{"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1945\u0026page=100\u0026view=compact","prev":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1945\u0026page=99\u0026view=compact","next":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1945\u0026page=101\u0026view=compact","last":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1945\u0026page=657\u0026view=compact"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":100,"next_page":101,"prev_page":99,"total_pages":657,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":990,"total_count":6569,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"c5c7a60ad1585ca3dbd593be_aspace_4a9c9d94afabb089002853d108b9b282","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Comparison of Packing Cost of Various Packing Houses, 1935-1948","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/c5c7a60ad1585ca3dbd593be_aspace_4a9c9d94afabb089002853d108b9b282#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_4a9c9d94afabb089002853d108b9b282","ref_ssm":["aspace_4a9c9d94afabb089002853d108b9b282","aspace_4a9c9d94afabb089002853d108b9b282"],"id":"c5c7a60ad1585ca3dbd593be_aspace_4a9c9d94afabb089002853d108b9b282","title_filing_ssi":"Comparison of Packing Cost of Various Packing Houses","title_ssm":["Comparison of Packing Cost of Various Packing Houses"],"title_tesim":["Comparison of Packing Cost of Various Packing Houses"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1935-1948"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1935-1948"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Comparison of Packing Cost of Various Packing Houses, 1935-1948"],"text":["Comparison of Packing Cost of Various Packing Houses, 1935-1948","Thomas Mack Archives, 1910-2003","Citrus Industry","Economics","/repositories/3/archival_objects/38513","box 3","folder 7"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["c5c7a60ad1585ca3dbd593be","c5c7a60ad1585ca3dbd593be_aspace_f067f60a2f728233c8bcf918dc94cc41","c5c7a60ad1585ca3dbd593be_aspace_24be62c42d0fc809423a1ef1062bc2a6"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Thomas Mack Archives, 1910-2003","Citrus Industry","Economics"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Thomas Mack Archives, 1910-2003","Citrus Industry","Economics"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Subseries"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/3/archival_objects/38513"],"repository_ssim":["Thomas B. Mack Florida Citrus Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Thomas Mack Archives, 1910-2003"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":34,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the archives' ability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials"],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["This collection is owned by Florida Southern College and is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."],"date_range_isim":[1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948],"containers_ssim":["box 3","folder 7"],"_nest_path_":"/components#4/components#3/components#1","_nest_parent_":"c5c7a60ad1585ca3dbd593be_aspace_24be62c42d0fc809423a1ef1062bc2a6","_root_":"c5c7a60ad1585ca3dbd593be","_version_":1877193769379430400,"timestamp":"2026-09-24T06:31:24.773Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"c5c7a60ad1585ca3dbd593be","title_ssm":["Thomas Mack Archives"],"title_tesim":["Thomas Mack Archives"],"ead_ssi":"c5c7a60ad1585ca3dbd593be","unitdate_ssm":["1910-2003"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1910-2003"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["CIT1000","/repositories/3/resources/137"],"text":["CIT1000","/repositories/3/resources/137","Thomas Mack Archives, 1910-2003","Citrus fruit industry--Florida--History.","Nurseries (Horticulture)--Florida--History.","Citrus fruits--Diseases and pests--Control","Citrus--Fertilizers--Florida","Citrus fruits--Processing--Florida","Citrus fruits--Marketing--Florida","Citrus fruit industry--By-products","This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the archives' ability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials","Thomas B. Mack never owned a grove or operated a packinghouse, but nevertheless was an integral member of Florida's Citrus community for over half a century. Born in Orangeburg, South Carolina, on October 27, 1914, Mack himself always said that he may have been destined to join the citrus world. His family moved to Florida seven years after his birth, initially landing in Wauchula before finally settling in Plant City. Mack's father was involved in agriculture, managing the Wauchula-based Kilgore Seed Company (later known as the Asgrow Florida Company) during the 1920s.","Mack graduated from Plant City High School in 1933 and entered the University of Florida in 1934 with the intention of becoming a doctor. At the urging of a professor, he abandoned his plan and instead declared himself an Ornamental Horticulture major. In 1937, Mack got married and was forced to drop out of school. He worked with a candy company in Plant City before joining the army at the outbreak of World War II. Mack served throughout the war and returned to the University of Florida in 1946, graduating in 1947 with a degree in Ornamental Horticulture with an emphasis in landscape architecture. Prior to graduation, Mack received offers from Florida Southern College to join in the formation of a new Citrus Department, but he considered the salary too low and declined the offer.","Mack gained employment with the Department of Education in what was dubbed a \"veteran's vocational agriculture\" program, designed to allow veterans to utilize their GI Bill of Rights. He was given control of the citrus aspect of the program despite only having a basic knowledge of the subject, leading to an arrangement with Dr. A.F. Camp of the University of Florida Research Center in Lake Alfred, where Dr. Camp would handle the bulk of the teaching while Mack supervised and handled the more rudimentary tasks. The program benefited Mack as much as the veterans, as he gained five years of experience in the field before the program ended in 1951. In this same year, Mack was once again approached by Florida Southern College, and this time he accepted.","Mack and his colleagues had their work cut out for them, as the college's idea of a vocational program, designed to train students for jobs in the field, rather than a research-based program, was not entirely accepted by those in the collegiate community. Nevertheless, Mack and his peers eventually developed a premier citrus program at the school. Florida Southern had the benefit of having a large amount of grove land on campus, which Mack and his colleagues used extensively. Mack and fellow faculty member Raymond Lyle used their connections as University of Florida graduates to set up opportunities for students to learn at the Research Center in Lake Alfred. In addition to regular full-time students, Mack and his colleagues set up a part-time program where students from within the industry could be sent to be educated in the field, often financially backed by their employers. Mack was most effective at gaining industry support for the citrus program as a whole, even reviving the idea of an advisory board composed of industry leaders, known as the Citrus Advisory Committee.","In 1958, the program gained publicity when it moved into the Polk Science Building, designed by renowned architect Frank Lloyd Wright. Mack was often called upon to act as a P.R. man to visitors and as a campus liaison with Wright himself. He was initially excited to hear of plans for the first Wright-designed greenhouse in the world, but was dismayed to find it essentially useless when it was built almost entirely out of concrete, according to the architect's calculations on light needed for plant growth. This forced Mack to adopt the role of fund raiser, and he eventually raised funds to build a functioning greenhouse, which he cheekily dubbed the \"Frank Lloyd Wright Greenhouse.\" Throughout the remainder of his career, Mack was an effective if sometimes eccentric fund raiser, raising money for an even larger greenhouse and eventually an entirely new citrus building, which he dedicated to one of the primary benefactors, naming it the Jack M. Berry Citrus Building. Mack raised funds for a mini-bus for the department at an alumni dinner in 1978, where he convinced those attending that the doors were locked and they would not be opened until money had been raised.","Mack became chair of the Department in 1971, re-naming it the Citrus Institute. He served in this capacity for ten years, retiring from full-time teaching in 1981. In his honor, a \"Roast Professor Mack Night\" was held, upon which he received a $12,000 retirement gift. He continued teaching on a part-time basis until 1999, earning the title of Professor Emeritus. Throughout his half-century of teaching, Mack had taught many of the current industry leaders.","His retirement in 1999 came about so he could spend more time organizing a citrus archives collection which he had been assembling since 1947, when he first entered the citrus field. Throughout the remainder of his life he collected citrus labels, magazines, text books, photographs, business records, and other forms of citrus memorabilia, eventually amassing the world's largest collection of citrus-related items. Over 60,000 photos and 1,000 labels are present, and many books date to the nineteenth century, including an 1881 copy of Orange Culture. Mack's intention was to create an open source of information for the industry. The Jack M. Berry Citrus building was built with room for the collection, but it eventually outgrew these facilities and had to be moved elsewhere on the Florida Southern campus. The collection currently is housed in the Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay Jr. Archives Center on the Florida Southern campus.","Mack also made a name for himself as a writer. He was dubbed \"Mr. Citrifacts\" for his production of a column called \"Citrifacts,\" which contained random citrus-related trivia. These were later compiled into the books Citrifacts I and Citrifacts II, whose sale benefited Florida Southern College. He also wrote a column called Polk Garden Clinic, where he answered plant-related questions every Saturday for twelve years. He was also a prominent landscaper and community member, once having a day dedicated to him by the city of Lakeland. He was chosen for the honor of building a garden to represent it in the sister-city project with the Japanese city Imabari.","Mack was inducted to the Florida Citrus Hall of Fame in 1997. In 2004, the citrus world said goodbye to one of its most colorful members when Thomas B. Mack passed away due to cancer at the age of 90.\nBiographical Information found via Florida Citrus Hall of Fame website.","This collection contains information ranging from citrus pest biology to citrus products and byproducts.  It has business data on the industry, including individual groves' records, and photographical and historical accounts of citrus varieties and storage techniques.  It contains information on both pests and various pesticides, as well as soil health.  Other, non-citrus plants are included in this horticultural collection.  Lastly, this collection has a record of its own existence in Florida Southern's Archives.","This collection is owned by Florida Southern College and is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).","Thomas B. Mack Florida Citrus Archives","English"],"unitid_tesim":["CIT1000","/repositories/3/resources/137"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1910-2003"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Thomas Mack Archives, 1910-2003"],"collection_title_tesim":["Thomas Mack Archives, 1910-2003"],"collection_ssim":["Thomas Mack Archives, 1910-2003"],"repository_ssm":["Thomas B. Mack Florida Citrus Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Thomas B. Mack Florida Citrus Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["This collection is owned by Florida Southern College and is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was built by Professor Thomas Mack sometime prior to 2002."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Citrus fruit industry--Florida--History.","Nurseries (Horticulture)--Florida--History.","Citrus fruits--Diseases and pests--Control","Citrus--Fertilizers--Florida","Citrus fruits--Processing--Florida","Citrus fruits--Marketing--Florida","Citrus fruit industry--By-products"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Citrus fruit industry--Florida--History.","Nurseries (Horticulture)--Florida--History.","Citrus fruits--Diseases and pests--Control","Citrus--Fertilizers--Florida","Citrus fruits--Processing--Florida","Citrus fruits--Marketing--Florida","Citrus fruit industry--By-products"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3.45 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["3.45 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the archives' ability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the archives' ability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThomas B. Mack never owned a grove or operated a packinghouse, but nevertheless was an integral member of Florida's Citrus community for over half a century. Born in Orangeburg, South Carolina, on October 27, 1914, Mack himself always said that he may have been destined to join the citrus world. His family moved to Florida seven years after his birth, initially landing in Wauchula before finally settling in Plant City. Mack's father was involved in agriculture, managing the Wauchula-based Kilgore Seed Company (later known as the Asgrow Florida Company) during the 1920s.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMack graduated from Plant City High School in 1933 and entered the University of Florida in 1934 with the intention of becoming a doctor. At the urging of a professor, he abandoned his plan and instead declared himself an Ornamental Horticulture major. In 1937, Mack got married and was forced to drop out of school. He worked with a candy company in Plant City before joining the army at the outbreak of World War II. Mack served throughout the war and returned to the University of Florida in 1946, graduating in 1947 with a degree in Ornamental Horticulture with an emphasis in landscape architecture. Prior to graduation, Mack received offers from Florida Southern College to join in the formation of a new Citrus Department, but he considered the salary too low and declined the offer.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMack gained employment with the Department of Education in what was dubbed a \"veteran's vocational agriculture\" program, designed to allow veterans to utilize their GI Bill of Rights. He was given control of the citrus aspect of the program despite only having a basic knowledge of the subject, leading to an arrangement with Dr. A.F. Camp of the University of Florida Research Center in Lake Alfred, where Dr. Camp would handle the bulk of the teaching while Mack supervised and handled the more rudimentary tasks. The program benefited Mack as much as the veterans, as he gained five years of experience in the field before the program ended in 1951. In this same year, Mack was once again approached by Florida Southern College, and this time he accepted.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMack and his colleagues had their work cut out for them, as the college's idea of a vocational program, designed to train students for jobs in the field, rather than a research-based program, was not entirely accepted by those in the collegiate community. Nevertheless, Mack and his peers eventually developed a premier citrus program at the school. Florida Southern had the benefit of having a large amount of grove land on campus, which Mack and his colleagues used extensively. Mack and fellow faculty member Raymond Lyle used their connections as University of Florida graduates to set up opportunities for students to learn at the Research Center in Lake Alfred. In addition to regular full-time students, Mack and his colleagues set up a part-time program where students from within the industry could be sent to be educated in the field, often financially backed by their employers. Mack was most effective at gaining industry support for the citrus program as a whole, even reviving the idea of an advisory board composed of industry leaders, known as the Citrus Advisory Committee.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1958, the program gained publicity when it moved into the Polk Science Building, designed by renowned architect Frank Lloyd Wright. Mack was often called upon to act as a P.R. man to visitors and as a campus liaison with Wright himself. He was initially excited to hear of plans for the first Wright-designed greenhouse in the world, but was dismayed to find it essentially useless when it was built almost entirely out of concrete, according to the architect's calculations on light needed for plant growth. This forced Mack to adopt the role of fund raiser, and he eventually raised funds to build a functioning greenhouse, which he cheekily dubbed the \"Frank Lloyd Wright Greenhouse.\" Throughout the remainder of his career, Mack was an effective if sometimes eccentric fund raiser, raising money for an even larger greenhouse and eventually an entirely new citrus building, which he dedicated to one of the primary benefactors, naming it the Jack M. Berry Citrus Building. Mack raised funds for a mini-bus for the department at an alumni dinner in 1978, where he convinced those attending that the doors were locked and they would not be opened until money had been raised.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMack became chair of the Department in 1971, re-naming it the Citrus Institute. He served in this capacity for ten years, retiring from full-time teaching in 1981. In his honor, a \"Roast Professor Mack Night\" was held, upon which he received a $12,000 retirement gift. He continued teaching on a part-time basis until 1999, earning the title of Professor Emeritus. Throughout his half-century of teaching, Mack had taught many of the current industry leaders.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHis retirement in 1999 came about so he could spend more time organizing a citrus archives collection which he had been assembling since 1947, when he first entered the citrus field. Throughout the remainder of his life he collected citrus labels, magazines, text books, photographs, business records, and other forms of citrus memorabilia, eventually amassing the world's largest collection of citrus-related items. Over 60,000 photos and 1,000 labels are present, and many books date to the nineteenth century, including an 1881 copy of Orange Culture. Mack's intention was to create an open source of information for the industry. The Jack M. Berry Citrus building was built with room for the collection, but it eventually outgrew these facilities and had to be moved elsewhere on the Florida Southern campus. The collection currently is housed in the Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay Jr. Archives Center on the Florida Southern campus.