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Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact Special Collections. 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The CPS program was set up by members of the historic peace churches (Mennonites, Brethren, and Quakers) and participated in by pacifists from other churches, of no specific religious persuasion, and, in the case of a few, no persuasion except not to fight in that particular war. CPS men worked as aides in mental hospitals, volunteered as smoke jumpers in forest fires, and participated in grueling medical and scientific experiments.  Frazer and O'Sullivan use the oral histories of 15 CPS men and two of their wives to illuminate their experience during World War II. ","Heather T. Frazer (1940 – 2016) was a professor of history at Florida Atlantic University. In 1971, she became the first female faculty member in the FAU history department where she taught for 35 years before retiring in 2006. During her tenure, she served as Department Chair and Director of Graduate Studies. She also pioneered the study of women's history at FAU, helping establish the Women's Studies program, which is now the Center for Women, Gender and Sexuality Studies. Dr. Frazer taught courses in women's history, modern Britain and British Empire, Indian history, and oral history.","John O'Sullivan (1939-2000) was a professor of history at Florida Atlantic University. In 1971, he came to Florida Atlantic University where he served as chair of the History Department (1975-1978) and devoted his entire academic career. Dr. O'Sullivan received numerous research fellowships including the American Philosophical Society, the American Historical Association, and the Sloan Foundation. His areas of specialization were World War II, Vietnam War, Nuclear Age, the Holocaust, Peace History, Oral History and Modern American Political and Diplomatic Affairs."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. Any subsequent use of a reproduction in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement. When using electronic copies or images, please keep in mind that copyright law applies. It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder. Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact Special Collections. See less See less\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. Any subsequent use of a reproduction in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement. When using electronic copies or images, please keep in mind that copyright law applies. It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder. Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact Special Collections. 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unmarked linen postcard depicting the lush, highly-decorated interior of the Court of Lions located in the Lightner Museum of Hobbies."],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["bf94ada4377f2dbc813062ab","bf94ada4377f2dbc813062ab_aspace_20459"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Vintage Florida Postcards, 1930-2025","St. Augustine Postcards, 1938-1960"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Vintage Florida Postcards, 1930-2025","St. Augustine Postcards, 1938-1960"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","File"],"unitid_ssm":["Item 1","/repositories/2/archival_objects/5256"],"repository_ssim":["Florida Gulf Coast University Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Vintage Florida Postcards, 1930-2025"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":51,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open and available for research."],"date_range_isim":[1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960],"geogname_ssim":["Saint Augustine (Fla.)"],"geogname_ssm":["Saint Augustine (Fla.)"],"places_ssim":["Saint Augustine (Fla.)"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Postcards.\t"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Postcards.\t"],"language_ssim":["English"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAn unmarked linen postcard depicting the lush, highly-decorated interior of the Court of Lions located in the Lightner Museum of Hobbies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["An unmarked linen postcard depicting the lush, highly-decorated interior of the Court of Lions located in the Lightner Museum of 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Special Collections","Dexter Press (West Nyack, New York)","Sell, William, Mrs.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["02/01/44","/repositories/2/resources/109"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1930-2025"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Vintage Florida Postcards, 1930-2025"],"collection_title_tesim":["Vintage Florida Postcards, 1930-2025"],"collection_ssim":["Vintage Florida Postcards, 1930-2025"],"repository_ssm":["Florida Gulf Coast University Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["Florida Gulf Coast University Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Florida.","Seminole Tribe of Florida.","Photography.","Tourism--Florida."],"geogname_ssim":["Florida.","Seminole Tribe of Florida.","Photography.","Tourism--Florida."],"places_ssim":["Florida.","Seminole Tribe of Florida.","Photography.","Tourism--Florida."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Florida--Postcards","Postcards.\t"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Florida--Postcards","Postcards.\t"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".5 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":[".5 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024,2025],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open and available for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open and available for research."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials included in the Vintage Florida Postcard collection include postcards from regions spanning the State of Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Materials included in the Vintage Florida Postcard collection include postcards from regions spanning the State of Florida."],"names_ssim":["Florida Gulf Coast University Special Collections","Dexter Press (West Nyack, New York)","Sell, William, Mrs."],"corpname_ssim":["Florida Gulf Coast University Special Collections","Dexter Press (West Nyack, New York)"],"persname_ssim":["Sell, William, Mrs."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content 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C."],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1942-1945"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1942-1945"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Cox, Oliver C., 1942-1945"],"text":["Cox, Oliver C., 1942-1945","Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006","Writings by others","/repositories/2/archival_objects/29181","box 50","folder 4"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62","5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62_aspace_60421e776c845bf7cd0dc7e916c56d99"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006","Writings by others"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006","Writings by others"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/2/archival_objects/29181"],"repository_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":1164,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The Niara Sudarkasa 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open for research.","View a selection of digitized materials from the Niara Sudarkasa Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives.","Niara Sudarkasa, born Gloria Albertha Marshall to a Bahamian immigrant family on August 14, 1938, in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, demonstrated exceptional academic promise from an early age. She graduated from Dillard High School at just 14 years old and, at 15, entered Fisk University on a Ford Foundation scholarship to study English. Her intellectual journey deepened at Oberlin College, where exposure to courses on the African diaspora inspired her to change her major to Sociology-Anthropology, earning her bachelor's degree in 1957.","Gloria enrolled at Columbia University in New York, where she pursued graduate studies in Anthropology. She earned both her Master's (1959) and Ph.D. degrees in (1964), becoming the first African American woman to teach at Columbia University. Following the completion of her doctorate, Dr. Sudarkasa was appointed assistant professor of anthropology at New York University (1970-1976), again marking a historic first for an African American woman. ","Gloria Albertha Marshall adopted the name Niara Sudarkasa to reflect her evolving identity as a cultural bridge between African Americans and continental Africans. Her name change marked a deepening commitment to diasporic connection and cultural reclamation.\nAt the University of Michigan, Dr. Sudarkasa continued to break barriers, becoming the first African American faculty member in the Department of Anthropology. From 1978 to 1981, she served as Associate Director of the Center for Afro-American and African Studies, advancing scholarship and institutional support for African diaspora research.","In 1986, she became the first female president of Lincoln University in Pennsylvania, a role she held until 1998. Her scholarship increasingly centered on the lives of women in West Africa and the enduring strength of the Black family. Her work in Nigeria earned her recognition from the royal court: in 2001, His Royal Majesty Aláyélúwà Ọba Ọkúnadé Sijuwade Olúbùsẹ II of the Royal Court of Ifẹ́ conferred upon her the chieftaincy title Yèyé Olókun Ìgbàdérò. She was the first African American to receive this honor from the Ifẹ́ Kingdom.","Following her retirement from higher education, Dr. Sudarkasa returned to her hometown of Fort Lauderdale, Florida, where she became the first scholar-in-residence at the newly opened African American Research Library and Cultural Center in 2002.