{"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1944\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026view=compact","next":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1944\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026page=2\u0026view=compact","last":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1944\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026page=366\u0026view=compact"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":2,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":366,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":3656,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"87a3d187717c3ad4adafd206_aspace_188886","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"11 Letters to \"Mom\", 1944-1945","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/87a3d187717c3ad4adafd206_aspace_188886#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eCrossing Atlantic, England France, Belgium, hospital\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/87a3d187717c3ad4adafd206_aspace_188886#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_188886","ref_ssm":["aspace_188886","aspace_188886"],"id":"87a3d187717c3ad4adafd206_aspace_188886","title_filing_ssi":"11 Letters to \"Mom\"","title_ssm":["11 Letters to \"Mom\""],"title_tesim":["11 Letters to \"Mom\""],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1944-1945"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1944-1945"],"normalized_title_ssm":["11 Letters to \"Mom\", 1944-1945"],"text":["11 Letters to \"Mom\", 1944-1945","Raymond Morton Borgman papers, 1943-1946, Date acquired: 2016-08-09, Date accessioned: 2020-05-08","Folder 002","/repositories/10/archival_objects/47638","Single Folder Collections - 2016 Box 2 (16.0020-16.0029)","folder 2","Crossing Atlantic, England France, Belgium, hospital"],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ids_ssim":["87a3d187717c3ad4adafd206"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Raymond Morton Borgman papers, 1943-1946, Date acquired: 2016-08-09, Date accessioned: 2020-05-08"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Raymond Morton Borgman papers, 1943-1946, Date acquired: 2016-08-09, Date accessioned: 2020-05-08"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Folder 002","/repositories/10/archival_objects/47638"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Raymond Morton Borgman papers, 1943-1946, Date acquired: 2016-08-09, Date accessioned: 2020-05-08"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":2,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open to all researchers."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"date_range_isim":[1944,1945],"containers_ssim":["Single Folder Collections - 2016 Box 2 (16.0020-16.0029)","folder 2"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCrossing Atlantic, England France, Belgium, hospital\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Crossing Atlantic, England France, Belgium, hospital"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1","_nest_parent_":"87a3d187717c3ad4adafd206","_root_":"87a3d187717c3ad4adafd206","timestamp":"2026-07-10T08:11:22.856Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"87a3d187717c3ad4adafd206","title_filing_ssi":"Borgman, Raymond Morton papers","title_ssm":["Raymond Morton Borgman papers"],"title_tesim":["Raymond Morton Borgman papers"],"ead_ssi":"87a3d187717c3ad4adafd206","unitdate_ssm":["1943-1946","Date acquired: 2016-08-09","Date accessioned: 2020-05-08"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1943-1946"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 2016-08-09","Date accessioned: 2020-05-08"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["16.0020","/repositories/10/resources/454"],"text":["16.0020","/repositories/10/resources/454","Raymond Morton Borgman papers, 1943-1946, Date acquired: 2016-08-09, Date accessioned: 2020-05-08","World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American","World War, 1939-1945--Hospitals--France","Ardennes, Battle of the, 1944-1945","This collection is open to all researchers.","Raymond Morton Borgman was born June 7, 1924 in Lansing, IL. He was drafted in February 1943 and was sent to the European Theater of Operations on May 13, 1944. He served as a heavy truck driver in France before transferring to the 8th Infantry Regiment, 4th Infantry Division. He spent time in various hospitals in Belgium and France during and after December 1944. He arrived back in the United States in January 1946 and was honorably discharged January 15, 1946. After the war, he was a Maintenance Supervisor for the medical industry. He passed away January 31, 2009 in Zellwood, FL.","Note written by Jeffrey A. Hartmann","This collection was donated by Linda Boot. The collection was acquired by the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience on August 9, 2016.","Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022.","This collection related to Raymond Morton Borgman (U.S. Army 8th Infantry Regiment, 4th Infantry Division). Borgman served in the European Theater of Operations, first as a truck driver. The collection consists of documents related to the service of an American Army soldier, letters sent to his mother during World War II, and photographs taken during his service. The documents include his induction order, customs declaration, and discharge papers. The letters discuss his transit across the Atlantic Ocean, service in France in July 1944, and his time in hospitals in December 1944. The photographs consist of images of the soldier and his comrades during his military service.","All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.","FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","United States. Army. Infantry Division, 4th","United States. Army. 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Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American","World War, 1939-1945--Hospitals--France","Ardennes, Battle of the, 1944-1945"],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American","World War, 1939-1945--Hospitals--France","Ardennes, Battle of the, 1944-1945"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3 folders"],"extent_tesim":["3 folders"],"date_range_isim":[1943,1944,1945,1946,2016],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to all researchers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to all researchers."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRaymond Morton Borgman was born June 7, 1924 in Lansing, IL. He was drafted in February 1943 and was sent to the European Theater of Operations on May 13, 1944. He served as a heavy truck driver in France before transferring to the 8th Infantry Regiment, 4th Infantry Division. He spent time in various hospitals in Belgium and France during and after December 1944. He arrived back in the United States in January 1946 and was honorably discharged January 15, 1946. After the war, he was a Maintenance Supervisor for the medical industry. He passed away January 31, 2009 in Zellwood, FL.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Jeffrey A. Hartmann\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Raymond Morton Borgman was born June 7, 1924 in Lansing, IL. He was drafted in February 1943 and was sent to the European Theater of Operations on May 13, 1944. He served as a heavy truck driver in France before transferring to the 8th Infantry Regiment, 4th Infantry Division. He spent time in various hospitals in Belgium and France during and after December 1944. He arrived back in the United States in January 1946 and was honorably discharged January 15, 1946. After the war, he was a Maintenance Supervisor for the medical industry. He passed away January 31, 2009 in Zellwood, FL.","Note written by Jeffrey A. Hartmann"],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection was donated by Linda Boot. The collection was acquired by the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience on August 9, 2016.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTransferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives in July 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History","Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["This collection was donated by Linda Boot. The collection was acquired by the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience on August 9, 2016.","Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], Raymond Morton Borgman papers, Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_16_0020\"\u003ehttp://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_16_0020\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], Raymond Morton Borgman papers, Special Collections \u0026 Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida.  http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_16_0020 ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection related to Raymond Morton Borgman (U.S. Army 8th Infantry Regiment, 4th Infantry Division). Borgman served in the European Theater of Operations, first as a truck driver. The collection consists of documents related to the service of an American Army soldier, letters sent to his mother during World War II, and photographs taken during his service. The documents include his induction order, customs declaration, and discharge papers. The letters discuss his transit across the Atlantic Ocean, service in France in July 1944, and his time in hospitals in December 1944. The photographs consist of images of the soldier and his comrades during his military service.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection related to Raymond Morton Borgman (U.S. Army 8th Infantry Regiment, 4th Infantry Division). Borgman served in the European Theater of Operations, first as a truck driver. The collection consists of documents related to the service of an American Army soldier, letters sent to his mother during World War II, and photographs taken during his service. The documents include his induction order, customs declaration, and discharge papers. The letters discuss his transit across the Atlantic Ocean, service in France in July 1944, and his time in hospitals in December 1944. The photographs consist of images of the soldier and his comrades during his military service."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives. 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Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"date_range_isim":[1944],"containers_ssim":["02.0047 - Box 4","folder 007"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eReports to the Commanding Officer of the 15th AF.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Reports to the Commanding Officer of the 15th AF."],"_nest_path_":"/components#93","_nest_parent_":"480e46a504f2fba6b1588537","_root_":"480e46a504f2fba6b1588537","timestamp":"2026-07-10T05:44:27.461Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"480e46a504f2fba6b1588537","title_filing_ssi":"484th Bombardment Group Association papers","title_ssm":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers"],"title_tesim":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers"],"ead_ssi":"480e46a504f2fba6b1588537","unitdate_ssm":["1939-1998"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1939-1998"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["02.0047","/repositories/10/resources/197"],"text":["02.0047","/repositories/10/resources/197","484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998","Foggia (Italy)","B-24 (Bomber)","World War, 1939-1945--Aerial operations","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Italy","World War, 1939-1945--Yugoslavia","World War, 1939-1945--Austria","This collection is open to all researchers.","Constituted as 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) on September 14, 1943, the group officially activated on September 20th. Trained for combat with B-24 Liberator heavy bombers, the group transferred to Torretto Airfield in Italy during March and April 1944. Torretta airfield (also known as Cerignola #3) served as a semi-permanent heavy bomber airfield located approximately 14km (9 miles) southwest of Cerignola in Apulia, Italy.  This airbase would eventually form part of the Foggia Airfield Complex.  Assigned to Fifteenth Air Force, the group was redesignated the 484th Bombardment Group (Pathfinder) in May 1944 but did not perform pathfinder functions. Again, redesignated 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) in November 1944, the group operated primarily as a strategic bombardment organization through to April 1945.\n The group attacked targets such as oil refineries, oil storage plants, aircraft factories, heavy industry, and communications in Italy, France, Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Rumania, and Yugoslavia. On June 13, 1944, a heavy smoke screen prevented the group from bombing marshaling yards at Munich. In spite of severe damage from German flak and fighters, and despite heavy gunfire encountered at the alternate target, the group bombed marshaling yards at Innsbruck and received a Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC) for its persistent action. The group received a second DUC for performance on August 22, 1944, when, unescorted, the organization fought its way through an intense opposition to attack underground oil storage installations in Vienna. In addition to strategic missions, the 484th supported the allied ground drive toward Rome by bombing bridges, supply dumps, viaducts, and marshaling yards from April to June 1944. Furthermore, the group ferried gasoline and oil to Allied forces in southern France during September 1944 and supported the final advance through northern Italy.  Moved to Casablanca in May 1945, the group was assigned to Air Transport Command and subsequently deactivated in French Morocco on July 25, 1945. Squadrons assigned to the group included the 824th, 825th, 826th, and 827th. Stations assigned for the group during the war included Harvard AAF,  Nebraska from September 20, 1943, to March 2, 1944; Torretta AAF, Italy from April 1944-May 1945; and Casablanca, French Morocco, from May 25 to July 25, 1945. The assigned commanders included Colonel William B Keese from October 1943 to April 1945 and Lieutenant Colonel Chester C. Busch from April 1945 to deactivation","History of  The Torretta Flyer  newsletter:","Bud Markel wrote the history of the 484th Bomb Group and preserved it in  The Torretta Flyer.  He and his wife Bea organized the first reunion of the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups in May of 1981.  