{"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1933\u0026page=229\u0026view=compact","prev":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1933\u0026page=228\u0026view=compact","next":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1933\u0026page=230\u0026view=compact","last":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1933\u0026page=240\u0026view=compact"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":229,"next_page":230,"prev_page":228,"total_pages":240,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":2280,"total_count":2395,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"e35b9770c12b98b283c97ed3_aspace_77815","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Volume 19 Book 8, December 9, 1933 - November 22, 1934","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/e35b9770c12b98b283c97ed3_aspace_77815#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_77815","ref_ssm":["aspace_77815","aspace_77815"],"id":"e35b9770c12b98b283c97ed3_aspace_77815","title_filing_ssi":"Volume 19 Book 8","title_ssm":["Volume 19 Book 8"],"title_tesim":["Volume 19 Book 8"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["December 9, 1933 - November 22, 1934"],"normalized_date_ssm":["December 9, 1933 - November 22, 1934"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Volume 19 Book 8, December 9, 1933 - November 22, 1934"],"text":["Volume 19 Book 8, December 9, 1933 - November 22, 1934","Carey Hand Funeral Home Records, 1891-1955","Funeral Registers, January 1919-December 1952","Folder 17","/repositories/4/archival_objects/3897","box 9","folder 17"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["e35b9770c12b98b283c97ed3","e35b9770c12b98b283c97ed3_aspace_1328"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Carey Hand Funeral Home Records, 1891-1955","Funeral Registers, January 1919-December 1952"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Carey Hand Funeral Home Records, 1891-1955","Funeral Registers, January 1919-December 1952"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["Folder 17","/repositories/4/archival_objects/3897"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Carey Hand Funeral Home Records, 1891-1955"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":238,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The entire collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Unpublished records are protected by copyright. Permission to publish quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"date_range_isim":[1933,1934],"containers_ssim":["box 9","folder 17"],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#50","_nest_parent_":"e35b9770c12b98b283c97ed3_aspace_1328","_root_":"e35b9770c12b98b283c97ed3","_version_":1870857691873673216,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:02:10.387Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"e35b9770c12b98b283c97ed3","title_ssm":["Carey Hand Funeral Home Records"],"title_tesim":["Carey Hand Funeral Home Records"],"ead_ssi":"e35b9770c12b98b283c97ed3","unitdate_ssm":["1891-1955"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1891-1955"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC.041","/repositories/4/resources/17"],"text":["SC.041","/repositories/4/resources/17","Carey Hand Funeral Home Records, 1891-1955","Brevard County (Fla.)--Genealogy","Osceola County (Fla.)--Genealogy","Seminole County (Fla.)--Genealogy","Orange County (Fla.)--Genealogy","Orlando-(Fla.)--Genealogy","Florida -- Genealogy -- Archival Resources","Orlando (Fla.) -- History","Hillsborough County (Fla.) -- Genealogy","Funeral homes","Undertakers and undertaking","Registers of birth, etc. -- Florida -- Orange County","Cemeteries","The entire collection is open for research.","The Carey Hand mortuary business began when Elijah Hand moved to Orlando, Florida from Indiana in 1885. Hand was the young city's first embalmer. Hand formed a partnership with E. A. Richards, the city's first undertaker. Richards \u0026 Hand combined Richards's furniture business and Hand's embalming. When Richards left the partnership in 1890, the business was renamed Elijah Hand's furniture, undertaking and livery stable. The business was located on Pine Street in downtown Orlando.","\nIn 1907 Hand's son Carey, a trained embalmer, moved to Orlando and joined his father's business, buying out his father in 1914. He continued to run the business until his death in 1946. His wife sold the business the following year, and subsequent owners have kept the Carey Hand name. In 1969 the Carey Hand and Cox-Parker Funeral Homes merged. The company is still in operation. During the first half of the twentieth century, the Carey Hand funeral home was the largest in Central Florida, serving a five-county area, including Orange, Seminole, Osceola, Polk and Hillsborough. The modernized funeral home built by the company in 1918 now houses the University of Central Florida's Downtown Campus located at 39 West Pine Street. It was the first funeral home in Florida to have a chapel, and housed the first crematorium built south of Cincinnati and Washington, D.C.","Collection processed by Nadine Helm; finding aid created by Nadine Helm. Courtney Toelle edited finding aid in January 2019. Minimal preservation work was necessary; records are bound in books, and were properly housed in archival boxes or storage.","The Carey Hand Funeral Home Records include a variety of records created during the course of work at the Funeral Home, including Undertakers' Memoranda, documentation of the deceased that moved through the undertaker, Funeral Registers that included payment information and next of kin, Cremation Records, records for the Palm and Greenwood Cemeteries, as well as other materials relating to the operations of the Orlando mortuary business. The collection is particularly useful in Central Florida genealogy as one of the main funeral homes in the area.","\nSeries 1: Undertakers' Memoranda. 