{"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1943\u0026page=500","prev":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1943\u0026page=499","next":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1943\u0026page=501","last":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1943\u0026page=541"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":500,"next_page":501,"prev_page":499,"total_pages":541,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":4990,"total_count":5405,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86_aspace_b3b123f00f47982aaf7c28fc5e16b882","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Timothy Haworth: Correspondence, 1942-1984","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86_aspace_b3b123f00f47982aaf7c28fc5e16b882#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eCPS correspondence, 1942-1944; Correspondence from Dorothy Haworth (wife) to Heather Frazer, 1984\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86_aspace_b3b123f00f47982aaf7c28fc5e16b882#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_b3b123f00f47982aaf7c28fc5e16b882","ref_ssm":["aspace_b3b123f00f47982aaf7c28fc5e16b882","aspace_b3b123f00f47982aaf7c28fc5e16b882"],"id":"4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86_aspace_b3b123f00f47982aaf7c28fc5e16b882","title_filing_ssi":"Timothy Haworth: Correspondence","title_ssm":["Timothy Haworth: Correspondence"],"title_tesim":["Timothy Haworth: Correspondence"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1942-1984"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1942-1984"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Timothy Haworth: Correspondence, 1942-1984"],"text":["Timothy Haworth: Correspondence, 1942-1984","Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection, 1871 - 2006","Interviews: Related Research, bulk 1941-1992","/repositories/2/archival_objects/78264","box 65","folder 4","CPS correspondence, 1942-1944; Correspondence from Dorothy Haworth (wife) to Heather Frazer, 1984"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86","4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86_aspace_455c4037173dcd3442145701b9671c90"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection, 1871 - 2006","Interviews: Related Research, bulk 1941-1992"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection, 1871 - 2006","Interviews: Related Research, bulk 1941-1992"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/2/archival_objects/78264"],"repository_ssim":["Florida Atlantic University Libraries"],"collection_ssim":["Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection, 1871 - 2006"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":675,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collections are available for supervised use in the Special Collections reading room during regular hours or by appointment. 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It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder. Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact Special Collections. See less See less"],"date_range_isim":[1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984],"containers_ssim":["box 65","folder 4"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCPS correspondence, 1942-1944; Correspondence from Dorothy Haworth (wife) to Heather Frazer, 1984\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["CPS correspondence, 1942-1944; Correspondence from Dorothy Haworth (wife) to Heather Frazer, 1984"],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#11","_nest_parent_":"4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86_aspace_455c4037173dcd3442145701b9671c90","_root_":"4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86","timestamp":"2026-07-11T02:01:13.886Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86","title_ssm":["Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection"],"title_tesim":["Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection"],"ead_ssi":"4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86","unitdate_ssm":["1871 - 2006"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1871 - 2006"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["UAFP0012","/repositories/2/resources/203"],"text":["UAFP0012","/repositories/2/resources/203","Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection, 1871 - 2006","United States","World War, 1939-1945","University Archives","University Archives -- Faculty Papers"," Civilian Public Service -- History","World War, 1939-1945 -- Conscientious objectors -- United States","Oral history","Collections are available for supervised use in the Special Collections reading room during regular hours or by appointment. Users are required to complete a registration form and to comply with regulations governing use. Research assistance may be available but please email or phone first to set up an appointment.","Photocopies or electronic copies of material in the collections may be provided within copyright limits but may not be ready immediately. In addition, selected materials are digitized and available electronically through the Digital Library. See less","The Frazer-O'Sullivan Collection contains the research for the co- authored book, We Have Just Begun to Not Fight: An Oral History of Conscientious Objectors in the Civilian Public Service During World War II, by Heather Frazer and John O'Sullivan. More than 40,000 American men refused to fight during World War II. Citing principled opposition, they declared themselves conscientious objectors. Rejecting combat duty, nearly 12,000 men entered Civilian Public Service (CPS) with the intent to perform \"work of national importance\" as an alternative to combat duty. The CPS program was set up by members of the historic peace churches (Mennonites, Brethren, and Quakers) and participated in by pacifists from other churches, of no specific religious persuasion, and, in the case of a few, no persuasion except not to fight in that particular war. CPS men worked as aides in mental hospitals, volunteered as smoke jumpers in forest fires, and participated in grueling medical and scientific experiments.  Frazer and O'Sullivan use the oral histories of 15 CPS men and two of their wives to illuminate their experience during World War II. ","Heather T. Frazer (1940 – 2016) was a professor of history at Florida Atlantic University. In 1971, she became the first female faculty member in the FAU history department where she taught for 35 years before retiring in 2006. During her tenure, she served as Department Chair and Director of Graduate Studies. She also pioneered the study of women's history at FAU, helping establish the Women's Studies program, which is now the Center for Women, Gender and Sexuality Studies. Dr. Frazer taught courses in women's history, modern Britain and British Empire, Indian history, and oral history.","John O'Sullivan (1939-2000) was a professor of history at Florida Atlantic University. In 1971, he came to Florida Atlantic University where he served as chair of the History Department (1975-1978) and devoted his entire academic career. Dr. O'Sullivan received numerous research fellowships including the American Philosophical Society, the American Historical Association, and the Sloan Foundation. His areas of specialization were World War II, Vietnam War, Nuclear Age, the Holocaust, Peace History, Oral History and Modern American Political and Diplomatic Affairs.","Materials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. Any subsequent use of a reproduction in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement. When using electronic copies or images, please keep in mind that copyright law applies. It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder. Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact Special Collections. 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FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. Any subsequent use of a reproduction in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement. When using electronic copies or images, please keep in mind that copyright law applies. It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder. Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact Special Collections. See less See less"],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1939-1945","University Archives","University Archives -- Faculty Papers"," Civilian Public Service -- History","World War, 1939-1945 -- Conscientious objectors -- United States","Oral history"],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1939-1945","University Archives","University Archives -- Faculty Papers"," Civilian Public Service -- History","World War, 1939-1945 -- Conscientious objectors -- United States","Oral history"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["67 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["67 boxes"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollections are available for supervised use in the Special Collections reading room during regular hours or by appointment. Users are required to complete a registration form and to comply with regulations governing use. 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In addition, selected materials are digitized and available electronically through the Digital Library. See less"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Frazer-O'Sullivan Collection contains the research for the co- authored book, We Have Just Begun to Not Fight: An Oral History of Conscientious Objectors in the Civilian Public Service During World War II, by Heather Frazer and John O'Sullivan. More than 40,000 American men refused to fight during World War II. Citing principled opposition, they declared themselves conscientious objectors. Rejecting combat duty, nearly 12,000 men entered Civilian Public Service (CPS) with the intent to perform \"work of national importance\" as an alternative to combat duty. The CPS program was set up by members of the historic peace churches (Mennonites, Brethren, and Quakers) and participated in by pacifists from other churches, of no specific religious persuasion, and, in the case of a few, no persuasion except not to fight in that particular war. CPS men worked as aides in mental hospitals, volunteered as smoke jumpers in forest fires, and participated in grueling medical and scientific experiments.  Frazer and O'Sullivan use the oral histories of 15 CPS men and two of their wives to illuminate their experience during World War II. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHeather T. Frazer (1940 \u0026#x2013; 2016) was a professor of history at Florida Atlantic University. In 1971, she became the first female faculty member in the FAU history department where she taught for 35 years before retiring in 2006. During her tenure, she served as Department Chair and Director of Graduate Studies. She also pioneered the study of women's history at FAU, helping establish the Women's Studies program, which is now the Center for Women, Gender and Sexuality Studies. Dr. Frazer taught courses in women's history, modern Britain and British Empire, Indian history, and oral history.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJohn O'Sullivan (1939-2000) was a professor of history at Florida Atlantic University. In 1971, he came to Florida Atlantic University where he served as chair of the History Department (1975-1978) and devoted his entire academic career. Dr. O'Sullivan received numerous research fellowships including the American Philosophical Society, the American Historical Association, and the Sloan Foundation. His areas of specialization were World War II, Vietnam War, Nuclear Age, the Holocaust, Peace History, Oral History and Modern American Political and Diplomatic Affairs.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Frazer-O'Sullivan Collection contains the research for the co- authored book, We Have Just Begun to Not Fight: An Oral History of Conscientious Objectors in the Civilian Public Service During World War II, by Heather Frazer and John O'Sullivan. More than 40,000 American men refused to fight during World War II. Citing principled opposition, they declared themselves conscientious objectors. Rejecting combat duty, nearly 12,000 men entered Civilian Public Service (CPS) with the intent to perform \"work of national importance\" as an alternative to combat duty. The CPS program was set up by members of the historic peace churches (Mennonites, Brethren, and Quakers) and participated in by pacifists from other churches, of no specific religious persuasion, and, in the case of a few, no persuasion except not to fight in that particular war. CPS men worked as aides in mental hospitals, volunteered as smoke jumpers in forest fires, and participated in grueling medical and scientific experiments.  Frazer and O'Sullivan use the oral histories of 15 CPS men and two of their wives to illuminate their experience during World War II. ","Heather T. Frazer (1940 – 2016) was a professor of history at Florida Atlantic University. In 1971, she became the first female faculty member in the FAU history department where she taught for 35 years before retiring in 2006. During her tenure, she served as Department Chair and Director of Graduate Studies. She also pioneered the study of women's history at FAU, helping establish the Women's Studies program, which is now the Center for Women, Gender and Sexuality Studies. Dr. Frazer taught courses in women's history, modern Britain and British Empire, Indian history, and oral history.","John O'Sullivan (1939-2000) was a professor of history at Florida Atlantic University. In 1971, he came to Florida Atlantic University where he served as chair of the History Department (1975-1978) and devoted his entire academic career. Dr. O'Sullivan received numerous research fellowships including the American Philosophical Society, the American Historical Association, and the Sloan Foundation. His areas of specialization were World War II, Vietnam War, Nuclear Age, the Holocaust, Peace History, Oral History and Modern American Political and Diplomatic Affairs."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. Any subsequent use of a reproduction in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement. When using electronic copies or images, please keep in mind that copyright law applies. It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder. Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact Special Collections. See less See less\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. Any subsequent use of a reproduction in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement. When using electronic copies or images, please keep in mind that copyright law applies. It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder. Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact Special Collections. 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She graduated from Dillard High School at just 14 years old and, at 15, entered Fisk University on a Ford Foundation scholarship to study English. Her intellectual journey deepened at Oberlin College, where exposure to courses on the African diaspora inspired her to change her major to Sociology-Anthropology, earning her bachelor's degree in 1957.","Gloria enrolled at Columbia University in New York, where she pursued graduate studies in Anthropology. She earned both her Master's (1959) and Ph.D. degrees in (1964), becoming the first African American woman to teach at Columbia University. Following the completion of her doctorate, Dr. Sudarkasa was appointed assistant professor of anthropology at New York University (1970-1976), again marking a historic first for an African American woman. ","Gloria Albertha Marshall adopted the name Niara Sudarkasa to reflect her evolving identity as a cultural bridge between African Americans and continental Africans. Her name change marked a deepening commitment to diasporic connection and cultural reclamation.\nAt the University of Michigan, Dr. Sudarkasa continued to break barriers, becoming the first African American faculty member in the Department of Anthropology. From 1978 to 1981, she served as Associate Director of the Center for Afro-American and African Studies, advancing scholarship and institutional support for African diaspora research.","In 1986, she became the first female president of Lincoln University in Pennsylvania, a role she held until 1998. Her scholarship increasingly centered on the lives of women in West Africa and the enduring strength of the Black family. Her work in Nigeria earned her recognition from the royal court: in 2001, His Royal Majesty Aláyélúwà Ọba Ọkúnadé Sijuwade Olúbùsẹ II of the Royal Court of Ifẹ́ conferred upon her the chieftaincy title Yèyé Olókun Ìgbàdérò. She was the first African American to receive this honor from the Ifẹ́ Kingdom.","Following her retirement from higher education, Dr. Sudarkasa returned to her hometown of Fort Lauderdale, Florida, where she became the first scholar-in-residence at the newly opened African American Research Library and Cultural Center in 2002.\nDr. Sudarkasa was married to John L. Clark and was the mother of Michael Sudarkasa. She passed away on May 31, 2019, at the age of 80, leaving behind a legacy of scholarship, leadership, and cultural stewardship.","The Niara Sudarkasa Collection received container level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection. ","Parts of the collection have received file level processing. From January 2022 to May 2024, FIU interns, Emmanuel George, and Dominique St. Victor processed \"Series I. Correspondence\" and \"Series III. Professional Papers, Sub-series 1. Writings by Niara Sudarkasa and Sub-series 2. Writings by Others\" as part of the WPHL-FIU Community Data Curation grant.","The Niara Sudarkasa Collection documents the career of anthropologist, Africanist, professor, and university president Dr. Niara Sudarkasa. The collection contains correspondence, scholarly writings, publications, research files, audio visual materials, awards, and business papers dating from 1934 to 2006. The collection also includes Dr. Sudarka's personal library of more than 2,500 books, journals, and pamphlets. The collection highlights Dr. Sudarkasa's professional achievements including becoming the first woman president of Lincoln University in Pennsylvania and first Black faculty member of the Anthropology Department at the University of Michigan. Her papers are a unique resource on Yoruba language and culture, ethnic groups in higher education, and the Black Power Movement in the United States. They also document her work to strengthen international programs at Lincoln and the University of Michigan.","Books from this collection were cataloged in the Broward County Library catalog with the prefix \"SUD\".","AARLCC Special Collections","University of Michigan. Department of Anthropology","Lincoln University (Pa.)","Sudarkasa, Niara","English"],"unitid_tesim":["AARLCC.2006.4","/repositories/2/resources/51"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1934-2006"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006"],"collection_title_tesim":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006"],"collection_ssim":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006"],"repository_ssm":["AARLCC Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections"],"creator_ssm":["Sudarkasa, Niara"],"creator_ssim":["Sudarkasa, Niara"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Sudarkasa, Niara"],"creators_ssim":["Sudarkasa, Niara"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Dr. Niara Sudarkasa donated the materials to the AARLCC Special Collections on October 17, 2006 (Accession AARLCC-2006.4)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Bahamian Americans","Correspondence","Photographs","plaques (flat objects)","Periodicals"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Bahamian Americans","Correspondence","Photographs","plaques (flat objects)","Periodicals"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["400 Hollinger Boxes","410 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["400 Hollinger Boxes","410 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Photographs","plaques (flat objects)","Periodicals"],"date_range_isim":[1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Niara Sudarkasa Collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The Niara Sudarkasa Collection is open for research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://digitalarchives.broward.org/digital/collection/nsb\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eView a selection of digitized materials from the Niara Sudarkasa Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Digitized Materials"],"altformavail_tesim":["View a selection of digitized materials from the Niara Sudarkasa Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNiara Sudarkasa, born Gloria Albertha Marshall to a Bahamian immigrant family on August 14, 1938, in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, demonstrated exceptional academic promise from an early age. She graduated from Dillard High School at just 14 years old and, at 15, entered Fisk University on a Ford Foundation scholarship to study English. Her intellectual journey deepened at Oberlin College, where exposure to courses on the African diaspora inspired her to change her major to Sociology-Anthropology, earning her bachelor's degree in 1957.