In December of 1981, the 461st and 484th Bomb Groups Association were incorporated in the state of California as a non-profit corporation. Starting with a newsletter bulletin to keep early members up to date on the fledgling organization, the name  The Torretta Flyer  was first applied to newsletter number 4. In 1992 the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups formed their own separate associations. Bud was the president of the 484th BG Association and the editor of  The Torretta Flyer  until the association was disbanded in 2001.  An excellent writer, photographer, aviation historian, and organizer, Bud published  The Torretta Flyer  twice yearly for 20 years.  With the help of Bea, he also organized and hosted annual reunions for the association.  The Torretta Flyer  evolved from a mimeographed newsletter into a fine glossy magazine filled with photographs, data compiled from official sources, letters and stories written by members, and scholarly contributions from writers in the historical aviation field.  When the 484th BG Association was disbanded, Bud and Bea donated 50 1200 page bound two-volume sets of  The Torretta Flyer  to various libraries and museums around the country.  Bud Markel flew 35 combat missions as a B-24 engineer between January and May of 1945.  He was employed as an A\u0026P mechanic for United Airlines in Los Angeles from 1948 until retirement.  He was especially proud of the 484th BG Association scholarship fund which was originally conceived as a living memorial to the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups.  Through this fund, the association donated $53,000 to deserving high school students from the area around Cerignola, Italy.  The Torretta Flyer  is copyright © 484th Bomb Group Association","Link to The Torretta Flyer newsletter index:  http://www.484th.org/Torretta%20Flyer/Torretta%20Flyer.htm","Source:","\"484th Bombardment Group (H).\" www.484th.org. Accessed June 8, 2018. http://www.484th.org/.","Note written by Dick Olson, 484th Bombardment Group Association Historian","Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022.","Link to official website of the 484th Bombardment Group Association:   http://www.484th.org/ . This website is also included in an  Internet Archive web collection  for the World War II Archives. ","The Internet Archive collection includes the website for the 461st Bombardment Group (H).","This collection relates to the 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) that was assigned to the 15th Air Force and based in Torretta, Italy as a component of the Foggia Airfield Complex during World War II and assigned B-24 Liberator heavy bombers.  The materials contained in this collection were subsequently assembled during the post-war period by the 484th Bombardment Group Association.  The collection contains official reports, data sheets, statistics, newspapers, Missing Air Crew Reports, personal histories, photographs, and unit histories.","All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.","Claude Pepper Library","FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","484th Bombardment Group Association","United States. 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Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"access_subjects_ssim":["B-24 (Bomber)","World War, 1939-1945--Aerial operations","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Italy","World War, 1939-1945--Yugoslavia","World War, 1939-1945--Austria"],"access_subjects_ssm":["B-24 (Bomber)","World War, 1939-1945--Aerial operations","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Italy","World War, 1939-1945--Yugoslavia","World War, 1939-1945--Austria"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["17 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["17 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to all researchers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to all researchers."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eConstituted as 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) on September 14, 1943, the group officially activated on September 20th. Trained for combat with B-24 Liberator heavy bombers, the group transferred to Torretto Airfield in Italy during March and April 1944. Torretta airfield (also known as Cerignola #3) served as a semi-permanent heavy bomber airfield located approximately 14km (9 miles) southwest of Cerignola in Apulia, Italy.\u0026#xA0; This airbase would eventually form part of the Foggia Airfield Complex.\u0026#xA0; Assigned to Fifteenth Air Force, the group was redesignated the 484th Bombardment Group (Pathfinder) in May 1944 but did not perform pathfinder functions. Again, redesignated 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) in November 1944, the group operated primarily as a strategic bombardment organization through to April 1945.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe group attacked targets such as oil refineries, oil storage plants, aircraft factories, heavy industry, and communications in Italy, France, Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Rumania, and Yugoslavia. On June 13, 1944, a heavy smoke screen prevented the group from bombing marshaling yards at Munich. In spite of severe damage from German flak and fighters, and despite heavy gunfire encountered at the alternate target, the group bombed marshaling yards at Innsbruck and received a Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC) for its persistent action. The group received a second DUC for performance on August 22, 1944, when, unescorted, the organization fought its way through an intense opposition to attack underground oil storage installations in Vienna. In addition to strategic missions, the 484th supported the allied ground drive toward Rome by bombing bridges, supply dumps, viaducts, and marshaling yards from April to June 1944. Furthermore, the group ferried gasoline and oil to Allied forces in southern France during September 1944 and supported the final advance through northern Italy.\u0026#xA0; Moved to Casablanca in May 1945, the group was assigned to Air Transport Command and subsequently deactivated in French Morocco on July 25, 1945. Squadrons assigned to the group included the 824th, 825th, 826th, and 827th. Stations assigned for the group during the war included Harvard AAF,\u0026#xA0; Nebraska from September 20, 1943, to March 2, 1944; Torretta AAF, Italy from April 1944-May 1945; and Casablanca, French Morocco, from May 25 to July 25, 1945. The assigned commanders included Colonel William B Keese from October 1943 to April 1945 and Lieutenant Colonel Chester C. Busch from April 1945 to deactivation\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistory of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e newsletter:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBud Markel wrote the history of the 484th Bomb Group and preserved it in \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer.\u003c/emph\u003e He and his wife Bea organized the first reunion of the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups in May of 1981.\u0026#xA0; In December of 1981, the 461st and 484th Bomb Groups Association were incorporated in the state of California as a non-profit corporation. Starting with a newsletter bulletin to keep early members up to date on the fledgling organization, the name \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e was first applied to newsletter number 4. In 1992 the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups formed their own separate associations. Bud was the president of the 484th BG Association and the editor of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e until the association was disbanded in 2001.\u0026#xA0; An excellent writer, photographer, aviation historian, and organizer, Bud published \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e twice yearly for 20 years.\u0026#xA0; With the help of Bea, he also organized and hosted annual reunions for the association. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e evolved from a mimeographed newsletter into a fine glossy magazine filled with photographs, data compiled from official sources, letters and stories written by members, and scholarly contributions from writers in the historical aviation field.\u0026#xA0; When the 484th BG Association was disbanded, Bud and Bea donated 50 1200 page bound two-volume sets of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e to various libraries and museums around the country.\u0026#xA0; Bud Markel flew 35 combat missions as a B-24 engineer between January and May of 1945.\u0026#xA0; He was employed as an A\u0026amp;P mechanic for United Airlines in Los Angeles from 1948 until retirement.\u0026#xA0; He was especially proud of the 484th BG Association scholarship fund which was originally conceived as a living memorial to the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups.\u0026#xA0; Through this fund, the association donated $53,000 to deserving high school students from the area around Cerignola, Italy. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e is copyright \u0026#xA9; 484th Bomb Group Association\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLink to The Torretta Flyer newsletter index: \u003cextref href=\"http://www.484th.org/Torretta%20Flyer/Torretta%20Flyer.htm\"\u003ehttp://www.484th.org/Torretta%20Flyer/Torretta%20Flyer.htm\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSource:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"484th Bombardment Group (H).\" www.484th.org. Accessed June 8, 2018. http://www.484th.org/.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNote written by Dick Olson, 484th Bombardment Group Association Historian\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Constituted as 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) on September 14, 1943, the group officially activated on September 20th. Trained for combat with B-24 Liberator heavy bombers, the group transferred to Torretto Airfield in Italy during March and April 1944. Torretta airfield (also known as Cerignola #3) served as a semi-permanent heavy bomber airfield located approximately 14km (9 miles) southwest of Cerignola in Apulia, Italy.  This airbase would eventually form part of the Foggia Airfield Complex.  Assigned to Fifteenth Air Force, the group was redesignated the 484th Bombardment Group (Pathfinder) in May 1944 but did not perform pathfinder functions. Again, redesignated 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) in November 1944, the group operated primarily as a strategic bombardment organization through to April 1945.\n The group attacked targets such as oil refineries, oil storage plants, aircraft factories, heavy industry, and communications in Italy, France, Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Rumania, and Yugoslavia. On June 13, 1944, a heavy smoke screen prevented the group from bombing marshaling yards at Munich. In spite of severe damage from German flak and fighters, and despite heavy gunfire encountered at the alternate target, the group bombed marshaling yards at Innsbruck and received a Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC) for its persistent action. The group received a second DUC for performance on August 22, 1944, when, unescorted, the organization fought its way through an intense opposition to attack underground oil storage installations in Vienna. In addition to strategic missions, the 484th supported the allied ground drive toward Rome by bombing bridges, supply dumps, viaducts, and marshaling yards from April to June 1944. Furthermore, the group ferried gasoline and oil to Allied forces in southern France during September 1944 and supported the final advance through northern Italy.  Moved to Casablanca in May 1945, the group was assigned to Air Transport Command and subsequently deactivated in French Morocco on July 25, 1945. Squadrons assigned to the group included the 824th, 825th, 826th, and 827th. Stations assigned for the group during the war included Harvard AAF,  Nebraska from September 20, 1943, to March 2, 1944; Torretta AAF, Italy from April 1944-May 1945; and Casablanca, French Morocco, from May 25 to July 25, 1945. The assigned commanders included Colonel William B Keese from October 1943 to April 1945 and Lieutenant Colonel Chester C. Busch from April 1945 to deactivation","History of  The Torretta Flyer  newsletter:","Bud Markel wrote the history of the 484th Bomb Group and preserved it in  The Torretta Flyer.  He and his wife Bea organized the first reunion of the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups in May of 1981.  In December of 1981, the 461st and 484th Bomb Groups Association were incorporated in the state of California as a non-profit corporation. Starting with a newsletter bulletin to keep early members up to date on the fledgling organization, the name  The Torretta Flyer  was first applied to newsletter number 4. In 1992 the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups formed their own separate associations. Bud was the president of the 484th BG Association and the editor of  The Torretta Flyer  until the association was disbanded in 2001.  An excellent writer, photographer, aviation historian, and organizer, Bud published  The Torretta Flyer  twice yearly for 20 years.  With the help of Bea, he also organized and hosted annual reunions for the association.  The Torretta Flyer  evolved from a mimeographed newsletter into a fine glossy magazine filled with photographs, data compiled from official sources, letters and stories written by members, and scholarly contributions from writers in the historical aviation field.  When the 484th BG Association was disbanded, Bud and Bea donated 50 1200 page bound two-volume sets of  The Torretta Flyer  to various libraries and museums around the country.  Bud Markel flew 35 combat missions as a B-24 engineer between January and May of 1945.  He was employed as an A\u0026P mechanic for United Airlines in Los Angeles from 1948 until retirement.  He was especially proud of the 484th BG Association scholarship fund which was originally conceived as a living memorial to the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups.  Through this fund, the association donated $53,000 to deserving high school students from the area around Cerignola, Italy.  The Torretta Flyer  is copyright © 484th Bomb Group Association","Link to The Torretta Flyer newsletter index:  http://www.484th.org/Torretta%20Flyer/Torretta%20Flyer.htm","Source:","\"484th Bombardment Group (H).