182 Volumes. June 1891-December 1946. Records are not indexed and arranged in imperfect, but general chronological order as recorded by the undertaker. Information relating to the death and burial of the deceased individual is recorded.","\nSeries 2: Greenwood and Palm Cemetery Records: Circa 1900-1944. 2 Volumes. These volumes contain the records of plots sold in the Greenwood and Palm Cemeteries. Records are indexed and arranged by plot. One volume includes a Greenwood Cemetery plat book.","\nSeries 3: Funeral Registers. 34 Volumes. January 1919-December 1952. Each volume is indexed and in chronological order. Records detail death, burial and payment information for services provided through the Carey Hand Funeral Home.","\nSeries 4: Bills. 4 Volumes. 1920-1932. Financial Records detailing payments received on various accounts. Volumes titled Local Bills, Out-of-Town Bills, and Bills.","\nSeries 5: Cremation Records. 4 Volumes. 1926-1949. These volumes contain the records of the cremation service operated by Carey Hand. The first crematorium to be located south of Cincinnati, Ohio and Washington, DC, it began operating in 1925. The records are in chronological order, with the first volume serving as an index. In addition, there is a folder with records of cremations stored in the vaults and those whose ashes were scattered.","\nSeries 6: Ambulance Records. 10 Volumes. January 1934-May 1955. These volumes contain the records of the ambulance service operated by Carey Hand. In addition to paid services, free ambulance service was offered to new mothers and babies from the hospital to their homes. One volume titled Veteran's Ambulance, 1948.","\nSeries 7: Storage Vault Records. 1 Volume. October 1935-October 1947. Records document individuals stored in Carey Hand storage vaults, listing the amount of time stored and payments on accounts.","\nSeries 8: Veteran's and Orlando Air Base Records. 1 Volume. January 1938-March 1952. Records are not indexed but are arranged in chronological order. These records contain death, burial and military service information for Central Florida Veteran's and Orlando Air Base Serviceman.","\nSeries 9: Miscellanea. 6 Folders. 1927-1947, 2003, Undated. Materials relating to the Carey Hand Funeral Home including brochures, disposition of ashes, newsclippings, miscellaneous ephemera, mule pendant, and samples of original wall coverings.","Unpublished records are protected by copyright. Permission to publish quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","Contains records and ledgers on services provided at the Carey Hand Funeral Home. Materials include memoranda regarding the death and burial of deceased individuals, registers of the death, burial and payment information, plots in the Greenwood and Palm cemeteries, financial records, cremation records, ambulance service records, vault storage records, and Central Florida Veterans and Orlando Airbase Servicemen's death, burial, and military information. The records are particularly useful in historical and genealogical research on the Orlando and Central Florida area from 1891 to 1955.","UCF Special Collections","Carey Hand Funeral Home","Greenwood Cemetery (Orlando, Fla.)","Palm Cemetery (Orlando, Fla.)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC.041","/repositories/4/resources/17"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1891-1955"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Carey Hand Funeral Home Records, 1891-1955"],"collection_title_tesim":["Carey Hand Funeral Home Records, 1891-1955"],"collection_ssim":["Carey Hand Funeral Home Records, 1891-1955"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Brevard County (Fla.)--Genealogy","Osceola County (Fla.)--Genealogy","Seminole County (Fla.)--Genealogy","Orange County (Fla.)--Genealogy","Orlando-(Fla.)--Genealogy","Florida -- Genealogy -- Archival Resources","Orlando (Fla.) -- History","Hillsborough County (Fla.) -- Genealogy"],"geogname_ssim":["Brevard County (Fla.)--Genealogy","Osceola County (Fla.)--Genealogy","Seminole County (Fla.)--Genealogy","Orange County (Fla.)--Genealogy","Orlando-(Fla.)--Genealogy","Florida -- Genealogy -- Archival Resources","Orlando (Fla.) -- History","Hillsborough County (Fla.) -- Genealogy"],"creator_ssm":["Carey Hand Funeral Home"],"creator_ssim":["Carey Hand Funeral Home"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Carey Hand Funeral Home"],"creators_ssim":["Carey Hand Funeral Home"],"places_ssim":["Brevard County (Fla.)--Genealogy","Osceola County (Fla.)--Genealogy","Seminole County (Fla.)--Genealogy","Orange County (Fla.)--Genealogy","Orlando-(Fla.)