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMack also made a name for himself as a writer. He was dubbed \"Mr. Citrifacts\" for his production of a column called \"Citrifacts,\" which contained random citrus-related trivia. These were later compiled into the books Citrifacts I and Citrifacts II, whose sale benefited Florida Southern College. He also wrote a column called Polk Garden Clinic, where he answered plant-related questions every Saturday for twelve years. He was also a prominent landscaper and community member, once having a day dedicated to him by the city of Lakeland. He was chosen for the honor of building a garden to represent it in the sister-city project with the Japanese city Imabari.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMack was inducted to the Florida Citrus Hall of Fame in 1997. In 2004, the citrus world said goodbye to one of its most colorful members when Thomas B. Mack passed away due to cancer at the age of 90.\nBiographical Information found via Florida Citrus Hall of Fame website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Thomas B. Mack never owned a grove or operated a packinghouse, but nevertheless was an integral member of Florida's Citrus community for over half a century. Born in Orangeburg, South Carolina, on October 27, 1914, Mack himself always said that he may have been destined to join the citrus world. His family moved to Florida seven years after his birth, initially landing in Wauchula before finally settling in Plant City. Mack's father was involved in agriculture, managing the Wauchula-based Kilgore Seed Company (later known as the Asgrow Florida Company) during the 1920s.","Mack graduated from Plant City High School in 1933 and entered the University of Florida in 1934 with the intention of becoming a doctor. At the urging of a professor, he abandoned his plan and instead declared himself an Ornamental Horticulture major. In 1937, Mack got married and was forced to drop out of school. He worked with a candy company in Plant City before joining the army at the outbreak of World War II. Mack served throughout the war and returned to the University of Florida in 1946, graduating in 1947 with a degree in Ornamental Horticulture with an emphasis in landscape architecture. Prior to graduation, Mack received offers from Florida Southern College to join in the formation of a new Citrus Department, but he considered the salary too low and declined the offer.","Mack gained employment with the Department of Education in what was dubbed a \"veteran's vocational agriculture\" program, designed to allow veterans to utilize their GI Bill of Rights. He was given control of the citrus aspect of the program despite only having a basic knowledge of the subject, leading to an arrangement with Dr. A.F. Camp of the University of Florida Research Center in Lake Alfred, where Dr. Camp would handle the bulk of the teaching while Mack supervised and handled the more rudimentary tasks. The program benefited Mack as much as the veterans, as he gained five years of experience in the field before the program ended in 1951. In this same year, Mack was once again approached by Florida Southern College, and this time he accepted.","Mack and his colleagues had their work cut out for them, as the college's idea of a vocational program, designed to train students for jobs in the field, rather than a research-based program, was not entirely accepted by those in the collegiate community. Nevertheless, Mack and his peers eventually developed a premier citrus program at the school. Florida Southern had the benefit of having a large amount of grove land on campus, which Mack and his colleagues used extensively. Mack and fellow faculty member Raymond Lyle used their connections as University of Florida graduates to set up opportunities for students to learn at the Research Center in Lake Alfred. In addition to regular full-time students, Mack and his colleagues set up a part-time program where students from within the industry could be sent to be educated in the field, often financially backed by their employers. Mack was most effective at gaining industry support for the citrus program as a whole, even reviving the idea of an advisory board composed of industry leaders, known as the Citrus Advisory Committee.","In 1958, the program gained publicity when it moved into the Polk Science Building, designed by renowned architect Frank Lloyd Wright. Mack was often called upon to act as a P.R. man to visitors and as a campus liaison with Wright himself. He was initially excited to hear of plans for the first Wright-designed greenhouse in the world, but was dismayed to find it essentially useless when it was built almost entirely out of concrete, according to the architect's calculations on light needed for plant growth. This forced Mack to adopt the role of fund raiser, and he eventually raised funds to build a functioning greenhouse, which he cheekily dubbed the \"Frank Lloyd Wright Greenhouse.\" Throughout the remainder of his career, Mack was an effective if sometimes eccentric fund raiser, raising money for an even larger greenhouse and eventually an entirely new citrus building, which he dedicated to one of the primary benefactors, naming it the Jack M. Berry Citrus Building. Mack raised funds for a mini-bus for the department at an alumni dinner in 1978, where he convinced those attending that the doors were locked and they would not be opened until money had been raised.","Mack became chair of the Department in 1971, re-naming it the Citrus Institute. He served in this capacity for ten years, retiring from full-time teaching in 1981. In his honor, a \"Roast Professor Mack Night\" was held, upon which he received a $12,000 retirement gift. He continued teaching on a part-time basis until 1999, earning the title of Professor Emeritus. Throughout his half-century of teaching, Mack had taught many of the current industry leaders.","His retirement in 1999 came about so he could spend more time organizing a citrus archives collection which he had been assembling since 1947, when he first entered the citrus field. Throughout the remainder of his life he collected citrus labels, magazines, text books, photographs, business records, and other forms of citrus memorabilia, eventually amassing the world's largest collection of citrus-related items. Over 60,000 photos and 1,000 labels are present, and many books date to the nineteenth century, including an 1881 copy of Orange Culture. Mack's intention was to create an open source of information for the industry. The Jack M. Berry Citrus building was built with room for the collection, but it eventually outgrew these facilities and had to be moved elsewhere on the Florida Southern campus. The collection currently is housed in the Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay Jr. Archives Center on the Florida Southern campus.","Mack also made a name for himself as a writer. He was dubbed \"Mr. Citrifacts\" for his production of a column called \"Citrifacts,\" which contained random citrus-related trivia. These were later compiled into the books Citrifacts I and Citrifacts II, whose sale benefited Florida Southern College. He also wrote a column called Polk Garden Clinic, where he answered plant-related questions every Saturday for twelve years. He was also a prominent landscaper and community member, once having a day dedicated to him by the city of Lakeland. He was chosen for the honor of building a garden to represent it in the sister-city project with the Japanese city Imabari.","Mack was inducted to the Florida Citrus Hall of Fame in 1997. In 2004, the citrus world said goodbye to one of its most colorful members when Thomas B. Mack passed away due to cancer at the age of 90.\nBiographical Information found via Florida Citrus Hall of Fame website."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains information ranging from citrus pest biology to citrus products and byproducts.  It has business data on the industry, including individual groves' records, and photographical and historical accounts of citrus varieties and storage techniques.  It contains information on both pests and various pesticides, as well as soil health.  Other, non-citrus plants are included in this horticultural collection.  Lastly, this collection has a record of its own existence in Florida Southern's Archives.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains information ranging from citrus pest biology to citrus products and byproducts.  It has business data on the industry, including individual groves' records, and photographical and historical accounts of citrus varieties and storage techniques.  It contains information on both pests and various pesticides, as well as soil health.  Other, non-citrus plants are included in this horticultural collection.  Lastly, this collection has a record of its own existence in Florida Southern's Archives."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is owned by Florida Southern College and is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["This collection is owned by Florida Southern College and is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."],"names_ssim":["Thomas B. Mack Florida Citrus Archives"],"corpname_ssim":["Thomas B. Mack Florida Citrus Archives"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":194,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1877193769379430400,"_root_":"c5c7a60ad1585ca3dbd593be","timestamp":"2026-09-24T06:31:24.773Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/c5c7a60ad1585ca3dbd593be_aspace_4a9c9d94afabb089002853d108b9b282"}},{"id":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_54689","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Compost and Composting, 1943-1945","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_54689#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_54689","ref_ssm":["aspace_54689","aspace_54689"],"id":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_54689","title_filing_ssi":"Compost and Composting","title_ssm":["Compost and Composting"],"title_tesim":["Compost and Composting"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1943-1945"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1943-1945"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Compost and Composting, 1943-1945"],"text":["Compost and Composting, 1943-1945","Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014","Natural History, 1853-1997.","Folder 3","/repositories/4/archival_objects/33756","box 155","folder 3"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_54625"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014","Natural History, 1853-1997."],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014","Natural History, 1853-1997."],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["Folder 3","/repositories/4/archival_objects/33756"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":3186,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The entire collection is open for research except for the following:\n\n  Boxes 180-181: Personal correspondence\n  Boxes 213-214: Manuscript of \"Brazil: Orchid of the Tropics\"\n"],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder."],"date_range_isim":[1943,1944,1945],"containers_ssim":["box 155","folder 3"],"_nest_path_":"/components#4/components#57","_nest_parent_":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_54625","_root_":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","timestamp":"2026-07-11T02:53:59.490Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","title_ssm":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection"],"title_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection"],"ead_ssi":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","unitdate_ssm":["1754-2014"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1754-2014"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 068","/repositories/4/resources/148"],"text":["SC 068","/repositories/4/resources/148","Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014","Marineland (Fla.)","Botany","Botany -- Brazil","Bromeliaceae","Bromelin","Cooking (Pineapples)","Pineapple","Plant hybridization","botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)","The entire collection is open for research except for the following:\n Boxes 180-181: Personal correspondence Boxes 213-214: Manuscript of \"Brazil: Orchid of the Tropics\"","The collection is divided into eight series by type of file.","Michael A. Spencer was born in Orlando and grew up in Winter Garden, Florida. He worked at Sand Hill Nursery near Lake Avalon and the Land of Bromeliads in Gotha before finding employment with Julian Nally. After the Nally estate was sold, Spencer worked for Racine Foster at Bromel-La. He graduated from UCF in 1990 summa cum laude with a BA in Liberal Studies and then found employment with Lyman B. Smith at the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History. Michael Spencer named a genus of bromeliads \"Racinaea\" in honor of Racine Foster. While engaged in his research, Spencer amassed this collection of materials concerning bromeliads and their collectors. He now lives in Frederick, Maryland where he has served on the Historic Preservation Commission since 2004.","Materials were rehoused in pH neutral folders and cartons. Photographs, negatives and slides were enclosed in polyester sleeves. Many of the materials were well organized and the arrangement was retained. The remainder were arranged by following the original arrangement as far as possible. Notes on folders were retained in the new folder. Paper clips were replaced with plastic clips or materials that belonged together were held together in a pH neutral paper sleeve. Loose-leaf notebooks that were badly rusted were discarded and the contents placed in folders. Items loose in the back of notebooks were foldered separately and marked accordingly. Notes from a film canister were written exactly as found as the label could not be removed. Albums falling apart were taken apart and foldered. Albums in reasonable condition had the photographs attached properly with corners and the pages interleaved to prevent sticking. Loose album pages in the Foster subseries on Plant Information were merely foldered as they were not in an album and were found without context. Collecion rehoused and finding aid revised by Chynna Thomas in 2023.","A large book collection accompanies this collection and may be accessed by performing a series search \"Michael A. Spencer Collection\" in the UCF Library  Online Catalog .  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Julian Nally ,  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Theodore Mead ,  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Henry Nehrling  and the  Henry Nehrling Papers  are also available in Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries. Some paintings by Mulford Foster are held at the  Harry P. Leu Gardens . The  Henry Nehrling Collection  and the  Theodore L. Mead Collection  are held at Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida. Lyman Smith's Papers are held at the  Smithsonian Institution Archives .","Series I: Mulford and Racine Foster Files, 1910-1991 documents the work of these two individuals in discovering and propagating bromeliads. Correspondence, publications, notebooks, drawings, research materials, memorabilia and photographs show all aspects of their work including plant collecting, landscape designing and publishing. Photographs may be black and white or color prints, negatives or slides. Additional materials about the Fosters may be found in Series II and III.","\nSeries II: Subject Files, 1880-2003 contains catalogues, journals, photographs, memorabilia and correspondence that Michael Spencer brought together under his chosen subject headings and arranged alphabetically. Many of the materials in this series originally came from Mulford and Racine Foster, which means that there is some overlap with the previous series. Spencer's own collecting interest lay in documenting the importance of bromeliads in society, and he collected many common items that showed bromeliads, especially pineapples.","\nSeries III: Author Files, 1754-1997 includes a variety of media used for research, such as articles, books, magazines, newspaper clippings, and photographs. There are a significant number of materials authored by Mulford and Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith, including original manuscripts.","\nSeries IV: Plants by Family Files, 1908-1990 contains alphabetical files on plant families, which include newspaper clippings, books and other research materials.","\nSeries V: Natural History Files, 1853-1997 holds alphabetical files on a wide range of natural history topics including plant societies, authors, drugs and diseases. The files contain published materials, photocopies, web resources, plant and geological samples that document's Michael's Spencer's considerable research interests.","\nSeries VI: Medicinal Files, 1988-1996 contains alphabetical files on diseases and therapies. Not all these files relate to plants though many of them concern natural therapies.","\nSeries VII: Lyman Smith Files: 1905-1994 holds alphabetical files that belonged to Lyman B. Smith. His notebooks, manscripts, teaching materials and correspondence may all be found here.","\nSeries VIII: Personal Files, 1863-2014 contains alphabetical files showing Spencer's interest in collecting books and his wide interests. Materials that do not clearly belong in the other series may be found here.","Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder.","Michael A. Spencer assembled this collection of publications, photographs, drawings, correspondence programs and other materials focusing on the discovery, taxonomy and cultivation of bromeliads. Mulford B. Foster, Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith are among the significant bromeliad collectors whose work is documented here.","UCF Special Collections","Bromeliad Society","Spencer, Michael A.","Smith, Lyman B.","Foster, Mulford B. (Mulford Bateman), 1888-1978","Foster, Racine, 1910-1991","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 068","/repositories/4/resources/148"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1754-2014"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014"],"collection_title_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014"],"collection_ssim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Marineland (Fla.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Marineland (Fla.)"],"creator_ssm":["Spencer, Michael A."],"creator_ssim":["Spencer, Michael A."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Spencer, Michael A."],"creators_ssim":["Spencer, Michael A."],"places_ssim":["Marineland (Fla.