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Rejecting combat duty, nearly 12,000 men entered Civilian Public Service (CPS) with the intent to perform \"work of national importance\" as an alternative to combat duty. The CPS program was set up by members of the historic peace churches (Mennonites, Brethren, and Quakers) and participated in by pacifists from other churches, of no specific religious persuasion, and, in the case of a few, no persuasion except not to fight in that particular war. CPS men worked as aides in mental hospitals, volunteered as smoke jumpers in forest fires, and participated in grueling medical and scientific experiments.  Frazer and O'Sullivan use the oral histories of 15 CPS men and two of their wives to illuminate their experience during World War II. ","Heather T. Frazer (1940 – 2016) was a professor of history at Florida Atlantic University. In 1971, she became the first female faculty member in the FAU history department where she taught for 35 years before retiring in 2006. 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Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact Special Collections. 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Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact Special Collections. See less See less\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. 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Permission may be granted by the Special Collections Librarian for such reprography dependent on issues of copyright, ownership, condition, donor agreements, etc.  In general, staff do not make reproductions of copyright materials or materials for which title is not owned by the institution.  Recent revisions in the U.S. Copyright Law extended the copyright of correspondence, letters, and other personal papers to the life of the author plus seventy years.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Digital photography, scanning, and photocopying of materials is prohibited.  Permission may be granted by the Special Collections Librarian for such reprography dependent on issues of copyright, ownership, condition, donor agreements, etc.  In general, staff do not make reproductions of copyright materials or materials for which title is not owned by the institution.  Recent revisions in the U.S. Copyright Law extended the copyright of correspondence, letters, and other personal papers to the life of the author plus seventy years."],"names_coll_ssim":["Men's Camellia Club of Pensacola."],"names_ssim":["UWF University Archives and West Florida History Center","Men's Camellia Club of Pensacola","Men's Camellia Club of Pensacola."],"corpname_ssim":["UWF University Archives and West Florida History Center","Men's Camellia Club of Pensacola","Men's Camellia Club of Pensacola."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":107,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870863581475504128,"_root_":"a9427fcaf7f27eeb770237a8","timestamp":"2026-07-16T09:35:47.150Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"a9427fcaf7f27eeb770237a8","title_ssm":["Men's Camellia Club of Pensacola Records"],"title_tesim":["Men's Camellia Club of Pensacola Records"],"ead_ssi":"a9427fcaf7f27eeb770237a8","unitdate_ssm":["1937-1989","Date acquired: 04/00/1989"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1937-1989"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 04/00/1989"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M1988-22","/repositories/2/resources/245"],"text":["M1988-22","/repositories/2/resources/245","Men's Camellia Club of Pensacola Records, 1937-1989, Date acquired: 04/00/1989","Gardening--Florida--Pensacola--Societies, etc.","Men--Florida--Pensacola--Societies and clubs.","Camellias--Breeding--Florida--Pensacola.","Camellias--Varieties--Florida--Pensacola.","Registrations--Florida--Pensacola.","Biographies--Florida--Pensacola.","Open to researchers, dependent on our compliance with U.S. Copyright Law, HIPPA requirements, donor agreements and other applicable state and federal statutes.  Occasionally we may need to review a collection before permitting immediate access.","Addition, February 1996","Alphabetical, then chronological","Revised 08/06/2004","Revised 07/11/2003","Revised 06/06/2002","Revised 11/30/2001","Revised 08/31/2000","Revised 05/16/2000","Revised 03/28/2000","Revised 04/12/1996","Cataloged 09/19/1989","Records, 1937-1989, including correspondence and newspaper clippings, registrations for camellias originated in Pensacola, publications including the Camellia Journal (1962-1987) and Camellia Notes (1961-1989), and biographies of club members and presidents.","OTHER INFORMATION:  Annuals of the American Camellia Yearbook (1977-1984, 1986) received with the collection were cataloged with the existing set of the Yearbook (SB 413 C18 A5) in the main library stacks.  In February 1996, Mr. Covington donated a large run of the Camellia Journal; these were combined with previous holdings and cataloged into the book collection.","Digital photography, scanning, and photocopying of materials is prohibited.  Permission may be granted by the Special Collections Librarian for such reprography dependent on issues of copyright, ownership, condition, donor agreements, etc.  In general, staff do not make reproductions of copyright materials or materials for which title is not owned by the institution.  Recent revisions in the U.S. Copyright Law extended the copyright of correspondence, letters, and other personal papers to the life of the author plus seventy years.","UWF University Archives and West Florida History Center","Men's Camellia Club of Pensacola","Men's Camellia Club of Pensacola.