--Genealogy","Florida -- Genealogy -- Archival Resources","Orlando (Fla.) -- History","Hillsborough County (Fla.) -- Genealogy"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished records are protected by copyright. Permission to publish quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Carey Hand Funeral Home Records have been held in the UCF Library Special Collections since 1978. The records were donated to Department by the Carey Hand Cox-Parker Funeral Home in 2003 (CFM2003_01)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Funeral homes","Undertakers and undertaking","Registers of birth, etc. -- Florida -- Orange County","Cemeteries"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Funeral homes","Undertakers and undertaking","Registers of birth, etc. -- Florida -- Orange County","Cemeteries"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["22 Linear Feet 9 Boxes, 1 Flat File, and 34 Funeral Registers"],"extent_tesim":["22 Linear Feet 9 Boxes, 1 Flat File, and 34 Funeral Registers"],"date_range_isim":[1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Carey Hand mortuary business began when Elijah Hand moved to Orlando, Florida from Indiana in 1885. Hand was the young city's first embalmer. Hand formed a partnership with E. A. Richards, the city's first undertaker. Richards \u0026amp; Hand combined Richards's furniture business and Hand's embalming. When Richards left the partnership in 1890, the business was renamed Elijah Hand's furniture, undertaking and livery stable. The business was located on Pine Street in downtown Orlando.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nIn 1907 Hand's son Carey, a trained embalmer, moved to Orlando and joined his father's business, buying out his father in 1914. He continued to run the business until his death in 1946. His wife sold the business the following year, and subsequent owners have kept the Carey Hand name. In 1969 the Carey Hand and Cox-Parker Funeral Homes merged. The company is still in operation. During the first half of the twentieth century, the Carey Hand funeral home was the largest in Central Florida, serving a five-county area, including Orange, Seminole, Osceola, Polk and Hillsborough. The modernized funeral home built by the company in 1918 now houses the University of Central Florida's Downtown Campus located at 39 West Pine Street. It was the first funeral home in Florida to have a chapel, and housed the first crematorium built south of Cincinnati and Washington, D.C.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Carey Hand mortuary business began when Elijah Hand moved to Orlando, Florida from Indiana in 1885. Hand was the young city's first embalmer. Hand formed a partnership with E. A. Richards, the city's first undertaker. Richards \u0026 Hand combined Richards's furniture business and Hand's embalming. When Richards left the partnership in 1890, the business was renamed Elijah Hand's furniture, undertaking and livery stable. The business was located on Pine Street in downtown Orlando.","\nIn 1907 Hand's son Carey, a trained embalmer, moved to Orlando and joined his father's business, buying out his father in 1914. He continued to run the business until his death in 1946. His wife sold the business the following year, and subsequent owners have kept the Carey Hand name. In 1969 the Carey Hand and Cox-Parker Funeral Homes merged. The company is still in operation. During the first half of the twentieth century, the Carey Hand funeral home was the largest in Central Florida, serving a five-county area, including Orange, Seminole, Osceola, Polk and Hillsborough. The modernized funeral home built by the company in 1918 now houses the University of Central Florida's Downtown Campus located at 39 West Pine Street. It was the first funeral home in Florida to have a chapel, and housed the first crematorium built south of Cincinnati and Washington, D.C."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCarey Hand Funeral Home Records, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Carey Hand Funeral Home Records, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection processed by Nadine Helm; finding aid created by Nadine Helm. Courtney Toelle edited finding aid in January 2019. Minimal preservation work was necessary; records are bound in books, and were properly housed in archival boxes or storage.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Collection processed by Nadine Helm; finding aid created by Nadine Helm. Courtney Toelle edited finding aid in January 2019. Minimal preservation work was necessary; records are bound in books, and were properly housed in archival boxes or storage."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Carey Hand Funeral Home Records include a variety of records created during the course of work at the Funeral Home, including Undertakers' Memoranda, documentation of the deceased that moved through the undertaker, Funeral Registers that included payment information and next of kin, Cremation Records, records for the Palm and Greenwood Cemeteries, as well as other materials relating to the operations of the Orlando mortuary business. The collection is particularly useful in Central Florida genealogy as one of the main funeral homes in the area.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries 1: Undertakers' Memoranda. 182 Volumes. June 1891-December 1946. Records are not indexed and arranged in imperfect, but general chronological order as recorded by the undertaker. Information relating to the death and burial of the deceased individual is recorded.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries 2: Greenwood and Palm Cemetery Records: Circa 1900-1944. 2 Volumes. These volumes contain the records of plots sold in the Greenwood and Palm Cemeteries. Records are indexed and arranged by plot. One volume includes a Greenwood Cemetery plat book.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries 3: Funeral Registers. 34 Volumes. January 1919-December 1952. Each volume is indexed and in chronological order. Records detail death, burial and payment information for services provided through the Carey Hand Funeral Home.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries 4: Bills. 4 Volumes. 