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Some of these materials were donated to and others were purchased by the University of Central Florida Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives from Michael A. Spencer in 2006 (CFM2006_09), 2011 (CFM2011_02), 2012 (CFM2012_10), and 2014 (CFM2014_01)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Botany","Botany -- Brazil","Bromeliaceae","Bromelin","Cooking (Pineapples)","Pineapple","Plant hybridization","botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Botany","Botany -- Brazil","Bromeliaceae","Bromelin","Cooking (Pineapples)","Pineapple","Plant hybridization","botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["130 Linear Feet 259 boxes, 2 flat files"],"extent_tesim":["130 Linear Feet 259 boxes, 2 flat files"],"genreform_ssim":["botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)"],"date_range_isim":[1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research except for the following:\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eBoxes 180-181: Personal correspondence\u003c/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eBoxes 213-214: Manuscript of \"Brazil: Orchid of the Tropics\"\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research except for the following:\n Boxes 180-181: Personal correspondence Boxes 213-214: Manuscript of \"Brazil: Orchid of the Tropics\""],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into eight series by type of file.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into eight series by type of file."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMichael A. Spencer was born in Orlando and grew up in Winter Garden, Florida. He worked at Sand Hill Nursery near Lake Avalon and the Land of Bromeliads in Gotha before finding employment with Julian Nally. After the Nally estate was sold, Spencer worked for Racine Foster at Bromel-La. He graduated from UCF in 1990 summa cum laude with a BA in Liberal Studies and then found employment with Lyman B. Smith at the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History. Michael Spencer named a genus of bromeliads \"Racinaea\" in honor of Racine Foster. While engaged in his research, Spencer amassed this collection of materials concerning bromeliads and their collectors. He now lives in Frederick, Maryland where he has served on the Historic Preservation Commission since 2004.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer was born in Orlando and grew up in Winter Garden, Florida. He worked at Sand Hill Nursery near Lake Avalon and the Land of Bromeliads in Gotha before finding employment with Julian Nally. After the Nally estate was sold, Spencer worked for Racine Foster at Bromel-La. He graduated from UCF in 1990 summa cum laude with a BA in Liberal Studies and then found employment with Lyman B. Smith at the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History. Michael Spencer named a genus of bromeliads \"Racinaea\" in honor of Racine Foster. While engaged in his research, Spencer amassed this collection of materials concerning bromeliads and their collectors. He now lives in Frederick, Maryland where he has served on the Historic Preservation Commission since 2004."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMichael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials were rehoused in pH neutral folders and cartons. Photographs, negatives and slides were enclosed in polyester sleeves. Many of the materials were well organized and the arrangement was retained. The remainder were arranged by following the original arrangement as far as possible. Notes on folders were retained in the new folder. Paper clips were replaced with plastic clips or materials that belonged together were held together in a pH neutral paper sleeve. Loose-leaf notebooks that were badly rusted were discarded and the contents placed in folders. Items loose in the back of notebooks were foldered separately and marked accordingly. Notes from a film canister were written exactly as found as the label could not be removed. Albums falling apart were taken apart and foldered. Albums in reasonable condition had the photographs attached properly with corners and the pages interleaved to prevent sticking. Loose album pages in the Foster subseries on Plant Information were merely foldered as they were not in an album and were found without context. Collecion rehoused and finding aid revised by Chynna Thomas in 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Materials were rehoused in pH neutral folders and cartons. Photographs, negatives and slides were enclosed in polyester sleeves. Many of the materials were well organized and the arrangement was retained. The remainder were arranged by following the original arrangement as far as possible. Notes on folders were retained in the new folder. Paper clips were replaced with plastic clips or materials that belonged together were held together in a pH neutral paper sleeve. Loose-leaf notebooks that were badly rusted were discarded and the contents placed in folders. Items loose in the back of notebooks were foldered separately and marked accordingly. Notes from a film canister were written exactly as found as the label could not be removed. Albums falling apart were taken apart and foldered. Albums in reasonable condition had the photographs attached properly with corners and the pages interleaved to prevent sticking. Loose album pages in the Foster subseries on Plant Information were merely foldered as they were not in an album and were found without context. Collecion rehoused and finding aid revised by Chynna Thomas in 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA large book collection accompanies this collection and may be accessed by performing a series search \"Michael A. Spencer Collection\" in the UCF Library \u003cextref href=\"https://library.ucf.edu\"\u003eOnline Catalog\u003c/extref\u003e. \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2006-08c\"\u003eMichael A. Spencer Collection on Julian Nally\u003c/extref\u003e, \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2006-08b\"\u003eMichael A. Spencer Collection on Theodore Mead\u003c/extref\u003e, \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2006-08a\"\u003eMichael A. Spencer Collection on Henry Nehrling\u003c/extref\u003e and the \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM1999-03\"\u003eHenry Nehrling Papers\u003c/extref\u003e are also available in Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries. Some paintings by Mulford Foster are held at the \u003cextref href=\"http://www.leugardens.org/\"\u003eHarry P. Leu Gardens\u003c/extref\u003e. The \u003cextref href=\"https://aspace.rollins.edu/repositories/2/resources/4\"\u003eHenry Nehrling Collection\u003c/extref\u003e and the \u003cextref href=\"https://aspace.rollins.edu/repositories/2/resources/97\"\u003eTheodore L. Mead Collection\u003c/extref\u003e are held at Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida. Lyman Smith's Papers are held at the \u003cextref href=\"http://siarchives.si.edu/\"\u003eSmithsonian Institution Archives\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["A large book collection accompanies this collection and may be accessed by performing a series search \"Michael A. Spencer Collection\" in the UCF Library  Online Catalog .  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Julian Nally ,  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Theodore Mead ,  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Henry Nehrling  and the  Henry Nehrling Papers  are also available in Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries. Some paintings by Mulford Foster are held at the  Harry P. Leu Gardens . The  Henry Nehrling Collection  and the  Theodore L. Mead Collection  are held at Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida. Lyman Smith's Papers are held at the  Smithsonian Institution Archives ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Mulford and Racine Foster Files, 1910-1991 documents the work of these two individuals in discovering and propagating bromeliads. Correspondence, publications, notebooks, drawings, research materials, memorabilia and photographs show all aspects of their work including plant collecting, landscape designing and publishing. Photographs may be black and white or color prints, negatives or slides. Additional materials about the Fosters may be found in Series II and III.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries II: Subject Files, 1880-2003 contains catalogues, journals, photographs, memorabilia and correspondence that Michael Spencer brought together under his chosen subject headings and arranged alphabetically. Many of the materials in this series originally came from Mulford and Racine Foster, which means that there is some overlap with the previous series. Spencer's own collecting interest lay in documenting the importance of bromeliads in society, and he collected many common items that showed bromeliads, especially pineapples.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries III: Author Files, 1754-1997 includes a variety of media used for research, such as articles, books, magazines, newspaper clippings, and photographs. There are a significant number of materials authored by Mulford and Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith, including original manuscripts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries IV: Plants by Family Files, 1908-1990 contains alphabetical files on plant families, which include newspaper clippings, books and other research materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries V: Natural History Files, 1853-1997 holds alphabetical files on a wide range of natural history topics including plant societies, authors, drugs and diseases. The files contain published materials, photocopies, web resources, plant and geological samples that document's Michael's Spencer's considerable research interests.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VI: Medicinal Files, 1988-1996 contains alphabetical files on diseases and therapies. Not all these files relate to plants though many of them concern natural therapies.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VII: Lyman Smith Files: 1905-1994 holds alphabetical files that belonged to Lyman B. Smith. His notebooks, manscripts, teaching materials and correspondence may all be found here.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VIII: Personal Files, 1863-2014 contains alphabetical files showing Spencer's interest in collecting books and his wide interests. Materials that do not clearly belong in the other series may be found here.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Series I: Mulford and Racine Foster Files, 1910-1991 documents the work of these two individuals in discovering and propagating bromeliads. Correspondence, publications, notebooks, drawings, research materials, memorabilia and photographs show all aspects of their work including plant collecting, landscape designing and publishing. Photographs may be black and white or color prints, negatives or slides. Additional materials about the Fosters may be found in Series II and III.","\nSeries II: Subject Files, 1880-2003 contains catalogues, journals, photographs, memorabilia and correspondence that Michael Spencer brought together under his chosen subject headings and arranged alphabetically. Many of the materials in this series originally came from Mulford and Racine Foster, which means that there is some overlap with the previous series. Spencer's own collecting interest lay in documenting the importance of bromeliads in society, and he collected many common items that showed bromeliads, especially pineapples.","\nSeries III: Author Files, 1754-1997 includes a variety of media used for research, such as articles, books, magazines, newspaper clippings, and photographs. There are a significant number of materials authored by Mulford and Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith, including original manuscripts.","\nSeries IV: Plants by Family Files, 1908-1990 contains alphabetical files on plant families, which include newspaper clippings, books and other research materials.","\nSeries V: Natural History Files, 1853-1997 holds alphabetical files on a wide range of natural history topics including plant societies, authors, drugs and diseases. The files contain published materials, photocopies, web resources, plant and geological samples that document's Michael's Spencer's considerable research interests.","\nSeries VI: Medicinal Files, 1988-1996 contains alphabetical files on diseases and therapies. Not all these files relate to plants though many of them concern natural therapies.","\nSeries VII: Lyman Smith Files: 1905-1994 holds alphabetical files that belonged to Lyman B. Smith. His notebooks, manscripts, teaching materials and correspondence may all be found here.","\nSeries VIII: Personal Files, 1863-2014 contains alphabetical files showing Spencer's interest in collecting books and his wide interests. Materials that do not clearly belong in the other series may be found here."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Copyright Statement"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_8e33310d6b1a70e4d88f1e2d3043cf71\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eMichael A. Spencer assembled this collection of publications, photographs, drawings, correspondence programs and other materials focusing on the discovery, taxonomy and cultivation of bromeliads. Mulford B. Foster, Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith are among the significant bromeliad collectors whose work is documented here.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer assembled this collection of publications, photographs, drawings, correspondence programs and other materials focusing on the discovery, taxonomy and cultivation of bromeliads. Mulford B. Foster, Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith are among the significant bromeliad collectors whose work is documented here."],"names_coll_ssim":["Bromeliad Society","Smith, Lyman B.","Foster, Mulford B. (Mulford Bateman), 1888-1978","Foster, Racine, 1910-1991"],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Bromeliad Society","Spencer, Michael A.","Smith, Lyman B.","Foster, Mulford B. (Mulford Bateman), 1888-1978","Foster, Racine, 1910-1991"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Bromeliad Society"],"persname_ssim":["Spencer, Michael A.","Smith, Lyman B.","Foster, Mulford B. (Mulford Bateman), 1888-1978","Foster, Racine, 1910-1991"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3662,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","timestamp":"2026-07-11T02:53:59.490Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_54689"}},{"id":"5d488af991589bd6d2af586c_aspace_210956","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Concentration Camps/Holocaust Related Photographs, December 1944-April 1945","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/5d488af991589bd6d2af586c_aspace_210956#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eContains images from the Buchenwald, Bergen-Belsen, Landsberg, Schwartenxenfield, Wetterfield, Hergenhein, Ohrdruf, Hanover-Harlen, and Nuremberg concentration camps. Also included in the photographs are Stalag VI-V, Stalag II-B, mass graves, forced labor workers, people who experienced and where impacted, Nazi prisoners of war, Russian prisoners of war, and German civilians viewing and burying the dead. The photographs are of the actual photographs with printed captions describing the photographs. These captions were included with the photographs to serve as evidence for American soldiers who were in Germany and got to view them.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/5d488af991589bd6d2af586c_aspace_210956#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_210956","ref_ssm":["aspace_210956","aspace_210956"],"id":"5d488af991589bd6d2af586c_aspace_210956","title_filing_ssi":"Concentration Camps/Holocaust Related Photographs","title_ssm":["Concentration Camps/Holocaust Related Photographs"],"title_tesim":["Concentration Camps/Holocaust Related Photographs"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["December 1944-April 1945"],"normalized_date_ssm":["December 1944-April 1945"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Concentration Camps/Holocaust Related Photographs, December 1944-April 1945"],"text":["Concentration Camps/Holocaust Related Photographs, December 1944-April 1945","William R. 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Ordnance Medium Maintenance Company, 132nd","Schreiber, Sylvia","Schreiber, Reuben","English"],"unitid_tesim":["17.0014","/repositories/10/resources/190"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1943-1945, Date acquired: 2017-08-03"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Reuben and Sylvia Schreiber papers, 1943-1945, Date acquired: 2017-08-03"],"collection_title_tesim":["Reuben and Sylvia Schreiber papers, 1943-1945, Date acquired: 2017-08-03"],"collection_ssim":["Reuben and Sylvia Schreiber papers, 1943-1945, Date acquired: 2017-08-03"],"repository_ssm":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Fort Dix (N.J.)","Camp Pickett (Va.)","Camp Gordon (DeKalb County, Ga.)","Fort Washington (Md.)","New York (State)--New York"],"geogname_ssim":["Fort Dix (N.J.)","Camp Pickett (Va.)","Camp Gordon (DeKalb County, Ga.)","Fort Washington (Md.)","New York (State)--New York"],"creator_ssm":["Schreiber, Sylvia","Schreiber, Reuben"],"creator_ssim":["Schreiber, Sylvia","Schreiber, Reuben"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Schreiber, Sylvia","Schreiber, Reuben"],"creators_ssim":["Schreiber, Sylvia","Schreiber, Reuben"],"places_ssim":["Fort Dix (N.J.)","Camp Pickett (Va.)","Camp Gordon (DeKalb County, Ga.)","Fort Washington (Md.)","New York (State)--New York"],"access_terms_ssm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Western Front","World War, 1939-1945--Great Britain","Jewish soldiers--United States","Ordnance--United States"],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Western Front","World War, 1939-1945--Great Britain","Jewish soldiers--United States","Ordnance--United States"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.5 Linear Feet 3 half boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1.5 Linear Feet 3 half boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1943,1944,1945,2017],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to all researchers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to all researchers."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eReuben Schreiber reported for duty and arrived at Fort Dix, N.J. on March 20, 1943, for in-processing. Reuben was transferred by train on March 24, 1943, to Fort Gordon, GA and assigned to the newly formed 136th Ordnance Company (Medium Maintenance).