\" www.484th.org. Accessed June 8, 2018. http://www.484th.org/.","Note written by Dick Olson, 484th Bombardment Group Association Historian"],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTransferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives in July 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], 484th Bombardment Group Association papers, Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_02_0047\"\u003ehttp://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_02_0047\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], 484th Bombardment Group Association papers, Special Collections \u0026 Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida.  http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_02_0047 ."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLink to official website of the 484th Bombardment Group Association:\u0026#xA0; \u003cextref href=\"http://www.484th.org/\"\u003ehttp://www.484th.org/\u003c/extref\u003e. This website is also included in an \u003cextref href=\"https://archive-it.org/collections/10115\"\u003eInternet Archive web collection\u003c/extref\u003e for the World War II Archives. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Internet Archive collection includes the website for the 461st Bombardment Group (H).\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials - Related Publications"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Link to official website of the 484th Bombardment Group Association:   http://www.484th.org/ . This website is also included in an  Internet Archive web collection  for the World War II Archives. ","The Internet Archive collection includes the website for the 461st Bombardment Group (H)."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection relates to the 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) that was assigned to the 15th Air Force and based in Torretta, Italy as a component of the Foggia Airfield Complex during World War II and assigned B-24 Liberator heavy bombers.\u0026#xA0; The materials contained in this collection were subsequently assembled during the post-war period by the 484th Bombardment Group Association.\u0026#xA0; The collection contains official reports, data sheets, statistics, newspapers, Missing Air Crew Reports, personal histories, photographs, and unit histories.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection relates to the 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) that was assigned to the 15th Air Force and based in Torretta, Italy as a component of the Foggia Airfield Complex during World War II and assigned B-24 Liberator heavy bombers.  The materials contained in this collection were subsequently assembled during the post-war period by the 484th Bombardment Group Association.  The collection contains official reports, data sheets, statistics, newspapers, Missing Air Crew Reports, personal histories, photographs, and unit histories."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_dc95db454fe0ad060bd914009fe90431\"\u003eClaude Pepper Library\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Claude Pepper Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["484th Bombardment Group Association","United States. Army Air Forces, Bombardment Group (H), 484th"],"names_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","484th Bombardment Group Association","United States. Army Air Forces, Bombardment Group (H), 484th"],"corpname_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","484th Bombardment Group Association","United States. Army Air Forces, Bombardment Group (H), 484th"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":315,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"480e46a504f2fba6b1588537","timestamp":"2026-07-10T05:44:27.461Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/480e46a504f2fba6b1588537_aspace_222048"}},{"id":"480e46a504f2fba6b1588537_aspace_222162","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"15th Air Force Key Personnel Roster, bulk 1943, 1944","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/480e46a504f2fba6b1588537_aspace_222162#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eTwo lists, first dated 1 November 1943, second dated 1 November 1944.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/480e46a504f2fba6b1588537_aspace_222162#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_222162","ref_ssm":["aspace_222162","aspace_222162"],"id":"480e46a504f2fba6b1588537_aspace_222162","title_filing_ssi":"15th Air Force Key Personnel Roster","title_ssm":["15th Air Force Key Personnel Roster"],"title_tesim":["15th Air Force Key Personnel Roster"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1943, 1944"],"normalized_date_ssm":["bulk 1943, 1944"],"normalized_title_ssm":["15th Air Force Key Personnel Roster, bulk 1943, 1944"],"text":["15th Air Force Key Personnel Roster, bulk 1943, 1944","484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998","018","/repositories/10/archival_objects/34386","02.0047 - Box 8","folder 018","Two lists, first dated 1 November 1943, second dated 1 November 1944."],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ids_ssim":["480e46a504f2fba6b1588537"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"unitid_ssm":["018","/repositories/10/archival_objects/34386"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"collection_ssim":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":205,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open to all researchers."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"date_range_isim":[1943,1944],"containers_ssim":["02.0047 - Box 8","folder 018"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTwo lists, first dated 1 November 1943, second dated 1 November 1944.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Two lists, first dated 1 November 1943, second dated 1 November 1944."],"_nest_path_":"/components#204","_nest_parent_":"480e46a504f2fba6b1588537","_root_":"480e46a504f2fba6b1588537","timestamp":"2026-07-10T05:44:27.461Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"480e46a504f2fba6b1588537","title_filing_ssi":"484th Bombardment Group Association papers","title_ssm":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers"],"title_tesim":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers"],"ead_ssi":"480e46a504f2fba6b1588537","unitdate_ssm":["1939-1998"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1939-1998"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["02.0047","/repositories/10/resources/197"],"text":["02.0047","/repositories/10/resources/197","484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998","Foggia (Italy)","B-24 (Bomber)","World War, 1939-1945--Aerial operations","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Italy","World War, 1939-1945--Yugoslavia","World War, 1939-1945--Austria","This collection is open to all researchers.","Constituted as 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) on September 14, 1943, the group officially activated on September 20th. Trained for combat with B-24 Liberator heavy bombers, the group transferred to Torretto Airfield in Italy during March and April 1944. Torretta airfield (also known as Cerignola #3) served as a semi-permanent heavy bomber airfield located approximately 14km (9 miles) southwest of Cerignola in Apulia, Italy.  This airbase would eventually form part of the Foggia Airfield Complex.  Assigned to Fifteenth Air Force, the group was redesignated the 484th Bombardment Group (Pathfinder) in May 1944 but did not perform pathfinder functions. Again, redesignated 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) in November 1944, the group operated primarily as a strategic bombardment organization through to April 1945.\n The group attacked targets such as oil refineries, oil storage plants, aircraft factories, heavy industry, and communications in Italy, France, Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Rumania, and Yugoslavia. On June 13, 1944, a heavy smoke screen prevented the group from bombing marshaling yards at Munich. In spite of severe damage from German flak and fighters, and despite heavy gunfire encountered at the alternate target, the group bombed marshaling yards at Innsbruck and received a Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC) for its persistent action. The group received a second DUC for performance on August 22, 1944, when, unescorted, the organization fought its way through an intense opposition to attack underground oil storage installations in Vienna. In addition to strategic missions, the 484th supported the allied ground drive toward Rome by bombing bridges, supply dumps, viaducts, and marshaling yards from April to June 1944. Furthermore, the group ferried gasoline and oil to Allied forces in southern France during September 1944 and supported the final advance through northern Italy.  Moved to Casablanca in May 1945, the group was assigned to Air Transport Command and subsequently deactivated in French Morocco on July 25, 1945. Squadrons assigned to the group included the 824th, 825th, 826th, and 827th. Stations assigned for the group during the war included Harvard AAF,  Nebraska from September 20, 1943, to March 2, 1944; Torretta AAF, Italy from April 1944-May 1945; and Casablanca, French Morocco, from May 25 to July 25, 1945. The assigned commanders included Colonel William B Keese from October 1943 to April 1945 and Lieutenant Colonel Chester C. Busch from April 1945 to deactivation","History of  The Torretta Flyer  newsletter:","Bud Markel wrote the history of the 484th Bomb Group and preserved it in  The Torretta Flyer.  He and his wife Bea organized the first reunion of the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups in May of 1981.  In December of 1981, the 461st and 484th Bomb Groups Association were incorporated in the state of California as a non-profit corporation. Starting with a newsletter bulletin to keep early members up to date on the fledgling organization, the name  The Torretta Flyer  was first applied to newsletter number 4. In 1992 the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups formed their own separate associations. Bud was the president of the 484th BG Association and the editor of  The Torretta Flyer  until the association was disbanded in 2001.  An excellent writer, photographer, aviation historian, and organizer, Bud published  The Torretta Flyer  twice yearly for 20 years.  With the help of Bea, he also organized and hosted annual reunions for the association.  The Torretta Flyer  evolved from a mimeographed newsletter into a fine glossy magazine filled with photographs, data compiled from official sources, letters and stories written by members, and scholarly contributions from writers in the historical aviation field.  When the 484th BG Association was disbanded, Bud and Bea donated 50 1200 page bound two-volume sets of  The Torretta Flyer  to various libraries and museums around the country.  Bud Markel flew 35 combat missions as a B-24 engineer between January and May of 1945.  He was employed as an A\u0026P mechanic for United Airlines in Los Angeles from 1948 until retirement.  He was especially proud of the 484th BG Association scholarship fund which was originally conceived as a living memorial to the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups.  Through this fund, the association donated $53,000 to deserving high school students from the area around Cerignola, Italy.  The Torretta Flyer  is copyright © 484th Bomb Group Association","Link to The Torretta Flyer newsletter index:  http://www.484th.org/Torretta%20Flyer/Torretta%20Flyer.htm","Source:","\"484th Bombardment Group (H).\" www.484th.org. Accessed June 8, 2018. http://www.484th.org/.","Note written by Dick Olson, 484th Bombardment Group Association Historian","Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022.","Link to official website of the 484th Bombardment Group Association:   http://www.484th.org/ . This website is also included in an  Internet Archive web collection  for the World War II Archives. ","The Internet Archive collection includes the website for the 461st Bombardment Group (H).","This collection relates to the 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) that was assigned to the 15th Air Force and based in Torretta, Italy as a component of the Foggia Airfield Complex during World War II and assigned B-24 Liberator heavy bombers.  The materials contained in this collection were subsequently assembled during the post-war period by the 484th Bombardment Group Association.  The collection contains official reports, data sheets, statistics, newspapers, Missing Air Crew Reports, personal histories, photographs, and unit histories.","All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.","Claude Pepper Library","FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","484th Bombardment Group Association","United States. Army Air Forces, Bombardment Group (H), 484th","English"],"unitid_tesim":["02.0047","/repositories/10/resources/197"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1939-1998"],"normalized_title_ssm":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998"],"collection_title_tesim":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998"],"collection_ssim":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998"],"repository_ssm":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Foggia (Italy)"],"geogname_ssim":["Foggia (Italy)"],"creator_ssm":["484th Bombardment Group Association"],"creator_ssim":["484th Bombardment Group Association"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["484th Bombardment Group Association"],"creators_ssim":["484th Bombardment Group Association"],"places_ssim":["Foggia (Italy)"],"access_terms_ssm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"access_subjects_ssim":["B-24 (Bomber)","World War, 1939-1945--Aerial operations","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Italy","World War, 1939-1945--Yugoslavia","World War, 1939-1945--Austria"],"access_subjects_ssm":["B-24 (Bomber)","World War, 1939-1945--Aerial operations","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Italy","World War, 1939-1945--Yugoslavia","World War, 1939-1945--Austria"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["17 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["17 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to all researchers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to all researchers."