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Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Pacific Area","World War, 1939-1945--Pacific Ocean--Naval operations, American","Hellcat (Fighter planes)","Korean War, 1950-1953"],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Pacific Area","World War, 1939-1945--Pacific Ocean--Naval operations, American","Hellcat (Fighter planes)","Korean War, 1950-1953"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["1 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2021],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to all researchers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to all researchers."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBenjamin T. Leland was born on February 15, 1920 in Pittsburgh, PA. He graduated with a B.S. in Civil Engineering from Union College in 1942. Before enlisting in the U.S. Navy, he worked as an Instrument man on a survey party for the Naval Supply Depot, Scotia, N.Y.  Leland entered the U.S. Navy in November 1942 and was selected for flight training. He attended pre-flight training at University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, N.C. He received additional training at Glenview Naval Air Station, Glenview, IL, and Corpus Christi, TX. After flight training, Leland was stationed at Cecil Otis Field and Camp Edwards, MA.  In September 1944, he left San Diego, CA for the Pacific Theater of Operations and was subsequently assigned squadron VF-86 aboard the U.S.S. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eWasp\u003c/emph\u003e CV-18 flying support and bombing missions on F6F Hellcat fighters on Okinawa and Japan in 1945. Leland was released from active duty in February 1947 and worked for the Lackawanna Railroad as an engineer. In 1951, he was recalled to active duty in the U.S. Navy during the Korean War and flew missions in Korea with VF-831 on the U.S.S. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eAntietam\u003c/emph\u003e. He was again released from active service in 1953. He worked for the Douglas Corporation, Tulsa, OK as an engineer.  Leland passed away on October 27, 2016.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Benjamin T. Leland was born on February 15, 1920 in Pittsburgh, PA. He graduated with a B.S. in Civil Engineering from Union College in 1942. Before enlisting in the U.S. Navy, he worked as an Instrument man on a survey party for the Naval Supply Depot, Scotia, N.Y.  Leland entered the U.S. Navy in November 1942 and was selected for flight training. He attended pre-flight training at University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, N.C. He received additional training at Glenview Naval Air Station, Glenview, IL, and Corpus Christi, TX. After flight training, Leland was stationed at Cecil Otis Field and Camp Edwards, MA.  In September 1944, he left San Diego, CA for the Pacific Theater of Operations and was subsequently assigned squadron VF-86 aboard the U.S.S.  Wasp  CV-18 flying support and bombing missions on F6F Hellcat fighters on Okinawa and Japan in 1945. Leland was released from active duty in February 1947 and worked for the Lackawanna Railroad as an engineer. In 1951, he was recalled to active duty in the U.S. Navy during the Korean War and flew missions in Korea with VF-831 on the U.S.S.  Antietam . He was again released from active service in 1953. He worked for the Douglas Corporation, Tulsa, OK as an engineer.  Leland passed away on October 27, 2016."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTransferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives in July 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], Benjamin T. Leland collection, Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. https://purl.lib.fsu.edu/fa/02-21-2002\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], Benjamin T. Leland collection, Special Collections \u0026 Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. https://purl.lib.fsu.edu/fa/02-21-2002"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection relates to U.S. Navy Lieutenant Benjamin T. Leland who served as a fighter pilot on the U.S.S. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eWasp\u003c/emph\u003e with VF-86 Squadron during World War II in the Pacific Theater of Operations and remained in the U.S. Navy Reserves until retiring in 1964. He was recalled to active duty as a pilot during the Korean War from 1951 to 1953 and served with Squadron VF-831 on the U.S.S. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eAntietam\u003c/emph\u003e.  This collection includes Leland's oral history interview transcript, memoirs, artifacts, flight equipment, documents, Leland's U.S. Navy Flight Jacket, and photographs.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection relates to U.S. Navy Lieutenant Benjamin T. Leland who served as a fighter pilot on the U.S.S.  Wasp  with VF-86 Squadron during World War II in the Pacific Theater of Operations and remained in the U.S. Navy Reserves until retiring in 1964. He was recalled to active duty as a pilot during the Korean War from 1951 to 1953 and served with Squadron VF-831 on the U.S.S.  Antietam .  This collection includes Leland's oral history interview transcript, memoirs, artifacts, flight equipment, documents, Leland's U.S. Navy Flight Jacket, and photographs."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"names_coll_ssim":["Wasp (Aircraft carrier : CVS-18)","Leland, Benjamin T., 1920-2016"],"names_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Wasp (Aircraft carrier : CVS-18)","Leland, Benjamin T., 1920-2016"],"corpname_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Wasp (Aircraft carrier : CVS-18)"],"persname_ssim":["Leland, Benjamin T., 1920-2016"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":12,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"6056dca14b33c7e6aebaba6e","timestamp":"2026-07-11T04:56:51.609Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/6056dca14b33c7e6aebaba6e_aspace_d0d1d5031726284dedb4ebcd59eb914a"}},{"id":"4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86_aspace_e1f654f3c1a30dda178dfdf9a9be5cb1","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Bent Andresen - Bulletins/Flyers, 1944-1949","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86_aspace_e1f654f3c1a30dda178dfdf9a9be5cb1#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eFlyers and bulletins promoting religious and pacifist events and causes\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86_aspace_e1f654f3c1a30dda178dfdf9a9be5cb1#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_e1f654f3c1a30dda178dfdf9a9be5cb1","ref_ssm":["aspace_e1f654f3c1a30dda178dfdf9a9be5cb1","aspace_e1f654f3c1a30dda178dfdf9a9be5cb1"],"id":"4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86_aspace_e1f654f3c1a30dda178dfdf9a9be5cb1","title_filing_ssi":"Bent Andresen - Bulletins/Flyers","title_ssm":["Bent Andresen - Bulletins/Flyers"],"title_tesim":["Bent Andresen - Bulletins/Flyers"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1944-1949"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1944-1949"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Bent Andresen - Bulletins/Flyers, 1944-1949"],"text":["Bent Andresen - Bulletins/Flyers, 1944-1949","Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection, 1871 - 2006","Research, bulk 1871-2006","/repositories/2/archival_objects/77892","box 29","folder 11","Flyers and bulletins promoting religious and pacifist events and causes"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86","4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86_aspace_ff3bc41a85011bea5a51cdad9b65b38a"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection, 1871 - 2006","Research, bulk 1871-2006"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection, 1871 - 2006","Research, bulk 1871-2006"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/2/archival_objects/77892"],"repository_ssim":["Florida Atlantic University Libraries"],"collection_ssim":["Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection, 1871 - 2006"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":303,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collections are available for supervised use in the Special Collections reading room during regular hours or by appointment. Users are required to complete a registration form and to comply with regulations governing use. Research assistance may be available but please email or phone first to set up an appointment.","Photocopies or electronic copies of material in the collections may be provided within copyright limits but may not be ready immediately. In addition, selected materials are digitized and available electronically through the Digital Library. See less"],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Materials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. Any subsequent use of a reproduction in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement. When using electronic copies or images, please keep in mind that copyright law applies. It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder. Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact Special Collections. See less See less"],"date_range_isim":[1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949],"containers_ssim":["box 29","folder 11"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFlyers and bulletins promoting religious and pacifist events and causes\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Flyers and bulletins promoting religious and pacifist events and causes"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#301","_nest_parent_":"4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86_aspace_ff3bc41a85011bea5a51cdad9b65b38a","_root_":"4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86","timestamp":"2026-07-11T02:01:13.886Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86","title_ssm":["Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection"],"title_tesim":["Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection"],"ead_ssi":"4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86","unitdate_ssm":["1871 - 2006"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1871 - 2006"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["UAFP0012","/repositories/2/resources/203"],"text":["UAFP0012","/repositories/2/resources/203","Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection, 1871 - 2006","United States","World War, 1939-1945","University Archives","University Archives -- Faculty Papers"," Civilian Public Service -- History","World War, 1939-1945 -- Conscientious objectors -- United States","Oral history","Collections are available for supervised use in the Special Collections reading room during regular hours or by appointment. Users are required to complete a registration form and to comply with regulations governing use. Research assistance may be available but please email or phone first to set up an appointment.","Photocopies or electronic copies of material in the collections may be provided within copyright limits but may not be ready immediately. In addition, selected materials are digitized and available electronically through the Digital Library. See less","The Frazer-O'Sullivan Collection contains the research for the co- authored book, We Have Just Begun to Not Fight: An Oral History of Conscientious Objectors in the Civilian Public Service During World War II, by Heather Frazer and John O'Sullivan. More than 40,000 American men refused to fight during World War II. Citing principled opposition, they declared themselves conscientious objectors. Rejecting combat duty, nearly 12,000 men entered Civilian Public Service (CPS) with the intent to perform \"work of national importance\" as an alternative to combat duty. The CPS program was set up by members of the historic peace churches (Mennonites, Brethren, and Quakers) and participated in by pacifists from other churches, of no specific religious persuasion, and, in the case of a few, no persuasion except not to fight in that particular war. CPS men worked as aides in mental hospitals, volunteered as smoke jumpers in forest fires, and participated in grueling medical and scientific experiments.  