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGloria enrolled at Columbia University in New York, where she pursued graduate studies in Anthropology. She earned both her Master's (1959) and Ph.D. degrees in (1964), becoming the first African American woman to teach at Columbia University. Following the completion of her doctorate, Dr. Sudarkasa was appointed assistant professor of anthropology at New York University (1970-1976), again marking a historic first for an African American woman. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGloria Albertha Marshall adopted the name Niara Sudarkasa to reflect her evolving identity as a cultural bridge between African Americans and continental Africans. Her name change marked a deepening commitment to diasporic connection and cultural reclamation.\nAt the University of Michigan, Dr. Sudarkasa continued to break barriers, becoming the first African American faculty member in the Department of Anthropology. From 1978 to 1981, she served as Associate Director of the Center for Afro-American and African Studies, advancing scholarship and institutional support for African diaspora research.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1986, she became the first female president of Lincoln University in Pennsylvania, a role she held until 1998. Her scholarship increasingly centered on the lives of women in West Africa and the enduring strength of the Black family. Her work in Nigeria earned her recognition from the royal court: in 2001, His Royal Majesty Al\u0026#xE1;y\u0026#xE9;l\u0026#xFA;w\u0026#xE0; \u0026#x1ECC;ba \u0026#x1ECC;k\u0026#xFA;nad\u0026#xE9; Sijuwade Ol\u0026#xFA;b\u0026#xF9;s\u0026#x1EB9; II of the Royal Court of If\u0026#x1EB9;\u0026#x301; conferred upon her the chieftaincy title Y\u0026#xE8;y\u0026#xE9; Ol\u0026#xF3;kun \u0026#xCC;gb\u0026#xE0;d\u0026#xE9;r\u0026#xF2;. She was the first African American to receive this honor from the If\u0026#x1EB9;\u0026#x301; Kingdom.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFollowing her retirement from higher education, Dr. Sudarkasa returned to her hometown of Fort Lauderdale, Florida, where she became the first scholar-in-residence at the newly opened African American Research Library and Cultural Center in 2002.\nDr. Sudarkasa was married to John L. Clark and was the mother of Michael Sudarkasa. She passed away on May 31, 2019, at the age of 80, leaving behind a legacy of scholarship, leadership, and cultural stewardship.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Niara Sudarkasa, born Gloria Albertha Marshall to a Bahamian immigrant family on August 14, 1938, in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, demonstrated exceptional academic promise from an early age. She graduated from Dillard High School at just 14 years old and, at 15, entered Fisk University on a Ford Foundation scholarship to study English. Her intellectual journey deepened at Oberlin College, where exposure to courses on the African diaspora inspired her to change her major to Sociology-Anthropology, earning her bachelor's degree in 1957.","Gloria enrolled at Columbia University in New York, where she pursued graduate studies in Anthropology. She earned both her Master's (1959) and Ph.D. degrees in (1964), becoming the first African American woman to teach at Columbia University. Following the completion of her doctorate, Dr. Sudarkasa was appointed assistant professor of anthropology at New York University (1970-1976), again marking a historic first for an African American woman. ","Gloria Albertha Marshall adopted the name Niara Sudarkasa to reflect her evolving identity as a cultural bridge between African Americans and continental Africans. Her name change marked a deepening commitment to diasporic connection and cultural reclamation.\nAt the University of Michigan, Dr. Sudarkasa continued to break barriers, becoming the first African American faculty member in the Department of Anthropology. From 1978 to 1981, she served as Associate Director of the Center for Afro-American and African Studies, advancing scholarship and institutional support for African diaspora research.","In 1986, she became the first female president of Lincoln University in Pennsylvania, a role she held until 1998. Her scholarship increasingly centered on the lives of women in West Africa and the enduring strength of the Black family. Her work in Nigeria earned her recognition from the royal court: in 2001, His Royal Majesty Aláyélúwà Ọba Ọkúnadé Sijuwade Olúbùsẹ II of the Royal Court of Ifẹ́ conferred upon her the chieftaincy title Yèyé Olókun Ìgbàdérò. She was the first African American to receive this honor from the Ifẹ́ Kingdom.","Following her retirement from higher education, Dr. Sudarkasa returned to her hometown of Fort Lauderdale, Florida, where she became the first scholar-in-residence at the newly opened African American Research Library and Cultural Center in 2002.\nDr. Sudarkasa was married to John L. Clark and was the mother of Michael Sudarkasa. She passed away on May 31, 2019, at the age of 80, leaving behind a legacy of scholarship, leadership, and cultural stewardship."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNiara Sudarkasa Collection, African American Research Library and Cultural Center Special Collections, Broward County Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection, African American Research Library and Cultural Center Special Collections, Broward County Library."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Niara Sudarkasa Collection received container level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParts of the collection have received file level processing. From January 2022 to May 2024, FIU interns, Emmanuel George, and Dominique St. Victor processed \"Series I. Correspondence\" and \"Series III. Professional Papers, Sub-series 1. Writings by Niara Sudarkasa and Sub-series 2. Writings by Others\" as part of the WPHL-FIU Community Data Curation grant.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The Niara Sudarkasa Collection received container level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection. ","Parts of the collection have received file level processing. From January 2022 to May 2024, FIU interns, Emmanuel George, and Dominique St. Victor processed \"Series I. Correspondence\" and \"Series III. Professional Papers, Sub-series 1. Writings by Niara Sudarkasa and Sub-series 2. Writings by Others\" as part of the WPHL-FIU Community Data Curation grant."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Niara Sudarkasa Collection documents the career of anthropologist, Africanist, professor, and university president Dr. Niara Sudarkasa. The collection contains correspondence, scholarly writings, publications, research files, audio visual materials, awards, and business papers dating from 1934 to 2006. The collection also includes Dr. Sudarka's personal library of more than 2,500 books, journals, and pamphlets. The collection highlights Dr. Sudarkasa's professional achievements including becoming the first woman president of Lincoln University in Pennsylvania and first Black faculty member of the Anthropology Department at the University of Michigan. Her papers are a unique resource on Yoruba language and culture, ethnic groups in higher education, and the Black Power Movement in the United States. They also document her work to strengthen international programs at Lincoln and the University of Michigan.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Niara Sudarkasa Collection documents the career of anthropologist, Africanist, professor, and university president Dr. Niara Sudarkasa. The collection contains correspondence, scholarly writings, publications, research files, audio visual materials, awards, and business papers dating from 1934 to 2006. The collection also includes Dr. Sudarka's personal library of more than 2,500 books, journals, and pamphlets. The collection highlights Dr. Sudarkasa's professional achievements including becoming the first woman president of Lincoln University in Pennsylvania and first Black faculty member of the Anthropology Department at the University of Michigan. Her papers are a unique resource on Yoruba language and culture, ethnic groups in higher education, and the Black Power Movement in the United States. They also document her work to strengthen international programs at Lincoln and the University of Michigan."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://broward.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/results?qu=SUD\u0026amp;qf=LOCATION%09Shelf+Location%091%3AAF-SPC%09AARLCC+Special+Collections\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBooks from this collection were cataloged in the Broward County Library catalog with the prefix \"SUD\".\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Access the Books"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Books from this collection were cataloged in the Broward County Library catalog with the prefix \"SUD\"."],"names_coll_ssim":["University of Michigan. Department of Anthropology","Lincoln University (Pa.)"],"names_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections","University of Michigan. Department of Anthropology","Lincoln University (Pa.)","Sudarkasa, Niara"],"corpname_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections","University of Michigan. Department of Anthropology","Lincoln University (Pa.)"],"persname_ssim":["Sudarkasa, Niara"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":2760,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62","timestamp":"2026-04-21T02:08:51.248Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62_aspace_f39313fd1cfbe9fb5f3f3a67c2f934e7"}},{"id":"f98896827f16d52b3168e472_aspace_ee9d5688a3a0e4f632c436314204b67b","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"Title Deeds, 1886–1983","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/f98896827f16d52b3168e472_aspace_ee9d5688a3a0e4f632c436314204b67b#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_ee9d5688a3a0e4f632c436314204b67b","ref_ssm":["aspace_ee9d5688a3a0e4f632c436314204b67b","aspace_ee9d5688a3a0e4f632c436314204b67b"],"id":"f98896827f16d52b3168e472_aspace_ee9d5688a3a0e4f632c436314204b67b","title_filing_ssi":"Title Deeds","title_ssm":["Title Deeds"],"title_tesim":["Title Deeds"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1886–1983"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1886–1983"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Title Deeds, 1886–1983"],"text":["Title Deeds, 1886–1983","Children's Home Society of Florida collection, 1862-2019, bulk 1902-1997","State Organizational Files, 1886-2000","Finance, 1886–1983","/repositories/4/archival_objects/68928"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["f98896827f16d52b3168e472","f98896827f16d52b3168e472_aspace_fe3154f62b64b6ce0e601b03fcc072df","f98896827f16d52b3168e472_aspace_cd77814ee9471305c49d9b10ba8d5d5e"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Children's Home Society of Florida collection, 1862-2019, bulk 1902-1997","State Organizational Files, 1886-2000","Finance, 1886–1983"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Children's Home Society of Florida collection, 1862-2019, bulk 1902-1997","State Organizational Files, 1886-2000","Finance, 1886–1983"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Subseries"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/4/archival_objects/68928"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Children's Home Society of Florida collection, 1862-2019, bulk 1902-1997"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":2,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":388,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The entire collection is open for research.","Photographs and Audio Visual, 1902-1997 (Series IV) and Additional Materials, 1862-2019 (Series VI) contain fragile AV material. No access copies are currently available. For further information, please contact Special Collections \u0026 University Archives."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"date_range_isim":[1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#24/components#11","_nest_parent_":"f98896827f16d52b3168e472_aspace_cd77814ee9471305c49d9b10ba8d5d5e","_root_":"f98896827f16d52b3168e472","_version_":1870857973089173504,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:06:38.475Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"f98896827f16d52b3168e472","title_ssm":["Children's Home Society of Florida collection"],"title_tesim":["Children's Home Society of Florida collection"],"ead_ssi":"f98896827f16d52b3168e472","unitdate_ssm":["1862-2019","1902-1997"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1902-1997"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1862-2019"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 054","/repositories/4/resources/294"],"text":["SC 054","/repositories/4/resources/294","Children's Home Society of Florida collection, 1862-2019, bulk 1902-1997","Abandoned Children","Adoption -- Florida","Adoption -- United States -- History","Child welfare -- Florida","Foster children -- United States -- History","Nonprofit organizations -- Finance","Nonprofit organizations -- Management","Nonprofit organizations -- Planning","Poverty","Orphanages -- Florida","The entire collection is open for research.","Photographs and Audio Visual, 1902-1997 (Series IV) and Additional Materials, 1862-2019 (Series VI) contain fragile AV material. No access copies are currently available. For further information, please contact Special Collections \u0026 University Archives.","The Children's Home Society of Florida Collection is arranged into 5 series by types of content as well as by types of materials. The first three series feature personal and office files which show the birth and growth of the organization, sorted at the state and local division levels. The last two series holds audio visual and photographic ephemera as well as scrapbooks created by workers at the society.","To be an orphan in Florida at the turn of the twentieth century was a dangerous prospect. Children were being orphaned due to farm and industrial accidents and numerous poor families had to give up children they could no longer afford. Many children were abused and there were few laws that protected children's rights. Homeless children had little place to go where they could be safe, properly cared for, and loved.","\nIn response to this increasing crisis, the National Children's Home Society was formed in Illinois in 1883 to help place children who had been orphaned in farming and industrial accidents, spreading to several other states over the next decade. The Revered D. W. Comstock came to Jacksonville, Florida in 1902 as a representative of the National Children's Home Society to help organize the state's first child welfare society. On November 17, 1902, with the help of Rev. D. W. Comstock and Jacksonville's city and religious leaders, The Children's Home Society of Florida (CHSFL) was established. The welfare of the child was the society's primary focus, making sure that if the family could not be preserved that the child was placed in a happy and healthy home.","\nThe CHSFL was developed as a non-profit organization, relying solely on donations from the community. Fund-raising efforts began as administrative duties were carried out in private homes around the city. The children were also were being cared for in private residences as there was not yet a home secured for the society to board its charges. The CHSFL committed itself to not only children but to babies who were not accepted until the age of three at state orphanages (Mahoney, 5). Money was tight for the society and within the first few years, the CHSFL found itself in deep debt. By September of 1910, the CHSFL was facing the possibility of ending operations when a new state superintendent for the society entered its doors. Marcus C. Fagg was just 24 when he took control of the CHSFL but within a few short months, he had already obtained funding to start his first appeals drive. Many in the society to this day believe that it was Marcus C. Fagg who saved the CHSFL from closing its doors and built it to the standards that society members and workers adhere to today. Fagg's compassion towards children also did not go unnoticed; from his early years with the CHSFL, many children he helped referred to him as \"Daddy\" Fagg as a token of their appreciation for finding them loving homes.","\nMarcus Fagg brought innovative solutions to a dire financial situation. Using land donated or sold at cost to the society, Fagg either rented or sold land at higher costs to turn a profit. Fagg also helped poor families by renting them homes at drastically reduced rental costs with an option to later buy the homes. Marcus Fagg helped dozens of poor families regain their footing while also helping the CHSFL emerge from a deep hole of financial debt.","\nThough Marcus Fagg began to save the society financially, the society still fell on hard times. The country became entangled in the agony of the Great Depression in the 1930s and the CHSFL suffered with the rest of the nation. The Miami receiving home was lost due to a lack of finances but was thankfully picked up and operated by the Junior League until 1936 when CHSFL was able to once again run the home. Marcus Fagg also made history in 1932 by becoming the first chairman of the new Florida State Welfare Board. Through the 1940s and 1950s, CHSFL was instrumental in securing rights and welfare laws for children nationwide. CHSFL was one of the founding members of the Child Welfare League of America and was one of the only societies in the country to handle state adoptions without the aid of a state agency. The society also saw rapid growth, thanks in part to the massive fund-raising performed by Marcus Fagg; several new division offices opened throughout the state, many of whom offered special services for children. CHSFL also began offering services to unwed mothers, further committing themselves to the family rather than just simply finding homes for children.","\nOne of the saddest moments for the CHSFL was the loss of their mentor and leader, Marcus C. \"Daddy\" Fagg in 1958. After Fagg's passing, newspapers throughout Florida ran headlines announcing the loss of a great state hero. Buried in a simple grave in Jacksonville, Florida, Fagg's life and legacy still serves as a reminder to the CHSFL of their continued effort to help abused and orphaned children in the state of Florida.","\nSegregation and integration played an important role for CHSFL in the 1960s as the society began caring for and adopting out African-American children from their receiving homes. Historically, the society took in mostly white children. As the Civil Rights movement grew