténtico) in La Habana, and Senator of the Republic. His family went through three generations of leaders and fighters for Cuban independence through revolutions or preserving its history and culture.","He rested on February 22, 2013 in Miami, Florida. He survived his wife named Lidia Llano who he married on September 22, 1945 and left a son named Carlos Guerra Llano. He left a mark of what he had done, significant work in Cuba's history. However, he has not been given as much attention as he deserves in any setting, especially in academia. It is the many aspects of unknown history and researching the people from below like Alemán. He was a Cuban, veteran, journalist, nontraditional historian, and founder of a journalist business.","Materials are housed in acid free folders and boxes; photographs and negatives were placed in clear sleeves; publications removed from the collection and cataloged separately.","Books collected by José Guerra Alemán can be found by performing a series search for \"José Guerra Alemán Collection\" in the UCF Libraries catalog.","This collection was arranged in seven series:","\nSeries I. Manuscripts, 1915-2013, Undated, includes notes that Alemán took on varieties of subjects. His interests ranged from the origin of words and meaning of phrases to his summaries and interpretations of authors' works.","\nSeries II: Research Files, 1898-2012, Undated, holds a combination of newspapers, images, and works of others where Alemán used for the publication of Cuba Infinita and his work on Cuban and Latin American history, involving their relations to other countries.","\nSeries III: Publications, 1987-2008, Undated, contains his writings that has drafts of his published work, his articles from newspapers, and promotional materials advertising his works.","\nSeries IV: Personal Files, 1887-2011, Undated, provides letters between Aleman and his family members and between Aleman and business workers. They share insight of Aleman's genealogy and Aleman's work ethic. Series also includes various maps and postcards. ","\nSeries V: Visual Materials, Circa 1900-Circa 2000, Undated, includes photographs and negatives of José G. Alemán and his relatives; overseas trips as a Journalist; and images of Cuba, cubans, and public buildings. Series also includes a CD of \"Fidel Castro: La Historia Lo Absolvera\" and another CD contains a song from Marisela Verena \"Mi Pinar del Rio\".","\nSeries VI: Memorabilia, 1926-1977, Undated, comprises hats from different places that Aleman travelled, identification cards, and a lottery ticket from Republic of Cuba, 1949.","\nSeries VII: Oversize Materials, 1958-2008, Undated, includes large maps of various countries, posters, a proof sheet for Cuba Infinita, and a game card \"La Charada Cubana.\"","Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder.","The collection is filled with Cuban history and researched materials on society's past was created by Cuban and American journalist José Guerra Alemán. The materials range from photographs of his travels to cultural sites and countries to personal notes on literature of other scholars' works and his published books. He is most notable of his published four-volume encyclopedia on Cuban history called Cuba Infinita.","UCF Special Collections","Guerra Alemán, José","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC.098","/repositories/4/resources/204"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1887-2013"],"normalized_title_ssm":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"collection_title_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"collection_ssim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs"],"geogname_ssim":["Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs"],"creator_ssm":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"creator_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"creators_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"places_ssim":["Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated by Carlos Guerra, José Guerra Alemán's son, to the University of Central Florida Libraries in 2014. (CFM2014_07)"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Cuba -- History -- Description and Travel","Cuba -- History -- Pictorial works","correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Cuba -- History -- Description and Travel","Cuba -- History -- Pictorial works","correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["17.5 Linear Feet 20 boxes, 1 Flat File"],"extent_tesim":["17.5 Linear Feet 20 boxes, 1 Flat File"],"genreform_ssim":["correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints"],"date_range_isim":[1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n was born to Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra and Herminia Alem\u0026#xE1;n-Valdes on November 20, 1922 in Cuba. He referred to alternative names such as Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n, his initials J.G.A. and his nickname Pep\u0026#xED;n. Many of his closest friends and family called him as Pep\u0026#xED;n. His family contained of six members that included his three siblings, Maria Vicenta Guerra, Rafael Luis Guerra, and an eldest brother who his name is unknown. His brother, Rafael L. Guerra was born on November 20, 1926 in Habana, Cuba and died on October 2, 1998 in Miami, Florida. His sister, Maria, was born on June 19, 1924 in Habana, Cuba. A year after her brother's death, she died on February 27, 1999 in Miami, Florida. In her later years, she was a homemaker and she never married.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn his early years, he enrolled in the United States military at the age of 20 in 1942. He participated in the 8th Army (Octavo Ej\u0026#xE9;rcito) of EE.UU. (United States). He covered the campaign of the Pacific as the 35th Division of Infantry (35 Divisi\u0026#xF3;n de Infanter\u0026#xED;a) called Divisi\u0026#xF3;n Rel\u0026#xE1;mpago (Lightning Division). He finished training in the military at Fort Dix, Burlington County, New Jersey in the Delaware River region on October of 1946.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOnce he finished his service, he returned to Cuba and founded a company called CINEPERIODICO in 1947. His motivation of starting this company began from his interest in journalism. At the age of 16, he delved into both journalism and short films/news films. He was one of the editors of \u0026#xC9;l Pa\u0026#xED;s, La Habana. These experiences guided him to globally make notorious documentaries and cinematography of actual events and issues. He traveled around the globe. For instance, he registered for a temporary immigration card to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1959 as a journalist. As a result for his traveling, he encountered prominent leaders of various movements.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOne of those encounters, Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n climbed the Mountains of Sierra Maestra, in the province of East of the Island of Cuba to interview Fidel Castro and Che Guevara. Under the agency of his company, CINEPERIODICO, he personally knew these men and those who were a part of the guerillas during the Cuban Revolution. In 1950, he worked with Jos\u0026#xE9; Garc\u0026#xED;a and Eduardo Hern\u0026#xE1;ndez (Guayo) in the same company. Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n directed films such as Sangre Y Esperanza: La Cuba de Hoy (Blood and Hope: the Cuba of Today and El Gran Recuento (The Great Story). He also took the position as the Senior Vice President of Guastella Film Producers Inc., an advertising firm in Puerto Rico, where he did similar works until he retired in 1990. This included the creation of historical documentary films.