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eConstituted as 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) on September 14, 1943, the group officially activated on September 20th. Trained for combat with B-24 Liberator heavy bombers, the group transferred to Torretto Airfield in Italy during March and April 1944. Torretta airfield (also known as Cerignola #3) served as a semi-permanent heavy bomber airfield located approximately 14km (9 miles) southwest of Cerignola in Apulia, Italy.\u0026#xA0; This airbase would eventually form part of the Foggia Airfield Complex.\u0026#xA0; Assigned to Fifteenth Air Force, the group was redesignated the 484th Bombardment Group (Pathfinder) in May 1944 but did not perform pathfinder functions. Again, redesignated 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) in November 1944, the group operated primarily as a strategic bombardment organization through to April 1945.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe group attacked targets such as oil refineries, oil storage plants, aircraft factories, heavy industry, and communications in Italy, France, Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Rumania, and Yugoslavia. On June 13, 1944, a heavy smoke screen prevented the group from bombing marshaling yards at Munich. In spite of severe damage from German flak and fighters, and despite heavy gunfire encountered at the alternate target, the group bombed marshaling yards at Innsbruck and received a Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC) for its persistent action. The group received a second DUC for performance on August 22, 1944, when, unescorted, the organization fought its way through an intense opposition to attack underground oil storage installations in Vienna. In addition to strategic missions, the 484th supported the allied ground drive toward Rome by bombing bridges, supply dumps, viaducts, and marshaling yards from April to June 1944. Furthermore, the group ferried gasoline and oil to Allied forces in southern France during September 1944 and supported the final advance through northern Italy.\u0026#xA0; Moved to Casablanca in May 1945, the group was assigned to Air Transport Command and subsequently deactivated in French Morocco on July 25, 1945. Squadrons assigned to the group included the 824th, 825th, 826th, and 827th. Stations assigned for the group during the war included Harvard AAF,\u0026#xA0; Nebraska from September 20, 1943, to March 2, 1944; Torretta AAF, Italy from April 1944-May 1945; and Casablanca, French Morocco, from May 25 to July 25, 1945. The assigned commanders included Colonel William B Keese from October 1943 to April 1945 and Lieutenant Colonel Chester C. Busch from April 1945 to deactivation\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistory of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e newsletter:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBud Markel wrote the history of the 484th Bomb Group and preserved it in \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer.\u003c/emph\u003e He and his wife Bea organized the first reunion of the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups in May of 1981.\u0026#xA0; In December of 1981, the 461st and 484th Bomb Groups Association were incorporated in the state of California as a non-profit corporation. Starting with a newsletter bulletin to keep early members up to date on the fledgling organization, the name \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e was first applied to newsletter number 4. In 1992 the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups formed their own separate associations. Bud was the president of the 484th BG Association and the editor of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e until the association was disbanded in 2001.\u0026#xA0; An excellent writer, photographer, aviation historian, and organizer, Bud published \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e twice yearly for 20 years.\u0026#xA0; With the help of Bea, he also organized and hosted annual reunions for the association. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e evolved from a mimeographed newsletter into a fine glossy magazine filled with photographs, data compiled from official sources, letters and stories written by members, and scholarly contributions from writers in the historical aviation field.\u0026#xA0; When the 484th BG Association was disbanded, Bud and Bea donated 50 1200 page bound two-volume sets of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e to various libraries and museums around the country.\u0026#xA0; Bud Markel flew 35 combat missions as a B-24 engineer between January and May of 1945.\u0026#xA0; He was employed as an A\u0026amp;P mechanic for United Airlines in Los Angeles from 1948 until retirement.\u0026#xA0; He was especially proud of the 484th BG Association scholarship fund which was originally conceived as a living memorial to the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups.\u0026#xA0; Through this fund, the association donated $53,000 to deserving high school students from the area around Cerignola, Italy. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e is copyright \u0026#xA9; 484th Bomb Group Association\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLink to The Torretta Flyer newsletter index: \u003cextref href=\"http://www.484th.org/Torretta%20Flyer/Torretta%20Flyer.htm\"\u003ehttp://www.484th.org/Torretta%20Flyer/Torretta%20Flyer.htm\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSource:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"484th Bombardment Group (H).\" www.484th.org. Accessed June 8, 2018. http://www.484th.org/.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNote written by Dick Olson, 484th Bombardment Group Association Historian\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Constituted as 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) on September 14, 1943, the group officially activated on September 20th. Trained for combat with B-24 Liberator heavy bombers, the group transferred to Torretto Airfield in Italy during March and April 1944. Torretta airfield (also known as Cerignola #3) served as a semi-permanent heavy bomber airfield located approximately 14km (9 miles) southwest of Cerignola in Apulia, Italy.  This airbase would eventually form part of the Foggia Airfield Complex.  Assigned to Fifteenth Air Force, the group was redesignated the 484th Bombardment Group (Pathfinder) in May 1944 but did not perform pathfinder functions. Again, redesignated 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) in November 1944, the group operated primarily as a strategic bombardment organization through to April 1945.\n The group attacked targets such as oil refineries, oil storage plants, aircraft factories, heavy industry, and communications in Italy, France, Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Rumania, and Yugoslavia. On June 13, 1944, a heavy smoke screen prevented the group from bombing marshaling yards at Munich. In spite of severe damage from German flak and fighters, and despite heavy gunfire encountered at the alternate target, the group bombed marshaling yards at Innsbruck and received a Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC) for its persistent action. The group received a second DUC for performance on August 22, 1944, when, unescorted, the organization fought its way through an intense opposition to attack underground oil storage installations in Vienna. In addition to strategic missions, the 484th supported the allied ground drive toward Rome by bombing bridges, supply dumps, viaducts, and marshaling yards from April to June 1944. Furthermore, the group ferried gasoline and oil to Allied forces in southern France during September 1944 and supported the final advance through northern Italy.  Moved to Casablanca in May 1945, the group was assigned to Air Transport Command and subsequently deactivated in French Morocco on July 25, 1945. Squadrons assigned to the group included the 824th, 825th, 826th, and 827th. Stations assigned for the group during the war included Harvard AAF,  Nebraska from September 20, 1943, to March 2, 1944; Torretta AAF, Italy from April 1944-May 1945; and Casablanca, French Morocco, from May 25 to July 25, 1945. The assigned commanders included Colonel William B Keese from October 1943 to April 1945 and Lieutenant Colonel Chester C. Busch from April 1945 to deactivation","History of  The Torretta Flyer  newsletter:","Bud Markel wrote the history of the 484th Bomb Group and preserved it in  The Torretta Flyer.  He and his wife Bea organized the first reunion of the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups in May of 1981.  In December of 1981, the 461st and 484th Bomb Groups Association were incorporated in the state of California as a non-profit corporation. Starting with a newsletter bulletin to keep early members up to date on the fledgling organization, the name  The Torretta Flyer  was first applied to newsletter number 4. In 1992 the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups formed their own separate associations. Bud was the president of the 484th BG Association and the editor of  The Torretta Flyer  until the association was disbanded in 2001.  An excellent writer, photographer, aviation historian, and organizer, Bud published  The Torretta Flyer  twice yearly for 20 years.  With the help of Bea, he also organized and hosted annual reunions for the association.  The Torretta Flyer  evolved from a mimeographed newsletter into a fine glossy magazine filled with photographs, data compiled from official sources, letters and stories written by members, and scholarly contributions from writers in the historical aviation field.  When the 484th BG Association was disbanded, Bud and Bea donated 50 1200 page bound two-volume sets of  The Torretta Flyer  to various libraries and museums around the country.  Bud Markel flew 35 combat missions as a B-24 engineer between January and May of 1945.  He was employed as an A\u0026P mechanic for United Airlines in Los Angeles from 1948 until retirement.  He was especially proud of the 484th BG Association scholarship fund which was originally conceived as a living memorial to the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups.  Through this fund, the association donated $53,000 to deserving high school students from the area around Cerignola, Italy.  The Torretta Flyer  is copyright © 484th Bomb Group Association","Link to The Torretta Flyer newsletter index:  http://www.484th.org/Torretta%20Flyer/Torretta%20Flyer.htm","Source:","\"484th Bombardment Group (H).\" www.484th.org. Accessed June 8, 2018. http://www.484th.org/.","Note written by Dick Olson, 484th Bombardment Group Association Historian"],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTransferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives in July 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], 484th Bombardment Group Association papers, Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_02_0047\"\u003ehttp://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_02_0047\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], 484th Bombardment Group Association papers, Special Collections \u0026 Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida.  http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_02_0047 ."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLink to official website of the 484th Bombardment Group Association:\u0026#xA0; \u003cextref href=\"http://www.484th.org/\"\u003ehttp://www.484th.org/\u003c/extref\u003e. This website is also included in an \u003cextref href=\"https://archive-it.org/collections/10115\"\u003eInternet Archive web collection\u003c/extref\u003e for the World War II Archives. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Internet Archive collection includes the website for the 461st Bombardment Group (H).\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials - Related Publications"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Link to official website of the 484th Bombardment Group Association:   http://www.484th.org/ . This website is also included in an  Internet Archive web collection  for the World War II Archives. ","The Internet Archive collection includes the website for the 461st Bombardment Group (H)."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection relates to the 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) that was assigned to the 15th Air Force and based in Torretta, Italy as a component of the Foggia Airfield Complex during World War II and assigned B-24 Liberator heavy bombers.\u0026#xA0; The materials contained in this collection were subsequently assembled during the post-war period by the 484th Bombardment Group Association.\u0026#xA0; The collection contains official reports, data sheets, statistics, newspapers, Missing Air Crew Reports, personal histories, photographs, and unit histories.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection relates to the 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) that was assigned to the 15th Air Force and based in Torretta, Italy as a component of the Foggia Airfield Complex during World War II and assigned B-24 Liberator heavy bombers.  The materials contained in this collection were subsequently assembled during the post-war period by the 484th Bombardment Group Association.  The collection contains official reports, data sheets, statistics, newspapers, Missing Air Crew Reports, personal histories, photographs, and unit histories."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_dc95db454fe0ad060bd914009fe90431\"\u003eClaude Pepper Library\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Claude Pepper Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["484th Bombardment Group Association","United States. Army Air Forces, Bombardment Group (H), 484th"],"names_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","484th Bombardment Group Association","United States. Army Air Forces, Bombardment Group (H), 484th"],"corpname_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","484th Bombardment Group Association","United States. Army Air Forces, Bombardment Group (H), 484th"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":315,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"480e46a504f2fba6b1588537","timestamp":"2026-07-10T05:44:27.461Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/480e46a504f2fba6b1588537_aspace_222162"}},{"id":"480e46a504f2fba6b1588537_aspace_222040","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"15th Air Force Reports (2 of 2), July 1944-December 1944","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/480e46a504f2fba6b1588537_aspace_222040#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eA collection of reports on a variety of topics in the MAAF and 15th AF. Microfilm pages from 0651-0742. Reports range from September to December 1944. 