in the 1960's, the society re-examined the scope of its adoption policies and began taking in and offering adoption services for the African-American community. This was a significant development both for the society and for the Civil Rights movement; African-American children were being given the same adoption services as white children at a time when the issue of race was dominant in society and politics. As the country rapidly changed, so did the society, offering for the first time services in schools for handicapped, delinquent, and abused children as well children living in racially mixed households. These services would grow and define the society through to the end of the 1990s.","\nJust three years into the new millennium and the society's second century of service, the CHSFL moved its headquarters from its birthplace in Jacksonville to more centrally located offices in Winter Park, Florida. Now over one hundred years old, the CHSFL offers fourteen divisions that serve the entire state of Florida.","Collection processed by Ari Karlene Anderson; finding aid prepared by April Karlene Anderson and Katie Seeler. All paper materials have been placed in acid free folders and stored in archival containers. Some larger paper materials, such as maps and large photographs were also placed in acid free folders but are stored in archival flat files. Paper clips have been removed and replaced with plastic clips. In some cases, rusty staples have also been removed. Post-it notes have been moved to the edges of papers and copies have been made of more fragile materials such as news clippings. Photo blocks have been placed in archival trays, stored in separate bins to prevent them from scraping against one another. Any audio or visual media in cases were kept in their containers but placed collectively in archival boxes. Loose pages and items in the scrapbooks have been secured either with plastic clips or placed in archival folders and the entire book has been wrapped in acid free archival paper. Additional materials processed and integrated into the main collection by Suphi Burak Ogreten. Collection rehoused and container list revised by Asmara Cortes-Caba in 2023.","Blount Family papers , University of West Florida University Archives and West Florida History Center, Pensacola, Florida. ","Adoption Records: This collection does not contain any records on adopted individuals or families from the Children's Home Society of Florida. However, the society does have the CHS Adoptions Archive Unit which is dedicated to the preservation and research of these records. They can be found at  http://www.chsfl.org .","Books:","Georgia Gertrude Ralph,  Elements of Record Keeping for Child-Helping Organizations , (New York: The De Vinne Press, 1915.)","Lawrence Mahoney,  Children and hope : a history of the Children's Home Society of Florida , (Miami: Pickering Press, 1987).","Other Locations:","Pensacola Historical Society's Historical Resource Center, 110 East Church Street, Pensacola, Florida 32502. Phone: (850) 434-5455 Website:  http://www.pensacolahistory.org  (Western Division).","Florida Department of State, State Archives of Florida, R. A. Gray Building 500 South Bronough Street Tallahassee, FL 32399-0250. Website:  https://dos.myflorida.com/library-archives/archives .","The Children's Home Society of Florida Collection contains personal and organizational papers, photographs, audio and visual materials, as well as ledgers and scrapbooks. The collection is arranged by both content and materials types and have been organized into the following series:","\nSeries I: Biographical Files, 1900-1991, contains the files of individuals who were instrumental in the creation and/or the operations of the Children's Home Society of Florida. Correspondence makes up the majority of this series as it show the creation of the society (Comstock, Harkins, Seaton), its resurrection (Fagg), and its continued operations.","\nSeries II: State Organizational Files, 1886-2000, includes files that were used in the operations of the society as a whole. Financial documents, correspondence, reports, as well as the meeting minutes of the various committees that ran the society can be found in this series.","\nSeries III: Division Files, 1921-circa 1995, consists of files for local divisions located throughout the state. Some divisions are no longer in operation, having been closed completely or absorbed into another division. These older divisions can be found here in their original name. Meeting minutes for each division are also located here.","\nSeries IV: Photographs and Audio Visual, 1902-1997, holds both audio and visual media used by the Children's Home Society of Florida in promoting their society as well as raising funds.","\nSeries V: Ledger and Scrapbooks, 1902-1978, includes miscellaneous ledger and scrapbooks created by the Children's Home Society of Florida. The ledger books vary in format but are generally are either inventory or accounting in nature. The scrapbooks are made up of five volumes, all created by workers at the Children's Home Society of Florida. News clippings make up the majority of the scrapbooks contents but some do contain publications made by the Children's Home Society of Florida. There are also four Rose Keller Home scrapbooks made by workers at the Rose Keller Division in Lakeland, Florida. The Rose Keller Home scrapbooks give a brief history of the division as well as chronicle events at the home.","\nSeries VI: Additional Materials, 1862-2012, holds additional materials received from the Children's Home Society of Florida including organizational files, ephemera, photographs and audio/visual materials.","Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","The Children's Home Society of Florida Collection contains organizational papers and ephemera that document the creation and operations of Florida's oldest non-profit adoption agency. The collection includes organizational papers from its state and local divisions, photographs, news clippings, audio and visual media, scrapbooks, and blueprints of the many receiving homes in the state, but does not contain adoption records. Adoption records remain at the CHSFL Adoption Archive and are available by contacting the society directly.","UCF Special Collections","Children's Home Society of Florida","Florida. Department of Children and Families","Child Welfare League of America","Florida. State Board of Public Welfare","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 054","/repositories/4/resources/294"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1862-2019, bulk 1902-1997"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Children's Home Society of Florida collection, 1862-2019, bulk 1902-1997"],"collection_title_tesim":["Children's Home Society of Florida collection, 1862-2019, bulk 1902-1997"],"collection_ssim":["Children's Home Society of Florida collection, 1862-2019, bulk 1902-1997"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"creator_ssm":["Children's Home Society of Florida"],"creator_ssim":["Children's Home Society of Florida"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Children's Home Society of Florida"],"creators_ssim":["Children's Home Society of Florida"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Children's Home Society of Florida donated these materials to the University of Central Florida Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives Department in 2004 (CFM2004_04). Additional matterials were added in 2015 (CFM2015_06), 2016 (CFM2016_03), 2017 (CFM2017_05), 2020 (CFM2020_11), and 2021 (CFM2021_06)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Abandoned Children","Adoption -- Florida","Adoption -- United States -- History","Child welfare -- Florida","Foster children -- United States -- History","Nonprofit organizations -- Finance","Nonprofit organizations -- Management","Nonprofit organizations -- Planning","Poverty","Orphanages -- Florida"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Abandoned Children","Adoption -- Florida","Adoption -- United States -- History","Child welfare -- Florida","Foster children -- United States -- History","Nonprofit organizations -- Finance","Nonprofit organizations -- Management","Nonprofit organizations -- Planning","Poverty","Orphanages -- Florida"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["102.75 Linear Feet 117 boxes, 5 scrapbooks, 13 flat files"],"extent_tesim":["102.75 Linear Feet 117 boxes, 5 scrapbooks, 13 flat files"],"date_range_isim":[1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs and Audio Visual, 1902-1997 (Series IV) and Additional Materials, 1862-2019 (Series VI) contain fragile AV material. No access copies are currently available. For further information, please contact Special Collections \u0026amp; University Archives.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research.","Photographs and Audio Visual, 1902-1997 (Series IV) and Additional Materials, 1862-2019 (Series VI) contain fragile AV material. No access copies are currently available. For further information, please contact Special Collections \u0026 University Archives."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Children's Home Society of Florida Collection is arranged into 5 series by types of content as well as by types of materials. The first three series feature personal and office files which show the birth and growth of the organization, sorted at the state and local division levels. The last two series holds audio visual and photographic ephemera as well as scrapbooks created by workers at the society.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Children's Home Society of Florida Collection is arranged into 5 series by types of content as well as by types of materials. The first three series feature personal and office files which show the birth and growth of the organization, sorted at the state and local division levels. The last two series holds audio visual and photographic ephemera as well as scrapbooks created by workers at the society."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTo be an orphan in Florida at the turn of the twentieth century was a dangerous prospect. Children were being orphaned due to farm and industrial accidents and numerous poor families had to give up children they could no longer afford. Many children were abused and there were few laws that protected children's rights. Homeless children had little place to go where they could be safe, properly cared for, and loved.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nIn response to this increasing crisis, the National Children's Home Society was formed in Illinois in 1883 to help place children who had been orphaned in farming and industrial accidents, spreading to several other states over the next decade. The Revered D. W. Comstock came to Jacksonville, Florida in 1902 as a representative of the National Children's Home Society to help organize the state's first child welfare society. On November 17, 1902, with the help of Rev. D. W. Comstock and Jacksonville's city and religious leaders, The Children's Home Society of Florida (CHSFL) was established. The welfare of the child was the society's primary focus, making sure that if the family could not be preserved that the child was placed in a happy and healthy home.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThe CHSFL was developed as a non-profit organization, relying solely on donations from the community. Fund-raising efforts began as administrative duties were carried out in private homes around the city. The children were also were being cared for in private residences as there was not yet a home secured for the society to board its charges. The CHSFL committed itself to not only children but to babies who were not accepted until the age of three at state orphanages (Mahoney, 5). Money was tight for the society and within the first few years, the CHSFL found itself in deep debt. By September of 1910, the CHSFL was facing the possibility of ending operations when a new state superintendent for the society entered its doors. Marcus C. Fagg was just 24 when he took control of the CHSFL but within a few short months, he had already obtained funding to start his first appeals drive. Many in the society to this day believe that it was Marcus C. Fagg who saved the CHSFL from closing its doors and built it to the standards that society members and workers adhere to today. Fagg's compassion towards children also did not go unnoticed; from his early years with the CHSFL, many children he helped referred to him as \"Daddy\" Fagg as a token of their appreciation for finding them loving homes.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nMarcus Fagg brought innovative solutions to a dire financial situation. Using land donated or sold at cost to the society, Fagg either rented or sold land at higher costs to turn a profit. Fagg also helped poor families by renting them homes at drastically reduced rental costs with an option to later buy the homes. Marcus Fagg helped dozens of poor families regain their footing while also helping the CHSFL emerge from a deep hole of financial debt.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThough Marcus Fagg began to save the society financially, the society still fell on hard times. The country became entangled in the agony of the Great Depression in the 1930s and the CHSFL suffered with the rest of the nation. The Miami receiving home was lost due to a lack of finances but was thankfully picked up and operated by the Junior League until 1936 when CHSFL was able to once again run the home. Marcus Fagg also made history in 1932 by becoming the first chairman of the new Florida State Welfare Board. Through the 1940s and 1950s, CHSFL was instrumental in securing rights and welfare laws for children nationwide. CHSFL was one of the founding members of the Child Welfare League of America and was one of the only societies in the country to handle state adoptions without the aid of a state agency. The society also saw rapid growth, thanks in part to the massive fund-raising performed by Marcus Fagg; several new division offices opened throughout the state, many of whom offered special services for children. CHSFL also began offering services to unwed mothers, further committing themselves to the family rather than just simply finding homes for children.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nOne of the saddest moments for the CHSFL was the loss of their mentor and leader, Marcus C. \"Daddy\" Fagg in 1958. After Fagg's passing, newspapers throughout Florida ran headlines announcing the loss of a great state hero. Buried in a simple grave in Jacksonville, Florida, Fagg's life and legacy still serves as a reminder to the CHSFL of their continued effort to help abused and orphaned children in the state of Florida.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSegregation and integration played an important role for CHSFL in the 1960s as the society began caring for and adopting out African-American children from their receiving homes. Historically, the society took in mostly white children. As the Civil Rights movement grew in the 1960's, the society re-examined the scope of its adoption policies and began taking in and offering adoption services for the African-American community. This was a significant development both for the society and for the Civil Rights movement; African-American children were being given the same adoption services as white children at a time when the issue of race was dominant in society and politics. As the country rapidly changed, so did the society, offering for the first time services in schools for handicapped, delinquent, and abused children as well children living in racially mixed households. These services would grow and define the society through to the end of the 1990s.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nJust three years into the new millennium and the society's second century of service, the CHSFL moved its headquarters from its birthplace in Jacksonville to more centrally located offices in Winter Park, Florida. Now over one hundred years old, the CHSFL offers fourteen divisions that serve the entire state of Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["To be an orphan in Florida at the turn of the twentieth century was a dangerous prospect. Children were being orphaned due to farm and industrial accidents and numerous poor families had to give up children they could no longer afford. Many children were abused and there were few laws that protected children's rights. Homeless children had little place to go where they could be safe, properly cared for, and loved.","\nIn response to this increasing crisis, the National Children's Home Society was formed in Illinois in 1883 to help place children who had been orphaned in farming and industrial accidents, spreading to several other states over the next decade. The Revered D. W. Comstock came to Jacksonville, Florida in 1902 as a representative of the National Children's Home Society to help organize the state's first child welfare society. On November 17, 1902, with the help of Rev. D. W. Comstock and Jacksonville's city and religious leaders, The Children's Home Society of Florida (CHSFL) was established. The welfare of the child was the society's primary focus, making sure that if the family could not be preserved that the child was placed in a happy and healthy home.","\nThe CHSFL was developed as a non-profit organization, relying solely on donations from the community. Fund-raising efforts began as administrative duties were carried out in private homes around the city. The children were also were being cared for in private residences as there was not yet a home secured for the society to board its charges. The CHSFL committed itself to not only children but to babies who were not accepted until the age of three at state orphanages (Mahoney, 5). Money was tight for the society and within the first few years, the CHSFL found itself in deep debt. By September of 1910, the CHSFL was facing the possibility of ending operations when a new state superintendent for the society entered its doors. Marcus C. Fagg was just 24 when he took control of the CHSFL but within a few short months, he had already obtained funding to start his first appeals drive. Many in the society to this day believe that it was Marcus C. Fagg who saved the CHSFL from closing its doors and built it to the standards that society members and workers adhere to today. Fagg's compassion towards children also did not go unnoticed; from his early years with the CHSFL, many children he helped referred to him as \"Daddy\" Fagg as a token of their appreciation for finding them loving homes.","\nMarcus Fagg brought innovative solutions to a dire financial situation. Using land donated or sold at cost to the society, Fagg either rented or sold land at higher costs to turn a profit. Fagg also helped poor families by renting them homes at drastically reduced rental costs with an option to later buy the homes. Marcus Fagg helped dozens of poor families regain their footing while also helping the CHSFL emerge from a deep hole of financial debt.","\nThough Marcus Fagg began to save the society financially, the society still fell on hard times. The country became entangled in the agony of the Great Depression in the 1930s and the CHSFL suffered with the rest of the nation. The Miami receiving home was lost due to a lack of finances but was thankfully picked up and operated by the Junior League until 1936 when CHSFL was able to once again run the home. Marcus Fagg also made history in 1932 by becoming the first chairman of the new Florida State Welfare Board. Through the 1940s and 1950s, CHSFL was instrumental in securing rights and welfare laws for children nationwide. CHSFL was one of the founding members of the Child Welfare League of America and was one of the only societies in the country to handle state adoptions without the aid of a state agency. The society also saw rapid growth, thanks in part to the massive fund-raising performed by Marcus Fagg; several new division offices opened throughout the state, many of whom offered special services for children. CHSFL also began offering services to unwed mothers, further committing themselves to the family rather than just simply finding homes for children.","\nOne of the saddest moments for the CHSFL was the loss of their mentor and leader, Marcus C. \"Daddy\" Fagg in 1958. After Fagg's passing, newspapers throughout Florida ran headlines announcing the loss of a great state hero. Buried in a simple grave in Jacksonville, Florida, Fagg's life and legacy still serves as a reminder to the CHSFL of their continued effort to help abused and orphaned children in the state of Florida.","\nSegregation and integration played an important role for CHSFL in the 1960s as the society began caring for and adopting out African-American children from their receiving homes. Historically, the society took in mostly white children. As the Civil Rights movement grew in the 1960's, the society re-examined the scope of its adoption policies and began taking in and offering adoption services for the African-American community. This was a significant development both for the society and for the Civil Rights movement; African-American children were being given the same adoption services as white children at a time when the issue of race was dominant in society and politics. As the country rapidly changed, so did the society, offering for the first time services in schools for handicapped, delinquent, and abused children as well children living in racially mixed households. These services would grow and define the society through to the end of the 1990s.","\nJust three years into the new millennium and the society's second century of service, the CHSFL moved its headquarters from its birthplace in Jacksonville to more centrally located offices in Winter Park, Florida. Now over one hundred years old, the CHSFL offers fourteen divisions that serve the entire state of Florida."