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWith his interest in Cuba's history and living at a time of historical changes in Cuba, he wrote extensive materials along those themes. He wrote A\u0026#xFA;n Hay Luna En Los Cerros, Ensayos (Las Mayor\u0026#xED;as Discriminadas): En Defensa de la Mujer, Barro y Cenizas (D\u0026#xED;alogos con Fidel Castro y el Che Guevara), and Juro Pero No Prometo (Biograf\u0026#xED;a de su Abuelo el General Jos\u0026#xE9; Braulio Alem\u0026#xE1;n). His major work composes four volumes of encyclopedias called Cuba Infinita. Each book contains specific chronological decades and starts from 1855, when the first photographs of the city were available by American artist Fredericks De Forest, to 1958, when the Republic collapsed. The volumes includes more than a thousand selected photos of the history of Cuba, from colonial times to the Spanish American War. The reader walks through time and gets to see the transformation of Cuba. He included photographs received by family, friends, colleagues and what he collected from his travels. He also was inspired and guided from the work called La Enciclopedia de Cuba.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUnderstanding where his family came from and knowing the other members of his family tree can provide a part of Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n's identity. Jose Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n's maternal bloodline had a huge role in the movement toward Cuba's independence against colonialism and imperialism. His grandfather named Jos\u0026#xE9; Braulio Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n fought in the Spanish-American War as a Cuban Brigadier General and was the principal author to the Constitution of Cuba proclaimed at Yara in 1896. He worked as a lawyer, newspaper owner, advocate of the liberation of Cuba, senator and governor for the province of Las Villas, minister of Education and ambassador to Mexico. His half uncle, Jos\u0026#xE9; Manuel Alem\u0026#xE1;n, served in the Cuban government as Minister of Education during the presidency of Dr. Ram\u0026#xF3;n Grau San Martin, president of the Authentic Party (Partido Aut\u0026#xE9;ntico) in La Habana, and Senator of the Republic. His family went through three generations of leaders and fighters for Cuban independence through revolutions or preserving its history and culture.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe rested on February 22, 2013 in Miami, Florida. He survived his wife named Lidia Llano who he married on September 22, 1945 and left a son named Carlos Guerra Llano. He left a mark of what he had done, significant work in Cuba's history. However, he has not been given as much attention as he deserves in any setting, especially in academia. It is the many aspects of unknown history and researching the people from below like Alem\u0026#xE1;n. He was a Cuban, veteran, journalist, nontraditional historian, and founder of a journalist business.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán was born to José Guerra and Herminia Alemán-Valdes on November 20, 1922 in Cuba. He referred to alternative names such as José Guerra Alemán, his initials J.G.A. and his nickname Pepín. Many of his closest friends and family called him as Pepín. His family contained of six members that included his three siblings, Maria Vicenta Guerra, Rafael Luis Guerra, and an eldest brother who his name is unknown. His brother, Rafael L. Guerra was born on November 20, 1926 in Habana, Cuba and died on October 2, 1998 in Miami, Florida. His sister, Maria, was born on June 19, 1924 in Habana, Cuba. A year after her brother's death, she died on February 27, 1999 in Miami, Florida. In her later years, she was a homemaker and she never married.","In his early years, he enrolled in the United States military at the age of 20 in 1942. He participated in the 8th Army (Octavo Ejército) of EE.UU. (United States). He covered the campaign of the Pacific as the 35th Division of Infantry (35 División de Infantería) called División Relámpago (Lightning Division). He finished training in the military at Fort Dix, Burlington County, New Jersey in the Delaware River region on October of 1946.","Once he finished his service, he returned to Cuba and founded a company called CINEPERIODICO in 1947. His motivation of starting this company began from his interest in journalism. At the age of 16, he delved into both journalism and short films/news films. He was one of the editors of Él País, La Habana. These experiences guided him to globally make notorious documentaries and cinematography of actual events and issues. He traveled around the globe. For instance, he registered for a temporary immigration card to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1959 as a journalist. As a result for his traveling, he encountered prominent leaders of various movements.","One of those encounters, José Guerra Alemán climbed the Mountains of Sierra Maestra, in the province of East of the Island of Cuba to interview Fidel Castro and Che Guevara. Under the agency of his company, CINEPERIODICO, he personally knew these men and those who were a part of the guerillas during the Cuban Revolution. In 1950, he worked with José García and Eduardo Hernández (Guayo) in the same company. José Guerra Alemán directed films such as Sangre Y Esperanza: La Cuba de Hoy (Blood and Hope: the Cuba of Today and El Gran Recuento (The Great Story). He also took the position as the Senior Vice President of Guastella Film Producers Inc., an advertising firm in Puerto Rico, where he did similar works until he retired in 1990. This included the creation of historical documentary films.","With his interest in Cuba's history and living at a time of historical changes in Cuba, he wrote extensive materials along those themes. He wrote Aún Hay Luna En Los Cerros, Ensayos (Las Mayorías Discriminadas): En Defensa de la Mujer, Barro y Cenizas (Díalogos con Fidel Castro y el Che Guevara), and Juro Pero No Prometo (Biografía de su Abuelo el General José Braulio Alemán). His major work composes four volumes of encyclopedias called Cuba Infinita. Each book contains specific chronological decades and starts from 1855, when the first photographs of the city were available by American artist Fredericks De Forest, to 1958, when the Republic collapsed. The volumes includes more than a thousand selected photos of the history of Cuba, from colonial times to the Spanish American War. The reader walks through time and gets to see the transformation of Cuba. He included photographs received by family, friends, colleagues and what he collected from his travels. He also was inspired and guided from the work called La Enciclopedia de Cuba.","Understanding where his family came from and knowing the other members of his family tree can provide a part of José Guerra Alemán's identity. Jose Guerra Alemán's maternal bloodline had a huge role in the movement toward Cuba's independence against colonialism and imperialism. His grandfather named José Braulio Guerra Alemán fought in the Spanish-American War as a Cuban Brigadier General and was the principal author to the Constitution of Cuba proclaimed at Yara in 1896. He worked as a lawyer, newspaper owner, advocate of the liberation of Cuba, senator and governor for the province of Las Villas, minister of Education and ambassador to Mexico. His half uncle, José Manuel Alemán, served in the Cuban government as Minister of Education during the presidency of Dr. Ramón Grau San Martin, president of the Authentic Party (Partido Auténtico) in La Habana, and Senator of the Republic. His family went through three generations of leaders and fighters for Cuban independence through revolutions or preserving its history and culture.","He rested on February 22, 2013 in Miami, Florida. He survived his wife named Lidia Llano who he married on September 22, 1945 and left a son named Carlos Guerra Llano. He left a mark of what he had done, significant work in Cuba's history. However, he has not been given as much attention as he deserves in any setting, especially in academia. It is the many aspects of unknown history and researching the people from below like Alemán. He was a Cuban, veteran, journalist, nontraditional historian, and founder of a journalist business."