Frazer and O'Sullivan use the oral histories of 15 CPS men and two of their wives to illuminate their experience during World War II. ","Heather T. Frazer (1940 – 2016) was a professor of history at Florida Atlantic University. In 1971, she became the first female faculty member in the FAU history department where she taught for 35 years before retiring in 2006. During her tenure, she served as Department Chair and Director of Graduate Studies. She also pioneered the study of women's history at FAU, helping establish the Women's Studies program, which is now the Center for Women, Gender and Sexuality Studies. Dr. Frazer taught courses in women's history, modern Britain and British Empire, Indian history, and oral history.","John O'Sullivan (1939-2000) was a professor of history at Florida Atlantic University. In 1971, he came to Florida Atlantic University where he served as chair of the History Department (1975-1978) and devoted his entire academic career. Dr. O'Sullivan received numerous research fellowships including the American Philosophical Society, the American Historical Association, and the Sloan Foundation. His areas of specialization were World War II, Vietnam War, Nuclear Age, the Holocaust, Peace History, Oral History and Modern American Political and Diplomatic Affairs.","Materials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. Any subsequent use of a reproduction in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement. When using electronic copies or images, please keep in mind that copyright law applies. It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder. Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact Special Collections. See less See less","Florida Atlantic University Libraries","English"],"unitid_tesim":["UAFP0012","/repositories/2/resources/203"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1871 - 2006"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection, 1871 - 2006"],"collection_title_tesim":["Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection, 1871 - 2006"],"collection_ssim":["Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection, 1871 - 2006"],"repository_ssm":["Florida Atlantic University Libraries"],"repository_ssim":["Florida Atlantic University Libraries"],"geogname_ssm":["United States"],"geogname_ssim":["United States"],"places_ssim":["United States"],"access_terms_ssm":["Materials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. Any subsequent use of a reproduction in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement. When using electronic copies or images, please keep in mind that copyright law applies. It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder. Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact Special Collections. See less See less"],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1939-1945","University Archives","University Archives -- Faculty Papers"," Civilian Public Service -- History","World War, 1939-1945 -- Conscientious objectors -- United States","Oral history"],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1939-1945","University Archives","University Archives -- Faculty Papers"," Civilian Public Service -- History","World War, 1939-1945 -- Conscientious objectors -- United States","Oral history"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["67 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["67 boxes"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollections are available for supervised use in the Special Collections reading room during regular hours or by appointment. Users are required to complete a registration form and to comply with regulations governing use. Research assistance may be available but please email or phone first to set up an appointment.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePhotocopies or electronic copies of material in the collections may be provided within copyright limits but may not be ready immediately. In addition, selected materials are digitized and available electronically through the Digital Library. See less\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collections are available for supervised use in the Special Collections reading room during regular hours or by appointment. Users are required to complete a registration form and to comply with regulations governing use. Research assistance may be available but please email or phone first to set up an appointment.","Photocopies or electronic copies of material in the collections may be provided within copyright limits but may not be ready immediately. In addition, selected materials are digitized and available electronically through the Digital Library. See less"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Frazer-O'Sullivan Collection contains the research for the co- authored book, We Have Just Begun to Not Fight: An Oral History of Conscientious Objectors in the Civilian Public Service During World War II, by Heather Frazer and John O'Sullivan. More than 40,000 American men refused to fight during World War II. Citing principled opposition, they declared themselves conscientious objectors. Rejecting combat duty, nearly 12,000 men entered Civilian Public Service (CPS) with the intent to perform \"work of national importance\" as an alternative to combat duty. The CPS program was set up by members of the historic peace churches (Mennonites, Brethren, and Quakers) and participated in by pacifists from other churches, of no specific religious persuasion, and, in the case of a few, no persuasion except not to fight in that particular war. CPS men worked as aides in mental hospitals, volunteered as smoke jumpers in forest fires, and participated in grueling medical and scientific experiments.  Frazer and O'Sullivan use the oral histories of 15 CPS men and two of their wives to illuminate their experience during World War II. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHeather T. Frazer (1940 \u0026#x2013; 2016) was a professor of history at Florida Atlantic University. In 1971, she became the first female faculty member in the FAU history department where she taught for 35 years before retiring in 2006. During her tenure, she served as Department Chair and Director of Graduate Studies. She also pioneered the study of women's history at FAU, helping establish the Women's Studies program, which is now the Center for Women, Gender and Sexuality Studies. Dr. Frazer taught courses in women's history, modern Britain and British Empire, Indian history, and oral history.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJohn O'Sullivan (1939-2000) was a professor of history at Florida Atlantic University. In 1971, he came to Florida Atlantic University where he served as chair of the History Department (1975-1978) and devoted his entire academic career. Dr. O'Sullivan received numerous research fellowships including the American Philosophical Society, the American Historical Association, and the Sloan Foundation. His areas of specialization were World War II, Vietnam War, Nuclear Age, the Holocaust, Peace History, Oral History and Modern American Political and Diplomatic Affairs.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Frazer-O'Sullivan Collection contains the research for the co- authored book, We Have Just Begun to Not Fight: An Oral History of Conscientious Objectors in the Civilian Public Service During World War II, by Heather Frazer and John O'Sullivan. More than 40,000 American men refused to fight during World War II. Citing principled opposition, they declared themselves conscientious objectors. Rejecting combat duty, nearly 12,000 men entered Civilian Public Service (CPS) with the intent to perform \"work of national importance\" as an alternative to combat duty. The CPS program was set up by members of the historic peace churches (Mennonites, Brethren, and Quakers) and participated in by pacifists from other churches, of no specific religious persuasion, and, in the case of a few, no persuasion except not to fight in that particular war. CPS men worked as aides in mental hospitals, volunteered as smoke jumpers in forest fires, and participated in grueling medical and scientific experiments.  Frazer and O'Sullivan use the oral histories of 15 CPS men and two of their wives to illuminate their experience during World War II. ","Heather T. Frazer (1940 – 2016) was a professor of history at Florida Atlantic University. In 1971, she became the first female faculty member in the FAU history department where she taught for 35 years before retiring in 2006. During her tenure, she served as Department Chair and Director of Graduate Studies. She also pioneered the study of women's history at FAU, helping establish the Women's Studies program, which is now the Center for Women, Gender and Sexuality Studies. Dr. Frazer taught courses in women's history, modern Britain and British Empire, Indian history, and oral history.","John O'Sullivan (1939-2000) was a professor of history at Florida Atlantic University. In 1971, he came to Florida Atlantic University where he served as chair of the History Department (1975-1978) and devoted his entire academic career. Dr. O'Sullivan received numerous research fellowships including the American Philosophical Society, the American Historical Association, and the Sloan Foundation. His areas of specialization were World War II, Vietnam War, Nuclear Age, the Holocaust, Peace History, Oral History and Modern American Political and Diplomatic Affairs."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. Any subsequent use of a reproduction in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement. When using electronic copies or images, please keep in mind that copyright law applies. It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder. Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact Special Collections. See less See less\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. Any subsequent use of a reproduction in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement. When using electronic copies or images, please keep in mind that copyright law applies. It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder. Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact Special Collections. 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It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder. Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact Special Collections. See less See less"],"date_range_isim":[1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949],"containers_ssim":["box 29","folder 6"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePersonal and professional correspondence and handwritten notes\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Personal and professional correspondence and handwritten notes"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#296","_nest_parent_":"4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86_aspace_ff3bc41a85011bea5a51cdad9b65b38a","_root_":"4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86","timestamp":"2026-07-11T02:01:13.886Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86","title_ssm":["Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection"],"title_tesim":["Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection"],"ead_ssi":"4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86","unitdate_ssm":["1871 - 2006"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1871 - 2006"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["UAFP0012","/repositories/2/resources/203"],"text":["UAFP0012","/repositories/2/resources/203","Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection, 1871 - 2006","United States","World War, 1939-1945","University Archives","University Archives -- Faculty Papers"," Civilian Public Service -- History","World War, 1939-1945 -- Conscientious objectors -- United States","Oral history","Collections are available for supervised use in the Special Collections reading room during regular hours or by appointment. Users are required to complete a registration form and to comply with regulations governing use. Research assistance may be available but please email or phone first to set up an appointment.","Photocopies or electronic copies of material in the collections may be provided within copyright limits but may not be ready immediately. In addition, selected materials are digitized and available electronically through the Digital Library. See less","The Frazer-O'Sullivan Collection contains the research for the co- authored book, We Have Just Begun to Not Fight: An Oral History of Conscientious Objectors in the Civilian Public Service During World War II, by Heather Frazer and John O'Sullivan. More than 40,000 American men refused to fight during World War II. Citing principled opposition, they declared themselves conscientious objectors. Rejecting combat duty, nearly 12,000 men entered Civilian Public Service (CPS) with the intent to perform \"work of national importance\" as an alternative to combat duty. The CPS program was set up by members of the historic peace churches (Mennonites, Brethren, and Quakers) and participated in by pacifists from other churches, of no specific religious persuasion, and, in the case of a few, no persuasion except not to fight in that particular war. CPS men worked as aides in mental hospitals, volunteered as smoke jumpers in forest fires, and participated in grueling medical and scientific experiments.  Frazer and O'Sullivan use the oral histories of 15 CPS men and two of their wives to illuminate their experience during World War II. ","Heather T. Frazer (1940 – 2016) was a professor of history at Florida Atlantic University. In 1971, she became the first female faculty member in the FAU history department where she taught for 35 years before retiring in 2006. During her tenure, she served as Department Chair and Director of Graduate Studies. She also pioneered the study of women's history at FAU, helping establish the Women's Studies program, which is now the Center for Women, Gender and Sexuality Studies. Dr. Frazer taught courses in women's history, modern Britain and British Empire, Indian history, and oral history.","John O'Sullivan (1939-2000) was a professor of history at Florida Atlantic University. In 1971, he came to Florida Atlantic University where he served as chair of the History Department (1975-1978) and devoted his entire academic career. Dr. O'Sullivan received numerous research fellowships including the American Philosophical Society, the American Historical Association, and the Sloan Foundation. His areas of specialization were World War II, Vietnam War, Nuclear Age, the Holocaust, Peace History, Oral History and Modern American Political and Diplomatic Affairs.","Materials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. Any subsequent use of a reproduction in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement. When using electronic copies or images, please keep in mind that copyright law applies. It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder. Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact Special Collections. See less See less","Florida Atlantic University Libraries","English"],"unitid_tesim":["UAFP0012","/repositories/2/resources/203"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1871 - 2006"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection, 1871 - 2006"],"collection_title_tesim":["Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection, 1871 - 2006"],"collection_ssim":["Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection, 1871 - 2006"],"repository_ssm":["Florida Atlantic University Libraries"],"repository_ssim":["Florida Atlantic University Libraries"],"geogname_ssm":["United States"],"geogname_ssim":["United States"],"places_ssim":["United States"],"access_terms_ssm":["Materials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). 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Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact Special Collections. See less See less"],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1939-1945","University Archives","University Archives -- Faculty Papers"," Civilian Public Service -- History","World War, 1939-1945 -- Conscientious objectors -- United States","Oral history"],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1939-1945","University Archives","University Archives -- Faculty Papers"," Civilian Public Service -- History","World War, 1939-1945 -- Conscientious objectors -- United States","Oral history"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["67 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["67 boxes"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollections are available for supervised use in the Special Collections reading room during regular hours or by appointment. Users are required to complete a registration form and to comply with regulations governing use. 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In addition, selected materials are digitized and available electronically through the Digital Library. See less"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Frazer-O'Sullivan Collection contains the research for the co- authored book, We Have Just Begun to Not Fight: An Oral History of Conscientious Objectors in the Civilian Public Service During World War II, by Heather Frazer and John O'Sullivan. More than 40,000 American men refused to fight during World War II. Citing principled opposition, they declared themselves conscientious objectors. Rejecting combat duty, nearly 12,000 men entered Civilian Public Service (CPS) with the intent to perform \"work of national importance\" as an alternative to combat duty. The CPS program was set up by members of the historic peace churches (Mennonites, Brethren, and Quakers) and participated in by pacifists from other churches, of no specific religious persuasion, and, in the case of a few, no persuasion except not to fight in that particular war. CPS men worked as aides in mental hospitals, volunteered as smoke jumpers in forest fires, and participated in grueling medical and scientific experiments.  Frazer and O'Sullivan use the oral histories of 15 CPS men and two of their wives to illuminate their experience during World War II. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHeather T. Frazer (1940 \u0026#x2013; 2016) was a professor of history at Florida Atlantic University. In 1971, she became the first female faculty member in the FAU history department where she taught for 35 years before retiring in 2006. During her tenure, she served as Department Chair and Director of Graduate Studies. She also pioneered the study of women's history at FAU, helping establish the Women's Studies program, which is now the Center for Women, Gender and Sexuality Studies. Dr. Frazer taught courses in women's history, modern Britain and British Empire, Indian history, and oral history.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJohn O'Sullivan (1939-2000) was a professor of history at Florida Atlantic University. In 1971, he came to Florida Atlantic University where he served as chair of the History Department (1975-1978) and devoted his entire academic career. Dr. O'Sullivan received numerous research fellowships including the American Philosophical Society, the American Historical Association, and the Sloan Foundation. 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The CPS program was set up by members of the historic peace churches (Mennonites, Brethren, and Quakers) and participated in by pacifists from other churches, of no specific religious persuasion, and, in the case of a few, no persuasion except not to fight in that particular war. CPS men worked as aides in mental hospitals, volunteered as smoke jumpers in forest fires, and participated in grueling medical and scientific experiments.  Frazer and O'Sullivan use the oral histories of 15 CPS men and two of their wives to illuminate their experience during World War II. ","Heather T. Frazer (1940 – 2016) was a professor of history at Florida Atlantic University. In 1971, she became the first female faculty member in the FAU history department where she taught for 35 years before retiring in 2006. During her tenure, she served as Department Chair and Director of Graduate Studies. She also pioneered the study of women's history at FAU, helping establish the Women's Studies program, which is now the Center for Women, Gender and Sexuality Studies. Dr. Frazer taught courses in women's history, modern Britain and British Empire, Indian history, and oral history.","John O'Sullivan (1939-2000) was a professor of history at Florida Atlantic University. In 1971, he came to Florida Atlantic University where he served as chair of the History Department (1975-1978) and devoted his entire academic career. Dr. O'Sullivan received numerous research fellowships including the American Philosophical Society, the American Historical Association, and the Sloan Foundation. His areas of specialization were World War II, Vietnam War, Nuclear Age, the Holocaust, Peace History, Oral History and Modern American Political and Diplomatic Affairs."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. Any subsequent use of a reproduction in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement. When using electronic copies or images, please keep in mind that copyright law applies. It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder. Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact Special Collections. See less See less\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. Any subsequent use of a reproduction in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement. When using electronic copies or images, please keep in mind that copyright law applies. It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder. Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact Special Collections. 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No Tampa content."],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["2b0d7b1d43de4208737dc561","2b0d7b1d43de4208737dc561_aspace_5610","2b0d7b1d43de4208737dc561_aspace_5611"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["USF Department of Anthropology African Americans in Florida project, 1864-1998, bulk 1930-1980","Research Materials, 1914-1998","A—Black Experience"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["USF Department of Anthropology African Americans in Florida project, 1864-1998, bulk 1930-1980","Research Materials, 1914-1998","A—Black Experience"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Box"],"unitid_ssm":["Folder 16","/repositories/2/archival_objects/110722"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["USF Department of Anthropology African Americans in Florida project, 1864-1998, bulk 1930-1980"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":18,"parent_access_terms_tesm":["None.  The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/for more information."],"date_range_isim":[1949],"containers_ssim":["box 1","folder 16"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFlorida Historical Quarterly, vol.28 no.1 [July, 1949] p.28-37.  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No Tampa content."