0651-0652: Smoke Screens. 0653-0654: Smoke Defense of Ploesti. 0655-0658: Discussion of potential targets for attack at 15th AF HQ. 0659: Innovation in bomber formations to avoid pathfinder failures, which led to flight abortions. 0660-0667: MAAF Targets proposed for study by USSBS. 0668-0672: Target Intel Report that emphasizes destruction of oil and communications targets. Includes two maps. 0673-0676: Progress of the War Against Germany. 0677-0681: Maps of types of targets for MAAF Bombers. 0682: Extending Operating Range of 15th AF With Budapest Bases. 0683-0686: Maps of Central European Theater and MAAF Bombing Targets. 0687-0689: Risks of Overbombing. 0690-0691: Air Photography. While not clearly important, it is being hampered by the seperation of facilitiesfor development and interpretation of film from strategic operational agencies. 0692: Too faded to view. 0693-0695: Smoke screens. 0696-0727: \"The Economic Effects of Allied Attacks in Force on German Targets, 1st April 1944 and 30th June, 1944.\" Produced by the Ministry of Home Security Research and Experiments Department. 0728-0730: PFF Targets, Principal Cities 0731: Flak Areas MASAF. 0732-0739: 15th AF Priority Targets 0740-0741: Reports on Strafing of lines of communications by fighter aircraft. 0742: Material taken by airship to Washington. *Formerly called Bombing Reports No. 2\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/480e46a504f2fba6b1588537_aspace_222040#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_222040","ref_ssm":["aspace_222040","aspace_222040"],"id":"480e46a504f2fba6b1588537_aspace_222040","title_filing_ssi":"15th Air Force Reports (2 of 2)","title_ssm":["15th Air Force Reports (2 of 2)"],"title_tesim":["15th Air Force Reports (2 of 2)"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["July 1944-December 1944"],"normalized_date_ssm":["July 1944-December 1944"],"normalized_title_ssm":["15th Air Force Reports (2 of 2), July 1944-December 1944"],"text":["15th Air Force Reports (2 of 2), July 1944-December 1944","484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998","023","/repositories/10/archival_objects/34268","02.0047 - Box 3","folder 023","A collection of reports on a variety of topics in the MAAF and 15th AF. Microfilm pages from 0651-0742. Reports range from September to December 1944.\n0651-0652: Smoke Screens.\n0653-0654: Smoke Defense of Ploesti.\n0655-0658: Discussion of potential targets for attack at 15th AF HQ.\n0659: Innovation in bomber formations to avoid pathfinder failures, which led to flight abortions.\n0660-0667: MAAF Targets proposed for study by USSBS.\n0668-0672: Target Intel Report that emphasizes destruction of oil and communications targets. Includes two maps.\n0673-0676: Progress of the War Against Germany.\n0677-0681: Maps of types of targets for MAAF Bombers.\n0682: Extending Operating Range of 15th AF With Budapest Bases.\n0683-0686: Maps of Central European Theater and MAAF Bombing Targets.\n0687-0689: Risks of Overbombing.\n0690-0691: Air Photography. While not clearly important, it is being hampered by the seperation of facilitiesfor development and interpretation of film from strategic operational agencies.\n0692: Too faded to view.\n0693-0695: Smoke screens.\n0696-0727: \"The Economic Effects of Allied Attacks in Force on German Targets, 1st April 1944 and 30th June, 1944.\" Produced by the Ministry of Home Security Research and Experiments Department.\n0728-0730: PFF Targets, Principal Cities\n0731: Flak Areas MASAF.\n0732-0739: 15th AF Priority Targets\n0740-0741: Reports on Strafing of lines of communications by fighter aircraft.\n0742: Material taken by airship to Washington.\n*Formerly called Bombing Reports No. 2"],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ids_ssim":["480e46a504f2fba6b1588537"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"unitid_ssm":["023","/repositories/10/archival_objects/34268"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"collection_ssim":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":87,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open to all researchers."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"date_range_isim":[1944],"containers_ssim":["02.0047 - Box 3","folder 023"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA collection of reports on a variety of topics in the MAAF and 15th AF. Microfilm pages from 0651-0742. Reports range from September to December 1944.\n0651-0652: Smoke Screens.\n0653-0654: Smoke Defense of Ploesti.\n0655-0658: Discussion of potential targets for attack at 15th AF HQ.\n0659: Innovation in bomber formations to avoid pathfinder failures, which led to flight abortions.\n0660-0667: MAAF Targets proposed for study by USSBS.\n0668-0672: Target Intel Report that emphasizes destruction of oil and communications targets. Includes two maps.\n0673-0676: Progress of the War Against Germany.\n0677-0681: Maps of types of targets for MAAF Bombers.\n0682: Extending Operating Range of 15th AF With Budapest Bases.\n0683-0686: Maps of Central European Theater and MAAF Bombing Targets.\n0687-0689: Risks of Overbombing.\n0690-0691: Air Photography. While not clearly important, it is being hampered by the seperation of facilitiesfor development and interpretation of film from strategic operational agencies.\n0692: Too faded to view.\n0693-0695: Smoke screens.\n0696-0727: \"The Economic Effects of Allied Attacks in Force on German Targets, 1st April 1944 and 30th June, 1944.\" Produced by the Ministry of Home Security Research and Experiments Department.\n0728-0730: PFF Targets, Principal Cities\n0731: Flak Areas MASAF.\n0732-0739: 15th AF Priority Targets\n0740-0741: Reports on Strafing of lines of communications by fighter aircraft.\n0742: Material taken by airship to Washington.\n*Formerly called Bombing Reports No. 2\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["A collection of reports on a variety of topics in the MAAF and 15th AF. Microfilm pages from 0651-0742. Reports range from September to December 1944.\n0651-0652: Smoke Screens.\n0653-0654: Smoke Defense of Ploesti.\n0655-0658: Discussion of potential targets for attack at 15th AF HQ.\n0659: Innovation in bomber formations to avoid pathfinder failures, which led to flight abortions.\n0660-0667: MAAF Targets proposed for study by USSBS.\n0668-0672: Target Intel Report that emphasizes destruction of oil and communications targets. Includes two maps.\n0673-0676: Progress of the War Against Germany.\n0677-0681: Maps of types of targets for MAAF Bombers.\n0682: Extending Operating Range of 15th AF With Budapest Bases.\n0683-0686: Maps of Central European Theater and MAAF Bombing Targets.\n0687-0689: Risks of Overbombing.\n0690-0691: Air Photography. While not clearly important, it is being hampered by the seperation of facilitiesfor development and interpretation of film from strategic operational agencies.\n0692: Too faded to view.\n0693-0695: Smoke screens.\n0696-0727: \"The Economic Effects of Allied Attacks in Force on German Targets, 1st April 1944 and 30th June, 1944.\" Produced by the Ministry of Home Security Research and Experiments Department.\n0728-0730: PFF Targets, Principal Cities\n0731: Flak Areas MASAF.\n0732-0739: 15th AF Priority Targets\n0740-0741: Reports on Strafing of lines of communications by fighter aircraft.\n0742: Material taken by airship to Washington.\n*Formerly called Bombing Reports No. 2"],"_nest_path_":"/components#86","_nest_parent_":"480e46a504f2fba6b1588537","_root_":"480e46a504f2fba6b1588537","timestamp":"2026-07-10T05:44:27.461Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"480e46a504f2fba6b1588537","title_filing_ssi":"484th Bombardment Group Association papers","title_ssm":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers"],"title_tesim":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers"],"ead_ssi":"480e46a504f2fba6b1588537","unitdate_ssm":["1939-1998"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1939-1998"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["02.0047","/repositories/10/resources/197"],"text":["02.0047","/repositories/10/resources/197","484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998","Foggia (Italy)","B-24 (Bomber)","World War, 1939-1945--Aerial operations","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Italy","World War, 1939-1945--Yugoslavia","World War, 1939-1945--Austria","This collection is open to all researchers.","Constituted as 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) on September 14, 1943, the group officially activated on September 20th. Trained for combat with B-24 Liberator heavy bombers, the group transferred to Torretto Airfield in Italy during March and April 1944. Torretta airfield (also known as Cerignola #3) served as a semi-permanent heavy bomber airfield located approximately 14km (9 miles) southwest of Cerignola in Apulia, Italy.  This airbase would eventually form part of the Foggia Airfield Complex.  Assigned to Fifteenth Air Force, the group was redesignated the 484th Bombardment Group (Pathfinder) in May 1944 but did not perform pathfinder functions. Again, redesignated 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) in November 1944, the group operated primarily as a strategic bombardment organization through to April 1945.\n The group attacked targets such as oil refineries, oil storage plants, aircraft factories, heavy industry, and communications in Italy, France, Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Rumania, and Yugoslavia. On June 13, 1944, a heavy smoke screen prevented the group from bombing marshaling yards at Munich. In spite of severe damage from German flak and fighters, and despite heavy gunfire encountered at the alternate target, the group bombed marshaling yards at Innsbruck and received a Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC) for its persistent action. The group received a second DUC for performance on August 22, 1944, when, unescorted, the organization fought its way through an intense opposition to attack underground oil storage installations in Vienna. In addition to strategic missions, the 484th supported the allied ground drive toward Rome by bombing bridges, supply dumps, viaducts, and marshaling yards from April to June 1944. Furthermore, the group ferried gasoline and oil to Allied forces in southern France during September 1944 and supported the final advance through northern Italy.  Moved to Casablanca in May 1945, the group was assigned to Air Transport Command and subsequently deactivated in French Morocco on July 25, 1945. Squadrons assigned to the group included the 824th, 825th, 826th, and 827th. Stations assigned for the group during the war included Harvard AAF,  Nebraska from September 20, 1943, to March 2, 1944; Torretta AAF, Italy from April 1944-May 1945; and Casablanca, French Morocco, from May 25 to July 25, 1945. The assigned commanders included Colonel William B Keese from October 1943 to April 1945 and Lieutenant Colonel Chester C. Busch from April 1945 to deactivation","History of  The Torretta Flyer  newsletter:","Bud Markel wrote the history of the 484th Bomb Group and preserved it in  The Torretta Flyer.  He and his wife Bea organized the first reunion of the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups in May of 1981.  In December of 1981, the 461st and 484th Bomb Groups Association were incorporated in the state of California as a non-profit corporation. Starting with a newsletter bulletin to keep early members up to date on the fledgling organization, the name  The Torretta Flyer  was first applied to newsletter number 4. In 1992 the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups formed their own separate associations. Bud was the president of the 484th BG Association and the editor of  The Torretta Flyer  until the association was disbanded in 2001.  An excellent writer, photographer, aviation historian, and organizer, Bud published  The Torretta Flyer  twice yearly for 20 years.  With the help of Bea, he also organized and hosted annual reunions for the association.  The Torretta Flyer  evolved from a mimeographed newsletter into a fine glossy magazine filled with photographs, data compiled from official sources, letters and stories written by members, and scholarly contributions from writers in the historical aviation field.  When the 484th BG Association was disbanded, Bud and Bea donated 50 1200 page bound two-volume sets of  The Torretta Flyer  to various libraries and museums around the country.  Bud Markel flew 35 combat missions as a B-24 engineer between January and May of 1945.  He was employed as an A\u0026P mechanic for United Airlines in Los Angeles from 1948 until retirement.  He was especially proud of the 484th BG Association scholarship fund which was originally conceived as a living memorial to the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups.  Through this fund, the association donated $53,000 to deserving high school students from the area around Cerignola, Italy.  The Torretta Flyer  is copyright © 484th Bomb Group Association","Link to The Torretta Flyer newsletter index:  http://www.484th.org/Torretta%20Flyer/Torretta%20Flyer.htm","Source:","\"484th Bombardment Group (H).\" www.484th.org. Accessed June 8, 2018. http://www.484th.org/.","Note written by Dick Olson, 484th Bombardment Group Association Historian","Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022.","Link to official website of the 484th Bombardment Group Association:   http://www.484th.org/ . This website is also included in an  Internet Archive web collection  for the World War II Archives. ","The Internet Archive collection includes the website for the 461st Bombardment Group (H).","This collection relates to the 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) that was assigned to the 15th Air Force and based in Torretta, Italy as a component of the Foggia Airfield Complex during World War II and assigned B-24 Liberator heavy bombers.  The materials contained in this collection were subsequently assembled during the post-war period by the 484th Bombardment Group Association.  