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n Collection, Special Collections and UniversityArchives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, Special Collections and UniversityArchives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials are housed in acid free folders and boxes; photographs and negatives were placed in clear sleeves; publications removed from the collection and cataloged separately.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Materials are housed in acid free folders and boxes; photographs and negatives were placed in clear sleeves; publications removed from the collection and cataloged separately."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBooks collected by Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n can be found by performing a series search for \"Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n Collection\" in the UCF Libraries catalog.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Books collected by José Guerra Alemán can be found by performing a series search for \"José Guerra Alemán Collection\" in the UCF Libraries catalog."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection was arranged in seven series:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries I. Manuscripts, 1915-2013, Undated, includes notes that Alem\u0026#xE1;n took on varieties of subjects. His interests ranged from the origin of words and meaning of phrases to his summaries and interpretations of authors' works.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries II: Research Files, 1898-2012, Undated, holds a combination of newspapers, images, and works of others where Alem\u0026#xE1;n used for the publication of Cuba Infinita and his work on Cuban and Latin American history, involving their relations to other countries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries III: Publications, 1987-2008, Undated, contains his writings that has drafts of his published work, his articles from newspapers, and promotional materials advertising his works.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries IV: Personal Files, 1887-2011, Undated, provides letters between Aleman and his family members and between Aleman and business workers. They share insight of Aleman's genealogy and Aleman's work ethic. Series also includes various maps and postcards. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries V: Visual Materials, Circa 1900-Circa 2000, Undated, includes photographs and negatives of Jos\u0026#xE9; G. Alem\u0026#xE1;n and his relatives; overseas trips as a Journalist; and images of Cuba, cubans, and public buildings. Series also includes a CD of \"Fidel Castro: La Historia Lo Absolvera\" and another CD contains a song from Marisela Verena \"Mi Pinar del Rio\".\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VI: Memorabilia, 1926-1977, Undated, comprises hats from different places that Aleman travelled, identification cards, and a lottery ticket from Republic of Cuba, 1949.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VII: Oversize Materials, 1958-2008, Undated, includes large maps of various countries, posters, a proof sheet for Cuba Infinita, and a game card \"La Charada Cubana.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection was arranged in seven series:","\nSeries I. Manuscripts, 1915-2013, Undated, includes notes that Alemán took on varieties of subjects. His interests ranged from the origin of words and meaning of phrases to his summaries and interpretations of authors' works.","\nSeries II: Research Files, 1898-2012, Undated, holds a combination of newspapers, images, and works of others where Alemán used for the publication of Cuba Infinita and his work on Cuban and Latin American history, involving their relations to other countries.","\nSeries III: Publications, 1987-2008, Undated, contains his writings that has drafts of his published work, his articles from newspapers, and promotional materials advertising his works.","\nSeries IV: Personal Files, 1887-2011, Undated, provides letters between Aleman and his family members and between Aleman and business workers. They share insight of Aleman's genealogy and Aleman's work ethic. Series also includes various maps and postcards. ","\nSeries V: Visual Materials, Circa 1900-Circa 2000, Undated, includes photographs and negatives of José G. Alemán and his relatives; overseas trips as a Journalist; and images of Cuba, cubans, and public buildings. Series also includes a CD of \"Fidel Castro: La Historia Lo Absolvera\" and another CD contains a song from Marisela Verena \"Mi Pinar del Rio\".","\nSeries VI: Memorabilia, 1926-1977, Undated, comprises hats from different places that Aleman travelled, identification cards, and a lottery ticket from Republic of Cuba, 1949.","\nSeries VII: Oversize Materials, 1958-2008, Undated, includes large maps of various countries, posters, a proof sheet for Cuba Infinita, and a game card \"La Charada Cubana.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e4d41ff341ce7470c0d40282c3f71dd8\"\u003eThe collection is filled with Cuban history and researched materials on society's past was created by Cuban and American journalist Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n. The materials range from photographs of his travels to cultural sites and countries to personal notes on literature of other scholars' works and his published books. He is most notable of his published four-volume encyclopedia on Cuban history called Cuba Infinita.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection is filled with Cuban history and researched materials on society's past was created by Cuban and American journalist José Guerra Alemán. The materials range from photographs of his travels to cultural sites and countries to personal notes on literature of other scholars' works and his published books. He is most notable of his published four-volume encyclopedia on Cuban history called Cuba Infinita."],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Guerra Alemán, José"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":282,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870857755411087360,"_root_":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:03:10.972Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_0068bf9597fceeb050a650441c575d7e"}},{"id":"1e0ef7bc41c6bc817265365c_aspace_f13617f2ae18914ae226a7f5b29c09b0","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Correspondence, American Red Cross, 1943-1961","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/1e0ef7bc41c6bc817265365c_aspace_f13617f2ae18914ae226a7f5b29c09b0#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains various correspondences regarding teaching stations for senior and sophomore tests, Hazel Bowman's curriculum vitae, the Florida State Conference of Social Work, a narrative report on El Diggboo Clubmobile, food supplies for staff messes, transaction with the U.S. Army Finance Office, a reimbursement voucher, announcement of new supervisory appointments within the American Red Cross, critical food situations, a promotion recommendation, a notice of transfer from the club department, and the expansion of recreational and welfare services in the China-Burma-India Theater of Operations.