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#0/components#15","_nest_parent_":"2b0d7b1d43de4208737dc561_aspace_5611","_root_":"2b0d7b1d43de4208737dc561","_version_":1870863217024040960,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T09:29:59.570Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"2b0d7b1d43de4208737dc561","title_ssm":["USF Department of Anthropology African Americans in Florida project"],"title_tesim":["USF Department of Anthropology African Americans in Florida project"],"ead_ssi":"2b0d7b1d43de4208737dc561","unitdate_ssm":["1864-1998","1930-1980"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1930-1980"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1864-1998"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-2009-13","/repositories/2/resources/480"],"text":["MS-2009-13","/repositories/2/resources/480","USF Department of Anthropology African Americans in Florida project, 1864-1998, bulk 1930-1980","Tampa (Fla.) -- History -- 20th century","African Americans -- Florida","Oral history","Organized into the following series:","1) Research Materials","2) Oral History Tape Transcripts","3) News Clippings","4) Photographs","5) Correspondence","6) Oversized Materials"," \nOrganized alphabetically or chronologically within each series.","This collection consists of materials gathered by the University of South Florida (USF) Department of Anthropology to support its African Americans in Florida research project (1993-1994). The project, which included a study of Central Avenue, Tampa's historic, African American business district, led to a number of public events and activities beginning in October 1994. The project was funded by the Florida Humanities Council, with additional support provided by the Tampa Bay History Center. USF Professors Susan Greenbaum, Ph.D. and Cheryl Rodriguez, Ph.D. contributed significantly to the project, along with former USF Anthropology student Geoffrey Mohlman, independent researcher Beverly Ward, and Ginger Barber. ","The majority of materials compiled for the project originally were created by and collected for the Black History of Tampa Project (1977-1978), a collaboration of the Urban League of Hillsborough County and the Hillsborough County Museum. A federally funded initiative sponsored by the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA), project was directed by Otis R. Anthony. Other members of the project included Herbert Jones, Fred Beaton, Joyce Dyer, and Shirley Smith.","published","Complete.","List of Acronyms Used in the Finding Aid","NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People)\nAAF (Army Air Forces)\nANT (Anthropology course prefix)\nHIS (History course prefix)\nWPA (Works Progress Administration)\nSMSA (Standard Modern Statistical Area)\nAME (African Methodist Episcopal [Church])","Otis R. Anthony collection, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.  ","Otis R. Anthony African Americans in Florida Oral History Project, USF Libraries Digital Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL. ","Jack B. Moore papers, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL. ","Raper, Arthur Franklin. A study of Negro life in Tampa: Made at the request of the Tampa Welfare League, the Tampa Urban League and the Tampa Young Men's Christian Association. Tampa, FL: 1927. [Also referred to as the \"Raper report\" or \"Mays report\"]","Contains oral histories, photographs, newspaper clippings, and research materials focusing on African American history in Florida between 1930 and 1980, with an emphasis on Tampa, FL.  Such topics as African American-owned businesses in Tampa, Reconstruction, segregation, and the Civil Rights era are covered.","None.  The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information.","Research materials, including photographs, newspaper clippings, and oral history interviews, compiled by the University of South Florida (USF) Department of Anthropology to support its African Americans in Florida research project (1993-1994).","USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","University of South Florida. 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Department of Anthropology"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["University of South Florida. Department of Anthropology","University of South Florida. Department of Anthropology"],"creators_ssim":["University of South Florida. Department of Anthropology","University of South Florida. Department of Anthropology"],"places_ssim":["Tampa (Fla.) -- History -- 20th century"],"access_terms_ssm":["None.  The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information."],"acqinfo_ssim":["University of South Florida Department of Anthropology","Donation"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- Florida","Oral history"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- Florida","Oral history"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["6.67 Linear Feet","17 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["6.67 Linear Feet","17 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Oral history"],"date_range_isim":[1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOrganized into the following series:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1) Research Materials\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2) Oral History Tape Transcripts\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e3) News Clippings\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e4) Photographs\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e5) Correspondence\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e6) Oversized Materials\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e \nOrganized alphabetically or chronologically within each series.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["Organized into the following series:","1) Research Materials","2) Oral History Tape Transcripts","3) News Clippings","4) Photographs","5) Correspondence","6) Oversized Materials"," \nOrganized alphabetically or chronologically within each series."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of materials gathered by the University of South Florida (USF) Department of Anthropology to support its African Americans in Florida research project (1993-1994). The project, which included a study of Central Avenue, Tampa's historic, African American business district, led to a number of public events and activities beginning in October 1994. The project was funded by the Florida Humanities Council, with additional support provided by the Tampa Bay History Center. USF Professors Susan Greenbaum, Ph.D. and Cheryl Rodriguez, Ph.D. contributed significantly to the project, along with former USF Anthropology student Geoffrey Mohlman, independent researcher Beverly Ward, and Ginger Barber. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe majority of materials compiled for the project originally were created by and collected for the Black History of Tampa Project (1977-1978), a collaboration of the Urban League of Hillsborough County and the Hillsborough County Museum. A federally funded initiative sponsored by the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA), project was directed by Otis R. Anthony. Other members of the project included Herbert Jones, Fred Beaton, Joyce Dyer, and Shirley Smith.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["This collection consists of materials gathered by the University of South Florida (USF) Department of Anthropology to support its African Americans in Florida research project (1993-1994). The project, which included a study of Central Avenue, Tampa's historic, African American business district, led to a number of public events and activities beginning in October 1994. The project was funded by the Florida Humanities Council, with additional support provided by the Tampa Bay History Center. USF Professors Susan Greenbaum, Ph.D. and Cheryl Rodriguez, Ph.D. contributed significantly to the project, along with former USF Anthropology student Geoffrey Mohlman, independent researcher Beverly Ward, and Ginger Barber. ","The majority of materials compiled for the project originally were created by and collected for the Black History of Tampa Project (1977-1978), a collaboration of the Urban League of Hillsborough County and the Hillsborough County Museum. A federally funded initiative sponsored by the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA), project was directed by Otis R. Anthony. Other members of the project included Herbert Jones, Fred Beaton, Joyce Dyer, and Shirley Smith."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003epublished\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Other Descriptive Information"],"odd_tesim":["published"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUSF Department of Anthropology African Americans in Florida Project, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["USF Department of Anthropology African Americans in Florida Project, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eComplete.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eList of Acronyms Used in the Finding Aid\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People)\nAAF (Army Air Forces)\nANT (Anthropology course prefix)\nHIS (History course prefix)\nWPA (Works Progress Administration)\nSMSA (Standard Modern Statistical Area)\nAME (African Methodist Episcopal [Church])\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Complete.","List of Acronyms Used in the Finding Aid","NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People)\nAAF (Army Air Forces)\nANT (Anthropology course prefix)\nHIS (History course prefix)\nWPA (Works Progress Administration)\nSMSA (Standard Modern Statistical Area)\nAME (African Methodist Episcopal [Church])"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOtis R. Anthony collection, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOtis R. Anthony African Americans in Florida Oral History Project, USF Libraries Digital Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJack B. Moore papers, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRaper, Arthur Franklin. A study of Negro life in Tampa: Made at the request of the Tampa Welfare League, the Tampa Urban League and the Tampa Young Men's Christian Association. Tampa, FL: 1927. [Also referred to as the \"Raper report\" or \"Mays report\"]\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Otis R. Anthony collection, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.  ","Otis R. Anthony African Americans in Florida Oral History Project, USF Libraries Digital Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL. ","Jack B. Moore papers, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL. ","Raper, Arthur Franklin. A study of Negro life in Tampa: Made at the request of the Tampa Welfare League, the Tampa Urban League and the Tampa Young Men's Christian Association. Tampa, FL: 1927. [Also referred to as the \"Raper report\" or \"Mays report\"]"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eContains oral histories, photographs, newspaper clippings, and research materials focusing on African American history in Florida between 1930 and 1980, with an emphasis on Tampa, FL.\u0026#xA0; Such topics as African American-owned businesses in Tampa, Reconstruction, segregation, and the Civil Rights era are covered.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Contains oral histories, photographs, newspaper clippings, and research materials focusing on African American history in Florida between 1930 and 1980, with an emphasis on Tampa, FL.  Such topics as African American-owned businesses in Tampa, Reconstruction, segregation, and the Civil Rights era are covered."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone.\u0026#xA0; The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright.\u0026#xA0; Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at \u003cextref href=\"http://www.copyright.gov/%C2%A0\"\u003ehttp://www.copyright.gov/\u003c/extref\u003efor more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["None.  The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ec01ca4df3d9a85533c49f326118798a\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eResearch materials, including photographs, newspaper clippings, and oral history interviews, compiled by the University of South Florida (USF) Department of Anthropology to support its African Americans in Florida research project (1993-1994).