\nDr. Sudarkasa was married to John L. Clark and was the mother of Michael Sudarkasa. She passed away on May 31, 2019, at the age of 80, leaving behind a legacy of scholarship, leadership, and cultural stewardship.","The Niara Sudarkasa Collection received container level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection. ","Parts of the collection have received file level processing. From January 2022 to May 2024, FIU interns, Emmanuel George, and Dominique St. Victor processed \"Series I. Correspondence\" and \"Series III. Professional Papers, Sub-series 1. Writings by Niara Sudarkasa and Sub-series 2. Writings by Others\" as part of the WPHL-FIU Community Data Curation grant.","The Niara Sudarkasa Collection documents the career of anthropologist, Africanist, professor, and university president Dr. Niara Sudarkasa. The collection contains correspondence, scholarly writings, publications, research files, audio visual materials, awards, and business papers dating from 1934 to 2006. The collection also includes Dr. Sudarka's personal library of more than 2,500 books, journals, and pamphlets. The collection highlights Dr. Sudarkasa's professional achievements including becoming the first woman president of Lincoln University in Pennsylvania and first Black faculty member of the Anthropology Department at the University of Michigan. Her papers are a unique resource on Yoruba language and culture, ethnic groups in higher education, and the Black Power Movement in the United States. They also document her work to strengthen international programs at Lincoln and the University of Michigan.","Books from this collection were cataloged in the Broward County Library catalog with the prefix \"SUD\".","AARLCC Special Collections","University of Michigan. Department of Anthropology","Lincoln University (Pa.)","Sudarkasa, Niara","English"],"unitid_tesim":["AARLCC.2006.4","/repositories/2/resources/51"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1934-2006"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006"],"collection_title_tesim":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006"],"collection_ssim":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006"],"repository_ssm":["AARLCC Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections"],"creator_ssm":["Sudarkasa, Niara"],"creator_ssim":["Sudarkasa, Niara"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Sudarkasa, Niara"],"creators_ssim":["Sudarkasa, Niara"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Dr. Niara Sudarkasa donated the materials to the AARLCC Special Collections on October 17, 2006 (Accession AARLCC-2006.4)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Bahamian Americans","Correspondence","Photographs","plaques (flat objects)","Periodicals"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Bahamian Americans","Correspondence","Photographs","plaques (flat objects)","Periodicals"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["400 Hollinger Boxes","410 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["400 Hollinger Boxes","410 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Photographs","plaques (flat objects)","Periodicals"],"date_range_isim":[1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Niara Sudarkasa Collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The Niara Sudarkasa Collection is open for research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://digitalarchives.broward.org/digital/collection/nsb\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eView a selection of digitized materials from the Niara Sudarkasa Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Digitized Materials"],"altformavail_tesim":["View a selection of digitized materials from the Niara Sudarkasa Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNiara Sudarkasa, born Gloria Albertha Marshall to a Bahamian immigrant family on August 14, 1938, in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, demonstrated exceptional academic promise from an early age. She graduated from Dillard High School at just 14 years old and, at 15, entered Fisk University on a Ford Foundation scholarship to study English. Her intellectual journey deepened at Oberlin College, where exposure to courses on the African diaspora inspired her to change her major to Sociology-Anthropology, earning her bachelor's degree in 1957.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGloria enrolled at Columbia University in New York, where she pursued graduate studies in Anthropology. She earned both her Master's (1959) and Ph.D. degrees in (1964), becoming the first African American woman to teach at Columbia University. Following the completion of her doctorate, Dr. Sudarkasa was appointed assistant professor of anthropology at New York University (1970-1976), again marking a historic first for an African American woman. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGloria Albertha Marshall adopted the name Niara Sudarkasa to reflect her evolving identity as a cultural bridge between African Americans and continental Africans. Her name change marked a deepening commitment to diasporic connection and cultural reclamation.\nAt the University of Michigan, Dr. Sudarkasa continued to break barriers, becoming the first African American faculty member in the Department of Anthropology. From 1978 to 1981, she served as Associate Director of the Center for Afro-American and African Studies, advancing scholarship and institutional support for African diaspora research.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1986, she became the first female president of Lincoln University in Pennsylvania, a role she held until 1998. Her scholarship increasingly centered on the lives of women in West Africa and the enduring strength of the Black family. Her work in Nigeria earned her recognition from the royal court: in 2001, His Royal Majesty Al\u0026#xE1;y\u0026#xE9;l\u0026#xFA;w\u0026#xE0; \u0026#x1ECC;ba \u0026#x1ECC;k\u0026#xFA;nad\u0026#xE9; Sijuwade Ol\u0026#xFA;b\u0026#xF9;s\u0026#x1EB9; II of the Royal Court of If\u0026#x1EB9;\u0026#x301; conferred upon her the chieftaincy title Y\u0026#xE8;y\u0026#xE9; Ol\u0026#xF3;kun \u0026#xCC;gb\u0026#xE0;d\u0026#xE9;r\u0026#xF2;. She was the first African American to receive this honor from the If\u0026#x1EB9;\u0026#x301; Kingdom.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFollowing her retirement from higher education, Dr. Sudarkasa returned to her hometown of Fort Lauderdale, Florida, where she became the first scholar-in-residence at the newly opened African American Research Library and Cultural Center in 2002.\nDr. Sudarkasa was married to John L. Clark and was the mother of Michael Sudarkasa. She passed away on May 31, 2019, at the age of 80, leaving behind a legacy of scholarship, leadership, and cultural stewardship.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Niara Sudarkasa, born Gloria Albertha Marshall to a Bahamian immigrant family on August 14, 1938, in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, demonstrated exceptional academic promise from an early age. She graduated from Dillard High School at just 14 years old and, at 15, entered Fisk University on a Ford Foundation scholarship to study English. Her intellectual journey deepened at Oberlin College, where exposure to courses on the African diaspora inspired her to change her major to Sociology-Anthropology, earning her bachelor's degree in 1957.","Gloria enrolled at Columbia University in New York, where she pursued graduate studies in Anthropology. She earned both her Master's (1959) and Ph.D. degrees in (1964), becoming the first African American woman to teach at Columbia University. Following the completion of her doctorate, Dr. Sudarkasa was appointed assistant professor of anthropology at New York University (1970-1976), again marking a historic first for an African American woman. ","Gloria Albertha Marshall adopted the name Niara Sudarkasa to reflect her evolving identity as a cultural bridge between African Americans and continental Africans. Her name change marked a deepening commitment to diasporic connection and cultural reclamation.\nAt the University of Michigan, Dr. Sudarkasa continued to break barriers, becoming the first African American faculty member in the Department of Anthropology. From 1978 to 1981, she served as Associate Director of the Center for Afro-American and African Studies, advancing scholarship and institutional support for African diaspora research.","In 1986, she became the first female president of Lincoln University in Pennsylvania, a role she held until 1998. Her scholarship increasingly centered on the lives of women in West Africa and the enduring strength of the Black family. Her work in Nigeria earned her recognition from the royal court: in 2001, His Royal Majesty Aláyélúwà Ọba Ọkúnadé Sijuwade Olúbùsẹ II of the Royal Court of Ifẹ́ conferred upon her the chieftaincy title Yèyé Olókun Ìgbàdérò. She was the first African American to receive this honor from the Ifẹ́ Kingdom.","Following her retirement from higher education, Dr. Sudarkasa returned to her hometown of Fort Lauderdale, Florida, where she became the first scholar-in-residence at the newly opened African American Research Library and Cultural Center in 2002.