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Children's Home Society of Florida Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["The Children's Home Society of Florida Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection processed by Ari Karlene Anderson; finding aid prepared by April Karlene Anderson and Katie Seeler. All paper materials have been placed in acid free folders and stored in archival containers. Some larger paper materials, such as maps and large photographs were also placed in acid free folders but are stored in archival flat files. Paper clips have been removed and replaced with plastic clips. In some cases, rusty staples have also been removed. Post-it notes have been moved to the edges of papers and copies have been made of more fragile materials such as news clippings. Photo blocks have been placed in archival trays, stored in separate bins to prevent them from scraping against one another. Any audio or visual media in cases were kept in their containers but placed collectively in archival boxes. Loose pages and items in the scrapbooks have been secured either with plastic clips or placed in archival folders and the entire book has been wrapped in acid free archival paper. Additional materials processed and integrated into the main collection by Suphi Burak Ogreten. Collection rehoused and container list revised by Asmara Cortes-Caba in 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Collection processed by Ari Karlene Anderson; finding aid prepared by April Karlene Anderson and Katie Seeler. All paper materials have been placed in acid free folders and stored in archival containers. Some larger paper materials, such as maps and large photographs were also placed in acid free folders but are stored in archival flat files. Paper clips have been removed and replaced with plastic clips. In some cases, rusty staples have also been removed. Post-it notes have been moved to the edges of papers and copies have been made of more fragile materials such as news clippings. Photo blocks have been placed in archival trays, stored in separate bins to prevent them from scraping against one another. Any audio or visual media in cases were kept in their containers but placed collectively in archival boxes. Loose pages and items in the scrapbooks have been secured either with plastic clips or placed in archival folders and the entire book has been wrapped in acid free archival paper. Additional materials processed and integrated into the main collection by Suphi Burak Ogreten. Collection rehoused and container list revised by Asmara Cortes-Caba in 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref href=\"https://uwf.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/350\"\u003eBlount Family papers\u003c/extref\u003e, University of West Florida University Archives and West Florida History Center, Pensacola, Florida. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAdoption Records: This collection does not contain any records on adopted individuals or families from the Children's Home Society of Florida. However, the society does have the CHS Adoptions Archive Unit which is dedicated to the preservation and research of these records. They can be found at \u003cextref href=\"http://www.chsfl.org\"\u003ehttp://www.chsfl.org\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBooks:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorgia Gertrude Ralph, \u003cextref href=\"https://ucf-flvc.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01FALSC_UCF/6a1ouu/alma990260914050306596\"\u003eElements of Record Keeping for Child-Helping Organizations\u003c/extref\u003e, (New York: The De Vinne Press, 1915.)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLawrence Mahoney, \u003cextref href=\"https://ucf-flvc.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01FALSC_UCF/6a1ouu/alma990211238530306596\"\u003eChildren and hope : a history of the Children's Home Society of Florida\u003c/extref\u003e, (Miami: Pickering Press, 1987).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOther Locations:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePensacola Historical Society's Historical Resource Center, 110 East Church Street, Pensacola, Florida 32502. Phone: (850) 434-5455 Website: \u003cextref href=\"http://www.pensacolahistory.org\"\u003ehttp://www.pensacolahistory.org\u003c/extref\u003e (Western Division).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFlorida Department of State, State Archives of Florida, R. A. Gray Building 500 South Bronough Street Tallahassee, FL 32399-0250. Website: \u003cextref href=\"https://dos.myflorida.com/library-archives/archives\"\u003ehttps://dos.myflorida.com/library-archives/archives\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Blount Family papers , University of West Florida University Archives and West Florida History Center, Pensacola, Florida. ","Adoption Records: This collection does not contain any records on adopted individuals or families from the Children's Home Society of Florida. However, the society does have the CHS Adoptions Archive Unit which is dedicated to the preservation and research of these records. They can be found at  http://www.chsfl.org .","Books:","Georgia Gertrude Ralph,  Elements of Record Keeping for Child-Helping Organizations , (New York: The De Vinne Press, 1915.)","Lawrence Mahoney,  Children and hope : a history of the Children's Home Society of Florida , (Miami: Pickering Press, 1987).","Other Locations:","Pensacola Historical Society's Historical Resource Center, 110 East Church Street, Pensacola, Florida 32502. Phone: (850) 434-5455 Website:  http://www.pensacolahistory.org  (Western Division).","Florida Department of State, State Archives of Florida, R. A. Gray Building 500 South Bronough Street Tallahassee, FL 32399-0250. Website:  https://dos.myflorida.com/library-archives/archives ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Children's Home Society of Florida Collection contains personal and organizational papers, photographs, audio and visual materials, as well as ledgers and scrapbooks. The collection is arranged by both content and materials types and have been organized into the following series:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries I: Biographical Files, 1900-1991, contains the files of individuals who were instrumental in the creation and/or the operations of the Children's Home Society of Florida. Correspondence makes up the majority of this series as it show the creation of the society (Comstock, Harkins, Seaton), its resurrection (Fagg), and its continued operations.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries II: State Organizational Files, 1886-2000, includes files that were used in the operations of the society as a whole. Financial documents, correspondence, reports, as well as the meeting minutes of the various committees that ran the society can be found in this series.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries III: Division Files, 1921-circa 1995, consists of files for local divisions located throughout the state. Some divisions are no longer in operation, having been closed completely or absorbed into another division. These older divisions can be found here in their original name. Meeting minutes for each division are also located here.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries IV: Photographs and Audio Visual, 1902-1997, holds both audio and visual media used by the Children's Home Society of Florida in promoting their society as well as raising funds.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries V: Ledger and Scrapbooks, 1902-1978, includes miscellaneous ledger and scrapbooks created by the Children's Home Society of Florida. The ledger books vary in format but are generally are either inventory or accounting in nature. The scrapbooks are made up of five volumes, all created by workers at the Children's Home Society of Florida. News clippings make up the majority of the scrapbooks contents but some do contain publications made by the Children's Home Society of Florida. There are also four Rose Keller Home scrapbooks made by workers at the Rose Keller Division in Lakeland, Florida. The Rose Keller Home scrapbooks give a brief history of the division as well as chronicle events at the home.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VI: Additional Materials, 1862-2012, holds additional materials received from the Children's Home Society of Florida including organizational files, ephemera, photographs and audio/visual materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Children's Home Society of Florida Collection contains personal and organizational papers, photographs, audio and visual materials, as well as ledgers and scrapbooks. The collection is arranged by both content and materials types and have been organized into the following series:","\nSeries I: Biographical Files, 1900-1991, contains the files of individuals who were instrumental in the creation and/or the operations of the Children's Home Society of Florida. Correspondence makes up the majority of this series as it show the creation of the society (Comstock, Harkins, Seaton), its resurrection (Fagg), and its continued operations.","\nSeries II: State Organizational Files, 1886-2000, includes files that were used in the operations of the society as a whole. Financial documents, correspondence, reports, as well as the meeting minutes of the various committees that ran the society can be found in this series.","\nSeries III: Division Files, 1921-circa 1995, consists of files for local divisions located throughout the state. Some divisions are no longer in operation, having been closed completely or absorbed into another division. These older divisions can be found here in their original name. Meeting minutes for each division are also located here.","\nSeries IV: Photographs and Audio Visual, 1902-1997, holds both audio and visual media used by the Children's Home Society of Florida in promoting their society as well as raising funds.","\nSeries V: Ledger and Scrapbooks, 1902-1978, includes miscellaneous ledger and scrapbooks created by the Children's Home Society of Florida. The ledger books vary in format but are generally are either inventory or accounting in nature. The scrapbooks are made up of five volumes, all created by workers at the Children's Home Society of Florida. News clippings make up the majority of the scrapbooks contents but some do contain publications made by the Children's Home Society of Florida. There are also four Rose Keller Home scrapbooks made by workers at the Rose Keller Division in Lakeland, Florida. The Rose Keller Home scrapbooks give a brief history of the division as well as chronicle events at the home.","\nSeries VI: Additional Materials, 1862-2012, holds additional materials received from the Children's Home Society of Florida including organizational files, ephemera, photographs and audio/visual materials."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Copyright Statement"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_116bbdee47170dbab5d0053b5cc9d529\"\u003eThe Children's Home Society of Florida Collection contains organizational papers and ephemera that document the creation and operations of Florida's oldest non-profit adoption agency. The collection includes organizational papers from its state and local divisions, photographs, news clippings, audio and visual media, scrapbooks, and blueprints of the many receiving homes in the state, but does not contain adoption records. Adoption records remain at the CHSFL Adoption Archive and are available by contacting the society directly.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Children's Home Society of Florida Collection contains organizational papers and ephemera that document the creation and operations of Florida's oldest non-profit adoption agency. The collection includes organizational papers from its state and local divisions, photographs, news clippings, audio and visual media, scrapbooks, and blueprints of the many receiving homes in the state, but does not contain adoption records. Adoption records remain at the CHSFL Adoption Archive and are available by contacting the society directly."],"names_coll_ssim":["Florida. Department of Children and Families","Child Welfare League of America","Florida. State Board of Public Welfare"],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Children's Home Society of Florida","Florida. Department of Children and Families","Child Welfare League of America","Florida. State Board of Public Welfare"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Children's Home Society of Florida","Florida. Department of Children and Families","Child Welfare League of America","Florida. State Board of Public Welfare"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1225,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870857973089173504,"_root_":"f98896827f16d52b3168e472","timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:06:38.475Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/f98896827f16d52b3168e472_aspace_ee9d5688a3a0e4f632c436314204b67b"}},{"id":"a1ca2a084d47efc12d66098d","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Todd Silverman collection, October 28, 2005, Date accessioned: 2006-10-08, bulk 1943-1945","creator":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/a1ca2a084d47efc12d66098d#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["Silverman, Todd, 1925-2019"],"label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/a1ca2a084d47efc12d66098d#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection relates to Todd Silverman who served in the U.S. Navy as a radio and radar operator on PBY and PBM flying boats in the Pacific Theater Operation during World War II. The collection contains an oral history transcript and photographs.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/a1ca2a084d47efc12d66098d#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"a1ca2a084d47efc12d66098d","title_filing_ssi":"Silverman, Todd collection","title_ssm":["Todd Silverman collection"],"title_tesim":["Todd Silverman collection"],"ead_ssi":"a1ca2a084d47efc12d66098d","unitdate_ssm":["October 28, 2005","1943-1945","Date accessioned: 2006-10-08"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1943-1945"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["October 28, 2005","Date accessioned: 2006-10-08"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["06.0133","/repositories/10/resources/1743"],"text":["06.0133","/repositories/10/resources/1743","Todd Silverman collection, October 28, 2005, Date accessioned: 2006-10-08, bulk 1943-1945","Tampa (Fla.)","Naval Air Station Jacksonville (Fla.)","Naval Air Station North Island (Calif.)","Corpus Christi (Tex.)","Okinawa Island (Japan)","Honshū (Japan)","Naval Air Station Banana River (Fla.)","Alameda Naval Air Station (Calif.)","Kaneohe Bay Naval Air Station (Hawaii)","Naval Station Puget Sound (Wash.)","Wauchula (Fla.)","World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American","Oral history","World War, 1939-1945","World War, 1939-1945--Pacific Area","Radio--Receivers and reception.","World War, 1939-1945--Japan","Kamikaze airplanes","World War, 1939-1945--Naval operations, Japanese","Typhoons","Florida State University. 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Navy","Chandeleur (Ship)"],"persname_ssim":["Silverman, Todd, 1925-2019","Ritchie, Louella"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"a1ca2a084d47efc12d66098d","timestamp":"2026-07-09T05:27:32.209Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/a1ca2a084d47efc12d66098d"}},{"id":"3b651bebb556d00cec8728df_aspace_2317","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"To F.W.G. at Seventy-Eight, March 8, 1943","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/3b651bebb556d00cec8728df_aspace_2317#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_2317","ref_ssm":["aspace_2317","aspace_2317"],"id":"3b651bebb556d00cec8728df_aspace_2317","title_filing_ssi":"To F.W.G. at Seventy-Eight","title_ssm":["To F.W.G. at Seventy-Eight"],"title_tesim":["To F.W.G. at Seventy-Eight"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["March 8, 1943"],"normalized_date_ssm":["March 8, 1943"],"normalized_title_ssm":["To F.W.G. at Seventy-Eight, March 8, 1943"],"text":["To F.W.G. at Seventy-Eight, March 8, 1943","Walter and Dorothy Donnelly family papers, 1887-2021","Typophiles, 1941-1958","Monographs, 1942-1957.","Item 3","/repositories/4/archival_objects/6481","box 2","folder 1"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["3b651bebb556d00cec8728df","3b651bebb556d00cec8728df_aspace_2258","3b651bebb556d00cec8728df_aspace_2313"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Walter and Dorothy Donnelly family papers, 1887-2021","Typophiles, 1941-1958","Monographs, 1942-1957."],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Walter and Dorothy Donnelly family papers, 1887-2021","Typophiles, 1941-1958","Monographs, 1942-1957."],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Subseries"],"unitid_ssm":["Item 3","/repositories/4/archival_objects/6481"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Walter and Dorothy Donnelly family papers, 1887-2021"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":94,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The entire collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Unpublished records are protected by copyright. Permission to publish quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"date_range_isim":[1943],"containers_ssim":["box 2","folder 1"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#2/components#2","_nest_parent_":"3b651bebb556d00cec8728df_aspace_2313","_root_":"3b651bebb556d00cec8728df","timestamp":"2026-06-03T02:50:58.042Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"3b651bebb556d00cec8728df","title_ssm":["Walter and Dorothy Donnelly family papers"],"title_tesim":["Walter and Dorothy Donnelly family papers"],"ead_ssi":"3b651bebb556d00cec8728df","unitdate_ssm":["1887-2021"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1887-2021"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC.33","/repositories/4/resources/35"],"text":["SC.33","/repositories/4/resources/35","Walter and Dorothy Donnelly family papers, 1887-2021","Women poets, American","Poets, American -- 20th Century -- correspondence","diaries","poems","The entire collection is open for research.","Walter Donnelly and Dorothy Boillotat Donnelly collected thousands of fine books between 1920-1994, for their family library at 612 Lawrence Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Walter (1900-1981) was Editor of the University of Michigan Press when he retired in 1970. Dorothy (1903-1994) was an award-winning poet. They have three sons, Jerome, Stephen, and Denis.","\nIn 1931 Dorothy and Walter were married, Dorothy completed her Master's Degree from the University of Michigan, and she won the Avery Hopwood Contest. The $1,500 prize enabled the couple to live in France and Italy for a time. Dorothy wrote several acclaimed books of poetry as well as numerous articles for the magazine transition (always spelled in the lower case), publishing work by writers such as Hart Crane, Ernest Hemingway and Carl Jung. Eugene Jolas, the French editor of transition, wrote Dorothy in 1931, \"You are the only one in America whose writing seems to me to be going in the right direction.\"","\nWalter also published some poetry and wrote plays with playwright and screenwriter Paul Osborn when the two were in college at the University of Michigan. After living in Greenwich Village and Paris, he returned to Ann Arbor to accept a position at the University of Michigan editing Museum Publications as well as doing editorial work for the Press.","\nThe Donnelly's had a keen interest in the printing arts. Collected materials include examples from the best paper-makers, type designers, typographers, book binders, and printers as well as those artists involved in book illustrations. Notable in the collection are numerous publications of The Typophiles, a small group of graphic arts professionals based in New York, including luminaries like Bruce Rogers and Frederic W. Goudy. The Typophiles, who began meeting around 1932, are still meeting and publishing today.","Collection processed by Nadine Helm and Elizabeth Konzak; finding aid created by Nadine Helm and Elizabeth Konzak. The materials were organized and foldered. Some materials have water damage and were freeze dried in August 2006. Ria Heising and Suphi Burak Ogreten added addional materials received from Jerome Donnelly in 2021.  Ria Heising and Suphi Burak Ogreten added addional materials received from Jerome Donnelly in 2021. Addition processed and finding aid updated by Amelia Cuttle in 2023.","Patrick Boland collection , Special Collections \u0026 University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, Florida.","The collection is arranged in three series, Family Papers, Typophiles and Additional Materials. ","Series I, Family Papers, 1887-1979, Undated, contains family photographs, memorabilia, poetry, and collected information on printers, printing and typography.","\nSeries II, Typophiles, 1941-1969, Undated, consists of materials collected by the Donnellys as members of the organization of printers, typographers and appreciators of bookmaking. Materials include Chap Book Commentaries, fine press published information about the typophiles as a group, similar to an organizational newsletter that includes a colophon. Keepsakes were items created for an event such as Christmas to exhibit typographic skills. The Monographs are small examples of printing that exemplify the best of design, typography, and technique. "," \nSeries III, Additional Materials, 1909-2021, Undated, consists of seven boxes of card catalogs Walter and Dorothy Donnelly created to keep track of their inventory of the book collection. Various incoming and outgoing letters to the Donnellys, newspaper clippings, articles, poetry, and unpublished and published writings by the Donnellys can be found in the series. The personal books of Dorothy Donnelly, including her daily missal and reading and diary journals, are also featured.","Books donated with the Walter and Dorothy Donnelly Family Papers have been cataloged individually. Please search the Library Catalog using the series Walter and Dorothy Donnelly Collection.","The papers of Patrick Boland were separated into their own collection. ","Unpublished records are protected by copyright. Permission to publish quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","The materials show the Donnellys' diverse and far-reaching interests, primarily in the humanities. A majority of the materials are about typography and typophiles, including monographs and chap books.","UCF Special Collections","Donnelly, Walter","Donnelly, Dorothy, 1903-1994","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC.33","/repositories/4/resources/35"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1887-2021"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Walter and Dorothy Donnelly family papers, 1887-2021"],"collection_title_tesim":["Walter and Dorothy Donnelly family papers, 1887-2021"],"collection_ssim":["Walter and Dorothy Donnelly family papers, 1887-2021"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"creator_ssm":["Donnelly, Walter","Donnelly, Dorothy, 1903-1994"],"creator_ssim":["Donnelly, Walter","Donnelly, Dorothy, 1903-1994"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Donnelly, Walter","Donnelly, Dorothy, 1903-1994"],"creators_ssim":["Donnelly, Walter","Donnelly, Dorothy, 1903-1994"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished records are protected by copyright. Permission to publish quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Donnelly sons donated their parents' collection to the University of Central Florida Library in 1999 (CFM1999_08). Additional materials received from Jerome Donnelly in 2020 (CFM2020_06; CFM2020_10), 2021 (CFM2021_21), and 2022 (CFM2022_05)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women poets, American","Poets, American -- 20th Century -- correspondence","diaries","poems"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women poets, American","Poets, American -- 20th Century -- correspondence","diaries","poems"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["7.5 Linear Feet 15 Boxes, 1 Flat File"],"extent_tesim":["7.5 Linear Feet 15 Boxes, 1 Flat File"],"genreform_ssim":["diaries","poems"],"date_range_isim":[1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWalter Donnelly and Dorothy Boillotat Donnelly collected thousands of fine books between 1920-1994, for their family library at 612 Lawrence Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Walter (1900-1981) was Editor of the University of Michigan Press when he retired in 1970. Dorothy (1903-1994) was an award-winning poet. They have three sons, Jerome, Stephen, and Denis.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nIn 1931 Dorothy and Walter were married, Dorothy completed her Master's Degree from the University of Michigan, and she won the Avery Hopwood Contest. The $1,500 prize enabled the couple to live in France and Italy for a time. Dorothy wrote several acclaimed books of poetry as well as numerous articles for the magazine transition (always spelled in the lower case), publishing work by writers such as Hart Crane, Ernest Hemingway and Carl Jung. Eugene Jolas, the French editor of transition, wrote Dorothy in 1931, \"You are the only one in America whose writing seems to me to be going in the right direction.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nWalter also published some poetry and wrote plays with playwright and screenwriter Paul Osborn when the two were in college at the University of Michigan. After living in Greenwich Village and Paris, he returned to Ann Arbor to accept a position at the University of Michigan editing Museum Publications as well as doing editorial work for the Press.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Donnelly's had a keen interest in the printing arts. Collected materials include examples from the best paper-makers, type designers, typographers, book binders, and printers as well as those artists involved in book illustrations. Notable in the collection are numerous publications of The Typophiles, a small group of graphic arts professionals based in New York, including luminaries like Bruce Rogers and Frederic W. Goudy. The Typophiles, who began meeting around 1932, are still meeting and publishing today.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Walter Donnelly and Dorothy Boillotat Donnelly collected thousands of fine books between 1920-1994, for their family library at 612 Lawrence Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Walter (1900-1981) was Editor of the University of Michigan Press when he retired in 1970. Dorothy (1903-1994) was an award-winning poet. They have three sons, Jerome, Stephen, and Denis.","\nIn 1931 Dorothy and Walter were married, Dorothy completed her Master's Degree from the University of Michigan, and she won the Avery Hopwood Contest. The $1,500 prize enabled the couple to live in France and Italy for a time. Dorothy wrote several acclaimed books of poetry as well as numerous articles for the magazine transition (always spelled in the lower case), publishing work by writers such as Hart Crane, Ernest Hemingway and Carl Jung. Eugene Jolas, the French editor of transition, wrote Dorothy in 1931, \"You are the only one in America whose writing seems to me to be going in the right direction.\"","\nWalter also published some poetry and wrote plays with playwright and screenwriter Paul Osborn when the two were in college at the University of Michigan. After living in Greenwich Village and Paris, he returned to Ann Arbor to accept a position at the University of Michigan editing Museum Publications as well as doing editorial work for the Press.","\nThe Donnelly's had a keen interest in the printing arts. Collected materials include examples from the best paper-makers, type designers, typographers, book binders, and printers as well as those artists involved in book illustrations. Notable in the collection are numerous publications of The Typophiles, a small group of graphic arts professionals based in New York, including luminaries like Bruce Rogers and Frederic W. Goudy. The Typophiles, who began meeting around 1932, are still meeting and publishing today."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWalter and Dorothy Donnelly Family Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Walter and Dorothy Donnelly Family Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection processed by Nadine Helm and Elizabeth Konzak; finding aid created by Nadine Helm and Elizabeth Konzak. The materials were organized and foldered. Some materials have water damage and were freeze dried in August 2006. Ria Heising and Suphi Burak Ogreten added addional materials received from Jerome Donnelly in 2021.  Ria Heising and Suphi Burak Ogreten added addional materials received from Jerome Donnelly in 2021. Addition processed and finding aid updated by Amelia Cuttle in 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Collection processed by Nadine Helm and Elizabeth Konzak; finding aid created by Nadine Helm and Elizabeth Konzak. The materials were organized and foldered. Some materials have water damage and were freeze dried in August 2006. Ria Heising and Suphi Burak Ogreten added addional materials received from Jerome Donnelly in 2021.  Ria Heising and Suphi Burak Ogreten added addional materials received from Jerome Donnelly in 2021. Addition processed and finding aid updated by Amelia Cuttle in 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref href=\"https://scua.library.ucf.edu/repositories/4/resources/289\"\u003ePatrick Boland collection\u003c/extref\u003e, Special Collections \u0026amp; University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Patrick Boland collection , Special Collections \u0026 University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, Florida."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in three series, Family Papers, Typophiles and Additional Materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries I, Family Papers, 1887-1979, Undated, contains family photographs, memorabilia, poetry, and collected information on printers, printing and typography.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries II, Typophiles, 1941-1969, Undated, consists of materials collected by the Donnellys as members of the organization of printers, typographers and appreciators of bookmaking. Materials include Chap Book Commentaries, fine press published information about the typophiles as a group, similar to an organizational newsletter that includes a colophon. Keepsakes were items created for an event such as Christmas to exhibit typographic skills. The Monographs are small examples of printing that exemplify the best of design, typography, and technique. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e \nSeries III, Additional Materials, 1909-2021, Undated, consists of seven boxes of card catalogs Walter and Dorothy Donnelly created to keep track of their inventory of the book collection. Various incoming and outgoing letters to the Donnellys, newspaper clippings, articles, poetry, and unpublished and published writings by the Donnellys can be found in the series. The personal books of Dorothy Donnelly, including her daily missal and reading and diary journals, are also featured.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection is arranged in three series, Family Papers, Typophiles and Additional Materials. ","Series I, Family Papers, 1887-1979, Undated, contains family photographs, memorabilia, poetry, and collected information on printers, printing and typography.","\nSeries II, Typophiles, 1941-1969, Undated, consists of materials collected by the Donnellys as members of the organization of printers, typographers and appreciators of bookmaking. Materials include Chap Book Commentaries, fine press published information about the typophiles as a group, similar to an organizational newsletter that includes a colophon. Keepsakes were items created for an event such as Christmas to exhibit typographic skills. The Monographs are small examples of printing that exemplify the best of design, typography, and technique. "," \nSeries III, Additional Materials, 1909-2021, Undated, consists of seven boxes of card catalogs Walter and Dorothy Donnelly created to keep track of their inventory of the book collection. Various incoming and outgoing letters to the Donnellys, newspaper clippings, articles, poetry, and unpublished and published writings by the Donnellys can be found in the series. The personal books of Dorothy Donnelly, including her daily missal and reading and diary journals, are also featured."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBooks donated with the Walter and Dorothy Donnelly Family Papers have been cataloged individually. Please search the Library Catalog using the series Walter and Dorothy Donnelly Collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Patrick Boland were separated into their own collection.\u0026#xA0;\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Books donated with the Walter and Dorothy Donnelly Family Papers have been cataloged individually. Please search the Library Catalog using the series Walter and Dorothy Donnelly Collection.","The papers of Patrick Boland were separated into their own collection. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished records are protected by copyright. Permission to publish quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Copyright Statement"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished records are protected by copyright. Permission to publish quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_58a62762084b860db899b0bb6eea27dd\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe materials show the Donnellys' diverse and far-reaching interests, primarily in the humanities. A majority of the materials are about typography and typophiles, including monographs and chap books.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The materials show the Donnellys' diverse and far-reaching interests, primarily in the humanities. A majority of the materials are about typography and typophiles, including monographs and chap books."],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Donnelly, Walter","Donnelly, Dorothy, 1903-1994"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Donnelly, Walter","Donnelly, Dorothy, 1903-1994"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":255,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"3b651bebb556d00cec8728df","timestamp":"2026-06-03T02:50:58.042Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/3b651bebb556d00cec8728df_aspace_2317"}},{"id":"3568b6c152182b93ea42321c_aspace_0bd1a3c66030adbdc41ba5d7fbc98f6a","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Toilet Paper Letter from Lorraine, August 8, 1943","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/3568b6c152182b93ea42321c_aspace_0bd1a3c66030adbdc41ba5d7fbc98f6a#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains a toilet paper letter from Lorraine to Tommaso. In this letter she laments that Tommaso is not writing to her frequently enough and proceeds to discuss her home life.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/3568b6c152182b93ea42321c_aspace_0bd1a3c66030adbdc41ba5d7fbc98f6a#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_0bd1a3c66030adbdc41ba5d7fbc98f6a","ref_ssm":["aspace_0bd1a3c66030adbdc41ba5d7fbc98f6a","aspace_0bd1a3c66030adbdc41ba5d7fbc98f6a"],"id":"3568b6c152182b93ea42321c_aspace_0bd1a3c66030adbdc41ba5d7fbc98f6a","title_filing_ssi":"Toilet Paper Letter from Lorraine","title_ssm":["Toilet Paper Letter from Lorraine"],"title_tesim":["Toilet Paper Letter from Lorraine"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["August 8, 1943"],"normalized_date_ssm":["August 8, 1943"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Toilet Paper Letter from Lorraine, August 8, 1943"],"text":["Toilet Paper Letter from Lorraine, August 8, 1943","Harold J. Tommaso collection, 1941-1948, Date accessioned: 2020-03-06","010","/repositories/10/archival_objects/187074","99.0415 - Box 1","folder 010","This folder contains a toilet paper letter from Lorraine to Tommaso. In this letter she laments that Tommaso is not writing to her frequently enough and proceeds to discuss her home life."],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ids_ssim":["3568b6c152182b93ea42321c"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Harold J. Tommaso collection, 1941-1948, Date accessioned: 2020-03-06"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Harold J. Tommaso collection, 1941-1948, Date accessioned: 2020-03-06"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"unitid_ssm":["010","/repositories/10/archival_objects/187074"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Harold J. Tommaso collection, 1941-1948, Date accessioned: 2020-03-06"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":10,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open to all researchers."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"date_range_isim":[1943],"containers_ssim":["99.0415 - Box 1","folder 010"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains a toilet paper letter from Lorraine to Tommaso. In this letter she laments that Tommaso is not writing to her frequently enough and proceeds to discuss her home life.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This folder contains a toilet paper letter from Lorraine to Tommaso. In this letter she laments that Tommaso is not writing to her frequently enough and proceeds to discuss her home life."],"_nest_path_":"/components#9","_nest_parent_":"3568b6c152182b93ea42321c","_root_":"3568b6c152182b93ea42321c","_version_":1870857632402636800,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:01:13.675Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"3568b6c152182b93ea42321c","title_filing_ssi":"Tommaso, Harold J.  collection","title_ssm":["Harold J. Tommaso collection"],"title_tesim":["Harold J. Tommaso collection"],"ead_ssi":"3568b6c152182b93ea42321c","unitdate_ssm":["1941-1948","Date accessioned: 2020-03-06"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1941-1948"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date accessioned: 2020-03-06"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["99.0415","/repositories/10/resources/1664"],"text":["99.0415","/repositories/10/resources/1664","Harold J. Tommaso collection, 1941-1948, Date accessioned: 2020-03-06","Portland (Or.)","World War, 1939-1945--Hawaii","World War, 1939-1945--Social aspects--United States","World War, 1914-1918--Women--United States","Clippings (Books, newspapers, etc.)","This collection is open to all researchers.","Harold J. Tommaso was born in Portland, OR on February 26, 1923. He was drafted into the U.S. Army where he served during World War II. After the war, he returned to the home to Oregon. Tommaso currently lives in Oregon, and is married to Dolores Tommaso.","Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022.","This collection relates to U.S. Army Private Harold J. Tommaso who served during World War II. The collection contains letters, newspapers, and various official documents and papers related to Tommaso.","All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.","FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Tommaso, Harold J., 1923-","English"],"unitid_tesim":["99.0415","/repositories/10/resources/1664"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1941-1948, Date accessioned: 2020-03-06"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Harold J. Tommaso collection, 1941-1948, Date accessioned: 2020-03-06"],"collection_title_tesim":["Harold J. Tommaso collection, 1941-1948, Date accessioned: 2020-03-06"],"collection_ssim":["Harold J. 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Gibson papers, 1924-1947, Date acquired: 09/25/2001, bulk 1944","creator":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/b984c2baead2c1d455eb3c91#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["Gibson, Tom L."],"label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/b984c2baead2c1d455eb3c91#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection of Tom L. Gibson contains an oral history transcript of an interview provided by the Reichelt Program for Oral History.  Gibson served during World War II with the 101st Airborne Division in Europe as a Second Lieutenant and participated in Holland during Operation Market Garden.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/b984c2baead2c1d455eb3c91#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"b984c2baead2c1d455eb3c91","title_ssm":["Tom L. 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Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the archives' ability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials.","Citrus labels are arranged by alphabetical series that reflect their state of origin. Within the series, labels are also arraqnged alphabetical. Vegetable labels reflect multiple states of origin and are arranged alphabetically by brand name.","In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, America's agricultural landscape underwent a massive transformation. The expansion of railroads and the invention of the refrigerated boxcar (reefer) suddenly allowed fresh produce to travel thousands of miles from sun-drenched fields to chilly northern cities.","To ship these delicate goods, growers packed them into sturdy wooden crates. However, once those crates arrived at wholesale markets, they all looked identical. To stand out in crowded wholesale terminals, agricultural cooperatives and independent packers began pasting vibrant, lithographed paper labels onto the ends of their wooden crates. This gave rise to a golden era of graphic art that lasted from the late 1880s until the 1950s, when cheap, pre-printed cardboard boxes rendered the wooden crates and paper labels obsolete.","While all labels served as early forms of brand identity, the imagery varied dramatically by state, reflecting each region's unique geography, culture, and marketing strategy.","California was the undisputed pioneer of the crate label. Driven by the massive success of the Southern California Fruit Exchange (later renamed Sunkist in 1908), California labels set the industry standard for artistic quality.","Because the state was trying to attract tourists and settlers alongside selling fruit, its labels heavily romanticized the West. Artists depicted idyllic, sun-kissed groves nestled directly against snow-capped mountains, Spanish missions, beautiful women, and historical themes like the Gold Rush. The message was clear: purchasing California citrus was a bite of the healthy, prosperous, Mediterranean lifestyle.","Florida entered the game shortly after California, heavily influenced by the Florida Citrus Exchange (founded in 1909). Rather than focusing on majestic landscapes, Florida labels leaned into the state's lush, exotic, and sub-tropical climate.","Common motifs included flamingos, herons, alligators, palm trees, and pristine beaches. Florida growers also loved using historical themes centered on early explorers like Juan Ponce de León and the search for the Fountain of Youth, positioning their oranges and grapefruits as natural elixirs of life and vitality.","The Texas citrus and vegetable industry blossomed much later, finding its footing in the 1920s and 1930s in the fertile Rio Grande Valley. Because Texas entered a mature market dominated by California and Florida, state growers leaned aggressively into their most recognizable asset: Texas identity.","Texas labels are famous for cowboy imagery, longhorn cattle, oil derricks, Alamo imagery, and bold, patriotic colors. Brands like \"Texas Moon\" or \"Tex-Maid\" relied on regional pride and a rugged, western aesthetic to carve out shelf space, proving that everything—including the marketing—was bigger and bolder in Texas.","rizona's commercial citrus production emerged alongside massive irrigation projects in the Salt River Valley and Yuma Mesa during the early 1900s. Because its growing regions bordered California, Arizona labels often mirrored California's high-quality lithographic style but with distinct desert iconography.","Arizona labels leaned heavily into its striking desert geology, featuring Saguaro cacti, sweeping desert mesas, blazing sunsets, and romanticized depictions of Native American cultures. These labels framed Arizona as a miraculous agricultural oasis, emphasizing that their grapefruit and oranges were grown under intense desert sun, which heightened sweetness.","By the mid-1950s, the art form abruptly vanished. Flat-packed corrugated cardboard boxes with simple, cheap ink stamps took over because they were lighter to ship and far less labor-intensive than assembling wooden crates.","The materials in this collection reflect the history of citrus and vegetable crate labels through the early to mid-twentieth century. Most of the citrus labels were produced through the 1940s, with vegetable labels continuing through the early 1970s. ","This collection is notable in that it contains labels from the four major players in the U.S. citrus market: California, Florida, Arizona, and Texas. This allows one to compare the approaches each state took in the creation of their labels (size, layout, etc.) as well as shared themes and themes unique to each state.","Also notable is the handful of labels from Australia, which are the only known overseas citrus crate labels in our collections.","Most labels are authentic, although there are a few reproductions present within the collection. As an educator, Professor Mack's surmised intent was to demonstrate the historical design of the labels rather than collecting them for profit or hobby. ","This collection is owned by Florida Southern College and is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).","Thomas B. 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Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the archives' ability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the archives' ability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCitrus labels are arranged by alphabetical series that reflect their state of origin. Within the series, labels are also arraqnged alphabetical. 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To stand out in crowded wholesale terminals, agricultural cooperatives and independent packers began pasting vibrant, lithographed paper labels onto the ends of their wooden crates. This gave rise to a golden era of graphic art that lasted from the late 1880s until the 1950s, when cheap, pre-printed cardboard boxes rendered the wooden crates and paper labels obsolete.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhile all labels served as early forms of brand identity, the imagery varied dramatically by state, reflecting each region's unique geography, culture, and marketing strategy.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCalifornia was the undisputed pioneer of the crate label. Driven by the massive success of the Southern California Fruit Exchange (later renamed Sunkist in 1908), California labels set the industry standard for artistic quality.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBecause the state was trying to attract tourists and settlers alongside selling fruit, its labels heavily romanticized the West. Artists depicted idyllic, sun-kissed groves nestled directly against snow-capped mountains, Spanish missions, beautiful women, and historical themes like the Gold Rush. The message was clear: purchasing California citrus was a bite of the healthy, prosperous, Mediterranean lifestyle.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFlorida entered the game shortly after California, heavily influenced by the Florida Citrus Exchange (founded in 1909). Rather than focusing on majestic landscapes, Florida labels leaned into the state's lush, exotic, and sub-tropical climate.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCommon motifs included flamingos, herons, alligators, palm trees, and pristine beaches. Florida growers also loved using historical themes centered on early explorers like Juan Ponce de Le\u0026#xF3;n and the search for the Fountain of Youth, positioning their oranges and grapefruits as natural elixirs of life and vitality.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Texas citrus and vegetable industry blossomed much later, finding its footing in the 1920s and 1930s in the fertile Rio Grande Valley. Because Texas entered a mature market dominated by California and Florida, state growers leaned aggressively into their most recognizable asset: Texas identity.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTexas labels are famous for cowboy imagery, longhorn cattle, oil derricks, Alamo imagery, and bold, patriotic colors. Brands like \"Texas Moon\" or \"Tex-Maid\" relied on regional pride and a rugged, western aesthetic to carve out shelf space, proving that everything\u0026#x2014;including the marketing\u0026#x2014;was bigger and bolder in Texas.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003erizona's commercial citrus production emerged alongside massive irrigation projects in the Salt River Valley and Yuma Mesa during the early 1900s. Because its growing regions bordered California, Arizona labels often mirrored California's high-quality lithographic style but with distinct desert iconography.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eArizona labels leaned heavily into its striking desert geology, featuring Saguaro cacti, sweeping desert mesas, blazing sunsets, and romanticized depictions of Native American cultures. These labels framed Arizona as a miraculous agricultural oasis, emphasizing that their grapefruit and oranges were grown under intense desert sun, which heightened sweetness.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBy the mid-1950s, the art form abruptly vanished. Flat-packed corrugated cardboard boxes with simple, cheap ink stamps took over because they were lighter to ship and far less labor-intensive than assembling wooden crates.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, America's agricultural landscape underwent a massive transformation. The expansion of railroads and the invention of the refrigerated boxcar (reefer) suddenly allowed fresh produce to travel thousands of miles from sun-drenched fields to chilly northern cities.","To ship these delicate goods, growers packed them into sturdy wooden crates. However, once those crates arrived at wholesale markets, they all looked identical. To stand out in crowded wholesale terminals, agricultural cooperatives and independent packers began pasting vibrant, lithographed paper labels onto the ends of their wooden crates. This gave rise to a golden era of graphic art that lasted from the late 1880s until the 1950s, when cheap, pre-printed cardboard boxes rendered the wooden crates and paper labels obsolete.","While all labels served as early forms of brand identity, the imagery varied dramatically by state, reflecting each region's unique geography, culture, and marketing strategy.","California was the undisputed pioneer of the crate label. Driven by the massive success of the Southern California Fruit Exchange (later renamed Sunkist in 1908), California labels set the industry standard for artistic quality.","Because the state was trying to attract tourists and settlers alongside selling fruit, its labels heavily romanticized the West. Artists depicted idyllic, sun-kissed groves nestled directly against snow-capped mountains, Spanish missions, beautiful women, and historical themes like the Gold Rush. The message was clear: purchasing California citrus was a bite of the healthy, prosperous, Mediterranean lifestyle.","Florida entered the game shortly after California, heavily influenced by the Florida Citrus Exchange (founded in 1909). Rather than focusing on majestic landscapes, Florida labels leaned into the state's lush, exotic, and sub-tropical climate.","Common motifs included flamingos, herons, alligators, palm trees, and pristine beaches. Florida growers also loved using historical themes centered on early explorers like Juan Ponce de León and the search for the Fountain of Youth, positioning their oranges and grapefruits as natural elixirs of life and vitality.","The Texas citrus and vegetable industry blossomed much later, finding its footing in the 1920s and 1930s in the fertile Rio Grande Valley. Because Texas entered a mature market dominated by California and Florida, state growers leaned aggressively into their most recognizable asset: Texas identity.","Texas labels are famous for cowboy imagery, longhorn cattle, oil derricks, Alamo imagery, and bold, patriotic colors. Brands like \"Texas Moon\" or \"Tex-Maid\" relied on regional pride and a rugged, western aesthetic to carve out shelf space, proving that everything—including the marketing—was bigger and bolder in Texas.","rizona's commercial citrus production emerged alongside massive irrigation projects in the Salt River Valley and Yuma Mesa during the early 1900s. Because its growing regions bordered California, Arizona labels often mirrored California's high-quality lithographic style but with distinct desert iconography.","Arizona labels leaned heavily into its striking desert geology, featuring Saguaro cacti, sweeping desert mesas, blazing sunsets, and romanticized depictions of Native American cultures. These labels framed Arizona as a miraculous agricultural oasis, emphasizing that their grapefruit and oranges were grown under intense desert sun, which heightened sweetness.","By the mid-1950s, the art form abruptly vanished. Flat-packed corrugated cardboard boxes with simple, cheap ink stamps took over because they were lighter to ship and far less labor-intensive than assembling wooden crates."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this collection reflect the history of citrus and vegetable crate labels through the early to mid-twentieth century. Most of the citrus labels were produced through the 1940s, with vegetable labels continuing through the early 1970s. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis collection is notable in that it contains labels from the four major players in the U.S. citrus market: California, Florida, Arizona, and Texas. This allows one to compare the approaches each state took in the creation of their labels (size, layout, etc.) as well as shared themes and themes unique to each state.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlso notable is the handful of labels from Australia, which are the only known overseas citrus crate labels in our collections.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMost labels are authentic, although there are a few reproductions present within the collection. As an educator, Professor Mack's surmised intent was to demonstrate the historical design of the labels rather than collecting them for profit or hobby. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The materials in this collection reflect the history of citrus and vegetable crate labels through the early to mid-twentieth century. Most of the citrus labels were produced through the 1940s, with vegetable labels continuing through the early 1970s. ","This collection is notable in that it contains labels from the four major players in the U.S. citrus market: California, Florida, Arizona, and Texas. This allows one to compare the approaches each state took in the creation of their labels (size, layout, etc.) as well as shared themes and themes unique to each state.","Also notable is the handful of labels from Australia, which are the only known overseas citrus crate labels in our collections.","Most labels are authentic, although there are a few reproductions present within the collection. As an educator, Professor Mack's surmised intent was to demonstrate the historical design of the labels rather than collecting them for profit or hobby. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is owned by Florida Southern College and is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["This collection is owned by Florida Southern College and is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."],"names_ssim":["Thomas B. Mack Florida Citrus Archives"],"corpname_ssim":["Thomas B. Mack Florida Citrus Archives"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":949,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"456875eab9536e3707a4b04f","timestamp":"2026-06-30T02:21:32.973Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"456875eab9536e3707a4b04f","title_ssm":["Tom Mack Citrus and Vegetable Label Collection"],"title_tesim":["Tom Mack Citrus and Vegetable Label Collection"],"ead_ssi":"456875eab9536e3707a4b04f","unitdate_ssm":["1900-1970"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1900-1970"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["CIT1000-1","/repositories/3/resources/145"],"text":["CIT1000-1","/repositories/3/resources/145","Tom Mack Citrus and Vegetable Label Collection, 1900-1970","Citrus fruit industry - California","Citrus fruit industry — Texas","Citrus fruit industry — Arizona","Citrus fruit industry — Australia","Fruit Crate Labels","Citrus fruit industry","Vegetable trade","Commercial art","Advertising, Industrial","Lithography--20th century","Citrus fruit industry--Florida--History--20th century","This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the archives' ability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials.","Citrus labels are arranged by alphabetical series that reflect their state of origin. Within the series, labels are also arraqnged alphabetical. Vegetable labels reflect multiple states of origin and are arranged alphabetically by brand name.","In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, America's agricultural landscape underwent a massive transformation. The expansion of railroads and the invention of the refrigerated boxcar (reefer) suddenly allowed fresh produce to travel thousands of miles from sun-drenched fields to chilly northern cities.","To ship these delicate goods, growers packed them into sturdy wooden crates. However, once those crates arrived at wholesale markets, they all looked identical. To stand out in crowded wholesale terminals, agricultural cooperatives and independent packers began pasting vibrant, lithographed paper labels onto the ends of their wooden crates. This gave rise to a golden era of graphic art that lasted from the late 1880s until the 1950s, when cheap, pre-printed cardboard boxes rendered the wooden crates and paper labels obsolete.","While all labels served as early forms of brand identity, the imagery varied dramatically by state, reflecting each region's unique geography, culture, and marketing strategy.","California was the undisputed pioneer of the crate label. Driven by the massive success of the Southern California Fruit Exchange (later renamed Sunkist in 1908), California labels set the industry standard for artistic quality.","Because the state was trying to attract tourists and settlers alongside selling fruit, its labels heavily romanticized the West. Artists depicted idyllic, sun-kissed groves nestled directly against snow-capped mountains, Spanish missions, beautiful women, and historical themes like the Gold Rush. The message was clear: purchasing California citrus was a bite of the healthy, prosperous, Mediterranean lifestyle.","Florida entered the game shortly after California, heavily influenced by the Florida Citrus Exchange (founded in 1909). Rather than focusing on majestic landscapes, Florida labels leaned into the state's lush, exotic, and sub-tropical climate.","Common motifs included flamingos, herons, alligators, palm trees, and pristine beaches. Florida growers also loved using historical themes centered on early explorers like Juan Ponce de León and the search for the Fountain of Youth, positioning their oranges and grapefruits as natural elixirs of life and vitality.","The Texas citrus and vegetable industry blossomed much later, finding its footing in the 1920s and 1930s in the fertile Rio Grande Valley. Because Texas entered a mature market dominated by California and Florida, state growers leaned aggressively into their most recognizable asset: Texas identity.","Texas labels are famous for cowboy imagery, longhorn cattle, oil derricks, Alamo imagery, and bold, patriotic colors. Brands like \"Texas Moon\" or \"Tex-Maid\" relied on regional pride and a rugged, western aesthetic to carve out shelf space, proving that everything—including the marketing—was bigger and bolder in Texas.","rizona's commercial citrus production emerged alongside massive irrigation projects in the Salt River Valley and Yuma Mesa during the early 1900s. Because its growing regions bordered California, Arizona labels often mirrored California's high-quality lithographic style but with distinct desert iconography.","Arizona labels leaned heavily into its striking desert geology, featuring Saguaro cacti, sweeping desert mesas, blazing sunsets, and romanticized depictions of Native American cultures. These labels framed Arizona as a miraculous agricultural oasis, emphasizing that their grapefruit and oranges were grown under intense desert sun, which heightened sweetness.","By the mid-1950s, the art form abruptly vanished. Flat-packed corrugated cardboard boxes with simple, cheap ink stamps took over because they were lighter to ship and far less labor-intensive than assembling wooden crates.","The materials in this collection reflect the history of citrus and vegetable crate labels through the early to mid-twentieth century. Most of the citrus labels were produced through the 1940s, with vegetable labels continuing through the early 1970s. ","This collection is notable in that it contains labels from the four major players in the U.S. citrus market: California, Florida, Arizona, and Texas. This allows one to compare the approaches each state took in the creation of their labels (size, layout, etc.) as well as shared themes and themes unique to each state.","Also notable is the handful of labels from Australia, which are the only known overseas citrus crate labels in our collections.","Most labels are authentic, although there are a few reproductions present within the collection. As an educator, Professor Mack's surmised intent was to demonstrate the historical design of the labels rather than collecting them for profit or hobby. ","This collection is owned by Florida Southern College and is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).","Thomas B. Mack Florida Citrus Archives","English"],"unitid_tesim":["CIT1000-1","/repositories/3/resources/145"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1900-1970"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Tom Mack Citrus and Vegetable Label Collection, 1900-1970"],"collection_title_tesim":["Tom Mack Citrus and Vegetable Label Collection, 1900-1970"],"collection_ssim":["Tom Mack Citrus and Vegetable Label Collection, 1900-1970"],"repository_ssm":["Thomas B. Mack Florida Citrus Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Thomas B. Mack Florida Citrus Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Citrus fruit industry - California","Citrus fruit industry — Texas","Citrus fruit industry — Arizona","Citrus fruit industry — Australia"],"geogname_ssim":["Citrus fruit industry - California","Citrus fruit industry — Texas","Citrus fruit industry — Arizona","Citrus fruit industry — Australia"],"places_ssim":["Citrus fruit industry - California","Citrus fruit industry — Texas","Citrus fruit industry — Arizona","Citrus fruit industry — Australia"],"access_terms_ssm":["This collection is owned by Florida Southern College and is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was created by Professor Tom Mack as part of his efforts to document the history of the citrus industry. It was transferred to the archives via the library upon his retirement."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Fruit Crate Labels","Citrus fruit industry","Vegetable trade","Commercial art","Advertising, Industrial","Lithography--20th century","Citrus fruit industry--Florida--History--20th century"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Fruit Crate Labels","Citrus fruit industry","Vegetable trade","Commercial art","Advertising, Industrial","Lithography--20th century","Citrus fruit industry--Florida--History--20th century"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.3 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["2.3 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the archives' ability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the archives' ability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCitrus labels are arranged by alphabetical series that reflect their state of origin. Within the series, labels are also arraqnged alphabetical. Vegetable labels reflect multiple states of origin and are arranged alphabetically by brand name.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Citrus labels are arranged by alphabetical series that reflect their state of origin. Within the series, labels are also arraqnged alphabetical. Vegetable labels reflect multiple states of origin and are arranged alphabetically by brand name."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn the late 19th and early 20th centuries, America's agricultural landscape underwent a massive transformation. The expansion of railroads and the invention of the refrigerated boxcar (reefer) suddenly allowed fresh produce to travel thousands of miles from sun-drenched fields to chilly northern cities.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTo ship these delicate goods, growers packed them into sturdy wooden crates. However, once those crates arrived at wholesale markets, they all looked identical. To stand out in crowded wholesale terminals, agricultural cooperatives and independent packers began pasting vibrant, lithographed paper labels onto the ends of their wooden crates. This gave rise to a golden era of graphic art that lasted from the late 1880s until the 1950s, when cheap, pre-printed cardboard boxes rendered the wooden crates and paper labels obsolete.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhile all labels served as early forms of brand identity, the imagery varied dramatically by state, reflecting each region's unique geography, culture, and marketing strategy.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCalifornia was the undisputed pioneer of the crate label. Driven by the massive success of the Southern California Fruit Exchange (later renamed Sunkist in 1908), California labels set the industry standard for artistic quality.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBecause the state was trying to attract tourists and settlers alongside selling fruit, its labels heavily romanticized the West. Artists depicted idyllic, sun-kissed groves nestled directly against snow-capped mountains, Spanish missions, beautiful women, and historical themes like the Gold Rush. The message was clear: purchasing California citrus was a bite of the healthy, prosperous, Mediterranean lifestyle.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFlorida entered the game shortly after California, heavily influenced by the Florida Citrus Exchange (founded in 1909). Rather than focusing on majestic landscapes, Florida labels leaned into the state's lush, exotic, and sub-tropical climate.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCommon motifs included flamingos, herons, alligators, palm trees, and pristine beaches. 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Brands like \"Texas Moon\" or \"Tex-Maid\" relied on regional pride and a rugged, western aesthetic to carve out shelf space, proving that everything\u0026#x2014;including the marketing\u0026#x2014;was bigger and bolder in Texas.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003erizona's commercial citrus production emerged alongside massive irrigation projects in the Salt River Valley and Yuma Mesa during the early 1900s. Because its growing regions bordered California, Arizona labels often mirrored California's high-quality lithographic style but with distinct desert iconography.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eArizona labels leaned heavily into its striking desert geology, featuring Saguaro cacti, sweeping desert mesas, blazing sunsets, and romanticized depictions of Native American cultures. These labels framed Arizona as a miraculous agricultural oasis, emphasizing that their grapefruit and oranges were grown under intense desert sun, which heightened sweetness.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBy the mid-1950s, the art form abruptly vanished. Flat-packed corrugated cardboard boxes with simple, cheap ink stamps took over because they were lighter to ship and far less labor-intensive than assembling wooden crates.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, America's agricultural landscape underwent a massive transformation. The expansion of railroads and the invention of the refrigerated boxcar (reefer) suddenly allowed fresh produce to travel thousands of miles from sun-drenched fields to chilly northern cities.","To ship these delicate goods, growers packed them into sturdy wooden crates. However, once those crates arrived at wholesale markets, they all looked identical. To stand out in crowded wholesale terminals, agricultural cooperatives and independent packers began pasting vibrant, lithographed paper labels onto the ends of their wooden crates. This gave rise to a golden era of graphic art that lasted from the late 1880s until the 1950s, when cheap, pre-printed cardboard boxes rendered the wooden crates and paper labels obsolete.","While all labels served as early forms of brand identity, the imagery varied dramatically by state, reflecting each region's unique geography, culture, and marketing strategy.","California was the undisputed pioneer of the crate label. Driven by the massive success of the Southern California Fruit Exchange (later renamed Sunkist in 1908), California labels set the industry standard for artistic quality.","Because the state was trying to attract tourists and settlers alongside selling fruit, its labels heavily romanticized the West. Artists depicted idyllic, sun-kissed groves nestled directly against snow-capped mountains, Spanish missions, beautiful women, and historical themes like the Gold Rush. The message was clear: purchasing California citrus was a bite of the healthy, prosperous, Mediterranean lifestyle.","Florida entered the game shortly after California, heavily influenced by the Florida Citrus Exchange (founded in 1909). Rather than focusing on majestic landscapes, Florida labels leaned into the state's lush, exotic, and sub-tropical climate.","Common motifs included flamingos, herons, alligators, palm trees, and pristine beaches. Florida growers also loved using historical themes centered on early explorers like Juan Ponce de León and the search for the Fountain of Youth, positioning their oranges and grapefruits as natural elixirs of life and vitality.","The Texas citrus and vegetable industry blossomed much later, finding its footing in the 1920s and 1930s in the fertile Rio Grande Valley. Because Texas entered a mature market dominated by California and Florida, state growers leaned aggressively into their most recognizable asset: Texas identity.","Texas labels are famous for cowboy imagery, longhorn cattle, oil derricks, Alamo imagery, and bold, patriotic colors. Brands like \"Texas Moon\" or \"Tex-Maid\" relied on regional pride and a rugged, western aesthetic to carve out shelf space, proving that everything—including the marketing—was bigger and bolder in Texas.","rizona's commercial citrus production emerged alongside massive irrigation projects in the Salt River Valley and Yuma Mesa during the early 1900s. Because its growing regions bordered California, Arizona labels often mirrored California's high-quality lithographic style but with distinct desert iconography.","Arizona labels leaned heavily into its striking desert geology, featuring Saguaro cacti, sweeping desert mesas, blazing sunsets, and romanticized depictions of Native American cultures. These labels framed Arizona as a miraculous agricultural oasis, emphasizing that their grapefruit and oranges were grown under intense desert sun, which heightened sweetness.","By the mid-1950s, the art form abruptly vanished. Flat-packed corrugated cardboard boxes with simple, cheap ink stamps took over because they were lighter to ship and far less labor-intensive than assembling wooden crates."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this collection reflect the history of citrus and vegetable crate labels through the early to mid-twentieth century. Most of the citrus labels were produced through the 1940s, with vegetable labels continuing through the early 1970s. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis collection is notable in that it contains labels from the four major players in the U.S. citrus market: California, Florida, Arizona, and Texas. This allows one to compare the approaches each state took in the creation of their labels (size, layout, etc.) as well as shared themes and themes unique to each state.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlso notable is the handful of labels from Australia, which are the only known overseas citrus crate labels in our collections.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMost labels are authentic, although there are a few reproductions present within the collection. As an educator, Professor Mack's surmised intent was to demonstrate the historical design of the labels rather than collecting them for profit or hobby. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The materials in this collection reflect the history of citrus and vegetable crate labels through the early to mid-twentieth century. Most of the citrus labels were produced through the 1940s, with vegetable labels continuing through the early 1970s. ","This collection is notable in that it contains labels from the four major players in the U.S. citrus market: California, Florida, Arizona, and Texas. This allows one to compare the approaches each state took in the creation of their labels (size, layout, etc.) as well as shared themes and themes unique to each state.","Also notable is the handful of labels from Australia, which are the only known overseas citrus crate labels in our collections.","Most labels are authentic, although there are a few reproductions present within the collection. As an educator, Professor Mack's surmised intent was to demonstrate the historical design of the labels rather than collecting them for profit or hobby. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is owned by Florida Southern College and is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["This collection is owned by Florida Southern College and is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."],"names_ssim":["Thomas B. Mack Florida Citrus Archives"],"corpname_ssim":["Thomas B. Mack Florida Citrus Archives"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":949,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"456875eab9536e3707a4b04f","timestamp":"2026-06-30T02:21:32.973Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/456875eab9536e3707a4b04f"}},{"id":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_54910","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Torreya State Park, 1928-1943","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_54910#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_54910","ref_ssm":["aspace_54910","aspace_54910"],"id":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_54910","title_filing_ssi":"Torreya State Park","title_ssm":["Torreya State Park"],"title_tesim":["Torreya State Park"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1928-1943"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1928-1943"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Torreya State Park, 1928-1943"],"text":["Torreya State Park, 1928-1943","Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014","Natural History, 1853-1997.","Folder 26","/repositories/4/archival_objects/34659","box 166","folder 26"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_54625"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014","Natural History, 1853-1997."],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014","Natural History, 1853-1997."],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["Folder 26","/repositories/4/archival_objects/34659"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":3390,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The entire collection is open for research except for the following:\n\n  Boxes 180-181: Personal correspondence\n  Boxes 213-214: Manuscript of \"Brazil: Orchid of the Tropics\"\n"],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder."],"date_range_isim":[1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943],"containers_ssim":["box 166","folder 26"],"_nest_path_":"/components#4/components#214","_nest_parent_":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_54625","_root_":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","timestamp":"2026-07-11T02:53:59.490Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","title_ssm":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection"],"title_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection"],"ead_ssi":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","unitdate_ssm":["1754-2014"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1754-2014"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 068","/repositories/4/resources/148"],"text":["SC 068","/repositories/4/resources/148","Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014","Marineland (Fla.)","Botany","Botany -- Brazil","Bromeliaceae","Bromelin","Cooking (Pineapples)","Pineapple","Plant hybridization","botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)","The entire collection is open for research except for the following:\n Boxes 180-181: Personal correspondence Boxes 213-214: Manuscript of \"Brazil: Orchid of the Tropics\"","The collection is divided into eight series by type of file.","Michael A. Spencer was born in Orlando and grew up in Winter Garden, Florida. He worked at Sand Hill Nursery near Lake Avalon and the Land of Bromeliads in Gotha before finding employment with Julian Nally. After the Nally estate was sold, Spencer worked for Racine Foster at Bromel-La. He graduated from UCF in 1990 summa cum laude with a BA in Liberal Studies and then found employment with Lyman B. Smith at the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History. Michael Spencer named a genus of bromeliads \"Racinaea\" in honor of Racine Foster. While engaged in his research, Spencer amassed this collection of materials concerning bromeliads and their collectors. He now lives in Frederick, Maryland where he has served on the Historic Preservation Commission since 2004.","Materials were rehoused in pH neutral folders and cartons. Photographs, negatives and slides were enclosed in polyester sleeves. Many of the materials were well organized and the arrangement was retained. The remainder were arranged by following the original arrangement as far as possible. Notes on folders were retained in the new folder. Paper clips were replaced with plastic clips or materials that belonged together were held together in a pH neutral paper sleeve. Loose-leaf notebooks that were badly rusted were discarded and the contents placed in folders. Items loose in the back of notebooks were foldered separately and marked accordingly. Notes from a film canister were written exactly as found as the label could not be removed. Albums falling apart were taken apart and foldered. Albums in reasonable condition had the photographs attached properly with corners and the pages interleaved to prevent sticking. Loose album pages in the Foster subseries on Plant Information were merely foldered as they were not in an album and were found without context. Collecion rehoused and finding aid revised by Chynna Thomas in 2023.","A large book collection accompanies this collection and may be accessed by performing a series search \"Michael A. Spencer Collection\" in the UCF Library  Online Catalog .  