The collection contains official reports, data sheets, statistics, newspapers, Missing Air Crew Reports, personal histories, photographs, and unit histories.","All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.","Claude Pepper Library","FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","484th Bombardment Group Association","United States. Army Air Forces, Bombardment Group (H), 484th","English"],"unitid_tesim":["02.0047","/repositories/10/resources/197"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1939-1998"],"normalized_title_ssm":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998"],"collection_title_tesim":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998"],"collection_ssim":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998"],"repository_ssm":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Foggia (Italy)"],"geogname_ssim":["Foggia (Italy)"],"creator_ssm":["484th Bombardment Group Association"],"creator_ssim":["484th Bombardment Group Association"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["484th Bombardment Group Association"],"creators_ssim":["484th Bombardment Group Association"],"places_ssim":["Foggia (Italy)"],"access_terms_ssm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"access_subjects_ssim":["B-24 (Bomber)","World War, 1939-1945--Aerial operations","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Italy","World War, 1939-1945--Yugoslavia","World War, 1939-1945--Austria"],"access_subjects_ssm":["B-24 (Bomber)","World War, 1939-1945--Aerial operations","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Italy","World War, 1939-1945--Yugoslavia","World War, 1939-1945--Austria"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["17 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["17 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to all researchers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to all researchers."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eConstituted as 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) on September 14, 1943, the group officially activated on September 20th. Trained for combat with B-24 Liberator heavy bombers, the group transferred to Torretto Airfield in Italy during March and April 1944. Torretta airfield (also known as Cerignola #3) served as a semi-permanent heavy bomber airfield located approximately 14km (9 miles) southwest of Cerignola in Apulia, Italy.\u0026#xA0; This airbase would eventually form part of the Foggia Airfield Complex.\u0026#xA0; Assigned to Fifteenth Air Force, the group was redesignated the 484th Bombardment Group (Pathfinder) in May 1944 but did not perform pathfinder functions. Again, redesignated 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) in November 1944, the group operated primarily as a strategic bombardment organization through to April 1945.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe group attacked targets such as oil refineries, oil storage plants, aircraft factories, heavy industry, and communications in Italy, France, Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Rumania, and Yugoslavia. On June 13, 1944, a heavy smoke screen prevented the group from bombing marshaling yards at Munich. In spite of severe damage from German flak and fighters, and despite heavy gunfire encountered at the alternate target, the group bombed marshaling yards at Innsbruck and received a Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC) for its persistent action. The group received a second DUC for performance on August 22, 1944, when, unescorted, the organization fought its way through an intense opposition to attack underground oil storage installations in Vienna. In addition to strategic missions, the 484th supported the allied ground drive toward Rome by bombing bridges, supply dumps, viaducts, and marshaling yards from April to June 1944. Furthermore, the group ferried gasoline and oil to Allied forces in southern France during September 1944 and supported the final advance through northern Italy.\u0026#xA0; Moved to Casablanca in May 1945, the group was assigned to Air Transport Command and subsequently deactivated in French Morocco on July 25, 1945. Squadrons assigned to the group included the 824th, 825th, 826th, and 827th. Stations assigned for the group during the war included Harvard AAF,\u0026#xA0; Nebraska from September 20, 1943, to March 2, 1944; Torretta AAF, Italy from April 1944-May 1945; and Casablanca, French Morocco, from May 25 to July 25, 1945. The assigned commanders included Colonel William B Keese from October 1943 to April 1945 and Lieutenant Colonel Chester C. Busch from April 1945 to deactivation\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistory of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e newsletter:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBud Markel wrote the history of the 484th Bomb Group and preserved it in \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer.\u003c/emph\u003e He and his wife Bea organized the first reunion of the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups in May of 1981.\u0026#xA0; In December of 1981, the 461st and 484th Bomb Groups Association were incorporated in the state of California as a non-profit corporation. Starting with a newsletter bulletin to keep early members up to date on the fledgling organization, the name \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e was first applied to newsletter number 4. In 1992 the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups formed their own separate associations. Bud was the president of the 484th BG Association and the editor of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e until the association was disbanded in 2001.\u0026#xA0; An excellent writer, photographer, aviation historian, and organizer, Bud published \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e twice yearly for 20 years.\u0026#xA0; With the help of Bea, he also organized and hosted annual reunions for the association. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e evolved from a mimeographed newsletter into a fine glossy magazine filled with photographs, data compiled from official sources, letters and stories written by members, and scholarly contributions from writers in the historical aviation field.\u0026#xA0; When the 484th BG Association was disbanded, Bud and Bea donated 50 1200 page bound two-volume sets of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e to various libraries and museums around the country.\u0026#xA0; Bud Markel flew 35 combat missions as a B-24 engineer between January and May of 1945.\u0026#xA0; He was employed as an A\u0026amp;P mechanic for United Airlines in Los Angeles from 1948 until retirement.\u0026#xA0; He was especially proud of the 484th BG Association scholarship fund which was originally conceived as a living memorial to the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups.\u0026#xA0; Through this fund, the association donated $53,000 to deserving high school students from the area around Cerignola, Italy. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e is copyright \u0026#xA9; 484th Bomb Group Association\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLink to The Torretta Flyer newsletter index: \u003cextref href=\"http://www.484th.org/Torretta%20Flyer/Torretta%20Flyer.htm\"\u003ehttp://www.484th.org/Torretta%20Flyer/Torretta%20Flyer.htm\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSource:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"484th Bombardment Group (H).\" www.484th.org. Accessed June 8, 2018. http://www.484th.org/.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNote written by Dick Olson, 484th Bombardment Group Association Historian\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Constituted as 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) on September 14, 1943, the group officially activated on September 20th. Trained for combat with B-24 Liberator heavy bombers, the group transferred to Torretto Airfield in Italy during March and April 1944. Torretta airfield (also known as Cerignola #3) served as a semi-permanent heavy bomber airfield located approximately 14km (9 miles) southwest of Cerignola in Apulia, Italy.  This airbase would eventually form part of the Foggia Airfield Complex.  Assigned to Fifteenth Air Force, the group was redesignated the 484th Bombardment Group (Pathfinder) in May 1944 but did not perform pathfinder functions. Again, redesignated 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) in November 1944, the group operated primarily as a strategic bombardment organization through to April 1945.\n The group attacked targets such as oil refineries, oil storage plants, aircraft factories, heavy industry, and communications in Italy, France, Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Rumania, and Yugoslavia. On June 13, 1944, a heavy smoke screen prevented the group from bombing marshaling yards at Munich. In spite of severe damage from German flak and fighters, and despite heavy gunfire encountered at the alternate target, the group bombed marshaling yards at Innsbruck and received a Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC) for its persistent action. The group received a second DUC for performance on August 22, 1944, when, unescorted, the organization fought its way through an intense opposition to attack underground oil storage installations in Vienna. In addition to strategic missions, the 484th supported the allied ground drive toward Rome by bombing bridges, supply dumps, viaducts, and marshaling yards from April to June 1944. Furthermore, the group ferried gasoline and oil to Allied forces in southern France during September 1944 and supported the final advance through northern Italy.  Moved to Casablanca in May 1945, the group was assigned to Air Transport Command and subsequently deactivated in French Morocco on July 25, 1945. Squadrons assigned to the group included the 824th, 825th, 826th, and 827th. Stations assigned for the group during the war included Harvard AAF,  Nebraska from September 20, 1943, to March 2, 1944; Torretta AAF, Italy from April 1944-May 1945; and Casablanca, French Morocco, from May 25 to July 25, 1945. The assigned commanders included Colonel William B Keese from October 1943 to April 1945 and Lieutenant Colonel Chester C. Busch from April 1945 to deactivation","History of  The Torretta Flyer  newsletter:","Bud Markel wrote the history of the 484th Bomb Group and preserved it in  The Torretta Flyer.  He and his wife Bea organized the first reunion of the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups in May of 1981.  In December of 1981, the 461st and 484th Bomb Groups Association were incorporated in the state of California as a non-profit corporation. Starting with a newsletter bulletin to keep early members up to date on the fledgling organization, the name  The Torretta Flyer  was first applied to newsletter number 4. In 1992 the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups formed their own separate associations. Bud was the president of the 484th BG Association and the editor of  The Torretta Flyer  until the association was disbanded in 2001.  An excellent writer, photographer, aviation historian, and organizer, Bud published  The Torretta Flyer  twice yearly for 20 years.  With the help of Bea, he also organized and hosted annual reunions for the association.  The Torretta Flyer  evolved from a mimeographed newsletter into a fine glossy magazine filled with photographs, data compiled from official sources, letters and stories written by members, and scholarly contributions from writers in the historical aviation field.  When the 484th BG Association was disbanded, Bud and Bea donated 50 1200 page bound two-volume sets of  The Torretta Flyer  to various libraries and museums around the country.  Bud Markel flew 35 combat missions as a B-24 engineer between January and May of 1945.  He was employed as an A\u0026P mechanic for United Airlines in Los Angeles from 1948 until retirement.  He was especially proud of the 484th BG Association scholarship fund which was originally conceived as a living memorial to the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups.  Through this fund, the association donated $53,000 to deserving high school students from the area around Cerignola, Italy.  The Torretta Flyer  is copyright © 484th Bomb Group Association","Link to The Torretta Flyer newsletter index:  http://www.484th.org/Torretta%20Flyer/Torretta%20Flyer.htm","Source:","\"484th Bombardment Group (H).\" www.484th.org. Accessed June 8, 2018. http://www.484th.org/.","Note written by Dick Olson, 484th Bombardment Group Association Historian"],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTransferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives in July 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], 484th Bombardment Group Association papers, Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_02_0047\"\u003ehttp://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_02_0047\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], 484th Bombardment Group Association papers, Special Collections \u0026 Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida.  http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_02_0047 ."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLink to official website of the 484th Bombardment Group Association:\u0026#xA0; \u003cextref href=\"http://www.484th.org/\"\u003ehttp://www.484th.org/\u003c/extref\u003e. This website is also included in an \u003cextref href=\"https://archive-it.org/collections/10115\"\u003eInternet Archive web collection\u003c/extref\u003e for the World War II Archives. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Internet Archive collection includes the website for the 461st Bombardment Group (H).\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials - Related Publications"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Link to official website of the 484th Bombardment Group Association:   http://www.484th.org/ . This website is also included in an  Internet Archive web collection  for the World War II Archives. ","The Internet Archive collection includes the website for the 461st Bombardment Group (H)."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection relates to the 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) that was assigned to the 15th Air Force and based in Torretta, Italy as a component of the Foggia Airfield Complex during World War II and assigned B-24 Liberator heavy bombers.\u0026#xA0; The materials contained in this collection were subsequently assembled during the post-war period by the 484th Bombardment Group Association.\u0026#xA0; The collection contains official reports, data sheets, statistics, newspapers, Missing Air Crew Reports, personal histories, photographs, and unit histories.