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["M1988-22","/repositories/2/resources/245"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1937-1989, Date acquired: 04/00/1989"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Men's Camellia Club of Pensacola Records, 1937-1989, Date acquired: 04/00/1989"],"collection_title_tesim":["Men's Camellia Club of Pensacola Records, 1937-1989, Date acquired: 04/00/1989"],"collection_ssim":["Men's Camellia Club of Pensacola Records, 1937-1989, Date acquired: 04/00/1989"],"repository_ssm":["UWF University Archives and West Florida History Center"],"repository_ssim":["UWF University Archives and West Florida History Center"],"creator_ssm":["Men's Camellia Club of Pensacola"],"creator_ssim":["Men's Camellia Club of Pensacola"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Men's Camellia Club of Pensacola"],"creators_ssim":["Men's Camellia Club of Pensacola"],"access_terms_ssm":["Digital photography, scanning, and photocopying of materials is prohibited.  Permission may be granted by the Special Collections Librarian for such reprography dependent on issues of copyright, ownership, condition, donor agreements, etc.  In general, staff do not make reproductions of copyright materials or materials for which title is not owned by the institution.  Recent revisions in the U.S. Copyright Law extended the copyright of correspondence, letters, and other personal papers to the life of the author plus seventy years."],"acqinfo_ssim":["John Covington, Pensacola, Fla., April 1989"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Gardening--Florida--Pensacola--Societies, etc.","Men--Florida--Pensacola--Societies and clubs.","Camellias--Breeding--Florida--Pensacola.","Camellias--Varieties--Florida--Pensacola.","Registrations--Florida--Pensacola.","Biographies--Florida--Pensacola."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Gardening--Florida--Pensacola--Societies, etc.","Men--Florida--Pensacola--Societies and clubs.","Camellias--Breeding--Florida--Pensacola.","Camellias--Varieties--Florida--Pensacola.","Registrations--Florida--Pensacola.","Biographies--Florida--Pensacola."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3241.00 items"],"extent_tesim":["3241.00 items"],"genreform_ssim":["Registrations--Florida--Pensacola.","Biographies--Florida--Pensacola."],"date_range_isim":[1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOpen to researchers, dependent on our compliance with U.S. Copyright Law, HIPPA requirements, donor agreements and other applicable state and federal statutes.  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Occasionally we may need to review a collection before permitting immediate access."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAddition, February 1996\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals and Additions"],"accruals_tesim":["Addition, February 1996"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlphabetical, then chronological\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["Alphabetical, then chronological"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRevised 08/06/2004\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRevised 07/11/2003\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRevised 06/06/2002\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRevised 11/30/2001\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRevised 08/31/2000\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRevised 05/16/2000\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRevised 03/28/2000\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRevised 04/12/1996\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCataloged 09/19/1989\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Revised 08/06/2004","Revised 07/11/2003","Revised 06/06/2002","Revised 11/30/2001","Revised 08/31/2000","Revised 05/16/2000","Revised 03/28/2000","Revised 04/12/1996","Cataloged 09/19/1989"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords, 1937-1989, including correspondence and newspaper clippings, registrations for camellias originated in Pensacola, publications including the Camellia Journal (1962-1987) and Camellia Notes (1961-1989), and biographies of club members and presidents.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOTHER INFORMATION:  Annuals of the American Camellia Yearbook (1977-1984, 1986) received with the collection were cataloged with the existing set of the Yearbook (SB 413 C18 A5) in the main library stacks.  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Permission may be granted by the Special Collections Librarian for such reprography dependent on issues of copyright, ownership, condition, donor agreements, etc.  In general, staff do not make reproductions of copyright materials or materials for which title is not owned by the institution.  Recent revisions in the U.S. Copyright Law extended the copyright of correspondence, letters, and other personal papers to the life of the author plus seventy years.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Digital photography, scanning, and photocopying of materials is prohibited.  Permission may be granted by the Special Collections Librarian for such reprography dependent on issues of copyright, ownership, condition, donor agreements, etc.  In general, staff do not make reproductions of copyright materials or materials for which title is not owned by the institution.  Recent revisions in the U.S. Copyright Law extended the copyright of correspondence, letters, and other personal papers to the life of the author plus seventy years."],"names_coll_ssim":["Men's Camellia Club of Pensacola."],"names_ssim":["UWF University Archives and West Florida History Center","Men's Camellia Club of Pensacola","Men's Camellia Club of Pensacola."],"corpname_ssim":["UWF University Archives and West Florida History Center","Men's Camellia Club of Pensacola","Men's Camellia Club of Pensacola."