\nDr. Sudarkasa was married to John L. Clark and was the mother of Michael Sudarkasa. She passed away on May 31, 2019, at the age of 80, leaving behind a legacy of scholarship, leadership, and cultural stewardship."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNiara Sudarkasa Collection, African American Research Library and Cultural Center Special Collections, Broward County Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection, African American Research Library and Cultural Center Special Collections, Broward County Library."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Niara Sudarkasa Collection received container level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParts of the collection have received file level processing. From January 2022 to May 2024, FIU interns, Emmanuel George, and Dominique St. Victor processed \"Series I. Correspondence\" and \"Series III. Professional Papers, Sub-series 1. Writings by Niara Sudarkasa and Sub-series 2. Writings by Others\" as part of the WPHL-FIU Community Data Curation grant.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The Niara Sudarkasa Collection received container level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection. ","Parts of the collection have received file level processing. From January 2022 to May 2024, FIU interns, Emmanuel George, and Dominique St. Victor processed \"Series I. Correspondence\" and \"Series III. Professional Papers, Sub-series 1. Writings by Niara Sudarkasa and Sub-series 2. Writings by Others\" as part of the WPHL-FIU Community Data Curation grant."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Niara Sudarkasa Collection documents the career of anthropologist, Africanist, professor, and university president Dr. Niara Sudarkasa. The collection contains correspondence, scholarly writings, publications, research files, audio visual materials, awards, and business papers dating from 1934 to 2006. The collection also includes Dr. Sudarka's personal library of more than 2,500 books, journals, and pamphlets. The collection highlights Dr. Sudarkasa's professional achievements including becoming the first woman president of Lincoln University in Pennsylvania and first Black faculty member of the Anthropology Department at the University of Michigan. Her papers are a unique resource on Yoruba language and culture, ethnic groups in higher education, and the Black Power Movement in the United States. They also document her work to strengthen international programs at Lincoln and the University of Michigan.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Niara Sudarkasa Collection documents the career of anthropologist, Africanist, professor, and university president Dr. Niara Sudarkasa. The collection contains correspondence, scholarly writings, publications, research files, audio visual materials, awards, and business papers dating from 1934 to 2006. The collection also includes Dr. Sudarka's personal library of more than 2,500 books, journals, and pamphlets. The collection highlights Dr. Sudarkasa's professional achievements including becoming the first woman president of Lincoln University in Pennsylvania and first Black faculty member of the Anthropology Department at the University of Michigan. Her papers are a unique resource on Yoruba language and culture, ethnic groups in higher education, and the Black Power Movement in the United States. They also document her work to strengthen international programs at Lincoln and the University of Michigan."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://broward.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/results?qu=SUD\u0026amp;qf=LOCATION%09Shelf+Location%091%3AAF-SPC%09AARLCC+Special+Collections\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBooks from this collection were cataloged in the Broward County Library catalog with the prefix \"SUD\".\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Access the Books"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Books from this collection were cataloged in the Broward County Library catalog with the prefix \"SUD\"."],"names_coll_ssim":["University of Michigan. Department of Anthropology","Lincoln University (Pa.)"],"names_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections","University of Michigan. Department of Anthropology","Lincoln University (Pa.)","Sudarkasa, Niara"],"corpname_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections","University of Michigan. Department of Anthropology","Lincoln University (Pa.)"],"persname_ssim":["Sudarkasa, Niara"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":2760,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62","timestamp":"2026-04-21T02:08:51.248Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62_aspace_eee85c01c672610189e640e0d49707fb"}},{"id":"14db475840c3f0514acc0559","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"C. Perry Snell papers, 1898-1951, bulk 1912-1924","creator":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/14db475840c3f0514acc0559#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["Snell, C. Perry, 1869-1942"],"label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/14db475840c3f0514acc0559#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["This collection consists of letters and documents related to the Snell/Barnard land transaction in 1913, as well as other documents and an architectural rendering of the Snell House from 1913-1951."],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/14db475840c3f0514acc0559#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"14db475840c3f0514acc0559","title_ssm":["C. Perry Snell papers"],"title_tesim":["C. Perry Snell papers"],"ead_ssi":"14db475840c3f0514acc0559","unitdate_ssm":["1898-1951","1912-1924"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1912-1924"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1898-1951"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["File","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SP-MS-2007-02","/repositories/3/resources/649"],"text":["SP-MS-2007-02","/repositories/3/resources/649","C. Perry Snell papers, 1898-1951, bulk 1912-1924","Pinellas County (Fla.)","Architecture -- Conservation and restoration -- Florida","Historic preservation","None.","C. Perry Snell became a prominent developer of St. Petersburg's North Shore, the Old Northeast, and Snell Isle communities. Snell acquired tracts of land between 26th Avenue North and 30 th Avenue North, east of First Street North to Coffee Pot Bayou from the Erastus A. Barnard family of Chicago. Although documents in this collection have inclusive dates from 1898 through 1951, most of the materials relate to the 1913 land sale. These materials were acquired by purchase from Lighthouse Books through the Society for Advancement of Poynter Library. ","Notable materials in this collection include correspondence between George T. Turner and Barnard from 1912. Barnard asked for a $40,000 deposit, which represented one-quarter of the price. The full $160,000 was expected to be paid in ten years, at six percent interest, before the deed would be granted. Turner, who later developed Sunken Gardens in St. Petersburg, acted as an intermediary and was to receive a commission of 2.5 percent. Turner protested requiring the amount to be paid in full, since apparently it would deter buyers. Barnard, however, insisted on the full amount, fearing that he would be left holding undesirable portions of land. ","In November 1912, Turner found someone, presumably Snell, willing to agree to a binder of $20,000, and apparently Turner decided to front the rest until the full amount was paid. On December 6, 1912, Erastus Barnard transmitted the deed for \"the Northeast one-quarter, (1/4,) of Section Seven (7), and the West one-half, (½,) of the Northwest one-quarter, (1/4,) of Section Eight, (8,) Township Thirty-One (31,) South, Range Seventeen, (17,) East in Pinellas County Florida and another lot from the deceased Alice Barnard for $160,000 to the Central National Bank of St. Petersburg, Florida. ","A Central National Bank representative described Snell as an eastern syndicate who \"now seems more interested in Tampa property who was willing to bargain if Barnard would accept $25,000 now and another $25,000 in thirty days.\" ","Correspondence from Snell to Barnard in December 1912 suggested they were well-acquainted. \"I trust that your health will improve enough for you to come down for your usual winters stay,\" Snell mentioned in a letter. Barnard's responses had a more businesslike tone. A January 8, 1913 letter from Barnard to J.J. Berry tells Berry to stop working on his orange grove on the land, presumably since Snell would soon take control of the parcel. ","Most of the correspondence is in \"land-deal-legalese,\" but some of the letters are more personal. In one, Snell asked E.A. Barnard for financial assistance and apparently tried to win his trust over Turner, who Snell claimed was acting dishonorably and selfishly. Snell ran into some trouble with Turner in 1913 when showing some of Barnard's land to a Mr. Johnson of Washington. Turner and Snell agreed to split any commissions on this sale, but then Snell accused Turner of trying to claim it all. On a related deal, Snell said that Turner asked him to claim a commission and split it with Turner so that Turner would not have to split his share with his own business partner. In the same letter to Barnard, Snell asked for an extension for $4,000 from his $25,000 bill. Barnard later granted the request but clearly was not pleased. ","In the fall of 1913, Snell wrote that progress was being made on the land, but that it was expensive and therefore asked for an extension. \"I have before me 24 contracts all past due upon which the parties have asked an extension and there is nothing to do but grant it. [...] We have 24 teams and 40 men going now. We have hard surfaced streets, curbs, and cement walks and every block graded on all streets East of Locust Street. Lot of property ready for the market this winter. Mr. Hamlett and myself will both build nice homes on the Bayou this winter.