\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Research materials, including photographs, newspaper clippings, and oral history interviews, compiled by the University of South Florida (USF) Department of Anthropology to support its African Americans in Florida research project (1993-1994)."],"names_coll_ssim":["University of South Florida. Department of Anthropology"],"names_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","University of South Florida. Department of Anthropology"],"corpname_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","University of South Florida. 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The track was named in honor of one of the nation's most famous trainers, Ben White, who won numerous titles and chose Orlando as a training site in 1920. The track lost popularity as the expense to ship horses to Orlando became too great. In July 2001, the name was changed to Trotters Park. In January 10, 2002, the City of Orlando decided to close the struggling facility to convert the property into a city park."],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/41fcb0a4c4dd61a7a3fe4a91#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"41fcb0a4c4dd61a7a3fe4a91","title_ssm":["Ben White Raceway Papers"],"title_tesim":["Ben White Raceway Papers"],"ead_ssi":"41fcb0a4c4dd61a7a3fe4a91","unitdate_ssm":["1946-1978"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1946-1978"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC011","/repositories/4/resources/16"],"text":["SC011","/repositories/4/resources/16","Ben White Raceway Papers, 1946-1978","Orlando (Fla.)","Orange County (Fla.)","Harness racing","The entire collection is open for research.","Ben White Raceway was the largest training facility and winter home for champion racehorses. Located in Fairview Park, a 120-acre tract about 3 miles from downtown Orlando, the raceway was owned and maintained by the City of Orlando. The track was named in honor of one of the nation's most famous trainers, Ben White, who won numerous titles and chose Orlando as a training site in 1920. As a result of White's international reputation, the track became known as \"the colt capital of harness racing\".","\nBen White Raceway, however, lost popularity as it proved to be too expensive to ship horses to Orlando. In July 2001, the name was changed to Trotters Park at the request of Ben White's family because the track no longer had anything to do with harness racing. By January 10, 2002, the City of Orlando decided to close the already struggling facility and use the property for a city park.","Collection processed by Nadine Helm; finding aid prepared by Nadine Helm.\nMaterial is housed in one box and separated into folders by content. Directories, minutes and programs are then arranged in chronological order.","The Ben White Raceway Papers include historical background, correspondence, photographs, newspaper clippings, and directories of the many champion horses that trained at the facility throughout its 30 year existence.","Unpublished records are protected by copyright. Permission to publish quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","Ben White Raceway located on a 120- acre tract in Fairview Park, near downtown Orlando, Florida, was the largest training facility and winter home for champion racehorses. The track was named in honor of one of the nation's most famous trainers, Ben White, who won numerous titles and chose Orlando as a training site in 1920. The track lost popularity as the expense to ship horses to Orlando became too great. In July 2001, the name was changed to Trotters Park. In January 10, 2002, the City of Orlando decided to close the struggling facility to convert the property into a city park.","UCF Special Collections","Ben White Raceway","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC011","/repositories/4/resources/16"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1946-1978"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ben White Raceway Papers, 1946-1978"],"collection_title_tesim":["Ben White Raceway Papers, 1946-1978"],"collection_ssim":["Ben White Raceway Papers, 1946-1978"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Orlando (Fla.)","Orange County (Fla.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Orlando (Fla.)","Orange County (Fla.)"],"creator_ssm":["Ben White Raceway"],"creator_ssim":["Ben White Raceway"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Ben White Raceway"],"creators_ssim":["Ben White Raceway"],"places_ssim":["Orlando (Fla.)","Orange County (Fla.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished records are protected by copyright. Permission to publish quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated to the University of Central Florida Libraries during or after 1978 (CFM1978_01)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Harness racing"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Harness racing"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.50 Linear Feet 1 Box"],"extent_tesim":["0.50 Linear Feet 1 Box"],"date_range_isim":[1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBen White Raceway was the largest training facility and winter home for champion racehorses. Located in Fairview Park, a 120-acre tract about 3 miles from downtown Orlando, the raceway was owned and maintained by the City of Orlando. The track was named in honor of one of the nation's most famous trainers, Ben White, who won numerous titles and chose Orlando as a training site in 1920. As a result of White's international reputation, the track became known as \"the colt capital of harness racing\".\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nBen White Raceway, however, lost popularity as it proved to be too expensive to ship horses to Orlando. In July 2001, the name was changed to Trotters Park at the request of Ben White's family because the track no longer had anything to do with harness racing. By January 10, 2002, the City of Orlando decided to close the already struggling facility and use the property for a city park.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Ben White Raceway was the largest training facility and winter home for champion racehorses. Located in Fairview Park, a 120-acre tract about 3 miles from downtown Orlando, the raceway was owned and maintained by the City of Orlando. The track was named in honor of one of the nation's most famous trainers, Ben White, who won numerous titles and chose Orlando as a training site in 1920. As a result of White's international reputation, the track became known as \"the colt capital of harness racing\".","\nBen White Raceway, however, lost popularity as it proved to be too expensive to ship horses to Orlando. In July 2001, the name was changed to Trotters Park at the request of Ben White's family because the track no longer had anything to do with harness racing. By January 10, 2002, the City of Orlando decided to close the already struggling facility and use the property for a city park."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBen White Raceway Papers, 1946-1978, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Ben White Raceway Papers, 1946-1978, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection processed by Nadine Helm; finding aid prepared by Nadine Helm.\nMaterial is housed in one box and separated into folders by content. Directories, minutes and programs are then arranged in chronological order.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Collection processed by Nadine Helm; finding aid prepared by Nadine Helm.\nMaterial is housed in one box and separated into folders by content. Directories, minutes and programs are then arranged in chronological order."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Ben White Raceway Papers include historical background, correspondence, photographs, newspaper clippings, and directories of the many champion horses that trained at the facility throughout its 30 year existence.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Ben White Raceway Papers include historical background, correspondence, photographs, newspaper clippings, and directories of the many champion horses that trained at the facility throughout its 30 year existence."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished records are protected by copyright. Permission to publish quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished records are protected by copyright. Permission to publish quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_8606b837b4637641cac975c990db55e1\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eBen White Raceway located on a 120- acre tract in Fairview Park, near downtown Orlando, Florida, was the largest training facility and winter home for champion racehorses. The track was named in honor of one of the nation's most famous trainers, Ben White, who won numerous titles and chose Orlando as a training site in 1920. The track lost popularity as the expense to ship horses to Orlando became too great. In July 2001, the name was changed to Trotters Park. In January 10, 2002, the City of Orlando decided to close the struggling facility to convert the property into a city park.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Ben White Raceway located on a 120- acre tract in Fairview Park, near downtown Orlando, Florida, was the largest training facility and winter home for champion racehorses. The track was named in honor of one of the nation's most famous trainers, Ben White, who won numerous titles and chose Orlando as a training site in 1920. The track lost popularity as the expense to ship horses to Orlando became too great. In July 2001, the name was changed to Trotters Park. In January 10, 2002, the City of Orlando decided to close the struggling facility to convert the property into a city park."],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Ben White Raceway"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Ben White Raceway"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":12,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1874753293978173440,"_root_":"41fcb0a4c4dd61a7a3fe4a91","timestamp":"2026-08-28T08:01:06.065Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"41fcb0a4c4dd61a7a3fe4a91","title_ssm":["Ben White Raceway Papers"],"title_tesim":["Ben White Raceway Papers"],"ead_ssi":"41fcb0a4c4dd61a7a3fe4a91","unitdate_ssm":["1946-1978"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1946-1978"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC011","/repositories/4/resources/16"],"text":["SC011","/repositories/4/resources/16","Ben White Raceway Papers, 1946-1978","Orlando (Fla.)","Orange County (Fla.)","Harness racing","The entire collection is open for research.","Ben White Raceway was the largest training facility and winter home for champion racehorses. Located in Fairview Park, a 120-acre tract about 3 miles from downtown Orlando, the raceway was owned and maintained by the City of Orlando. The track was named in honor of one of the nation's most famous trainers, Ben White, who won numerous titles and chose Orlando as a training site in 1920. As a result of White's international reputation, the track became known as \"the colt capital of harness racing\".","\nBen White Raceway, however, lost popularity as it proved to be too expensive to ship horses to Orlando. In July 2001, the name was changed to Trotters Park at the request of Ben White's family because the track no longer had anything to do with harness racing. By January 10, 2002, the City of Orlando decided to close the already struggling facility and use the property for a city park.","Collection processed by Nadine Helm; finding aid prepared by Nadine Helm.