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":107,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870863581475504128,"_root_":"a9427fcaf7f27eeb770237a8","timestamp":"2026-07-16T09:35:47.150Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/a9427fcaf7f27eeb770237a8"}},{"id":"4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86_aspace_b5ab55872af0f23f1f4e697640757398","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Mental Health  Articles, 1943-1985","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86_aspace_b5ab55872af0f23f1f4e697640757398#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eArticles surrounding the state of mental health pertaining to CPS involvement and other subjects\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86_aspace_b5ab55872af0f23f1f4e697640757398#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_b5ab55872af0f23f1f4e697640757398","ref_ssm":["aspace_b5ab55872af0f23f1f4e697640757398","aspace_b5ab55872af0f23f1f4e697640757398"],"id":"4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86_aspace_b5ab55872af0f23f1f4e697640757398","title_filing_ssi":"Mental Health  Articles","title_ssm":["Mental Health  Articles"],"title_tesim":["Mental Health  Articles"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1943-1985"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1943-1985"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Mental Health  Articles, 1943-1985"],"text":["Mental Health  Articles, 1943-1985","Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection, 1871 - 2006","Research, bulk 1871-2006","/repositories/2/archival_objects/78010","box 43","folder 16","Articles surrounding the state of mental health pertaining to CPS involvement and other subjects"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86","4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86_aspace_ff3bc41a85011bea5a51cdad9b65b38a"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection, 1871 - 2006","Research, bulk 1871-2006"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection, 1871 - 2006","Research, bulk 1871-2006"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/2/archival_objects/78010"],"repository_ssim":["Florida Atlantic University Libraries"],"collection_ssim":["Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection, 1871 - 2006"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":421,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collections are available for supervised use in the Special Collections reading room during regular hours or by appointment. Users are required to complete a registration form and to comply with regulations governing use. Research assistance may be available but please email or phone first to set up an appointment.","Photocopies or electronic copies of material in the collections may be provided within copyright limits but may not be ready immediately. In addition, selected materials are digitized and available electronically through the Digital Library. See less"],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Materials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. Any subsequent use of a reproduction in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement. When using electronic copies or images, please keep in mind that copyright law applies. It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder. Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact Special Collections. See less See less"],"date_range_isim":[1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985],"containers_ssim":["box 43","folder 16"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArticles surrounding the state of mental health pertaining to CPS involvement and other subjects\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Articles surrounding the state of mental health pertaining to CPS involvement and other subjects"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#419","_nest_parent_":"4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86_aspace_ff3bc41a85011bea5a51cdad9b65b38a","_root_":"4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86","timestamp":"2026-07-11T02:01:13.886Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86","title_ssm":["Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection"],"title_tesim":["Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection"],"ead_ssi":"4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86","unitdate_ssm":["1871 - 2006"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1871 - 2006"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["UAFP0012","/repositories/2/resources/203"],"text":["UAFP0012","/repositories/2/resources/203","Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection, 1871 - 2006","United States","World War, 1939-1945","University Archives","University Archives -- Faculty Papers"," Civilian Public Service -- History","World War, 1939-1945 -- Conscientious objectors -- United States","Oral history","Collections are available for supervised use in the Special Collections reading room during regular hours or by appointment. Users are required to complete a registration form and to comply with regulations governing use. Research assistance may be available but please email or phone first to set up an appointment.","Photocopies or electronic copies of material in the collections may be provided within copyright limits but may not be ready immediately. In addition, selected materials are digitized and available electronically through the Digital Library. See less","The Frazer-O'Sullivan Collection contains the research for the co- authored book, We Have Just Begun to Not Fight: An Oral History of Conscientious Objectors in the Civilian Public Service During World War II, by Heather Frazer and John O'Sullivan. More than 40,000 American men refused to fight during World War II. Citing principled opposition, they declared themselves conscientious objectors. Rejecting combat duty, nearly 12,000 men entered Civilian Public Service (CPS) with the intent to perform \"work of national importance\" as an alternative to combat duty. The CPS program was set up by members of the historic peace churches (Mennonites, Brethren, and Quakers) and participated in by pacifists from other churches, of no specific religious persuasion, and, in the case of a few, no persuasion except not to fight in that particular war. CPS men worked as aides in mental hospitals, volunteered as smoke jumpers in forest fires, and participated in grueling medical and scientific experiments.  