1920-1932. Financial Records detailing payments received on various accounts. Volumes titled Local Bills, Out-of-Town Bills, and Bills.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries 5: Cremation Records. 4 Volumes. 1926-1949. These volumes contain the records of the cremation service operated by Carey Hand. The first crematorium to be located south of Cincinnati, Ohio and Washington, DC, it began operating in 1925. The records are in chronological order, with the first volume serving as an index. In addition, there is a folder with records of cremations stored in the vaults and those whose ashes were scattered.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries 6: Ambulance Records. 10 Volumes. January 1934-May 1955. These volumes contain the records of the ambulance service operated by Carey Hand. In addition to paid services, free ambulance service was offered to new mothers and babies from the hospital to their homes. One volume titled Veteran's Ambulance, 1948.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries 7: Storage Vault Records. 1 Volume. October 1935-October 1947. Records document individuals stored in Carey Hand storage vaults, listing the amount of time stored and payments on accounts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries 8: Veteran's and Orlando Air Base Records. 1 Volume. January 1938-March 1952. Records are not indexed but are arranged in chronological order. These records contain death, burial and military service information for Central Florida Veteran's and Orlando Air Base Serviceman.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries 9: Miscellanea. 6 Folders. 1927-1947, 2003, Undated. Materials relating to the Carey Hand Funeral Home including brochures, disposition of ashes, newsclippings, miscellaneous ephemera, mule pendant, and samples of original wall coverings.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Carey Hand Funeral Home Records include a variety of records created during the course of work at the Funeral Home, including Undertakers' Memoranda, documentation of the deceased that moved through the undertaker, Funeral Registers that included payment information and next of kin, Cremation Records, records for the Palm and Greenwood Cemeteries, as well as other materials relating to the operations of the Orlando mortuary business. The collection is particularly useful in Central Florida genealogy as one of the main funeral homes in the area.","\nSeries 1: Undertakers' Memoranda. 182 Volumes. June 1891-December 1946. Records are not indexed and arranged in imperfect, but general chronological order as recorded by the undertaker. Information relating to the death and burial of the deceased individual is recorded.","\nSeries 2: Greenwood and Palm Cemetery Records: Circa 1900-1944. 2 Volumes. These volumes contain the records of plots sold in the Greenwood and Palm Cemeteries. Records are indexed and arranged by plot. One volume includes a Greenwood Cemetery plat book.","\nSeries 3: Funeral Registers. 34 Volumes. January 1919-December 1952. Each volume is indexed and in chronological order. Records detail death, burial and payment information for services provided through the Carey Hand Funeral Home.","\nSeries 4: Bills. 4 Volumes. 1920-1932. Financial Records detailing payments received on various accounts. Volumes titled Local Bills, Out-of-Town Bills, and Bills.","\nSeries 5: Cremation Records. 4 Volumes. 1926-1949. These volumes contain the records of the cremation service operated by Carey Hand. The first crematorium to be located south of Cincinnati, Ohio and Washington, DC, it began operating in 1925. The records are in chronological order, with the first volume serving as an index. In addition, there is a folder with records of cremations stored in the vaults and those whose ashes were scattered.","\nSeries 6: Ambulance Records. 10 Volumes. January 1934-May 1955. These volumes contain the records of the ambulance service operated by Carey Hand. In addition to paid services, free ambulance service was offered to new mothers and babies from the hospital to their homes. One volume titled Veteran's Ambulance, 1948.","\nSeries 7: Storage Vault Records. 1 Volume. October 1935-October 1947. Records document individuals stored in Carey Hand storage vaults, listing the amount of time stored and payments on accounts.","\nSeries 8: Veteran's and Orlando Air Base Records. 1 Volume. January 1938-March 1952. Records are not indexed but are arranged in chronological order. These records contain death, burial and military service information for Central Florida Veteran's and Orlando Air Base Serviceman.","\nSeries 9: Miscellanea. 6 Folders. 1927-1947, 2003, Undated. Materials relating to the Carey Hand Funeral Home including brochures, disposition of ashes, newsclippings, miscellaneous ephemera, mule pendant, and samples of original wall coverings."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished records are protected by copyright. Permission to publish quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished records are protected by copyright. Permission to publish quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_fa577db5d45e49aa27c31d9ca4a94ebc\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eContains records and ledgers on services provided at the Carey Hand Funeral Home. Materials include memoranda regarding the death and burial of deceased individuals, registers of the death, burial and payment information, plots in the Greenwood and Palm cemeteries, financial records, cremation records, ambulance service records, vault storage records, and Central Florida Veterans and Orlando Airbase Servicemen's death, burial, and military information. The records are particularly useful in historical and genealogical research on the Orlando and Central Florida area from 1891 to 1955.