\nMaterial is housed in one box and separated into folders by content. Directories, minutes and programs are then arranged in chronological order.","The Ben White Raceway Papers include historical background, correspondence, photographs, newspaper clippings, and directories of the many champion horses that trained at the facility throughout its 30 year existence.","Unpublished records are protected by copyright. Permission to publish quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","Ben White Raceway located on a 120- acre tract in Fairview Park, near downtown Orlando, Florida, was the largest training facility and winter home for champion racehorses. The track was named in honor of one of the nation's most famous trainers, Ben White, who won numerous titles and chose Orlando as a training site in 1920. The track lost popularity as the expense to ship horses to Orlando became too great. In July 2001, the name was changed to Trotters Park. 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Located in Fairview Park, a 120-acre tract about 3 miles from downtown Orlando, the raceway was owned and maintained by the City of Orlando. The track was named in honor of one of the nation's most famous trainers, Ben White, who won numerous titles and chose Orlando as a training site in 1920. As a result of White's international reputation, the track became known as \"the colt capital of harness racing\".\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nBen White Raceway, however, lost popularity as it proved to be too expensive to ship horses to Orlando. In July 2001, the name was changed to Trotters Park at the request of Ben White's family because the track no longer had anything to do with harness racing. 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By January 10, 2002, the City of Orlando decided to close the already struggling facility and use the property for a city park."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBen White Raceway Papers, 1946-1978, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Ben White Raceway Papers, 1946-1978, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection processed by Nadine Helm; finding aid prepared by Nadine Helm.\nMaterial is housed in one box and separated into folders by content. Directories, minutes and programs are then arranged in chronological order.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Collection processed by Nadine Helm; finding aid prepared by Nadine Helm.\nMaterial is housed in one box and separated into folders by content. Directories, minutes and programs are then arranged in chronological order."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Ben White Raceway Papers include historical background, correspondence, photographs, newspaper clippings, and directories of the many champion horses that trained at the facility throughout its 30 year existence.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Ben White Raceway Papers include historical background, correspondence, photographs, newspaper clippings, and directories of the many champion horses that trained at the facility throughout its 30 year existence."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished records are protected by copyright. Permission to publish quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished records are protected by copyright. Permission to publish quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_8606b837b4637641cac975c990db55e1\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eBen White Raceway located on a 120- acre tract in Fairview Park, near downtown Orlando, Florida, was the largest training facility and winter home for champion racehorses. The track was named in honor of one of the nation's most famous trainers, Ben White, who won numerous titles and chose Orlando as a training site in 1920. The track lost popularity as the expense to ship horses to Orlando became too great. In July 2001, the name was changed to Trotters Park. In January 10, 2002, the City of Orlando decided to close the struggling facility to convert the property into a city park.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Ben White Raceway located on a 120- acre tract in Fairview Park, near downtown Orlando, Florida, was the largest training facility and winter home for champion racehorses. The track was named in honor of one of the nation's most famous trainers, Ben White, who won numerous titles and chose Orlando as a training site in 1920. The track lost popularity as the expense to ship horses to Orlando became too great. In July 2001, the name was changed to Trotters Park. In January 10, 2002, the City of Orlando decided to close the struggling facility to convert the property into a city park."],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Ben White Raceway"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Ben White Raceway"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":12,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1874753293978173440,"_root_":"41fcb0a4c4dd61a7a3fe4a91","timestamp":"2026-08-28T08:01:06.065Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/41fcb0a4c4dd61a7a3fe4a91"}},{"id":"d8da2711258b4d5a1f9e213b_aspace_226182","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Berchesgarden Picture Book, 1945-1949","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/d8da2711258b4d5a1f9e213b_aspace_226182#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eA collection of personal photographs taken by or acquired by Thomas Butler in Berchtesgaden, which he assembled into a collage book. The book is dedicated to the remembrance of Luise Dittmar. Her relation to Butler is unknown but it most likely is a person who Butler befriended during his time at Berchtesgaden.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/d8da2711258b4d5a1f9e213b_aspace_226182#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_226182","ref_ssm":["aspace_226182","aspace_226182"],"id":"d8da2711258b4d5a1f9e213b_aspace_226182","title_filing_ssi":"Berchesgarden Picture Book","title_ssm":["Berchesgarden Picture Book"],"title_tesim":["Berchesgarden Picture Book"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1945-1949"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1945-1949"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Berchesgarden Picture Book, 1945-1949"],"text":["Berchesgarden Picture Book, 1945-1949","Butler and Cowart families collection, 1943-1950, Date acquired: 07/28/2015 by Dr. Marie E. Cowart, bulk 1945-1947","002","/repositories/10/archival_objects/116721","box 15.0014 - Box 2","object 002","A collection of personal photographs taken by or acquired by Thomas Butler in Berchtesgaden, which he assembled into a collage book. The book is dedicated to the remembrance of Luise Dittmar. Her relation to Butler is unknown but it most likely is a person who Butler befriended during his time at Berchtesgaden."],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ids_ssim":["d8da2711258b4d5a1f9e213b"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Butler and Cowart families collection, 1943-1950, Date acquired: 07/28/2015 by Dr. Marie E. Cowart, bulk 1945-1947"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Butler and Cowart families collection, 1943-1950, Date acquired: 07/28/2015 by Dr. Marie E. Cowart, bulk 1945-1947"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"unitid_ssm":["002","/repositories/10/archival_objects/116721"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Butler and Cowart families collection, 1943-1950, Date acquired: 07/28/2015 by Dr. Marie E. Cowart, bulk 1945-1947"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":51,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open to all researchers."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"date_range_isim":[1945,1946,1947,1948,1949],"containers_ssim":["box 15.0014 - Box 2","object 002"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA collection of personal photographs taken by or acquired by Thomas Butler in Berchtesgaden, which he assembled into a collage book. The book is dedicated to the remembrance of Luise Dittmar. Her relation to Butler is unknown but it most likely is a person who Butler befriended during his time at Berchtesgaden.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["A collection of personal photographs taken by or acquired by Thomas Butler in Berchtesgaden, which he assembled into a collage book. The book is dedicated to the remembrance of Luise Dittmar. 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Cowart"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["15.0014","/repositories/10/resources/727"],"text":["15.0014","/repositories/10/resources/727","Butler and Cowart families collection, 1943-1950, Date acquired: 07/28/2015 by Dr. Marie E. Cowart, bulk 1945-1947","Berchtesgaden (Germany)","Miami (Fla.)","Camp Haan (Calif.)","Camp Davis (N.C.)","Pittsfield (Mass.)","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Europe","World War, 1939-1945--Germany--Berchtesgaden","World War, 1939-1945--Antiaircraft artillery operations","Antiaircraft artillery","Ardennes, Battle of the, 1944-1945","This collection is open to all researchers.","Thomas A. Butler was born on August 16, 1916, in Pittsfield, Massachusetts. Butler grew up in Miami, Florida where he spent his teenage years working at The Bath Club, a luxurious country club for Miami's elite. Butler enlisted as a Private in the United States Army at Camp Blanding, Florida in January 1943 at the age of 26. Butler rose through the ranks to Second Lieutenant during basic training at Camp Wallace, Texas; Camp Davis, North Carolina; and Camp Haan, California.\n \nButler arrived in France at Utah Beach on August 28, 1944. After landing in Normandy, he experienced combat in Northern France, Belgium, and Luxembourg during the Battle of the Bulge, and in Germany.  For his service, during the course of the war, he received a bronze star medal and five battle stars: Normandy, Northern France, Ardennes, Rhineland, and Central Europe. After the cessation of hostilities in May 1945, Butler's talents and upbringing in the hospitality industry led to being presented with the unique task of operating the Berchtesgaden Hof Hotel in the Bavarian Alps, which he was transferred to in June 1945. The hotel, situated adjacent to Adolf Hitler's personal winter retreat, was built in the 1930s and 1940s by the Nazi Government and was later transformed into a hotel for American Military Officers.\n \nNow promoted to First Lieutenant, Butler spearheaded the effort to prepare for the reception of the general officers in July 1944. It was during this stay that Butler met most of the Army High Command. Butler's masterful ability to provide an excellent stay for the Army Generals awarded him a letter of commendation and a personalized autographed photo from General of the Air Force Henry (Hap) Arnold. At Berchtesgaden, Butler befriended many of the German staff that worked for the hotel under Hitler. Butler was honorably discharged from active duty in the early months of 1946 and then joined the Reserves. He, however, maintained a strong relationship with those he met in Germany and would return annually, and sometimes biannually, with his wife Helen to visit the German Staff at the Berchtesgaden Hof. Butler moved to Tallahassee in 2003 and passed away on May 28, 2007.\n \nJames Bryant Cowart, Sr., brother-in-law to Thomas A. Butler, served in the U.S. Navy in both World War I and World War II. He was born on February 11, 1899 in Pinetta Florida in Madison County, and moved to Miami where he met his wife, Marie Butler, marrying in 1930. They had one child, James Bryant Cowart, Jr. who was born on October 2, 1936. Cowart Sr. served in WWI from September 1917 to January 1923 as a seaman.  