Frazer and O'Sullivan use the oral histories of 15 CPS men and two of their wives to illuminate their experience during World War II. ","Heather T. Frazer (1940 – 2016) was a professor of history at Florida Atlantic University. In 1971, she became the first female faculty member in the FAU history department where she taught for 35 years before retiring in 2006. During her tenure, she served as Department Chair and Director of Graduate Studies. She also pioneered the study of women's history at FAU, helping establish the Women's Studies program, which is now the Center for Women, Gender and Sexuality Studies. Dr. Frazer taught courses in women's history, modern Britain and British Empire, Indian history, and oral history.","John O'Sullivan (1939-2000) was a professor of history at Florida Atlantic University. In 1971, he came to Florida Atlantic University where he served as chair of the History Department (1975-1978) and devoted his entire academic career. Dr. O'Sullivan received numerous research fellowships including the American Philosophical Society, the American Historical Association, and the Sloan Foundation. His areas of specialization were World War II, Vietnam War, Nuclear Age, the Holocaust, Peace History, Oral History and Modern American Political and Diplomatic Affairs.","Materials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. Any subsequent use of a reproduction in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement. When using electronic copies or images, please keep in mind that copyright law applies. It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder. Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact Special Collections. 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FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. Any subsequent use of a reproduction in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement. When using electronic copies or images, please keep in mind that copyright law applies. It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder. Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact Special Collections. See less See less"],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1939-1945","University Archives","University Archives -- Faculty Papers"," Civilian Public Service -- History","World War, 1939-1945 -- Conscientious objectors -- United States","Oral history"],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1939-1945","University Archives","University Archives -- Faculty Papers"," Civilian Public Service -- History","World War, 1939-1945 -- Conscientious objectors -- United States","Oral history"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["67 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["67 boxes"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollections are available for supervised use in the Special Collections reading room during regular hours or by appointment. Users are required to complete a registration form and to comply with regulations governing use. 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In addition, selected materials are digitized and available electronically through the Digital Library. See less"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Frazer-O'Sullivan Collection contains the research for the co- authored book, We Have Just Begun to Not Fight: An Oral History of Conscientious Objectors in the Civilian Public Service During World War II, by Heather Frazer and John O'Sullivan. More than 40,000 American men refused to fight during World War II. Citing principled opposition, they declared themselves conscientious objectors. Rejecting combat duty, nearly 12,000 men entered Civilian Public Service (CPS) with the intent to perform \"work of national importance\" as an alternative to combat duty. The CPS program was set up by members of the historic peace churches (Mennonites, Brethren, and Quakers) and participated in by pacifists from other churches, of no specific religious persuasion, and, in the case of a few, no persuasion except not to fight in that particular war. CPS men worked as aides in mental hospitals, volunteered as smoke jumpers in forest fires, and participated in grueling medical and scientific experiments.  Frazer and O'Sullivan use the oral histories of 15 CPS men and two of their wives to illuminate their experience during World War II. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHeather T. Frazer (1940 \u0026#x2013; 2016) was a professor of history at Florida Atlantic University. In 1971, she became the first female faculty member in the FAU history department where she taught for 35 years before retiring in 2006. During her tenure, she served as Department Chair and Director of Graduate Studies. 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Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact Special Collections. 