\" ","All of Snell's correspondence after 1913 is typed on letterhead, and more formal. The years of World War I were apparently bad for Snell. \"Our losses in the depression of the past 4 years caused by the war will run into the hundreds of thousands of dollars, but we have taken our losses; and believe that a new era of prosperity in St. Petersburg is just arriving [...]\" On March 13, 1919, Snell wrote that he has \"recently purchased Mr. Hamlett's interest in the firm.\" In correspondence between Snell and Alice Howe, Snell is sometimes late on his payments. Each time Howe reminds him he will have to pay interest on the accumulating interest. ","This collection was originally published in 2007 and was updated in 2024.","Materials related to real estate transaction and construction of the C. Perry Snell House.","None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information.","This collection consists of letters and documents related to the Snell/Barnard land transaction in 1913, as well as other documents and an architectural rendering of the Snell House from 1913-1951.","USF Libraries - St. Petersburg Special Collections \u0026 University Archives","Snell, C. Perry, 1869-1942","Cunningham, Harry F. (Harry Francis Cunningham), 1888-1959","Barnard, E. A. (Erastus A. Barnard)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SP-MS-2007-02","/repositories/3/resources/649"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1898-1951, bulk 1912-1924"],"normalized_title_ssm":["C. Perry Snell papers, 1898-1951, bulk 1912-1924"],"collection_title_tesim":["C. Perry Snell papers, 1898-1951, bulk 1912-1924"],"collection_ssim":["C. Perry Snell papers, 1898-1951, bulk 1912-1924"],"repository_ssm":["USF Libraries - St. Petersburg Special Collections \u0026 University Archives"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - St. Petersburg Special Collections \u0026 University Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Pinellas County (Fla.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Pinellas County (Fla.)"],"creator_ssm":["Snell, C. Perry, 1869-1942","Cunningham, Harry F. (Harry Francis Cunningham), 1888-1959"],"creator_ssim":["Snell, C. Perry, 1869-1942","Cunningham, Harry F. (Harry Francis Cunningham), 1888-1959"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Snell, C. Perry, 1869-1942","Cunningham, Harry F. (Harry Francis Cunningham), 1888-1959"],"creators_ssim":["Snell, C. Perry, 1869-1942","Cunningham, Harry F. (Harry Francis Cunningham), 1888-1959"],"places_ssim":["Pinellas County (Fla.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Architecture -- Conservation and restoration -- Florida","Historic preservation"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Architecture -- Conservation and restoration -- Florida","Historic preservation"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["2 boxes"],"physfacet_tesim":["1 half-size document box and 1 oversized archival box"],"date_range_isim":[1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["None."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eC. Perry Snell became a prominent developer of St. Petersburg's North Shore, the Old Northeast, and Snell Isle communities. Snell acquired tracts of land between 26th Avenue North and 30 th Avenue North, east of First Street North to Coffee Pot Bayou from the Erastus A. Barnard family of Chicago. Although documents in this collection have inclusive dates from 1898 through 1951, most of the materials relate to the 1913 land sale. These materials were acquired by purchase from Lighthouse Books through the Society for Advancement of Poynter Library. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNotable materials in this collection include correspondence between George T. Turner and Barnard from 1912. Barnard asked for a $40,000 deposit, which represented one-quarter of the price. The full $160,000 was expected to be paid in ten years, at six percent interest, before the deed would be granted. Turner, who later developed Sunken Gardens in St. Petersburg, acted as an intermediary and was to receive a commission of 2.5 percent. Turner protested requiring the amount to be paid in full, since apparently it would deter buyers. Barnard, however, insisted on the full amount, fearing that he would be left holding undesirable portions of land. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn November 1912, Turner found someone, presumably Snell, willing to agree to a binder of $20,000, and apparently Turner decided to front the rest until the full amount was paid. On December 6, 1912, Erastus Barnard transmitted the deed for \"the Northeast one-quarter, (1/4,) of Section Seven (7), and the West one-half, (\u0026#xBD;,) of the Northwest one-quarter, (1/4,) of Section Eight, (8,) Township Thirty-One (31,) South, Range Seventeen, (17,) East in Pinellas County Florida and another lot from the deceased Alice Barnard for $160,000 to the Central National Bank of St. Petersburg, Florida. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA Central National Bank representative described Snell as an eastern syndicate who \"now seems more interested in Tampa property who was willing to bargain if Barnard would accept $25,000 now and another $25,000 in thirty days.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence from Snell to Barnard in December 1912 suggested they were well-acquainted. \"I trust that your health will improve enough for you to come down for your usual winters stay,\" Snell mentioned in a letter. Barnard's responses had a more businesslike tone. A January 8, 1913 letter from Barnard to J.J. Berry tells Berry to stop working on his orange grove on the land, presumably since Snell would soon take control of the parcel. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMost of the correspondence is in \"land-deal-legalese,\" but some of the letters are more personal. In one, Snell asked E.A. Barnard for financial assistance and apparently tried to win his trust over Turner, who Snell claimed was acting dishonorably and selfishly. Snell ran into some trouble with Turner in 1913 when showing some of Barnard's land to a Mr. Johnson of Washington. Turner and Snell agreed to split any commissions on this sale, but then Snell accused Turner of trying to claim it all. On a related deal, Snell said that Turner asked him to claim a commission and split it with Turner so that Turner would not have to split his share with his own business partner. In the same letter to Barnard, Snell asked for an extension for $4,000 from his $25,000 bill. Barnard later granted the request but clearly was not pleased. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the fall of 1913, Snell wrote that progress was being made on the land, but that it was expensive and therefore asked for an extension. \"I have before me 24 contracts all past due upon which the parties have asked an extension and there is nothing to do but grant it. [...] We have 24 teams and 40 men going now. We have hard surfaced streets, curbs, and cement walks and every block graded on all streets East of Locust Street. Lot of property ready for the market this winter. Mr. Hamlett and myself will both build nice homes on the Bayou this winter.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAll of Snell's correspondence after 1913 is typed on letterhead, and more formal. The years of World War I were apparently bad for Snell. \"Our losses in the depression of the past 4 years caused by the war will run into the hundreds of thousands of dollars, but we have taken our losses; and believe that a new era of prosperity in St. Petersburg is just arriving [...]\" On March 13, 1919, Snell wrote that he has \"recently purchased Mr. Hamlett's interest in the firm.\" In correspondence between Snell and Alice Howe, Snell is sometimes late on his payments. Each time Howe reminds him he will have to pay interest on the accumulating interest. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["C. Perry Snell became a prominent developer of St. Petersburg's North Shore, the Old Northeast, and Snell Isle communities. Snell acquired tracts of land between 26th Avenue North and 30 th Avenue North, east of First Street North to Coffee Pot Bayou from the Erastus A. Barnard family of Chicago. Although documents in this collection have inclusive dates from 1898 through 1951, most of the materials relate to the 1913 land sale. These materials were acquired by purchase from Lighthouse Books through the Society for Advancement of Poynter Library. ","Notable materials in this collection include correspondence between George T. Turner and Barnard from 1912. Barnard asked for a $40,000 deposit, which represented one-quarter of the price. The full $160,000 was expected to be paid in ten years, at six percent interest, before the deed would be granted. Turner, who later developed Sunken Gardens in St. Petersburg, acted as an intermediary and was to receive a commission of 2.5 percent. Turner protested requiring the amount to be paid in full, since apparently it would deter buyers. Barnard, however, insisted on the full amount, fearing that he would be left holding undesirable portions of land. ","In November 1912, Turner found someone, presumably Snell, willing to agree to a binder of $20,000, and apparently Turner decided to front the rest until the full amount was paid. On December 6, 1912, Erastus Barnard transmitted the deed for \"the Northeast one-quarter, (1/4,) of Section Seven (7), and the West one-half, (½,) of the Northwest one-quarter, (1/4,) of Section Eight, (8,) Township Thirty-One (31,) South, Range Seventeen, (17,) East in Pinellas County Florida and another lot from the deceased Alice Barnard for $160,000 to the Central National Bank of St. Petersburg, Florida. ","A Central National Bank representative described Snell as an eastern syndicate who \"now seems more interested in Tampa property who was willing to bargain if Barnard would accept $25,000 now and another $25,000 in thirty days.\" ","Correspondence from Snell to Barnard in December 1912 suggested they were well-acquainted. \"I trust that your health will improve enough for you to come down for your usual winters stay,\" Snell mentioned in a letter. Barnard's responses had a more businesslike tone. A January 8, 1913 letter from Barnard to J.J. Berry tells Berry to stop working on his orange grove on the land, presumably since Snell would soon take control of the parcel. ","Most of the correspondence is in \"land-deal-legalese,\" but some of the letters are more personal. In one, Snell asked E.A. Barnard for financial assistance and apparently tried to win his trust over Turner, who Snell claimed was acting dishonorably and selfishly. Snell ran into some trouble with Turner in 1913 when showing some of Barnard's land to a Mr. Johnson of Washington. Turner and Snell agreed to split any commissions on this sale, but then Snell accused Turner of trying to claim it all. On a related deal, Snell said that Turner asked him to claim a commission and split it with Turner so that Turner would not have to split his share with his own business partner. In the same letter to Barnard, Snell asked for an extension for $4,000 from his $25,000 bill. Barnard later granted the request but clearly was not pleased. ","In the fall of 1913, Snell wrote that progress was being made on the land, but that it was expensive and therefore asked for an extension. \"I have before me 24 contracts all past due upon which the parties have asked an extension and there is nothing to do but grant it. [...] We have 24 teams and 40 men going now. We have hard surfaced streets, curbs, and cement walks and every block graded on all streets East of Locust Street. Lot of property ready for the market this winter. Mr. Hamlett and myself will both build nice homes on the Bayou this winter.\" ","All of Snell's correspondence after 1913 is typed on letterhead, and more formal. The years of World War I were apparently bad for Snell. \"Our losses in the depression of the past 4 years caused by the war will run into the hundreds of thousands of dollars, but we have taken our losses; and believe that a new era of prosperity in St. Petersburg is just arriving [...]\" On March 13, 1919, Snell wrote that he has \"recently purchased Mr. Hamlett's interest in the firm.\" In correspondence between Snell and Alice Howe, Snell is sometimes late on his payments. Each time Howe reminds him he will have to pay interest on the accumulating interest. "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eC. Perry Snell Papers collection, Nelson Poynter Memorial Library Special Collections and University Archives, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["C. Perry Snell Papers collection, Nelson Poynter Memorial Library Special Collections and University Archives, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection was originally published in 2007 and was updated in 2024.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This collection was originally published in 2007 and was updated in 2024."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials related to real estate transaction and construction of the C. Perry Snell House.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Materials related to real estate transaction and construction of the C. Perry Snell House."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_d5d1e3a2df3b9f23ab3a4a367fae2ebf\"\u003eThis collection consists of letters and documents related to the Snell/Barnard land transaction in 1913, as well as other documents and an architectural rendering of the Snell House from 1913-1951.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection consists of letters and documents related to the Snell/Barnard land transaction in 1913, as well as other documents and an architectural rendering of the Snell House from 1913-1951."],"names_ssim":["USF Libraries - St. Petersburg Special Collections \u0026 University Archives","Snell, C. Perry, 1869-1942","Cunningham, Harry F. (Harry Francis Cunningham), 1888-1959","Barnard, E. A. (Erastus A. Barnard)"],"corpname_ssim":["USF Libraries - St. Petersburg Special Collections \u0026 University Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["Snell, C. Perry, 1869-1942","Barnard, E. A. (Erastus A. Barnard)"],"persname_ssim":["Snell, C. Perry, 1869-1942","Cunningham, Harry F. (Harry Francis Cunningham), 1888-1959","Barnard, E. A. (Erastus A. Barnard)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":7,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1875844232478982144,"_root_":"14db475840c3f0514acc0559","timestamp":"2026-09-09T09:01:06.094Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"14db475840c3f0514acc0559","title_ssm":["C. Perry Snell papers"],"title_tesim":["C. Perry Snell papers"],"ead_ssi":"14db475840c3f0514acc0559","unitdate_ssm":["1898-1951","1912-1924"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1912-1924"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1898-1951"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["File","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SP-MS-2007-02","/repositories/3/resources/649"],"text":["SP-MS-2007-02","/repositories/3/resources/649","C. Perry Snell papers, 1898-1951, bulk 1912-1924","Pinellas County (Fla.)","Architecture -- Conservation and restoration -- Florida","Historic preservation","None.","C. Perry Snell became a prominent developer of St. Petersburg's North Shore, the Old Northeast, and Snell Isle communities. Snell acquired tracts of land between 26th Avenue North and 30 th Avenue North, east of First Street North to Coffee Pot Bayou from the Erastus A. Barnard family of Chicago. Although documents in this collection have inclusive dates from 1898 through 1951, most of the materials relate to the 1913 land sale. These materials were acquired by purchase from Lighthouse Books through the Society for Advancement of Poynter Library. ","Notable materials in this collection include correspondence between George T. Turner and Barnard from 1912. Barnard asked for a $40,000 deposit, which represented one-quarter of the price. The full $160,000 was expected to be paid in ten years, at six percent interest, before the deed would be granted. Turner, who later developed Sunken Gardens in St. Petersburg, acted as an intermediary and was to receive a commission of 2.5 percent. Turner protested requiring the amount to be paid in full, since apparently it would deter buyers. Barnard, however, insisted on the full amount, fearing that he would be left holding undesirable portions of land. ","In November 1912, Turner found someone, presumably Snell, willing to agree to a binder of $20,000, and apparently Turner decided to front the rest until the full amount was paid. On December 6, 1912, Erastus Barnard transmitted the deed for \"the Northeast one-quarter, (1/4,) of Section Seven (7), and the West one-half, (½,) of the Northwest one-quarter, (1/4,) of Section Eight, (8,) Township Thirty-One (31,) South, Range Seventeen, (17,) East in Pinellas County Florida and another lot from the deceased Alice Barnard for $160,000 to the Central National Bank of St. Petersburg, Florida. ","A Central National Bank representative described Snell as an eastern syndicate who \"now seems more interested in Tampa property who was willing to bargain if Barnard would accept $25,000 now and another $25,000 in thirty days.\" ","Correspondence from Snell to Barnard in December 1912 suggested they were well-acquainted. \"I trust that your health will improve enough for you to come down for your usual winters stay,\" Snell mentioned in a letter. Barnard's responses had a more businesslike tone. A January 8, 1913 letter from Barnard to J.J. Berry tells Berry to stop working on his orange grove on the land, presumably since Snell would soon take control of the parcel. ","Most of the correspondence is in \"land-deal-legalese,\" but some of the letters are more personal. In one, Snell asked E.A. Barnard for financial assistance and apparently tried to win his trust over Turner, who Snell claimed was acting dishonorably and selfishly. Snell ran into some trouble with Turner in 1913 when showing some of Barnard's land to a Mr. Johnson of Washington. Turner and Snell agreed to split any commissions on this sale, but then Snell accused Turner of trying to claim it all. On a related deal, Snell said that Turner asked him to claim a commission and split it with Turner so that Turner would not have to split his share with his own business partner. In the same letter to Barnard, Snell asked for an extension for $4,000 from his $25,000 bill. Barnard later granted the request but clearly was not pleased. ","In the fall of 1913, Snell wrote that progress was being made on the land, but that it was expensive and therefore asked for an extension. \"I have before me 24 contracts all past due upon which the parties have asked an extension and there is nothing to do but grant it. [...] We have 24 teams and 40 men going now. We have hard surfaced streets, curbs, and cement walks and every block graded on all streets East of Locust Street. Lot of property ready for the market this winter. Mr. Hamlett and myself will both build nice homes on the Bayou this winter.