\u0026#xA0; Based on an assessment of Reuben's skills, he was selected for an administrative position with the company as an Orderly Sergeant and sent to the Adjutant General's School, Fort Washington, Maryland.\u0026#xA0; He reported September 9, 1943, and graduated on November 6, 1943.\u0026#xA0; Since the 136th Ordnance Company had transferred to Camp Pickett, VA, Reuben traveled by train to Camp Pickett. On December 17, 1944, the entire company departed from New York, NY and arrived in England on December 30, 1944.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Reuben Schreiber reported for duty and arrived at Fort Dix, N.J. on March 20, 1943, for in-processing. Reuben was transferred by train on March 24, 1943, to Fort Gordon, GA and assigned to the newly formed 136th Ordnance Company (Medium Maintenance).  Based on an assessment of Reuben's skills, he was selected for an administrative position with the company as an Orderly Sergeant and sent to the Adjutant General's School, Fort Washington, Maryland.  He reported September 9, 1943, and graduated on November 6, 1943.  Since the 136th Ordnance Company had transferred to Camp Pickett, VA, Reuben traveled by train to Camp Pickett. On December 17, 1944, the entire company departed from New York, NY and arrived in England on December 30, 1944."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection was donated by Maxine Schreiber Mohamed (daughter of Reuben and Sylvia Schreiber). The collection was acquired by the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience on August 3, 2017.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTransferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives in July 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History","Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["This collection was donated by Maxine Schreiber Mohamed (daughter of Reuben and Sylvia Schreiber). The collection was acquired by the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience on August 3, 2017.","Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], Reuben and Sylvia Schreiber papers, Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_17_0014\"\u003ehttp://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_17_0014\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], Reuben and Sylvia Schreiber papers, Special Collections \u0026 Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida.  http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_17_0014 ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains letters written by Reuben Schreiber and his wife Sylvia during World War II.\u0026#xA0; Reuben served with the 136th Ordnance Company (Medium Maintenance) in the U.S. and European Campaign. The letters discuss training, deployment to the European Theater, through to the time of discharge.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains letters written by Reuben Schreiber and his wife Sylvia during World War II.  Reuben served with the 136th Ordnance Company (Medium Maintenance) in the U.S. and European Campaign. The letters discuss training, deployment to the European Theater, through to the time of discharge."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Army. Ordnance Department","United States. Army. Ordnance Medium Maintenance Company, 132nd"],"names_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","United States. Army. Ordnance Department","United States. Army. Ordnance Medium Maintenance Company, 132nd","Schreiber, Sylvia","Schreiber, Reuben"],"corpname_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","United States. Army. Ordnance Department","United States. Army. Ordnance Medium Maintenance Company, 132nd"],"persname_ssim":["Schreiber, Sylvia","Schreiber, Reuben"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":43,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"4d0b06921c121de22c77beb4","timestamp":"2026-04-21T07:21:51.946Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/4d0b06921c121de22c77beb4_aspace_208359"}},{"id":"8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f_aspace_72f928ca172812537de773037c5c2206","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Concert Program, 1945-05-17","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f_aspace_72f928ca172812537de773037c5c2206#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_72f928ca172812537de773037c5c2206","ref_ssm":["aspace_72f928ca172812537de773037c5c2206","aspace_72f928ca172812537de773037c5c2206"],"id":"8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f_aspace_72f928ca172812537de773037c5c2206","title_filing_ssi":"Concert Program","title_ssm":["Concert Program"],"title_tesim":["Concert Program"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1945-05-17"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1945-05-17"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Concert Program, 1945-05-17"],"text":["Concert Program, 1945-05-17","Centro Asturiano de Tampa collection, 1902-2007, Date acquired: 00/00/1989, bulk 1902-1987","Ephemera","Theater (Teatro) Flyers \u0026 Programs, 1909-2002","/repositories/2/archival_objects/189704","box 103","folder 22"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f","8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f_aspace_86440","8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f_aspace_1125375505b9ea838a26c88221c9afde"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa collection, 1902-2007, Date acquired: 00/00/1989, bulk 1902-1987","Ephemera","Theater (Teatro) Flyers \u0026 Programs, 1909-2002"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa collection, 1902-2007, Date acquired: 00/00/1989, bulk 1902-1987","Ephemera","Theater (Teatro) Flyers \u0026 Programs, 1909-2002"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Box"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/2/archival_objects/189704"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa collection, 1902-2007, Date acquired: 00/00/1989, bulk 1902-1987"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":448,"parent_access_terms_tesm":["None. The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/for more information."],"date_range_isim":[1945],"containers_ssim":["box 103","folder 22"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#17/components#20","_nest_parent_":"8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f_aspace_1125375505b9ea838a26c88221c9afde","_root_":"8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f","_version_":1875301659078295552,"timestamp":"2026-09-03T09:17:07.659Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f","title_ssm":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa collection"],"title_tesim":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa collection"],"ead_ssi":"8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f","unitdate_ssm":["1902-2007","1902-1987","Date acquired: 00/00/1989"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1902-1987"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1902-2007"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 00/00/1989"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-1989-02","/repositories/2/resources/542"],"text":["MS-1989-02","/repositories/2/resources/542","Centro Asturiano de Tampa collection, 1902-2007, Date acquired: 00/00/1989, bulk 1902-1987","Tampa (Fla.) -- History","Cigar industry -- Florida -- Tampa","Cuba -- Relations -- Florida -- Tampa","Clubs -- Florida -- Tampa","Tampa (Fla.) -- Social life and customs","Playbills -- Florida -- Tampa","The Centro Asturiano de Tampa Collection is arranged into series according to subject. These include organizational, financial, ephemera, artifacts, photographs, and media. Records are arranged chronologically within each series. Boxes 159-243 contain financial records.","When Spanish immigrants came to Tampa in the 1890s, they brought with them the idea of the mutual aid society, a voluntary association or club that pooled resources to provide members with a variety of social, cultural, and economic benefits.  The first such club established in Tampa was the Centro Español, founded in 1891. The Centro Asturiano began in 1902 when a group of members seceded from the Centro Español to create a club that included healthcare.  Named for the northwest Spanish region of Asturias from which many of the founding members had come, the new society was chartered as a branch of the Centro Asturiano de Habana, and was known for decades as the \"Tampa Delegation\" of the Cuban organization.","On January 22, 1909, the club dedicated a handsome red brick building, which cost $75,000.  When fire destroyed the building in 1912, club members voted to build an even larger and more impressive facility. This columned, neoclassical building, which the  Tampa Morning Tribune  called \"the most beautiful building in the South,\" opened in 1914 at a cost of $110,000. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974 and retains its stature as one of the most outstanding structures in Tampa's Ybor City historic district. The club's cantina provided a pleasant atmosphere for members to spend their leisure time, a place to talk, play dominos, and smoke a cigar.  The palatial ballroom was the scene of glittering social affairs, balls, tea dances, and other activities. A space was set aside for a library and gymnasium as well to promote the club's mission of education, good health and the general well-being of its members. The Centro's building served as a center of social and cultural life for its community and is still owned by the club to this day.","A central part of club life was the building's elaborate theatre.  In its heyday, the Centro theatre was the venue for plays, operas, musicals, and other performances featuring both local talent and well-known Cuban, Spanish, and Italian entertainers who made Ybor City part of their tours. During the depression years of the 1930s, the Spanish language unit of the WPA Federal Theatre presented performances in the Centro's theatre, which was also used for cigar labor union meetings and other events.","The largest of all the Tampa fraternal clubs, the Centro expanded and flourished in the early decades of the twentieth century, due in large part to its acceptance of members from various ethnicities and its medical facilities. Following World War II however, membership gradually declined as economic and demographic changes eroded the cigar-making immigrant community.  Many of the services offered by the club either became functions of government agencies or were too expensive to maintain, lessening the advantages of membership. With the assimilation of its traditional membership base into the general population, the club was no longer the center of the cohesive ethnic community it once served. Despite adversity, the Centro Asturiano has endured, serving as an icon of heritage to descendants of the Spanish immigrants who played such a significant role in the development of modern Tampa.","Note written by Paul Camp, 2006; Joe Tamargo, 2011.","Centro Asturiano De Tampa Membership Records Photograph Collection . Tampa, Florida: University of South Florida Libraries, 2003.","Centro Asturiano Library Collection,  Special Collections Department, Tampa Library, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.","Centro Español De Tampa Collection , USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL. ","Cuban Club Records , USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL. ","The Centro Asturiano de Tampa Collection consists of club and hospital records, meeting minutes, photographs, ephemera, zarzuelas, playbills, financial records, memorias, and cemetery records. Artifacts include flags, trophies, printing plates, and various other items related to the club.","None. The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/for more information.","USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Centro Asturiano de Tampa","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-1989-02","/repositories/2/resources/542"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1902-2007, Date acquired: 00/00/1989, bulk 1902-1987"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa collection, 1902-2007, Date acquired: 00/00/1989, bulk 1902-1987"],"collection_title_tesim":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa collection, 1902-2007, Date acquired: 00/00/1989, bulk 1902-1987"],"collection_ssim":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa collection, 1902-2007, Date acquired: 00/00/1989, bulk 1902-1987"],"repository_ssm":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Tampa (Fla.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Tampa (Fla.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa"],"creator_ssim":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa"],"creators_ssim":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa"],"places_ssim":["Tampa (Fla.) -- History"],"access_terms_ssm":["None. The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/for more information."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa","Donation"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Cigar industry -- Florida -- Tampa","Cuba -- Relations -- Florida -- Tampa","Clubs -- Florida -- Tampa","Tampa (Fla.) -- Social life and customs","Playbills -- Florida -- Tampa"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Cigar industry -- Florida -- Tampa","Cuba -- Relations -- Florida -- Tampa","Clubs -- Florida -- Tampa","Tampa (Fla.) -- Social life and customs","Playbills -- Florida -- Tampa"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["164.7 Linear Feet","241 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["164.7 Linear Feet","241 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Playbills -- Florida -- Tampa"],"date_range_isim":[1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Centro Asturiano de Tampa Collection is arranged into series according to subject. These include organizational, financial, ephemera, artifacts, photographs, and media. Records are arranged chronologically within each series. Boxes 159-243 contain financial records.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Centro Asturiano de Tampa Collection is arranged into series according to subject. These include organizational, financial, ephemera, artifacts, photographs, and media. Records are arranged chronologically within each series. Boxes 159-243 contain financial records."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWhen Spanish immigrants came to Tampa in the 1890s, they brought with them the idea of the mutual aid society, a voluntary association or club that pooled resources to provide members with a variety of social, cultural, and economic benefits.  The first such club established in Tampa was the Centro Espa\u0026#xF1;ol, founded in 1891. The Centro Asturiano began in 1902 when a group of members seceded from the Centro Espa\u0026#xF1;ol to create a club that included healthcare.  Named for the northwest Spanish region of Asturias from which many of the founding members had come, the new society was chartered as a branch of the Centro Asturiano de Habana, and was known for decades as the \"Tampa Delegation\" of the Cuban organization.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOn January 22, 1909, the club dedicated a handsome red brick building, which cost $75,000.  When fire destroyed the building in 1912, club members voted to build an even larger and more impressive facility. This columned, neoclassical building, which the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eTampa Morning Tribune\u003c/emph\u003e called \"the most beautiful building in the South,\" opened in 1914 at a cost of $110,000. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974 and retains its stature as one of the most outstanding structures in Tampa's Ybor City historic district. The club's cantina provided a pleasant atmosphere for members to spend their leisure time, a place to talk, play dominos, and smoke a cigar.  The palatial ballroom was the scene of glittering social affairs, balls, tea dances, and other activities. A space was set aside for a library and gymnasium as well to promote the club's mission of education, good health and the general well-being of its members. The Centro's building served as a center of social and cultural life for its community and is still owned by the club to this day.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA central part of club life was the building's elaborate theatre.  In its heyday, the Centro theatre was the venue for plays, operas, musicals, and other performances featuring both local talent and well-known Cuban, Spanish, and Italian entertainers who made Ybor City part of their tours. During the depression years of the 1930s, the Spanish language unit of the WPA Federal Theatre presented performances in the Centro's theatre, which was also used for cigar labor union meetings and other events.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe largest of all the Tampa fraternal clubs, the Centro expanded and flourished in the early decades of the twentieth century, due in large part to its acceptance of members from various ethnicities and its medical facilities. Following World War II however, membership gradually declined as economic and demographic changes eroded the cigar-making immigrant community.  Many of the services offered by the club either became functions of government agencies or were too expensive to maintain, lessening the advantages of membership. With the assimilation of its traditional membership base into the general population, the club was no longer the center of the cohesive ethnic community it once served. Despite adversity, the Centro Asturiano has endured, serving as an icon of heritage to descendants of the Spanish immigrants who played such a significant role in the development of modern Tampa.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Paul Camp, 2006; Joe Tamargo, 2011.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["When Spanish immigrants came to Tampa in the 1890s, they brought with them the idea of the mutual aid society, a voluntary association or club that pooled resources to provide members with a variety of social, cultural, and economic benefits.  The first such club established in Tampa was the Centro Español, founded in 1891. The Centro Asturiano began in 1902 when a group of members seceded from the Centro Español to create a club that included healthcare.  Named for the northwest Spanish region of Asturias from which many of the founding members had come, the new society was chartered as a branch of the Centro Asturiano de Habana, and was known for decades as the \"Tampa Delegation\" of the Cuban organization.","On January 22, 1909, the club dedicated a handsome red brick building, which cost $75,000.  