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Contains records and ledgers on services provided at the Carey Hand Funeral Home. Materials include memoranda regarding the death and burial of deceased individuals, registers of the death, burial and payment information, plots in the Greenwood and Palm cemeteries, financial records, cremation records, ambulance service records, vault storage records, and Central Florida Veterans and Orlando Airbase Servicemen's death, burial, and military information. The records are particularly useful in historical and genealogical research on the Orlando and Central Florida area from 1891 to 1955."],"names_coll_ssim":["Greenwood Cemetery (Orlando, Fla.)","Palm Cemetery (Orlando, Fla.)"],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Carey Hand Funeral Home","Greenwood Cemetery (Orlando, Fla.)","Palm Cemetery (Orlando, Fla.)"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Carey Hand Funeral Home","Greenwood Cemetery (Orlando, Fla.)","Palm Cemetery (Orlando, Fla.)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":274,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870857691873673216,"_root_":"e35b9770c12b98b283c97ed3","timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:02:10.387Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/e35b9770c12b98b283c97ed3_aspace_77815"}},{"id":"aa862cad77720b140698c8fb_aspace_a70ad86405ac225b1752648231eab412","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Volume I, bulk 1855-1968","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/aa862cad77720b140698c8fb_aspace_a70ad86405ac225b1752648231eab412#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_a70ad86405ac225b1752648231eab412","ref_ssm":["aspace_a70ad86405ac225b1752648231eab412","aspace_a70ad86405ac225b1752648231eab412"],"id":"aa862cad77720b140698c8fb_aspace_a70ad86405ac225b1752648231eab412","title_filing_ssi":"Volume I","title_ssm":["Volume I"],"title_tesim":["Volume I"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1855-1968"],"normalized_date_ssm":["bulk 1855-1968"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Volume I, bulk 1855-1968"],"text":["Volume I, bulk 1855-1968","Cuban Stamps Collection, 1855-1968","1","/repositories/2/archival_objects/86394","Spanish; Castilian"],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ids_ssim":["aa862cad77720b140698c8fb"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Cuban Stamps Collection, 1855-1968"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Cuban Stamps Collection, 1855-1968"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1","/repositories/2/archival_objects/86394"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Cuban Stamps Collection, 1855-1968"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":1,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Rights. The Cuban Stamps Collection are owned by Florida International University. Literary rights as possessed by the donor have been dedicated to public use for research, study, and scholarship. The collection is subject to all copyright laws."],"date_range_isim":[1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968],"language_ssim":["Spanish; Castilian"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0","_nest_parent_":"aa862cad77720b140698c8fb","_root_":"aa862cad77720b140698c8fb","timestamp":"2026-04-21T02:12:13.039Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"aa862cad77720b140698c8fb","title_ssm":["Cuban Stamps Collection"],"title_tesim":["Cuban Stamps Collection"],"ead_ssi":"aa862cad77720b140698c8fb","unitdate_ssm":["1855-1968"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1855-1968"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SPC9070","/repositories/2/resources/131"],"text":["SPC9070","/repositories/2/resources/131","Cuban Stamps Collection, 1855-1968","The collection is open for research.","The Cuban Stamp Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections offers valuable insight into Cuban history through postage stamps spanning the mid-19th to mid-20th century. These stamps reflect the cultural, social, and political events that shaped Cuba during this transformative period. From being under Spanish colonial rule, to the establishment of the Cuban Republic, and the rise of the Cuban Revolution, these historical events are mirrored in the stamps themselves. In 1855, Cuba issued its first postage stamp under Spanish rule, marking the beginning of its postal service. During this period, the stamps were heavily influenced by Spain and featured imagery of the Spanish monarchy, reinforcing the connection between the Spanish Empire and Cuba.","As the 19th century came to a close, the Spanish-American War marked a pivotal moment for Cuba, shifting from a colony to an independent nation in 1902. This period saw significant changes on the island, reflected in stamps that showcased national pride, symbols of independence, and images celebrating Cuba's rich history and culture. Additionally, these stamps were used to promote tourism to Cuba. Throughout the 20th century, Cuba experienced global events such as World War I, World War II, and the Great Depression. These events contributed to political instability and frequent government changes, signaling a period of crisis on the island. During the Cold War, as the Soviet Union rose to power, the Cuban Revolution of 1959 began to reshape the