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Rejecting combat duty, nearly 12,000 men entered Civilian Public Service (CPS) with the intent to perform \"work of national importance\" as an alternative to combat duty. The CPS program was set up by members of the historic peace churches (Mennonites, Brethren, and Quakers) and participated in by pacifists from other churches, of no specific religious persuasion, and, in the case of a few, no persuasion except not to fight in that particular war. CPS men worked as aides in mental hospitals, volunteered as smoke jumpers in forest fires, and participated in grueling medical and scientific experiments.  Frazer and O'Sullivan use the oral histories of 15 CPS men and two of their wives to illuminate their experience during World War II. ","Heather T. Frazer (1940 – 2016) was a professor of history at Florida Atlantic University. In 1971, she became the first female faculty member in the FAU history department where she taught for 35 years before retiring in 2006. 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Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact Special Collections. 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Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact Special Collections. 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The CPS program was set up by members of the historic peace churches (Mennonites, Brethren, and Quakers) and participated in by pacifists from other churches, of no specific religious persuasion, and, in the case of a few, no persuasion except not to fight in that particular war. CPS men worked as aides in mental hospitals, volunteered as smoke jumpers in forest fires, and participated in grueling medical and scientific experiments.  Frazer and O'Sullivan use the oral histories of 15 CPS men and two of their wives to illuminate their experience during World War II. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHeather T. Frazer (1940 \u0026#x2013; 2016) was a professor of history at Florida Atlantic University. In 1971, she became the first female faculty member in the FAU history department where she taught for 35 years before retiring in 2006. During her tenure, she served as Department Chair and Director of Graduate Studies. She also pioneered the study of women's history at FAU, helping establish the Women's Studies program, which is now the Center for Women, Gender and Sexuality Studies. Dr. Frazer taught courses in women's history, modern Britain and British Empire, Indian history, and oral history.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJohn O'Sullivan (1939-2000) was a professor of history at Florida Atlantic University. In 1971, he came to Florida Atlantic University where he served as chair of the History Department (1975-1978) and devoted his entire academic career. Dr. O'Sullivan received numerous research fellowships including the American Philosophical Society, the American Historical Association, and the Sloan Foundation. His areas of specialization were World War II, Vietnam War, Nuclear Age, the Holocaust, Peace History, Oral History and Modern American Political and Diplomatic Affairs.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Frazer-O'Sullivan Collection contains the research for the co- authored book, We Have Just Begun to Not Fight: An Oral History of Conscientious Objectors in the Civilian Public Service During World War II, by Heather Frazer and John O'Sullivan. More than 40,000 American men refused to fight during World War II. Citing principled opposition, they declared themselves conscientious objectors. Rejecting combat duty, nearly 12,000 men entered Civilian Public Service (CPS) with the intent to perform \"work of national importance\" as an alternative to combat duty. The CPS program was set up by members of the historic peace churches (Mennonites, Brethren, and Quakers) and participated in by pacifists from other churches, of no specific religious persuasion, and, in the case of a few, no persuasion except not to fight in that particular war. CPS men worked as aides in mental hospitals, volunteered as smoke jumpers in forest fires, and participated in grueling medical and scientific experiments.  Frazer and O'Sullivan use the oral histories of 15 CPS men and two of their wives to illuminate their experience during World War II. ","Heather T. Frazer (1940 – 2016) was a professor of history at Florida Atlantic University. In 1971, she became the first female faculty member in the FAU history department where she taught for 35 years before retiring in 2006. During her tenure, she served as Department Chair and Director of Graduate Studies. She also pioneered the study of women's history at FAU, helping establish the Women's Studies program, which is now the Center for Women, Gender and Sexuality Studies. Dr. Frazer taught courses in women's history, modern Britain and British Empire, Indian history, and oral history.","John O'Sullivan (1939-2000) was a professor of history at Florida Atlantic University. In 1971, he came to Florida Atlantic University where he served as chair of the History Department (1975-1978) and devoted his entire academic career. Dr. O'Sullivan received numerous research fellowships including the American Philosophical Society, the American Historical Association, and the Sloan Foundation. His areas of specialization were World War II, Vietnam War, Nuclear Age, the Holocaust, Peace History, Oral History and Modern American Political and Diplomatic Affairs."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. Any subsequent use of a reproduction in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement. When using electronic copies or images, please keep in mind that copyright law applies. It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder. Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact Special Collections. See less See less\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. Any subsequent use of a reproduction in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement. When using electronic copies or images, please keep in mind that copyright law applies. It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder. Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact Special Collections. 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Army--African American troops","Race discrimination--United States","United States--Armed Forces--African Americans","Race relations","Photography","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Italy","Military campaigns","World War, 1939-1945--Pictorial works","World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American","World War, 1939-1945--Regimental histories--United States","This collection is open to all researchers.","Creator","Coleridge Augustus Jemmott was born in Boston, MA on September 28, 1915. He was inducted into the United States Army Company \"I\" 22nd Quartermaster TRK Regiment which was an all African American company. He served in both Africa and Italy.","This collection was donated by Michele Jemmott Morris. The collection was acquired by the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience on May 10, 2011.","Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022.","Coleridge Augustus Jemmott was an African American soldier in the United States Army, \"I\" company, 22nd Quartermaster Regiment. He served in Italy and North Africa as a sergeant, transporting the \"Anizio Annie\" cannon, from 1942 to 1945. The collection contains photographs and ephemera from Jemmott's war years. There are sixty black-and-white photographs of Jemmott with his unit in North Africa and Italy. There is also a menu from a Casablanca restaurant, Port of Leghorn entry card, newspaper clippings, and a North African Theater uniform patch.","All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.","FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Jemmott, Coleridge Augustus","English"],"unitid_tesim":["05.0143","/repositories/10/resources/464"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1942-1946, Date acquired: 05/10/2011, bulk 1943"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Coleridge Augustus Jemmott papers, 1942-1946, Date acquired: 05/10/2011, bulk 1943"],"collection_title_tesim":["Coleridge Augustus Jemmott papers, 1942-1946, Date acquired: 05/10/2011, bulk 1943"],"collection_ssim":["Coleridge Augustus Jemmott papers, 1942-1946, Date acquired: 05/10/2011, bulk 1943"],"repository_ssm":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Jemmott, Coleridge Augustus"],"creator_ssim":["Jemmott, Coleridge Augustus"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Jemmott, Coleridge Augustus"],"creators_ssim":["Jemmott, Coleridge Augustus"],"access_terms_ssm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. 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He was inducted into the United States Army Company \"I\" 22nd Quartermaster TRK Regiment which was an all African American company. He served in both Africa and Italy.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Coleridge Augustus Jemmott was born in Boston, MA on September 28, 1915. He was inducted into the United States Army Company \"I\" 22nd Quartermaster TRK Regiment which was an all African American company. He served in both Africa and Italy."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection was donated by Michele Jemmott Morris. The collection was acquired by the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience on May 10, 2011.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTransferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives in July 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History","Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["This collection was donated by Michele Jemmott Morris. The collection was acquired by the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience on May 10, 2011.","Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], Coleridge Augustus Jemmott papers, Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_05_0143\"\u003ehttp://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_05_0143\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], Coleridge Augustus Jemmott papers, Special Collections \u0026 Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida.  http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_05_0143 ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eColeridge Augustus Jemmott was an African American soldier in the United States Army, \"I\" company, 22nd Quartermaster Regiment. He served in Italy and North Africa as a sergeant, transporting the \"Anizio Annie\" cannon, from 1942 to 1945. The collection contains photographs and ephemera from Jemmott's war years. There are sixty black-and-white photographs of Jemmott with his unit in North Africa and Italy. There is also a menu from a Casablanca restaurant, Port of Leghorn entry card, newspaper clippings, and a North African Theater uniform patch.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Coleridge Augustus Jemmott was an African American soldier in the United States Army, \"I\" company, 22nd Quartermaster Regiment. He served in Italy and North Africa as a sergeant, transporting the \"Anizio Annie\" cannon, from 1942 to 1945. The collection contains photographs and ephemera from Jemmott's war years. There are sixty black-and-white photographs of Jemmott with his unit in North Africa and Italy. There is also a menu from a Casablanca restaurant, Port of Leghorn entry card, newspaper clippings, and a North African Theater uniform patch."