When fire destroyed the building in 1912, club members voted to build an even larger and more impressive facility. This columned, neoclassical building, which the  Tampa Morning Tribune  called \"the most beautiful building in the South,\" opened in 1914 at a cost of $110,000. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974 and retains its stature as one of the most outstanding structures in Tampa's Ybor City historic district. The club's cantina provided a pleasant atmosphere for members to spend their leisure time, a place to talk, play dominos, and smoke a cigar.  The palatial ballroom was the scene of glittering social affairs, balls, tea dances, and other activities. A space was set aside for a library and gymnasium as well to promote the club's mission of education, good health and the general well-being of its members. The Centro's building served as a center of social and cultural life for its community and is still owned by the club to this day.","A central part of club life was the building's elaborate theatre.  In its heyday, the Centro theatre was the venue for plays, operas, musicals, and other performances featuring both local talent and well-known Cuban, Spanish, and Italian entertainers who made Ybor City part of their tours. During the depression years of the 1930s, the Spanish language unit of the WPA Federal Theatre presented performances in the Centro's theatre, which was also used for cigar labor union meetings and other events.","The largest of all the Tampa fraternal clubs, the Centro expanded and flourished in the early decades of the twentieth century, due in large part to its acceptance of members from various ethnicities and its medical facilities. Following World War II however, membership gradually declined as economic and demographic changes eroded the cigar-making immigrant community.  Many of the services offered by the club either became functions of government agencies or were too expensive to maintain, lessening the advantages of membership. With the assimilation of its traditional membership base into the general population, the club was no longer the center of the cohesive ethnic community it once served. Despite adversity, the Centro Asturiano has endured, serving as an icon of heritage to descendants of the Spanish immigrants who played such a significant role in the development of modern Tampa.","Note written by Paul Camp, 2006; Joe Tamargo, 2011."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCentro Asturiano de Tampa collection, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa collection, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCentro Asturiano De Tampa Membership Records Photograph Collection\u003c/emph\u003e. Tampa, Florida: University of South Florida Libraries, 2003.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCentro Asturiano Library Collection,\u003c/emph\u003e Special Collections Department, Tampa Library, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCentro Espan\u0026#x303;ol De Tampa Collection\u003c/emph\u003e, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCuban Club Records\u003c/emph\u003e, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL. \u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Centro Asturiano De Tampa Membership Records Photograph Collection . Tampa, Florida: University of South Florida Libraries, 2003.","Centro Asturiano Library Collection,  Special Collections Department, Tampa Library, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.","Centro Español De Tampa Collection , USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL. ","Cuban Club Records , USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL. "],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Centro Asturiano de Tampa Collection consists of club and hospital records, meeting minutes, photographs, ephemera, zarzuelas, playbills, financial records, memorias, and cemetery records. Artifacts include flags, trophies, printing plates, and various other items related to the club.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Centro Asturiano de Tampa Collection consists of club and hospital records, meeting minutes, photographs, ephemera, zarzuelas, playbills, financial records, memorias, and cemetery records. Artifacts include flags, trophies, printing plates, and various other items related to the club."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone. The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright.\u0026#xA0; Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["None. The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/for more information."],"names_coll_ssim":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa"],"names_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Centro Asturiano de Tampa"],"corpname_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Centro Asturiano de Tampa"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1038,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1875301659078295552,"_root_":"8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f","timestamp":"2026-09-03T09:17:07.659Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f_aspace_72f928ca172812537de773037c5c2206"}},{"id":"71b8a757b0f138dee122db24_aspace_7358c77c007324041666202352352570","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Concert Program, Mailing List, and Correspondence, 1944-1945","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/71b8a757b0f138dee122db24_aspace_7358c77c007324041666202352352570#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_7358c77c007324041666202352352570","ref_ssm":["aspace_7358c77c007324041666202352352570","aspace_7358c77c007324041666202352352570"],"id":"71b8a757b0f138dee122db24_aspace_7358c77c007324041666202352352570","title_filing_ssi":"Concert Program, Mailing List, and Correspondence","title_ssm":["Concert Program, Mailing List, and Correspondence"],"title_tesim":["Concert Program, Mailing List, and Correspondence"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1944-1945"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1944-1945"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Concert Program, Mailing List, and Correspondence, 1944-1945"],"text":["Concert Program, Mailing List, and Correspondence, 1944-1945","Florida Bandmasters Association Records, 1936-2010","Contests and Other Events","Clinics","/repositories/2/archival_objects/39956","box 65","folder 9"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["71b8a757b0f138dee122db24","71b8a757b0f138dee122db24_aspace_d5fa145e78631057f66174abb968874c","71b8a757b0f138dee122db24_aspace_26486330ff9ecf468e771376c218301a"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Florida Bandmasters Association Records, 1936-2010","Contests and Other Events","Clinics"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Florida Bandmasters Association Records, 1936-2010","Contests and Other Events","Clinics"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Subseries"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/2/archival_objects/39956"],"repository_ssim":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Florida Bandmasters Association Records, 1936-2010"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":1288,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to\nunprocessed born digital materials."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Permission to publish materials from the Florida Bandmasters Association Records must be obtained from the Florida Bandmasters Association. Please inquire with the College Archivist if you have questions 863-616-6487"],"date_range_isim":[1944,1945],"containers_ssim":["box 65","folder 9"],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#2/components#1","_nest_parent_":"71b8a757b0f138dee122db24_aspace_26486330ff9ecf468e771376c218301a","_root_":"71b8a757b0f138dee122db24","_version_":1877102187519148032,"timestamp":"2026-09-23T06:15:45.471Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"71b8a757b0f138dee122db24","title_ssm":["Florida Bandmasters Association Records"],"title_tesim":["Florida Bandmasters Association Records"],"ead_ssi":"71b8a757b0f138dee122db24","unitdate_ssm":["1936-2010"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1936-2010"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS1000","/repositories/2/resources/26"],"text":["MS1000","/repositories/2/resources/26","Florida Bandmasters Association Records, 1936-2010","Florida Bandmaster Association","School bands--Florida--History","Music contests--Florida","Photographs--United States","Correspondence","Photographs","This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to\nunprocessed born digital materials.","The Florida Bandmasters Association (FBA) has guided the musical development of generations of Florida's high school students since 1936. Formed by a few visionary high school band directors from across Florida, the FBA sought to promote interest in high school bands and band contests during an era where few schools had bands but interest was growing, and to strengthen the professional standing of the state's band directors. The FBA sponsored a\nsingle State Festival for several years. In the late 1940's, the Festival became large enough that the state was divided into six geographical Districts, and District Contests were devised to serve as qualifiers for bands attending the State Contest. Since then, additional growth resulted in 10\nDistricts, then to 14, then to 15 in 1982, to 17 in 1987, and to 19 in 1995. There is still 19 districts.\nThroughout the years, the FBA has managed state- and district-level band festivals, clinics, and other events, ensuring that music remained in the public school curriculum and maintaining high musical standards for students. In 1966, the FBA completed an amicable merger with the Florida Association of Bandmasters, the equivalent organization for African-American schools\nprior to integration. The FABD had formed in 1941with Leander Kirksey as the first president. He was followed by George H. Hill (1955-1960) and James W. Wilson (1960-1966). Wilson later served as president of the FBA from 1974-1975. Early organizers and leaders of the FBA include some giants in the school band field, including first president Major Ed Chenette, P.J. Gustat, Browne Greaton Cole, and John J. Heney. For a complete list of presidents visit https://fba.flmusiced.org/about/history. FBA eventually became a component organization of the Florida Music Education Association.\nIn addition, the FBA had a relationship with the Florida High School Activities Association, from whom the FBA, and their associated events, received funding. John Joseph Heney, Sr. (1903-1978) was a percussionist, music educator, and historian. He played with numerous bands throughout his career, most notably the John Phillip Sousa Band during its final six years. In addition to playing professionally, Heney taught at numerous schools in the Florida area, including Ketterlinus High School, Stetson University, and DeLand High School, where he stayed for thirty-two years. He was a founder of the FBA and instrumental in starting the archives. For more information, please visit: http://www.pas.org/docs/defaultsource/SoundEnhancedPdfs/the-life-and-music-of-john-joseph-heney.pdf?sfvrsn=2","This collection documents the functions and activities of the Florida Bandmasters Association. Included are governance-related materials such as constitutions and bylaws, as well as informational bulletins; financial records; minutes of state, district, and committee meetings; and\ncorrespondence to and from Association leadership. Of note for genealogists are annual membership directories and membership applications from the 1940 into the 1960s that include a resume and photograph of each applicant. The collection also includes detailed records of band contests and festivals, with records pertaining to the administrative and logistical efforts as\nwell as results. Other documentary forms found in the collection are a small number of musical scores and cassette tapes of performances.","The records have been arranged in eight series, six of which have been further arranged in subseries.","Series 1: Bulletins, 1941-2010. Nine feet two inches or 22 boxes. Bulletins includes both State (1941-2010) and District (1946-1995) arranged separately and chronologically. The content of the bulletins changed slightly over the years, and may contain general information for the membership, meeting times, meeting agendas or minutes, and contest results. Some issues are missing.","Series 2: Constitutions, Bylaws, Handbooks, Manuals, \u0026 Proclamations, 1939-2010. 20 inches or 4 boxes. Arranged by year. Copies of the current constitution or by-law were often printed in an annual handbook.\nSeries 3: Contests and other events, 1936-1996. Twenty feet 5 inches or 49 boxes. Arranged in five subseries – Contests (1936-1996), Adjudication (1962-1992), Clinics (1943-1993), Music Lists (1954-1994), and Music Scores, n.d. Each subseries is arranged chronologically. Records include documents relating to events sponsored or managed by FBA, including district and state contests/festivals, the All-Star Marching Band, and All-State competitions.","Series 4: Correspondence, 1927-1994. Twelve feet, one inch or twenty-nine boxes. This series was maintained in original order (as found in 2018) which included materials by Correspondent (1927-1994), and more routine Business Correspondence by year (1948-1993). It contains a variety of letters from FBA presidents, executive secretaries, and other related people or organizations about finances, meetings, activities, events, and association history.\nSeries 5, Financial Records, 1939-2008. Two feet, eleven inches or seven boxes, arranged by year. Documents include ledgers, reports, and budgets at the state and district levels. Financial information can also be found in Bulletins and Minutes.","Series 6, Meetings, 1938-2009. Eight feet, nine inches or twenty-one boxes, arranged in four subseries and then chronologically. State and district meetings were held by officers and reflect decisions made for the group. State Minutes, 1938-1993 and District Minutes, 1945-2009 sometimes include agendas, but they typically describe the events of the meeting and may include a list of attendees, a statement of the issues considered by the participants, and related responses or decisions for the issues. The Committees, 1950-1993 minutes, arranged alphabetically by committee name are not a complete record of all committees. Some minutes were never filed with the main office. Some minutes of the committees are recorded in the bulletins. Decisions made at the business meeting attended by the general membership are found within the Summer Conventions, 1968-1993.","Series 7, Membership, 1949-2000. Three feet, ten inches or nine boxes. The Membership Applications, 1949-1985 from the earlier years often include a photograph and resume-like information. Directories, 1946-2000 are the compilation of information into a published booklet. The News includes some obituaries and newspaper clipping of some members.","Series 8, Related Materials, 1940-1974, n.d. Twenty inches, or five boxes. This last series includes materials by and about John J. Heney, Sr. Heney was a member of the Sousa Band Fraternal Society. Several boxes of materials reflect his involvement with the John Philip Sousa Band, and his interest in preserving Sousa's memory after the band leader's death. The Photographs include mostly albums of marching bands, but also of some band directors.","Permission to publish materials from the Florida Bandmasters Association Records must be obtained from the Florida Bandmasters Association. Please inquire with the College Archivist if you have questions 863-616-6487","The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections","Florida Bandmaster Association","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS1000","/repositories/2/resources/26"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1936-2010"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Florida Bandmasters Association Records, 1936-2010"],"collection_title_tesim":["Florida Bandmasters Association Records, 1936-2010"],"collection_ssim":["Florida Bandmasters Association Records, 1936-2010"],"repository_ssm":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections"],"repository_ssim":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections"],"creator_ssm":["Florida Bandmaster Association"],"creator_ssim":["Florida Bandmaster Association"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Florida Bandmaster Association"],"creators_ssim":["Florida Bandmaster Association"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish materials from the Florida Bandmasters Association Records must be obtained from the Florida Bandmasters Association. Please inquire with the College Archivist if you have questions 863-616-6487"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Beginning in 1967, John J. Heney took on the role of FBA archivist and began to assemble what records he could collect from former FBA presidents, executive director Robert Lampi, and individual bandmasters. Heney made arrangements with the University of Florida to store the records, which he delivered in several installments through 1978. In 1988, because of a connection between an FBA member and Florida Southern College, the collection was returned to the FBA and moved to FSC."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Florida Bandmaster Association","School bands--Florida--History","Music contests--Florida","Photographs--United States","Correspondence","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Florida Bandmaster Association","School bands--Florida--History","Music contests--Florida","Photographs--United States","Correspondence","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["60.5 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["60.5 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to\nunprocessed born digital materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to\nunprocessed born digital materials."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Florida Bandmasters Association (FBA) has guided the musical development of generations of Florida's high school students since 1936. Formed by a few visionary high school band directors from across Florida, the FBA sought to promote interest in high school bands and band contests during an era where few schools had bands but interest was growing, and to strengthen the professional standing of the state's band directors. The FBA sponsored a\nsingle State Festival for several years. In the late 1940's, the Festival became large enough that the state was divided into six geographical Districts, and District Contests were devised to serve as qualifiers for bands attending the State Contest. Since then, additional growth resulted in 10\nDistricts, then to 14, then to 15 in 1982, to 17 in 1987, and to 19 in 1995. There is still 19 districts.