nation. The stamps from this period reflect the country's transformation, with imagery of revolutionary figures like Castro and Cienfuegos, and messaging that glorified the revolution and its progress.","This collection captures the evolution of Cuban stamps as a form of communication and propaganda, mirroring the island's growing sense of self-identity and its changing relationship with foreign powers. The stamps feature images of Cuban culture, art, historical figures, national flora and fauna, and the tourism industry, all serving as tools to promote Cuba to the world. Preserving this collection provides an opportunity to explore how Cuba transformed over the course of a century. Researchers can examine the shifting political ideologies, international relations, and national identities reflected in the stamps. The Cuban Stamp Collection at FIU is not only a historical archive but also a testament to the cultural and social changes of the 20th century.","\nEl Cuban Stamp Collection del Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections ofrece una valiosa perspectiva de la historia de Cuba a través de los sellos postales que abarcan desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta mediados del siglo XX. Estos sellos reflejan los eventos culturales, sociales y políticos que dieron forma a Cuba durante este período transformador. Desde el dominio colonial español, pasando por la creación de la República Cubana, hasta el surgimiento de la Revolución Cubana, estos eventos históricos se reflejan en los sellos mismos. En 1855, Cuba emitió su primer sello postal bajo el dominio español, marcando el comienzo de su servicio postal. Durante este período, los sellos estuvieron fuertemente influenciados por España e incluían imágenes de la monarquía española, reforzando la conexión entre el Imperio Español y Cuba.","Al final del siglo XIX, la Guerra Hispanoamericana marcó un momento clave para Cuba, pasando de ser una colonia a una nación independiente en 1902. Este período vio cambios significativos en la isla, reflejados en los sellos que mostraban el orgullo nacional, símbolos de independencia e imágenes que celebraban la rica historia y cultura de Cuba. Además, estos sellos fueron utilizados para promover el turismo hacia Cuba. A lo largo del siglo XX, Cuba experimentó eventos globales como la Primera y Segunda Guerra Mundial, y la Gran Depresión. Estos eventos contribuyeron a la inestabilidad política y a los frecuentes cambios de gobierno, lo que señaló un período de crisis en la isla. Durante la Guerra Fría, con el auge de la Unión Soviética, la Revolución Cubana de 1959 comenzó a remodelar la nación. Los sellos de este período reflejan la transformación del país, con imágenes de figuras revolucionarias como Castro y Cienfuegos, y mensajes que glorificaban la revolución y su progreso.","Esta colección captura la evolución de los sellos cubanos como una forma de comunicación y propaganda, reflejando el creciente sentido de identidad nacional de la isla y su cambiante relación con las potencias extranjeras. Los sellos presentan imágenes de la cultura cubana, el arte, figuras históricas, la flora y fauna nacional, y la industria del turismo, todas sirviendo como herramientas para promover Cuba al mundo. Preservar esta colección brinda la oportunidad de explorar cómo Cuba se transformó a lo largo de un siglo. Los investigadores pueden examinar las ideologías políticas cambiantes, las relaciones internacionales y las identidades nacionales reflejadas en los sellos. La Colección de Sellos de Cuba en FIU no es solo un archivo histórico, sino también un testimonio de los cambios culturales y sociales del siglo XX.","The Cuban Stamp Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections is a comprehensive assortment of postage stamps throughout the history of Cuba during this transformative period during the 20th century. It spans from the mid-19th century to the beginnings of the Cuban Revolution and its after effects. It demonstrates social political change through stamps and how they use this form of media to create propaganda of the revolt. It also shows how they handle international relations with other nations and how it promotes cultural figures, the arts, tourism, animal and plant species, and worldwide events. This collection offers three books worth of stamp collections, ranging from 500-600 individual stamps per book. Preserving these stamps gives opportunity for researchers to find out themselves how the imagery and symbolism evolve as the Cuban Revolution progresses and develops. ","\nLa Cuban Stamp Collection en las Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections es una recopilación integral de sellos postales que abarca la historia de Cuba durante este período transformador del siglo XX. Se extiende desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta los comienzos de la Revolución Cubana y sus efectos posteriores. Demuestra el cambio social y político a través de los sellos y cómo se utiliza este medio como propaganda de la revuelta. También muestra cómo se manejan las relaciones internacionales con otras naciones y cómo se promueven figuras culturales, las artes, el turismo, especies animales y plantas, y eventos mundiales. Esta colección consta de tres libros que contienen colecciones de sellos, con un rango de 500-600 sellos individuales por libro. La preservación de estos sellos ofrece a los investigadores la oportunidad de descubrir por sí mismos cómo evolucionan las imágenes y los símbolos a medida que avanza y se desarrolla la Revolución Cubana.","Rights. The Cuban Stamps Collection are owned by