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection relates to the 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) that was assigned to the 15th Air Force and based in Torretta, Italy as a component of the Foggia Airfield Complex during World War II and assigned B-24 Liberator heavy bombers.  The materials contained in this collection were subsequently assembled during the post-war period by the 484th Bombardment Group Association.  The collection contains official reports, data sheets, statistics, newspapers, Missing Air Crew Reports, personal histories, photographs, and unit histories."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_dc95db454fe0ad060bd914009fe90431\"\u003eClaude Pepper Library\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Claude Pepper Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["484th Bombardment Group Association","United States. Army Air Forces, Bombardment Group (H), 484th"],"names_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","484th Bombardment Group Association","United States. Army Air Forces, Bombardment Group (H), 484th"],"corpname_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","484th Bombardment Group Association","United States. Army Air Forces, Bombardment Group (H), 484th"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":315,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"480e46a504f2fba6b1588537","timestamp":"2026-07-10T05:44:27.461Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/480e46a504f2fba6b1588537_aspace_222040"}},{"id":"789ec3142ea5ddb5f1375ea2_aspace_5b068a5325d9249522674a0cdd6dd869","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"178th Ordnance Company Veterans' Association Roster, 1943-1991","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/789ec3142ea5ddb5f1375ea2_aspace_5b068a5325d9249522674a0cdd6dd869#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eThis photocopied manuscript was created for members of the 178th Ordnance Depot Company veterans. The manuscript contains rosters from 1945 and 1991, unit history, war dated unit newsletters, original worship service programs from the war, VE Day program, Battle of the Bulge, reunions, and indoctrination back to the U.S.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/789ec3142ea5ddb5f1375ea2_aspace_5b068a5325d9249522674a0cdd6dd869#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_5b068a5325d9249522674a0cdd6dd869","ref_ssm":["aspace_5b068a5325d9249522674a0cdd6dd869","aspace_5b068a5325d9249522674a0cdd6dd869"],"id":"789ec3142ea5ddb5f1375ea2_aspace_5b068a5325d9249522674a0cdd6dd869","title_filing_ssi":"178th Ordnance Company Veterans' Association Roster","title_ssm":["178th Ordnance Company Veterans' Association Roster"],"title_tesim":["178th Ordnance Company Veterans' Association Roster"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1943-1991"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1943-1991"],"normalized_title_ssm":["178th Ordnance Company Veterans' Association Roster, 1943-1991"],"text":["178th Ordnance Company Veterans' Association Roster, 1943-1991","Bert Williamson Webb papers, 1941-1945, Date accessioned: 2018-10-26","/repositories/10/archival_objects/185429","18.0030 - Box 1","folder 004","This photocopied manuscript was created for members of the 178th Ordnance Depot Company veterans.  The manuscript contains rosters from 1945 and 1991, unit history, war dated unit newsletters, original worship service programs from the war, VE Day program, Battle of the Bulge, reunions, and indoctrination back to the U.S."],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ids_ssim":["789ec3142ea5ddb5f1375ea2"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Bert Williamson Webb papers, 1941-1945, Date accessioned: 2018-10-26"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Bert Williamson Webb papers, 1941-1945, Date accessioned: 2018-10-26"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/10/archival_objects/185429"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Bert Williamson Webb papers, 1941-1945, Date accessioned: 2018-10-26"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":4,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open to all researchers."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"date_range_isim":[1943,1944,1945],"containers_ssim":["18.0030 - Box 1","folder 004"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis photocopied manuscript was created for members of the 178th Ordnance Depot Company veterans.  The manuscript contains rosters from 1945 and 1991, unit history, war dated unit newsletters, original worship service programs from the war, VE Day program, Battle of the Bulge, reunions, and indoctrination back to the U.S.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This photocopied manuscript was created for members of the 178th Ordnance Depot Company veterans.  The manuscript contains rosters from 1945 and 1991, unit history, war dated unit newsletters, original worship service programs from the war, VE Day program, Battle of the Bulge, reunions, and indoctrination back to the U.S."],"_nest_path_":"/components#3","_nest_parent_":"789ec3142ea5ddb5f1375ea2","_root_":"789ec3142ea5ddb5f1375ea2","timestamp":"2026-07-10T04:34:13.362Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"789ec3142ea5ddb5f1375ea2","title_filing_ssi":"Webb, Bert Williamson papers","title_ssm":["Bert Williamson Webb papers"],"title_tesim":["Bert Williamson Webb papers"],"ead_ssi":"789ec3142ea5ddb5f1375ea2","unitdate_ssm":["1941-1945","Date accessioned: 2018-10-26"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1941-1945"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date accessioned: 2018-10-26"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["18.0030","/repositories/10/resources/1430"],"text":["18.0030","/repositories/10/resources/1430","Bert Williamson Webb papers, 1941-1945, Date accessioned: 2018-10-26","Milledgeville (Ga.)","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--France","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Belgium","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Scheldt River Estuary (Netherlands and Belgium)","This collection is open to all researchers.","Bert Williamson Webb was born on January 14, 1919, in Milledgeville, Georgia, to Berta Williamson Digby and Luke Digby. His mother died on the day of his birth, and he was soon adopted and raised by his mother's sister, Mary Williamson Webb and her husband Milton Webb.   Webb grew up on a farm in rural Milledgeville, was educated until the fourth grade in a one room school house, went to Georgia Military and graduated from the University of Georgia with a Bachelors of Science in Accounting.   During World War II, Webb served as a Captain in the U.S. Army with the 178th Ordnance Depot Company. He shipped overseas to Europe on November 11, 1943. He participated in the Invasion of Normandy and four other campaigns including the Battle of the Bulge. He was awarded a Bronze Star and five battle stars. He returned to the United States on November 11, 1945.   Following the war, Webb and his wife, Mary, lived in Chicago, Illinois, where he began his career with the Internal Revenue Service while also taking classes at Northwestern and attending Chicago Kent College of Law. After three years and the birth of his first daughter, Linda, and son, George, he was transferred to Jacksonville, Florida for a year and then Ocala for five years where his daughter, Andera, was born. Following a brief one year stay in Tampa, Florida, Webb decided to stay with the IRS and was relocated to Orlando, where he lived for 25 years in Pine Hills. Webb was one of the founders of the Pine Hills Boys Club and the Optimist Club; an active coach in Little League; and a Sunday school teacher at Pine Hills Methodist Church. In 1991 he and his wife, Mary, moved to Altamonte Springs, where he lived until his death on November 23, 2018.   Webb remained with the IRS until 1974 when he took early retirement. After retirement, Webb continued to prepare tax returns to help friends and extended family. During his career in the IRS, he had the opportunity to audit two former Presidents of the United States.   Source:  DeGusipe Funeral Home. \"Obituary for Bert Williamson Webb.\" www.degusipefuneralhome.com. https://www.degusipefuneralhome.com/obituaries/Bert-Webb/#!/Obituary (accessed June 30, 2019).","Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022.","This collection relates to Bert Williamson Webb who served as a Captain in the U.S. Army with the 178th Ordnance Depot Company during World War II in the European Theater of Operations. Webb received a Bronze Star Medal for his service.  This collection includes a manuscript memoir of Webb's World War II service in the U.S. Army, photographs, unit history with roster, and pre-war cadet booklet.","All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.","FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Webb, Bert Williamson, 1921-2018","Webb, Linda Jean, Dr.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["18.0030","/repositories/10/resources/1430"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1941-1945, Date accessioned: 2018-10-26"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Bert Williamson Webb papers, 1941-1945, Date accessioned: 2018-10-26"],"collection_title_tesim":["Bert Williamson Webb papers, 1941-1945, Date accessioned: 2018-10-26"],"collection_ssim":["Bert Williamson Webb papers, 1941-1945, Date accessioned: 2018-10-26"],"repository_ssm":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Milledgeville (Ga.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Milledgeville (Ga.)"],"creator_ssm":["Webb, Bert Williamson, 1921-2018","Webb, Linda Jean, Dr."],"creator_ssim":["Webb, Bert Williamson, 1921-2018","Webb, Linda Jean, Dr."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Webb, Bert Williamson, 1921-2018","Webb, Linda Jean, Dr."],"creators_ssim":["Webb, Bert Williamson, 1921-2018","Webb, Linda Jean, Dr."],"places_ssim":["Milledgeville (Ga.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--France","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Belgium","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Scheldt River Estuary (Netherlands and Belgium)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--France","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Belgium","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Scheldt River Estuary (Netherlands and Belgium)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 folders"],"extent_tesim":["1 folders"],"date_range_isim":[1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,2018],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to all researchers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to all researchers."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBert Williamson Webb was born on January 14, 1919, in Milledgeville, Georgia, to Berta Williamson Digby and Luke Digby. His mother died on the day of his birth, and he was soon adopted and raised by his mother's sister, Mary Williamson Webb and her husband Milton Webb. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Webb grew up on a farm in rural Milledgeville, was educated until the fourth grade in a one room school house, went to Georgia Military and graduated from the University of Georgia with a Bachelors of Science in Accounting. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e During World War II, Webb served as a Captain in the U.S. Army with the 178th Ordnance Depot Company. He shipped overseas to Europe on November 11, 1943. He participated in the Invasion of Normandy and four other campaigns including the Battle of the Bulge. He was awarded a Bronze Star and five battle stars. He returned to the United States on November 11, 1945. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Following the war, Webb and his wife, Mary, lived in Chicago, Illinois, where he began his career with the Internal Revenue Service while also taking classes at Northwestern and attending Chicago Kent College of Law. After three years and the birth of his first daughter, Linda, and son, George, he was transferred to Jacksonville, Florida for a year and then Ocala for five years where his daughter, Andera, was born. Following a brief one year stay in Tampa, Florida, Webb decided to stay with the IRS and was relocated to Orlando, where he lived for 25 years in Pine Hills. Webb was one of the founders of the Pine Hills Boys Club and the Optimist Club; an active coach in Little League; and a Sunday school teacher at Pine Hills Methodist Church. In 1991 he and his wife, Mary, moved to Altamonte Springs, where he lived until his death on November 23, 2018. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Webb remained with the IRS until 1974 when he took early retirement. After retirement, Webb continued to prepare tax returns to help friends and extended family. During his career in the IRS, he had the opportunity to audit two former Presidents of the United States. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Source:\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e DeGusipe Funeral Home. \"Obituary for Bert Williamson Webb.\" www.degusipefuneralhome.com. https://www.degusipefuneralhome.com/obituaries/Bert-Webb/#!/Obituary (accessed June 30, 2019).\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Bert Williamson Webb was born on January 14, 1919, in Milledgeville, Georgia, to Berta Williamson Digby and Luke Digby. His mother died on the day of his birth, and he was soon adopted and raised by his mother's sister, Mary Williamson Webb and her husband Milton Webb.   Webb grew up on a farm in rural Milledgeville, was educated until the fourth grade in a one room school house, went to Georgia Military and graduated from the University of Georgia with a Bachelors of Science in Accounting.   During World War II, Webb served as a Captain in the U.S. Army with the 178th Ordnance Depot Company. He shipped overseas to Europe on November 11, 1943. He participated in the Invasion of Normandy and four other campaigns including the Battle of the Bulge. He was awarded a Bronze Star and five battle stars. He returned to the United States on November 11, 1945.   