\nThroughout the years, the FBA has managed state- and district-level band festivals, clinics, and other events, ensuring that music remained in the public school curriculum and maintaining high musical standards for students. In 1966, the FBA completed an amicable merger with the Florida Association of Bandmasters, the equivalent organization for African-American schools\nprior to integration. The FABD had formed in 1941with Leander Kirksey as the first president. He was followed by George H. Hill (1955-1960) and James W. Wilson (1960-1966). Wilson later served as president of the FBA from 1974-1975. Early organizers and leaders of the FBA include some giants in the school band field, including first president Major Ed Chenette, P.J. Gustat, Browne Greaton Cole, and John J. Heney. For a complete list of presidents visit https://fba.flmusiced.org/about/history. FBA eventually became a component organization of the Florida Music Education Association.\nIn addition, the FBA had a relationship with the Florida High School Activities Association, from whom the FBA, and their associated events, received funding. John Joseph Heney, Sr. (1903-1978) was a percussionist, music educator, and historian. He played with numerous bands throughout his career, most notably the John Phillip Sousa Band during its final six years. In addition to playing professionally, Heney taught at numerous schools in the Florida area, including Ketterlinus High School, Stetson University, and DeLand High School, where he stayed for thirty-two years. He was a founder of the FBA and instrumental in starting the archives. For more information, please visit: http://www.pas.org/docs/defaultsource/SoundEnhancedPdfs/the-life-and-music-of-john-joseph-heney.pdf?sfvrsn=2\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Florida Bandmasters Association (FBA) has guided the musical development of generations of Florida's high school students since 1936. Formed by a few visionary high school band directors from across Florida, the FBA sought to promote interest in high school bands and band contests during an era where few schools had bands but interest was growing, and to strengthen the professional standing of the state's band directors. The FBA sponsored a\nsingle State Festival for several years. In the late 1940's, the Festival became large enough that the state was divided into six geographical Districts, and District Contests were devised to serve as qualifiers for bands attending the State Contest. Since then, additional growth resulted in 10\nDistricts, then to 14, then to 15 in 1982, to 17 in 1987, and to 19 in 1995. There is still 19 districts.\nThroughout the years, the FBA has managed state- and district-level band festivals, clinics, and other events, ensuring that music remained in the public school curriculum and maintaining high musical standards for students. In 1966, the FBA completed an amicable merger with the Florida Association of Bandmasters, the equivalent organization for African-American schools\nprior to integration. The FABD had formed in 1941with Leander Kirksey as the first president. He was followed by George H. Hill (1955-1960) and James W. Wilson (1960-1966). Wilson later served as president of the FBA from 1974-1975. Early organizers and leaders of the FBA include some giants in the school band field, including first president Major Ed Chenette, P.J. Gustat, Browne Greaton Cole, and John J. Heney. For a complete list of presidents visit https://fba.flmusiced.org/about/history. FBA eventually became a component organization of the Florida Music Education Association.\nIn addition, the FBA had a relationship with the Florida High School Activities Association, from whom the FBA, and their associated events, received funding. John Joseph Heney, Sr. (1903-1978) was a percussionist, music educator, and historian. He played with numerous bands throughout his career, most notably the John Phillip Sousa Band during its final six years. In addition to playing professionally, Heney taught at numerous schools in the Florida area, including Ketterlinus High School, Stetson University, and DeLand High School, where he stayed for thirty-two years. He was a founder of the FBA and instrumental in starting the archives. For more information, please visit: http://www.pas.org/docs/defaultsource/SoundEnhancedPdfs/the-life-and-music-of-john-joseph-heney.pdf?sfvrsn=2"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection documents the functions and activities of the Florida Bandmasters Association. Included are governance-related materials such as constitutions and bylaws, as well as informational bulletins; financial records; minutes of state, district, and committee meetings; and\ncorrespondence to and from Association leadership. Of note for genealogists are annual membership directories and membership applications from the 1940 into the 1960s that include a resume and photograph of each applicant. The collection also includes detailed records of band contests and festivals, with records pertaining to the administrative and logistical efforts as\nwell as results. Other documentary forms found in the collection are a small number of musical scores and cassette tapes of performances.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe records have been arranged in eight series, six of which have been further arranged in subseries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Bulletins, 1941-2010. Nine feet two inches or 22 boxes. Bulletins includes both State (1941-2010) and District (1946-1995) arranged separately and chronologically. The content of the bulletins changed slightly over the years, and may contain general information for the membership, meeting times, meeting agendas or minutes, and contest results. Some issues are missing.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Constitutions, Bylaws, Handbooks, Manuals, \u0026amp; Proclamations, 1939-2010. 20 inches or 4 boxes. Arranged by year. Copies of the current constitution or by-law were often printed in an annual handbook.\nSeries 3: Contests and other events, 1936-1996. Twenty feet 5 inches or 49 boxes. Arranged in five subseries \u0026#x2013; Contests (1936-1996), Adjudication (1962-1992), Clinics (1943-1993), Music Lists (1954-1994), and Music Scores, n.d. Each subseries is arranged chronologically. Records include documents relating to events sponsored or managed by FBA, including district and state contests/festivals, the All-Star Marching Band, and All-State competitions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Correspondence, 1927-1994. Twelve feet, one inch or twenty-nine boxes. This series was maintained in original order (as found in 2018) which included materials by Correspondent (1927-1994), and more routine Business Correspondence by year (1948-1993). It contains a variety of letters from FBA presidents, executive secretaries, and other related people or organizations about finances, meetings, activities, events, and association history.\nSeries 5, Financial Records, 1939-2008. Two feet, eleven inches or seven boxes, arranged by year. Documents include ledgers, reports, and budgets at the state and district levels. Financial information can also be found in Bulletins and Minutes.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6, Meetings, 1938-2009. Eight feet, nine inches or twenty-one boxes, arranged in four subseries and then chronologically. State and district meetings were held by officers and reflect decisions made for the group. State Minutes, 1938-1993 and District Minutes, 1945-2009 sometimes include agendas, but they typically describe the events of the meeting and may include a list of attendees, a statement of the issues considered by the participants, and related responses or decisions for the issues. The Committees, 1950-1993 minutes, arranged alphabetically by committee name are not a complete record of all committees. Some minutes were never filed with the main office. Some minutes of the committees are recorded in the bulletins. Decisions made at the business meeting attended by the general membership are found within the Summer Conventions, 1968-1993.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 7, Membership, 1949-2000. Three feet, ten inches or nine boxes. The Membership Applications, 1949-1985 from the earlier years often include a photograph and resume-like information. Directories, 1946-2000 are the compilation of information into a published booklet. The News includes some obituaries and newspaper clipping of some members.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 8, Related Materials, 1940-1974, n.d. Twenty inches, or five boxes. This last series includes materials by and about John J. Heney, Sr. Heney was a member of the Sousa Band Fraternal Society. Several boxes of materials reflect his involvement with the John Philip Sousa Band, and his interest in preserving Sousa's memory after the band leader's death. The Photographs include mostly albums of marching bands, but also of some band directors.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection documents the functions and activities of the Florida Bandmasters Association. Included are governance-related materials such as constitutions and bylaws, as well as informational bulletins; financial records; minutes of state, district, and committee meetings; and\ncorrespondence to and from Association leadership. Of note for genealogists are annual membership directories and membership applications from the 1940 into the 1960s that include a resume and photograph of each applicant. The collection also includes detailed records of band contests and festivals, with records pertaining to the administrative and logistical efforts as\nwell as results. Other documentary forms found in the collection are a small number of musical scores and cassette tapes of performances.","The records have been arranged in eight series, six of which have been further arranged in subseries.","Series 1: Bulletins, 1941-2010. Nine feet two inches or 22 boxes. Bulletins includes both State (1941-2010) and District (1946-1995) arranged separately and chronologically. The content of the bulletins changed slightly over the years, and may contain general information for the membership, meeting times, meeting agendas or minutes, and contest results. Some issues are missing.","Series 2: Constitutions, Bylaws, Handbooks, Manuals, \u0026 Proclamations, 1939-2010. 20 inches or 4 boxes. Arranged by year. Copies of the current constitution or by-law were often printed in an annual handbook.\nSeries 3: Contests and other events, 1936-1996. Twenty feet 5 inches or 49 boxes. Arranged in five subseries – Contests (1936-1996), Adjudication (1962-1992), Clinics (1943-1993), Music Lists (1954-1994), and Music Scores, n.d. Each subseries is arranged chronologically. Records include documents relating to events sponsored or managed by FBA, including district and state contests/festivals, the All-Star Marching Band, and All-State competitions.","Series 4: Correspondence, 1927-1994. Twelve feet, one inch or twenty-nine boxes. This series was maintained in original order (as found in 2018) which included materials by Correspondent (1927-1994), and more routine Business Correspondence by year (1948-1993). It contains a variety of letters from FBA presidents, executive secretaries, and other related people or organizations about finances, meetings, activities, events, and association history.\nSeries 5, Financial Records, 1939-2008. Two feet, eleven inches or seven boxes, arranged by year. Documents include ledgers, reports, and budgets at the state and district levels. Financial information can also be found in Bulletins and Minutes.","Series 6, Meetings, 1938-2009. Eight feet, nine inches or twenty-one boxes, arranged in four subseries and then chronologically. State and district meetings were held by officers and reflect decisions made for the group. State Minutes, 1938-1993 and District Minutes, 1945-2009 sometimes include agendas, but they typically describe the events of the meeting and may include a list of attendees, a statement of the issues considered by the participants, and related responses or decisions for the issues. The Committees, 1950-1993 minutes, arranged alphabetically by committee name are not a complete record of all committees. Some minutes were never filed with the main office. Some minutes of the committees are recorded in the bulletins. Decisions made at the business meeting attended by the general membership are found within the Summer Conventions, 1968-1993.","Series 7, Membership, 1949-2000. Three feet, ten inches or nine boxes. The Membership Applications, 1949-1985 from the earlier years often include a photograph and resume-like information. Directories, 1946-2000 are the compilation of information into a published booklet. The News includes some obituaries and newspaper clipping of some members.","Series 8, Related Materials, 1940-1974, n.d. Twenty inches, or five boxes. This last series includes materials by and about John J. Heney, Sr. Heney was a member of the Sousa Band Fraternal Society. Several boxes of materials reflect his involvement with the John Philip Sousa Band, and his interest in preserving Sousa's memory after the band leader's death. The Photographs include mostly albums of marching bands, but also of some band directors."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish materials from the Florida Bandmasters Association Records must be obtained from the Florida Bandmasters Association. Please inquire with the College Archivist if you have questions 863-616-6487\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish materials from the Florida Bandmasters Association Records must be obtained from the Florida Bandmasters Association. Please inquire with the College Archivist if you have questions 863-616-6487"],"names_ssim":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections","Florida Bandmaster Association"],"corpname_ssim":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections","Florida Bandmaster Association"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2839,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1877102187519148032,"_root_":"71b8a757b0f138dee122db24","timestamp":"2026-09-23T06:15:45.471Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/71b8a757b0f138dee122db24_aspace_7358c77c007324041666202352352570"}},{"id":"71b8a757b0f138dee122db24_aspace_53ffdc37689849323d5199c170bf9416","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Concert Program, Mailing List, and Correspondence, 1945-1946","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/71b8a757b0f138dee122db24_aspace_53ffdc37689849323d5199c170bf9416#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_53ffdc37689849323d5199c170bf9416","ref_ssm":["aspace_53ffdc37689849323d5199c170bf9416","aspace_53ffdc37689849323d5199c170bf9416"],"id":"71b8a757b0f138dee122db24_aspace_53ffdc37689849323d5199c170bf9416","title_filing_ssi":"Concert Program, Mailing List, and Correspondence","title_ssm":["Concert Program, Mailing List, and Correspondence"],"title_tesim":["Concert Program, Mailing List, and Correspondence"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1945-1946"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1945-1946"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Concert Program, Mailing List, and Correspondence, 1945-1946"],"text":["Concert Program, Mailing List, and Correspondence, 1945-1946","Florida Bandmasters Association Records, 1936-2010","Contests and Other Events","Clinics","/repositories/2/archival_objects/39957","box 65","folder 10"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["71b8a757b0f138dee122db24","71b8a757b0f138dee122db24_aspace_d5fa145e78631057f66174abb968874c","71b8a757b0f138dee122db24_aspace_26486330ff9ecf468e771376c218301a"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Florida Bandmasters Association Records, 1936-2010","Contests and Other Events","Clinics"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Florida Bandmasters Association Records, 1936-2010","Contests and Other Events","Clinics"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Subseries"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/2/archival_objects/39957"],"repository_ssim":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Florida Bandmasters Association Records, 1936-2010"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":1289,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to\nunprocessed born digital materials."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Permission to publish materials from the Florida Bandmasters Association Records must be obtained from the Florida Bandmasters Association. Please inquire with the College Archivist if you have questions 863-616-6487"],"date_range_isim":[1945,1946],"containers_ssim":["box 65","folder 10"],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#2/components#2","_nest_parent_":"71b8a757b0f138dee122db24_aspace_26486330ff9ecf468e771376c218301a","_root_":"71b8a757b0f138dee122db24","_version_":1877102187519148032,"timestamp":"2026-09-23T06:15:45.471Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"71b8a757b0f138dee122db24","title_ssm":["Florida Bandmasters Association Records"],"title_tesim":["Florida Bandmasters Association Records"],"ead_ssi":"71b8a757b0f138dee122db24","unitdate_ssm":["1936-2010"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1936-2010"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS1000","/repositories/2/resources/26"],"text":["MS1000","/repositories/2/resources/26","Florida Bandmasters Association Records, 1936-2010","Florida Bandmaster Association","School bands--Florida--History","Music contests--Florida","Photographs--United States","Correspondence","Photographs","This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to\nunprocessed born digital materials.","The Florida Bandmasters Association (FBA) has guided the musical development of generations of Florida's high school students since 1936. Formed by a few visionary high school band directors from across Florida, the FBA sought to promote interest in high school bands and band contests during an era where few schools had bands but interest was growing, and to strengthen the professional standing of the state's band directors. The FBA sponsored a\nsingle State Festival for several years. In the late 1940's, the Festival became large enough that the state was divided into six geographical Districts, and District Contests were devised to serve as qualifiers for bands attending the State Contest. Since then, additional growth resulted in 10\nDistricts, then to 14, then to 15 in 1982, to 17 in 1987, and to 19 in 1995. There is still 19 districts.