He entered the service at 18 years and two months and re-enlisted serving until June 9, 1925. He served on the USS  Southard  on June 10, 1921 as a Coxwain Mate. Later he served on the USS  Rigel  and the USS  Omaha . \n \nDuring Word War II, Cowart, Sr. re-entered the U.S. Navy on October 26, 1942 and served as a Boatswain Mate 2nd class. He served on the USS  Belleau Wood , crossing the equator on September 1, 1943. After discharge, he worked in Miami, FL in a furniture store. He died in 1951 of a heart attack. His wife worked for Eastern Airlines and continued to live in Miami until her death at age 97 in 2011.","Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022.","This collection pertains to Thomas A. Butler, who served as a First Lieutenant in the 468th Anti-Aircraft Artillery (AAA) Battalion during World War II. Butler served in France and Germany from 1944-1945, receiving five battle stars and a bronze star medal. In the immediate months following the war, he was stationed at the Berchtesgaden Hof Hotel, which was adjacent to Hitler's retreat at Obersalzberg, where he operated the Hotel as a retreat for Army officers. Butler maintained a detailed Service Record Book that includes his personal information, transfers, the locations he was deployed, the people he met, and military letters he received during and after the war. In aggregate, Butler's collection includes: A U.S Military Service Record Book, including a personalized autographed photograph of General of the Air Force Henry (Hap) Arnold, one Berchtesgaden photo album created by Butler himself, Butler's awarded and framed Bronze Star, and two artifacts retrieved from Germany: one Nazi Party armband and one stationary folder.","All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. 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Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Dr. Marie Cowart, niece of Thomas A. 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Butler grew up in Miami, Florida where he spent his teenage years working at The Bath Club, a luxurious country club for Miami's elite. Butler enlisted as a Private in the United States Army at Camp Blanding, Florida in January 1943 at the age of 26. Butler rose through the ranks to Second Lieutenant during basic training at Camp Wallace, Texas; Camp Davis, North Carolina; and Camp Haan, California.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\nButler arrived in France at Utah Beach on August 28, 1944. After landing in Normandy, he experienced combat in Northern France, Belgium, and Luxembourg during the Battle of the Bulge, and in Germany.  For his service, during the course of the war, he received a bronze star medal and five battle stars: Normandy, Northern France, Ardennes, Rhineland, and Central Europe. After the cessation of hostilities in May 1945, Butler's talents and upbringing in the hospitality industry led to being presented with the unique task of operating the Berchtesgaden Hof Hotel in the Bavarian Alps, which he was transferred to in June 1945. The hotel, situated adjacent to Adolf Hitler's personal winter retreat, was built in the 1930s and 1940s by the Nazi Government and was later transformed into a hotel for American Military Officers.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\nNow promoted to First Lieutenant, Butler spearheaded the effort to prepare for the reception of the general officers in July 1944. It was during this stay that Butler met most of the Army High Command. Butler's masterful ability to provide an excellent stay for the Army Generals awarded him a letter of commendation and a personalized autographed photo from General of the Air Force Henry (Hap) Arnold. At Berchtesgaden, Butler befriended many of the German staff that worked for the hotel under Hitler. Butler was honorably discharged from active duty in the early months of 1946 and then joined the Reserves. He, however, maintained a strong relationship with those he met in Germany and would return annually, and sometimes biannually, with his wife Helen to visit the German Staff at the Berchtesgaden Hof. Butler moved to Tallahassee in 2003 and passed away on May 28, 2007.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\nJames Bryant Cowart, Sr., brother-in-law to Thomas A. Butler, served in the U.S. Navy in both World War I and World War II. He was born on February 11, 1899 in Pinetta Florida in Madison County, and moved to Miami where he met his wife, Marie Butler, marrying in 1930. They had one child, James Bryant Cowart, Jr. who was born on October 2, 1936. Cowart Sr. served in WWI from September 1917 to January 1923 as a seaman.  He entered the service at 18 years and two months and re-enlisted serving until June 9, 1925. He served on the USS \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSouthard\u003c/emph\u003e on June 10, 1921 as a Coxwain Mate. Later he served on the USS \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRigel\u003c/emph\u003e and the USS \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eOmaha\u003c/emph\u003e. \n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\nDuring Word War II, Cowart, Sr. re-entered the U.S. Navy on October 26, 1942 and served as a Boatswain Mate 2nd class. He served on the USS \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBelleau Wood\u003c/emph\u003e, crossing the equator on September 1, 1943. After discharge, he worked in Miami, FL in a furniture store. He died in 1951 of a heart attack. His wife worked for Eastern Airlines and continued to live in Miami until her death at age 97 in 2011.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Thomas A. Butler was born on August 16, 1916, in Pittsfield, Massachusetts. Butler grew up in Miami, Florida where he spent his teenage years working at The Bath Club, a luxurious country club for Miami's elite. Butler enlisted as a Private in the United States Army at Camp Blanding, Florida in January 1943 at the age of 26. Butler rose through the ranks to Second Lieutenant during basic training at Camp Wallace, Texas; Camp Davis, North Carolina; and Camp Haan, California.\n \nButler arrived in France at Utah Beach on August 28, 1944. After landing in Normandy, he experienced combat in Northern France, Belgium, and Luxembourg during the Battle of the Bulge, and in Germany.  For his service, during the course of the war, he received a bronze star medal and five battle stars: Normandy, Northern France, Ardennes, Rhineland, and Central Europe. After the cessation of hostilities in May 1945, Butler's talents and upbringing in the hospitality industry led to being presented with the unique task of operating the Berchtesgaden Hof Hotel in the Bavarian Alps, which he was transferred to in June 1945. The hotel, situated adjacent to Adolf Hitler's personal winter retreat, was built in the 1930s and 1940s by the Nazi Government and was later transformed into a hotel for American Military Officers.\n \nNow promoted to First Lieutenant, Butler spearheaded the effort to prepare for the reception of the general officers in July 1944. It was during this stay that Butler met most of the Army High Command. Butler's masterful ability to provide an excellent stay for the Army Generals awarded him a letter of commendation and a personalized autographed photo from General of the Air Force Henry (Hap) Arnold. At Berchtesgaden, Butler befriended many of the German staff that worked for the hotel under Hitler. Butler was honorably discharged from active duty in the early months of 1946 and then joined the Reserves. He, however, maintained a strong relationship with those he met in Germany and would return annually, and sometimes biannually, with his wife Helen to visit the German Staff at the Berchtesgaden Hof. Butler moved to Tallahassee in 2003 and passed away on May 28, 2007.\n \nJames Bryant Cowart, Sr., brother-in-law to Thomas A. Butler, served in the U.S. Navy in both World War I and World War II. He was born on February 11, 1899 in Pinetta Florida in Madison County, and moved to Miami where he met his wife, Marie Butler, marrying in 1930. They had one child, James Bryant Cowart, Jr. who was born on October 2, 1936. Cowart Sr. served in WWI from September 1917 to January 1923 as a seaman.  He entered the service at 18 years and two months and re-enlisted serving until June 9, 1925. He served on the USS  Southard  on June 10, 1921 as a Coxwain Mate. Later he served on the USS  Rigel  and the USS  Omaha . \n \nDuring Word War II, Cowart, Sr. re-entered the U.S. Navy on October 26, 1942 and served as a Boatswain Mate 2nd class. He served on the USS  Belleau Wood , crossing the equator on September 1, 1943. After discharge, he worked in Miami, FL in a furniture store. He died in 1951 of a heart attack. His wife worked for Eastern Airlines and continued to live in Miami until her death at age 97 in 2011."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTransferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives in July 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], Butler and Cowart Families collection, Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_15_0014\"\u003ehttp://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_15_0014\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], Butler and Cowart Families collection, Special Collections \u0026 Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida.  http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_15_0014 ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection pertains to Thomas A. Butler, who served as a First Lieutenant in the 468th Anti-Aircraft Artillery (AAA) Battalion during World War II. Butler served in France and Germany from 1944-1945, receiving five battle stars and a bronze star medal. In the immediate months following the war, he was stationed at the Berchtesgaden Hof Hotel, which was adjacent to Hitler's retreat at Obersalzberg, where he operated the Hotel as a retreat for Army officers. Butler maintained a detailed Service Record Book that includes his personal information, transfers, the locations he was deployed, the people he met, and military letters he received during and after the war. In aggregate, Butler's collection includes: A U.S Military Service Record Book, including a personalized autographed photograph of General of the Air Force Henry (Hap) Arnold, one Berchtesgaden photo album created by Butler himself, Butler's awarded and framed Bronze Star, and two artifacts retrieved from Germany: one Nazi Party armband and one stationary folder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection pertains to Thomas A. Butler, who served as a First Lieutenant in the 468th Anti-Aircraft Artillery (AAA) Battalion during World War II. Butler served in France and Germany from 1944-1945, receiving five battle stars and a bronze star medal. In the immediate months following the war, he was stationed at the Berchtesgaden Hof Hotel, which was adjacent to Hitler's retreat at Obersalzberg, where he operated the Hotel as a retreat for Army officers. Butler maintained a detailed Service Record Book that includes his personal information, transfers, the locations he was deployed, the people he met, and military letters he received during and after the war. In aggregate, Butler's collection includes: A U.S Military Service Record Book, including a personalized autographed photograph of General of the Air Force Henry (Hap) Arnold, one Berchtesgaden photo album created by Butler himself, Butler's awarded and framed Bronze Star, and two artifacts retrieved from Germany: one Nazi Party armband and one stationary folder."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"names_coll_ssim":["Berghof (Obersalzberg, Germany)","Camp Blanding (Fla.)","Anti-Aircraft Replacement Training Center (Camp Callan, Calif.)","Schloss Herrenchiemsee (Herrenchiemsee, Chiemsee, Germany)","Arnold, Henry Harley, 1886-1950","Hitler, Adolf, 1889-1945","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","Marshall, George C. (George Catlett), 1880-1959","Cowart, James Bryant, Sr., 1899-1951","Cowart, James Bryant, Sr., 1899-1951"],"names_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Berghof (Obersalzberg, Germany)","Camp Blanding (Fla.)","Anti-Aircraft Replacement Training Center (Camp Callan, Calif.)","Schloss Herrenchiemsee (Herrenchiemsee, Chiemsee, Germany)","Butler, Thomas A., 1916-2007","Cowart, James Bryant, Sr., 1899-1951","Arnold, Henry Harley, 1886-1950","Hitler, Adolf, 1889-1945","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","Marshall, George C. (George Catlett), 1880-1959"],"corpname_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Berghof (Obersalzberg, Germany)","Camp Blanding (Fla.)","Anti-Aircraft Replacement Training Center (Camp Callan, Calif.)","Schloss Herrenchiemsee (Herrenchiemsee, Chiemsee, Germany)"],"persname_ssim":["Butler, Thomas A., 1916-2007","Cowart, James Bryant, Sr., 1899-1951","Arnold, Henry Harley, 1886-1950","Hitler, Adolf, 1889-1945","Eisenhower, Dwight D. 