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Julian Nally ,  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Theodore Mead ,  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Henry Nehrling  and the  Henry Nehrling Papers  are also available in Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries. Some paintings by Mulford Foster are held at the  Harry P. Leu Gardens . The  Henry Nehrling Collection  and the  Theodore L. Mead Collection  are held at Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida. Lyman Smith's Papers are held at the  Smithsonian Institution Archives .","Series I: Mulford and Racine Foster Files, 1910-1991 documents the work of these two individuals in discovering and propagating bromeliads. Correspondence, publications, notebooks, drawings, research materials, memorabilia and photographs show all aspects of their work including plant collecting, landscape designing and publishing. Photographs may be black and white or color prints, negatives or slides. Additional materials about the Fosters may be found in Series II and III.","\nSeries II: Subject Files, 1880-2003 contains catalogues, journals, photographs, memorabilia and correspondence that Michael Spencer brought together under his chosen subject headings and arranged alphabetically. Many of the materials in this series originally came from Mulford and Racine Foster, which means that there is some overlap with the previous series. Spencer's own collecting interest lay in documenting the importance of bromeliads in society, and he collected many common items that showed bromeliads, especially pineapples.","\nSeries III: Author Files, 1754-1997 includes a variety of media used for research, such as articles, books, magazines, newspaper clippings, and photographs. There are a significant number of materials authored by Mulford and Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith, including original manuscripts.","\nSeries IV: Plants by Family Files, 1908-1990 contains alphabetical files on plant families, which include newspaper clippings, books and other research materials.","\nSeries V: Natural History Files, 1853-1997 holds alphabetical files on a wide range of natural history topics including plant societies, authors, drugs and diseases. The files contain published materials, photocopies, web resources, plant and geological samples that document's Michael's Spencer's considerable research interests.","\nSeries VI: Medicinal Files, 1988-1996 contains alphabetical files on diseases and therapies. Not all these files relate to plants though many of them concern natural therapies.","\nSeries VII: Lyman Smith Files: 1905-1994 holds alphabetical files that belonged to Lyman B. Smith. His notebooks, manscripts, teaching materials and correspondence may all be found here.","\nSeries VIII: Personal Files, 1863-2014 contains alphabetical files showing Spencer's interest in collecting books and his wide interests. Materials that do not clearly belong in the other series may be found here.","Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder.","Michael A. Spencer assembled this collection of publications, photographs, drawings, correspondence programs and other materials focusing on the discovery, taxonomy and cultivation of bromeliads. Mulford B. Foster, Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith are among the significant bromeliad collectors whose work is documented here.","UCF Special Collections","Bromeliad Society","Spencer, Michael A.","Smith, Lyman B.","Foster, Mulford B. (Mulford Bateman), 1888-1978","Foster, Racine, 1910-1991","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 068","/repositories/4/resources/148"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1754-2014"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014"],"collection_title_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014"],"collection_ssim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Marineland (Fla.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Marineland (Fla.)"],"creator_ssm":["Spencer, Michael A."],"creator_ssim":["Spencer, Michael A."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Spencer, Michael A."],"creators_ssim":["Spencer, Michael A."],"places_ssim":["Marineland (Fla.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Some of these materials were donated to and others were purchased by the University of Central Florida Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives from Michael A. Spencer in 2006 (CFM2006_09), 2011 (CFM2011_02), 2012 (CFM2012_10), and 2014 (CFM2014_01)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Botany","Botany -- Brazil","Bromeliaceae","Bromelin","Cooking (Pineapples)","Pineapple","Plant hybridization","botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Botany","Botany -- Brazil","Bromeliaceae","Bromelin","Cooking (Pineapples)","Pineapple","Plant hybridization","botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["130 Linear Feet 259 boxes, 2 flat files"],"extent_tesim":["130 Linear Feet 259 boxes, 2 flat files"],"genreform_ssim":["botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)"],"date_range_isim":[1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research except for the following:\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eBoxes 180-181: Personal correspondence\u003c/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eBoxes 213-214: Manuscript of \"Brazil: Orchid of the Tropics\"\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research except for the following:\n Boxes 180-181: Personal correspondence Boxes 213-214: Manuscript of \"Brazil: Orchid of the Tropics\""],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into eight series by type of file.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into eight series by type of file."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMichael A. Spencer was born in Orlando and grew up in Winter Garden, Florida. He worked at Sand Hill Nursery near Lake Avalon and the Land of Bromeliads in Gotha before finding employment with Julian Nally. After the Nally estate was sold, Spencer worked for Racine Foster at Bromel-La. He graduated from UCF in 1990 summa cum laude with a BA in Liberal Studies and then found employment with Lyman B. Smith at the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History. Michael Spencer named a genus of bromeliads \"Racinaea\" in honor of Racine Foster. While engaged in his research, Spencer amassed this collection of materials concerning bromeliads and their collectors. He now lives in Frederick, Maryland where he has served on the Historic Preservation Commission since 2004.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer was born in Orlando and grew up in Winter Garden, Florida. He worked at Sand Hill Nursery near Lake Avalon and the Land of Bromeliads in Gotha before finding employment with Julian Nally. After the Nally estate was sold, Spencer worked for Racine Foster at Bromel-La. He graduated from UCF in 1990 summa cum laude with a BA in Liberal Studies and then found employment with Lyman B. Smith at the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History. Michael Spencer named a genus of bromeliads \"Racinaea\" in honor of Racine Foster. While engaged in his research, Spencer amassed this collection of materials concerning bromeliads and their collectors. He now lives in Frederick, Maryland where he has served on the Historic Preservation Commission since 2004."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMichael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials were rehoused in pH neutral folders and cartons. Photographs, negatives and slides were enclosed in polyester sleeves. Many of the materials were well organized and the arrangement was retained. The remainder were arranged by following the original arrangement as far as possible. Notes on folders were retained in the new folder. Paper clips were replaced with plastic clips or materials that belonged together were held together in a pH neutral paper sleeve. Loose-leaf notebooks that were badly rusted were discarded and the contents placed in folders. Items loose in the back of notebooks were foldered separately and marked accordingly. Notes from a film canister were written exactly as found as the label could not be removed. Albums falling apart were taken apart and foldered. Albums in reasonable condition had the photographs attached properly with corners and the pages interleaved to prevent sticking. Loose album pages in the Foster subseries on Plant Information were merely foldered as they were not in an album and were found without context. Collecion rehoused and finding aid revised by Chynna Thomas in 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Materials were rehoused in pH neutral folders and cartons. Photographs, negatives and slides were enclosed in polyester sleeves. Many of the materials were well organized and the arrangement was retained. The remainder were arranged by following the original arrangement as far as possible. Notes on folders were retained in the new folder. Paper clips were replaced with plastic clips or materials that belonged together were held together in a pH neutral paper sleeve. Loose-leaf notebooks that were badly rusted were discarded and the contents placed in folders. Items loose in the back of notebooks were foldered separately and marked accordingly. Notes from a film canister were written exactly as found as the label could not be removed. Albums falling apart were taken apart and foldered. Albums in reasonable condition had the photographs attached properly with corners and the pages interleaved to prevent sticking. Loose album pages in the Foster subseries on Plant Information were merely foldered as they were not in an album and were found without context. Collecion rehoused and finding aid revised by Chynna Thomas in 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA large book collection accompanies this collection and may be accessed by performing a series search \"Michael A. Spencer Collection\" in the UCF Library \u003cextref href=\"https://library.ucf.edu\"\u003eOnline Catalog\u003c/extref\u003e. \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2006-08c\"\u003eMichael A. Spencer Collection on Julian Nally\u003c/extref\u003e, \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2006-08b\"\u003eMichael A. Spencer Collection on Theodore Mead\u003c/extref\u003e, \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2006-08a\"\u003eMichael A. Spencer Collection on Henry Nehrling\u003c/extref\u003e and the \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM1999-03\"\u003eHenry Nehrling Papers\u003c/extref\u003e are also available in Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries. Some paintings by Mulford Foster are held at the \u003cextref href=\"http://www.leugardens.org/\"\u003eHarry P. Leu Gardens\u003c/extref\u003e. The \u003cextref href=\"https://aspace.rollins.edu/repositories/2/resources/4\"\u003eHenry Nehrling Collection\u003c/extref\u003e and the \u003cextref href=\"https://aspace.rollins.edu/repositories/2/resources/97\"\u003eTheodore L. Mead Collection\u003c/extref\u003e are held at Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida. Lyman Smith's Papers are held at the \u003cextref href=\"http://siarchives.si.edu/\"\u003eSmithsonian Institution Archives\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["A large book collection accompanies this collection and may be accessed by performing a series search \"Michael A. Spencer Collection\" in the UCF Library  Online Catalog .  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Julian Nally ,  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Theodore Mead ,  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Henry Nehrling  and the  Henry Nehrling Papers  are also available in Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries. Some paintings by Mulford Foster are held at the  Harry P. Leu Gardens . The  Henry Nehrling Collection  and the  Theodore L. Mead Collection  are held at Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida. Lyman Smith's Papers are held at the  Smithsonian Institution Archives ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Mulford and Racine Foster Files, 1910-1991 documents the work of these two individuals in discovering and propagating bromeliads. Correspondence, publications, notebooks, drawings, research materials, memorabilia and photographs show all aspects of their work including plant collecting, landscape designing and publishing. Photographs may be black and white or color prints, negatives or slides. Additional materials about the Fosters may be found in Series II and III.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries II: Subject Files, 1880-2003 contains catalogues, journals, photographs, memorabilia and correspondence that Michael Spencer brought together under his chosen subject headings and arranged alphabetically. Many of the materials in this series originally came from Mulford and Racine Foster, which means that there is some overlap with the previous series. Spencer's own collecting interest lay in documenting the importance of bromeliads in society, and he collected many common items that showed bromeliads, especially pineapples.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries III: Author Files, 1754-1997 includes a variety of media used for research, such as articles, books, magazines, newspaper clippings, and photographs. There are a significant number of materials authored by Mulford and Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith, including original manuscripts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries IV: Plants by Family Files, 1908-1990 contains alphabetical files on plant families, which include newspaper clippings, books and other research materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries V: Natural History Files, 1853-1997 holds alphabetical files on a wide range of natural history topics including plant societies, authors, drugs and diseases. The files contain published materials, photocopies, web resources, plant and geological samples that document's Michael's Spencer's considerable research interests.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VI: Medicinal Files, 1988-1996 contains alphabetical files on diseases and therapies. Not all these files relate to plants though many of them concern natural therapies.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VII: Lyman Smith Files: 1905-1994 holds alphabetical files that belonged to Lyman B. Smith. His notebooks, manscripts, teaching materials and correspondence may all be found here.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VIII: Personal Files, 1863-2014 contains alphabetical files showing Spencer's interest in collecting books and his wide interests. Materials that do not clearly belong in the other series may be found here.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Series I: Mulford and Racine Foster Files, 1910-1991 documents the work of these two individuals in discovering and propagating bromeliads. Correspondence, publications, notebooks, drawings, research materials, memorabilia and photographs show all aspects of their work including plant collecting, landscape designing and publishing. Photographs may be black and white or color prints, negatives or slides. Additional materials about the Fosters may be found in Series II and III.","\nSeries II: Subject Files, 1880-2003 contains catalogues, journals, photographs, memorabilia and correspondence that Michael Spencer brought together under his chosen subject headings and arranged alphabetically. Many of the materials in this series originally came from Mulford and Racine Foster, which means that there is some overlap with the previous series. Spencer's own collecting interest lay in documenting the importance of bromeliads in society, and he collected many common items that showed bromeliads, especially pineapples.","\nSeries III: Author Files, 1754-1997 includes a variety of media used for research, such as articles, books, magazines, newspaper clippings, and photographs. There are a significant number of materials authored by Mulford and Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith, including original manuscripts.","\nSeries IV: Plants by Family Files, 1908-1990 contains alphabetical files on plant families, which include newspaper clippings, books and other research materials.","\nSeries V: Natural History Files, 1853-1997 holds alphabetical files on a wide range of natural history topics including plant societies, authors, drugs and diseases. The files contain published materials, photocopies, web resources, plant and geological samples that document's Michael's Spencer's considerable research interests.","\nSeries VI: Medicinal Files, 1988-1996 contains alphabetical files on diseases and therapies. Not all these files relate to plants though many of them concern natural therapies.","\nSeries VII: Lyman Smith Files: 1905-1994 holds alphabetical files that belonged to Lyman B. Smith. His notebooks, manscripts, teaching materials and correspondence may all be found here.","\nSeries VIII: Personal Files, 1863-2014 contains alphabetical files showing Spencer's interest in collecting books and his wide interests. Materials that do not clearly belong in the other series may be found here."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Copyright Statement"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_8e33310d6b1a70e4d88f1e2d3043cf71\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eMichael A. Spencer assembled this collection of publications, photographs, drawings, correspondence programs and other materials focusing on the discovery, taxonomy and cultivation of bromeliads. Mulford B. Foster, Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith are among the significant bromeliad collectors whose work is documented here.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Michael A. 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