\nThroughout the years, the FBA has managed state- and district-level band festivals, clinics, and other events, ensuring that music remained in the public school curriculum and maintaining high musical standards for students. In 1966, the FBA completed an amicable merger with the Florida Association of Bandmasters, the equivalent organization for African-American schools\nprior to integration. The FABD had formed in 1941with Leander Kirksey as the first president. He was followed by George H. Hill (1955-1960) and James W. Wilson (1960-1966). Wilson later served as president of the FBA from 1974-1975. Early organizers and leaders of the FBA include some giants in the school band field, including first president Major Ed Chenette, P.J. Gustat, Browne Greaton Cole, and John J. Heney. For a complete list of presidents visit https://fba.flmusiced.org/about/history. FBA eventually became a component organization of the Florida Music Education Association.\nIn addition, the FBA had a relationship with the Florida High School Activities Association, from whom the FBA, and their associated events, received funding. John Joseph Heney, Sr. (1903-1978) was a percussionist, music educator, and historian. He played with numerous bands throughout his career, most notably the John Phillip Sousa Band during its final six years. In addition to playing professionally, Heney taught at numerous schools in the Florida area, including Ketterlinus High School, Stetson University, and DeLand High School, where he stayed for thirty-two years. He was a founder of the FBA and instrumental in starting the archives. For more information, please visit: http://www.pas.org/docs/defaultsource/SoundEnhancedPdfs/the-life-and-music-of-john-joseph-heney.pdf?sfvrsn=2","This collection documents the functions and activities of the Florida Bandmasters Association. Included are governance-related materials such as constitutions and bylaws, as well as informational bulletins; financial records; minutes of state, district, and committee meetings; and\ncorrespondence to and from Association leadership. Of note for genealogists are annual membership directories and membership applications from the 1940 into the 1960s that include a resume and photograph of each applicant. The collection also includes detailed records of band contests and festivals, with records pertaining to the administrative and logistical efforts as\nwell as results. Other documentary forms found in the collection are a small number of musical scores and cassette tapes of performances.","The records have been arranged in eight series, six of which have been further arranged in subseries.","Series 1: Bulletins, 1941-2010. Nine feet two inches or 22 boxes. Bulletins includes both State (1941-2010) and District (1946-1995) arranged separately and chronologically. The content of the bulletins changed slightly over the years, and may contain general information for the membership, meeting times, meeting agendas or minutes, and contest results. Some issues are missing.","Series 2: Constitutions, Bylaws, Handbooks, Manuals, \u0026 Proclamations, 1939-2010. 20 inches or 4 boxes. Arranged by year. Copies of the current constitution or by-law were often printed in an annual handbook.\nSeries 3: Contests and other events, 1936-1996. Twenty feet 5 inches or 49 boxes. Arranged in five subseries – Contests (1936-1996), Adjudication (1962-1992), Clinics (1943-1993), Music Lists (1954-1994), and Music Scores, n.d. Each subseries is arranged chronologically. Records include documents relating to events sponsored or managed by FBA, including district and state contests/festivals, the All-Star Marching Band, and All-State competitions.","Series 4: Correspondence, 1927-1994. Twelve feet, one inch or twenty-nine boxes. This series was maintained in original order (as found in 2018) which included materials by Correspondent (1927-1994), and more routine Business Correspondence by year (1948-1993). It contains a variety of letters from FBA presidents, executive secretaries, and other related people or organizations about finances, meetings, activities, events, and association history.\nSeries 5, Financial Records, 1939-2008. Two feet, eleven inches or seven boxes, arranged by year. Documents include ledgers, reports, and budgets at the state and district levels. Financial information can also be found in Bulletins and Minutes.","Series 6, Meetings, 1938-2009. Eight feet, nine inches or twenty-one boxes, arranged in four subseries and then chronologically. State and district meetings were held by officers and reflect decisions made for the group. State Minutes, 1938-1993 and District Minutes, 1945-2009 sometimes include agendas, but they typically describe the events of the meeting and may include a list of attendees, a statement of the issues considered by the participants, and related responses or decisions for the issues. The Committees, 1950-1993 minutes, arranged alphabetically by committee name are not a complete record of all committees. Some minutes were never filed with the main office. Some minutes of the committees are recorded in the bulletins. Decisions made at the business meeting attended by the general membership are found within the Summer Conventions, 1968-1993.","Series 7, Membership, 1949-2000. Three feet, ten inches or nine boxes. The Membership Applications, 1949-1985 from the earlier years often include a photograph and resume-like information. Directories, 1946-2000 are the compilation of information into a published booklet. The News includes some obituaries and newspaper clipping of some members.","Series 8, Related Materials, 1940-1974, n.d. Twenty inches, or five boxes. This last series includes materials by and about John J. Heney, Sr. Heney was a member of the Sousa Band Fraternal Society. Several boxes of materials reflect his involvement with the John Philip Sousa Band, and his interest in preserving Sousa's memory after the band leader's death. The Photographs include mostly albums of marching bands, but also of some band directors.","Permission to publish materials from the Florida Bandmasters Association Records must be obtained from the Florida Bandmasters Association. Please inquire with the College Archivist if you have questions 863-616-6487","The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections","Florida Bandmaster Association","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS1000","/repositories/2/resources/26"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1936-2010"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Florida Bandmasters Association Records, 1936-2010"],"collection_title_tesim":["Florida Bandmasters Association Records, 1936-2010"],"collection_ssim":["Florida Bandmasters Association Records, 1936-2010"],"repository_ssm":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections"],"repository_ssim":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections"],"creator_ssm":["Florida Bandmaster Association"],"creator_ssim":["Florida Bandmaster Association"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Florida Bandmaster Association"],"creators_ssim":["Florida Bandmaster Association"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish materials from the Florida Bandmasters Association Records must be obtained from the Florida Bandmasters Association. Please inquire with the College Archivist if you have questions 863-616-6487"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Beginning in 1967, John J. Heney took on the role of FBA archivist and began to assemble what records he could collect from former FBA presidents, executive director Robert Lampi, and individual bandmasters. Heney made arrangements with the University of Florida to store the records, which he delivered in several installments through 1978. In 1988, because of a connection between an FBA member and Florida Southern College, the collection was returned to the FBA and moved to FSC."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Florida Bandmaster Association","School bands--Florida--History","Music contests--Florida","Photographs--United States","Correspondence","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Florida Bandmaster Association","School bands--Florida--History","Music contests--Florida","Photographs--United States","Correspondence","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["60.5 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["60.5 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to\nunprocessed born digital materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to\nunprocessed born digital materials."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Florida Bandmasters Association (FBA) has guided the musical development of generations of Florida's high school students since 1936. Formed by a few visionary high school band directors from across Florida, the FBA sought to promote interest in high school bands and band contests during an era where few schools had bands but interest was growing, and to strengthen the professional standing of the state's band directors. The FBA sponsored a\nsingle State Festival for several years. In the late 1940's, the Festival became large enough that the state was divided into six geographical Districts, and District Contests were devised to serve as qualifiers for bands attending the State Contest. Since then, additional growth resulted in 10\nDistricts, then to 14, then to 15 in 1982, to 17 in 1987, and to 19 in 1995. There is still 19 districts.\nThroughout the years, the FBA has managed state- and district-level band festivals, clinics, and other events, ensuring that music remained in the public school curriculum and maintaining high musical standards for students. In 1966, the FBA completed an amicable merger with the Florida Association of Bandmasters, the equivalent organization for African-American schools\nprior to integration. The FABD had formed in 1941with Leander Kirksey as the first president. He was followed by George H. Hill (1955-1960) and James W. Wilson (1960-1966). Wilson later served as president of the FBA from 1974-1975. Early organizers and leaders of the FBA include some giants in the school band field, including first president Major Ed Chenette, P.J. Gustat, Browne Greaton Cole, and John J. Heney. For a complete list of presidents visit https://fba.flmusiced.org/about/history. FBA eventually became a component organization of the Florida Music Education Association.\nIn addition, the FBA had a relationship with the Florida High School Activities Association, from whom the FBA, and their associated events, received funding. John Joseph Heney, Sr. (1903-1978) was a percussionist, music educator, and historian. He played with numerous bands throughout his career, most notably the John Phillip Sousa Band during its final six years. In addition to playing professionally, Heney taught at numerous schools in the Florida area, including Ketterlinus High School, Stetson University, and DeLand High School, where he stayed for thirty-two years. He was a founder of the FBA and instrumental in starting the archives. For more information, please visit: http://www.pas.org/docs/defaultsource/SoundEnhancedPdfs/the-life-and-music-of-john-joseph-heney.pdf?sfvrsn=2\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Florida Bandmasters Association (FBA) has guided the musical development of generations of Florida's high school students since 1936. Formed by a few visionary high school band directors from across Florida, the FBA sought to promote interest in high school bands and band contests during an era where few schools had bands but interest was growing, and to strengthen the professional standing of the state's band directors. The FBA sponsored a\nsingle State Festival for several years. In the late 1940's, the Festival became large enough that the state was divided into six geographical Districts, and District Contests were devised to serve as qualifiers for bands attending the State Contest. Since then, additional growth resulted in 10\nDistricts, then to 14, then to 15 in 1982, to 17 in 1987, and to 19 in 1995. There is still 19 districts.\nThroughout the years, the FBA has managed state- and district-level band festivals, clinics, and other events, ensuring that music remained in the public school curriculum and maintaining high musical standards for students. In 1966, the FBA completed an amicable merger with the Florida Association of Bandmasters, the equivalent organization for African-American schools\nprior to integration. The FABD had formed in 1941with Leander Kirksey as the first president. He was followed by George H. Hill (1955-1960) and James W. Wilson (1960-1966). Wilson later served as president of the FBA from 1974-1975. Early organizers and leaders of the FBA include some giants in the school band field, including first president Major Ed Chenette, P.J. Gustat, Browne Greaton Cole, and John J. Heney. For a complete list of presidents visit https://fba.flmusiced.org/about/history. FBA eventually became a component organization of the Florida Music Education Association.\nIn addition, the FBA had a relationship with the Florida High School Activities Association, from whom the FBA, and their associated events, received funding. John Joseph Heney, Sr. (1903-1978) was a percussionist, music educator, and historian. He played with numerous bands throughout his career, most notably the John Phillip Sousa Band during its final six years. In addition to playing professionally, Heney taught at numerous schools in the Florida area, including Ketterlinus High School, Stetson University, and DeLand High School, where he stayed for thirty-two years. He was a founder of the FBA and instrumental in starting the archives. For more information, please visit: http://www.pas.org/docs/defaultsource/SoundEnhancedPdfs/the-life-and-music-of-john-joseph-heney.pdf?sfvrsn=2"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection documents the functions and activities of the Florida Bandmasters Association. Included are governance-related materials such as constitutions and bylaws, as well as informational bulletins; financial records; minutes of state, district, and committee meetings; and\ncorrespondence to and from Association leadership. Of note for genealogists are annual membership directories and membership applications from the 1940 into the 1960s that include a resume and photograph of each applicant. The collection also includes detailed records of band contests and festivals, with records pertaining to the administrative and logistical efforts as\nwell as results. Other documentary forms found in the collection are a small number of musical scores and cassette tapes of performances.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe records have been arranged in eight series, six of which have been further arranged in subseries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Bulletins, 1941-2010. Nine feet two inches or 22 boxes. Bulletins includes both State (1941-2010) and District (1946-1995) arranged separately and chronologically. The content of the bulletins changed slightly over the years, and may contain general information for the membership, meeting times, meeting agendas or minutes, and contest results. Some issues are missing.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Constitutions, Bylaws, Handbooks, Manuals, \u0026amp; Proclamations, 1939-2010. 20 inches or 4 boxes. Arranged by year. Copies of the current constitution or by-law were often printed in an annual handbook.\nSeries 3: Contests and other events, 1936-1996. Twenty feet 5 inches or 49 boxes. Arranged in five subseries \u0026#x2013; Contests (1936-1996), Adjudication (1962-1992), Clinics (1943-1993), Music Lists (1954-1994), and Music Scores, n.d. Each subseries is arranged chronologically. Records include documents relating to events sponsored or managed by FBA, including district and state contests/festivals, the All-Star Marching Band, and All-State competitions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Correspondence, 1927-1994. Twelve feet, one inch or twenty-nine boxes. This series was maintained in original order (as found in 2018) which included materials by Correspondent (1927-1994), and more routine Business Correspondence by year (1948-1993). It contains a variety of letters from FBA presidents, executive secretaries, and other related people or organizations about finances, meetings, activities, events, and association history.\nSeries 5, Financial Records, 1939-2008. Two feet, eleven inches or seven boxes, arranged by year. Documents include ledgers, reports, and budgets at the state and district levels. Financial information can also be found in Bulletins and Minutes.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6, Meetings, 1938-2009. Eight feet, nine inches or twenty-one boxes, arranged in four subseries and then chronologically. State and district meetings were held by officers and reflect decisions made for the group. State Minutes, 1938-1993 and District Minutes, 1945-2009 sometimes include agendas, but they typically describe the events of the meeting and may include a list of attendees, a statement of the issues considered by the participants, and related responses or decisions for the issues. The Committees, 1950-1993 minutes, arranged alphabetically by committee name are not a complete record of all committees. Some minutes were never filed with the main office. Some minutes of the committees are recorded in the bulletins. Decisions made at the business meeting attended by the general membership are found within the Summer Conventions, 1968-1993.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 7, Membership, 1949-2000. Three feet, ten inches or nine boxes. The Membership Applications, 1949-1985 from the earlier years often include a photograph and resume-like information. Directories, 1946-2000 are the compilation of information into a published booklet. The News includes some obituaries and newspaper clipping of some members.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 8, Related Materials, 1940-1974, n.d. Twenty inches, or five boxes. This last series includes materials by and about John J. Heney, Sr. Heney was a member of the Sousa Band Fraternal Society. Several boxes of materials reflect his involvement with the John Philip Sousa Band, and his interest in preserving Sousa's memory after the band leader's death. The Photographs include mostly albums of marching bands, but also of some band directors.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection documents the functions and activities of the Florida Bandmasters Association. Included are governance-related materials such as constitutions and bylaws, as well as informational bulletins; financial records; minutes of state, district, and committee meetings; and\ncorrespondence to and from Association leadership. Of note for genealogists are annual membership directories and membership applications from the 1940 into the 1960s that include a resume and photograph of each applicant. The collection also includes detailed records of band contests and festivals, with records pertaining to the administrative and logistical efforts as\nwell as results. Other documentary forms found in the collection are a small number of musical scores and cassette tapes of performances.","The records have been arranged in eight series, six of which have been further arranged in subseries.","Series 1: Bulletins, 1941-2010. Nine feet two inches or 22 boxes. Bulletins includes both State (1941-2010) and District (1946-1995) arranged separately and chronologically. The content of the bulletins changed slightly over the years, and may contain general information for the membership, meeting times, meeting agendas or minutes, and contest results. Some issues are missing.","Series 2: Constitutions, Bylaws, Handbooks, Manuals, \u0026 Proclamations, 1939-2010. 