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/1e0ef7bc41c6bc817265365c_aspace_f13617f2ae18914ae226a7f5b29c09b0#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_f13617f2ae18914ae226a7f5b29c09b0","ref_ssm":["aspace_f13617f2ae18914ae226a7f5b29c09b0","aspace_f13617f2ae18914ae226a7f5b29c09b0"],"id":"1e0ef7bc41c6bc817265365c_aspace_f13617f2ae18914ae226a7f5b29c09b0","title_filing_ssi":"Correspondence, American Red Cross","title_ssm":["Correspondence, American Red Cross"],"title_tesim":["Correspondence, American Red Cross"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1943-1961"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1943-1961"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Correspondence, American Red Cross, 1943-1961"],"text":["Correspondence, American Red Cross, 1943-1961","Hazel Louis Bowman collection, bulk 1930-1948","037","/repositories/10/archival_objects/191357","box 10.0050 - Box 5","folder 037","This folder contains various correspondences regarding teaching stations for senior and sophomore tests, Hazel Bowman's curriculum vitae, the Florida State Conference of Social Work, a narrative report on El Diggboo Clubmobile, food supplies for staff messes, transaction with the U.S. Army Finance Office, a reimbursement voucher, announcement of new supervisory appointments within the American Red Cross, critical food situations, a promotion recommendation, a notice of transfer from the club department, and the expansion of recreational and welfare services in the China-Burma-India Theater of Operations."],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ids_ssim":["1e0ef7bc41c6bc817265365c"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Hazel Louis Bowman collection, bulk 1930-1948"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Hazel Louis Bowman collection, bulk 1930-1948"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"unitid_ssm":["037","/repositories/10/archival_objects/191357"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Hazel Louis Bowman collection, bulk 1930-1948"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":135,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open to all researchers. ","Boxes 1-7, 9-11 can be accessed at the Claude Pepper Library.\nBox 8 is  in an offsite storage location. \nThe Red Cross Suitcase can be accessed in the SCA Research Center in Strozier Library.","\nPlease contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"date_range_isim":[1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961],"containers_ssim":["box 10.0050 - Box 5","folder 037"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains various correspondences regarding teaching stations for senior and sophomore tests, Hazel Bowman's curriculum vitae, the Florida State Conference of Social Work, a narrative report on El Diggboo Clubmobile, food supplies for staff messes, transaction with the U.S. Army Finance Office, a reimbursement voucher, announcement of new supervisory appointments within the American Red Cross, critical food situations, a promotion recommendation, a notice of transfer from the club department, and the expansion of recreational and welfare services in the China-Burma-India Theater of Operations.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This folder contains various correspondences regarding teaching stations for senior and sophomore tests, Hazel Bowman's curriculum vitae, the Florida State Conference of Social Work, a narrative report on El Diggboo Clubmobile, food supplies for staff messes, transaction with the U.S. Army Finance Office, a reimbursement voucher, announcement of new supervisory appointments within the American Red Cross, critical food situations, a promotion recommendation, a notice of transfer from the club department, and the expansion of recreational and welfare services in the China-Burma-India Theater of Operations."],"_nest_path_":"/components#134","_nest_parent_":"1e0ef7bc41c6bc817265365c","_root_":"1e0ef7bc41c6bc817265365c","_version_":1870857711875260416,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:02:29.462Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"1e0ef7bc41c6bc817265365c","title_filing_ssi":"Bowman, Hazel Louis collection","title_ssm":["Hazel Louis Bowman collection"],"title_tesim":["Hazel Louis Bowman collection"],"ead_ssi":"1e0ef7bc41c6bc817265365c","unitdate_ssm":["1930-1948"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1930-1948"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["10.0050","/repositories/10/resources/1815"],"text":["10.0050","/repositories/10/resources/1815","Hazel Louis Bowman collection, bulk 1930-1948","India","United States. Army. Signal Corps.","\tWorld War, 1939-1945--War work--Red Cross","Calcutta (India)","Washington (D.C.)","Camp Pickett (Va.)","Long Beach (Calif.)","Gainesville (Fla.)","Digboi (India)","Calcutta (India)","Bengal (India)","Florida State College for Women--Alumni and alumnae","World War, 1939-1945--Women","World War, 1939-1945","Taj Mahal (Agra, India)","Oral history","World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American","American Red Cross--Uniforms--History","World War, 1939-1945--Photography","World War, 1939-1945--Burma","World War, 1939-1945--Caricatures and cartoons","World War, 1939-1945--Japan--Surrender","World War, 1939-1945--Censorship","Christmas cards.","Mother's Day","World War, 1939-1945--Women--United States","Prisoners of war","World War, 1939-1945--Florida","World War, 1939-1945--Burma","Records.","Photographs","V-mail","Postage stamps","Newspapers","Maps","Cartoons and comics","Diary","Scrapbooks","Memoirs.","Pins (Jewelry)","Medals","This collection is open to all researchers. ","Boxes 1-7, 9-11 can be accessed at the Claude Pepper Library.\nBox 8 is  in an offsite storage location. \nThe Red Cross Suitcase can be accessed in the SCA Research Center in Strozier Library.","\nPlease contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information.","Hazel Louis Bowman was born on February 18, 1917 in Plant City, Florida. In 1933, she graduated from Brewster High School and attended Florida State College for Women (now FSU) where she earned her Bachelor of Arts in 1937. In college she was the editor of  The Florida Flambeau . After her graduation, Bowman became one of the first three women admitted to the University of Florida Law School. She earned a Master of Arts from the University of Florida and did post-graduate work at the University of Maryland. \nHazel taught school and worked as a welfare worker until WWII when she became a recreation worker. Shortly after Pearl Harbor, Hazel Bowman joined the Signal Corps where she worked in code-breaking in Virginia for a year.  From 1943 to 1945, Hazel Bowman served as an assistant procurement officer with the American Red Cross, in the China, Burma, India theater. She was stationed in  Dibrugarh, Assam, India. In India, Bowman also operated several social clubs India to entertain homesick American troops. After the war, Hazel worked as a laboratory technician, a freelance writer, editor, and indexer. She also worked as registrar, director of student personnel, and professor at various universities and colleges, including the University of Tampa, Townsend State, and the University of Maryland. After moving to Florida, she retired from The Vanguard School, Lake Wales. Hazel Bowman passed away in Mulberry, Florida on October 12, 2009. Instead of a burial, Hazel donated her body to the University of Florida Health Science Center.","Eunice Claire Sloat (nee Bowman) was born on January 12, 1921, in Brewster, FL, to Joseph M. and Annie T. Bowman and died on November 1, 2015. Eunice was Hazel Bowman's sister. She graduated from Brewster High School before attending Florida State College for Women where she studied medical laboratory and x-ray technology and eventually worked at Bartow Memorial Hospital. Eunice first enlisted in the US Navy WAVES in 1942 and attended basic training at Oklahoma A\u0026M in Stillwater, OK. After boot camp, Eunice was sent to Washington, D.C., for work as a teletype operator and supervisor of communications at the Bureau of Personnel until the end of the war. She married Alton D. Sloat, an enlisted man, on March 17, 1945. After the war, Eunice had two daughters and a son (Jacqueline Marie Sloat, Sara Anna Johnson, and Alton D. Sloat, Jr.) and eventually settled in Tallahassee, FL.","Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022.","This collection relates to Hazel Louis Bowman who worked for the Signal Corps and lived in India with the American Red Cross for two years.  Bowman's collection contains six full boxes, one oversize box, a phono records box, and two photograph boxes. Four of the boxes include letters written to and from Hazel to her parents, family, neighbors, and friends. The collection also contains an oral history transcript, newsletters and bulletins, American Red Cross publications, her diary, a book written by Bowman, photograph albums, and ephemera.","All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.","FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","American Red Cross","United States. Army. Signal Corps","Florida State College for Women","United States. Naval Reserve. 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Signal Corps.","\tWorld War, 1939-1945--War work--Red Cross","Calcutta (India)","Washington (D.C.)","Camp Pickett (Va.)","Long Beach (Calif.)","Gainesville (Fla.)","Digboi (India)","Calcutta (India)","Bengal (India)"],"creator_ssm":["Hazel Louis Bowman, 1917-2009","Eichenberg, Florence R."],"creator_ssim":["Hazel Louis Bowman, 1917-2009","Eichenberg, Florence R."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Hazel Louis Bowman, 1917-2009","Eichenberg, Florence R."],"creators_ssim":["Hazel Louis Bowman, 1917-2009","Eichenberg, Florence R."],"places_ssim":["India","United States. Army. Signal Corps.","\tWorld War, 1939-1945--War work--Red Cross","Calcutta (India)","Washington (D.C.)","Camp Pickett (Va.)","Long Beach (Calif.)","Gainesville (Fla.)","Digboi (India)","Calcutta (India)","Bengal (India)"],"access_terms_ssm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Florida State College for Women--Alumni and alumnae","World War, 1939-1945--Women","World War, 1939-1945","Taj Mahal (Agra, India)","Oral history","World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American","American Red Cross--Uniforms--History","World War, 1939-1945--Photography","World War, 1939-1945--Burma","World War, 1939-1945--Caricatures and cartoons","World War, 1939-1945--Japan--Surrender","World War, 1939-1945--Censorship","Christmas cards.","Mother's Day","World War, 1939-1945--Women--United States","Prisoners of war","World War, 1939-1945--Florida","World War, 1939-1945--Burma","Records.","Photographs","V-mail","Postage stamps","Newspapers","Maps","Cartoons and comics","Diary","Scrapbooks","Memoirs.","Pins (Jewelry)","Medals"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Florida State College for Women--Alumni and alumnae","World War, 1939-1945--Women","World War, 1939-1945","Taj Mahal (Agra, India)","Oral history","World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American","American Red Cross--Uniforms--History","World War, 1939-1945--Photography","World War, 1939-1945--Burma","World War, 1939-1945--Caricatures and cartoons","World War, 1939-1945--Japan--Surrender","World War, 1939-1945--Censorship","Christmas cards.","Mother's Day","World War, 1939-1945--Women--United States","Prisoners of war","World War, 1939-1945--Florida","World War, 1939-1945--Burma","Records.","Photographs","V-mail","Postage stamps","Newspapers","Maps","Cartoons and comics","Diary","Scrapbooks","Memoirs.","Pins (Jewelry)","Medals"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["11 boxes 6 full boxes, 1 artifact box, 1 oversize box, 1 record album box, and 2 photograph boxes."],"extent_tesim":["11 boxes 6 full boxes, 1 artifact box, 1 oversize box, 1 record album box, and 2 photograph boxes."],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs","V-mail","Postage stamps","Newspapers","Maps","Cartoons and comics","Diary","Scrapbooks","Memoirs.","Pins (Jewelry)","Medals"],"date_range_isim":[1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to all researchers. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBoxes 1-7, 9-11 can be accessed at the Claude Pepper Library.\nBox 8 is  in an offsite storage location. \nThe Red Cross Suitcase can be accessed in the SCA Research Center in Strozier Library.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nPlease contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to all researchers. ","Boxes 1-7, 9-11 can be accessed at the Claude Pepper Library.\nBox 8 is  in an offsite storage location. \nThe Red Cross Suitcase can be accessed in the SCA Research Center in Strozier Library.","\nPlease contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHazel Louis Bowman was born on February 18, 1917 in Plant City, Florida. In 1933, she graduated from Brewster High School and attended Florida State College for Women (now FSU) where she earned her Bachelor of Arts in 1937. In college she was the editor of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Florida Flambeau\u003c/emph\u003e. After her graduation, Bowman became one of the first three women admitted to the University of Florida Law School. She earned a Master of Arts from the University of Florida and did post-graduate work at the University of Maryland. \nHazel taught school and worked as a welfare worker until WWII when she became a recreation worker. Shortly after Pearl Harbor, Hazel Bowman joined the Signal Corps where she worked in code-breaking in Virginia for a year.  From 1943 to 1945, Hazel Bowman served as an assistant procurement officer with the American Red Cross, in the China, Burma, India theater. She was stationed in  Dibrugarh, Assam, India. In India, Bowman also operated several social clubs India to entertain homesick American troops. After the war, Hazel worked as a laboratory technician, a freelance writer, editor, and indexer. She also worked as registrar, director of student personnel, and professor at various universities and colleges, including the University of Tampa, Townsend State, and the University of Maryland. After moving to Florida, she retired from The Vanguard School, Lake Wales. Hazel Bowman passed away in Mulberry, Florida on October 12, 2009. Instead of a burial, Hazel donated her body to the University of Florida Health Science Center.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEunice Claire Sloat (nee Bowman) was born on January 12, 1921, in Brewster, FL, to Joseph M. and Annie T. Bowman and died on November 1, 2015. Eunice was Hazel Bowman's sister. She graduated from Brewster High School before attending Florida State College for Women where she studied medical laboratory and x-ray technology and eventually worked at Bartow Memorial Hospital. Eunice first enlisted in the US Navy WAVES in 1942 and attended basic training at Oklahoma A\u0026amp;M in Stillwater, OK. After boot camp, Eunice was sent to Washington, D.C., for work as a teletype operator and supervisor of communications at the Bureau of Personnel until the end of the war. She married Alton D. Sloat, an enlisted man, on March 17, 1945. After the war, Eunice had two daughters and a son (Jacqueline Marie Sloat, Sara Anna Johnson, and Alton D. Sloat, Jr.) and eventually settled in Tallahassee, FL.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Hazel Louis Bowman was born on February 18, 1917 in Plant City, Florida. In 1933, she graduated from Brewster High School and attended Florida State College for Women (now FSU) where she earned her Bachelor of Arts in 1937. In college she was the editor of  The Florida Flambeau . After her graduation, Bowman became one of the first three women admitted to the University of Florida Law School. She earned a Master of Arts from the University of Florida and did post-graduate work at the University of Maryland. \nHazel taught school and worked as a welfare worker until WWII when she became a recreation worker. Shortly after Pearl Harbor, Hazel Bowman joined the Signal Corps where she worked in code-breaking in Virginia for a year.  From 1943 to 1945, Hazel Bowman served as an assistant procurement officer with the American Red Cross, in the China, Burma, India theater. She was stationed in  Dibrugarh, Assam, India. In India, Bowman also operated several social clubs India to entertain homesick American troops. After the war, Hazel worked as a laboratory technician, a freelance writer, editor, and indexer. She also worked as registrar, director of student personnel, and professor at various universities and colleges, including the University of Tampa, Townsend State, and the University of Maryland. After moving to Florida, she retired from The Vanguard School, Lake Wales. Hazel Bowman passed away in Mulberry, Florida on October 12, 2009. Instead of a burial, Hazel donated her body to the University of Florida Health Science Center.","Eunice Claire Sloat (nee Bowman) was born on January 12, 1921, in Brewster, FL, to Joseph M. and Annie T. Bowman and died on November 1, 2015. Eunice was Hazel Bowman's sister. She graduated from Brewster High School before attending Florida State College for Women where she studied medical laboratory and x-ray technology and eventually worked at Bartow Memorial Hospital. Eunice first enlisted in the US Navy WAVES in 1942 and attended basic training at Oklahoma A\u0026M in Stillwater, OK. After boot camp, Eunice was sent to Washington, D.C., for work as a teletype operator and supervisor of communications at the Bureau of Personnel until the end of the war. She married Alton D. Sloat, an enlisted man, on March 17, 1945. After the war, Eunice had two daughters and a son (Jacqueline Marie Sloat, Sara Anna Johnson, and Alton D. Sloat, Jr.) and eventually settled in Tallahassee, FL."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTransferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives in July 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], Hazel Louis Bowman collection, Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. https://purl.lib.fsu.edu/fa/02-10-1950\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], Hazel Louis Bowman collection, Special Collections \u0026 Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. https://purl.lib.fsu.edu/fa/02-10-1950"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection relates to Hazel Louis Bowman who worked for the Signal Corps and lived in India with the American Red Cross for two years.  Bowman's collection contains six full boxes, one oversize box, a phono records box, and two photograph boxes. Four of the boxes include letters written to and from Hazel to her parents, family, neighbors, and friends. The collection also contains an oral history transcript, newsletters and bulletins, American Red Cross publications, her diary, a book written by Bowman, photograph albums, and ephemera.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection relates to Hazel Louis Bowman who worked for the Signal Corps and lived in India with the American Red Cross for two years.  Bowman's collection contains six full boxes, one oversize box, a phono records box, and two photograph boxes. Four of the boxes include letters written to and from Hazel to her parents, family, neighbors, and friends. The collection also contains an oral history transcript, newsletters and bulletins, American Red Cross publications, her diary, a book written by Bowman, photograph albums, and ephemera."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"names_coll_ssim":["American Red Cross","United States. Army. Signal Corps","Florida State College for Women","United States. Naval Reserve. Women's Reserve","United States. Army. Signal Corps","Elizabeth, Queen of Great Britain, II, 1926-","Eichenberg, Florence R.","Sloat, Eunice Claire Bowman, 1921-2015"],"names_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","American Red Cross","United States. Army. Signal Corps","Florida State College for Women","United States. Naval Reserve. Women's Reserve","Hazel Louis Bowman, 1917-2009","Eichenberg, Florence R.","Elizabeth, Queen of Great Britain, II, 1926-","Sloat, Eunice Claire Bowman, 1921-2015"],"corpname_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","American Red Cross","United States. Army. Signal Corps","Florida State College for Women","United States. Naval Reserve. Women's Reserve"],"persname_ssim":["Hazel Louis Bowman, 1917-2009","Eichenberg, Florence R.","Elizabeth, Queen of Great Britain, II, 1926-","Sloat, Eunice Claire Bowman, 1921-2015"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":251,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870857711875260416,"_root_":"1e0ef7bc41c6bc817265365c","timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:02:29.462Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/1e0ef7bc41c6bc817265365c_aspace_f13617f2ae18914ae226a7f5b29c09b0"}},{"id":"8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f_aspace_359714a92cd8aa22dc55e98ec7da0b96","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Correspondence and Financial Statements, 1959","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f_aspace_359714a92cd8aa22dc55e98ec7da0b96#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_359714a92cd8aa22dc55e98ec7da0b96","ref_ssm":["aspace_359714a92cd8aa22dc55e98ec7da0b96","aspace_359714a92cd8aa22dc55e98ec7da0b96"],"id":"8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f_aspace_359714a92cd8aa22dc55e98ec7da0b96","title_filing_ssi":"Correspondence and Financial Statements","title_ssm":["Correspondence and Financial Statements"],"title_tesim":["Correspondence and Financial Statements"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1959"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1959"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Correspondence and Financial Statements, 1959"],"text":["Correspondence and Financial Statements, 1959","Centro Asturiano de Tampa collection, 1902-2007, Date acquired: 00/00/1989, bulk 1902-1987","Financial Records","Financial Miscellaneous, bulk 1927-1981","Folder 3","/repositories/2/archival_objects/158738","box 226","folder 3"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f","8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f_aspace_185606","8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f_aspace_dfdef981e05202e033c91720826ee781"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa collection, 1902-2007, Date acquired: 00/00/1989, bulk 1902-1987","Financial Records","Financial Miscellaneous, bulk 1927-1981"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa collection, 1902-2007, Date acquired: 00/00/1989, bulk 1902-1987","Financial Records","Financial Miscellaneous, bulk 1927-1981"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Box"],"unitid_ssm":["Folder 3","/repositories/2/archival_objects/158738"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa collection, 1902-2007, Date acquired: 00/00/1989, bulk 1902-1987"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":927,"parent_access_terms_tesm":["None. The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/for more information."],"date_range_isim":[1959],"containers_ssim":["box 226","folder 3"],"_nest_path_":"/components#5/components#71/components#2","_nest_parent_":"8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f_aspace_dfdef981e05202e033c91720826ee781","_root_":"8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f","_version_":1875301659078295552,"timestamp":"2026-09-03T09:17:07.659Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f","title_ssm":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa collection"],"title_tesim":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa collection"],"ead_ssi":"8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f","unitdate_ssm":["1902-2007","1902-1987","Date acquired: 00/00/1989"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1902-1987"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1902-2007"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 00/00/1989"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-1989-02","/repositories/2/resources/542"],"text":["MS-1989-02","/repositories/2/resources/542","Centro Asturiano de Tampa collection, 1902-2007, Date acquired: 00/00/1989, bulk 1902-1987","Tampa (Fla.) -- History","Cigar industry -- Florida -- Tampa","Cuba -- Relations -- Florida -- Tampa","Clubs -- Florida -- Tampa","Tampa (Fla.) -- Social life and customs","Playbills -- Florida -- Tampa","The Centro Asturiano de Tampa Collection is arranged into series according to subject. These include organizational, financial, ephemera, artifacts, photographs, and media. Records are arranged chronologically within each series. Boxes 159-243 contain financial records.","When Spanish immigrants came to Tampa in the 1890s, they brought with them the idea of the mutual aid society, a voluntary association or club that pooled resources to provide members with a variety of social, cultural, and economic benefits.  The first such club established in Tampa was the Centro Español, founded in 1891. The Centro Asturiano began in 1902 when a group of members seceded from the Centro Español to create a club that included healthcare.  Named for the northwest Spanish region of Asturias from which many of the founding members had come, the new society was chartered as a branch of the Centro Asturiano de Habana, and was known for decades as the \"Tampa Delegation\" of the Cuban organization.","On January 22, 1909, the club dedicated a handsome red brick building, which cost $75,000.  When fire destroyed the building in 1912, club members voted to build an even larger and more impressive facility. This columned, neoclassical building, which the  Tampa Morning Tribune  called \"the most beautiful building in the South,\" opened in 1914 at a cost of $110,000. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974 and retains its stature as one of the most outstanding structures in Tampa's Ybor City historic district. The club's cantina provided a pleasant atmosphere for members to spend their leisure time, a place to talk, play dominos, and smoke a cigar.  The palatial ballroom was the scene of glittering social affairs, balls, tea dances, and other activities. A space was set aside for a library and gymnasium as well to promote the club's mission of education, good health and the general well-being of its members. The Centro's building served as a center of social and cultural life for its community and is still owned by the club to this day.","A central part of club life was the building's elaborate theatre.  In its heyday, the Centro theatre was the venue for plays, operas, musicals, and other performances featuring both local talent and well-known Cuban, Spanish, and Italian entertainers who made Ybor City part of their tours. During the depression years of the 1930s, the Spanish language unit of the WPA Federal Theatre presented performances in the Centro's theatre, which was also used for cigar labor union meetings and other events.","The largest of all the Tampa fraternal clubs, the Centro expanded and flourished in the early decades of the twentieth century, due in large part to its acceptance of members from various ethnicities and its medical facilities. Following World War II however, membership gradually declined as economic and demographic changes eroded the cigar-making immigrant community.  Many of the services offered by the club either became functions of government agencies or were too expensive to maintain, lessening the advantages of membership. With the assimilation of its traditional membership base into the general population, the club was no longer the center of the cohesive ethnic community it once served. Despite adversity, the Centro Asturiano has endured, serving as an icon of heritage to descendants of the Spanish immigrants who played such a significant role in the development of modern Tampa.","Note written by Paul Camp, 2006; Joe Tamargo, 2011.","Centro Asturiano De Tampa Membership Records Photograph Collection . Tampa, Florida: University of South Florida Libraries, 2003.","Centro Asturiano Library Collection,  Special Collections Department, Tampa Library, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.","Centro Español De Tampa Collection , USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL. ","Cuban Club Records , USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL. ","The Centro Asturiano de Tampa Collection consists of club and hospital records, meeting minutes, photographs, ephemera, zarzuelas, playbills, financial records, memorias, and cemetery records. Artifacts include flags, trophies, printing plates, and various other items related to the club.","None. The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/for more information.","USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Centro Asturiano de Tampa","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-1989-02","/repositories/2/resources/542"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1902-2007, Date acquired: 00/00/1989, bulk 1902-1987"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa collection, 1902-2007, Date acquired: 00/00/1989, bulk 1902-1987"],"collection_title_tesim":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa collection, 1902-2007, Date acquired: 00/00/1989, bulk 1902-1987"],"collection_ssim":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa collection, 1902-2007, Date acquired: 00/00/1989, bulk 1902-1987"],"repository_ssm":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Tampa (Fla.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Tampa (Fla.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa"],"creator_ssim":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa"],"creators_ssim":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa"],"places_ssim":["Tampa (Fla.) -- History"],"access_terms_ssm":["None. The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/for more information."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa","Donation"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Cigar industry -- Florida -- Tampa","Cuba -- Relations -- Florida -- Tampa","Clubs -- Florida -- Tampa","Tampa (Fla.) -- Social life and customs","Playbills -- Florida -- Tampa"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Cigar industry -- Florida -- Tampa","Cuba -- Relations -- Florida -- Tampa","Clubs -- Florida -- Tampa","Tampa (Fla.) -- Social life and customs","Playbills -- Florida -- Tampa"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["164.7 Linear Feet","241 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["164.7 Linear Feet","241 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Playbills -- Florida -- Tampa"],"date_range_isim":[1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Centro Asturiano de Tampa Collection is arranged into series according to subject. These include organizational, financial, ephemera, artifacts, photographs, and media. Records are arranged chronologically within each series. Boxes 159-243 contain financial records.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Centro Asturiano de Tampa Collection is arranged into series according to subject. These include organizational, financial, ephemera, artifacts, photographs, and media. Records are arranged chronologically within each series. Boxes 159-243 contain financial records."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWhen Spanish immigrants came to Tampa in the 1890s, they brought with them the idea of the mutual aid society, a voluntary association or club that pooled resources to provide members with a variety of social, cultural, and economic benefits.  The first such club established in Tampa was the Centro Espa\u0026#xF1;ol, founded in 1891. The Centro Asturiano began in 1902 when a group of members seceded from the Centro Espa\u0026#xF1;ol to create a club that included healthcare.  Named for the northwest Spanish region of Asturias from which many of the founding members had come, the new society was chartered as a branch of the Centro Asturiano de Habana, and was known for decades as the \"Tampa Delegation\" of the Cuban organization.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOn January 22, 1909, the club dedicated a handsome red brick building, which cost $75,000.  When fire destroyed the building in 1912, club members voted to build an even larger and more impressive facility. This columned, neoclassical building, which the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eTampa Morning Tribune\u003c/emph\u003e called \"the most beautiful building in the South,\" opened in 1914 at a cost of $110,000. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974 and retains its stature as one of the most outstanding structures in Tampa's Ybor City historic district. The club's cantina provided a pleasant atmosphere for members to spend their leisure time, a place to talk, play dominos, and smoke a cigar.  The palatial ballroom was the scene of glittering social affairs, balls, tea dances, and other activities. A space was set aside for a library and gymnasium as well to promote the club's mission of education, good health and the general well-being of its members. The Centro's building served as a center of social and cultural life for its community and is still owned by the club to this day.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA central part of club life was the building's elaborate theatre.  In its heyday, the Centro theatre was the venue for plays, operas, musicals, and other performances featuring both local talent and well-known Cuban, Spanish, and Italian entertainers who made Ybor City part of their tours. During the depression years of the 1930s, the Spanish language unit of the WPA Federal Theatre presented performances in the Centro's theatre, which was also used for cigar labor union meetings and other events.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe largest of all the Tampa fraternal clubs, the Centro expanded and flourished in the early decades of the twentieth century, due in large part to its acceptance of members from various ethnicities and its medical facilities. Following World War II however, membership gradually declined as economic and demographic changes eroded the cigar-making immigrant community.  Many of the services offered by the club either became functions of government agencies or were too expensive to maintain, lessening the advantages of membership. With the assimilation of its traditional membership base into the general population, the club was no longer the center of the cohesive ethnic community it once served. Despite adversity, the Centro Asturiano has endured, serving as an icon of heritage to descendants of the Spanish immigrants who played such a significant role in the development of modern Tampa.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Paul Camp, 2006; Joe Tamargo, 2011.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["When Spanish immigrants came to Tampa in the 1890s, they brought with them the idea of the mutual aid society, a voluntary association or club that pooled resources to provide members with a variety of social, cultural, and economic benefits.  The first such club established in Tampa was the Centro Español, founded in 1891. The Centro Asturiano began in 1902 when a group of members seceded from the Centro Español to create a club that included healthcare.  Named for the northwest Spanish region of Asturias from which many of the founding members had come, the new society was chartered as a branch of the Centro Asturiano de Habana, and was known for decades as the \"Tampa Delegation\" of the Cuban organization.","On January 22, 1909, the club dedicated a handsome red brick building, which cost $75,000.  When fire destroyed the building in 1912, club members voted to build an even larger and more impressive facility. This columned, neoclassical building, which the  Tampa Morning Tribune  called \"the most beautiful building in the South,\" opened in 1914 at a cost of $110,000. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974 and retains its stature as one of the most outstanding structures in Tampa's Ybor City historic district. The club's cantina provided a pleasant atmosphere for members to spend their leisure time, a place to talk, play dominos, and smoke a cigar.  The palatial ballroom was the scene of glittering social affairs, balls, tea dances, and other activities. A space was set aside for a library and gymnasium as well to promote the club's mission of education, good health and the general well-being of its members. The Centro's building served as a center of social and cultural life for its community and is still owned by the club to this day.","A central part of club life was the building's elaborate theatre.  In its heyday, the Centro theatre was the venue for plays, operas, musicals, and other performances featuring both local talent and well-known Cuban, Spanish, and Italian entertainers who made Ybor City part of their tours. During the depression years of the 1930s, the Spanish language unit of the WPA Federal Theatre presented performances in the Centro's theatre, which was also used for cigar labor union meetings and other events.","The largest of all the Tampa fraternal clubs, the Centro expanded and flourished in the early decades of the twentieth century, due in large part to its acceptance of members from various ethnicities and its medical facilities. Following World War II however, membership gradually declined as economic and demographic changes eroded the cigar-making immigrant community.  Many of the services offered by the club either became functions of government agencies or were too expensive to maintain, lessening the advantages of membership. With the assimilation of its traditional membership base into the general population, the club was no longer the center of the cohesive ethnic community it once served. Despite adversity, the Centro Asturiano has endured, serving as an icon of heritage to descendants of the Spanish immigrants who played such a significant role in the development of modern Tampa.","Note written by Paul Camp, 2006; Joe Tamargo, 2011."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCentro Asturiano de Tampa collection, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa collection, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCentro Asturiano De Tampa Membership Records Photograph Collection\u003c/emph\u003e. Tampa, Florida: University of South Florida Libraries, 2003.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCentro Asturiano Library Collection,\u003c/emph\u003e Special Collections Department, Tampa Library, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCentro Espan\u0026#x303;ol De Tampa Collection\u003c/emph\u003e, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCuban Club Records\u003c/emph\u003e, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL. \u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Centro Asturiano De Tampa Membership Records Photograph Collection . Tampa, Florida: University of South Florida Libraries, 2003.","Centro Asturiano Library Collection,  Special Collections Department, Tampa Library, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.","Centro Español De Tampa Collection , USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL. ","Cuban Club Records , USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL. "],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Centro Asturiano de Tampa Collection consists of club and hospital records, meeting minutes, photographs, ephemera, zarzuelas, playbills, financial records, memorias, and cemetery records. Artifacts include flags, trophies, printing plates, and various other items related to the club.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Centro Asturiano de Tampa Collection consists of club and hospital records, meeting minutes, photographs, ephemera, zarzuelas, playbills, financial records, memorias, and cemetery records. Artifacts include flags, trophies, printing plates, and various other items related to the club."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone. The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright.\u0026#xA0; Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["None. The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/for more information."],"names_coll_ssim":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa"],"names_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Centro Asturiano de Tampa"],"corpname_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Centro Asturiano de Tampa"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1038,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1875301659078295552,"_root_":"8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f","timestamp":"2026-09-03T09:17:07.659Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f_aspace_359714a92cd8aa22dc55e98ec7da0b96"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Michael A. 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