Florida International University. Literary rights as possessed by the donor have been dedicated to public use for research, study, and scholarship. The collection is subject to all copyright laws.","Collection of Cuban stamps from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century.","FIU Special Collections","English Spanish; Castilian"],"unitid_tesim":["SPC9070","/repositories/2/resources/131"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1855-1968"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Cuban Stamps Collection, 1855-1968"],"collection_title_tesim":["Cuban Stamps Collection, 1855-1968"],"collection_ssim":["Cuban Stamps Collection, 1855-1968"],"repository_ssm":["FIU Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["Rights. The Cuban Stamps Collection are owned by Florida International University. Literary rights as possessed by the donor have been dedicated to public use for research, study, and scholarship. The collection is subject to all copyright laws."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3 items"],"extent_tesim":["3 items"],"date_range_isim":[1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Cuban Stamp Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections offers valuable insight into Cuban history through postage stamps spanning the mid-19th to mid-20th century. These stamps reflect the cultural, social, and political events that shaped Cuba during this transformative period. From being under Spanish colonial rule, to the establishment of the Cuban Republic, and the rise of the Cuban Revolution, these historical events are mirrored in the stamps themselves. In 1855, Cuba issued its first postage stamp under Spanish rule, marking the beginning of its postal service. During this period, the stamps were heavily influenced by Spain and featured imagery of the Spanish monarchy, reinforcing the connection between the Spanish Empire and Cuba.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAs the 19th century came to a close, the Spanish-American War marked a pivotal moment for Cuba, shifting from a colony to an independent nation in 1902. This period saw significant changes on the island, reflected in stamps that showcased national pride, symbols of independence, and images celebrating Cuba's rich history and culture. Additionally, these stamps were used to promote tourism to Cuba. Throughout the 20th century, Cuba experienced global events such as World War I, World War II, and the Great Depression. These events contributed to political instability and frequent government changes, signaling a period of crisis on the island. During the Cold War, as the Soviet Union rose to power, the Cuban Revolution of 1959 began to reshape the nation. The stamps from this period reflect the country's transformation, with imagery of revolutionary figures like Castro and Cienfuegos, and messaging that glorified the revolution and its progress.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis collection captures the evolution of Cuban stamps as a form of communication and propaganda, mirroring the island's growing sense of self-identity and its changing relationship with foreign powers. The stamps feature images of Cuban culture, art, historical figures, national flora and fauna, and the tourism industry, all serving as tools to promote Cuba to the world. Preserving this collection provides an opportunity to explore how Cuba transformed over the course of a century. Researchers can examine the shifting political ideologies, international relations, and national identities reflected in the stamps. The Cuban Stamp Collection at FIU is not only a historical archive but also a testament to the cultural and social changes of the 20th century.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nEl Cuban Stamp Collection del Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections ofrece una valiosa perspectiva de la historia de Cuba a trav\u0026#xE9;s de los sellos postales que abarcan desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta mediados del siglo XX. Estos sellos reflejan los eventos culturales, sociales y pol\u0026#xED;ticos que dieron forma a Cuba durante este per\u0026#xED;odo transformador. Desde el dominio colonial espa\u0026#xF1;ol, pasando por la creaci\u0026#xF3;n de la Rep\u0026#xFA;blica Cubana, hasta el surgimiento de la Revoluci\u0026#xF3;n Cubana, estos eventos hist\u0026#xF3;ricos se reflejan en los sellos mismos. En 1855, Cuba emiti\u0026#xF3; su primer sello postal bajo el dominio espa\u0026#xF1;ol, marcando el comienzo de su servicio postal. Durante este per\u0026#xED;odo, los sellos estuvieron fuertemente influenciados por Espa\u0026#xF1;a e inclu\u0026#xED;an im\u0026#xE1;genes de la monarqu\u0026#xED;a espa\u0026#xF1;ola, reforzando la conexi\u0026#xF3;n entre el Imperio Espa\u0026#xF1;ol y Cuba.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAl final del siglo XIX, la Guerra Hispanoamericana marc\u0026#xF3; un momento clave para Cuba, pasando de ser una colonia a una naci\u0026#xF3;n independiente en 1902. Este per\u0026#xED;odo vio cambios significativos en la isla, reflejados en los sellos que mostraban el orgullo nacional, s\u0026#xED;mbolos de independencia e im\u0026#xE1;genes que celebraban la rica historia y cultura de Cuba. Adem\u0026#xE1;s, estos sellos fueron utilizados para promover el turismo hacia Cuba. A lo largo del siglo XX, Cuba experiment\u0026#xF3; eventos globales como la Primera y Segunda Guerra Mundial, y la Gran Depresi\u0026#xF3;n. Estos eventos contribuyeron a la inestabilidad pol\u0026#xED;tica y a los frecuentes cambios de gobierno, lo que se\u0026#xF1;al\u0026#xF3; un per\u0026#xED;odo de crisis en la isla. Durante la Guerra Fr\u0026#xED;a, con el auge de la Uni\u0026#xF3;n Sovi\u0026#xE9;tica, la Revoluci\u0026#xF3;n Cubana de 1959 comenz\u0026#xF3; a remodelar la naci\u0026#xF3;n. Los sellos de este per\u0026#xED;odo reflejan la transformaci\u0026#xF3;n del pa\u0026#xED;s, con im\u0026#xE1;genes de figuras revolucionarias como Castro y Cienfuegos, y mensajes que glorificaban la revoluci\u0026#xF3;n y su progreso.