20 inches or 4 boxes. Arranged by year. Copies of the current constitution or by-law were often printed in an annual handbook.\nSeries 3: Contests and other events, 1936-1996. Twenty feet 5 inches or 49 boxes. Arranged in five subseries – Contests (1936-1996), Adjudication (1962-1992), Clinics (1943-1993), Music Lists (1954-1994), and Music Scores, n.d. Each subseries is arranged chronologically. Records include documents relating to events sponsored or managed by FBA, including district and state contests/festivals, the All-Star Marching Band, and All-State competitions.","Series 4: Correspondence, 1927-1994. Twelve feet, one inch or twenty-nine boxes. This series was maintained in original order (as found in 2018) which included materials by Correspondent (1927-1994), and more routine Business Correspondence by year (1948-1993). It contains a variety of letters from FBA presidents, executive secretaries, and other related people or organizations about finances, meetings, activities, events, and association history.\nSeries 5, Financial Records, 1939-2008. Two feet, eleven inches or seven boxes, arranged by year. Documents include ledgers, reports, and budgets at the state and district levels. Financial information can also be found in Bulletins and Minutes.","Series 6, Meetings, 1938-2009. Eight feet, nine inches or twenty-one boxes, arranged in four subseries and then chronologically. State and district meetings were held by officers and reflect decisions made for the group. State Minutes, 1938-1993 and District Minutes, 1945-2009 sometimes include agendas, but they typically describe the events of the meeting and may include a list of attendees, a statement of the issues considered by the participants, and related responses or decisions for the issues. The Committees, 1950-1993 minutes, arranged alphabetically by committee name are not a complete record of all committees. Some minutes were never filed with the main office. Some minutes of the committees are recorded in the bulletins. Decisions made at the business meeting attended by the general membership are found within the Summer Conventions, 1968-1993.","Series 7, Membership, 1949-2000. Three feet, ten inches or nine boxes. The Membership Applications, 1949-1985 from the earlier years often include a photograph and resume-like information. Directories, 1946-2000 are the compilation of information into a published booklet. The News includes some obituaries and newspaper clipping of some members.","Series 8, Related Materials, 1940-1974, n.d. Twenty inches, or five boxes. This last series includes materials by and about John J. Heney, Sr. Heney was a member of the Sousa Band Fraternal Society. Several boxes of materials reflect his involvement with the John Philip Sousa Band, and his interest in preserving Sousa's memory after the band leader's death. The Photographs include mostly albums of marching bands, but also of some band directors."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish materials from the Florida Bandmasters Association Records must be obtained from the Florida Bandmasters Association. Please inquire with the College Archivist if you have questions 863-616-6487\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish materials from the Florida Bandmasters Association Records must be obtained from the Florida Bandmasters Association. Please inquire with the College Archivist if you have questions 863-616-6487"],"names_ssim":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections","Florida Bandmaster Association"],"corpname_ssim":["The Sarah D. and L. 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It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder. Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact Special Collections. 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Users are required to complete a registration form and to comply with regulations governing use. Research assistance may be available but please email or phone first to set up an appointment.","Photocopies or electronic copies of material in the collections may be provided within copyright limits but may not be ready immediately. In addition, selected materials are digitized and available electronically through the Digital Library. See less","The Frazer-O'Sullivan Collection contains the research for the co- authored book, We Have Just Begun to Not Fight: An Oral History of Conscientious Objectors in the Civilian Public Service During World War II, by Heather Frazer and John O'Sullivan. More than 40,000 American men refused to fight during World War II. Citing principled opposition, they declared themselves conscientious objectors. Rejecting combat duty, nearly 12,000 men entered Civilian Public Service (CPS) with the intent to perform \"work of national importance\" as an alternative to combat duty. The CPS program was set up by members of the historic peace churches (Mennonites, Brethren, and Quakers) and participated in by pacifists from other churches, of no specific religious persuasion, and, in the case of a few, no persuasion except not to fight in that particular war. CPS men worked as aides in mental hospitals, volunteered as smoke jumpers in forest fires, and participated in grueling medical and scientific experiments.  Frazer and O'Sullivan use the oral histories of 15 CPS men and two of their wives to illuminate their experience during World War II. ","Heather T. Frazer (1940 – 2016) was a professor of history at Florida Atlantic University. In 1971, she became the first female faculty member in the FAU history department where she taught for 35 years before retiring in 2006. During her tenure, she served as Department Chair and Director of Graduate Studies. She also pioneered the study of women's history at FAU, helping establish the Women's Studies program, which is now the Center for Women, Gender and Sexuality Studies. Dr. Frazer taught courses in women's history, modern Britain and British Empire, Indian history, and oral history.","John O'Sullivan (1939-2000) was a professor of history at Florida Atlantic University. In 1971, he came to Florida Atlantic University where he served as chair of the History Department (1975-1978) and devoted his entire academic career. Dr. O'Sullivan received numerous research fellowships including the American Philosophical Society, the American Historical Association, and the Sloan Foundation. His areas of specialization were World War II, Vietnam War, Nuclear Age, the Holocaust, Peace History, Oral History and Modern American Political and Diplomatic Affairs.","Materials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. Any subsequent use of a reproduction in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement. When using electronic copies or images, please keep in mind that copyright law applies. It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder. Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact Special Collections. 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Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact Special Collections. See less See less"],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1939-1945","University Archives","University Archives -- Faculty Papers"," Civilian Public Service -- History","World War, 1939-1945 -- Conscientious objectors -- United States","Oral history"],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1939-1945","University Archives","University Archives -- Faculty Papers"," Civilian Public Service -- History","World War, 1939-1945 -- Conscientious objectors -- United States","Oral history"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["67 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["67 boxes"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollections are available for supervised use in the Special Collections reading room during regular hours or by appointment. Users are required to complete a registration form and to comply with regulations governing use. 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She also pioneered the study of women's history at FAU, helping establish the Women's Studies program, which is now the Center for Women, Gender and Sexuality Studies. Dr. Frazer taught courses in women's history, modern Britain and British Empire, Indian history, and oral history.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJohn O'Sullivan (1939-2000) was a professor of history at Florida Atlantic University. In 1971, he came to Florida Atlantic University where he served as chair of the History Department (1975-1978) and devoted his entire academic career. Dr. O'Sullivan received numerous research fellowships including the American Philosophical Society, the American Historical Association, and the Sloan Foundation. 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The CPS program was set up by members of the historic peace churches (Mennonites, Brethren, and Quakers) and participated in by pacifists from other churches, of no specific religious persuasion, and, in the case of a few, no persuasion except not to fight in that particular war. CPS men worked as aides in mental hospitals, volunteered as smoke jumpers in forest fires, and participated in grueling medical and scientific experiments.  Frazer and O'Sullivan use the oral histories of 15 CPS men and two of their wives to illuminate their experience during World War II. ","Heather T. Frazer (1940 – 2016) was a professor of history at Florida Atlantic University. In 1971, she became the first female faculty member in the FAU history department where she taught for 35 years before retiring in 2006. During her tenure, she served as Department Chair and Director of Graduate Studies. She also pioneered the study of women's history at FAU, helping establish the Women's Studies program, which is now the Center for Women, Gender and Sexuality Studies. Dr. Frazer taught courses in women's history, modern Britain and British Empire, Indian history, and oral history.","John O'Sullivan (1939-2000) was a professor of history at Florida Atlantic University. In 1971, he came to Florida Atlantic University where he served as chair of the History Department (1975-1978) and devoted his entire academic career. Dr. O'Sullivan received numerous research fellowships including the American Philosophical Society, the American Historical Association, and the Sloan Foundation. 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Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact Special Collections. See less See less\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. 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Recent revisions in the U.S. Copyright Law extended the copyright of correspondence, letters, and other personal papers to the life of the author plus seventy years."],"names_coll_ssim":["Mormon Temple (Salt Lake City, Utah).","McKinley, William, 1843-1901--Assassination."],"names_ssim":["UWF University Archives and West Florida History Center","Mormon Temple (Salt Lake City, Utah).","Conn, Barbara F.","McKinley, William, 1843-1901--Assassination."],"corpname_ssim":["UWF University Archives and West Florida History Center","Mormon Temple (Salt Lake City, Utah)."],"persname_ssim":["Conn, Barbara F.","McKinley, William, 1843-1901--Assassination."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870863814372622336,"_root_":"3d4c41445aacd122f7ed6c57","timestamp":"2026-07-16T09:39:29.261Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"3d4c41445aacd122f7ed6c57","title_ssm":["Conn, Barbara F., Papers"],"title_tesim":["Conn, Barbara F., Papers"],"ead_ssi":"3d4c41445aacd122f7ed6c57","unitdate_ssm":["1889-1945","Date acquired: 07/25/1996"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1889-1945"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 07/25/1996"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M1996-01","/repositories/2/resources/58"],"text":["M1996-01","/repositories/2/resources/58","Conn, Barbara F., Papers, 1889-1945, Date acquired: 07/25/1996","Chicago (ILL.)--Newspapers.","Johnstown (Pa.)--Flood, 1889.","Salt Lake City, Utah--Mormon Square.","United States--Presidents.","World's Columbian Exposition (1893: Chicago, IL).","Floods--Pennsylvania--Johnstown--History.","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Pacific area.","Presidents--United States--McKinley, William.","Open to researchers, dependent on our compliance with U.S. Copyright Law, HIPPA requirements, donor agreements and other applicable state and federal statutes.  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Permission may be granted by the Special Collections Librarian for such reprography dependent on issues of copyright, ownership, condition, donor agreements, etc.  In general, staff do not make reproductions of copyright materials or materials for which title is not owned by the institution.  Recent revisions in the U.S. Copyright Law extended the copyright of correspondence, letters, and other personal papers to the life of the author plus seventy years."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Mrs. Barbara F. 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Permission may be granted by the Special Collections Librarian for such reprography dependent on issues of copyright, ownership, condition, donor agreements, etc.  In general, staff do not make reproductions of copyright materials or materials for which title is not owned by the institution.  Recent revisions in the U.S. Copyright Law extended the copyright of correspondence, letters, and other personal papers to the life of the author plus seventy years.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Digital photography, scanning, and photocopying of materials is prohibited.  Permission may be granted by the Special Collections Librarian for such reprography dependent on issues of copyright, ownership, condition, donor agreements, etc.  In general, staff do not make reproductions of copyright materials or materials for which title is not owned by the institution.  Recent revisions in the U.S. Copyright Law extended the copyright of correspondence, letters, and other personal papers to the life of the author plus seventy years."],"names_coll_ssim":["Mormon Temple (Salt Lake City, Utah).","McKinley, William, 1843-1901--Assassination."],"names_ssim":["UWF University Archives and West Florida History Center","Mormon Temple (Salt Lake City, Utah).","Conn, Barbara F.","McKinley, William, 1843-1901--Assassination."],"corpname_ssim":["UWF University Archives and West Florida History Center","Mormon Temple (Salt Lake City, Utah)."],"persname_ssim":["Conn, Barbara F.","McKinley, William, 1843-1901--Assassination."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870863814372622336,"_root_":"3d4c41445aacd122f7ed6c57","timestamp":"2026-07-16T09:39:29.261Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/3d4c41445aacd122f7ed6c57"}},{"id":"4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86_aspace_ff323024a8385c9cdc88df8daa1c2ca7","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Conscientious Objectors, 1940-1949","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86_aspace_ff323024a8385c9cdc88df8daa1c2ca7#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eEight articles from various journals on the topic of conscientious objectors\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86_aspace_ff323024a8385c9cdc88df8daa1c2ca7#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_ff323024a8385c9cdc88df8daa1c2ca7","ref_ssm":["aspace_ff323024a8385c9cdc88df8daa1c2ca7","aspace_ff323024a8385c9cdc88df8daa1c2ca7"],"id":"4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86_aspace_ff323024a8385c9cdc88df8daa1c2ca7","title_filing_ssi":"Conscientious Objectors","title_ssm":["Conscientious Objectors"],"title_tesim":["Conscientious Objectors"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1940-1949"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1940-1949"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Conscientious Objectors, 1940-1949"],"text":["Conscientious Objectors, 1940-1949","Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection, 1871 - 2006","Research, bulk 1871-2006","/repositories/2/archival_objects/77593","box 1","folder 3","Eight articles from various journals on the topic of conscientious objectors"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86","4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86_aspace_ff3bc41a85011bea5a51cdad9b65b38a"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection, 1871 - 2006","Research, bulk 1871-2006"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection, 1871 - 2006","Research, bulk 1871-2006"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/2/archival_objects/77593"],"repository_ssim":["Florida Atlantic University Libraries"],"collection_ssim":["Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection, 1871 - 2006"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":4,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collections are available for supervised use in the Special Collections reading room during regular hours or by appointment. 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It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder. Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact Special Collections. 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Rejecting combat duty, nearly 12,000 men entered Civilian Public Service (CPS) with the intent to perform \"work of national importance\" as an alternative to combat duty. The CPS program was set up by members of the historic peace churches (Mennonites, Brethren, and Quakers) and participated in by pacifists from other churches, of no specific religious persuasion, and, in the case of a few, no persuasion except not to fight in that particular war. CPS men worked as aides in mental hospitals, volunteered as smoke jumpers in forest fires, and participated in grueling medical and scientific experiments.  Frazer and O'Sullivan use the oral histories of 15 CPS men and two of their wives to illuminate their experience during World War II. ","Heather T. Frazer (1940 – 2016) was a professor of history at Florida Atlantic University. In 1971, she became the first female faculty member in the FAU history department where she taught for 35 years before retiring in 2006. 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Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact Special Collections. 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