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Gifford collection, 1938-1968, Date accessioned: 2020-02-24","008","/repositories/10/archival_objects/187084","20.0003 - Box 1","folder 008","This folder contains two brief history booklets of Berchtesgaden written by Eleanor Gifford, a Berchtesdaden special services guide, two cards used for hotel dining tables at Berchtesgaden, a New Year's Special Services Guide to Berchtesgaden, a winter sport guide that were provided in Berchtesgaden hotel rooms,  a first place ski diploma for a down hill ski run for Eleanor Gifford,  an overview of Bavarian  holiday traditions written by Eleanor Gifford, various news stories from Berchtesgaden, a biography of John Joseph Pershing written for the renaming of a house in Berchtesgaden, and USFA showtime dates."],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ids_ssim":["3056ee86647273e001c28846"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Eleanor and Elliott T. Gifford collection, 1938-1968, Date accessioned: 2020-02-24"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Eleanor and Elliott T. 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Gifford collection"],"title_tesim":["Eleanor and Elliott T. Gifford collection"],"ead_ssi":"3056ee86647273e001c28846","unitdate_ssm":["1938-1968","Date accessioned: 2020-02-24"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1938-1968"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date accessioned: 2020-02-24"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["20.0003","/repositories/10/resources/1663"],"text":["20.0003","/repositories/10/resources/1663","Eleanor and Elliott T. Gifford collection, 1938-1968, Date accessioned: 2020-02-24","Camp Carson (Colo.)","Fort Des Moines (Iowa)","Fort Oglethorpe (Ga.)","Livorno (Italy)","Salzburg (Austria)","Königssee (Germany)","World War, 1939-1945--Germany--Berchtesgaden","Missing in action--1940-1950.","Theater.","World War, 1939-1945--Europe","Dorchester (Ship)","Aerographers, Naval","First Lieutenant, WAC","This collection is open to all researchers. Restrictions apply to this collection. Glenn E. Ballew donated the collection. Ballew acquired the collection after the passing of friend and co-worker Clifford Brooks Shirley on October 11th, 1994. Ballew discovered these letters, photographs and newspaper clipping in Shirley's attic of his residence. Shirley has no known living relatives.","Eleanor Gifford was born May 5, 1914 in Philadelphia, PA. She enlisted in the U.S. Women's Army Corps on April 17, 1943 in New York, NY. At the time she performed as a singer and actress in New York. From August to October 1945 Eleanor Gifford served as a first lieutenant WAC in Salzburg in the Special Services branch. From October 1945 to Febuary 1950 Eleanor Gifford was responsible for the organization of various activities of the Berchtesgaden Recreational Area as a WAC and civilian. She remained in Germany for the remainder of her life. Gifford married Günther Menzel on May 3, 1978  in Oberstdorf where she then also settled after retiring.\n \nEleanor's brother, Elliott Temple Gifford, was born on January 3, 1913, graduated from High School Point Pleasant, New Jersey in 1930 and immediately went to the U.S. Navy and served as an Aerographer's Mate. He was listed as missing in action, presumed dead, when the USAT  Dorchester   was torpedoed by a German submarine on February 3, 1943. The  Dorchester   was bound for the Army Command Base at Narsarsuaq in southern Greenland.","Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022.","The collection 17.0005 of Leigh Jamison Gifford and Eli Gifford (01.0171.1314) are related to Eleanor and Elliott Gifford.","This collection relates to Eleanor Gifford who served in the special services and her brother Elliott T. Gifford who served as an Aerographer's Mate in the U.S. Navy during World War II. 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Restrictions apply to this collection. Glenn E. Ballew donated the collection. Ballew acquired the collection after the passing of friend and co-worker Clifford Brooks Shirley on October 11th, 1994. Ballew discovered these letters, photographs and newspaper clipping in Shirley's attic of his residence. Shirley has no known living relatives.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to all researchers. Restrictions apply to this collection. Glenn E. Ballew donated the collection. Ballew acquired the collection after the passing of friend and co-worker Clifford Brooks Shirley on October 11th, 1994. Ballew discovered these letters, photographs and newspaper clipping in Shirley's attic of his residence. Shirley has no known living relatives."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEleanor Gifford was born May 5, 1914 in Philadelphia, PA. She enlisted in the U.S. Women's Army Corps on April 17, 1943 in New York, NY. At the time she performed as a singer and actress in New York. From August to October 1945 Eleanor Gifford served as a first lieutenant WAC in Salzburg in the Special Services branch. From October 1945 to Febuary 1950 Eleanor Gifford was responsible for the organization of various activities of the Berchtesgaden Recreational Area as a WAC and civilian. She remained in Germany for the remainder of her life. Gifford married G\u0026#xFC;nther Menzel on May 3, 1978  in Oberstdorf where she then also settled after retiring.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\nEleanor's brother, Elliott Temple Gifford, was born on January 3, 1913, graduated from High School Point Pleasant, New Jersey in 1930 and immediately went to the U.S. Navy and served as an Aerographer's Mate. He was listed as missing in action, presumed dead, when the USAT \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDorchester \u003c/emph\u003e was torpedoed by a German submarine on February 3, 1943. The \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDorchester \u003c/emph\u003e was bound for the Army Command Base at Narsarsuaq in southern Greenland.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Eleanor Gifford was born May 5, 1914 in Philadelphia, PA. She enlisted in the U.S. Women's Army Corps on April 17, 1943 in New York, NY. At the time she performed as a singer and actress in New York. From August to October 1945 Eleanor Gifford served as a first lieutenant WAC in Salzburg in the Special Services branch. From October 1945 to Febuary 1950 Eleanor Gifford was responsible for the organization of various activities of the Berchtesgaden Recreational Area as a WAC and civilian. She remained in Germany for the remainder of her life. Gifford married Günther Menzel on May 3, 1978  in Oberstdorf where she then also settled after retiring.\n \nEleanor's brother, Elliott Temple Gifford, was born on January 3, 1913, graduated from High School Point Pleasant, New Jersey in 1930 and immediately went to the U.S. Navy and served as an Aerographer's Mate. He was listed as missing in action, presumed dead, when the USAT  Dorchester   was torpedoed by a German submarine on February 3, 1943. The  Dorchester   was bound for the Army Command Base at Narsarsuaq in southern Greenland."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTransferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives in July 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], Eleanor and Elliot T. Gifford colection, Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_20_0003\"\u003ehttp://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_20_0003\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], Eleanor and Elliot T. Gifford colection, Special Collections \u0026 Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida.  http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_20_0003"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection 17.0005 of Leigh Jamison Gifford and Eli Gifford (01.0171.1314) are related to Eleanor and Elliott Gifford.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The collection 17.0005 of Leigh Jamison Gifford and Eli Gifford (01.0171.1314) are related to Eleanor and Elliott Gifford."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection relates to Eleanor Gifford who served in the special services and her brother Elliott T. Gifford who served as an Aerographer's Mate in the U.S. Navy during World War II. Elliott T. Gifford was killed in action on board the USAT \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDorchester\u003c/emph\u003e when it was sunk on February 3, 1943 by a German submarine. This collection contains documents, newspaper clippings, German event posters, radio transcripts, letters, and photographs predominately from Eleanor M. Gifford.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection relates to Eleanor Gifford who served in the special services and her brother Elliott T. Gifford who served as an Aerographer's Mate in the U.S. Navy during World War II. Elliott T. Gifford was killed in action on board the USAT  Dorchester  when it was sunk on February 3, 1943 by a German submarine. This collection contains documents, newspaper clippings, German event posters, radio transcripts, letters, and photographs predominately from Eleanor M. Gifford."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Army. Women's Army Corps","School for Personnel Services (Lexington, Va.)","Pershing, John J. (John Joseph), 1860-1948","Welles, Orson, 1915-1985","Hampton, Lionel"],"names_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","United States. Army. Women's Army Corps","School for Personnel Services (Lexington, Va.)","Gifford, Eleanor, 1914-","Gifford, Elliott T., 1913-1943","Pershing, John J. (John Joseph), 1860-1948","Welles, Orson, 1915-1985","Hampton, Lionel"],"corpname_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","United States. Army. Women's Army Corps","School for Personnel Services (Lexington, Va.)"],"persname_ssim":["Gifford, Eleanor, 1914-","Gifford, Elliott T., 1913-1943","Pershing, John J. 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","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general","FIU Special Collections","Diederich, Bernard","English Spanish; Castilian"],"unitid_tesim":["SPC7010","/repositories/2/resources/73"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1945-2010"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Bernard Diederich Collection, 1945-2010"],"collection_title_tesim":["Bernard Diederich Collection, 1945-2010"],"collection_ssim":["Bernard Diederich Collection, 1945-2010"],"repository_ssm":["FIU Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"creator_ssm":["Diederich, Bernard"],"creator_ssim":["Diederich, Bernard"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Diederich, Bernard"],"creators_ssim":["Diederich, Bernard"],"access_terms_ssm":["Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. 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","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Haiti--Politics and government."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Haiti--Politics and government."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["128.00 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["128.00 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Bernard Diederich Collection includes both papers and media. 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