\" ","All of Snell's correspondence after 1913 is typed on letterhead, and more formal. The years of World War I were apparently bad for Snell. \"Our losses in the depression of the past 4 years caused by the war will run into the hundreds of thousands of dollars, but we have taken our losses; and believe that a new era of prosperity in St. Petersburg is just arriving [...]\" On March 13, 1919, Snell wrote that he has \"recently purchased Mr. Hamlett's interest in the firm.\" In correspondence between Snell and Alice Howe, Snell is sometimes late on his payments. Each time Howe reminds him he will have to pay interest on the accumulating interest. ","This collection was originally published in 2007 and was updated in 2024.","Materials related to real estate transaction and construction of the C. Perry Snell House.","None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information.","This collection consists of letters and documents related to the Snell/Barnard land transaction in 1913, as well as other documents and an architectural rendering of the Snell House from 1913-1951.","USF Libraries - St. Petersburg Special Collections \u0026 University Archives","Snell, C. Perry, 1869-1942","Cunningham, Harry F. (Harry Francis Cunningham), 1888-1959","Barnard, E. A. (Erastus A. Barnard)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SP-MS-2007-02","/repositories/3/resources/649"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1898-1951, bulk 1912-1924"],"normalized_title_ssm":["C. Perry Snell papers, 1898-1951, bulk 1912-1924"],"collection_title_tesim":["C. Perry Snell papers, 1898-1951, bulk 1912-1924"],"collection_ssim":["C. Perry Snell papers, 1898-1951, bulk 1912-1924"],"repository_ssm":["USF Libraries - St. Petersburg Special Collections \u0026 University Archives"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - St. Petersburg Special Collections \u0026 University Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Pinellas County (Fla.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Pinellas County (Fla.)"],"creator_ssm":["Snell, C. Perry, 1869-1942","Cunningham, Harry F. (Harry Francis Cunningham), 1888-1959"],"creator_ssim":["Snell, C. Perry, 1869-1942","Cunningham, Harry F. (Harry Francis Cunningham), 1888-1959"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Snell, C. Perry, 1869-1942","Cunningham, Harry F. (Harry Francis Cunningham), 1888-1959"],"creators_ssim":["Snell, C. Perry, 1869-1942","Cunningham, Harry F. (Harry Francis Cunningham), 1888-1959"],"places_ssim":["Pinellas County (Fla.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Architecture -- Conservation and restoration -- Florida","Historic preservation"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Architecture -- Conservation and restoration -- Florida","Historic preservation"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["2 boxes"],"physfacet_tesim":["1 half-size document box and 1 oversized archival box"],"date_range_isim":[1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["None."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eC. Perry Snell became a prominent developer of St. Petersburg's North Shore, the Old Northeast, and Snell Isle communities. Snell acquired tracts of land between 26th Avenue North and 30 th Avenue North, east of First Street North to Coffee Pot Bayou from the Erastus A. Barnard family of Chicago. Although documents in this collection have inclusive dates from 1898 through 1951, most of the materials relate to the 1913 land sale. These materials were acquired by purchase from Lighthouse Books through the Society for Advancement of Poynter Library. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNotable materials in this collection include correspondence between George T. Turner and Barnard from 1912. Barnard asked for a $40,000 deposit, which represented one-quarter of the price. The full $160,000 was expected to be paid in ten years, at six percent interest, before the deed would be granted. Turner, who later developed Sunken Gardens in St. Petersburg, acted as an intermediary and was to receive a commission of 2.5 percent. Turner protested requiring the amount to be paid in full, since apparently it would deter buyers. Barnard, however, insisted on the full amount, fearing that he would be left holding undesirable portions of land. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn November 1912, Turner found someone, presumably Snell, willing to agree to a binder of $20,000, and apparently Turner decided to front the rest until the full amount was paid. On December 6, 1912, Erastus Barnard transmitted the deed for \"the Northeast one-quarter, (1/4,) of Section Seven (7), and the West one-half, (\u0026#xBD;,) of the Northwest one-quarter, (1/4,) of Section Eight, (8,) Township Thirty-One (31,) South, Range Seventeen, (17,) East in Pinellas County Florida and another lot from the deceased Alice Barnard for $160,000 to the Central National Bank of St. Petersburg, Florida. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA Central National Bank representative described Snell as an eastern syndicate who \"now seems more interested in Tampa property who was willing to bargain if Barnard would accept $25,000 now and another $25,000 in thirty days.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence from Snell to Barnard in December 1912 suggested they were well-acquainted. \"I trust that your health will improve enough for you to come down for your usual winters stay,\" Snell mentioned in a letter. Barnard's responses had a more businesslike tone. A January 8, 1913 letter from Barnard to J.J. Berry tells Berry to stop working on his orange grove on the land, presumably since Snell would soon take control of the parcel. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMost of the correspondence is in \"land-deal-legalese,\" but some of the letters are more personal. In one, Snell asked E.A. Barnard for financial assistance and apparently tried to win his trust over Turner, who Snell claimed was acting dishonorably and selfishly. Snell ran into some trouble with Turner in 1913 when showing some of Barnard's land to a Mr. Johnson of Washington. Turner and Snell agreed to split any commissions on this sale, but then Snell accused Turner of trying to claim it all. On a related deal, Snell said that Turner asked him to claim a commission and split it with Turner so that Turner would not have to split his share with his own business partner. In the same letter to Barnard, Snell asked for an extension for $4,000 from his $25,000 bill. Barnard later granted the request but clearly was not pleased. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the fall of 1913, Snell wrote that progress was being made on the land, but that it was expensive and therefore asked for an extension. \"I have before me 24 contracts all past due upon which the parties have asked an extension and there is nothing to do but grant it. [...] We have 24 teams and 40 men going now. We have hard surfaced streets, curbs, and cement walks and every block graded on all streets East of Locust Street. Lot of property ready for the market this winter. Mr. Hamlett and myself will both build nice homes on the Bayou this winter.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAll of Snell's correspondence after 1913 is typed on letterhead, and more formal. The years of World War I were apparently bad for Snell. \"Our losses in the depression of the past 4 years caused by the war will run into the hundreds of thousands of dollars, but we have taken our losses; and believe that a new era of prosperity in St. Petersburg is just arriving [...]\" On March 13, 1919, Snell wrote that he has \"recently purchased Mr. Hamlett's interest in the firm.\" In correspondence between Snell and Alice Howe, Snell is sometimes late on his payments. Each time Howe reminds him he will have to pay interest on the accumulating interest. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["C. Perry Snell became a prominent developer of St. Petersburg's North Shore, the Old Northeast, and Snell Isle communities. Snell acquired tracts of land between 26th Avenue North and 30 th Avenue North, east of First Street North to Coffee Pot Bayou from the Erastus A. Barnard family of Chicago. Although documents in this collection have inclusive dates from 1898 through 1951, most of the materials relate to the 1913 land sale. These materials were acquired by purchase from Lighthouse Books through the Society for Advancement of Poynter Library. ","Notable materials in this collection include correspondence between George T. Turner and Barnard from 1912. Barnard asked for a $40,000 deposit, which represented one-quarter of the price. The full $160,000 was expected to be paid in ten years, at six percent interest, before the deed would be granted. Turner, who later developed Sunken Gardens in St. Petersburg, acted as an intermediary and was to receive a commission of 2.5 percent. Turner protested requiring the amount to be paid in full, since apparently it would deter buyers. Barnard, however, insisted on the full amount, fearing that he would be left holding undesirable portions of land. ","In November 1912, Turner found someone, presumably Snell, willing to agree to a binder of $20,000, and apparently Turner decided to front the rest until the full amount was paid. On December 6, 1912, Erastus Barnard transmitted the deed for \"the Northeast one-quarter, (1/4,) of Section Seven (7), and the West one-half, (½,) of the Northwest one-quarter, (1/4,) of Section Eight, (8,) Township Thirty-One (31,) South, Range Seventeen, (17,) East in Pinellas County Florida and another lot from the deceased Alice Barnard for $160,000 to the Central National Bank of St. Petersburg, Florida. ","A Central National Bank representative described Snell as an eastern syndicate who \"now seems more interested in Tampa property who was willing to bargain if Barnard would accept $25,000 now and another $25,000 in thirty days.\" ","Correspondence from Snell to Barnard in December 1912 suggested they were well-acquainted. \"I trust that your health will improve enough for you to come down for your usual winters stay,\" Snell mentioned in a letter. Barnard's responses had a more businesslike tone. A January 8, 1913 letter from Barnard to J.J. Berry tells Berry to stop working on his orange grove on the land, presumably since Snell would soon take control of the parcel. ","Most of the correspondence is in \"land-deal-legalese,\" but some of the letters are more personal. In one, Snell asked E.A. Barnard for financial assistance and apparently tried to win his trust over Turner, who Snell claimed was acting dishonorably and selfishly. Snell ran into some trouble with Turner in 1913 when showing some of Barnard's land to a Mr. Johnson of Washington. Turner and Snell agreed to split any commissions on this sale, but then Snell accused Turner of trying to claim it all. On a related deal, Snell said that Turner asked him to claim a commission and split it with Turner so that Turner would not have to split his share with his own business partner. In the same letter to Barnard, Snell asked for an extension for $4,000 from his $25,000 bill. Barnard later granted the request but clearly was not pleased. ","In the fall of 1913, Snell wrote that progress was being made on the land, but that it was expensive and therefore asked for an extension. \"I have before me 24 contracts all past due upon which the parties have asked an extension and there is nothing to do but grant it. [...] We have 24 teams and 40 men going now. We have hard surfaced streets, curbs, and cement walks and every block graded on all streets East of Locust Street. Lot of property ready for the market this winter. Mr. Hamlett and myself will both build nice homes on the Bayou this winter.\" ","All of Snell's correspondence after 1913 is typed on letterhead, and more formal. The years of World War I were apparently bad for Snell. \"Our losses in the depression of the past 4 years caused by the war will run into the hundreds of thousands of dollars, but we have taken our losses; and believe that a new era of prosperity in St. Petersburg is just arriving [...]\" On March 13, 1919, Snell wrote that he has \"recently purchased Mr. Hamlett's interest in the firm.\" In correspondence between Snell and Alice Howe, Snell is sometimes late on his payments. Each time Howe reminds him he will have to pay interest on the accumulating interest. "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eC. Perry Snell Papers collection, Nelson Poynter Memorial Library Special Collections and University Archives, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["C. Perry Snell Papers collection, Nelson Poynter Memorial Library Special Collections and University Archives, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection was originally published in 2007 and was updated in 2024.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This collection was originally published in 2007 and was updated in 2024."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials related to real estate transaction and construction of the C. Perry Snell House.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Materials related to real estate transaction and construction of the C. Perry Snell House."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_d5d1e3a2df3b9f23ab3a4a367fae2ebf\"\u003eThis collection consists of letters and documents related to the Snell/Barnard land transaction in 1913, as well as other documents and an architectural rendering of the Snell House from 1913-1951.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection consists of letters and documents related to the Snell/Barnard land transaction in 1913, as well as other documents and an architectural rendering of the Snell House from 1913-1951."],"names_ssim":["USF Libraries - St. Petersburg Special Collections \u0026 University Archives","Snell, C. Perry, 1869-1942","Cunningham, Harry F. (Harry Francis Cunningham), 1888-1959","Barnard, E. A. (Erastus A. Barnard)"],"corpname_ssim":["USF Libraries - St. Petersburg Special Collections \u0026 University Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["Snell, C. Perry, 1869-1942","Barnard, E. A. (Erastus A. Barnard)"],"persname_ssim":["Snell, C. Perry, 1869-1942","Cunningham, Harry F. (Harry Francis Cunningham), 1888-1959","Barnard, E. A. (Erastus A. 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Users are required to complete a registration form and to comply with regulations governing use. Research assistance may be available but please email or phone first to set up an appointment.","Photocopies or electronic copies of material in the collections may be provided within copyright limits but may not be ready immediately. In addition, selected materials are digitized and available electronically through the Digital Library. See less"],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Materials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. Any subsequent use of a reproduction in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement. When using electronic copies or images, please keep in mind that copyright law applies. It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder. Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact Special Collections. See less See less"],"date_range_isim":[1942,1943],"containers_ssim":["box 8","folder 3"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTwo newsletters, camp manual, informational sheets, memo for Camp 20 in Wells Tannery, PA\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Two newsletters, camp manual, informational sheets, memo for Camp 20 in Wells Tannery, PA"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#86","_nest_parent_":"4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86_aspace_ff3bc41a85011bea5a51cdad9b65b38a","_root_":"4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86","timestamp":"2026-07-11T02:01:13.886Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86","title_ssm":["Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection"],"title_tesim":["Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection"],"ead_ssi":"4ecd9741f5ab1f086d98fc86","unitdate_ssm":["1871 - 2006"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1871 - 2006"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["UAFP0012","/repositories/2/resources/203"],"text":["UAFP0012","/repositories/2/resources/203","Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection, 1871 - 2006","United States","World War, 1939-1945","University Archives","University Archives -- Faculty Papers"," Civilian Public Service -- History","World War, 1939-1945 -- Conscientious objectors -- United States","Oral history","Collections are available for supervised use in the Special Collections reading room during regular hours or by appointment. Users are required to complete a registration form and to comply with regulations governing use. Research assistance may be available but please email or phone first to set up an appointment.","Photocopies or electronic copies of material in the collections may be provided within copyright limits but may not be ready immediately. In addition, selected materials are digitized and available electronically through the Digital Library. See less","The Frazer-O'Sullivan Collection contains the research for the co- authored book, We Have Just Begun to Not Fight: An Oral History of Conscientious Objectors in the Civilian Public Service During World War II, by Heather Frazer and John O'Sullivan. More than 40,000 American men refused to fight during World War II. Citing principled opposition, they declared themselves conscientious objectors. Rejecting combat duty, nearly 12,000 men entered Civilian Public Service (CPS) with the intent to perform \"work of national importance\" as an alternative to combat duty. The CPS program was set up by members of the historic peace churches (Mennonites, Brethren, and Quakers) and participated in by pacifists from other churches, of no specific religious persuasion, and, in the case of a few, no persuasion except not to fight in that particular war. CPS men worked as aides in mental hospitals, volunteered as smoke jumpers in forest fires, and participated in grueling medical and scientific experiments.  