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEsta colecci\u0026#xF3;n captura la evoluci\u0026#xF3;n de los sellos cubanos como una forma de comunicaci\u0026#xF3;n y propaganda, reflejando el creciente sentido de identidad nacional de la isla y su cambiante relaci\u0026#xF3;n con las potencias extranjeras. Los sellos presentan im\u0026#xE1;genes de la cultura cubana, el arte, figuras hist\u0026#xF3;ricas, la flora y fauna nacional, y la industria del turismo, todas sirviendo como herramientas para promover Cuba al mundo. Preservar esta colecci\u0026#xF3;n brinda la oportunidad de explorar c\u0026#xF3;mo Cuba se transform\u0026#xF3; a lo largo de un siglo. Los investigadores pueden examinar las ideolog\u0026#xED;as pol\u0026#xED;ticas cambiantes, las relaciones internacionales y las identidades nacionales reflejadas en los sellos. La Colecci\u0026#xF3;n de Sellos de Cuba en FIU no es solo un archivo hist\u0026#xF3;rico, sino tambi\u0026#xE9;n un testimonio de los cambios culturales y sociales del siglo XX.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Cuban Stamp Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections offers valuable insight into Cuban history through postage stamps spanning the mid-19th to mid-20th century. These stamps reflect the cultural, social, and political events that shaped Cuba during this transformative period. From being under Spanish colonial rule, to the establishment of the Cuban Republic, and the rise of the Cuban Revolution, these historical events are mirrored in the stamps themselves. In 1855, Cuba issued its first postage stamp under Spanish rule, marking the beginning of its postal service. During this period, the stamps were heavily influenced by Spain and featured imagery of the Spanish monarchy, reinforcing the connection between the Spanish Empire and Cuba.","As the 19th century came to a close, the Spanish-American War marked a pivotal moment for Cuba, shifting from a colony to an independent nation in 1902. This period saw significant changes on the island, reflected in stamps that showcased national pride, symbols of independence, and images celebrating Cuba's rich history and culture. Additionally, these stamps were used to promote tourism to Cuba. Throughout the 20th century, Cuba experienced global events such as World War I, World War II, and the Great Depression. These events contributed to political instability and frequent government changes, signaling a period of crisis on the island. During the Cold War, as the Soviet Union rose to power, the Cuban Revolution of 1959 began to reshape the nation. The stamps from this period reflect the country's transformation, with imagery of revolutionary figures like Castro and Cienfuegos, and messaging that glorified the revolution and its progress.","This collection captures the evolution of Cuban stamps as a form of communication and propaganda, mirroring the island's growing sense of self-identity and its changing relationship with foreign powers. The stamps feature images of Cuban culture, art, historical figures, national flora and fauna, and the tourism industry, all serving as tools to promote Cuba to the world. Preserving this collection provides an opportunity to explore how Cuba transformed over the course of a century. Researchers can examine the shifting political ideologies, international relations, and national identities reflected in the stamps. The Cuban Stamp Collection at FIU is not only a historical archive but also a testament to the cultural and social changes of the 20th century.","\nEl Cuban Stamp Collection del Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections ofrece una valiosa perspectiva de la historia de Cuba a través de los sellos postales que abarcan desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta mediados del siglo XX. Estos sellos reflejan los eventos culturales, sociales y políticos que dieron forma a Cuba durante este período transformador. Desde el dominio colonial español, pasando por la creación de la República Cubana, hasta el surgimiento de la Revolución Cubana, estos eventos históricos se reflejan en los sellos mismos. En 1855, Cuba emitió su primer sello postal bajo el dominio español, marcando el comienzo de su servicio postal. Durante este período, los sellos estuvieron fuertemente influenciados por España e incluían imágenes de la monarquía española, reforzando la conexión entre el Imperio Español y Cuba.","Al final del siglo XIX, la Guerra Hispanoamericana marcó un momento clave para Cuba, pasando de ser una colonia a una nación independiente en 1902. Este período vio cambios significativos en la isla, reflejados en los sellos que mostraban el orgullo nacional, símbolos de independencia e imágenes que celebraban la rica historia y cultura de Cuba. Además, estos sellos fueron utilizados para promover el turismo hacia Cuba. A lo largo del siglo XX, Cuba experimentó eventos globales como la Primera y Segunda Guerra Mundial, y la Gran Depresión. Estos eventos contribuyeron a la inestabilidad política y a los frecuentes cambios de gobierno, lo que señaló un período de crisis en la isla. