{"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1949\u0026page=96","prev":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1949\u0026page=95","next":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1949\u0026page=97","last":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1949\u0026page=406"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":96,"next_page":97,"prev_page":95,"total_pages":406,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":950,"total_count":4058,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"aa862cad77720b140698c8fb","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Cuban Stamps Collection, 1855-1968","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/aa862cad77720b140698c8fb#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["Collection of Cuban stamps from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century."],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/aa862cad77720b140698c8fb#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"aa862cad77720b140698c8fb","title_ssm":["Cuban Stamps Collection"],"title_tesim":["Cuban Stamps Collection"],"ead_ssi":"aa862cad77720b140698c8fb","unitdate_ssm":["1855-1968"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1855-1968"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SPC9070","/repositories/2/resources/131"],"text":["SPC9070","/repositories/2/resources/131","Cuban Stamps Collection, 1855-1968","The collection is open for research.","The Cuban Stamp Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections offers valuable insight into Cuban history through postage stamps spanning the mid-19th to mid-20th century. These stamps reflect the cultural, social, and political events that shaped Cuba during this transformative period. From being under Spanish colonial rule, to the establishment of the Cuban Republic, and the rise of the Cuban Revolution, these historical events are mirrored in the stamps themselves. In 1855, Cuba issued its first postage stamp under Spanish rule, marking the beginning of its postal service. During this period, the stamps were heavily influenced by Spain and featured imagery of the Spanish monarchy, reinforcing the connection between the Spanish Empire and Cuba.","As the 19th century came to a close, the Spanish-American War marked a pivotal moment for Cuba, shifting from a colony to an independent nation in 1902. This period saw significant changes on the island, reflected in stamps that showcased national pride, symbols of independence, and images celebrating Cuba's rich history and culture. Additionally, these stamps were used to promote tourism to Cuba. Throughout the 20th century, Cuba experienced global events such as World War I, World War II, and the Great Depression. These events contributed to political instability and frequent government changes, signaling a period of crisis on the island. During the Cold War, as the Soviet Union rose to power, the Cuban Revolution of 1959 began to reshape the nation. The stamps from this period reflect the country's transformation, with imagery of revolutionary figures like Castro and Cienfuegos, and messaging that glorified the revolution and its progress.","This collection captures the evolution of Cuban stamps as a form of communication and propaganda, mirroring the island's growing sense of self-identity and its changing relationship with foreign powers. The stamps feature images of Cuban culture, art, historical figures, national flora and fauna, and the tourism industry, all serving as tools to promote Cuba to the world. Preserving this collection provides an opportunity to explore how Cuba transformed over the course of a century. Researchers can examine the shifting political ideologies, international relations, and national identities reflected in the stamps. The Cuban Stamp Collection at FIU is not only a historical archive but also a testament to the cultural and social changes of the 20th century.","\nEl Cuban Stamp Collection del Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections ofrece una valiosa perspectiva de la historia de Cuba a través de los sellos postales que abarcan desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta mediados del siglo XX. Estos sellos reflejan los eventos culturales, sociales y políticos que dieron forma a Cuba durante este período transformador. Desde el dominio colonial español, pasando por la creación de la República Cubana, hasta el surgimiento de la Revolución Cubana, estos eventos históricos se reflejan en los sellos mismos. En 1855, Cuba emitió su primer sello postal bajo el dominio español, marcando el comienzo de su servicio postal. Durante este período, los sellos estuvieron fuertemente influenciados por España e incluían imágenes de la monarquía española, reforzando la conexión entre el Imperio Español y Cuba.","Al final del siglo XIX, la Guerra Hispanoamericana marcó un momento clave para Cuba, pasando de ser una colonia a una nación independiente en 1902. Este período vio cambios significativos en la isla, reflejados en los sellos que mostraban el orgullo nacional, símbolos de independencia e imágenes que celebraban la rica historia y cultura de Cuba. Además, estos sellos fueron utilizados para promover el turismo hacia Cuba. A lo largo del siglo XX, Cuba experimentó eventos globales como la Primera y Segunda Guerra Mundial, y la Gran Depresión. Estos eventos contribuyeron a la inestabilidad política y a los frecuentes cambios de gobierno, lo que señaló un período de crisis en la isla. Durante la Guerra Fría, con el auge de la Unión Soviética, la Revolución Cubana de 1959 comenzó a remodelar la nación. Los sellos de este período reflejan la transformación del país, con imágenes de figuras revolucionarias como Castro y Cienfuegos, y mensajes que glorificaban la revolución y su progreso.","Esta colección captura la evolución de los sellos cubanos como una forma de comunicación y propaganda, reflejando el creciente sentido de identidad nacional de la isla y su cambiante relación con las potencias extranjeras. Los sellos presentan imágenes de la cultura cubana, el arte, figuras históricas, la flora y fauna nacional, y la industria del turismo, todas sirviendo como herramientas para promover Cuba al mundo. Preservar esta colección brinda la oportunidad de explorar cómo Cuba se transformó a lo largo de un siglo. Los investigadores pueden examinar las ideologías políticas cambiantes, las relaciones internacionales y las identidades nacionales reflejadas en los sellos. La Colección de Sellos de Cuba en FIU no es solo un archivo histórico, sino también un testimonio de los cambios culturales y sociales del siglo XX.","The Cuban Stamp Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections is a comprehensive assortment of postage stamps throughout the history of Cuba during this transformative period during the 20th century. It spans from the mid-19th century to the beginnings of the Cuban Revolution and its after effects. It demonstrates social political change through stamps and how they use this form of media to create propaganda of the revolt. It also shows how they handle international relations with other nations and how it promotes cultural figures, the arts, tourism, animal and plant species, and worldwide events. This collection offers three books worth of stamp collections, ranging from 500-600 individual stamps per book. Preserving these stamps gives opportunity for researchers to find out themselves how the imagery and symbolism evolve as the Cuban Revolution progresses and develops. ","\nLa Cuban Stamp Collection en las Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections es una recopilación integral de sellos postales que abarca la historia de Cuba durante este período transformador del siglo XX. Se extiende desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta los comienzos de la Revolución Cubana y sus efectos posteriores. Demuestra el cambio social y político a través de los sellos y cómo se utiliza este medio como propaganda de la revuelta. También muestra cómo se manejan las relaciones internacionales con otras naciones y cómo se promueven figuras culturales, las artes, el turismo, especies animales y plantas, y eventos mundiales. Esta colección consta de tres libros que contienen colecciones de sellos, con un rango de 500-600 sellos individuales por libro. La preservación de estos sellos ofrece a los investigadores la oportunidad de descubrir por sí mismos cómo evolucionan las imágenes y los símbolos a medida que avanza y se desarrolla la Revolución Cubana.","Rights. The Cuban Stamps Collection are owned by Florida International University. Literary rights as possessed by the donor have been dedicated to public use for research, study, and scholarship. The collection is subject to all copyright laws.","Collection of Cuban stamps from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century.","FIU Special Collections","English Spanish; Castilian"],"unitid_tesim":["SPC9070","/repositories/2/resources/131"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1855-1968"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Cuban Stamps Collection, 1855-1968"],"collection_title_tesim":["Cuban Stamps Collection, 1855-1968"],"collection_ssim":["Cuban Stamps Collection, 1855-1968"],"repository_ssm":["FIU Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["Rights. The Cuban Stamps Collection are owned by Florida International University. Literary rights as possessed by the donor have been dedicated to public use for research, study, and scholarship. The collection is subject to all copyright laws."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3 items"],"extent_tesim":["3 items"],"date_range_isim":[1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Cuban Stamp Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections offers valuable insight into Cuban history through postage stamps spanning the mid-19th to mid-20th century. These stamps reflect the cultural, social, and political events that shaped Cuba during this transformative period. From being under Spanish colonial rule, to the establishment of the Cuban Republic, and the rise of the Cuban Revolution, these historical events are mirrored in the stamps themselves. In 1855, Cuba issued its first postage stamp under Spanish rule, marking the beginning of its postal service. During this period, the stamps were heavily influenced by Spain and featured imagery of the Spanish monarchy, reinforcing the connection between the Spanish Empire and Cuba.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAs the 19th century came to a close, the Spanish-American War marked a pivotal moment for Cuba, shifting from a colony to an independent nation in 1902. This period saw significant changes on the island, reflected in stamps that showcased national pride, symbols of independence, and images celebrating Cuba's rich history and culture. Additionally, these stamps were used to promote tourism to Cuba. Throughout the 20th century, Cuba experienced global events such as World War I, World War II, and the Great Depression. These events contributed to political instability and frequent government changes, signaling a period of crisis on the island. During the Cold War, as the Soviet Union rose to power, the Cuban Revolution of 1959 began to reshape the nation. The stamps from this period reflect the country's transformation, with imagery of revolutionary figures like Castro and Cienfuegos, and messaging that glorified the revolution and its progress.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis collection captures the evolution of Cuban stamps as a form of communication and propaganda, mirroring the island's growing sense of self-identity and its changing relationship with foreign powers. The stamps feature images of Cuban culture, art, historical figures, national flora and fauna, and the tourism industry, all serving as tools to promote Cuba to the world. Preserving this collection provides an opportunity to explore how Cuba transformed over the course of a century. Researchers can examine the shifting political ideologies, international relations, and national identities reflected in the stamps. The Cuban Stamp Collection at FIU is not only a historical archive but also a testament to the cultural and social changes of the 20th century.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nEl Cuban Stamp Collection del Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections ofrece una valiosa perspectiva de la historia de Cuba a trav\u0026#xE9;s de los sellos postales que abarcan desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta mediados del siglo XX. Estos sellos reflejan los eventos culturales, sociales y pol\u0026#xED;ticos que dieron forma a Cuba durante este per\u0026#xED;odo transformador. Desde el dominio colonial espa\u0026#xF1;ol, pasando por la creaci\u0026#xF3;n de la Rep\u0026#xFA;blica Cubana, hasta el surgimiento de la Revoluci\u0026#xF3;n Cubana, estos eventos hist\u0026#xF3;ricos se reflejan en los sellos mismos. En 1855, Cuba emiti\u0026#xF3; su primer sello postal bajo el dominio espa\u0026#xF1;ol, marcando el comienzo de su servicio postal. Durante este per\u0026#xED;odo, los sellos estuvieron fuertemente influenciados por Espa\u0026#xF1;a e inclu\u0026#xED;an im\u0026#xE1;genes de la monarqu\u0026#xED;a espa\u0026#xF1;ola, reforzando la conexi\u0026#xF3;n entre el Imperio Espa\u0026#xF1;ol y Cuba.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAl final del siglo XIX, la Guerra Hispanoamericana marc\u0026#xF3; un momento clave para Cuba, pasando de ser una colonia a una naci\u0026#xF3;n independiente en 1902. Este per\u0026#xED;odo vio cambios significativos en la isla, reflejados en los sellos que mostraban el orgullo nacional, s\u0026#xED;mbolos de independencia e im\u0026#xE1;genes que celebraban la rica historia y cultura de Cuba. Adem\u0026#xE1;s, estos sellos fueron utilizados para promover el turismo hacia Cuba. A lo largo del siglo XX, Cuba experiment\u0026#xF3; eventos globales como la Primera y Segunda Guerra Mundial, y la Gran Depresi\u0026#xF3;n. Estos eventos contribuyeron a la inestabilidad pol\u0026#xED;tica y a los frecuentes cambios de gobierno, lo que se\u0026#xF1;al\u0026#xF3; un per\u0026#xED;odo de crisis en la isla. Durante la Guerra Fr\u0026#xED;a, con el auge de la Uni\u0026#xF3;n Sovi\u0026#xE9;tica, la Revoluci\u0026#xF3;n Cubana de 1959 comenz\u0026#xF3; a remodelar la naci\u0026#xF3;n. Los sellos de este per\u0026#xED;odo reflejan la transformaci\u0026#xF3;n del pa\u0026#xED;s, con im\u0026#xE1;genes de figuras revolucionarias como Castro y Cienfuegos, y mensajes que glorificaban la revoluci\u0026#xF3;n y su progreso.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEsta colecci\u0026#xF3;n captura la evoluci\u0026#xF3;n de los sellos cubanos como una forma de comunicaci\u0026#xF3;n y propaganda, reflejando el creciente sentido de identidad nacional de la isla y su cambiante relaci\u0026#xF3;n con las potencias extranjeras. Los sellos presentan im\u0026#xE1;genes de la cultura cubana, el arte, figuras hist\u0026#xF3;ricas, la flora y fauna nacional, y la industria del turismo, todas sirviendo como herramientas para promover Cuba al mundo. Preservar esta colecci\u0026#xF3;n brinda la oportunidad de explorar c\u0026#xF3;mo Cuba se transform\u0026#xF3; a lo largo de un siglo. Los investigadores pueden examinar las ideolog\u0026#xED;as pol\u0026#xED;ticas cambiantes, las relaciones internacionales y las identidades nacionales reflejadas en los sellos. La Colecci\u0026#xF3;n de Sellos de Cuba en FIU no es solo un archivo hist\u0026#xF3;rico, sino tambi\u0026#xE9;n un testimonio de los cambios culturales y sociales del siglo XX.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Cuban Stamp Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections offers valuable insight into Cuban history through postage stamps spanning the mid-19th to mid-20th century. These stamps reflect the cultural, social, and political events that shaped Cuba during this transformative period. From being under Spanish colonial rule, to the establishment of the Cuban Republic, and the rise of the Cuban Revolution, these historical events are mirrored in the stamps themselves. In 1855, Cuba issued its first postage stamp under Spanish rule, marking the beginning of its postal service. During this period, the stamps were heavily influenced by Spain and featured imagery of the Spanish monarchy, reinforcing the connection between the Spanish Empire and Cuba.","As the 19th century came to a close, the Spanish-American War marked a pivotal moment for Cuba, shifting from a colony to an independent nation in 1902. This period saw significant changes on the island, reflected in stamps that showcased national pride, symbols of independence, and images celebrating Cuba's rich history and culture. Additionally, these stamps were used to promote tourism to Cuba. Throughout the 20th century, Cuba experienced global events such as World War I, World War II, and the Great Depression. These events contributed to political instability and frequent government changes, signaling a period of crisis on the island. During the Cold War, as the Soviet Union rose to power, the Cuban Revolution of 1959 began to reshape the nation. The stamps from this period reflect the country's transformation, with imagery of revolutionary figures like Castro and Cienfuegos, and messaging that glorified the revolution and its progress.","This collection captures the evolution of Cuban stamps as a form of communication and propaganda, mirroring the island's growing sense of self-identity and its changing relationship with foreign powers. The stamps feature images of Cuban culture, art, historical figures, national flora and fauna, and the tourism industry, all serving as tools to promote Cuba to the world. Preserving this collection provides an opportunity to explore how Cuba transformed over the course of a century. Researchers can examine the shifting political ideologies, international relations, and national identities reflected in the stamps. The Cuban Stamp Collection at FIU is not only a historical archive but also a testament to the cultural and social changes of the 20th century.","\nEl Cuban Stamp Collection del Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections ofrece una valiosa perspectiva de la historia de Cuba a través de los sellos postales que abarcan desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta mediados del siglo XX. Estos sellos reflejan los eventos culturales, sociales y políticos que dieron forma a Cuba durante este período transformador. Desde el dominio colonial español, pasando por la creación de la República Cubana, hasta el surgimiento de la Revolución Cubana, estos eventos históricos se reflejan en los sellos mismos. En 1855, Cuba emitió su primer sello postal bajo el dominio español, marcando el comienzo de su servicio postal. Durante este período, los sellos estuvieron fuertemente influenciados por España e incluían imágenes de la monarquía española, reforzando la conexión entre el Imperio Español y Cuba.","Al final del siglo XIX, la Guerra Hispanoamericana marcó un momento clave para Cuba, pasando de ser una colonia a una nación independiente en 1902. Este período vio cambios significativos en la isla, reflejados en los sellos que mostraban el orgullo nacional, símbolos de independencia e imágenes que celebraban la rica historia y cultura de Cuba. Además, estos sellos fueron utilizados para promover el turismo hacia Cuba. A lo largo del siglo XX, Cuba experimentó eventos globales como la Primera y Segunda Guerra Mundial, y la Gran Depresión. Estos eventos contribuyeron a la inestabilidad política y a los frecuentes cambios de gobierno, lo que señaló un período de crisis en la isla. Durante la Guerra Fría, con el auge de la Unión Soviética, la Revolución Cubana de 1959 comenzó a remodelar la nación. Los sellos de este período reflejan la transformación del país, con imágenes de figuras revolucionarias como Castro y Cienfuegos, y mensajes que glorificaban la revolución y su progreso.","Esta colección captura la evolución de los sellos cubanos como una forma de comunicación y propaganda, reflejando el creciente sentido de identidad nacional de la isla y su cambiante relación con las potencias extranjeras. Los sellos presentan imágenes de la cultura cubana, el arte, figuras históricas, la flora y fauna nacional, y la industria del turismo, todas sirviendo como herramientas para promover Cuba al mundo. Preservar esta colección brinda la oportunidad de explorar cómo Cuba se transformó a lo largo de un siglo. Los investigadores pueden examinar las ideologías políticas cambiantes, las relaciones internacionales y las identidades nacionales reflejadas en los sellos. La Colección de Sellos de Cuba en FIU no es solo un archivo histórico, sino también un testimonio de los cambios culturales y sociales del siglo XX."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Cuban Stamp Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections is a comprehensive assortment of postage stamps throughout the history of Cuba during this transformative period during the 20th century. It spans from the mid-19th century to the beginnings of the Cuban Revolution and its after effects. It demonstrates social political change through stamps and how they use this form of media to create propaganda of the revolt. It also shows how they handle international relations with other nations and how it promotes cultural figures, the arts, tourism, animal and plant species, and worldwide events. This collection offers three books worth of stamp collections, ranging from 500-600 individual stamps per book. Preserving these stamps gives opportunity for researchers to find out themselves how the imagery and symbolism evolve as the Cuban Revolution progresses and develops. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nLa Cuban Stamp Collection en las Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections es una recopilaci\u0026#xF3;n integral de sellos postales que abarca la historia de Cuba durante este per\u0026#xED;odo transformador del siglo XX. Se extiende desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta los comienzos de la Revoluci\u0026#xF3;n Cubana y sus efectos posteriores. Demuestra el cambio social y pol\u0026#xED;tico a trav\u0026#xE9;s de los sellos y c\u0026#xF3;mo se utiliza este medio como propaganda de la revuelta. Tambi\u0026#xE9;n muestra c\u0026#xF3;mo se manejan las relaciones internacionales con otras naciones y c\u0026#xF3;mo se promueven figuras culturales, las artes, el turismo, especies animales y plantas, y eventos mundiales. Esta colecci\u0026#xF3;n consta de tres libros que contienen colecciones de sellos, con un rango de 500-600 sellos individuales por libro. La preservaci\u0026#xF3;n de estos sellos ofrece a los investigadores la oportunidad de descubrir por s\u0026#xED; mismos c\u0026#xF3;mo evolucionan las im\u0026#xE1;genes y los s\u0026#xED;mbolos a medida que avanza y se desarrolla la Revoluci\u0026#xF3;n Cubana.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Cuban Stamp Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections is a comprehensive assortment of postage stamps throughout the history of Cuba during this transformative period during the 20th century. It spans from the mid-19th century to the beginnings of the Cuban Revolution and its after effects. It demonstrates social political change through stamps and how they use this form of media to create propaganda of the revolt. It also shows how they handle international relations with other nations and how it promotes cultural figures, the arts, tourism, animal and plant species, and worldwide events. This collection offers three books worth of stamp collections, ranging from 500-600 individual stamps per book. Preserving these stamps gives opportunity for researchers to find out themselves how the imagery and symbolism evolve as the Cuban Revolution progresses and develops. ","\nLa Cuban Stamp Collection en las Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections es una recopilación integral de sellos postales que abarca la historia de Cuba durante este período transformador del siglo XX. Se extiende desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta los comienzos de la Revolución Cubana y sus efectos posteriores. Demuestra el cambio social y político a través de los sellos y cómo se utiliza este medio como propaganda de la revuelta. También muestra cómo se manejan las relaciones internacionales con otras naciones y cómo se promueven figuras culturales, las artes, el turismo, especies animales y plantas, y eventos mundiales. Esta colección consta de tres libros que contienen colecciones de sellos, con un rango de 500-600 sellos individuales por libro. La preservación de estos sellos ofrece a los investigadores la oportunidad de descubrir por sí mismos cómo evolucionan las imágenes y los símbolos a medida que avanza y se desarrolla la Revolución Cubana."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRights. The Cuban Stamps Collection are owned by Florida International University. Literary rights as possessed by the donor have been dedicated to public use for research, study, and scholarship. The collection is subject to all copyright laws.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Rights. The Cuban Stamps Collection are owned by Florida International University. Literary rights as possessed by the donor have been dedicated to public use for research, study, and scholarship. The collection is subject to all copyright laws."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_4174f2603576483c6691a9df651e17c6\"\u003eCollection of Cuban stamps from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Collection of Cuban stamps from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century."],"names_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"corpname_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"language_ssim":["English Spanish; Castilian"],"total_component_count_is":3,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"aa862cad77720b140698c8fb","timestamp":"2026-04-21T02:12:13.039Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"aa862cad77720b140698c8fb","title_ssm":["Cuban Stamps Collection"],"title_tesim":["Cuban Stamps Collection"],"ead_ssi":"aa862cad77720b140698c8fb","unitdate_ssm":["1855-1968"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1855-1968"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SPC9070","/repositories/2/resources/131"],"text":["SPC9070","/repositories/2/resources/131","Cuban Stamps Collection, 1855-1968","The collection is open for research.","The Cuban Stamp Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections offers valuable insight into Cuban history through postage stamps spanning the mid-19th to mid-20th century. These stamps reflect the cultural, social, and political events that shaped Cuba during this transformative period. From being under Spanish colonial rule, to the establishment of the Cuban Republic, and the rise of the Cuban Revolution, these historical events are mirrored in the stamps themselves. In 1855, Cuba issued its first postage stamp under Spanish rule, marking the beginning of its postal service. During this period, the stamps were heavily influenced by Spain and featured imagery of the Spanish monarchy, reinforcing the connection between the Spanish Empire and Cuba.","As the 19th century came to a close, the Spanish-American War marked a pivotal moment for Cuba, shifting from a colony to an independent nation in 1902. This period saw significant changes on the island, reflected in stamps that showcased national pride, symbols of independence, and images celebrating Cuba's rich history and culture. Additionally, these stamps were used to promote tourism to Cuba. Throughout the 20th century, Cuba experienced global events such as World War I, World War II, and the Great Depression. These events contributed to political instability and frequent government changes, signaling a period of crisis on the island. During the Cold War, as the Soviet Union rose to power, the Cuban Revolution of 1959 began to reshape the nation. The stamps from this period reflect the country's transformation, with imagery of revolutionary figures like Castro and Cienfuegos, and messaging that glorified the revolution and its progress.","This collection captures the evolution of Cuban stamps as a form of communication and propaganda, mirroring the island's growing sense of self-identity and its changing relationship with foreign powers. The stamps feature images of Cuban culture, art, historical figures, national flora and fauna, and the tourism industry, all serving as tools to promote Cuba to the world. Preserving this collection provides an opportunity to explore how Cuba transformed over the course of a century. Researchers can examine the shifting political ideologies, international relations, and national identities reflected in the stamps. The Cuban Stamp Collection at FIU is not only a historical archive but also a testament to the cultural and social changes of the 20th century.","\nEl Cuban Stamp Collection del Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections ofrece una valiosa perspectiva de la historia de Cuba a través de los sellos postales que abarcan desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta mediados del siglo XX. Estos sellos reflejan los eventos culturales, sociales y políticos que dieron forma a Cuba durante este período transformador. Desde el dominio colonial español, pasando por la creación de la República Cubana, hasta el surgimiento de la Revolución Cubana, estos eventos históricos se reflejan en los sellos mismos. En 1855, Cuba emitió su primer sello postal bajo el dominio español, marcando el comienzo de su servicio postal. Durante este período, los sellos estuvieron fuertemente influenciados por España e incluían imágenes de la monarquía española, reforzando la conexión entre el Imperio Español y Cuba.","Al final del siglo XIX, la Guerra Hispanoamericana marcó un momento clave para Cuba, pasando de ser una colonia a una nación independiente en 1902. Este período vio cambios significativos en la isla, reflejados en los sellos que mostraban el orgullo nacional, símbolos de independencia e imágenes que celebraban la rica historia y cultura de Cuba. Además, estos sellos fueron utilizados para promover el turismo hacia Cuba. A lo largo del siglo XX, Cuba experimentó eventos globales como la Primera y Segunda Guerra Mundial, y la Gran Depresión. Estos eventos contribuyeron a la inestabilidad política y a los frecuentes cambios de gobierno, lo que señaló un período de crisis en la isla. Durante la Guerra Fría, con el auge de la Unión Soviética, la Revolución Cubana de 1959 comenzó a remodelar la nación. Los sellos de este período reflejan la transformación del país, con imágenes de figuras revolucionarias como Castro y Cienfuegos, y mensajes que glorificaban la revolución y su progreso.","Esta colección captura la evolución de los sellos cubanos como una forma de comunicación y propaganda, reflejando el creciente sentido de identidad nacional de la isla y su cambiante relación con las potencias extranjeras. Los sellos presentan imágenes de la cultura cubana, el arte, figuras históricas, la flora y fauna nacional, y la industria del turismo, todas sirviendo como herramientas para promover Cuba al mundo. Preservar esta colección brinda la oportunidad de explorar cómo Cuba se transformó a lo largo de un siglo. Los investigadores pueden examinar las ideologías políticas cambiantes, las relaciones internacionales y las identidades nacionales reflejadas en los sellos. La Colección de Sellos de Cuba en FIU no es solo un archivo histórico, sino también un testimonio de los cambios culturales y sociales del siglo XX.","The Cuban Stamp Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections is a comprehensive assortment of postage stamps throughout the history of Cuba during this transformative period during the 20th century. It spans from the mid-19th century to the beginnings of the Cuban Revolution and its after effects. It demonstrates social political change through stamps and how they use this form of media to create propaganda of the revolt. It also shows how they handle international relations with other nations and how it promotes cultural figures, the arts, tourism, animal and plant species, and worldwide events. This collection offers three books worth of stamp collections, ranging from 500-600 individual stamps per book. Preserving these stamps gives opportunity for researchers to find out themselves how the imagery and symbolism evolve as the Cuban Revolution progresses and develops. ","\nLa Cuban Stamp Collection en las Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections es una recopilación integral de sellos postales que abarca la historia de Cuba durante este período transformador del siglo XX. Se extiende desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta los comienzos de la Revolución Cubana y sus efectos posteriores. Demuestra el cambio social y político a través de los sellos y cómo se utiliza este medio como propaganda de la revuelta. También muestra cómo se manejan las relaciones internacionales con otras naciones y cómo se promueven figuras culturales, las artes, el turismo, especies animales y plantas, y eventos mundiales. Esta colección consta de tres libros que contienen colecciones de sellos, con un rango de 500-600 sellos individuales por libro. La preservación de estos sellos ofrece a los investigadores la oportunidad de descubrir por sí mismos cómo evolucionan las imágenes y los símbolos a medida que avanza y se desarrolla la Revolución Cubana.","Rights. The Cuban Stamps Collection are owned by Florida International University. Literary rights as possessed by the donor have been dedicated to public use for research, study, and scholarship. The collection is subject to all copyright laws.","Collection of Cuban stamps from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century.","FIU Special Collections","English Spanish; Castilian"],"unitid_tesim":["SPC9070","/repositories/2/resources/131"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1855-1968"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Cuban Stamps Collection, 1855-1968"],"collection_title_tesim":["Cuban Stamps Collection, 1855-1968"],"collection_ssim":["Cuban Stamps Collection, 1855-1968"],"repository_ssm":["FIU Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["Rights. The Cuban Stamps Collection are owned by Florida International University. Literary rights as possessed by the donor have been dedicated to public use for research, study, and scholarship. The collection is subject to all copyright laws."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3 items"],"extent_tesim":["3 items"],"date_range_isim":[1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Cuban Stamp Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections offers valuable insight into Cuban history through postage stamps spanning the mid-19th to mid-20th century. These stamps reflect the cultural, social, and political events that shaped Cuba during this transformative period. From being under Spanish colonial rule, to the establishment of the Cuban Republic, and the rise of the Cuban Revolution, these historical events are mirrored in the stamps themselves. In 1855, Cuba issued its first postage stamp under Spanish rule, marking the beginning of its postal service. During this period, the stamps were heavily influenced by Spain and featured imagery of the Spanish monarchy, reinforcing the connection between the Spanish Empire and Cuba.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAs the 19th century came to a close, the Spanish-American War marked a pivotal moment for Cuba, shifting from a colony to an independent nation in 1902. This period saw significant changes on the island, reflected in stamps that showcased national pride, symbols of independence, and images celebrating Cuba's rich history and culture. Additionally, these stamps were used to promote tourism to Cuba. Throughout the 20th century, Cuba experienced global events such as World War I, World War II, and the Great Depression. These events contributed to political instability and frequent government changes, signaling a period of crisis on the island. During the Cold War, as the Soviet Union rose to power, the Cuban Revolution of 1959 began to reshape the nation. The stamps from this period reflect the country's transformation, with imagery of revolutionary figures like Castro and Cienfuegos, and messaging that glorified the revolution and its progress.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis collection captures the evolution of Cuban stamps as a form of communication and propaganda, mirroring the island's growing sense of self-identity and its changing relationship with foreign powers. The stamps feature images of Cuban culture, art, historical figures, national flora and fauna, and the tourism industry, all serving as tools to promote Cuba to the world. Preserving this collection provides an opportunity to explore how Cuba transformed over the course of a century. Researchers can examine the shifting political ideologies, international relations, and national identities reflected in the stamps. The Cuban Stamp Collection at FIU is not only a historical archive but also a testament to the cultural and social changes of the 20th century.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nEl Cuban Stamp Collection del Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections ofrece una valiosa perspectiva de la historia de Cuba a trav\u0026#xE9;s de los sellos postales que abarcan desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta mediados del siglo XX. Estos sellos reflejan los eventos culturales, sociales y pol\u0026#xED;ticos que dieron forma a Cuba durante este per\u0026#xED;odo transformador. Desde el dominio colonial espa\u0026#xF1;ol, pasando por la creaci\u0026#xF3;n de la Rep\u0026#xFA;blica Cubana, hasta el surgimiento de la Revoluci\u0026#xF3;n Cubana, estos eventos hist\u0026#xF3;ricos se reflejan en los sellos mismos. En 1855, Cuba emiti\u0026#xF3; su primer sello postal bajo el dominio espa\u0026#xF1;ol, marcando el comienzo de su servicio postal. Durante este per\u0026#xED;odo, los sellos estuvieron fuertemente influenciados por Espa\u0026#xF1;a e inclu\u0026#xED;an im\u0026#xE1;genes de la monarqu\u0026#xED;a espa\u0026#xF1;ola, reforzando la conexi\u0026#xF3;n entre el Imperio Espa\u0026#xF1;ol y Cuba.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAl final del siglo XIX, la Guerra Hispanoamericana marc\u0026#xF3; un momento clave para Cuba, pasando de ser una colonia a una naci\u0026#xF3;n independiente en 1902. Este per\u0026#xED;odo vio cambios significativos en la isla, reflejados en los sellos que mostraban el orgullo nacional, s\u0026#xED;mbolos de independencia e im\u0026#xE1;genes que celebraban la rica historia y cultura de Cuba. Adem\u0026#xE1;s, estos sellos fueron utilizados para promover el turismo hacia Cuba. A lo largo del siglo XX, Cuba experiment\u0026#xF3; eventos globales como la Primera y Segunda Guerra Mundial, y la Gran Depresi\u0026#xF3;n. Estos eventos contribuyeron a la inestabilidad pol\u0026#xED;tica y a los frecuentes cambios de gobierno, lo que se\u0026#xF1;al\u0026#xF3; un per\u0026#xED;odo de crisis en la isla. Durante la Guerra Fr\u0026#xED;a, con el auge de la Uni\u0026#xF3;n Sovi\u0026#xE9;tica, la Revoluci\u0026#xF3;n Cubana de 1959 comenz\u0026#xF3; a remodelar la naci\u0026#xF3;n. Los sellos de este per\u0026#xED;odo reflejan la transformaci\u0026#xF3;n del pa\u0026#xED;s, con im\u0026#xE1;genes de figuras revolucionarias como Castro y Cienfuegos, y mensajes que glorificaban la revoluci\u0026#xF3;n y su progreso.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEsta colecci\u0026#xF3;n captura la evoluci\u0026#xF3;n de los sellos cubanos como una forma de comunicaci\u0026#xF3;n y propaganda, reflejando el creciente sentido de identidad nacional de la isla y su cambiante relaci\u0026#xF3;n con las potencias extranjeras. Los sellos presentan im\u0026#xE1;genes de la cultura cubana, el arte, figuras hist\u0026#xF3;ricas, la flora y fauna nacional, y la industria del turismo, todas sirviendo como herramientas para promover Cuba al mundo. Preservar esta colecci\u0026#xF3;n brinda la oportunidad de explorar c\u0026#xF3;mo Cuba se transform\u0026#xF3; a lo largo de un siglo. Los investigadores pueden examinar las ideolog\u0026#xED;as pol\u0026#xED;ticas cambiantes, las relaciones internacionales y las identidades nacionales reflejadas en los sellos. La Colecci\u0026#xF3;n de Sellos de Cuba en FIU no es solo un archivo hist\u0026#xF3;rico, sino tambi\u0026#xE9;n un testimonio de los cambios culturales y sociales del siglo XX.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Cuban Stamp Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections offers valuable insight into Cuban history through postage stamps spanning the mid-19th to mid-20th century. These stamps reflect the cultural, social, and political events that shaped Cuba during this transformative period. From being under Spanish colonial rule, to the establishment of the Cuban Republic, and the rise of the Cuban Revolution, these historical events are mirrored in the stamps themselves. In 1855, Cuba issued its first postage stamp under Spanish rule, marking the beginning of its postal service. During this period, the stamps were heavily influenced by Spain and featured imagery of the Spanish monarchy, reinforcing the connection between the Spanish Empire and Cuba.","As the 19th century came to a close, the Spanish-American War marked a pivotal moment for Cuba, shifting from a colony to an independent nation in 1902. This period saw significant changes on the island, reflected in stamps that showcased national pride, symbols of independence, and images celebrating Cuba's rich history and culture. Additionally, these stamps were used to promote tourism to Cuba. Throughout the 20th century, Cuba experienced global events such as World War I, World War II, and the Great Depression. These events contributed to political instability and frequent government changes, signaling a period of crisis on the island. During the Cold War, as the Soviet Union rose to power, the Cuban Revolution of 1959 began to reshape the nation. The stamps from this period reflect the country's transformation, with imagery of revolutionary figures like Castro and Cienfuegos, and messaging that glorified the revolution and its progress.","This collection captures the evolution of Cuban stamps as a form of communication and propaganda, mirroring the island's growing sense of self-identity and its changing relationship with foreign powers. The stamps feature images of Cuban culture, art, historical figures, national flora and fauna, and the tourism industry, all serving as tools to promote Cuba to the world. Preserving this collection provides an opportunity to explore how Cuba transformed over the course of a century. Researchers can examine the shifting political ideologies, international relations, and national identities reflected in the stamps. The Cuban Stamp Collection at FIU is not only a historical archive but also a testament to the cultural and social changes of the 20th century.","\nEl Cuban Stamp Collection del Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections ofrece una valiosa perspectiva de la historia de Cuba a través de los sellos postales que abarcan desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta mediados del siglo XX. Estos sellos reflejan los eventos culturales, sociales y políticos que dieron forma a Cuba durante este período transformador. Desde el dominio colonial español, pasando por la creación de la República Cubana, hasta el surgimiento de la Revolución Cubana, estos eventos históricos se reflejan en los sellos mismos. En 1855, Cuba emitió su primer sello postal bajo el dominio español, marcando el comienzo de su servicio postal. Durante este período, los sellos estuvieron fuertemente influenciados por España e incluían imágenes de la monarquía española, reforzando la conexión entre el Imperio Español y Cuba.","Al final del siglo XIX, la Guerra Hispanoamericana marcó un momento clave para Cuba, pasando de ser una colonia a una nación independiente en 1902. Este período vio cambios significativos en la isla, reflejados en los sellos que mostraban el orgullo nacional, símbolos de independencia e imágenes que celebraban la rica historia y cultura de Cuba. Además, estos sellos fueron utilizados para promover el turismo hacia Cuba. A lo largo del siglo XX, Cuba experimentó eventos globales como la Primera y Segunda Guerra Mundial, y la Gran Depresión. Estos eventos contribuyeron a la inestabilidad política y a los frecuentes cambios de gobierno, lo que señaló un período de crisis en la isla. Durante la Guerra Fría, con el auge de la Unión Soviética, la Revolución Cubana de 1959 comenzó a remodelar la nación. Los sellos de este período reflejan la transformación del país, con imágenes de figuras revolucionarias como Castro y Cienfuegos, y mensajes que glorificaban la revolución y su progreso.","Esta colección captura la evolución de los sellos cubanos como una forma de comunicación y propaganda, reflejando el creciente sentido de identidad nacional de la isla y su cambiante relación con las potencias extranjeras. Los sellos presentan imágenes de la cultura cubana, el arte, figuras históricas, la flora y fauna nacional, y la industria del turismo, todas sirviendo como herramientas para promover Cuba al mundo. Preservar esta colección brinda la oportunidad de explorar cómo Cuba se transformó a lo largo de un siglo. Los investigadores pueden examinar las ideologías políticas cambiantes, las relaciones internacionales y las identidades nacionales reflejadas en los sellos. La Colección de Sellos de Cuba en FIU no es solo un archivo histórico, sino también un testimonio de los cambios culturales y sociales del siglo XX."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Cuban Stamp Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections is a comprehensive assortment of postage stamps throughout the history of Cuba during this transformative period during the 20th century. It spans from the mid-19th century to the beginnings of the Cuban Revolution and its after effects. It demonstrates social political change through stamps and how they use this form of media to create propaganda of the revolt. It also shows how they handle international relations with other nations and how it promotes cultural figures, the arts, tourism, animal and plant species, and worldwide events. This collection offers three books worth of stamp collections, ranging from 500-600 individual stamps per book. Preserving these stamps gives opportunity for researchers to find out themselves how the imagery and symbolism evolve as the Cuban Revolution progresses and develops. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nLa Cuban Stamp Collection en las Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections es una recopilaci\u0026#xF3;n integral de sellos postales que abarca la historia de Cuba durante este per\u0026#xED;odo transformador del siglo XX. Se extiende desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta los comienzos de la Revoluci\u0026#xF3;n Cubana y sus efectos posteriores. Demuestra el cambio social y pol\u0026#xED;tico a trav\u0026#xE9;s de los sellos y c\u0026#xF3;mo se utiliza este medio como propaganda de la revuelta. Tambi\u0026#xE9;n muestra c\u0026#xF3;mo se manejan las relaciones internacionales con otras naciones y c\u0026#xF3;mo se promueven figuras culturales, las artes, el turismo, especies animales y plantas, y eventos mundiales. Esta colecci\u0026#xF3;n consta de tres libros que contienen colecciones de sellos, con un rango de 500-600 sellos individuales por libro. La preservaci\u0026#xF3;n de estos sellos ofrece a los investigadores la oportunidad de descubrir por s\u0026#xED; mismos c\u0026#xF3;mo evolucionan las im\u0026#xE1;genes y los s\u0026#xED;mbolos a medida que avanza y se desarrolla la Revoluci\u0026#xF3;n Cubana.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Cuban Stamp Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections is a comprehensive assortment of postage stamps throughout the history of Cuba during this transformative period during the 20th century. It spans from the mid-19th century to the beginnings of the Cuban Revolution and its after effects. It demonstrates social political change through stamps and how they use this form of media to create propaganda of the revolt. It also shows how they handle international relations with other nations and how it promotes cultural figures, the arts, tourism, animal and plant species, and worldwide events. This collection offers three books worth of stamp collections, ranging from 500-600 individual stamps per book. Preserving these stamps gives opportunity for researchers to find out themselves how the imagery and symbolism evolve as the Cuban Revolution progresses and develops. ","\nLa Cuban Stamp Collection en las Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections es una recopilación integral de sellos postales que abarca la historia de Cuba durante este período transformador del siglo XX. Se extiende desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta los comienzos de la Revolución Cubana y sus efectos posteriores. Demuestra el cambio social y político a través de los sellos y cómo se utiliza este medio como propaganda de la revuelta. También muestra cómo se manejan las relaciones internacionales con otras naciones y cómo se promueven figuras culturales, las artes, el turismo, especies animales y plantas, y eventos mundiales. Esta colección consta de tres libros que contienen colecciones de sellos, con un rango de 500-600 sellos individuales por libro. La preservación de estos sellos ofrece a los investigadores la oportunidad de descubrir por sí mismos cómo evolucionan las imágenes y los símbolos a medida que avanza y se desarrolla la Revolución Cubana."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRights. The Cuban Stamps Collection are owned by Florida International University. Literary rights as possessed by the donor have been dedicated to public use for research, study, and scholarship. The collection is subject to all copyright laws.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Rights. The Cuban Stamps Collection are owned by Florida International University. Literary rights as possessed by the donor have been dedicated to public use for research, study, and scholarship. The collection is subject to all copyright laws."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_4174f2603576483c6691a9df651e17c6\"\u003eCollection of Cuban stamps from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Collection of Cuban stamps from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century."],"names_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"corpname_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"language_ssim":["English Spanish; Castilian"],"total_component_count_is":3,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"aa862cad77720b140698c8fb","timestamp":"2026-04-21T02:12:13.039Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/aa862cad77720b140698c8fb"}},{"id":"9c82e394cec8c38e5e7b9a93","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Cuban Tree Sample Collection, bulk 1900-2000","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/9c82e394cec8c38e5e7b9a93#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["Collection of various Cuban tree species samples throughout the 20th century."],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/9c82e394cec8c38e5e7b9a93#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"9c82e394cec8c38e5e7b9a93","title_ssm":["Cuban Tree Sample Collection"],"title_tesim":["Cuban Tree Sample Collection"],"ead_ssi":"9c82e394cec8c38e5e7b9a93","unitdate_ssm":["1900-2000"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1900-2000"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SPC9080","/repositories/2/resources/132"],"text":["SPC9080","/repositories/2/resources/132","Cuban Tree Sample Collection, bulk 1900-2000","The collection is open for research.","The Cuban Tree Sample Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections is a significant repository that traces the rich and diverse flora of trees in the island of Cuba. This collection was donated by Karla Ferrer back in 2024. This arrangement started in the 20th century and throughout, documenting common and unique tree specimens in the country. This is to better understand the ecological system that Cuba has and a way to preserve its biological heritage for generations to come. \nThe 307 samples in this collection, from various regions in the island of Cuba to represent the biodiversity that the country offers, from lush tropical forests to its coastal areas, the mountains to the urban cities. ","These 307 specimens are documented and labeled according to their local names, all grouped into 9 sheets for everyone to see it on display, touch and feel the specimens. The samples where cut, dried, and pressed unto these sheets, this serves as not only a scientific resource but as in important cultural artifact reflecting their roles in Cuban life. They share historical significance, for their use of traditional medicines and agriculture to their symbolic importance in Cuban society. ","The Cuban Tree Sample Collection serves as a useful resource for researchers, educators, students, conservationists alike, offering insights into the island nation of Cuba's plant life and its ecological heritage. ","\nLa Colección de Muestras de Árboles Cubanos en las Colecciones Especiales de la Universidad Internacional de Florida (FIU) es un importante repositorio que rastrea la rica y diversa flora de árboles de la isla de Cuba. Esta colección fue donada por Karla Ferrer en 2024. El arreglo de esta colección comenzó en el siglo XX y, a lo largo del tiempo, documentó ejemplares comunes y únicos de árboles en el país. El objetivo de esta recopilación es comprender mejor el sistema ecológico de Cuba y preservar su patrimonio biológico para las futuras generaciones.","Las 307 muestras de esta colección provienen de diversas regiones de la isla de Cuba, representando la biodiversidad que ofrece el país, desde sus exuberantes bosques tropicales hasta sus zonas costeras, las montañas y las ciudades urbanas. Estas 307 muestras están documentadas y etiquetadas de acuerdo con sus nombres locales, todas agrupadas en 9 hojas para ser exhibidas, tocadas y observadas por el público. Las muestras fueron cortadas, secadas y prensadas sobre estas hojas, lo que las convierte no solo en un recurso científico, sino en un importante artefacto cultural que refleja su papel en la vida cubana. Tienen un significado histórico, ya que se utilizan en la medicina tradicional, la agricultura y poseen una importancia simbólica en la sociedad cubana.","La Colección de Muestras de Árboles Cubanos sirve como un recurso útil para investigadores, educadores, estudiantes y conservacionistas, ofreciendo una visión de la vida vegetal de la nación insular de Cuba y su herencia ecológica.","The Cuban Tree Sample Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections is an arranged compilation of various tree species that can be found in the island of Cuba, a total of 307 different samples throughout the country grouped into 9 sheets to display. Collected throughout the 20th century, it gives researchers and those who are curious an idea of a comprehensive overlook on the country's unique and rich biodiversity that are integral to the ecosystem to the island nation of Cuba. These botanical specimens are preserved records for those who are interested in Cuban flora and preservation. Their historical and cultural significance of different tree species and their role in Cuban society, whether that be for uses in traditional medicine, agriculture, and crafts in local folklore. This collection provides insight into the island's plant life, ecological and environmental diversity that helped shaped Cuba's natural beauty. ","\nLa Colección de Muestras de Árboles Cubanos en las Colecciones Especiales de la Universidad Internacional de Florida (FIU) es una compilación organizada de diversas especies de árboles que se pueden encontrar en la isla de Cuba, un total de 307 muestras diferentes de todo el país agrupadas en 9 hojas de exhibición. Recogidas a lo largo del siglo XX, ofrece a los investigadores y a aquellos interesados una visión integral de la biodiversidad única y rica que es fundamental para el ecosistema de la nación insular de Cuba. Estos especímenes botánicos son registros preservados para quienes están interesados en la flora cubana y su conservación. La importancia histórica y cultural de las diferentes especies de árboles y su papel en la sociedad cubana, ya sea para su uso en la medicina tradicional, la agricultura, la artesanía o el folclore local, es un aspecto relevante de esta colección. Esta colección ofrece una visión sobre la vida vegetal de la isla, la diversidad ecológica y ambiental que ayudó a dar forma a la belleza natural de Cuba.","Rights. The Cuban Tree Sample Collection are owned by Florida International University. Literary rights as possessed by the donor have been dedicated to public use for research, study, and scholarship. The collection is subject to all copyright laws.","Collection of various Cuban tree species samples throughout the 20th century.","FIU Special Collections","Spanish; Castilian"],"unitid_tesim":["SPC9080","/repositories/2/resources/132"],"normalized_date_ssm":["bulk 1900-2000"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Cuban Tree Sample Collection, bulk 1900-2000"],"collection_title_tesim":["Cuban Tree Sample Collection, bulk 1900-2000"],"collection_ssim":["Cuban Tree Sample Collection, bulk 1900-2000"],"repository_ssm":["FIU Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["Rights. The Cuban Tree Sample Collection are owned by Florida International University. Literary rights as possessed by the donor have been dedicated to public use for research, study, and scholarship. The collection is subject to all copyright laws."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["9 Sheets 307 Tree Samples"],"extent_tesim":["9 Sheets 307 Tree Samples"],"date_range_isim":[1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Cuban Tree Sample Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections is a significant repository that traces the rich and diverse flora of trees in the island of Cuba. This collection was donated by Karla Ferrer back in 2024. This arrangement started in the 20th century and throughout, documenting common and unique tree specimens in the country. This is to better understand the ecological system that Cuba has and a way to preserve its biological heritage for generations to come. \nThe 307 samples in this collection, from various regions in the island of Cuba to represent the biodiversity that the country offers, from lush tropical forests to its coastal areas, the mountains to the urban cities. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThese 307 specimens are documented and labeled according to their local names, all grouped into 9 sheets for everyone to see it on display, touch and feel the specimens. The samples where cut, dried, and pressed unto these sheets, this serves as not only a scientific resource but as in important cultural artifact reflecting their roles in Cuban life. They share historical significance, for their use of traditional medicines and agriculture to their symbolic importance in Cuban society. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Cuban Tree Sample Collection serves as a useful resource for researchers, educators, students, conservationists alike, offering insights into the island nation of Cuba's plant life and its ecological heritage. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nLa Colecci\u0026#xF3;n de Muestras de \u0026#xC1;rboles Cubanos en las Colecciones Especiales de la Universidad Internacional de Florida (FIU) es un importante repositorio que rastrea la rica y diversa flora de \u0026#xE1;rboles de la isla de Cuba. Esta colecci\u0026#xF3;n fue donada por Karla Ferrer en 2024. El arreglo de esta colecci\u0026#xF3;n comenz\u0026#xF3; en el siglo XX y, a lo largo del tiempo, document\u0026#xF3; ejemplares comunes y \u0026#xFA;nicos de \u0026#xE1;rboles en el pa\u0026#xED;s. El objetivo de esta recopilaci\u0026#xF3;n es comprender mejor el sistema ecol\u0026#xF3;gico de Cuba y preservar su patrimonio biol\u0026#xF3;gico para las futuras generaciones.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLas 307 muestras de esta colecci\u0026#xF3;n provienen de diversas regiones de la isla de Cuba, representando la biodiversidad que ofrece el pa\u0026#xED;s, desde sus exuberantes bosques tropicales hasta sus zonas costeras, las monta\u0026#xF1;as y las ciudades urbanas. Estas 307 muestras est\u0026#xE1;n documentadas y etiquetadas de acuerdo con sus nombres locales, todas agrupadas en 9 hojas para ser exhibidas, tocadas y observadas por el p\u0026#xFA;blico. Las muestras fueron cortadas, secadas y prensadas sobre estas hojas, lo que las convierte no solo en un recurso cient\u0026#xED;fico, sino en un importante artefacto cultural que refleja su papel en la vida cubana. Tienen un significado hist\u0026#xF3;rico, ya que se utilizan en la medicina tradicional, la agricultura y poseen una importancia simb\u0026#xF3;lica en la sociedad cubana.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLa Colecci\u0026#xF3;n de Muestras de \u0026#xC1;rboles Cubanos sirve como un recurso \u0026#xFA;til para investigadores, educadores, estudiantes y conservacionistas, ofreciendo una visi\u0026#xF3;n de la vida vegetal de la naci\u0026#xF3;n insular de Cuba y su herencia ecol\u0026#xF3;gica.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Cuban Tree Sample Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections is a significant repository that traces the rich and diverse flora of trees in the island of Cuba. This collection was donated by Karla Ferrer back in 2024. This arrangement started in the 20th century and throughout, documenting common and unique tree specimens in the country. This is to better understand the ecological system that Cuba has and a way to preserve its biological heritage for generations to come. \nThe 307 samples in this collection, from various regions in the island of Cuba to represent the biodiversity that the country offers, from lush tropical forests to its coastal areas, the mountains to the urban cities. ","These 307 specimens are documented and labeled according to their local names, all grouped into 9 sheets for everyone to see it on display, touch and feel the specimens. The samples where cut, dried, and pressed unto these sheets, this serves as not only a scientific resource but as in important cultural artifact reflecting their roles in Cuban life. They share historical significance, for their use of traditional medicines and agriculture to their symbolic importance in Cuban society. ","The Cuban Tree Sample Collection serves as a useful resource for researchers, educators, students, conservationists alike, offering insights into the island nation of Cuba's plant life and its ecological heritage. ","\nLa Colección de Muestras de Árboles Cubanos en las Colecciones Especiales de la Universidad Internacional de Florida (FIU) es un importante repositorio que rastrea la rica y diversa flora de árboles de la isla de Cuba. Esta colección fue donada por Karla Ferrer en 2024. El arreglo de esta colección comenzó en el siglo XX y, a lo largo del tiempo, documentó ejemplares comunes y únicos de árboles en el país. El objetivo de esta recopilación es comprender mejor el sistema ecológico de Cuba y preservar su patrimonio biológico para las futuras generaciones.","Las 307 muestras de esta colección provienen de diversas regiones de la isla de Cuba, representando la biodiversidad que ofrece el país, desde sus exuberantes bosques tropicales hasta sus zonas costeras, las montañas y las ciudades urbanas. Estas 307 muestras están documentadas y etiquetadas de acuerdo con sus nombres locales, todas agrupadas en 9 hojas para ser exhibidas, tocadas y observadas por el público. Las muestras fueron cortadas, secadas y prensadas sobre estas hojas, lo que las convierte no solo en un recurso científico, sino en un importante artefacto cultural que refleja su papel en la vida cubana. Tienen un significado histórico, ya que se utilizan en la medicina tradicional, la agricultura y poseen una importancia simbólica en la sociedad cubana.","La Colección de Muestras de Árboles Cubanos sirve como un recurso útil para investigadores, educadores, estudiantes y conservacionistas, ofreciendo una visión de la vida vegetal de la nación insular de Cuba y su herencia ecológica."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Cuban Tree Sample Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections is an arranged compilation of various tree species that can be found in the island of Cuba, a total of 307 different samples throughout the country grouped into 9 sheets to display. Collected throughout the 20th century, it gives researchers and those who are curious an idea of a comprehensive overlook on the country's unique and rich biodiversity that are integral to the ecosystem to the island nation of Cuba. These botanical specimens are preserved records for those who are interested in Cuban flora and preservation. Their historical and cultural significance of different tree species and their role in Cuban society, whether that be for uses in traditional medicine, agriculture, and crafts in local folklore. This collection provides insight into the island's plant life, ecological and environmental diversity that helped shaped Cuba's natural beauty. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nLa Colecci\u0026#xF3;n de Muestras de \u0026#xC1;rboles Cubanos en las Colecciones Especiales de la Universidad Internacional de Florida (FIU) es una compilaci\u0026#xF3;n organizada de diversas especies de \u0026#xE1;rboles que se pueden encontrar en la isla de Cuba, un total de 307 muestras diferentes de todo el pa\u0026#xED;s agrupadas en 9 hojas de exhibici\u0026#xF3;n. Recogidas a lo largo del siglo XX, ofrece a los investigadores y a aquellos interesados una visi\u0026#xF3;n integral de la biodiversidad \u0026#xFA;nica y rica que es fundamental para el ecosistema de la naci\u0026#xF3;n insular de Cuba. Estos espec\u0026#xED;menes bot\u0026#xE1;nicos son registros preservados para quienes est\u0026#xE1;n interesados en la flora cubana y su conservaci\u0026#xF3;n. La importancia hist\u0026#xF3;rica y cultural de las diferentes especies de \u0026#xE1;rboles y su papel en la sociedad cubana, ya sea para su uso en la medicina tradicional, la agricultura, la artesan\u0026#xED;a o el folclore local, es un aspecto relevante de esta colecci\u0026#xF3;n. Esta colecci\u0026#xF3;n ofrece una visi\u0026#xF3;n sobre la vida vegetal de la isla, la diversidad ecol\u0026#xF3;gica y ambiental que ayud\u0026#xF3; a dar forma a la belleza natural de Cuba.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Cuban Tree Sample Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections is an arranged compilation of various tree species that can be found in the island of Cuba, a total of 307 different samples throughout the country grouped into 9 sheets to display. Collected throughout the 20th century, it gives researchers and those who are curious an idea of a comprehensive overlook on the country's unique and rich biodiversity that are integral to the ecosystem to the island nation of Cuba. These botanical specimens are preserved records for those who are interested in Cuban flora and preservation. Their historical and cultural significance of different tree species and their role in Cuban society, whether that be for uses in traditional medicine, agriculture, and crafts in local folklore. This collection provides insight into the island's plant life, ecological and environmental diversity that helped shaped Cuba's natural beauty. ","\nLa Colección de Muestras de Árboles Cubanos en las Colecciones Especiales de la Universidad Internacional de Florida (FIU) es una compilación organizada de diversas especies de árboles que se pueden encontrar en la isla de Cuba, un total de 307 muestras diferentes de todo el país agrupadas en 9 hojas de exhibición. Recogidas a lo largo del siglo XX, ofrece a los investigadores y a aquellos interesados una visión integral de la biodiversidad única y rica que es fundamental para el ecosistema de la nación insular de Cuba. Estos especímenes botánicos son registros preservados para quienes están interesados en la flora cubana y su conservación. La importancia histórica y cultural de las diferentes especies de árboles y su papel en la sociedad cubana, ya sea para su uso en la medicina tradicional, la agricultura, la artesanía o el folclore local, es un aspecto relevante de esta colección. Esta colección ofrece una visión sobre la vida vegetal de la isla, la diversidad ecológica y ambiental que ayudó a dar forma a la belleza natural de Cuba."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRights. The Cuban Tree Sample Collection are owned by Florida International University. Literary rights as possessed by the donor have been dedicated to public use for research, study, and scholarship. The collection is subject to all copyright laws.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Rights. The Cuban Tree Sample Collection are owned by Florida International University. Literary rights as possessed by the donor have been dedicated to public use for research, study, and scholarship. The collection is subject to all copyright laws."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_0ead03125445d2e6f8ef8c73ada4e38a\"\u003eCollection of various Cuban tree species samples throughout the 20th century.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Collection of various Cuban tree species samples throughout the 20th century."],"names_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"corpname_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"language_ssim":["Spanish; Castilian"],"total_component_count_is":9,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870844485654544384,"_root_":"9c82e394cec8c38e5e7b9a93","timestamp":"2026-07-16T04:32:15.959Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"9c82e394cec8c38e5e7b9a93","title_ssm":["Cuban Tree Sample Collection"],"title_tesim":["Cuban Tree Sample Collection"],"ead_ssi":"9c82e394cec8c38e5e7b9a93","unitdate_ssm":["1900-2000"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1900-2000"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SPC9080","/repositories/2/resources/132"],"text":["SPC9080","/repositories/2/resources/132","Cuban Tree Sample Collection, bulk 1900-2000","The collection is open for research.","The Cuban Tree Sample Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections is a significant repository that traces the rich and diverse flora of trees in the island of Cuba. This collection was donated by Karla Ferrer back in 2024. This arrangement started in the 20th century and throughout, documenting common and unique tree specimens in the country. This is to better understand the ecological system that Cuba has and a way to preserve its biological heritage for generations to come. \nThe 307 samples in this collection, from various regions in the island of Cuba to represent the biodiversity that the country offers, from lush tropical forests to its coastal areas, the mountains to the urban cities. ","These 307 specimens are documented and labeled according to their local names, all grouped into 9 sheets for everyone to see it on display, touch and feel the specimens. The samples where cut, dried, and pressed unto these sheets, this serves as not only a scientific resource but as in important cultural artifact reflecting their roles in Cuban life. They share historical significance, for their use of traditional medicines and agriculture to their symbolic importance in Cuban society. ","The Cuban Tree Sample Collection serves as a useful resource for researchers, educators, students, conservationists alike, offering insights into the island nation of Cuba's plant life and its ecological heritage. ","\nLa Colección de Muestras de Árboles Cubanos en las Colecciones Especiales de la Universidad Internacional de Florida (FIU) es un importante repositorio que rastrea la rica y diversa flora de árboles de la isla de Cuba. Esta colección fue donada por Karla Ferrer en 2024. El arreglo de esta colección comenzó en el siglo XX y, a lo largo del tiempo, documentó ejemplares comunes y únicos de árboles en el país. El objetivo de esta recopilación es comprender mejor el sistema ecológico de Cuba y preservar su patrimonio biológico para las futuras generaciones.","Las 307 muestras de esta colección provienen de diversas regiones de la isla de Cuba, representando la biodiversidad que ofrece el país, desde sus exuberantes bosques tropicales hasta sus zonas costeras, las montañas y las ciudades urbanas. Estas 307 muestras están documentadas y etiquetadas de acuerdo con sus nombres locales, todas agrupadas en 9 hojas para ser exhibidas, tocadas y observadas por el público. Las muestras fueron cortadas, secadas y prensadas sobre estas hojas, lo que las convierte no solo en un recurso científico, sino en un importante artefacto cultural que refleja su papel en la vida cubana. Tienen un significado histórico, ya que se utilizan en la medicina tradicional, la agricultura y poseen una importancia simbólica en la sociedad cubana.","La Colección de Muestras de Árboles Cubanos sirve como un recurso útil para investigadores, educadores, estudiantes y conservacionistas, ofreciendo una visión de la vida vegetal de la nación insular de Cuba y su herencia ecológica.","The Cuban Tree Sample Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections is an arranged compilation of various tree species that can be found in the island of Cuba, a total of 307 different samples throughout the country grouped into 9 sheets to display. Collected throughout the 20th century, it gives researchers and those who are curious an idea of a comprehensive overlook on the country's unique and rich biodiversity that are integral to the ecosystem to the island nation of Cuba. These botanical specimens are preserved records for those who are interested in Cuban flora and preservation. Their historical and cultural significance of different tree species and their role in Cuban society, whether that be for uses in traditional medicine, agriculture, and crafts in local folklore. This collection provides insight into the island's plant life, ecological and environmental diversity that helped shaped Cuba's natural beauty. ","\nLa Colección de Muestras de Árboles Cubanos en las Colecciones Especiales de la Universidad Internacional de Florida (FIU) es una compilación organizada de diversas especies de árboles que se pueden encontrar en la isla de Cuba, un total de 307 muestras diferentes de todo el país agrupadas en 9 hojas de exhibición. Recogidas a lo largo del siglo XX, ofrece a los investigadores y a aquellos interesados una visión integral de la biodiversidad única y rica que es fundamental para el ecosistema de la nación insular de Cuba. Estos especímenes botánicos son registros preservados para quienes están interesados en la flora cubana y su conservación. La importancia histórica y cultural de las diferentes especies de árboles y su papel en la sociedad cubana, ya sea para su uso en la medicina tradicional, la agricultura, la artesanía o el folclore local, es un aspecto relevante de esta colección. Esta colección ofrece una visión sobre la vida vegetal de la isla, la diversidad ecológica y ambiental que ayudó a dar forma a la belleza natural de Cuba.","Rights. The Cuban Tree Sample Collection are owned by Florida International University. Literary rights as possessed by the donor have been dedicated to public use for research, study, and scholarship. The collection is subject to all copyright laws.","Collection of various Cuban tree species samples throughout the 20th century.","FIU Special Collections","Spanish; Castilian"],"unitid_tesim":["SPC9080","/repositories/2/resources/132"],"normalized_date_ssm":["bulk 1900-2000"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Cuban Tree Sample Collection, bulk 1900-2000"],"collection_title_tesim":["Cuban Tree Sample Collection, bulk 1900-2000"],"collection_ssim":["Cuban Tree Sample Collection, bulk 1900-2000"],"repository_ssm":["FIU Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["Rights. The Cuban Tree Sample Collection are owned by Florida International University. Literary rights as possessed by the donor have been dedicated to public use for research, study, and scholarship. The collection is subject to all copyright laws."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["9 Sheets 307 Tree Samples"],"extent_tesim":["9 Sheets 307 Tree Samples"],"date_range_isim":[1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Cuban Tree Sample Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections is a significant repository that traces the rich and diverse flora of trees in the island of Cuba. This collection was donated by Karla Ferrer back in 2024. This arrangement started in the 20th century and throughout, documenting common and unique tree specimens in the country. This is to better understand the ecological system that Cuba has and a way to preserve its biological heritage for generations to come. \nThe 307 samples in this collection, from various regions in the island of Cuba to represent the biodiversity that the country offers, from lush tropical forests to its coastal areas, the mountains to the urban cities. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThese 307 specimens are documented and labeled according to their local names, all grouped into 9 sheets for everyone to see it on display, touch and feel the specimens. The samples where cut, dried, and pressed unto these sheets, this serves as not only a scientific resource but as in important cultural artifact reflecting their roles in Cuban life. They share historical significance, for their use of traditional medicines and agriculture to their symbolic importance in Cuban society. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Cuban Tree Sample Collection serves as a useful resource for researchers, educators, students, conservationists alike, offering insights into the island nation of Cuba's plant life and its ecological heritage. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nLa Colecci\u0026#xF3;n de Muestras de \u0026#xC1;rboles Cubanos en las Colecciones Especiales de la Universidad Internacional de Florida (FIU) es un importante repositorio que rastrea la rica y diversa flora de \u0026#xE1;rboles de la isla de Cuba. Esta colecci\u0026#xF3;n fue donada por Karla Ferrer en 2024. El arreglo de esta colecci\u0026#xF3;n comenz\u0026#xF3; en el siglo XX y, a lo largo del tiempo, document\u0026#xF3; ejemplares comunes y \u0026#xFA;nicos de \u0026#xE1;rboles en el pa\u0026#xED;s. El objetivo de esta recopilaci\u0026#xF3;n es comprender mejor el sistema ecol\u0026#xF3;gico de Cuba y preservar su patrimonio biol\u0026#xF3;gico para las futuras generaciones.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLas 307 muestras de esta colecci\u0026#xF3;n provienen de diversas regiones de la isla de Cuba, representando la biodiversidad que ofrece el pa\u0026#xED;s, desde sus exuberantes bosques tropicales hasta sus zonas costeras, las monta\u0026#xF1;as y las ciudades urbanas. Estas 307 muestras est\u0026#xE1;n documentadas y etiquetadas de acuerdo con sus nombres locales, todas agrupadas en 9 hojas para ser exhibidas, tocadas y observadas por el p\u0026#xFA;blico. Las muestras fueron cortadas, secadas y prensadas sobre estas hojas, lo que las convierte no solo en un recurso cient\u0026#xED;fico, sino en un importante artefacto cultural que refleja su papel en la vida cubana. Tienen un significado hist\u0026#xF3;rico, ya que se utilizan en la medicina tradicional, la agricultura y poseen una importancia simb\u0026#xF3;lica en la sociedad cubana.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLa Colecci\u0026#xF3;n de Muestras de \u0026#xC1;rboles Cubanos sirve como un recurso \u0026#xFA;til para investigadores, educadores, estudiantes y conservacionistas, ofreciendo una visi\u0026#xF3;n de la vida vegetal de la naci\u0026#xF3;n insular de Cuba y su herencia ecol\u0026#xF3;gica.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Cuban Tree Sample Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections is a significant repository that traces the rich and diverse flora of trees in the island of Cuba. This collection was donated by Karla Ferrer back in 2024. This arrangement started in the 20th century and throughout, documenting common and unique tree specimens in the country. This is to better understand the ecological system that Cuba has and a way to preserve its biological heritage for generations to come. \nThe 307 samples in this collection, from various regions in the island of Cuba to represent the biodiversity that the country offers, from lush tropical forests to its coastal areas, the mountains to the urban cities. ","These 307 specimens are documented and labeled according to their local names, all grouped into 9 sheets for everyone to see it on display, touch and feel the specimens. The samples where cut, dried, and pressed unto these sheets, this serves as not only a scientific resource but as in important cultural artifact reflecting their roles in Cuban life. They share historical significance, for their use of traditional medicines and agriculture to their symbolic importance in Cuban society. ","The Cuban Tree Sample Collection serves as a useful resource for researchers, educators, students, conservationists alike, offering insights into the island nation of Cuba's plant life and its ecological heritage. ","\nLa Colección de Muestras de Árboles Cubanos en las Colecciones Especiales de la Universidad Internacional de Florida (FIU) es un importante repositorio que rastrea la rica y diversa flora de árboles de la isla de Cuba. Esta colección fue donada por Karla Ferrer en 2024. El arreglo de esta colección comenzó en el siglo XX y, a lo largo del tiempo, documentó ejemplares comunes y únicos de árboles en el país. El objetivo de esta recopilación es comprender mejor el sistema ecológico de Cuba y preservar su patrimonio biológico para las futuras generaciones.","Las 307 muestras de esta colección provienen de diversas regiones de la isla de Cuba, representando la biodiversidad que ofrece el país, desde sus exuberantes bosques tropicales hasta sus zonas costeras, las montañas y las ciudades urbanas. Estas 307 muestras están documentadas y etiquetadas de acuerdo con sus nombres locales, todas agrupadas en 9 hojas para ser exhibidas, tocadas y observadas por el público. Las muestras fueron cortadas, secadas y prensadas sobre estas hojas, lo que las convierte no solo en un recurso científico, sino en un importante artefacto cultural que refleja su papel en la vida cubana. Tienen un significado histórico, ya que se utilizan en la medicina tradicional, la agricultura y poseen una importancia simbólica en la sociedad cubana.","La Colección de Muestras de Árboles Cubanos sirve como un recurso útil para investigadores, educadores, estudiantes y conservacionistas, ofreciendo una visión de la vida vegetal de la nación insular de Cuba y su herencia ecológica."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Cuban Tree Sample Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections is an arranged compilation of various tree species that can be found in the island of Cuba, a total of 307 different samples throughout the country grouped into 9 sheets to display. Collected throughout the 20th century, it gives researchers and those who are curious an idea of a comprehensive overlook on the country's unique and rich biodiversity that are integral to the ecosystem to the island nation of Cuba. These botanical specimens are preserved records for those who are interested in Cuban flora and preservation. Their historical and cultural significance of different tree species and their role in Cuban society, whether that be for uses in traditional medicine, agriculture, and crafts in local folklore. This collection provides insight into the island's plant life, ecological and environmental diversity that helped shaped Cuba's natural beauty. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nLa Colecci\u0026#xF3;n de Muestras de \u0026#xC1;rboles Cubanos en las Colecciones Especiales de la Universidad Internacional de Florida (FIU) es una compilaci\u0026#xF3;n organizada de diversas especies de \u0026#xE1;rboles que se pueden encontrar en la isla de Cuba, un total de 307 muestras diferentes de todo el pa\u0026#xED;s agrupadas en 9 hojas de exhibici\u0026#xF3;n. Recogidas a lo largo del siglo XX, ofrece a los investigadores y a aquellos interesados una visi\u0026#xF3;n integral de la biodiversidad \u0026#xFA;nica y rica que es fundamental para el ecosistema de la naci\u0026#xF3;n insular de Cuba. Estos espec\u0026#xED;menes bot\u0026#xE1;nicos son registros preservados para quienes est\u0026#xE1;n interesados en la flora cubana y su conservaci\u0026#xF3;n. La importancia hist\u0026#xF3;rica y cultural de las diferentes especies de \u0026#xE1;rboles y su papel en la sociedad cubana, ya sea para su uso en la medicina tradicional, la agricultura, la artesan\u0026#xED;a o el folclore local, es un aspecto relevante de esta colecci\u0026#xF3;n. Esta colecci\u0026#xF3;n ofrece una visi\u0026#xF3;n sobre la vida vegetal de la isla, la diversidad ecol\u0026#xF3;gica y ambiental que ayud\u0026#xF3; a dar forma a la belleza natural de Cuba.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Cuban Tree Sample Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections is an arranged compilation of various tree species that can be found in the island of Cuba, a total of 307 different samples throughout the country grouped into 9 sheets to display. Collected throughout the 20th century, it gives researchers and those who are curious an idea of a comprehensive overlook on the country's unique and rich biodiversity that are integral to the ecosystem to the island nation of Cuba. These botanical specimens are preserved records for those who are interested in Cuban flora and preservation. Their historical and cultural significance of different tree species and their role in Cuban society, whether that be for uses in traditional medicine, agriculture, and crafts in local folklore. This collection provides insight into the island's plant life, ecological and environmental diversity that helped shaped Cuba's natural beauty. ","\nLa Colección de Muestras de Árboles Cubanos en las Colecciones Especiales de la Universidad Internacional de Florida (FIU) es una compilación organizada de diversas especies de árboles que se pueden encontrar en la isla de Cuba, un total de 307 muestras diferentes de todo el país agrupadas en 9 hojas de exhibición. Recogidas a lo largo del siglo XX, ofrece a los investigadores y a aquellos interesados una visión integral de la biodiversidad única y rica que es fundamental para el ecosistema de la nación insular de Cuba. Estos especímenes botánicos son registros preservados para quienes están interesados en la flora cubana y su conservación. La importancia histórica y cultural de las diferentes especies de árboles y su papel en la sociedad cubana, ya sea para su uso en la medicina tradicional, la agricultura, la artesanía o el folclore local, es un aspecto relevante de esta colección. Esta colección ofrece una visión sobre la vida vegetal de la isla, la diversidad ecológica y ambiental que ayudó a dar forma a la belleza natural de Cuba."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRights. The Cuban Tree Sample Collection are owned by Florida International University. Literary rights as possessed by the donor have been dedicated to public use for research, study, and scholarship. The collection is subject to all copyright laws.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Rights. The Cuban Tree Sample Collection are owned by Florida International University. Literary rights as possessed by the donor have been dedicated to public use for research, study, and scholarship. The collection is subject to all copyright laws."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_0ead03125445d2e6f8ef8c73ada4e38a\"\u003eCollection of various Cuban tree species samples throughout the 20th century.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Collection of various Cuban tree species samples throughout the 20th century."],"names_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"corpname_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"language_ssim":["Spanish; Castilian"],"total_component_count_is":9,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870844485654544384,"_root_":"9c82e394cec8c38e5e7b9a93","timestamp":"2026-07-16T04:32:15.959Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/9c82e394cec8c38e5e7b9a93"}},{"id":"5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62_aspace_c17e67709c90d98cf0289383d4f242fd","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Current English Forum By: Harold B. Allen, 1949","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62_aspace_c17e67709c90d98cf0289383d4f242fd#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_c17e67709c90d98cf0289383d4f242fd","ref_ssm":["aspace_c17e67709c90d98cf0289383d4f242fd","aspace_c17e67709c90d98cf0289383d4f242fd"],"id":"5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62_aspace_c17e67709c90d98cf0289383d4f242fd","title_filing_ssi":"Current English Forum By: Harold B. Allen","title_ssm":["Current English Forum By: Harold B. Allen"],"title_tesim":["Current English Forum By: Harold B. Allen"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1949"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1949"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Current English Forum By: Harold B. Allen, 1949"],"text":["Current English Forum By: Harold B. Allen, 1949","Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006","Writings by others","/repositories/2/archival_objects/29191","box 50","folder 14"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62","5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62_aspace_60421e776c845bf7cd0dc7e916c56d99"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006","Writings by others"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006","Writings by others"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/2/archival_objects/29191"],"repository_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":1174,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The Niara Sudarkasa Collection is open for research."],"date_range_isim":[1949],"containers_ssim":["box 50","folder 14"],"_nest_path_":"/components#4/components#323","_nest_parent_":"5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62_aspace_60421e776c845bf7cd0dc7e916c56d99","_root_":"5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62","timestamp":"2026-04-21T02:08:51.248Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62","title_filing_ssi":"Sudarkasa, Niara Collection","title_ssm":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection"],"title_tesim":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection"],"ead_ssi":"5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62","unitdate_ssm":["1934-2006"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1934-2006"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["AARLCC.2006.4","/repositories/2/resources/51"],"text":["AARLCC.2006.4","/repositories/2/resources/51","Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006","Bahamian Americans","Correspondence","Photographs","plaques (flat objects)","Periodicals","The Niara Sudarkasa Collection is open for research.","View a selection of digitized materials from the Niara Sudarkasa Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives.","Niara Sudarkasa, born Gloria Albertha Marshall to a Bahamian immigrant family on August 14, 1938, in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, demonstrated exceptional academic promise from an early age. She graduated from Dillard High School at just 14 years old and, at 15, entered Fisk University on a Ford Foundation scholarship to study English. Her intellectual journey deepened at Oberlin College, where exposure to courses on the African diaspora inspired her to change her major to Sociology-Anthropology, earning her bachelor's degree in 1957.","Gloria enrolled at Columbia University in New York, where she pursued graduate studies in Anthropology. She earned both her Master's (1959) and Ph.D. degrees in (1964), becoming the first African American woman to teach at Columbia University. Following the completion of her doctorate, Dr. Sudarkasa was appointed assistant professor of anthropology at New York University (1970-1976), again marking a historic first for an African American woman. ","Gloria Albertha Marshall adopted the name Niara Sudarkasa to reflect her evolving identity as a cultural bridge between African Americans and continental Africans. Her name change marked a deepening commitment to diasporic connection and cultural reclamation.\nAt the University of Michigan, Dr. Sudarkasa continued to break barriers, becoming the first African American faculty member in the Department of Anthropology. From 1978 to 1981, she served as Associate Director of the Center for Afro-American and African Studies, advancing scholarship and institutional support for African diaspora research.","In 1986, she became the first female president of Lincoln University in Pennsylvania, a role she held until 1998. Her scholarship increasingly centered on the lives of women in West Africa and the enduring strength of the Black family. Her work in Nigeria earned her recognition from the royal court: in 2001, His Royal Majesty Aláyélúwà Ọba Ọkúnadé Sijuwade Olúbùsẹ II of the Royal Court of Ifẹ́ conferred upon her the chieftaincy title Yèyé Olókun Ìgbàdérò. She was the first African American to receive this honor from the Ifẹ́ Kingdom.","Following her retirement from higher education, Dr. Sudarkasa returned to her hometown of Fort Lauderdale, Florida, where she became the first scholar-in-residence at the newly opened African American Research Library and Cultural Center in 2002.\nDr. Sudarkasa was married to John L. Clark and was the mother of Michael Sudarkasa. She passed away on May 31, 2019, at the age of 80, leaving behind a legacy of scholarship, leadership, and cultural stewardship.","The Niara Sudarkasa Collection received container level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection. ","Parts of the collection have received file level processing. From January 2022 to May 2024, FIU interns, Emmanuel George, and Dominique St. Victor processed \"Series I. Correspondence\" and \"Series III. Professional Papers, Sub-series 1. Writings by Niara Sudarkasa and Sub-series 2. Writings by Others\" as part of the WPHL-FIU Community Data Curation grant.","The Niara Sudarkasa Collection documents the career of anthropologist, Africanist, professor, and university president Dr. Niara Sudarkasa. The collection contains correspondence, scholarly writings, publications, research files, audio visual materials, awards, and business papers dating from 1934 to 2006. The collection also includes Dr. Sudarka's personal library of more than 2,500 books, journals, and pamphlets. The collection highlights Dr. Sudarkasa's professional achievements including becoming the first woman president of Lincoln University in Pennsylvania and first Black faculty member of the Anthropology Department at the University of Michigan. Her papers are a unique resource on Yoruba language and culture, ethnic groups in higher education, and the Black Power Movement in the United States. They also document her work to strengthen international programs at Lincoln and the University of Michigan.","Books from this collection were cataloged in the Broward County Library catalog with the prefix \"SUD\".","AARLCC Special Collections","University of Michigan. Department of Anthropology","Lincoln University (Pa.)","Sudarkasa, Niara","English"],"unitid_tesim":["AARLCC.2006.4","/repositories/2/resources/51"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1934-2006"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006"],"collection_title_tesim":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006"],"collection_ssim":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006"],"repository_ssm":["AARLCC Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections"],"creator_ssm":["Sudarkasa, Niara"],"creator_ssim":["Sudarkasa, Niara"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Sudarkasa, Niara"],"creators_ssim":["Sudarkasa, Niara"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Dr. Niara Sudarkasa donated the materials to the AARLCC Special Collections on October 17, 2006 (Accession AARLCC-2006.4)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Bahamian Americans","Correspondence","Photographs","plaques (flat objects)","Periodicals"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Bahamian Americans","Correspondence","Photographs","plaques (flat objects)","Periodicals"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["400 Hollinger Boxes","410 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["400 Hollinger Boxes","410 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Photographs","plaques (flat objects)","Periodicals"],"date_range_isim":[1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Niara Sudarkasa Collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The Niara Sudarkasa Collection is open for research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://digitalarchives.broward.org/digital/collection/nsb\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eView a selection of digitized materials from the Niara Sudarkasa Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Digitized Materials"],"altformavail_tesim":["View a selection of digitized materials from the Niara Sudarkasa Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNiara Sudarkasa, born Gloria Albertha Marshall to a Bahamian immigrant family on August 14, 1938, in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, demonstrated exceptional academic promise from an early age. She graduated from Dillard High School at just 14 years old and, at 15, entered Fisk University on a Ford Foundation scholarship to study English. Her intellectual journey deepened at Oberlin College, where exposure to courses on the African diaspora inspired her to change her major to Sociology-Anthropology, earning her bachelor's degree in 1957.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGloria enrolled at Columbia University in New York, where she pursued graduate studies in Anthropology. She earned both her Master's (1959) and Ph.D. degrees in (1964), becoming the first African American woman to teach at Columbia University. Following the completion of her doctorate, Dr. Sudarkasa was appointed assistant professor of anthropology at New York University (1970-1976), again marking a historic first for an African American woman. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGloria Albertha Marshall adopted the name Niara Sudarkasa to reflect her evolving identity as a cultural bridge between African Americans and continental Africans. Her name change marked a deepening commitment to diasporic connection and cultural reclamation.\nAt the University of Michigan, Dr. Sudarkasa continued to break barriers, becoming the first African American faculty member in the Department of Anthropology. From 1978 to 1981, she served as Associate Director of the Center for Afro-American and African Studies, advancing scholarship and institutional support for African diaspora research.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1986, she became the first female president of Lincoln University in Pennsylvania, a role she held until 1998. Her scholarship increasingly centered on the lives of women in West Africa and the enduring strength of the Black family. Her work in Nigeria earned her recognition from the royal court: in 2001, His Royal Majesty Al\u0026#xE1;y\u0026#xE9;l\u0026#xFA;w\u0026#xE0; \u0026#x1ECC;ba \u0026#x1ECC;k\u0026#xFA;nad\u0026#xE9; Sijuwade Ol\u0026#xFA;b\u0026#xF9;s\u0026#x1EB9; II of the Royal Court of If\u0026#x1EB9;\u0026#x301; conferred upon her the chieftaincy title Y\u0026#xE8;y\u0026#xE9; Ol\u0026#xF3;kun \u0026#xCC;gb\u0026#xE0;d\u0026#xE9;r\u0026#xF2;. She was the first African American to receive this honor from the If\u0026#x1EB9;\u0026#x301; Kingdom.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFollowing her retirement from higher education, Dr. Sudarkasa returned to her hometown of Fort Lauderdale, Florida, where she became the first scholar-in-residence at the newly opened African American Research Library and Cultural Center in 2002.\nDr. Sudarkasa was married to John L. Clark and was the mother of Michael Sudarkasa. She passed away on May 31, 2019, at the age of 80, leaving behind a legacy of scholarship, leadership, and cultural stewardship.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Niara Sudarkasa, born Gloria Albertha Marshall to a Bahamian immigrant family on August 14, 1938, in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, demonstrated exceptional academic promise from an early age. She graduated from Dillard High School at just 14 years old and, at 15, entered Fisk University on a Ford Foundation scholarship to study English. Her intellectual journey deepened at Oberlin College, where exposure to courses on the African diaspora inspired her to change her major to Sociology-Anthropology, earning her bachelor's degree in 1957.","Gloria enrolled at Columbia University in New York, where she pursued graduate studies in Anthropology. She earned both her Master's (1959) and Ph.D. degrees in (1964), becoming the first African American woman to teach at Columbia University. Following the completion of her doctorate, Dr. Sudarkasa was appointed assistant professor of anthropology at New York University (1970-1976), again marking a historic first for an African American woman. ","Gloria Albertha Marshall adopted the name Niara Sudarkasa to reflect her evolving identity as a cultural bridge between African Americans and continental Africans. Her name change marked a deepening commitment to diasporic connection and cultural reclamation.\nAt the University of Michigan, Dr. Sudarkasa continued to break barriers, becoming the first African American faculty member in the Department of Anthropology. From 1978 to 1981, she served as Associate Director of the Center for Afro-American and African Studies, advancing scholarship and institutional support for African diaspora research.","In 1986, she became the first female president of Lincoln University in Pennsylvania, a role she held until 1998. Her scholarship increasingly centered on the lives of women in West Africa and the enduring strength of the Black family. Her work in Nigeria earned her recognition from the royal court: in 2001, His Royal Majesty Aláyélúwà Ọba Ọkúnadé Sijuwade Olúbùsẹ II of the Royal Court of Ifẹ́ conferred upon her the chieftaincy title Yèyé Olókun Ìgbàdérò. She was the first African American to receive this honor from the Ifẹ́ Kingdom.","Following her retirement from higher education, Dr. Sudarkasa returned to her hometown of Fort Lauderdale, Florida, where she became the first scholar-in-residence at the newly opened African American Research Library and Cultural Center in 2002.\nDr. Sudarkasa was married to John L. Clark and was the mother of Michael Sudarkasa. She passed away on May 31, 2019, at the age of 80, leaving behind a legacy of scholarship, leadership, and cultural stewardship."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNiara Sudarkasa Collection, African American Research Library and Cultural Center Special Collections, Broward County Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection, African American Research Library and Cultural Center Special Collections, Broward County Library."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Niara Sudarkasa Collection received container level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParts of the collection have received file level processing. From January 2022 to May 2024, FIU interns, Emmanuel George, and Dominique St. Victor processed \"Series I. Correspondence\" and \"Series III. Professional Papers, Sub-series 1. Writings by Niara Sudarkasa and Sub-series 2. Writings by Others\" as part of the WPHL-FIU Community Data Curation grant.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The Niara Sudarkasa Collection received container level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection. ","Parts of the collection have received file level processing. From January 2022 to May 2024, FIU interns, Emmanuel George, and Dominique St. Victor processed \"Series I. Correspondence\" and \"Series III. Professional Papers, Sub-series 1. Writings by Niara Sudarkasa and Sub-series 2. Writings by Others\" as part of the WPHL-FIU Community Data Curation grant."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Niara Sudarkasa Collection documents the career of anthropologist, Africanist, professor, and university president Dr. Niara Sudarkasa. The collection contains correspondence, scholarly writings, publications, research files, audio visual materials, awards, and business papers dating from 1934 to 2006. The collection also includes Dr. Sudarka's personal library of more than 2,500 books, journals, and pamphlets. The collection highlights Dr. Sudarkasa's professional achievements including becoming the first woman president of Lincoln University in Pennsylvania and first Black faculty member of the Anthropology Department at the University of Michigan. Her papers are a unique resource on Yoruba language and culture, ethnic groups in higher education, and the Black Power Movement in the United States. They also document her work to strengthen international programs at Lincoln and the University of Michigan.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Niara Sudarkasa Collection documents the career of anthropologist, Africanist, professor, and university president Dr. Niara Sudarkasa. The collection contains correspondence, scholarly writings, publications, research files, audio visual materials, awards, and business papers dating from 1934 to 2006. The collection also includes Dr. Sudarka's personal library of more than 2,500 books, journals, and pamphlets. The collection highlights Dr. Sudarkasa's professional achievements including becoming the first woman president of Lincoln University in Pennsylvania and first Black faculty member of the Anthropology Department at the University of Michigan. Her papers are a unique resource on Yoruba language and culture, ethnic groups in higher education, and the Black Power Movement in the United States. They also document her work to strengthen international programs at Lincoln and the University of Michigan."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://broward.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/results?qu=SUD\u0026amp;qf=LOCATION%09Shelf+Location%091%3AAF-SPC%09AARLCC+Special+Collections\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBooks from this collection were cataloged in the Broward County Library catalog with the prefix \"SUD\".\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Access the Books"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Books from this collection were cataloged in the Broward County Library catalog with the prefix \"SUD\"."],"names_coll_ssim":["University of Michigan. Department of Anthropology","Lincoln University (Pa.)"],"names_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections","University of Michigan. Department of Anthropology","Lincoln University (Pa.)","Sudarkasa, Niara"],"corpname_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections","University of Michigan. Department of Anthropology","Lincoln University (Pa.)"],"persname_ssim":["Sudarkasa, Niara"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":2760,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62","timestamp":"2026-04-21T02:08:51.248Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62_aspace_c17e67709c90d98cf0289383d4f242fd"}},{"id":"c23f28321e30625cfbbcec14","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Curtis Davidson Collection, 1938-1989","creator":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/c23f28321e30625cfbbcec14#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["Davidson, Curtis"],"label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/c23f28321e30625cfbbcec14#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eThe Curtis Davidson Collection comprises a number of recordings in reel-to-reel, cassette, and compact disc format. These recordings document performances of the Curtis Davidson Orchestra and Curtis Davidson and his Southerners from 1930-1980. The recordings are primarily of the genre called Dixieland jazz which was prominent in New Orleans and the Big Bend area during this time. Davidson spent his nights playing throughout the southeast. He was interested in recording and many of these gigs were recorded on his own Wollensak tape recorder. These reel-to-reel recordings hold a prominent position in the collection. Some recordings feature former FSU professor of piano Dr. Robert Glotzbach and meteorologist Bill Ragsdale, who was known as \"Willie the Weatherman.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/c23f28321e30625cfbbcec14#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"c23f28321e30625cfbbcec14","title_ssm":["Curtis Davidson Collection"],"title_tesim":["Curtis Davidson Collection"],"ead_ssi":"c23f28321e30625cfbbcec14","unitdate_ssm":["1938-1989"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1938-1989"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["FSUML-2020-014","/repositories/12/resources/1702"],"text":["FSUML-2020-014","/repositories/12/resources/1702","Curtis Davidson Collection, 1938-1989","This collection is open to all researchers. Users may access this collection by making an appointment with the Music Special Collections staff at AMLSpec@fsu.edu.","Curtis Davidson (1913-2001) was a trumpeter from Quincy, Florida who was dedicated to sharing his passion for Dixieland Jazz music throughout the Southeast. His lifelong love affair with the trumpet started when he was 16 years old. It was during this time that he formed his own Dixieland Jazz group that he would continue to play in almost to the end of his life.","While still in his teens, Davidson became friends with Dan Langford (brother of FSU Foundation Board member George Langford), who was a radio personality in Thomasville, Georgia. Davidson would play live shows in Thomasville for the radio. The response for the sessions was great, and people would send telegrams to the radio stations to make requests for Davidson to play.","Dixieland was made easily available to Mr. Davidson through clear channel radio WWL in New Orleans and the Gulf Wind train. The Gulf Wind train ran from Quincy to New Orleans twice a day. With horn in hand, Davidson would take the train to New Orleans to listen to the music and participate in any jam sessions that might ensue.","It was during his travels to New Orleans, that he began a close friendship with Edmund Souchon. Edmund Souchon was the surgeon general for the Pan American Life Insurance Company. Souchon was a supporter of jazz, and he founded the New Orleans Jazz Festival that still exists today.","Davidson volunteered during World War II, and he served in the Army Corp Band at Keisler Field, in Biloxi, Mississippi. Following the war, he returned to Quincy to manage the largest movie theater between Jacksonville and Pensacola, the Leaf Theater. Mr. Davidson held this position for approximately twenty years.","The Curtis Davidson Collection comprises a number of recordings in reel-to-reel, cassette, and compact disc format. These recordings document performances of the Curtis Davidson Orchestra and Curtis Davidson and his Southerners from 1930-1980. The recordings are primarily of the genre called Dixieland jazz which was prominent in New Orleans and the Big Bend area during this time. Davidson spent his nights playing throughout the southeast. He was interested in recording and many of these gigs were recorded on his own Wollensak tape recorder. These reel-to-reel recordings hold a prominent position in the collection. Some recordings feature former FSU professor of piano Dr. Robert Glotzbach and meteorologist Bill Ragsdale, who was known as \"Willie the Weatherman.\"","https://music.fsu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/AccessCopy_Davidson_Table.pdf","Allen Music Library Special Collections","Davidson, Curtis","English"],"unitid_tesim":["FSUML-2020-014","/repositories/12/resources/1702"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1938-1989"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Curtis Davidson Collection, 1938-1989"],"collection_title_tesim":["Curtis Davidson Collection, 1938-1989"],"collection_ssim":["Curtis Davidson Collection, 1938-1989"],"repository_ssm":["Allen Music Library Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["Allen Music Library Special Collections"],"creator_ssm":["Davidson, Curtis"],"creator_ssim":["Davidson, Curtis"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Davidson, Curtis"],"creators_ssim":["Davidson, Curtis"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["108 items"],"extent_tesim":["108 items"],"physfacet_tesim":["Collection contains 43 audio reels, 58 records, 2 CDs, and 5 cassettes."],"date_range_isim":[1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to all researchers. Users may access this collection by making an appointment with the Music Special Collections staff at AMLSpec@fsu.edu.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to all researchers. Users may access this collection by making an appointment with the Music Special Collections staff at AMLSpec@fsu.edu."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCurtis Davidson (1913-2001) was a trumpeter from Quincy, Florida who was dedicated to sharing his passion for Dixieland Jazz music throughout the Southeast. His lifelong love affair with the trumpet started when he was 16 years old. It was during this time that he formed his own Dixieland Jazz group that he would continue to play in almost to the end of his life.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhile still in his teens, Davidson became friends with Dan Langford (brother of FSU Foundation Board member George Langford), who was a radio personality in Thomasville, Georgia. Davidson would play live shows in Thomasville for the radio. The response for the sessions was great, and people would send telegrams to the radio stations to make requests for Davidson to play.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDixieland was made easily available to Mr. Davidson through clear channel radio WWL in New Orleans and the Gulf Wind train. The Gulf Wind train ran from Quincy to New Orleans twice a day. With horn in hand, Davidson would take the train to New Orleans to listen to the music and participate in any jam sessions that might ensue.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIt was during his travels to New Orleans, that he began a close friendship with Edmund Souchon. Edmund Souchon was the surgeon general for the Pan American Life Insurance Company. Souchon was a supporter of jazz, and he founded the New Orleans Jazz Festival that still exists today.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDavidson volunteered during World War II, and he served in the Army Corp Band at Keisler Field, in Biloxi, Mississippi. Following the war, he returned to Quincy to manage the largest movie theater between Jacksonville and Pensacola, the Leaf Theater. Mr. Davidson held this position for approximately twenty years.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Curtis Davidson (1913-2001) was a trumpeter from Quincy, Florida who was dedicated to sharing his passion for Dixieland Jazz music throughout the Southeast. His lifelong love affair with the trumpet started when he was 16 years old. It was during this time that he formed his own Dixieland Jazz group that he would continue to play in almost to the end of his life.","While still in his teens, Davidson became friends with Dan Langford (brother of FSU Foundation Board member George Langford), who was a radio personality in Thomasville, Georgia. Davidson would play live shows in Thomasville for the radio. The response for the sessions was great, and people would send telegrams to the radio stations to make requests for Davidson to play.","Dixieland was made easily available to Mr. Davidson through clear channel radio WWL in New Orleans and the Gulf Wind train. The Gulf Wind train ran from Quincy to New Orleans twice a day. With horn in hand, Davidson would take the train to New Orleans to listen to the music and participate in any jam sessions that might ensue.","It was during his travels to New Orleans, that he began a close friendship with Edmund Souchon. Edmund Souchon was the surgeon general for the Pan American Life Insurance Company. Souchon was a supporter of jazz, and he founded the New Orleans Jazz Festival that still exists today.","Davidson volunteered during World War II, and he served in the Army Corp Band at Keisler Field, in Biloxi, Mississippi. Following the war, he returned to Quincy to manage the largest movie theater between Jacksonville and Pensacola, the Leaf Theater. Mr. Davidson held this position for approximately twenty years."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Title of Item], [Date of Item], Curtis Davidson Collection, Warren D. Allen Music Library, Tallahassee, Florida. http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/FSUML-2020-014.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Title of Item], [Date of Item], Curtis Davidson Collection, Warren D. Allen Music Library, Tallahassee, Florida. http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/FSUML-2020-014."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Curtis Davidson Collection comprises a number of recordings in reel-to-reel, cassette, and compact disc format. These recordings document performances of the Curtis Davidson Orchestra and Curtis Davidson and his Southerners from 1930-1980. The recordings are primarily of the genre called Dixieland jazz which was prominent in New Orleans and the Big Bend area during this time. Davidson spent his nights playing throughout the southeast. He was interested in recording and many of these gigs were recorded on his own Wollensak tape recorder. These reel-to-reel recordings hold a prominent position in the collection. Some recordings feature former FSU professor of piano Dr. Robert Glotzbach and meteorologist Bill Ragsdale, who was known as \"Willie the Weatherman.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref href=\"https://music.fsu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/AccessCopy_Davidson_Table.pdf\"\u003ehttps://music.fsu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/AccessCopy_Davidson_Table.pdf\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","List of items in the Curtis Davidson Collection"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Curtis Davidson Collection comprises a number of recordings in reel-to-reel, cassette, and compact disc format. These recordings document performances of the Curtis Davidson Orchestra and Curtis Davidson and his Southerners from 1930-1980. The recordings are primarily of the genre called Dixieland jazz which was prominent in New Orleans and the Big Bend area during this time. Davidson spent his nights playing throughout the southeast. He was interested in recording and many of these gigs were recorded on his own Wollensak tape recorder. These reel-to-reel recordings hold a prominent position in the collection. Some recordings feature former FSU professor of piano Dr. Robert Glotzbach and meteorologist Bill Ragsdale, who was known as \"Willie the Weatherman.\"","https://music.fsu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/AccessCopy_Davidson_Table.pdf"],"names_ssim":["Allen Music Library Special Collections","Davidson, Curtis"],"corpname_ssim":["Allen Music Library Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Davidson, Curtis"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870852916184612864,"_root_":"c23f28321e30625cfbbcec14","timestamp":"2026-07-16T06:46:15.938Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"c23f28321e30625cfbbcec14","title_ssm":["Curtis Davidson Collection"],"title_tesim":["Curtis Davidson Collection"],"ead_ssi":"c23f28321e30625cfbbcec14","unitdate_ssm":["1938-1989"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1938-1989"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["FSUML-2020-014","/repositories/12/resources/1702"],"text":["FSUML-2020-014","/repositories/12/resources/1702","Curtis Davidson Collection, 1938-1989","This collection is open to all researchers. Users may access this collection by making an appointment with the Music Special Collections staff at AMLSpec@fsu.edu.","Curtis Davidson (1913-2001) was a trumpeter from Quincy, Florida who was dedicated to sharing his passion for Dixieland Jazz music throughout the Southeast. His lifelong love affair with the trumpet started when he was 16 years old. It was during this time that he formed his own Dixieland Jazz group that he would continue to play in almost to the end of his life.","While still in his teens, Davidson became friends with Dan Langford (brother of FSU Foundation Board member George Langford), who was a radio personality in Thomasville, Georgia. Davidson would play live shows in Thomasville for the radio. The response for the sessions was great, and people would send telegrams to the radio stations to make requests for Davidson to play.","Dixieland was made easily available to Mr. Davidson through clear channel radio WWL in New Orleans and the Gulf Wind train. The Gulf Wind train ran from Quincy to New Orleans twice a day. With horn in hand, Davidson would take the train to New Orleans to listen to the music and participate in any jam sessions that might ensue.","It was during his travels to New Orleans, that he began a close friendship with Edmund Souchon. Edmund Souchon was the surgeon general for the Pan American Life Insurance Company. Souchon was a supporter of jazz, and he founded the New Orleans Jazz Festival that still exists today.","Davidson volunteered during World War II, and he served in the Army Corp Band at Keisler Field, in Biloxi, Mississippi. Following the war, he returned to Quincy to manage the largest movie theater between Jacksonville and Pensacola, the Leaf Theater. Mr. Davidson held this position for approximately twenty years.","The Curtis Davidson Collection comprises a number of recordings in reel-to-reel, cassette, and compact disc format. These recordings document performances of the Curtis Davidson Orchestra and Curtis Davidson and his Southerners from 1930-1980. The recordings are primarily of the genre called Dixieland jazz which was prominent in New Orleans and the Big Bend area during this time. Davidson spent his nights playing throughout the southeast. He was interested in recording and many of these gigs were recorded on his own Wollensak tape recorder. These reel-to-reel recordings hold a prominent position in the collection. Some recordings feature former FSU professor of piano Dr. Robert Glotzbach and meteorologist Bill Ragsdale, who was known as \"Willie the Weatherman.\"","https://music.fsu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/AccessCopy_Davidson_Table.pdf","Allen Music Library Special Collections","Davidson, Curtis","English"],"unitid_tesim":["FSUML-2020-014","/repositories/12/resources/1702"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1938-1989"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Curtis Davidson Collection, 1938-1989"],"collection_title_tesim":["Curtis Davidson Collection, 1938-1989"],"collection_ssim":["Curtis Davidson Collection, 1938-1989"],"repository_ssm":["Allen Music Library Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["Allen Music Library Special Collections"],"creator_ssm":["Davidson, Curtis"],"creator_ssim":["Davidson, Curtis"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Davidson, Curtis"],"creators_ssim":["Davidson, Curtis"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["108 items"],"extent_tesim":["108 items"],"physfacet_tesim":["Collection contains 43 audio reels, 58 records, 2 CDs, and 5 cassettes."],"date_range_isim":[1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to all researchers. Users may access this collection by making an appointment with the Music Special Collections staff at AMLSpec@fsu.edu.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to all researchers. Users may access this collection by making an appointment with the Music Special Collections staff at AMLSpec@fsu.edu."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCurtis Davidson (1913-2001) was a trumpeter from Quincy, Florida who was dedicated to sharing his passion for Dixieland Jazz music throughout the Southeast. His lifelong love affair with the trumpet started when he was 16 years old. It was during this time that he formed his own Dixieland Jazz group that he would continue to play in almost to the end of his life.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhile still in his teens, Davidson became friends with Dan Langford (brother of FSU Foundation Board member George Langford), who was a radio personality in Thomasville, Georgia. Davidson would play live shows in Thomasville for the radio. The response for the sessions was great, and people would send telegrams to the radio stations to make requests for Davidson to play.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDixieland was made easily available to Mr. Davidson through clear channel radio WWL in New Orleans and the Gulf Wind train. The Gulf Wind train ran from Quincy to New Orleans twice a day. With horn in hand, Davidson would take the train to New Orleans to listen to the music and participate in any jam sessions that might ensue.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIt was during his travels to New Orleans, that he began a close friendship with Edmund Souchon. Edmund Souchon was the surgeon general for the Pan American Life Insurance Company. Souchon was a supporter of jazz, and he founded the New Orleans Jazz Festival that still exists today.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDavidson volunteered during World War II, and he served in the Army Corp Band at Keisler Field, in Biloxi, Mississippi. Following the war, he returned to Quincy to manage the largest movie theater between Jacksonville and Pensacola, the Leaf Theater. Mr. Davidson held this position for approximately twenty years.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Curtis Davidson (1913-2001) was a trumpeter from Quincy, Florida who was dedicated to sharing his passion for Dixieland Jazz music throughout the Southeast. His lifelong love affair with the trumpet started when he was 16 years old. It was during this time that he formed his own Dixieland Jazz group that he would continue to play in almost to the end of his life.","While still in his teens, Davidson became friends with Dan Langford (brother of FSU Foundation Board member George Langford), who was a radio personality in Thomasville, Georgia. Davidson would play live shows in Thomasville for the radio. The response for the sessions was great, and people would send telegrams to the radio stations to make requests for Davidson to play.","Dixieland was made easily available to Mr. Davidson through clear channel radio WWL in New Orleans and the Gulf Wind train. The Gulf Wind train ran from Quincy to New Orleans twice a day. With horn in hand, Davidson would take the train to New Orleans to listen to the music and participate in any jam sessions that might ensue.","It was during his travels to New Orleans, that he began a close friendship with Edmund Souchon. Edmund Souchon was the surgeon general for the Pan American Life Insurance Company. Souchon was a supporter of jazz, and he founded the New Orleans Jazz Festival that still exists today.","Davidson volunteered during World War II, and he served in the Army Corp Band at Keisler Field, in Biloxi, Mississippi. Following the war, he returned to Quincy to manage the largest movie theater between Jacksonville and Pensacola, the Leaf Theater. Mr. Davidson held this position for approximately twenty years."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Title of Item], [Date of Item], Curtis Davidson Collection, Warren D. Allen Music Library, Tallahassee, Florida. http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/FSUML-2020-014.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Title of Item], [Date of Item], Curtis Davidson Collection, Warren D. Allen Music Library, Tallahassee, Florida. http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/FSUML-2020-014."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Curtis Davidson Collection comprises a number of recordings in reel-to-reel, cassette, and compact disc format. These recordings document performances of the Curtis Davidson Orchestra and Curtis Davidson and his Southerners from 1930-1980. The recordings are primarily of the genre called Dixieland jazz which was prominent in New Orleans and the Big Bend area during this time. Davidson spent his nights playing throughout the southeast. He was interested in recording and many of these gigs were recorded on his own Wollensak tape recorder. These reel-to-reel recordings hold a prominent position in the collection. Some recordings feature former FSU professor of piano Dr. Robert Glotzbach and meteorologist Bill Ragsdale, who was known as \"Willie the Weatherman.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref href=\"https://music.fsu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/AccessCopy_Davidson_Table.pdf\"\u003ehttps://music.fsu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/AccessCopy_Davidson_Table.pdf\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","List of items in the Curtis Davidson Collection"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Curtis Davidson Collection comprises a number of recordings in reel-to-reel, cassette, and compact disc format. These recordings document performances of the Curtis Davidson Orchestra and Curtis Davidson and his Southerners from 1930-1980. The recordings are primarily of the genre called Dixieland jazz which was prominent in New Orleans and the Big Bend area during this time. Davidson spent his nights playing throughout the southeast. He was interested in recording and many of these gigs were recorded on his own Wollensak tape recorder. These reel-to-reel recordings hold a prominent position in the collection. Some recordings feature former FSU professor of piano Dr. Robert Glotzbach and meteorologist Bill Ragsdale, who was known as \"Willie the Weatherman.\"","https://music.fsu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/AccessCopy_Davidson_Table.pdf"],"names_ssim":["Allen Music Library Special Collections","Davidson, Curtis"],"corpname_ssim":["Allen Music Library Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Davidson, Curtis"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870852916184612864,"_root_":"c23f28321e30625cfbbcec14","timestamp":"2026-07-16T06:46:15.938Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/c23f28321e30625cfbbcec14"}},{"id":"f98896827f16d52b3168e472_aspace_43676ef089b2878cd34a84f0d36278ac","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Custodian Receipts, 1930–1952","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/f98896827f16d52b3168e472_aspace_43676ef089b2878cd34a84f0d36278ac#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_43676ef089b2878cd34a84f0d36278ac","ref_ssm":["aspace_43676ef089b2878cd34a84f0d36278ac","aspace_43676ef089b2878cd34a84f0d36278ac"],"id":"f98896827f16d52b3168e472_aspace_43676ef089b2878cd34a84f0d36278ac","title_filing_ssi":"Custodian Receipts","title_ssm":["Custodian Receipts"],"title_tesim":["Custodian Receipts"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1930–1952"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1930–1952"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Custodian Receipts, 1930–1952"],"text":["Custodian Receipts, 1930–1952","Children's Home Society of Florida collection, 1862-2019, bulk 1902-1997","State Organizational Files, 1886-2000","Finance, 1886–1983","Title Deeds, 1886–1983","Office Files, 1912–1950","/repositories/4/archival_objects/69767","box 46","folder 5"],"component_level_isim":[5],"parent_ids_ssim":["f98896827f16d52b3168e472","f98896827f16d52b3168e472_aspace_fe3154f62b64b6ce0e601b03fcc072df","f98896827f16d52b3168e472_aspace_cd77814ee9471305c49d9b10ba8d5d5e","f98896827f16d52b3168e472_aspace_ee9d5688a3a0e4f632c436314204b67b","f98896827f16d52b3168e472_aspace_18fda7847c84de6d7132122b4eb128e6"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Children's Home Society of Florida collection, 1862-2019, bulk 1902-1997","State Organizational Files, 1886-2000","Finance, 1886–1983","Title Deeds, 1886–1983","Office Files, 1912–1950"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Children's Home Society of Florida collection, 1862-2019, bulk 1902-1997","State Organizational Files, 1886-2000","Finance, 1886–1983","Title Deeds, 1886–1983","Office Files, 1912–1950"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Subseries","Subseries","Subseries"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/4/archival_objects/69767"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Children's Home Society of Florida collection, 1862-2019, bulk 1902-1997"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":391,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The entire collection is open for research.","Photographs and Audio Visual, 1902-1997 (Series IV) and Additional Materials, 1862-2019 (Series VI) contain fragile AV material. No access copies are currently available. For further information, please contact Special Collections \u0026 University Archives."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"date_range_isim":[1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952],"containers_ssim":["box 46","folder 5"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#24/components#11/components#0/components#1","_nest_parent_":"f98896827f16d52b3168e472_aspace_18fda7847c84de6d7132122b4eb128e6","_root_":"f98896827f16d52b3168e472","_version_":1870857973089173504,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:06:38.475Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"f98896827f16d52b3168e472","title_ssm":["Children's Home Society of Florida collection"],"title_tesim":["Children's Home Society of Florida collection"],"ead_ssi":"f98896827f16d52b3168e472","unitdate_ssm":["1862-2019","1902-1997"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1902-1997"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1862-2019"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 054","/repositories/4/resources/294"],"text":["SC 054","/repositories/4/resources/294","Children's Home Society of Florida collection, 1862-2019, bulk 1902-1997","Abandoned Children","Adoption -- Florida","Adoption -- United States -- History","Child welfare -- Florida","Foster children -- United States -- History","Nonprofit organizations -- Finance","Nonprofit organizations -- Management","Nonprofit organizations -- Planning","Poverty","Orphanages -- Florida","The entire collection is open for research.","Photographs and Audio Visual, 1902-1997 (Series IV) and Additional Materials, 1862-2019 (Series VI) contain fragile AV material. No access copies are currently available. For further information, please contact Special Collections \u0026 University Archives.","The Children's Home Society of Florida Collection is arranged into 5 series by types of content as well as by types of materials. The first three series feature personal and office files which show the birth and growth of the organization, sorted at the state and local division levels. The last two series holds audio visual and photographic ephemera as well as scrapbooks created by workers at the society.","To be an orphan in Florida at the turn of the twentieth century was a dangerous prospect. Children were being orphaned due to farm and industrial accidents and numerous poor families had to give up children they could no longer afford. Many children were abused and there were few laws that protected children's rights. Homeless children had little place to go where they could be safe, properly cared for, and loved.","\nIn response to this increasing crisis, the National Children's Home Society was formed in Illinois in 1883 to help place children who had been orphaned in farming and industrial accidents, spreading to several other states over the next decade. The Revered D. W. Comstock came to Jacksonville, Florida in 1902 as a representative of the National Children's Home Society to help organize the state's first child welfare society. On November 17, 1902, with the help of Rev. D. W. Comstock and Jacksonville's city and religious leaders, The Children's Home Society of Florida (CHSFL) was established. The welfare of the child was the society's primary focus, making sure that if the family could not be preserved that the child was placed in a happy and healthy home.","\nThe CHSFL was developed as a non-profit organization, relying solely on donations from the community. Fund-raising efforts began as administrative duties were carried out in private homes around the city. The children were also were being cared for in private residences as there was not yet a home secured for the society to board its charges. The CHSFL committed itself to not only children but to babies who were not accepted until the age of three at state orphanages (Mahoney, 5). Money was tight for the society and within the first few years, the CHSFL found itself in deep debt. By September of 1910, the CHSFL was facing the possibility of ending operations when a new state superintendent for the society entered its doors. Marcus C. Fagg was just 24 when he took control of the CHSFL but within a few short months, he had already obtained funding to start his first appeals drive. Many in the society to this day believe that it was Marcus C. Fagg who saved the CHSFL from closing its doors and built it to the standards that society members and workers adhere to today. Fagg's compassion towards children also did not go unnoticed; from his early years with the CHSFL, many children he helped referred to him as \"Daddy\" Fagg as a token of their appreciation for finding them loving homes.","\nMarcus Fagg brought innovative solutions to a dire financial situation. Using land donated or sold at cost to the society, Fagg either rented or sold land at higher costs to turn a profit. Fagg also helped poor families by renting them homes at drastically reduced rental costs with an option to later buy the homes. Marcus Fagg helped dozens of poor families regain their footing while also helping the CHSFL emerge from a deep hole of financial debt.","\nThough Marcus Fagg began to save the society financially, the society still fell on hard times. The country became entangled in the agony of the Great Depression in the 1930s and the CHSFL suffered with the rest of the nation. The Miami receiving home was lost due to a lack of finances but was thankfully picked up and operated by the Junior League until 1936 when CHSFL was able to once again run the home. Marcus Fagg also made history in 1932 by becoming the first chairman of the new Florida State Welfare Board. Through the 1940s and 1950s, CHSFL was instrumental in securing rights and welfare laws for children nationwide. CHSFL was one of the founding members of the Child Welfare League of America and was one of the only societies in the country to handle state adoptions without the aid of a state agency. The society also saw rapid growth, thanks in part to the massive fund-raising performed by Marcus Fagg; several new division offices opened throughout the state, many of whom offered special services for children. CHSFL also began offering services to unwed mothers, further committing themselves to the family rather than just simply finding homes for children.","\nOne of the saddest moments for the CHSFL was the loss of their mentor and leader, Marcus C. \"Daddy\" Fagg in 1958. After Fagg's passing, newspapers throughout Florida ran headlines announcing the loss of a great state hero. Buried in a simple grave in Jacksonville, Florida, Fagg's life and legacy still serves as a reminder to the CHSFL of their continued effort to help abused and orphaned children in the state of Florida.","\nSegregation and integration played an important role for CHSFL in the 1960s as the society began caring for and adopting out African-American children from their receiving homes. Historically, the society took in mostly white children. As the Civil Rights movement grew in the 1960's, the society re-examined the scope of its adoption policies and began taking in and offering adoption services for the African-American community. This was a significant development both for the society and for the Civil Rights movement; African-American children were being given the same adoption services as white children at a time when the issue of race was dominant in society and politics. As the country rapidly changed, so did the society, offering for the first time services in schools for handicapped, delinquent, and abused children as well children living in racially mixed households. These services would grow and define the society through to the end of the 1990s.","\nJust three years into the new millennium and the society's second century of service, the CHSFL moved its headquarters from its birthplace in Jacksonville to more centrally located offices in Winter Park, Florida. Now over one hundred years old, the CHSFL offers fourteen divisions that serve the entire state of Florida.","Collection processed by Ari Karlene Anderson; finding aid prepared by April Karlene Anderson and Katie Seeler. All paper materials have been placed in acid free folders and stored in archival containers. Some larger paper materials, such as maps and large photographs were also placed in acid free folders but are stored in archival flat files. Paper clips have been removed and replaced with plastic clips. In some cases, rusty staples have also been removed. Post-it notes have been moved to the edges of papers and copies have been made of more fragile materials such as news clippings. Photo blocks have been placed in archival trays, stored in separate bins to prevent them from scraping against one another. Any audio or visual media in cases were kept in their containers but placed collectively in archival boxes. Loose pages and items in the scrapbooks have been secured either with plastic clips or placed in archival folders and the entire book has been wrapped in acid free archival paper. Additional materials processed and integrated into the main collection by Suphi Burak Ogreten. Collection rehoused and container list revised by Asmara Cortes-Caba in 2023.","Blount Family papers , University of West Florida University Archives and West Florida History Center, Pensacola, Florida. ","Adoption Records: This collection does not contain any records on adopted individuals or families from the Children's Home Society of Florida. However, the society does have the CHS Adoptions Archive Unit which is dedicated to the preservation and research of these records. They can be found at  http://www.chsfl.org .","Books:","Georgia Gertrude Ralph,  Elements of Record Keeping for Child-Helping Organizations , (New York: The De Vinne Press, 1915.)","Lawrence Mahoney,  Children and hope : a history of the Children's Home Society of Florida , (Miami: Pickering Press, 1987).","Other Locations:","Pensacola Historical Society's Historical Resource Center, 110 East Church Street, Pensacola, Florida 32502. Phone: (850) 434-5455 Website:  http://www.pensacolahistory.org  (Western Division).","Florida Department of State, State Archives of Florida, R. A. Gray Building 500 South Bronough Street Tallahassee, FL 32399-0250. Website:  https://dos.myflorida.com/library-archives/archives .","The Children's Home Society of Florida Collection contains personal and organizational papers, photographs, audio and visual materials, as well as ledgers and scrapbooks. The collection is arranged by both content and materials types and have been organized into the following series:","\nSeries I: Biographical Files, 1900-1991, contains the files of individuals who were instrumental in the creation and/or the operations of the Children's Home Society of Florida. Correspondence makes up the majority of this series as it show the creation of the society (Comstock, Harkins, Seaton), its resurrection (Fagg), and its continued operations.","\nSeries II: State Organizational Files, 1886-2000, includes files that were used in the operations of the society as a whole. Financial documents, correspondence, reports, as well as the meeting minutes of the various committees that ran the society can be found in this series.","\nSeries III: Division Files, 1921-circa 1995, consists of files for local divisions located throughout the state. Some divisions are no longer in operation, having been closed completely or absorbed into another division. These older divisions can be found here in their original name. Meeting minutes for each division are also located here.","\nSeries IV: Photographs and Audio Visual, 1902-1997, holds both audio and visual media used by the Children's Home Society of Florida in promoting their society as well as raising funds.","\nSeries V: Ledger and Scrapbooks, 1902-1978, includes miscellaneous ledger and scrapbooks created by the Children's Home Society of Florida. The ledger books vary in format but are generally are either inventory or accounting in nature. The scrapbooks are made up of five volumes, all created by workers at the Children's Home Society of Florida. News clippings make up the majority of the scrapbooks contents but some do contain publications made by the Children's Home Society of Florida. There are also four Rose Keller Home scrapbooks made by workers at the Rose Keller Division in Lakeland, Florida. The Rose Keller Home scrapbooks give a brief history of the division as well as chronicle events at the home.","\nSeries VI: Additional Materials, 1862-2012, holds additional materials received from the Children's Home Society of Florida including organizational files, ephemera, photographs and audio/visual materials.","Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","The Children's Home Society of Florida Collection contains organizational papers and ephemera that document the creation and operations of Florida's oldest non-profit adoption agency. The collection includes organizational papers from its state and local divisions, photographs, news clippings, audio and visual media, scrapbooks, and blueprints of the many receiving homes in the state, but does not contain adoption records. Adoption records remain at the CHSFL Adoption Archive and are available by contacting the society directly.","UCF Special Collections","Children's Home Society of Florida","Florida. Department of Children and Families","Child Welfare League of America","Florida. State Board of Public Welfare","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 054","/repositories/4/resources/294"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1862-2019, bulk 1902-1997"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Children's Home Society of Florida collection, 1862-2019, bulk 1902-1997"],"collection_title_tesim":["Children's Home Society of Florida collection, 1862-2019, bulk 1902-1997"],"collection_ssim":["Children's Home Society of Florida collection, 1862-2019, bulk 1902-1997"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"creator_ssm":["Children's Home Society of Florida"],"creator_ssim":["Children's Home Society of Florida"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Children's Home Society of Florida"],"creators_ssim":["Children's Home Society of Florida"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Children's Home Society of Florida donated these materials to the University of Central Florida Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives Department in 2004 (CFM2004_04). Additional matterials were added in 2015 (CFM2015_06), 2016 (CFM2016_03), 2017 (CFM2017_05), 2020 (CFM2020_11), and 2021 (CFM2021_06)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Abandoned Children","Adoption -- Florida","Adoption -- United States -- History","Child welfare -- Florida","Foster children -- United States -- History","Nonprofit organizations -- Finance","Nonprofit organizations -- Management","Nonprofit organizations -- Planning","Poverty","Orphanages -- Florida"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Abandoned Children","Adoption -- Florida","Adoption -- United States -- History","Child welfare -- Florida","Foster children -- United States -- History","Nonprofit organizations -- Finance","Nonprofit organizations -- Management","Nonprofit organizations -- Planning","Poverty","Orphanages -- Florida"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["102.75 Linear Feet 117 boxes, 5 scrapbooks, 13 flat files"],"extent_tesim":["102.75 Linear Feet 117 boxes, 5 scrapbooks, 13 flat files"],"date_range_isim":[1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs and Audio Visual, 1902-1997 (Series IV) and Additional Materials, 1862-2019 (Series VI) contain fragile AV material. No access copies are currently available. For further information, please contact Special Collections \u0026amp; University Archives.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research.","Photographs and Audio Visual, 1902-1997 (Series IV) and Additional Materials, 1862-2019 (Series VI) contain fragile AV material. No access copies are currently available. For further information, please contact Special Collections \u0026 University Archives."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Children's Home Society of Florida Collection is arranged into 5 series by types of content as well as by types of materials. The first three series feature personal and office files which show the birth and growth of the organization, sorted at the state and local division levels. The last two series holds audio visual and photographic ephemera as well as scrapbooks created by workers at the society.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Children's Home Society of Florida Collection is arranged into 5 series by types of content as well as by types of materials. The first three series feature personal and office files which show the birth and growth of the organization, sorted at the state and local division levels. The last two series holds audio visual and photographic ephemera as well as scrapbooks created by workers at the society."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTo be an orphan in Florida at the turn of the twentieth century was a dangerous prospect. Children were being orphaned due to farm and industrial accidents and numerous poor families had to give up children they could no longer afford. Many children were abused and there were few laws that protected children's rights. Homeless children had little place to go where they could be safe, properly cared for, and loved.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nIn response to this increasing crisis, the National Children's Home Society was formed in Illinois in 1883 to help place children who had been orphaned in farming and industrial accidents, spreading to several other states over the next decade. The Revered D. W. Comstock came to Jacksonville, Florida in 1902 as a representative of the National Children's Home Society to help organize the state's first child welfare society. On November 17, 1902, with the help of Rev. D. W. Comstock and Jacksonville's city and religious leaders, The Children's Home Society of Florida (CHSFL) was established. The welfare of the child was the society's primary focus, making sure that if the family could not be preserved that the child was placed in a happy and healthy home.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThe CHSFL was developed as a non-profit organization, relying solely on donations from the community. Fund-raising efforts began as administrative duties were carried out in private homes around the city. The children were also were being cared for in private residences as there was not yet a home secured for the society to board its charges. The CHSFL committed itself to not only children but to babies who were not accepted until the age of three at state orphanages (Mahoney, 5). Money was tight for the society and within the first few years, the CHSFL found itself in deep debt. By September of 1910, the CHSFL was facing the possibility of ending operations when a new state superintendent for the society entered its doors. Marcus C. Fagg was just 24 when he took control of the CHSFL but within a few short months, he had already obtained funding to start his first appeals drive. Many in the society to this day believe that it was Marcus C. Fagg who saved the CHSFL from closing its doors and built it to the standards that society members and workers adhere to today. Fagg's compassion towards children also did not go unnoticed; from his early years with the CHSFL, many children he helped referred to him as \"Daddy\" Fagg as a token of their appreciation for finding them loving homes.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nMarcus Fagg brought innovative solutions to a dire financial situation. Using land donated or sold at cost to the society, Fagg either rented or sold land at higher costs to turn a profit. Fagg also helped poor families by renting them homes at drastically reduced rental costs with an option to later buy the homes. Marcus Fagg helped dozens of poor families regain their footing while also helping the CHSFL emerge from a deep hole of financial debt.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThough Marcus Fagg began to save the society financially, the society still fell on hard times. The country became entangled in the agony of the Great Depression in the 1930s and the CHSFL suffered with the rest of the nation. The Miami receiving home was lost due to a lack of finances but was thankfully picked up and operated by the Junior League until 1936 when CHSFL was able to once again run the home. Marcus Fagg also made history in 1932 by becoming the first chairman of the new Florida State Welfare Board. Through the 1940s and 1950s, CHSFL was instrumental in securing rights and welfare laws for children nationwide. CHSFL was one of the founding members of the Child Welfare League of America and was one of the only societies in the country to handle state adoptions without the aid of a state agency. The society also saw rapid growth, thanks in part to the massive fund-raising performed by Marcus Fagg; several new division offices opened throughout the state, many of whom offered special services for children. CHSFL also began offering services to unwed mothers, further committing themselves to the family rather than just simply finding homes for children.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nOne of the saddest moments for the CHSFL was the loss of their mentor and leader, Marcus C. \"Daddy\" Fagg in 1958. After Fagg's passing, newspapers throughout Florida ran headlines announcing the loss of a great state hero. Buried in a simple grave in Jacksonville, Florida, Fagg's life and legacy still serves as a reminder to the CHSFL of their continued effort to help abused and orphaned children in the state of Florida.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSegregation and integration played an important role for CHSFL in the 1960s as the society began caring for and adopting out African-American children from their receiving homes. Historically, the society took in mostly white children. As the Civil Rights movement grew in the 1960's, the society re-examined the scope of its adoption policies and began taking in and offering adoption services for the African-American community. This was a significant development both for the society and for the Civil Rights movement; African-American children were being given the same adoption services as white children at a time when the issue of race was dominant in society and politics. As the country rapidly changed, so did the society, offering for the first time services in schools for handicapped, delinquent, and abused children as well children living in racially mixed households. These services would grow and define the society through to the end of the 1990s.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nJust three years into the new millennium and the society's second century of service, the CHSFL moved its headquarters from its birthplace in Jacksonville to more centrally located offices in Winter Park, Florida. Now over one hundred years old, the CHSFL offers fourteen divisions that serve the entire state of Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["To be an orphan in Florida at the turn of the twentieth century was a dangerous prospect. Children were being orphaned due to farm and industrial accidents and numerous poor families had to give up children they could no longer afford. Many children were abused and there were few laws that protected children's rights. Homeless children had little place to go where they could be safe, properly cared for, and loved.","\nIn response to this increasing crisis, the National Children's Home Society was formed in Illinois in 1883 to help place children who had been orphaned in farming and industrial accidents, spreading to several other states over the next decade. The Revered D. W. Comstock came to Jacksonville, Florida in 1902 as a representative of the National Children's Home Society to help organize the state's first child welfare society. On November 17, 1902, with the help of Rev. D. W. Comstock and Jacksonville's city and religious leaders, The Children's Home Society of Florida (CHSFL) was established. The welfare of the child was the society's primary focus, making sure that if the family could not be preserved that the child was placed in a happy and healthy home.","\nThe CHSFL was developed as a non-profit organization, relying solely on donations from the community. Fund-raising efforts began as administrative duties were carried out in private homes around the city. The children were also were being cared for in private residences as there was not yet a home secured for the society to board its charges. The CHSFL committed itself to not only children but to babies who were not accepted until the age of three at state orphanages (Mahoney, 5). Money was tight for the society and within the first few years, the CHSFL found itself in deep debt. By September of 1910, the CHSFL was facing the possibility of ending operations when a new state superintendent for the society entered its doors. Marcus C. Fagg was just 24 when he took control of the CHSFL but within a few short months, he had already obtained funding to start his first appeals drive. Many in the society to this day believe that it was Marcus C. Fagg who saved the CHSFL from closing its doors and built it to the standards that society members and workers adhere to today. Fagg's compassion towards children also did not go unnoticed; from his early years with the CHSFL, many children he helped referred to him as \"Daddy\" Fagg as a token of their appreciation for finding them loving homes.","\nMarcus Fagg brought innovative solutions to a dire financial situation. Using land donated or sold at cost to the society, Fagg either rented or sold land at higher costs to turn a profit. Fagg also helped poor families by renting them homes at drastically reduced rental costs with an option to later buy the homes. Marcus Fagg helped dozens of poor families regain their footing while also helping the CHSFL emerge from a deep hole of financial debt.","\nThough Marcus Fagg began to save the society financially, the society still fell on hard times. The country became entangled in the agony of the Great Depression in the 1930s and the CHSFL suffered with the rest of the nation. The Miami receiving home was lost due to a lack of finances but was thankfully picked up and operated by the Junior League until 1936 when CHSFL was able to once again run the home. Marcus Fagg also made history in 1932 by becoming the first chairman of the new Florida State Welfare Board. Through the 1940s and 1950s, CHSFL was instrumental in securing rights and welfare laws for children nationwide. CHSFL was one of the founding members of the Child Welfare League of America and was one of the only societies in the country to handle state adoptions without the aid of a state agency. The society also saw rapid growth, thanks in part to the massive fund-raising performed by Marcus Fagg; several new division offices opened throughout the state, many of whom offered special services for children. CHSFL also began offering services to unwed mothers, further committing themselves to the family rather than just simply finding homes for children.","\nOne of the saddest moments for the CHSFL was the loss of their mentor and leader, Marcus C. \"Daddy\" Fagg in 1958. After Fagg's passing, newspapers throughout Florida ran headlines announcing the loss of a great state hero. Buried in a simple grave in Jacksonville, Florida, Fagg's life and legacy still serves as a reminder to the CHSFL of their continued effort to help abused and orphaned children in the state of Florida.","\nSegregation and integration played an important role for CHSFL in the 1960s as the society began caring for and adopting out African-American children from their receiving homes. Historically, the society took in mostly white children. As the Civil Rights movement grew in the 1960's, the society re-examined the scope of its adoption policies and began taking in and offering adoption services for the African-American community. This was a significant development both for the society and for the Civil Rights movement; African-American children were being given the same adoption services as white children at a time when the issue of race was dominant in society and politics. As the country rapidly changed, so did the society, offering for the first time services in schools for handicapped, delinquent, and abused children as well children living in racially mixed households. These services would grow and define the society through to the end of the 1990s.","\nJust three years into the new millennium and the society's second century of service, the CHSFL moved its headquarters from its birthplace in Jacksonville to more centrally located offices in Winter Park, Florida. Now over one hundred years old, the CHSFL offers fourteen divisions that serve the entire state of Florida."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Children's Home Society of Florida Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["The Children's Home Society of Florida Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection processed by Ari Karlene Anderson; finding aid prepared by April Karlene Anderson and Katie Seeler. All paper materials have been placed in acid free folders and stored in archival containers. Some larger paper materials, such as maps and large photographs were also placed in acid free folders but are stored in archival flat files. Paper clips have been removed and replaced with plastic clips. In some cases, rusty staples have also been removed. Post-it notes have been moved to the edges of papers and copies have been made of more fragile materials such as news clippings. Photo blocks have been placed in archival trays, stored in separate bins to prevent them from scraping against one another. Any audio or visual media in cases were kept in their containers but placed collectively in archival boxes. Loose pages and items in the scrapbooks have been secured either with plastic clips or placed in archival folders and the entire book has been wrapped in acid free archival paper. Additional materials processed and integrated into the main collection by Suphi Burak Ogreten. Collection rehoused and container list revised by Asmara Cortes-Caba in 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Collection processed by Ari Karlene Anderson; finding aid prepared by April Karlene Anderson and Katie Seeler. All paper materials have been placed in acid free folders and stored in archival containers. Some larger paper materials, such as maps and large photographs were also placed in acid free folders but are stored in archival flat files. Paper clips have been removed and replaced with plastic clips. In some cases, rusty staples have also been removed. Post-it notes have been moved to the edges of papers and copies have been made of more fragile materials such as news clippings. Photo blocks have been placed in archival trays, stored in separate bins to prevent them from scraping against one another. Any audio or visual media in cases were kept in their containers but placed collectively in archival boxes. Loose pages and items in the scrapbooks have been secured either with plastic clips or placed in archival folders and the entire book has been wrapped in acid free archival paper. Additional materials processed and integrated into the main collection by Suphi Burak Ogreten. Collection rehoused and container list revised by Asmara Cortes-Caba in 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref href=\"https://uwf.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/350\"\u003eBlount Family papers\u003c/extref\u003e, University of West Florida University Archives and West Florida History Center, Pensacola, Florida. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAdoption Records: This collection does not contain any records on adopted individuals or families from the Children's Home Society of Florida. However, the society does have the CHS Adoptions Archive Unit which is dedicated to the preservation and research of these records. They can be found at \u003cextref href=\"http://www.chsfl.org\"\u003ehttp://www.chsfl.org\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBooks:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorgia Gertrude Ralph, \u003cextref href=\"https://ucf-flvc.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01FALSC_UCF/6a1ouu/alma990260914050306596\"\u003eElements of Record Keeping for Child-Helping Organizations\u003c/extref\u003e, (New York: The De Vinne Press, 1915.)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLawrence Mahoney, \u003cextref href=\"https://ucf-flvc.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01FALSC_UCF/6a1ouu/alma990211238530306596\"\u003eChildren and hope : a history of the Children's Home Society of Florida\u003c/extref\u003e, (Miami: Pickering Press, 1987).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOther Locations:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePensacola Historical Society's Historical Resource Center, 110 East Church Street, Pensacola, Florida 32502. Phone: (850) 434-5455 Website: \u003cextref href=\"http://www.pensacolahistory.org\"\u003ehttp://www.pensacolahistory.org\u003c/extref\u003e (Western Division).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFlorida Department of State, State Archives of Florida, R. A. Gray Building 500 South Bronough Street Tallahassee, FL 32399-0250. Website: \u003cextref href=\"https://dos.myflorida.com/library-archives/archives\"\u003ehttps://dos.myflorida.com/library-archives/archives\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Blount Family papers , University of West Florida University Archives and West Florida History Center, Pensacola, Florida. ","Adoption Records: This collection does not contain any records on adopted individuals or families from the Children's Home Society of Florida. However, the society does have the CHS Adoptions Archive Unit which is dedicated to the preservation and research of these records. They can be found at  http://www.chsfl.org .","Books:","Georgia Gertrude Ralph,  Elements of Record Keeping for Child-Helping Organizations , (New York: The De Vinne Press, 1915.)","Lawrence Mahoney,  Children and hope : a history of the Children's Home Society of Florida , (Miami: Pickering Press, 1987).","Other Locations:","Pensacola Historical Society's Historical Resource Center, 110 East Church Street, Pensacola, Florida 32502. Phone: (850) 434-5455 Website:  http://www.pensacolahistory.org  (Western Division).","Florida Department of State, State Archives of Florida, R. A. Gray Building 500 South Bronough Street Tallahassee, FL 32399-0250. Website:  https://dos.myflorida.com/library-archives/archives ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Children's Home Society of Florida Collection contains personal and organizational papers, photographs, audio and visual materials, as well as ledgers and scrapbooks. The collection is arranged by both content and materials types and have been organized into the following series:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries I: Biographical Files, 1900-1991, contains the files of individuals who were instrumental in the creation and/or the operations of the Children's Home Society of Florida. Correspondence makes up the majority of this series as it show the creation of the society (Comstock, Harkins, Seaton), its resurrection (Fagg), and its continued operations.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries II: State Organizational Files, 1886-2000, includes files that were used in the operations of the society as a whole. Financial documents, correspondence, reports, as well as the meeting minutes of the various committees that ran the society can be found in this series.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries III: Division Files, 1921-circa 1995, consists of files for local divisions located throughout the state. Some divisions are no longer in operation, having been closed completely or absorbed into another division. These older divisions can be found here in their original name. Meeting minutes for each division are also located here.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries IV: Photographs and Audio Visual, 1902-1997, holds both audio and visual media used by the Children's Home Society of Florida in promoting their society as well as raising funds.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries V: Ledger and Scrapbooks, 1902-1978, includes miscellaneous ledger and scrapbooks created by the Children's Home Society of Florida. The ledger books vary in format but are generally are either inventory or accounting in nature. The scrapbooks are made up of five volumes, all created by workers at the Children's Home Society of Florida. News clippings make up the majority of the scrapbooks contents but some do contain publications made by the Children's Home Society of Florida. There are also four Rose Keller Home scrapbooks made by workers at the Rose Keller Division in Lakeland, Florida. The Rose Keller Home scrapbooks give a brief history of the division as well as chronicle events at the home.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VI: Additional Materials, 1862-2012, holds additional materials received from the Children's Home Society of Florida including organizational files, ephemera, photographs and audio/visual materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Children's Home Society of Florida Collection contains personal and organizational papers, photographs, audio and visual materials, as well as ledgers and scrapbooks. The collection is arranged by both content and materials types and have been organized into the following series:","\nSeries I: Biographical Files, 1900-1991, contains the files of individuals who were instrumental in the creation and/or the operations of the Children's Home Society of Florida. Correspondence makes up the majority of this series as it show the creation of the society (Comstock, Harkins, Seaton), its resurrection (Fagg), and its continued operations.","\nSeries II: State Organizational Files, 1886-2000, includes files that were used in the operations of the society as a whole. Financial documents, correspondence, reports, as well as the meeting minutes of the various committees that ran the society can be found in this series.","\nSeries III: Division Files, 1921-circa 1995, consists of files for local divisions located throughout the state. Some divisions are no longer in operation, having been closed completely or absorbed into another division. These older divisions can be found here in their original name. Meeting minutes for each division are also located here.","\nSeries IV: Photographs and Audio Visual, 1902-1997, holds both audio and visual media used by the Children's Home Society of Florida in promoting their society as well as raising funds.","\nSeries V: Ledger and Scrapbooks, 1902-1978, includes miscellaneous ledger and scrapbooks created by the Children's Home Society of Florida. The ledger books vary in format but are generally are either inventory or accounting in nature. The scrapbooks are made up of five volumes, all created by workers at the Children's Home Society of Florida. News clippings make up the majority of the scrapbooks contents but some do contain publications made by the Children's Home Society of Florida. There are also four Rose Keller Home scrapbooks made by workers at the Rose Keller Division in Lakeland, Florida. The Rose Keller Home scrapbooks give a brief history of the division as well as chronicle events at the home.","\nSeries VI: Additional Materials, 1862-2012, holds additional materials received from the Children's Home Society of Florida including organizational files, ephemera, photographs and audio/visual materials."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Copyright Statement"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_116bbdee47170dbab5d0053b5cc9d529\"\u003eThe Children's Home Society of Florida Collection contains organizational papers and ephemera that document the creation and operations of Florida's oldest non-profit adoption agency. The collection includes organizational papers from its state and local divisions, photographs, news clippings, audio and visual media, scrapbooks, and blueprints of the many receiving homes in the state, but does not contain adoption records. Adoption records remain at the CHSFL Adoption Archive and are available by contacting the society directly.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Children's Home Society of Florida Collection contains organizational papers and ephemera that document the creation and operations of Florida's oldest non-profit adoption agency. The collection includes organizational papers from its state and local divisions, photographs, news clippings, audio and visual media, scrapbooks, and blueprints of the many receiving homes in the state, but does not contain adoption records. Adoption records remain at the CHSFL Adoption Archive and are available by contacting the society directly."],"names_coll_ssim":["Florida. Department of Children and Families","Child Welfare League of America","Florida. State Board of Public Welfare"],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Children's Home Society of Florida","Florida. Department of Children and Families","Child Welfare League of America","Florida. State Board of Public Welfare"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Children's Home Society of Florida","Florida. Department of Children and Families","Child Welfare League of America","Florida. State Board of Public Welfare"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1225,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870857973089173504,"_root_":"f98896827f16d52b3168e472","timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:06:38.475Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/f98896827f16d52b3168e472_aspace_43676ef089b2878cd34a84f0d36278ac"}},{"id":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_54577","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Cycadaceae, 1926-1965","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_54577#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_54577","ref_ssm":["aspace_54577","aspace_54577"],"id":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_54577","title_filing_ssi":"Cycadaceae","title_ssm":["Cycadaceae"],"title_tesim":["Cycadaceae"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1926-1965"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1926-1965"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Cycadaceae, 1926-1965"],"text":["Cycadaceae, 1926-1965","Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014","Plants By Family Files, 1908-1990.","Folder 10","/repositories/4/archival_objects/32995","box 147","folder 10"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_54557"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014","Plants By Family Files, 1908-1990."],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014","Plants By Family Files, 1908-1990."],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["Folder 10","/repositories/4/archival_objects/32995"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":3079,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The entire collection is open for research except for the following:\n\n  Boxes 180-181: Personal correspondence\n  Boxes 213-214: Manuscript of \"Brazil: Orchid of the Tropics\"\n"],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder."],"date_range_isim":[1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965],"containers_ssim":["box 147","folder 10"],"_nest_path_":"/components#3/components#17","_nest_parent_":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_54557","_root_":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","timestamp":"2026-07-11T02:53:59.490Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","title_ssm":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection"],"title_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection"],"ead_ssi":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","unitdate_ssm":["1754-2014"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1754-2014"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 068","/repositories/4/resources/148"],"text":["SC 068","/repositories/4/resources/148","Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014","Marineland (Fla.)","Botany","Botany -- Brazil","Bromeliaceae","Bromelin","Cooking (Pineapples)","Pineapple","Plant hybridization","botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)","The entire collection is open for research except for the following:\n Boxes 180-181: Personal correspondence Boxes 213-214: Manuscript of \"Brazil: Orchid of the Tropics\"","The collection is divided into eight series by type of file.","Michael A. Spencer was born in Orlando and grew up in Winter Garden, Florida. He worked at Sand Hill Nursery near Lake Avalon and the Land of Bromeliads in Gotha before finding employment with Julian Nally. After the Nally estate was sold, Spencer worked for Racine Foster at Bromel-La. He graduated from UCF in 1990 summa cum laude with a BA in Liberal Studies and then found employment with Lyman B. Smith at the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History. Michael Spencer named a genus of bromeliads \"Racinaea\" in honor of Racine Foster. While engaged in his research, Spencer amassed this collection of materials concerning bromeliads and their collectors. He now lives in Frederick, Maryland where he has served on the Historic Preservation Commission since 2004.","Materials were rehoused in pH neutral folders and cartons. Photographs, negatives and slides were enclosed in polyester sleeves. Many of the materials were well organized and the arrangement was retained. The remainder were arranged by following the original arrangement as far as possible. Notes on folders were retained in the new folder. Paper clips were replaced with plastic clips or materials that belonged together were held together in a pH neutral paper sleeve. Loose-leaf notebooks that were badly rusted were discarded and the contents placed in folders. Items loose in the back of notebooks were foldered separately and marked accordingly. Notes from a film canister were written exactly as found as the label could not be removed. Albums falling apart were taken apart and foldered. Albums in reasonable condition had the photographs attached properly with corners and the pages interleaved to prevent sticking. Loose album pages in the Foster subseries on Plant Information were merely foldered as they were not in an album and were found without context. Collecion rehoused and finding aid revised by Chynna Thomas in 2023.","A large book collection accompanies this collection and may be accessed by performing a series search \"Michael A. Spencer Collection\" in the UCF Library  Online Catalog .  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Julian Nally ,  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Theodore Mead ,  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Henry Nehrling  and the  Henry Nehrling Papers  are also available in Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries. Some paintings by Mulford Foster are held at the  Harry P. Leu Gardens . The  Henry Nehrling Collection  and the  Theodore L. Mead Collection  are held at Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida. Lyman Smith's Papers are held at the  Smithsonian Institution Archives .","Series I: Mulford and Racine Foster Files, 1910-1991 documents the work of these two individuals in discovering and propagating bromeliads. Correspondence, publications, notebooks, drawings, research materials, memorabilia and photographs show all aspects of their work including plant collecting, landscape designing and publishing. Photographs may be black and white or color prints, negatives or slides. Additional materials about the Fosters may be found in Series II and III.","\nSeries II: Subject Files, 1880-2003 contains catalogues, journals, photographs, memorabilia and correspondence that Michael Spencer brought together under his chosen subject headings and arranged alphabetically. Many of the materials in this series originally came from Mulford and Racine Foster, which means that there is some overlap with the previous series. Spencer's own collecting interest lay in documenting the importance of bromeliads in society, and he collected many common items that showed bromeliads, especially pineapples.","\nSeries III: Author Files, 1754-1997 includes a variety of media used for research, such as articles, books, magazines, newspaper clippings, and photographs. There are a significant number of materials authored by Mulford and Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith, including original manuscripts.","\nSeries IV: Plants by Family Files, 1908-1990 contains alphabetical files on plant families, which include newspaper clippings, books and other research materials.","\nSeries V: Natural History Files, 1853-1997 holds alphabetical files on a wide range of natural history topics including plant societies, authors, drugs and diseases. The files contain published materials, photocopies, web resources, plant and geological samples that document's Michael's Spencer's considerable research interests.","\nSeries VI: Medicinal Files, 1988-1996 contains alphabetical files on diseases and therapies. Not all these files relate to plants though many of them concern natural therapies.","\nSeries VII: Lyman Smith Files: 1905-1994 holds alphabetical files that belonged to Lyman B. Smith. His notebooks, manscripts, teaching materials and correspondence may all be found here.","\nSeries VIII: Personal Files, 1863-2014 contains alphabetical files showing Spencer's interest in collecting books and his wide interests. Materials that do not clearly belong in the other series may be found here.","Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder.","Michael A. Spencer assembled this collection of publications, photographs, drawings, correspondence programs and other materials focusing on the discovery, taxonomy and cultivation of bromeliads. Mulford B. Foster, Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith are among the significant bromeliad collectors whose work is documented here.","UCF Special Collections","Bromeliad Society","Spencer, Michael A.","Smith, Lyman B.","Foster, Mulford B. (Mulford Bateman), 1888-1978","Foster, Racine, 1910-1991","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 068","/repositories/4/resources/148"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1754-2014"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014"],"collection_title_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014"],"collection_ssim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Marineland (Fla.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Marineland (Fla.)"],"creator_ssm":["Spencer, Michael A."],"creator_ssim":["Spencer, Michael A."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Spencer, Michael A."],"creators_ssim":["Spencer, Michael A."],"places_ssim":["Marineland (Fla.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Some of these materials were donated to and others were purchased by the University of Central Florida Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives from Michael A. Spencer in 2006 (CFM2006_09), 2011 (CFM2011_02), 2012 (CFM2012_10), and 2014 (CFM2014_01)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Botany","Botany -- Brazil","Bromeliaceae","Bromelin","Cooking (Pineapples)","Pineapple","Plant hybridization","botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Botany","Botany -- Brazil","Bromeliaceae","Bromelin","Cooking (Pineapples)","Pineapple","Plant hybridization","botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["130 Linear Feet 259 boxes, 2 flat files"],"extent_tesim":["130 Linear Feet 259 boxes, 2 flat files"],"genreform_ssim":["botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)"],"date_range_isim":[1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research except for the following:\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eBoxes 180-181: Personal correspondence\u003c/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eBoxes 213-214: Manuscript of \"Brazil: Orchid of the Tropics\"\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research except for the following:\n Boxes 180-181: Personal correspondence Boxes 213-214: Manuscript of \"Brazil: Orchid of the Tropics\""],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into eight series by type of file.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into eight series by type of file."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMichael A. Spencer was born in Orlando and grew up in Winter Garden, Florida. He worked at Sand Hill Nursery near Lake Avalon and the Land of Bromeliads in Gotha before finding employment with Julian Nally. After the Nally estate was sold, Spencer worked for Racine Foster at Bromel-La. He graduated from UCF in 1990 summa cum laude with a BA in Liberal Studies and then found employment with Lyman B. Smith at the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History. Michael Spencer named a genus of bromeliads \"Racinaea\" in honor of Racine Foster. While engaged in his research, Spencer amassed this collection of materials concerning bromeliads and their collectors. He now lives in Frederick, Maryland where he has served on the Historic Preservation Commission since 2004.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer was born in Orlando and grew up in Winter Garden, Florida. He worked at Sand Hill Nursery near Lake Avalon and the Land of Bromeliads in Gotha before finding employment with Julian Nally. After the Nally estate was sold, Spencer worked for Racine Foster at Bromel-La. He graduated from UCF in 1990 summa cum laude with a BA in Liberal Studies and then found employment with Lyman B. Smith at the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History. Michael Spencer named a genus of bromeliads \"Racinaea\" in honor of Racine Foster. While engaged in his research, Spencer amassed this collection of materials concerning bromeliads and their collectors. He now lives in Frederick, Maryland where he has served on the Historic Preservation Commission since 2004."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMichael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials were rehoused in pH neutral folders and cartons. Photographs, negatives and slides were enclosed in polyester sleeves. Many of the materials were well organized and the arrangement was retained. The remainder were arranged by following the original arrangement as far as possible. Notes on folders were retained in the new folder. Paper clips were replaced with plastic clips or materials that belonged together were held together in a pH neutral paper sleeve. Loose-leaf notebooks that were badly rusted were discarded and the contents placed in folders. Items loose in the back of notebooks were foldered separately and marked accordingly. Notes from a film canister were written exactly as found as the label could not be removed. Albums falling apart were taken apart and foldered. Albums in reasonable condition had the photographs attached properly with corners and the pages interleaved to prevent sticking. Loose album pages in the Foster subseries on Plant Information were merely foldered as they were not in an album and were found without context. Collecion rehoused and finding aid revised by Chynna Thomas in 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Materials were rehoused in pH neutral folders and cartons. Photographs, negatives and slides were enclosed in polyester sleeves. Many of the materials were well organized and the arrangement was retained. The remainder were arranged by following the original arrangement as far as possible. Notes on folders were retained in the new folder. Paper clips were replaced with plastic clips or materials that belonged together were held together in a pH neutral paper sleeve. Loose-leaf notebooks that were badly rusted were discarded and the contents placed in folders. Items loose in the back of notebooks were foldered separately and marked accordingly. Notes from a film canister were written exactly as found as the label could not be removed. Albums falling apart were taken apart and foldered. Albums in reasonable condition had the photographs attached properly with corners and the pages interleaved to prevent sticking. Loose album pages in the Foster subseries on Plant Information were merely foldered as they were not in an album and were found without context. Collecion rehoused and finding aid revised by Chynna Thomas in 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA large book collection accompanies this collection and may be accessed by performing a series search \"Michael A. Spencer Collection\" in the UCF Library \u003cextref href=\"https://library.ucf.edu\"\u003eOnline Catalog\u003c/extref\u003e. \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2006-08c\"\u003eMichael A. Spencer Collection on Julian Nally\u003c/extref\u003e, \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2006-08b\"\u003eMichael A. Spencer Collection on Theodore Mead\u003c/extref\u003e, \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2006-08a\"\u003eMichael A. Spencer Collection on Henry Nehrling\u003c/extref\u003e and the \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM1999-03\"\u003eHenry Nehrling Papers\u003c/extref\u003e are also available in Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries. Some paintings by Mulford Foster are held at the \u003cextref href=\"http://www.leugardens.org/\"\u003eHarry P. Leu Gardens\u003c/extref\u003e. The \u003cextref href=\"https://aspace.rollins.edu/repositories/2/resources/4\"\u003eHenry Nehrling Collection\u003c/extref\u003e and the \u003cextref href=\"https://aspace.rollins.edu/repositories/2/resources/97\"\u003eTheodore L. Mead Collection\u003c/extref\u003e are held at Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida. Lyman Smith's Papers are held at the \u003cextref href=\"http://siarchives.si.edu/\"\u003eSmithsonian Institution Archives\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["A large book collection accompanies this collection and may be accessed by performing a series search \"Michael A. Spencer Collection\" in the UCF Library  Online Catalog .  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Julian Nally ,  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Theodore Mead ,  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Henry Nehrling  and the  Henry Nehrling Papers  are also available in Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries. Some paintings by Mulford Foster are held at the  Harry P. Leu Gardens . The  Henry Nehrling Collection  and the  Theodore L. Mead Collection  are held at Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida. Lyman Smith's Papers are held at the  Smithsonian Institution Archives ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Mulford and Racine Foster Files, 1910-1991 documents the work of these two individuals in discovering and propagating bromeliads. Correspondence, publications, notebooks, drawings, research materials, memorabilia and photographs show all aspects of their work including plant collecting, landscape designing and publishing. Photographs may be black and white or color prints, negatives or slides. Additional materials about the Fosters may be found in Series II and III.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries II: Subject Files, 1880-2003 contains catalogues, journals, photographs, memorabilia and correspondence that Michael Spencer brought together under his chosen subject headings and arranged alphabetically. Many of the materials in this series originally came from Mulford and Racine Foster, which means that there is some overlap with the previous series. Spencer's own collecting interest lay in documenting the importance of bromeliads in society, and he collected many common items that showed bromeliads, especially pineapples.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries III: Author Files, 1754-1997 includes a variety of media used for research, such as articles, books, magazines, newspaper clippings, and photographs. There are a significant number of materials authored by Mulford and Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith, including original manuscripts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries IV: Plants by Family Files, 1908-1990 contains alphabetical files on plant families, which include newspaper clippings, books and other research materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries V: Natural History Files, 1853-1997 holds alphabetical files on a wide range of natural history topics including plant societies, authors, drugs and diseases. The files contain published materials, photocopies, web resources, plant and geological samples that document's Michael's Spencer's considerable research interests.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VI: Medicinal Files, 1988-1996 contains alphabetical files on diseases and therapies. Not all these files relate to plants though many of them concern natural therapies.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VII: Lyman Smith Files: 1905-1994 holds alphabetical files that belonged to Lyman B. Smith. His notebooks, manscripts, teaching materials and correspondence may all be found here.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VIII: Personal Files, 1863-2014 contains alphabetical files showing Spencer's interest in collecting books and his wide interests. Materials that do not clearly belong in the other series may be found here.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Series I: Mulford and Racine Foster Files, 1910-1991 documents the work of these two individuals in discovering and propagating bromeliads. Correspondence, publications, notebooks, drawings, research materials, memorabilia and photographs show all aspects of their work including plant collecting, landscape designing and publishing. Photographs may be black and white or color prints, negatives or slides. Additional materials about the Fosters may be found in Series II and III.","\nSeries II: Subject Files, 1880-2003 contains catalogues, journals, photographs, memorabilia and correspondence that Michael Spencer brought together under his chosen subject headings and arranged alphabetically. Many of the materials in this series originally came from Mulford and Racine Foster, which means that there is some overlap with the previous series. Spencer's own collecting interest lay in documenting the importance of bromeliads in society, and he collected many common items that showed bromeliads, especially pineapples.","\nSeries III: Author Files, 1754-1997 includes a variety of media used for research, such as articles, books, magazines, newspaper clippings, and photographs. There are a significant number of materials authored by Mulford and Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith, including original manuscripts.","\nSeries IV: Plants by Family Files, 1908-1990 contains alphabetical files on plant families, which include newspaper clippings, books and other research materials.","\nSeries V: Natural History Files, 1853-1997 holds alphabetical files on a wide range of natural history topics including plant societies, authors, drugs and diseases. The files contain published materials, photocopies, web resources, plant and geological samples that document's Michael's Spencer's considerable research interests.","\nSeries VI: Medicinal Files, 1988-1996 contains alphabetical files on diseases and therapies. Not all these files relate to plants though many of them concern natural therapies.","\nSeries VII: Lyman Smith Files: 1905-1994 holds alphabetical files that belonged to Lyman B. Smith. His notebooks, manscripts, teaching materials and correspondence may all be found here.","\nSeries VIII: Personal Files, 1863-2014 contains alphabetical files showing Spencer's interest in collecting books and his wide interests. Materials that do not clearly belong in the other series may be found here."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Copyright Statement"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_8e33310d6b1a70e4d88f1e2d3043cf71\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eMichael A. Spencer assembled this collection of publications, photographs, drawings, correspondence programs and other materials focusing on the discovery, taxonomy and cultivation of bromeliads. Mulford B. Foster, Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith are among the significant bromeliad collectors whose work is documented here.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer assembled this collection of publications, photographs, drawings, correspondence programs and other materials focusing on the discovery, taxonomy and cultivation of bromeliads. Mulford B. Foster, Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith are among the significant bromeliad collectors whose work is documented here."],"names_coll_ssim":["Bromeliad Society","Smith, Lyman B.","Foster, Mulford B. (Mulford Bateman), 1888-1978","Foster, Racine, 1910-1991"],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Bromeliad Society","Spencer, Michael A.","Smith, Lyman B.","Foster, Mulford B. (Mulford Bateman), 1888-1978","Foster, Racine, 1910-1991"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Bromeliad Society"],"persname_ssim":["Spencer, Michael A.","Smith, Lyman B.","Foster, Mulford B. (Mulford Bateman), 1888-1978","Foster, Racine, 1910-1991"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3662,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","timestamp":"2026-07-11T02:53:59.490Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_54577"}},{"id":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_54693","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Cycads, 1924-1983","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_54693#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_54693","ref_ssm":["aspace_54693","aspace_54693"],"id":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_54693","title_filing_ssi":"Cycads","title_ssm":["Cycads"],"title_tesim":["Cycads"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1924-1983"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1924-1983"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Cycads, 1924-1983"],"text":["Cycads, 1924-1983","Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014","Natural History, 1853-1997.","Folder 7","/repositories/4/archival_objects/33820","box 155","folder 7"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_54625"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014","Natural History, 1853-1997."],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014","Natural History, 1853-1997."],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["Folder 7","/repositories/4/archival_objects/33820"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":17,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":3190,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The entire collection is open for research except for the following:\n\n  Boxes 180-181: Personal correspondence\n  Boxes 213-214: Manuscript of \"Brazil: Orchid of the Tropics\"\n"],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder."],"date_range_isim":[1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983],"containers_ssim":["box 155","folder 7"],"_nest_path_":"/components#4/components#61","_nest_parent_":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_54625","_root_":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","timestamp":"2026-07-11T02:53:59.490Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","title_ssm":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection"],"title_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection"],"ead_ssi":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","unitdate_ssm":["1754-2014"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1754-2014"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 068","/repositories/4/resources/148"],"text":["SC 068","/repositories/4/resources/148","Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014","Marineland (Fla.)","Botany","Botany -- Brazil","Bromeliaceae","Bromelin","Cooking (Pineapples)","Pineapple","Plant hybridization","botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)","The entire collection is open for research except for the following:\n Boxes 180-181: Personal correspondence Boxes 213-214: Manuscript of \"Brazil: Orchid of the Tropics\"","The collection is divided into eight series by type of file.","Michael A. Spencer was born in Orlando and grew up in Winter Garden, Florida. He worked at Sand Hill Nursery near Lake Avalon and the Land of Bromeliads in Gotha before finding employment with Julian Nally. After the Nally estate was sold, Spencer worked for Racine Foster at Bromel-La. He graduated from UCF in 1990 summa cum laude with a BA in Liberal Studies and then found employment with Lyman B. Smith at the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History. Michael Spencer named a genus of bromeliads \"Racinaea\" in honor of Racine Foster. While engaged in his research, Spencer amassed this collection of materials concerning bromeliads and their collectors. He now lives in Frederick, Maryland where he has served on the Historic Preservation Commission since 2004.","Materials were rehoused in pH neutral folders and cartons. Photographs, negatives and slides were enclosed in polyester sleeves. Many of the materials were well organized and the arrangement was retained. The remainder were arranged by following the original arrangement as far as possible. Notes on folders were retained in the new folder. Paper clips were replaced with plastic clips or materials that belonged together were held together in a pH neutral paper sleeve. Loose-leaf notebooks that were badly rusted were discarded and the contents placed in folders. Items loose in the back of notebooks were foldered separately and marked accordingly. Notes from a film canister were written exactly as found as the label could not be removed. Albums falling apart were taken apart and foldered. Albums in reasonable condition had the photographs attached properly with corners and the pages interleaved to prevent sticking. Loose album pages in the Foster subseries on Plant Information were merely foldered as they were not in an album and were found without context. Collecion rehoused and finding aid revised by Chynna Thomas in 2023.","A large book collection accompanies this collection and may be accessed by performing a series search \"Michael A. Spencer Collection\" in the UCF Library  Online Catalog .  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Julian Nally ,  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Theodore Mead ,  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Henry Nehrling  and the  Henry Nehrling Papers  are also available in Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries. Some paintings by Mulford Foster are held at the  Harry P. Leu Gardens . The  Henry Nehrling Collection  and the  Theodore L. Mead Collection  are held at Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida. Lyman Smith's Papers are held at the  Smithsonian Institution Archives .","Series I: Mulford and Racine Foster Files, 1910-1991 documents the work of these two individuals in discovering and propagating bromeliads. Correspondence, publications, notebooks, drawings, research materials, memorabilia and photographs show all aspects of their work including plant collecting, landscape designing and publishing. Photographs may be black and white or color prints, negatives or slides. Additional materials about the Fosters may be found in Series II and III.","\nSeries II: Subject Files, 1880-2003 contains catalogues, journals, photographs, memorabilia and correspondence that Michael Spencer brought together under his chosen subject headings and arranged alphabetically. Many of the materials in this series originally came from Mulford and Racine Foster, which means that there is some overlap with the previous series. Spencer's own collecting interest lay in documenting the importance of bromeliads in society, and he collected many common items that showed bromeliads, especially pineapples.","\nSeries III: Author Files, 1754-1997 includes a variety of media used for research, such as articles, books, magazines, newspaper clippings, and photographs. There are a significant number of materials authored by Mulford and Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith, including original manuscripts.","\nSeries IV: Plants by Family Files, 1908-1990 contains alphabetical files on plant families, which include newspaper clippings, books and other research materials.","\nSeries V: Natural History Files, 1853-1997 holds alphabetical files on a wide range of natural history topics including plant societies, authors, drugs and diseases. The files contain published materials, photocopies, web resources, plant and geological samples that document's Michael's Spencer's considerable research interests.","\nSeries VI: Medicinal Files, 1988-1996 contains alphabetical files on diseases and therapies. Not all these files relate to plants though many of them concern natural therapies.","\nSeries VII: Lyman Smith Files: 1905-1994 holds alphabetical files that belonged to Lyman B. Smith. His notebooks, manscripts, teaching materials and correspondence may all be found here.","\nSeries VIII: Personal Files, 1863-2014 contains alphabetical files showing Spencer's interest in collecting books and his wide interests. Materials that do not clearly belong in the other series may be found here.","Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder.","Michael A. Spencer assembled this collection of publications, photographs, drawings, correspondence programs and other materials focusing on the discovery, taxonomy and cultivation of bromeliads. Mulford B. Foster, Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith are among the significant bromeliad collectors whose work is documented here.","UCF Special Collections","Bromeliad Society","Spencer, Michael A.","Smith, Lyman B.","Foster, Mulford B. (Mulford Bateman), 1888-1978","Foster, Racine, 1910-1991","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 068","/repositories/4/resources/148"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1754-2014"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014"],"collection_title_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014"],"collection_ssim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Marineland (Fla.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Marineland (Fla.)"],"creator_ssm":["Spencer, Michael A."],"creator_ssim":["Spencer, Michael A."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Spencer, Michael A."],"creators_ssim":["Spencer, Michael A."],"places_ssim":["Marineland (Fla.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Some of these materials were donated to and others were purchased by the University of Central Florida Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives from Michael A. Spencer in 2006 (CFM2006_09), 2011 (CFM2011_02), 2012 (CFM2012_10), and 2014 (CFM2014_01)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Botany","Botany -- Brazil","Bromeliaceae","Bromelin","Cooking (Pineapples)","Pineapple","Plant hybridization","botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Botany","Botany -- Brazil","Bromeliaceae","Bromelin","Cooking (Pineapples)","Pineapple","Plant hybridization","botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["130 Linear Feet 259 boxes, 2 flat files"],"extent_tesim":["130 Linear Feet 259 boxes, 2 flat files"],"genreform_ssim":["botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)"],"date_range_isim":[1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research except for the following:\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eBoxes 180-181: Personal correspondence\u003c/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eBoxes 213-214: Manuscript of \"Brazil: Orchid of the Tropics\"\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research except for the following:\n Boxes 180-181: Personal correspondence Boxes 213-214: Manuscript of \"Brazil: Orchid of the Tropics\""],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into eight series by type of file.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into eight series by type of file."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMichael A. Spencer was born in Orlando and grew up in Winter Garden, Florida. He worked at Sand Hill Nursery near Lake Avalon and the Land of Bromeliads in Gotha before finding employment with Julian Nally. After the Nally estate was sold, Spencer worked for Racine Foster at Bromel-La. He graduated from UCF in 1990 summa cum laude with a BA in Liberal Studies and then found employment with Lyman B. Smith at the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History. Michael Spencer named a genus of bromeliads \"Racinaea\" in honor of Racine Foster. While engaged in his research, Spencer amassed this collection of materials concerning bromeliads and their collectors. He now lives in Frederick, Maryland where he has served on the Historic Preservation Commission since 2004.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer was born in Orlando and grew up in Winter Garden, Florida. He worked at Sand Hill Nursery near Lake Avalon and the Land of Bromeliads in Gotha before finding employment with Julian Nally. After the Nally estate was sold, Spencer worked for Racine Foster at Bromel-La. He graduated from UCF in 1990 summa cum laude with a BA in Liberal Studies and then found employment with Lyman B. Smith at the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History. Michael Spencer named a genus of bromeliads \"Racinaea\" in honor of Racine Foster. While engaged in his research, Spencer amassed this collection of materials concerning bromeliads and their collectors. He now lives in Frederick, Maryland where he has served on the Historic Preservation Commission since 2004."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMichael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials were rehoused in pH neutral folders and cartons. Photographs, negatives and slides were enclosed in polyester sleeves. Many of the materials were well organized and the arrangement was retained. The remainder were arranged by following the original arrangement as far as possible. Notes on folders were retained in the new folder. Paper clips were replaced with plastic clips or materials that belonged together were held together in a pH neutral paper sleeve. Loose-leaf notebooks that were badly rusted were discarded and the contents placed in folders. Items loose in the back of notebooks were foldered separately and marked accordingly. Notes from a film canister were written exactly as found as the label could not be removed. Albums falling apart were taken apart and foldered. Albums in reasonable condition had the photographs attached properly with corners and the pages interleaved to prevent sticking. Loose album pages in the Foster subseries on Plant Information were merely foldered as they were not in an album and were found without context. Collecion rehoused and finding aid revised by Chynna Thomas in 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Materials were rehoused in pH neutral folders and cartons. Photographs, negatives and slides were enclosed in polyester sleeves. Many of the materials were well organized and the arrangement was retained. The remainder were arranged by following the original arrangement as far as possible. Notes on folders were retained in the new folder. Paper clips were replaced with plastic clips or materials that belonged together were held together in a pH neutral paper sleeve. Loose-leaf notebooks that were badly rusted were discarded and the contents placed in folders. Items loose in the back of notebooks were foldered separately and marked accordingly. Notes from a film canister were written exactly as found as the label could not be removed. Albums falling apart were taken apart and foldered. Albums in reasonable condition had the photographs attached properly with corners and the pages interleaved to prevent sticking. Loose album pages in the Foster subseries on Plant Information were merely foldered as they were not in an album and were found without context. Collecion rehoused and finding aid revised by Chynna Thomas in 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA large book collection accompanies this collection and may be accessed by performing a series search \"Michael A. Spencer Collection\" in the UCF Library \u003cextref href=\"https://library.ucf.edu\"\u003eOnline Catalog\u003c/extref\u003e. \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2006-08c\"\u003eMichael A. Spencer Collection on Julian Nally\u003c/extref\u003e, \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2006-08b\"\u003eMichael A. Spencer Collection on Theodore Mead\u003c/extref\u003e, \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2006-08a\"\u003eMichael A. Spencer Collection on Henry Nehrling\u003c/extref\u003e and the \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM1999-03\"\u003eHenry Nehrling Papers\u003c/extref\u003e are also available in Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries. Some paintings by Mulford Foster are held at the \u003cextref href=\"http://www.leugardens.org/\"\u003eHarry P. Leu Gardens\u003c/extref\u003e. The \u003cextref href=\"https://aspace.rollins.edu/repositories/2/resources/4\"\u003eHenry Nehrling Collection\u003c/extref\u003e and the \u003cextref href=\"https://aspace.rollins.edu/repositories/2/resources/97\"\u003eTheodore L. Mead Collection\u003c/extref\u003e are held at Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida. Lyman Smith's Papers are held at the \u003cextref href=\"http://siarchives.si.edu/\"\u003eSmithsonian Institution Archives\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["A large book collection accompanies this collection and may be accessed by performing a series search \"Michael A. Spencer Collection\" in the UCF Library  Online Catalog .  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Julian Nally ,  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Theodore Mead ,  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Henry Nehrling  and the  Henry Nehrling Papers  are also available in Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries. Some paintings by Mulford Foster are held at the  Harry P. Leu Gardens . The  Henry Nehrling Collection  and the  Theodore L. Mead Collection  are held at Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida. Lyman Smith's Papers are held at the  Smithsonian Institution Archives ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Mulford and Racine Foster Files, 1910-1991 documents the work of these two individuals in discovering and propagating bromeliads. Correspondence, publications, notebooks, drawings, research materials, memorabilia and photographs show all aspects of their work including plant collecting, landscape designing and publishing. Photographs may be black and white or color prints, negatives or slides. Additional materials about the Fosters may be found in Series II and III.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries II: Subject Files, 1880-2003 contains catalogues, journals, photographs, memorabilia and correspondence that Michael Spencer brought together under his chosen subject headings and arranged alphabetically. Many of the materials in this series originally came from Mulford and Racine Foster, which means that there is some overlap with the previous series. Spencer's own collecting interest lay in documenting the importance of bromeliads in society, and he collected many common items that showed bromeliads, especially pineapples.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries III: Author Files, 1754-1997 includes a variety of media used for research, such as articles, books, magazines, newspaper clippings, and photographs. There are a significant number of materials authored by Mulford and Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith, including original manuscripts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries IV: Plants by Family Files, 1908-1990 contains alphabetical files on plant families, which include newspaper clippings, books and other research materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries V: Natural History Files, 1853-1997 holds alphabetical files on a wide range of natural history topics including plant societies, authors, drugs and diseases. The files contain published materials, photocopies, web resources, plant and geological samples that document's Michael's Spencer's considerable research interests.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VI: Medicinal Files, 1988-1996 contains alphabetical files on diseases and therapies. Not all these files relate to plants though many of them concern natural therapies.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VII: Lyman Smith Files: 1905-1994 holds alphabetical files that belonged to Lyman B. Smith. His notebooks, manscripts, teaching materials and correspondence may all be found here.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VIII: Personal Files, 1863-2014 contains alphabetical files showing Spencer's interest in collecting books and his wide interests. Materials that do not clearly belong in the other series may be found here.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Series I: Mulford and Racine Foster Files, 1910-1991 documents the work of these two individuals in discovering and propagating bromeliads. Correspondence, publications, notebooks, drawings, research materials, memorabilia and photographs show all aspects of their work including plant collecting, landscape designing and publishing. Photographs may be black and white or color prints, negatives or slides. Additional materials about the Fosters may be found in Series II and III.","\nSeries II: Subject Files, 1880-2003 contains catalogues, journals, photographs, memorabilia and correspondence that Michael Spencer brought together under his chosen subject headings and arranged alphabetically. Many of the materials in this series originally came from Mulford and Racine Foster, which means that there is some overlap with the previous series. Spencer's own collecting interest lay in documenting the importance of bromeliads in society, and he collected many common items that showed bromeliads, especially pineapples.","\nSeries III: Author Files, 1754-1997 includes a variety of media used for research, such as articles, books, magazines, newspaper clippings, and photographs. There are a significant number of materials authored by Mulford and Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith, including original manuscripts.","\nSeries IV: Plants by Family Files, 1908-1990 contains alphabetical files on plant families, which include newspaper clippings, books and other research materials.","\nSeries V: Natural History Files, 1853-1997 holds alphabetical files on a wide range of natural history topics including plant societies, authors, drugs and diseases. The files contain published materials, photocopies, web resources, plant and geological samples that document's Michael's Spencer's considerable research interests.","\nSeries VI: Medicinal Files, 1988-1996 contains alphabetical files on diseases and therapies. Not all these files relate to plants though many of them concern natural therapies.","\nSeries VII: Lyman Smith Files: 1905-1994 holds alphabetical files that belonged to Lyman B. Smith. His notebooks, manscripts, teaching materials and correspondence may all be found here.","\nSeries VIII: Personal Files, 1863-2014 contains alphabetical files showing Spencer's interest in collecting books and his wide interests. Materials that do not clearly belong in the other series may be found here."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Copyright Statement"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_8e33310d6b1a70e4d88f1e2d3043cf71\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eMichael A. Spencer assembled this collection of publications, photographs, drawings, correspondence programs and other materials focusing on the discovery, taxonomy and cultivation of bromeliads. Mulford B. Foster, Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith are among the significant bromeliad collectors whose work is documented here.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer assembled this collection of publications, photographs, drawings, correspondence programs and other materials focusing on the discovery, taxonomy and cultivation of bromeliads. Mulford B. Foster, Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith are among the significant bromeliad collectors whose work is documented here."],"names_coll_ssim":["Bromeliad Society","Smith, Lyman B.","Foster, Mulford B. (Mulford Bateman), 1888-1978","Foster, Racine, 1910-1991"],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Bromeliad Society","Spencer, Michael A.","Smith, Lyman B.","Foster, Mulford B. (Mulford Bateman), 1888-1978","Foster, Racine, 1910-1991"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Bromeliad Society"],"persname_ssim":["Spencer, Michael A.","Smith, Lyman B.","Foster, Mulford B. (Mulford Bateman), 1888-1978","Foster, Racine, 1910-1991"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3662,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","timestamp":"2026-07-11T02:53:59.490Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_54693"}},{"id":"bf94ada4377f2dbc813062ab_aspace_cee21426b2b67206ed23300dd8dc30dd","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Cypress Gardens Postcards, bulk 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Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/bf94ada4377f2dbc813062ab_aspace_7342b96d8bca420c7f49d35911f3f52b#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_7342b96d8bca420c7f49d35911f3f52b","ref_ssm":["aspace_7342b96d8bca420c7f49d35911f3f52b","aspace_7342b96d8bca420c7f49d35911f3f52b"],"id":"bf94ada4377f2dbc813062ab_aspace_7342b96d8bca420c7f49d35911f3f52b","title_filing_ssi":"\"Cyrus, Shepherd of Israel\"","title_ssm":["\"Cyrus, Shepherd of Israel\""],"title_tesim":["\"Cyrus, Shepherd of Israel\""],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1903-1949"],"normalized_date_ssm":["bulk 1903-1949"],"normalized_title_ssm":["\"Cyrus, Shepherd of Israel\", bulk 1903-1949"],"text":["\"Cyrus, Shepherd of Israel\", bulk 1903-1949","Vintage Florida Postcards, 1930-2025","Estero Postcards, 1923-1990","/repositories/2/archival_objects/42477","Fort Myers (Fla.)","Koreshan Unity--History.","Postcards.\t","English","An unmarked, linen postcard from the Koreshan Unity Settlement that reads \"IF you will forget the pleasures of the world, and stand together as a unit of energy and power, the graves may be stirred, and the dead made to hear the Voice of the Resurrection\" by Cyrus Teed, otherwise known as \"Koresh\" (master of the Koreshan Unity) and the Shepherd of Israel."],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["bf94ada4377f2dbc813062ab","bf94ada4377f2dbc813062ab_aspace_20451"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Vintage Florida Postcards, 1930-2025","Estero Postcards, 1923-1990"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Vintage Florida Postcards, 1930-2025","Estero Postcards, 1923-1990"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","File"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/2/archival_objects/42477"],"repository_ssim":["Florida Gulf Coast University Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Vintage Florida Postcards, 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Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024,2025],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open and available for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open and available for research."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials included in the Vintage Florida Postcard collection include postcards from regions spanning the State of Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Materials included in the Vintage Florida Postcard collection include postcards from regions spanning the State of Florida."],"names_ssim":["Florida Gulf Coast University Special Collections","Dexter Press (West Nyack, New York)","Sell, William, Mrs."],"corpname_ssim":["Florida Gulf Coast University Special Collections","Dexter Press (West Nyack, New York)"],"persname_ssim":["Sell, William, Mrs."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":285,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"bf94ada4377f2dbc813062ab","timestamp":"2026-04-28T01:56:33.260Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/bf94ada4377f2dbc813062ab_aspace_7342b96d8bca420c7f49d35911f3f52b"}},{"id":"caafc6b8db90f2f2957ce126","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Dae D. Baird, Jr. papers, 1944-2009, Date acquired: 11/20/2009","creator":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/caafc6b8db90f2f2957ce126#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["Baird, Dae D., Jr., 1918-2016"],"label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/caafc6b8db90f2f2957ce126#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains papers pertaining to Ensign Dae D. Baird, Jr. and his experiences as a Merchant Marine during World War II.The papers include photographs, letters, speeches, biographical articles, and military documents.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/caafc6b8db90f2f2957ce126#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"caafc6b8db90f2f2957ce126","title_filing_ssi":"Baird, Dae D., Jr. papers","title_ssm":["Dae D. Baird, Jr. papers"],"title_tesim":["Dae D. Baird, Jr. papers"],"ead_ssi":"caafc6b8db90f2f2957ce126","unitdate_ssm":["1944-2009","Date acquired: 11/20/2009"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1944-2009"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 11/20/2009"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["09.0169","/repositories/10/resources/468"],"text":["09.0169","/repositories/10/resources/468","Dae D. Baird, Jr. papers, 1944-2009, Date acquired: 11/20/2009","Merchant marine--Egypt--History.","Merchant marine--Italy--History.","Merchant marine--Persian Gulf Region--History.","Merchant mariners--History","Merchant marine--United States","Merchant marine--Officers","Merchant mariners--United States","Merchant marine--Records and correspondence.","Merchant marine Safety regulations","World War, 1939-1945--Naval operations","This collection is open to all researchers.","Creator","Ensign Dae D. Baird, Jr. was a Merchant Marine Purser during World War II. While serving, Baird also served as the pharmacist aboard the SS William Bradford. After leaving his pregnant wife in Tennessee, Baird traveled across the ocean through the Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea, and into the Persian Gulf. The SS William Bradford also took Baird into the Indian Ocean, about the coast of Africa, back towards South America, and then returned home to New York. In his letters, Baird speaks mostly of the weather; he is very vague about the actual War. He does speak in detail about the blackout regulations and the safety aboard the ship. For his services, Baird was rewarded multiple medals including: The Atlantic War Zone, The World War II, and the Mediterranean-Middle East War Zone. 50 years after the war, Baird received an award from Russia for his services in the Great Patriot War. Baird spoke at many memorials and documented many of his experiences as a Merchant Marine in articles on the War. Baird is still alive.","Note written by Hannah Shapiro","Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022.","This collection contains papers pertaining to Ensign Dae D. Baird, Jr. and his experiences as a Merchant Marine during World War II.The papers include photographs, letters, speeches, biographical articles, and military documents.","The Dae D. Baird, Jr. collection pertains to the service of Ensign Dae D. Baird, Jr. in the United States Merchant Marines from June 1943 until 1946, as a Purser. Consisting of copies of photographs, records of medals, and articles on the Merchant Marine and Mr. Baird's experiences during World War II, the collection provides insight into the experiences of a Merchant Mariner. In his brief account on the war, \"Unusual and Rare World War II Experiences,\" Mr. Baird describes his experiences aboard the SS William Bradford as it carried ammunition and airplane engines to Russia via the Trans-Iranian Railroad. Having traveled across the Atlantic, the Mediterranean and down the coast of Africa to Capetown, the account details the dangers onboard Merchant ships, including the need for blackouts and the use of barrage balloons. Other details discussed include Italian fleets using firewood as fuel, the emergence of the Black Plague in the city of Suez, sightings of whales and albatrosses, the conversion of ships into hospital ships, and initiations for crossing the Equator. The collection includes a photograph of three medals: the Atlantic War Zone, the Mediterranean-Middle East War Zone, and the World War II. Documentation for a medal from the Russian government shows the medal, a certificate, and a letter about the medal. The medal commemorates the fiftieth anniversary of the victory in the Great Patriot War and is for Mr. Baird's brave service. The accompanying certificate is signed by Boris Yeltsin, the Russian president at the time. Also included are copies of his Honorable Discharge certificate from the United States Coast Guard, dated August 6, 1945, and his World War II Honoree certificate. Copies of photographs show Mr. Baird in his uniform, during the war, and one at his ninetieth birthday. \nThere are two brief articles on the Merchant Marine written by Mr. Baird. The article, \"World War II, Merchant Marine Review,\" discusses the high casualty rate and involvement in the invasions of North Africa, Sicily, Salerno, Anzio, Southern France, Normandy, Iwo Jima, and Guadalcanal. The Merchant Seamen continued to be under attack by Japanese forces following \"Victory over Japan Day.\" The article includes quotes from General Douglas MacArthur and President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. The quotes exhibit the high esteem in which the two men held the Merchant Mariners for their service in \"every theater of operation\" while performing such a dangerous job for the Allies. The other article, \"More Information about the Merchant Marine,\" is about the recognition deserved by Merchant Seamen and how it took forty years for the United States government to honor their war service and grant them Veteran Status. The article also discusses the Veteran's Memorial Service and their goal to inform people on the achievements of the Merchant Mariners as the number of those who served in World War II diminishes. \nThe following letters were written by Dae D. Baird, Jr. during his voyage from May to November of 1944 on the SS William Bradford, a Liberty Ship. Baird served as a Purser in the Merchant Marine. His duties, while focusing primarily on various paperwork including port entry procedures and the ship's payroll, also included the duties of the Pharmicist's Mate, treating minor troubles for the crew such as cuts, fevers, seasickness, and constipation. As Purser, he interacted with a large percentage of the somewhat diverse Merchant Marine and U.S. Navy Armed Guard crew and remarked on his opinions of the different \ncharacters on board. The letters were written to his wife, Evelyn E. Baird, back home in Memphis, Tennessee. At the start of his voyage in May, Evelyn was pregnant with their son, and gave birth to him later during Dae Baird's voyage. For about a month Baird did not know any details of the birth, although he attempted to get information via a cablegram from the Red Cross. \nThe SS William Bradford sailed from Norfolk, Virginia in an initial convoy of 131 ships, including 97 freighters and tankers, 25 Landing Craft, and their escort of 3 Destroyers and 6 Destroyer Escorts. The ship's cargo consisted of ammunition and crated airplane engines to be unloaded at Bandar Shahpur in Iran. From there the cargo would be shipped to the U.S.S.R. via the Trans-Iranian railroad. Parts of the convoy the William Bradford sailed in left for various destinations, a large portion departing to Sicily and Italy, and other ships in a later convoy peeled off towards India. \nFrom Norfolk, the convoy sailed across the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea, through the Straights of Gibraltar and across the North African Coast, passing locations such as Oran, Tunis, Algiers, Bizerte, Malta, Cyrenica, Derma, Tobruk, and Alexandria, before stopping at Port Said at the entrance of the Suez Canal. Stopping again briefly at Suez before entering the Red Sea, the crew were not allowed shore leave on account of the Black Plague. The SS William Bradford sailed out of convoy in the Red Sea and halted at the port of Aden, where they were given only limited shore leave and were not allowed to swim due to the danger of sharks. Here they rejoined a convoy in the Arabian Sea, continuing through the Gulf of Oman to Bandar Shahpur in the Persian Gulf. \nThe weather here was extremely hot, and apparently Bandar Shahpur was considered one of the hottest places in the world. Baird was compelled to sleep on deck instead of his quarters, which were poorly ventilated due to blackout restrictions. Their ship almost ran aground in shallow water while trying to find the entrance to the port. Their cargo, unloaded by natives under U.S. Army supervision, took almost three weeks to unload, and the only source of entertainment for Baird was in the U.S. Army garrison located there. Their cargo finally unloaded, the ship stopped briefly at Bahrein Island to refuel, and then left the Persian Gulf, entering the Indian Ocean. Rounding Africa, they passed by Madagascar and eventually stopped at Durban, South Africa, and again at Capetown, South Africa for 16 days to repair their refrigeration unit. Baird was able to go ashore and see the sights in both Durban and South Africa. \nThe SS William Bradford then crossed the South Atlantic, stopping at Buenos Aires, Argentina to pick up a cargo of shelled corn. The ship then traveled north, stopping at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and Port of Spain, Trinidad. At Trinidad, Baird had to sign off and pay off an injured crew member, leaving him stranded to get back home by himself. From Trinidad, the ship traversed the Caribbean Sea out of convoy through the Windward Passage between Haiti and Cuba, traveled up the Eastern Coast starting at Florida, and finally returned to New York. \nDuring his voyage, Baird frequently writes about the weather, which for most of the voyage was relatively fair, with the exception of the extreme heat in the Red Sea, Persian Gulf, and Indian Oceans, and summer monsoons encountered in those areas. After fair weather, Baird had to catch up since it was too difficult to use a typewriter with the ship rolling in bad weather. Other than his \nPurser duties, Baird and other crew members did many things to pass the time. Baird began reading his first book, \"Men of Albermarle\", and other crew members frequently read books and magazines. The crew played games, and gambled with various games such as dice and card games like four-headed cribbage. They listened to the radio for programs from Allied Expeditionary Stations (AES) such as programs with singer Guy Lombardo, as well as news from the BBC and other broadcast sources. During their voyage the crew heard about the Fall of Rome, the D-Day Invasion of Normandy, the July assassination attempt on Hitler, and other historic events. In some ports, Baird and others were able to see movies, such as \"Wild West\", \"Bomber's Moon\", \"True to Life\", \"Swing Fever\", and \"White Savage.\" Also of note is an initiation for crew members passing south of the Equator which Baird participated in, and a V-lock style haircut that was popular among the crew. \nAlthough Baird wrote many letters to his wife, he was only able to mail three of them during his voyage. Few of the ports he stopped at had reliable mail service, and letters to and from his wife took a long time to be delivered. However, these letters survive as Baird's account of his voyage and his proof of his devotion to his wife during that time in 1944. ","All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.","FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Baird, Dae D., Jr., 1918-2016","English"],"unitid_tesim":["09.0169","/repositories/10/resources/468"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1944-2009, Date acquired: 11/20/2009"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Dae D. Baird, Jr. papers, 1944-2009, Date acquired: 11/20/2009"],"collection_title_tesim":["Dae D. Baird, Jr. papers, 1944-2009, Date acquired: 11/20/2009"],"collection_ssim":["Dae D. Baird, Jr. papers, 1944-2009, Date acquired: 11/20/2009"],"repository_ssm":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Merchant marine--Egypt--History.","Merchant marine--Italy--History.","Merchant marine--Persian Gulf Region--History."],"geogname_ssim":["Merchant marine--Egypt--History.","Merchant marine--Italy--History.","Merchant marine--Persian Gulf Region--History."],"creator_ssm":["Baird, Dae D., Jr., 1918-2016"],"creator_ssim":["Baird, Dae D., Jr., 1918-2016"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Baird, Dae D., Jr., 1918-2016"],"creators_ssim":["Baird, Dae D., Jr., 1918-2016"],"places_ssim":["Merchant marine--Egypt--History.","Merchant marine--Italy--History.","Merchant marine--Persian Gulf Region--History."],"access_terms_ssm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Dae Dominic Baird Jr.","Donation"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Merchant mariners--History","Merchant marine--United States","Merchant marine--Officers","Merchant mariners--United States","Merchant marine--Records and correspondence.","Merchant marine Safety regulations","World War, 1939-1945--Naval operations"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Merchant mariners--History","Merchant marine--United States","Merchant marine--Officers","Merchant mariners--United States","Merchant marine--Records and correspondence.","Merchant marine Safety regulations","World War, 1939-1945--Naval operations"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4 folders"],"extent_tesim":["4 folders"],"date_range_isim":[1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to all researchers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to all researchers."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCreator\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["Creator"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEnsign Dae D. Baird, Jr. was a Merchant Marine Purser during World War II. While serving, Baird also served as the pharmacist aboard the SS William Bradford. After leaving his pregnant wife in Tennessee, Baird traveled across the ocean through the Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea, and into the Persian Gulf. The SS William Bradford also took Baird into the Indian Ocean, about the coast of Africa, back towards South America, and then returned home to New York. In his letters, Baird speaks mostly of the weather; he is very vague about the actual War. He does speak in detail about the blackout regulations and the safety aboard the ship. For his services, Baird was rewarded multiple medals including: The Atlantic War Zone, The World War II, and the Mediterranean-Middle East War Zone. 50 years after the war, Baird received an award from Russia for his services in the Great Patriot War. Baird spoke at many memorials and documented many of his experiences as a Merchant Marine in articles on the War. Baird is still alive.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Hannah Shapiro\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Ensign Dae D. Baird, Jr. was a Merchant Marine Purser during World War II. While serving, Baird also served as the pharmacist aboard the SS William Bradford. After leaving his pregnant wife in Tennessee, Baird traveled across the ocean through the Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea, and into the Persian Gulf. The SS William Bradford also took Baird into the Indian Ocean, about the coast of Africa, back towards South America, and then returned home to New York. In his letters, Baird speaks mostly of the weather; he is very vague about the actual War. He does speak in detail about the blackout regulations and the safety aboard the ship. For his services, Baird was rewarded multiple medals including: The Atlantic War Zone, The World War II, and the Mediterranean-Middle East War Zone. 50 years after the war, Baird received an award from Russia for his services in the Great Patriot War. Baird spoke at many memorials and documented many of his experiences as a Merchant Marine in articles on the War. Baird is still alive.","Note written by Hannah Shapiro"],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTransferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives in July 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], Dae D. Baird, Jr. papers, Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_09_0169\"\u003ehttp://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_09_0169\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], Dae D. Baird, Jr. papers, Special Collections \u0026 Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida.  http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_09_0169 ."],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains papers pertaining to Ensign Dae D. Baird, Jr. and his experiences as a Merchant Marine during World War II.The papers include photographs, letters, speeches, biographical articles, and military documents.","The Dae D. Baird, Jr. collection pertains to the service of Ensign Dae D. Baird, Jr. in the United States Merchant Marines from June 1943 until 1946, as a Purser. Consisting of copies of photographs, records of medals, and articles on the Merchant Marine and Mr. Baird's experiences during World War II, the collection provides insight into the experiences of a Merchant Mariner. In his brief account on the war, \"Unusual and Rare World War II Experiences,\" Mr. Baird describes his experiences aboard the SS William Bradford as it carried ammunition and airplane engines to Russia via the Trans-Iranian Railroad. Having traveled across the Atlantic, the Mediterranean and down the coast of Africa to Capetown, the account details the dangers onboard Merchant ships, including the need for blackouts and the use of barrage balloons. Other details discussed include Italian fleets using firewood as fuel, the emergence of the Black Plague in the city of Suez, sightings of whales and albatrosses, the conversion of ships into hospital ships, and initiations for crossing the Equator. The collection includes a photograph of three medals: the Atlantic War Zone, the Mediterranean-Middle East War Zone, and the World War II. Documentation for a medal from the Russian government shows the medal, a certificate, and a letter about the medal. The medal commemorates the fiftieth anniversary of the victory in the Great Patriot War and is for Mr. Baird's brave service. The accompanying certificate is signed by Boris Yeltsin, the Russian president at the time. Also included are copies of his Honorable Discharge certificate from the United States Coast Guard, dated August 6, 1945, and his World War II Honoree certificate. Copies of photographs show Mr. Baird in his uniform, during the war, and one at his ninetieth birthday. \nThere are two brief articles on the Merchant Marine written by Mr. Baird. The article, \"World War II, Merchant Marine Review,\" discusses the high casualty rate and involvement in the invasions of North Africa, Sicily, Salerno, Anzio, Southern France, Normandy, Iwo Jima, and Guadalcanal. The Merchant Seamen continued to be under attack by Japanese forces following \"Victory over Japan Day.\" The article includes quotes from General Douglas MacArthur and President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. The quotes exhibit the high esteem in which the two men held the Merchant Mariners for their service in \"every theater of operation\" while performing such a dangerous job for the Allies. The other article, \"More Information about the Merchant Marine,\" is about the recognition deserved by Merchant Seamen and how it took forty years for the United States government to honor their war service and grant them Veteran Status. The article also discusses the Veteran's Memorial Service and their goal to inform people on the achievements of the Merchant Mariners as the number of those who served in World War II diminishes. \nThe following letters were written by Dae D. Baird, Jr. during his voyage from May to November of 1944 on the SS William Bradford, a Liberty Ship. Baird served as a Purser in the Merchant Marine. His duties, while focusing primarily on various paperwork including port entry procedures and the ship's payroll, also included the duties of the Pharmicist's Mate, treating minor troubles for the crew such as cuts, fevers, seasickness, and constipation. As Purser, he interacted with a large percentage of the somewhat diverse Merchant Marine and U.S. Navy Armed Guard crew and remarked on his opinions of the different \ncharacters on board. The letters were written to his wife, Evelyn E. Baird, back home in Memphis, Tennessee. At the start of his voyage in May, Evelyn was pregnant with their son, and gave birth to him later during Dae Baird's voyage. For about a month Baird did not know any details of the birth, although he attempted to get information via a cablegram from the Red Cross. \nThe SS William Bradford sailed from Norfolk, Virginia in an initial convoy of 131 ships, including 97 freighters and tankers, 25 Landing Craft, and their escort of 3 Destroyers and 6 Destroyer Escorts. The ship's cargo consisted of ammunition and crated airplane engines to be unloaded at Bandar Shahpur in Iran. From there the cargo would be shipped to the U.S.S.R. via the Trans-Iranian railroad. Parts of the convoy the William Bradford sailed in left for various destinations, a large portion departing to Sicily and Italy, and other ships in a later convoy peeled off towards India. \nFrom Norfolk, the convoy sailed across the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea, through the Straights of Gibraltar and across the North African Coast, passing locations such as Oran, Tunis, Algiers, Bizerte, Malta, Cyrenica, Derma, Tobruk, and Alexandria, before stopping at Port Said at the entrance of the Suez Canal. Stopping again briefly at Suez before entering the Red Sea, the crew were not allowed shore leave on account of the Black Plague. The SS William Bradford sailed out of convoy in the Red Sea and halted at the port of Aden, where they were given only limited shore leave and were not allowed to swim due to the danger of sharks. Here they rejoined a convoy in the Arabian Sea, continuing through the Gulf of Oman to Bandar Shahpur in the Persian Gulf. \nThe weather here was extremely hot, and apparently Bandar Shahpur was considered one of the hottest places in the world. Baird was compelled to sleep on deck instead of his quarters, which were poorly ventilated due to blackout restrictions. Their ship almost ran aground in shallow water while trying to find the entrance to the port. Their cargo, unloaded by natives under U.S. Army supervision, took almost three weeks to unload, and the only source of entertainment for Baird was in the U.S. Army garrison located there. Their cargo finally unloaded, the ship stopped briefly at Bahrein Island to refuel, and then left the Persian Gulf, entering the Indian Ocean. Rounding Africa, they passed by Madagascar and eventually stopped at Durban, South Africa, and again at Capetown, South Africa for 16 days to repair their refrigeration unit. Baird was able to go ashore and see the sights in both Durban and South Africa. \nThe SS William Bradford then crossed the South Atlantic, stopping at Buenos Aires, Argentina to pick up a cargo of shelled corn. The ship then traveled north, stopping at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and Port of Spain, Trinidad. At Trinidad, Baird had to sign off and pay off an injured crew member, leaving him stranded to get back home by himself. From Trinidad, the ship traversed the Caribbean Sea out of convoy through the Windward Passage between Haiti and Cuba, traveled up the Eastern Coast starting at Florida, and finally returned to New York. \nDuring his voyage, Baird frequently writes about the weather, which for most of the voyage was relatively fair, with the exception of the extreme heat in the Red Sea, Persian Gulf, and Indian Oceans, and summer monsoons encountered in those areas. After fair weather, Baird had to catch up since it was too difficult to use a typewriter with the ship rolling in bad weather. Other than his \nPurser duties, Baird and other crew members did many things to pass the time. Baird began reading his first book, \"Men of Albermarle\", and other crew members frequently read books and magazines. The crew played games, and gambled with various games such as dice and card games like four-headed cribbage. They listened to the radio for programs from Allied Expeditionary Stations (AES) such as programs with singer Guy Lombardo, as well as news from the BBC and other broadcast sources. During their voyage the crew heard about the Fall of Rome, the D-Day Invasion of Normandy, the July assassination attempt on Hitler, and other historic events. In some ports, Baird and others were able to see movies, such as \"Wild West\", \"Bomber's Moon\", \"True to Life\", \"Swing Fever\", and \"White Savage.\" Also of note is an initiation for crew members passing south of the Equator which Baird participated in, and a V-lock style haircut that was popular among the crew. \nAlthough Baird wrote many letters to his wife, he was only able to mail three of them during his voyage. Few of the ports he stopped at had reliable mail service, and letters to and from his wife took a long time to be delivered. However, these letters survive as Baird's account of his voyage and his proof of his devotion to his wife during that time in 1944. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"names_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Baird, Dae D., Jr., 1918-2016"],"corpname_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Baird, Dae D., Jr., 1918-2016"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":4,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"caafc6b8db90f2f2957ce126","timestamp":"2026-07-10T08:14:20.165Z","scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains papers pertaining to Ensign Dae D. Baird, Jr. and his experiences as a Merchant Marine during World War II.The papers include photographs, letters, speeches, biographical articles, and military documents.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Dae D. Baird, Jr. collection pertains to the service of Ensign Dae D. Baird, Jr. in the United States Merchant Marines from June 1943 until 1946, as a Purser. Consisting of copies of photographs, records of medals, and articles on the Merchant Marine and Mr. Baird's experiences during World War II, the collection provides insight into the experiences of a Merchant Mariner. In his brief account on the war, \"Unusual and Rare World War II Experiences,\" Mr. Baird describes his experiences aboard the SS William Bradford as it carried ammunition and airplane engines to Russia via the Trans-Iranian Railroad. Having traveled across the Atlantic, the Mediterranean and down the coast of Africa to Capetown, the account details the dangers onboard Merchant ships, including the need for blackouts and the use of barrage balloons. Other details discussed include Italian fleets using firewood as fuel, the emergence of the Black Plague in the city of Suez, sightings of whales and albatrosses, the conversion of ships into hospital ships, and initiations for crossing the Equator. The collection includes a photograph of three medals: the Atlantic War Zone, the Mediterranean-Middle East War Zone, and the World War II. Documentation for a medal from the Russian government shows the medal, a certificate, and a letter about the medal. The medal commemorates the fiftieth anniversary of the victory in the Great Patriot War and is for Mr. Baird's brave service. The accompanying certificate is signed by Boris Yeltsin, the Russian president at the time. Also included are copies of his Honorable Discharge certificate from the United States Coast Guard, dated August 6, 1945, and his World War II Honoree certificate. Copies of photographs show Mr. Baird in his uniform, during the war, and one at his ninetieth birthday. \nThere are two brief articles on the Merchant Marine written by Mr. Baird. The article, \"World War II, Merchant Marine Review,\" discusses the high casualty rate and involvement in the invasions of North Africa, Sicily, Salerno, Anzio, Southern France, Normandy, Iwo Jima, and Guadalcanal. The Merchant Seamen continued to be under attack by Japanese forces following \"Victory over Japan Day.\" The article includes quotes from General Douglas MacArthur and President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. The quotes exhibit the high esteem in which the two men held the Merchant Mariners for their service in \"every theater of operation\" while performing such a dangerous job for the Allies. The other article, \"More Information about the Merchant Marine,\" is about the recognition deserved by Merchant Seamen and how it took forty years for the United States government to honor their war service and grant them Veteran Status. The article also discusses the Veteran's Memorial Service and their goal to inform people on the achievements of the Merchant Mariners as the number of those who served in World War II diminishes. \nThe following letters were written by Dae D. Baird, Jr. during his voyage from May to November of 1944 on the SS William Bradford, a Liberty Ship. Baird served as a Purser in the Merchant Marine. His duties, while focusing primarily on various paperwork including port entry procedures and the ship's payroll, also included the duties of the Pharmicist's Mate, treating minor troubles for the crew such as cuts, fevers, seasickness, and constipation. As Purser, he interacted with a large percentage of the somewhat diverse Merchant Marine and U.S. Navy Armed Guard crew and remarked on his opinions of the different \ncharacters on board. The letters were written to his wife, Evelyn E. Baird, back home in Memphis, Tennessee. At the start of his voyage in May, Evelyn was pregnant with their son, and gave birth to him later during Dae Baird's voyage. For about a month Baird did not know any details of the birth, although he attempted to get information via a cablegram from the Red Cross. \nThe SS William Bradford sailed from Norfolk, Virginia in an initial convoy of 131 ships, including 97 freighters and tankers, 25 Landing Craft, and their escort of 3 Destroyers and 6 Destroyer Escorts. The ship's cargo consisted of ammunition and crated airplane engines to be unloaded at Bandar Shahpur in Iran. From there the cargo would be shipped to the U.S.S.R. via the Trans-Iranian railroad. Parts of the convoy the William Bradford sailed in left for various destinations, a large portion departing to Sicily and Italy, and other ships in a later convoy peeled off towards India. \nFrom Norfolk, the convoy sailed across the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea, through the Straights of Gibraltar and across the North African Coast, passing locations such as Oran, Tunis, Algiers, Bizerte, Malta, Cyrenica, Derma, Tobruk, and Alexandria, before stopping at Port Said at the entrance of the Suez Canal. Stopping again briefly at Suez before entering the Red Sea, the crew were not allowed shore leave on account of the Black Plague. The SS William Bradford sailed out of convoy in the Red Sea and halted at the port of Aden, where they were given only limited shore leave and were not allowed to swim due to the danger of sharks. Here they rejoined a convoy in the Arabian Sea, continuing through the Gulf of Oman to Bandar Shahpur in the Persian Gulf. \nThe weather here was extremely hot, and apparently Bandar Shahpur was considered one of the hottest places in the world. Baird was compelled to sleep on deck instead of his quarters, which were poorly ventilated due to blackout restrictions. Their ship almost ran aground in shallow water while trying to find the entrance to the port. Their cargo, unloaded by natives under U.S. Army supervision, took almost three weeks to unload, and the only source of entertainment for Baird was in the U.S. Army garrison located there. Their cargo finally unloaded, the ship stopped briefly at Bahrein Island to refuel, and then left the Persian Gulf, entering the Indian Ocean. Rounding Africa, they passed by Madagascar and eventually stopped at Durban, South Africa, and again at Capetown, South Africa for 16 days to repair their refrigeration unit. Baird was able to go ashore and see the sights in both Durban and South Africa. \nThe SS William Bradford then crossed the South Atlantic, stopping at Buenos Aires, Argentina to pick up a cargo of shelled corn. The ship then traveled north, stopping at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and Port of Spain, Trinidad. At Trinidad, Baird had to sign off and pay off an injured crew member, leaving him stranded to get back home by himself. From Trinidad, the ship traversed the Caribbean Sea out of convoy through the Windward Passage between Haiti and Cuba, traveled up the Eastern Coast starting at Florida, and finally returned to New York. \nDuring his voyage, Baird frequently writes about the weather, which for most of the voyage was relatively fair, with the exception of the extreme heat in the Red Sea, Persian Gulf, and Indian Oceans, and summer monsoons encountered in those areas. After fair weather, Baird had to catch up since it was too difficult to use a typewriter with the ship rolling in bad weather. Other than his \nPurser duties, Baird and other crew members did many things to pass the time. Baird began reading his first book, \"Men of Albermarle\", and other crew members frequently read books and magazines. The crew played games, and gambled with various games such as dice and card games like four-headed cribbage. They listened to the radio for programs from Allied Expeditionary Stations (AES) such as programs with singer Guy Lombardo, as well as news from the BBC and other broadcast sources. During their voyage the crew heard about the Fall of Rome, the D-Day Invasion of Normandy, the July assassination attempt on Hitler, and other historic events. In some ports, Baird and others were able to see movies, such as \"Wild West\", \"Bomber's Moon\", \"True to Life\", \"Swing Fever\", and \"White Savage.\" Also of note is an initiation for crew members passing south of the Equator which Baird participated in, and a V-lock style haircut that was popular among the crew. \nAlthough Baird wrote many letters to his wife, he was only able to mail three of them during his voyage. Few of the ports he stopped at had reliable mail service, and letters to and from his wife took a long time to be delivered. However, these letters survive as Baird's account of his voyage and his proof of his devotion to his wife during that time in 1944. \u003c/p\u003e"],"collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"caafc6b8db90f2f2957ce126","title_filing_ssi":"Baird, Dae D., Jr. papers","title_ssm":["Dae D. Baird, Jr. papers"],"title_tesim":["Dae D. Baird, Jr. papers"],"ead_ssi":"caafc6b8db90f2f2957ce126","unitdate_ssm":["1944-2009","Date acquired: 11/20/2009"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1944-2009"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 11/20/2009"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["09.0169","/repositories/10/resources/468"],"text":["09.0169","/repositories/10/resources/468","Dae D. Baird, Jr. papers, 1944-2009, Date acquired: 11/20/2009","Merchant marine--Egypt--History.","Merchant marine--Italy--History.","Merchant marine--Persian Gulf Region--History.","Merchant mariners--History","Merchant marine--United States","Merchant marine--Officers","Merchant mariners--United States","Merchant marine--Records and correspondence.","Merchant marine Safety regulations","World War, 1939-1945--Naval operations","This collection is open to all researchers.","Creator","Ensign Dae D. Baird, Jr. was a Merchant Marine Purser during World War II. While serving, Baird also served as the pharmacist aboard the SS William Bradford. After leaving his pregnant wife in Tennessee, Baird traveled across the ocean through the Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea, and into the Persian Gulf. The SS William Bradford also took Baird into the Indian Ocean, about the coast of Africa, back towards South America, and then returned home to New York. In his letters, Baird speaks mostly of the weather; he is very vague about the actual War. He does speak in detail about the blackout regulations and the safety aboard the ship. For his services, Baird was rewarded multiple medals including: The Atlantic War Zone, The World War II, and the Mediterranean-Middle East War Zone. 50 years after the war, Baird received an award from Russia for his services in the Great Patriot War. Baird spoke at many memorials and documented many of his experiences as a Merchant Marine in articles on the War. Baird is still alive.","Note written by Hannah Shapiro","Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022.","This collection contains papers pertaining to Ensign Dae D. Baird, Jr. and his experiences as a Merchant Marine during World War II.The papers include photographs, letters, speeches, biographical articles, and military documents.","The Dae D. Baird, Jr. collection pertains to the service of Ensign Dae D. Baird, Jr. in the United States Merchant Marines from June 1943 until 1946, as a Purser. Consisting of copies of photographs, records of medals, and articles on the Merchant Marine and Mr. Baird's experiences during World War II, the collection provides insight into the experiences of a Merchant Mariner. In his brief account on the war, \"Unusual and Rare World War II Experiences,\" Mr. Baird describes his experiences aboard the SS William Bradford as it carried ammunition and airplane engines to Russia via the Trans-Iranian Railroad. Having traveled across the Atlantic, the Mediterranean and down the coast of Africa to Capetown, the account details the dangers onboard Merchant ships, including the need for blackouts and the use of barrage balloons. Other details discussed include Italian fleets using firewood as fuel, the emergence of the Black Plague in the city of Suez, sightings of whales and albatrosses, the conversion of ships into hospital ships, and initiations for crossing the Equator. The collection includes a photograph of three medals: the Atlantic War Zone, the Mediterranean-Middle East War Zone, and the World War II. Documentation for a medal from the Russian government shows the medal, a certificate, and a letter about the medal. The medal commemorates the fiftieth anniversary of the victory in the Great Patriot War and is for Mr. Baird's brave service. The accompanying certificate is signed by Boris Yeltsin, the Russian president at the time. Also included are copies of his Honorable Discharge certificate from the United States Coast Guard, dated August 6, 1945, and his World War II Honoree certificate. Copies of photographs show Mr. Baird in his uniform, during the war, and one at his ninetieth birthday. \nThere are two brief articles on the Merchant Marine written by Mr. Baird. The article, \"World War II, Merchant Marine Review,\" discusses the high casualty rate and involvement in the invasions of North Africa, Sicily, Salerno, Anzio, Southern France, Normandy, Iwo Jima, and Guadalcanal. The Merchant Seamen continued to be under attack by Japanese forces following \"Victory over Japan Day.\" The article includes quotes from General Douglas MacArthur and President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. The quotes exhibit the high esteem in which the two men held the Merchant Mariners for their service in \"every theater of operation\" while performing such a dangerous job for the Allies. The other article, \"More Information about the Merchant Marine,\" is about the recognition deserved by Merchant Seamen and how it took forty years for the United States government to honor their war service and grant them Veteran Status. The article also discusses the Veteran's Memorial Service and their goal to inform people on the achievements of the Merchant Mariners as the number of those who served in World War II diminishes. \nThe following letters were written by Dae D. Baird, Jr. during his voyage from May to November of 1944 on the SS William Bradford, a Liberty Ship. Baird served as a Purser in the Merchant Marine. His duties, while focusing primarily on various paperwork including port entry procedures and the ship's payroll, also included the duties of the Pharmicist's Mate, treating minor troubles for the crew such as cuts, fevers, seasickness, and constipation. As Purser, he interacted with a large percentage of the somewhat diverse Merchant Marine and U.S. Navy Armed Guard crew and remarked on his opinions of the different \ncharacters on board. The letters were written to his wife, Evelyn E. Baird, back home in Memphis, Tennessee. At the start of his voyage in May, Evelyn was pregnant with their son, and gave birth to him later during Dae Baird's voyage. For about a month Baird did not know any details of the birth, although he attempted to get information via a cablegram from the Red Cross. \nThe SS William Bradford sailed from Norfolk, Virginia in an initial convoy of 131 ships, including 97 freighters and tankers, 25 Landing Craft, and their escort of 3 Destroyers and 6 Destroyer Escorts. The ship's cargo consisted of ammunition and crated airplane engines to be unloaded at Bandar Shahpur in Iran. From there the cargo would be shipped to the U.S.S.R. via the Trans-Iranian railroad. Parts of the convoy the William Bradford sailed in left for various destinations, a large portion departing to Sicily and Italy, and other ships in a later convoy peeled off towards India. \nFrom Norfolk, the convoy sailed across the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea, through the Straights of Gibraltar and across the North African Coast, passing locations such as Oran, Tunis, Algiers, Bizerte, Malta, Cyrenica, Derma, Tobruk, and Alexandria, before stopping at Port Said at the entrance of the Suez Canal. Stopping again briefly at Suez before entering the Red Sea, the crew were not allowed shore leave on account of the Black Plague. The SS William Bradford sailed out of convoy in the Red Sea and halted at the port of Aden, where they were given only limited shore leave and were not allowed to swim due to the danger of sharks. Here they rejoined a convoy in the Arabian Sea, continuing through the Gulf of Oman to Bandar Shahpur in the Persian Gulf. \nThe weather here was extremely hot, and apparently Bandar Shahpur was considered one of the hottest places in the world. Baird was compelled to sleep on deck instead of his quarters, which were poorly ventilated due to blackout restrictions. Their ship almost ran aground in shallow water while trying to find the entrance to the port. Their cargo, unloaded by natives under U.S. Army supervision, took almost three weeks to unload, and the only source of entertainment for Baird was in the U.S. Army garrison located there. Their cargo finally unloaded, the ship stopped briefly at Bahrein Island to refuel, and then left the Persian Gulf, entering the Indian Ocean. Rounding Africa, they passed by Madagascar and eventually stopped at Durban, South Africa, and again at Capetown, South Africa for 16 days to repair their refrigeration unit. Baird was able to go ashore and see the sights in both Durban and South Africa. \nThe SS William Bradford then crossed the South Atlantic, stopping at Buenos Aires, Argentina to pick up a cargo of shelled corn. The ship then traveled north, stopping at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and Port of Spain, Trinidad. At Trinidad, Baird had to sign off and pay off an injured crew member, leaving him stranded to get back home by himself. From Trinidad, the ship traversed the Caribbean Sea out of convoy through the Windward Passage between Haiti and Cuba, traveled up the Eastern Coast starting at Florida, and finally returned to New York. \nDuring his voyage, Baird frequently writes about the weather, which for most of the voyage was relatively fair, with the exception of the extreme heat in the Red Sea, Persian Gulf, and Indian Oceans, and summer monsoons encountered in those areas. After fair weather, Baird had to catch up since it was too difficult to use a typewriter with the ship rolling in bad weather. Other than his \nPurser duties, Baird and other crew members did many things to pass the time. Baird began reading his first book, \"Men of Albermarle\", and other crew members frequently read books and magazines. The crew played games, and gambled with various games such as dice and card games like four-headed cribbage. They listened to the radio for programs from Allied Expeditionary Stations (AES) such as programs with singer Guy Lombardo, as well as news from the BBC and other broadcast sources. During their voyage the crew heard about the Fall of Rome, the D-Day Invasion of Normandy, the July assassination attempt on Hitler, and other historic events. In some ports, Baird and others were able to see movies, such as \"Wild West\", \"Bomber's Moon\", \"True to Life\", \"Swing Fever\", and \"White Savage.\" Also of note is an initiation for crew members passing south of the Equator which Baird participated in, and a V-lock style haircut that was popular among the crew. \nAlthough Baird wrote many letters to his wife, he was only able to mail three of them during his voyage. Few of the ports he stopped at had reliable mail service, and letters to and from his wife took a long time to be delivered. However, these letters survive as Baird's account of his voyage and his proof of his devotion to his wife during that time in 1944. ","All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.","FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Baird, Dae D., Jr., 1918-2016","English"],"unitid_tesim":["09.0169","/repositories/10/resources/468"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1944-2009, Date acquired: 11/20/2009"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Dae D. Baird, Jr. papers, 1944-2009, Date acquired: 11/20/2009"],"collection_title_tesim":["Dae D. Baird, Jr. papers, 1944-2009, Date acquired: 11/20/2009"],"collection_ssim":["Dae D. Baird, Jr. papers, 1944-2009, Date acquired: 11/20/2009"],"repository_ssm":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Merchant marine--Egypt--History.","Merchant marine--Italy--History.","Merchant marine--Persian Gulf Region--History."],"geogname_ssim":["Merchant marine--Egypt--History.","Merchant marine--Italy--History.","Merchant marine--Persian Gulf Region--History."],"creator_ssm":["Baird, Dae D., Jr., 1918-2016"],"creator_ssim":["Baird, Dae D., Jr., 1918-2016"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Baird, Dae D., Jr., 1918-2016"],"creators_ssim":["Baird, Dae D., Jr., 1918-2016"],"places_ssim":["Merchant marine--Egypt--History.","Merchant marine--Italy--History.","Merchant marine--Persian Gulf Region--History."],"access_terms_ssm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Dae Dominic Baird Jr.","Donation"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Merchant mariners--History","Merchant marine--United States","Merchant marine--Officers","Merchant mariners--United States","Merchant marine--Records and correspondence.","Merchant marine Safety regulations","World War, 1939-1945--Naval operations"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Merchant mariners--History","Merchant marine--United States","Merchant marine--Officers","Merchant mariners--United States","Merchant marine--Records and correspondence.","Merchant marine Safety regulations","World War, 1939-1945--Naval operations"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4 folders"],"extent_tesim":["4 folders"],"date_range_isim":[1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to all researchers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to all researchers."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCreator\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["Creator"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEnsign Dae D. Baird, Jr. was a Merchant Marine Purser during World War II. While serving, Baird also served as the pharmacist aboard the SS William Bradford. After leaving his pregnant wife in Tennessee, Baird traveled across the ocean through the Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea, and into the Persian Gulf. The SS William Bradford also took Baird into the Indian Ocean, about the coast of Africa, back towards South America, and then returned home to New York. In his letters, Baird speaks mostly of the weather; he is very vague about the actual War. He does speak in detail about the blackout regulations and the safety aboard the ship. For his services, Baird was rewarded multiple medals including: The Atlantic War Zone, The World War II, and the Mediterranean-Middle East War Zone. 50 years after the war, Baird received an award from Russia for his services in the Great Patriot War. Baird spoke at many memorials and documented many of his experiences as a Merchant Marine in articles on the War. Baird is still alive.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Hannah Shapiro\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Ensign Dae D. Baird, Jr. was a Merchant Marine Purser during World War II. While serving, Baird also served as the pharmacist aboard the SS William Bradford. After leaving his pregnant wife in Tennessee, Baird traveled across the ocean through the Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea, and into the Persian Gulf. The SS William Bradford also took Baird into the Indian Ocean, about the coast of Africa, back towards South America, and then returned home to New York. In his letters, Baird speaks mostly of the weather; he is very vague about the actual War. He does speak in detail about the blackout regulations and the safety aboard the ship. For his services, Baird was rewarded multiple medals including: The Atlantic War Zone, The World War II, and the Mediterranean-Middle East War Zone. 50 years after the war, Baird received an award from Russia for his services in the Great Patriot War. Baird spoke at many memorials and documented many of his experiences as a Merchant Marine in articles on the War. Baird is still alive.","Note written by Hannah Shapiro"],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTransferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives in July 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], Dae D. Baird, Jr. papers, Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_09_0169\"\u003ehttp://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_09_0169\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], Dae D. Baird, Jr. papers, Special Collections \u0026 Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida.  http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_09_0169 ."],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains papers pertaining to Ensign Dae D. Baird, Jr. and his experiences as a Merchant Marine during World War II.The papers include photographs, letters, speeches, biographical articles, and military documents.","The Dae D. Baird, Jr. collection pertains to the service of Ensign Dae D. Baird, Jr. in the United States Merchant Marines from June 1943 until 1946, as a Purser. Consisting of copies of photographs, records of medals, and articles on the Merchant Marine and Mr. Baird's experiences during World War II, the collection provides insight into the experiences of a Merchant Mariner. In his brief account on the war, \"Unusual and Rare World War II Experiences,\" Mr. Baird describes his experiences aboard the SS William Bradford as it carried ammunition and airplane engines to Russia via the Trans-Iranian Railroad. Having traveled across the Atlantic, the Mediterranean and down the coast of Africa to Capetown, the account details the dangers onboard Merchant ships, including the need for blackouts and the use of barrage balloons. Other details discussed include Italian fleets using firewood as fuel, the emergence of the Black Plague in the city of Suez, sightings of whales and albatrosses, the conversion of ships into hospital ships, and initiations for crossing the Equator. The collection includes a photograph of three medals: the Atlantic War Zone, the Mediterranean-Middle East War Zone, and the World War II. Documentation for a medal from the Russian government shows the medal, a certificate, and a letter about the medal. The medal commemorates the fiftieth anniversary of the victory in the Great Patriot War and is for Mr. Baird's brave service. The accompanying certificate is signed by Boris Yeltsin, the Russian president at the time. Also included are copies of his Honorable Discharge certificate from the United States Coast Guard, dated August 6, 1945, and his World War II Honoree certificate. Copies of photographs show Mr. Baird in his uniform, during the war, and one at his ninetieth birthday. \nThere are two brief articles on the Merchant Marine written by Mr. Baird. The article, \"World War II, Merchant Marine Review,\" discusses the high casualty rate and involvement in the invasions of North Africa, Sicily, Salerno, Anzio, Southern France, Normandy, Iwo Jima, and Guadalcanal. The Merchant Seamen continued to be under attack by Japanese forces following \"Victory over Japan Day.\" The article includes quotes from General Douglas MacArthur and President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. The quotes exhibit the high esteem in which the two men held the Merchant Mariners for their service in \"every theater of operation\" while performing such a dangerous job for the Allies. The other article, \"More Information about the Merchant Marine,\" is about the recognition deserved by Merchant Seamen and how it took forty years for the United States government to honor their war service and grant them Veteran Status. The article also discusses the Veteran's Memorial Service and their goal to inform people on the achievements of the Merchant Mariners as the number of those who served in World War II diminishes. \nThe following letters were written by Dae D. Baird, Jr. during his voyage from May to November of 1944 on the SS William Bradford, a Liberty Ship. Baird served as a Purser in the Merchant Marine. His duties, while focusing primarily on various paperwork including port entry procedures and the ship's payroll, also included the duties of the Pharmicist's Mate, treating minor troubles for the crew such as cuts, fevers, seasickness, and constipation. As Purser, he interacted with a large percentage of the somewhat diverse Merchant Marine and U.S. Navy Armed Guard crew and remarked on his opinions of the different \ncharacters on board. The letters were written to his wife, Evelyn E. Baird, back home in Memphis, Tennessee. At the start of his voyage in May, Evelyn was pregnant with their son, and gave birth to him later during Dae Baird's voyage. For about a month Baird did not know any details of the birth, although he attempted to get information via a cablegram from the Red Cross. \nThe SS William Bradford sailed from Norfolk, Virginia in an initial convoy of 131 ships, including 97 freighters and tankers, 25 Landing Craft, and their escort of 3 Destroyers and 6 Destroyer Escorts. The ship's cargo consisted of ammunition and crated airplane engines to be unloaded at Bandar Shahpur in Iran. From there the cargo would be shipped to the U.S.S.R. via the Trans-Iranian railroad. Parts of the convoy the William Bradford sailed in left for various destinations, a large portion departing to Sicily and Italy, and other ships in a later convoy peeled off towards India. \nFrom Norfolk, the convoy sailed across the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea, through the Straights of Gibraltar and across the North African Coast, passing locations such as Oran, Tunis, Algiers, Bizerte, Malta, Cyrenica, Derma, Tobruk, and Alexandria, before stopping at Port Said at the entrance of the Suez Canal. Stopping again briefly at Suez before entering the Red Sea, the crew were not allowed shore leave on account of the Black Plague. The SS William Bradford sailed out of convoy in the Red Sea and halted at the port of Aden, where they were given only limited shore leave and were not allowed to swim due to the danger of sharks. Here they rejoined a convoy in the Arabian Sea, continuing through the Gulf of Oman to Bandar Shahpur in the Persian Gulf. \nThe weather here was extremely hot, and apparently Bandar Shahpur was considered one of the hottest places in the world. Baird was compelled to sleep on deck instead of his quarters, which were poorly ventilated due to blackout restrictions. Their ship almost ran aground in shallow water while trying to find the entrance to the port. Their cargo, unloaded by natives under U.S. Army supervision, took almost three weeks to unload, and the only source of entertainment for Baird was in the U.S. Army garrison located there. Their cargo finally unloaded, the ship stopped briefly at Bahrein Island to refuel, and then left the Persian Gulf, entering the Indian Ocean. Rounding Africa, they passed by Madagascar and eventually stopped at Durban, South Africa, and again at Capetown, South Africa for 16 days to repair their refrigeration unit. Baird was able to go ashore and see the sights in both Durban and South Africa. \nThe SS William Bradford then crossed the South Atlantic, stopping at Buenos Aires, Argentina to pick up a cargo of shelled corn. The ship then traveled north, stopping at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and Port of Spain, Trinidad. At Trinidad, Baird had to sign off and pay off an injured crew member, leaving him stranded to get back home by himself. From Trinidad, the ship traversed the Caribbean Sea out of convoy through the Windward Passage between Haiti and Cuba, traveled up the Eastern Coast starting at Florida, and finally returned to New York. \nDuring his voyage, Baird frequently writes about the weather, which for most of the voyage was relatively fair, with the exception of the extreme heat in the Red Sea, Persian Gulf, and Indian Oceans, and summer monsoons encountered in those areas. After fair weather, Baird had to catch up since it was too difficult to use a typewriter with the ship rolling in bad weather. Other than his \nPurser duties, Baird and other crew members did many things to pass the time. Baird began reading his first book, \"Men of Albermarle\", and other crew members frequently read books and magazines. The crew played games, and gambled with various games such as dice and card games like four-headed cribbage. They listened to the radio for programs from Allied Expeditionary Stations (AES) such as programs with singer Guy Lombardo, as well as news from the BBC and other broadcast sources. During their voyage the crew heard about the Fall of Rome, the D-Day Invasion of Normandy, the July assassination attempt on Hitler, and other historic events. In some ports, Baird and others were able to see movies, such as \"Wild West\", \"Bomber's Moon\", \"True to Life\", \"Swing Fever\", and \"White Savage.\" Also of note is an initiation for crew members passing south of the Equator which Baird participated in, and a V-lock style haircut that was popular among the crew. \nAlthough Baird wrote many letters to his wife, he was only able to mail three of them during his voyage. Few of the ports he stopped at had reliable mail service, and letters to and from his wife took a long time to be delivered. However, these letters survive as Baird's account of his voyage and his proof of his devotion to his wife during that time in 1944. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"names_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Baird, Dae D., Jr., 1918-2016"],"corpname_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Baird, Dae D., Jr., 1918-2016"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":4,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"caafc6b8db90f2f2957ce126","timestamp":"2026-07-10T08:14:20.165Z","scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains papers pertaining to Ensign Dae D. Baird, Jr. and his experiences as a Merchant Marine during World War II.The papers include photographs, letters, speeches, biographical articles, and military documents.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Dae D. Baird, Jr. collection pertains to the service of Ensign Dae D. Baird, Jr. in the United States Merchant Marines from June 1943 until 1946, as a Purser. Consisting of copies of photographs, records of medals, and articles on the Merchant Marine and Mr. Baird's experiences during World War II, the collection provides insight into the experiences of a Merchant Mariner. In his brief account on the war, \"Unusual and Rare World War II Experiences,\" Mr. Baird describes his experiences aboard the SS William Bradford as it carried ammunition and airplane engines to Russia via the Trans-Iranian Railroad. Having traveled across the Atlantic, the Mediterranean and down the coast of Africa to Capetown, the account details the dangers onboard Merchant ships, including the need for blackouts and the use of barrage balloons. Other details discussed include Italian fleets using firewood as fuel, the emergence of the Black Plague in the city of Suez, sightings of whales and albatrosses, the conversion of ships into hospital ships, and initiations for crossing the Equator. The collection includes a photograph of three medals: the Atlantic War Zone, the Mediterranean-Middle East War Zone, and the World War II. Documentation for a medal from the Russian government shows the medal, a certificate, and a letter about the medal. The medal commemorates the fiftieth anniversary of the victory in the Great Patriot War and is for Mr. Baird's brave service. The accompanying certificate is signed by Boris Yeltsin, the Russian president at the time. Also included are copies of his Honorable Discharge certificate from the United States Coast Guard, dated August 6, 1945, and his World War II Honoree certificate. Copies of photographs show Mr. Baird in his uniform, during the war, and one at his ninetieth birthday. \nThere are two brief articles on the Merchant Marine written by Mr. Baird. The article, \"World War II, Merchant Marine Review,\" discusses the high casualty rate and involvement in the invasions of North Africa, Sicily, Salerno, Anzio, Southern France, Normandy, Iwo Jima, and Guadalcanal. The Merchant Seamen continued to be under attack by Japanese forces following \"Victory over Japan Day.\" The article includes quotes from General Douglas MacArthur and President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. The quotes exhibit the high esteem in which the two men held the Merchant Mariners for their service in \"every theater of operation\" while performing such a dangerous job for the Allies. The other article, \"More Information about the Merchant Marine,\" is about the recognition deserved by Merchant Seamen and how it took forty years for the United States government to honor their war service and grant them Veteran Status. The article also discusses the Veteran's Memorial Service and their goal to inform people on the achievements of the Merchant Mariners as the number of those who served in World War II diminishes. \nThe following letters were written by Dae D. Baird, Jr. during his voyage from May to November of 1944 on the SS William Bradford, a Liberty Ship. Baird served as a Purser in the Merchant Marine. His duties, while focusing primarily on various paperwork including port entry procedures and the ship's payroll, also included the duties of the Pharmicist's Mate, treating minor troubles for the crew such as cuts, fevers, seasickness, and constipation. As Purser, he interacted with a large percentage of the somewhat diverse Merchant Marine and U.S. Navy Armed Guard crew and remarked on his opinions of the different \ncharacters on board. The letters were written to his wife, Evelyn E. Baird, back home in Memphis, Tennessee. At the start of his voyage in May, Evelyn was pregnant with their son, and gave birth to him later during Dae Baird's voyage. For about a month Baird did not know any details of the birth, although he attempted to get information via a cablegram from the Red Cross. \nThe SS William Bradford sailed from Norfolk, Virginia in an initial convoy of 131 ships, including 97 freighters and tankers, 25 Landing Craft, and their escort of 3 Destroyers and 6 Destroyer Escorts. The ship's cargo consisted of ammunition and crated airplane engines to be unloaded at Bandar Shahpur in Iran. From there the cargo would be shipped to the U.S.S.R. via the Trans-Iranian railroad. Parts of the convoy the William Bradford sailed in left for various destinations, a large portion departing to Sicily and Italy, and other ships in a later convoy peeled off towards India. \nFrom Norfolk, the convoy sailed across the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea, through the Straights of Gibraltar and across the North African Coast, passing locations such as Oran, Tunis, Algiers, Bizerte, Malta, Cyrenica, Derma, Tobruk, and Alexandria, before stopping at Port Said at the entrance of the Suez Canal. Stopping again briefly at Suez before entering the Red Sea, the crew were not allowed shore leave on account of the Black Plague. The SS William Bradford sailed out of convoy in the Red Sea and halted at the port of Aden, where they were given only limited shore leave and were not allowed to swim due to the danger of sharks. Here they rejoined a convoy in the Arabian Sea, continuing through the Gulf of Oman to Bandar Shahpur in the Persian Gulf. \nThe weather here was extremely hot, and apparently Bandar Shahpur was considered one of the hottest places in the world. Baird was compelled to sleep on deck instead of his quarters, which were poorly ventilated due to blackout restrictions. Their ship almost ran aground in shallow water while trying to find the entrance to the port. Their cargo, unloaded by natives under U.S. Army supervision, took almost three weeks to unload, and the only source of entertainment for Baird was in the U.S. Army garrison located there. Their cargo finally unloaded, the ship stopped briefly at Bahrein Island to refuel, and then left the Persian Gulf, entering the Indian Ocean. Rounding Africa, they passed by Madagascar and eventually stopped at Durban, South Africa, and again at Capetown, South Africa for 16 days to repair their refrigeration unit. Baird was able to go ashore and see the sights in both Durban and South Africa. \nThe SS William Bradford then crossed the South Atlantic, stopping at Buenos Aires, Argentina to pick up a cargo of shelled corn. The ship then traveled north, stopping at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and Port of Spain, Trinidad. At Trinidad, Baird had to sign off and pay off an injured crew member, leaving him stranded to get back home by himself. From Trinidad, the ship traversed the Caribbean Sea out of convoy through the Windward Passage between Haiti and Cuba, traveled up the Eastern Coast starting at Florida, and finally returned to New York. \nDuring his voyage, Baird frequently writes about the weather, which for most of the voyage was relatively fair, with the exception of the extreme heat in the Red Sea, Persian Gulf, and Indian Oceans, and summer monsoons encountered in those areas. After fair weather, Baird had to catch up since it was too difficult to use a typewriter with the ship rolling in bad weather. Other than his \nPurser duties, Baird and other crew members did many things to pass the time. Baird began reading his first book, \"Men of Albermarle\", and other crew members frequently read books and magazines. The crew played games, and gambled with various games such as dice and card games like four-headed cribbage. They listened to the radio for programs from Allied Expeditionary Stations (AES) such as programs with singer Guy Lombardo, as well as news from the BBC and other broadcast sources. During their voyage the crew heard about the Fall of Rome, the D-Day Invasion of Normandy, the July assassination attempt on Hitler, and other historic events. In some ports, Baird and others were able to see movies, such as \"Wild West\", \"Bomber's Moon\", \"True to Life\", \"Swing Fever\", and \"White Savage.\" Also of note is an initiation for crew members passing south of the Equator which Baird participated in, and a V-lock style haircut that was popular among the crew. \nAlthough Baird wrote many letters to his wife, he was only able to mail three of them during his voyage. Few of the ports he stopped at had reliable mail service, and letters to and from his wife took a long time to be delivered. However, these letters survive as Baird's account of his voyage and his proof of his devotion to his wife during that time in 1944. \u003c/p\u003e"]}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/caafc6b8db90f2f2957ce126"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Michael A. 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