Frazer and O'Sullivan use the oral histories of 15 CPS men and two of their wives to illuminate their experience during World War II. ","Heather T. Frazer (1940 – 2016) was a professor of history at Florida Atlantic University. In 1971, she became the first female faculty member in the FAU history department where she taught for 35 years before retiring in 2006. During her tenure, she served as Department Chair and Director of Graduate Studies. She also pioneered the study of women's history at FAU, helping establish the Women's Studies program, which is now the Center for Women, Gender and Sexuality Studies. Dr. Frazer taught courses in women's history, modern Britain and British Empire, Indian history, and oral history.","John O'Sullivan (1939-2000) was a professor of history at Florida Atlantic University. In 1971, he came to Florida Atlantic University where he served as chair of the History Department (1975-1978) and devoted his entire academic career. Dr. O'Sullivan received numerous research fellowships including the American Philosophical Society, the American Historical Association, and the Sloan Foundation. His areas of specialization were World War II, Vietnam War, Nuclear Age, the Holocaust, Peace History, Oral History and Modern American Political and Diplomatic Affairs.","Materials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. Any subsequent use of a reproduction in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement. When using electronic copies or images, please keep in mind that copyright law applies. It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder. Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact Special Collections. See less See less","Florida Atlantic University Libraries","English"],"unitid_tesim":["UAFP0012","/repositories/2/resources/203"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1871 - 2006"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection, 1871 - 2006"],"collection_title_tesim":["Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection, 1871 - 2006"],"collection_ssim":["Dr. Heather Frazer and Dr. John O'Sullivan Research Collection, 1871 - 2006"],"repository_ssm":["Florida Atlantic University Libraries"],"repository_ssim":["Florida Atlantic University Libraries"],"geogname_ssm":["United States"],"geogname_ssim":["United States"],"places_ssim":["United States"],"access_terms_ssm":["Materials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. Any subsequent use of a reproduction in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement. When using electronic copies or images, please keep in mind that copyright law applies. It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder. Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact Special Collections. See less See less"],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1939-1945","University Archives","University Archives -- Faculty Papers"," Civilian Public Service -- History","World War, 1939-1945 -- Conscientious objectors -- United States","Oral history"],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1939-1945","University Archives","University Archives -- Faculty Papers"," Civilian Public Service -- History","World War, 1939-1945 -- Conscientious objectors -- United States","Oral history"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["67 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["67 boxes"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollections are available for supervised use in the Special Collections reading room during regular hours or by appointment. Users are required to complete a registration form and to comply with regulations governing use. Research assistance may be available but please email or phone first to set up an appointment.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePhotocopies or electronic copies of material in the collections may be provided within copyright limits but may not be ready immediately. In addition, selected materials are digitized and available electronically through the Digital Library. See less\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collections are available for supervised use in the Special Collections reading room during regular hours or by appointment. Users are required to complete a registration form and to comply with regulations governing use. Research assistance may be available but please email or phone first to set up an appointment.","Photocopies or electronic copies of material in the collections may be provided within copyright limits but may not be ready immediately. In addition, selected materials are digitized and available electronically through the Digital Library. See less"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Frazer-O'Sullivan Collection contains the research for the co- authored book, We Have Just Begun to Not Fight: An Oral History of Conscientious Objectors in the Civilian Public Service During World War II, by Heather Frazer and John O'Sullivan. More than 40,000 American men refused to fight during World War II. Citing principled opposition, they declared themselves conscientious objectors. Rejecting combat duty, nearly 12,000 men entered Civilian Public Service (CPS) with the intent to perform \"work of national importance\" as an alternative to combat duty. The CPS program was set up by members of the historic peace churches (Mennonites, Brethren, and Quakers) and participated in by pacifists from other churches, of no specific religious persuasion, and, in the case of a few, no persuasion except not to fight in that particular war. CPS men worked as aides in mental hospitals, volunteered as smoke jumpers in forest fires, and participated in grueling medical and scientific experiments.  Frazer and O'Sullivan use the oral histories of 15 CPS men and two of their wives to illuminate their experience during World War II. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHeather T. Frazer (1940 \u0026#x2013; 2016) was a professor of history at Florida Atlantic University. In 1971, she became the first female faculty member in the FAU history department where she taught for 35 years before retiring in 2006. During her tenure, she served as Department Chair and Director of Graduate Studies. She also pioneered the study of women's history at FAU, helping establish the Women's Studies program, which is now the Center for Women, Gender and Sexuality Studies. Dr. Frazer taught courses in women's history, modern Britain and British Empire, Indian history, and oral history.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJohn O'Sullivan (1939-2000) was a professor of history at Florida Atlantic University. In 1971, he came to Florida Atlantic University where he served as chair of the History Department (1975-1978) and devoted his entire academic career. Dr. O'Sullivan received numerous research fellowships including the American Philosophical Society, the American Historical Association, and the Sloan Foundation. 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The CPS program was set up by members of the historic peace churches (Mennonites, Brethren, and Quakers) and participated in by pacifists from other churches, of no specific religious persuasion, and, in the case of a few, no persuasion except not to fight in that particular war. CPS men worked as aides in mental hospitals, volunteered as smoke jumpers in forest fires, and participated in grueling medical and scientific experiments.  Frazer and O'Sullivan use the oral histories of 15 CPS men and two of their wives to illuminate their experience during World War II. ","Heather T. Frazer (1940 – 2016) was a professor of history at Florida Atlantic University. In 1971, she became the first female faculty member in the FAU history department where she taught for 35 years before retiring in 2006. During her tenure, she served as Department Chair and Director of Graduate Studies. 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Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact Special Collections. 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Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact Special Collections. 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Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact Special Collections. See less See less\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. 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Users are required to complete a registration form and to comply with regulations governing use. Research assistance may be available but please email or phone first to set up an appointment.","Photocopies or electronic copies of material in the collections may be provided within copyright limits but may not be ready immediately. In addition, selected materials are digitized and available electronically through the Digital Library. See less","The Frazer-O'Sullivan Collection contains the research for the co- authored book, We Have Just Begun to Not Fight: An Oral History of Conscientious Objectors in the Civilian Public Service During World War II, by Heather Frazer and John O'Sullivan. More than 40,000 American men refused to fight during World War II. Citing principled opposition, they declared themselves conscientious objectors. 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Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact Special Collections. 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Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact Special Collections. See less See less\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. 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Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact Special Collections. 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