Following the war, Webb and his wife, Mary, lived in Chicago, Illinois, where he began his career with the Internal Revenue Service while also taking classes at Northwestern and attending Chicago Kent College of Law. After three years and the birth of his first daughter, Linda, and son, George, he was transferred to Jacksonville, Florida for a year and then Ocala for five years where his daughter, Andera, was born. Following a brief one year stay in Tampa, Florida, Webb decided to stay with the IRS and was relocated to Orlando, where he lived for 25 years in Pine Hills. Webb was one of the founders of the Pine Hills Boys Club and the Optimist Club; an active coach in Little League; and a Sunday school teacher at Pine Hills Methodist Church. In 1991 he and his wife, Mary, moved to Altamonte Springs, where he lived until his death on November 23, 2018.   Webb remained with the IRS until 1974 when he took early retirement. After retirement, Webb continued to prepare tax returns to help friends and extended family. During his career in the IRS, he had the opportunity to audit two former Presidents of the United States.   Source:  DeGusipe Funeral Home. \"Obituary for Bert Williamson Webb.\" www.degusipefuneralhome.com. https://www.degusipefuneralhome.com/obituaries/Bert-Webb/#!/Obituary (accessed June 30, 2019)."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTransferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives in July 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], Bert Williamson Webb papers, Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_18_0030.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], Bert Williamson Webb papers, Special Collections \u0026 Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_18_0030."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection relates to Bert Williamson Webb who served as a Captain in the U.S. Army with the 178th Ordnance Depot Company during World War II in the European Theater of Operations. Webb received a Bronze Star Medal for his service.  This collection includes a manuscript memoir of Webb's World War II service in the U.S. Army, photographs, unit history with roster, and pre-war cadet booklet.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection relates to Bert Williamson Webb who served as a Captain in the U.S. Army with the 178th Ordnance Depot Company during World War II in the European Theater of Operations. Webb received a Bronze Star Medal for his service.  This collection includes a manuscript memoir of Webb's World War II service in the U.S. Army, photographs, unit history with roster, and pre-war cadet booklet."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"names_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Webb, Bert Williamson, 1921-2018","Webb, Linda Jean, Dr."],"corpname_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["Webb, Linda Jean, Dr."],"persname_ssim":["Webb, Bert Williamson, 1921-2018","Webb, Linda Jean, Dr."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":5,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"789ec3142ea5ddb5f1375ea2","timestamp":"2026-07-10T04:34:13.362Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/789ec3142ea5ddb5f1375ea2_aspace_5b068a5325d9249522674a0cdd6dd869"}},{"id":"3d637bb22bdad4a93c555a1c_aspace_d5f135825799c1b8cfcd154c46c1b7f7","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"1900s miscellaneous, 1914-1980","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/3d637bb22bdad4a93c555a1c_aspace_d5f135825799c1b8cfcd154c46c1b7f7#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_d5f135825799c1b8cfcd154c46c1b7f7","ref_ssm":["aspace_d5f135825799c1b8cfcd154c46c1b7f7","aspace_d5f135825799c1b8cfcd154c46c1b7f7"],"id":"3d637bb22bdad4a93c555a1c_aspace_d5f135825799c1b8cfcd154c46c1b7f7","title_filing_ssi":"1900s miscellaneous ","title_ssm":["1900s miscellaneous "],"title_tesim":["1900s miscellaneous "],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1914-1980"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1914-1980"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1900s miscellaneous, 1914-1980"],"text":["1900s miscellaneous, 1914-1980","Edith Daly Papers of Eugene Elliott, bulk 1849-1980","Elliott family papers","/repositories/3/archival_objects/214073","box 1","folder 1"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["3d637bb22bdad4a93c555a1c","3d637bb22bdad4a93c555a1c_aspace_529469b3898b74410ed8bd0ed682cb1b"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Edith Daly Papers of Eugene Elliott, bulk 1849-1980","Elliott family papers"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Edith Daly Papers of Eugene Elliott, bulk 1849-1980","Elliott family papers"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/3/archival_objects/214073"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - St. Petersburg Special Collections \u0026 University Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Edith Daly Papers of Eugene Elliott, bulk 1849-1980"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":2,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["None"],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information."],"date_range_isim":[1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980],"containers_ssim":["box 1","folder 1"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#0","_nest_parent_":"3d637bb22bdad4a93c555a1c_aspace_529469b3898b74410ed8bd0ed682cb1b","_root_":"3d637bb22bdad4a93c555a1c","timestamp":"2026-07-08T03:41:24.553Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"3d637bb22bdad4a93c555a1c","title_ssm":["Edith Daly Papers of Eugene Elliott"],"title_tesim":["Edith Daly Papers of Eugene Elliott"],"ead_ssi":"3d637bb22bdad4a93c555a1c","unitdate_ssm":["1849-1980"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1849-1980"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SP-MS-2009-004","/repositories/3/resources/756"],"text":["SP-MS-2009-004","/repositories/3/resources/756","Edith Daly Papers of Eugene Elliott, bulk 1849-1980","Gandy Bridge (Hillsborough County, Fla.)","St. Petersburg (Fla.)  -- Maps","Florida -- Genealogy","Florida -- History, Local","Bridges -- Florida -- Tampa Bay","Letters","Correspondence.","Families -- Florida -- Tampa Bay Region -- Biography","Photographs--Florida","Genealogy – Florida.","Genealogy (Florida)","Records and Correspondence","None","The folders in the Elliott Family Papers (Series 1) were arranged chronologically upon initial receipt of the collection. These folders sometimes commingle material types and creators. Series 2-4 were arranged in 2026 and were arranged into series based on material type and further arranged into folders based on creators or themes.","Eugene M. Elliott (Gene) was born in Topeka, Kansas, in 1882. He worked in the White House under President Theodore Roosevelt and served in other government positions during World War I. After directing the election campaigns of Warren G. Harding and Calvin Coolidge, he arrived in St. Petersburg in 1922 and began raising money for the Gandy Bridge which opened in 1924. Elliott's Boulevard and Bay Land Development Company bought land near the Gandy Bridge (including Weedon Island) with the goal of creating the Florida Riviera subdivision. Elliott invited J. Walter Fewkes of the Smithsonian Institution to conduct archaeological exploration of a mound on Weedon Island, resulting in the discovery of a major Pre-Columbian archaeological site. Elliott's real estate endeavors eventually failed and he went bankrupt during Florida's real estate bust in 1926. Elliott's wife of 21 years filed for divorce in 1926 and died of suspicious circumstances at their Beach Drive home shortly after. Elliott was initially charged with murder, but the charges were eventually dropped in 1927 after the disappearance of Elliott's maid and key witness Annie Gadsen. Elliott sold his St. Petersburg properties to the Gandy estate and left for California, eventually returning to St. Petersburg in the 1940s until his death in 1945.","Collection has series of Elliot family papers, correspondence, publications, and photographs. Material include Eugene Elliott family records, letters and correspondence, photographs, and papers from 1849 through the 1980s.","None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information.","Family papers of Eugene (Gene) M. Elliott, a historical figure in St. Petersburg known for raising money for the Gandy Bridge and attempting to create a subdivision on Weedon Island.","USF Libraries - St. Petersburg Special Collections \u0026 University Archives","Daly, Edith (1937-)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SP-MS-2009-004","/repositories/3/resources/756"],"normalized_date_ssm":["bulk 1849-1980"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Edith Daly Papers of Eugene Elliott, bulk 1849-1980"],"collection_title_tesim":["Edith Daly Papers of Eugene Elliott, bulk 1849-1980"],"collection_ssim":["Edith Daly Papers of Eugene Elliott, bulk 1849-1980"],"repository_ssm":["USF Libraries - St. Petersburg Special Collections \u0026 University Archives"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - St. Petersburg Special Collections \u0026 University Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Gandy Bridge (Hillsborough County, Fla.)","St. Petersburg (Fla.)  -- Maps","Florida -- Genealogy"],"geogname_ssim":["Gandy Bridge (Hillsborough County, Fla.)","St. Petersburg (Fla.)  -- Maps","Florida -- Genealogy"],"creator_ssm":["Daly, Edith (1937-)"],"creator_ssim":["Daly, Edith (1937-)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Daly, Edith (1937-)"],"creators_ssim":["Daly, Edith (1937-)"],"places_ssim":["Gandy Bridge (Hillsborough County, Fla.)","St. Petersburg (Fla.)  -- Maps","Florida -- Genealogy"],"access_terms_ssm":["None. 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Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Florida -- History, Local","Bridges -- Florida -- Tampa Bay","Letters","Correspondence.","Families -- Florida -- Tampa Bay Region -- Biography","Photographs--Florida","Genealogy – Florida.","Genealogy (Florida)","Records and Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Florida -- History, Local","Bridges -- Florida -- Tampa Bay","Letters","Correspondence.","Families -- Florida -- Tampa Bay Region -- Biography","Photographs--Florida","Genealogy – Florida.","Genealogy (Florida)","Records and Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["9 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["9 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["None"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe folders in the Elliott Family Papers (Series 1) were arranged chronologically upon initial receipt of the collection. These folders sometimes commingle material types and creators. Series 2-4 were arranged in 2026 and were arranged into series based on material type and further arranged into folders based on creators or themes.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The folders in the Elliott Family Papers (Series 1) were arranged chronologically upon initial receipt of the collection. These folders sometimes commingle material types and creators. Series 2-4 were arranged in 2026 and were arranged into series based on material type and further arranged into folders based on creators or themes."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEugene M. Elliott (Gene) was born in Topeka, Kansas, in 1882. He worked in the White House under President Theodore Roosevelt and served in other government positions during World War I. After directing the election campaigns of Warren G. Harding and Calvin Coolidge, he arrived in St. Petersburg in 1922 and began raising money for the Gandy Bridge which opened in 1924. Elliott's Boulevard and Bay Land Development Company bought land near the Gandy Bridge (including Weedon Island) with the goal of creating the Florida Riviera subdivision. Elliott invited J. Walter Fewkes of the Smithsonian Institution to conduct archaeological exploration of a mound on Weedon Island, resulting in the discovery of a major Pre-Columbian archaeological site. Elliott's real estate endeavors eventually failed and he went bankrupt during Florida's real estate bust in 1926. Elliott's wife of 21 years filed for divorce in 1926 and died of suspicious circumstances at their Beach Drive home shortly after. Elliott was initially charged with murder, but the charges were eventually dropped in 1927 after the disappearance of Elliott's maid and key witness Annie Gadsen. Elliott sold his St. Petersburg properties to the Gandy estate and left for California, eventually returning to St. Petersburg in the 1940s until his death in 1945.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Eugene M. Elliott (Gene) was born in Topeka, Kansas, in 1882. He worked in the White House under President Theodore Roosevelt and served in other government positions during World War I. After directing the election campaigns of Warren G. Harding and Calvin Coolidge, he arrived in St. Petersburg in 1922 and began raising money for the Gandy Bridge which opened in 1924. Elliott's Boulevard and Bay Land Development Company bought land near the Gandy Bridge (including Weedon Island) with the goal of creating the Florida Riviera subdivision. Elliott invited J. Walter Fewkes of the Smithsonian Institution to conduct archaeological exploration of a mound on Weedon Island, resulting in the discovery of a major Pre-Columbian archaeological site. Elliott's real estate endeavors eventually failed and he went bankrupt during Florida's real estate bust in 1926. Elliott's wife of 21 years filed for divorce in 1926 and died of suspicious circumstances at their Beach Drive home shortly after. Elliott was initially charged with murder, but the charges were eventually dropped in 1927 after the disappearance of Elliott's maid and key witness Annie Gadsen. Elliott sold his St. Petersburg properties to the Gandy estate and left for California, eventually returning to St. Petersburg in the 1940s until his death in 1945."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEdith Daly Papers of Eugene Elliott, Nelson Poynter Memorial Library Special Collections and University Archives, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Edith Daly Papers of Eugene Elliott, Nelson Poynter Memorial Library Special Collections and University Archives, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection has series of Elliot family papers, correspondence, publications, and photographs. 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Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_54520587b92b5fa1606f4f3ffa38042d\"\u003eFamily papers of Eugene (Gene) M. Elliott, a historical figure in St. Petersburg known for raising money for the Gandy Bridge and attempting to create a subdivision on Weedon Island.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Family papers of Eugene (Gene) M. 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