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"names_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Jemmott, Coleridge Augustus"],"corpname_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Jemmott, Coleridge Augustus"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"ebac59230d4b38e6209d856c","timestamp":"2026-07-10T08:14:24.664Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/ebac59230d4b38e6209d856c_aspace_190168"}},{"id":"8e8eb767b10f9dd7d311ef05_aspace_210673","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Menu from the Fable Restaurant in the Hotel Drake-Wiltshire, December 29, 1945","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/8e8eb767b10f9dd7d311ef05_aspace_210673#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_210673","ref_ssm":["aspace_210673","aspace_210673"],"id":"8e8eb767b10f9dd7d311ef05_aspace_210673","title_filing_ssi":"Menu from the Fable Restaurant in the Hotel Drake-Wiltshire","title_ssm":["Menu from the Fable Restaurant in the Hotel Drake-Wiltshire"],"title_tesim":["Menu from the Fable Restaurant in the Hotel Drake-Wiltshire"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["December 29, 1945"],"normalized_date_ssm":["December 29, 1945"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Menu from the Fable Restaurant in the Hotel Drake-Wiltshire, December 29, 1945"],"text":["Menu from the Fable Restaurant in the Hotel Drake-Wiltshire, December 29, 1945","Dorothy Marshman Fredrickson papers, 1942-1946, Date acquired: 10/16/2007","038","/repositories/10/archival_objects/136534","box 07.0117 - Box 1","object 038"],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ids_ssim":["8e8eb767b10f9dd7d311ef05"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Dorothy Marshman Fredrickson papers, 1942-1946, Date acquired: 10/16/2007"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Dorothy Marshman Fredrickson papers, 1942-1946, Date acquired: 10/16/2007"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"unitid_ssm":["038","/repositories/10/archival_objects/136534"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Dorothy Marshman Fredrickson papers, 1942-1946, Date acquired: 10/16/2007"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":38,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open to all researchers."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"date_range_isim":[1945],"containers_ssim":["box 07.0117 - Box 1","object 038"],"_nest_path_":"/components#37","_nest_parent_":"8e8eb767b10f9dd7d311ef05","_root_":"8e8eb767b10f9dd7d311ef05","timestamp":"2026-07-08T13:09:40.720Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"8e8eb767b10f9dd7d311ef05","title_filing_ssi":"Fredrickson,  Dorothy Marshman papers","title_ssm":["Dorothy Marshman Fredrickson papers"],"title_tesim":["Dorothy Marshman Fredrickson papers"],"ead_ssi":"8e8eb767b10f9dd7d311ef05","unitdate_ssm":["1942-1946","Date acquired: 10/16/2007"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1942-1946"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 10/16/2007"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["07.0117","/repositories/10/resources/926"],"text":["07.0117","/repositories/10/resources/926","Dorothy Marshman Fredrickson papers, 1942-1946, Date acquired: 10/16/2007","Deposit (N.Y.)","New York (N.Y.)","San Francisco (Calif.)","Bronx (New York, N.Y.)","Women--Employment","World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives","World War, 1939-1945","World War, 1939-1945--Women","World War, 1939-1945--United States","World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American","World War, 1939-1945--Women--United States","United States. Navy--Postal service","United States. Navy--Women","This collection is open to all researchers.","Dorothy Jane Marshman Fredrickson was born on July 15, 1924, in Deposit, New York, to Helen Pearsall Martin and William Daniel Marshman. Her father served in the Navy during both World Wars and was declared missing in action, later presumed dead, following the destruction of the USS  Barton  during the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal in 1942. In June of 1942, she graduated from Deposit Central High School. She then worked in the research laboratory of the American Casein Company (now known as AMCO Proteins) in Bainbridge, New York. Fredrickson enlisted as a WAVE in Birmingham in honor of her father shortly after her 20th birthday in July of 1943. She was sworn in in Rochester in late July.","Fredrickson received training at Hunter College in the Bronx, New York. She was assigned to the Pacific Fleet Post Office in San Francisco, California, where she worked as a section leader. She served there for the duration of the war. After the war she used the G.I. Bill to attend Cornell University. She majored in Biology as a pre-veterinary medicine program. She was honorably discharged in April 1946. On August 30, 1948, she married Elwood Harry Fredrickson.","Fredrickson passed away on May 22, 2006.","Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022.","Other collections held by the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience that are pertinent to this collection are the William Daniel Marshman collection (07.0115) and the Elwood Harry Fredrickson papers (07.0116).","This collection pertains to Dorothy Marshman Fredrickson who served as a WAVE at the United States Navy Fleet Post Office in San Francisco, California. The collection contains letters from Fredrickson to her mother and sister. There are also photocopies of scrapbook pages as well as leisure photographs, newspaper clippings, greeting cards, menus, ticket stubs, railroad timetables, playbills, and show programs from the scrapbooks. The collection also contains periodicals and other publications from various sources, most concerning the Navy and/or WAVES, and WAVES rules and regulations handbooks.","All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.","FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Hunter College","United States. Naval Reserve. 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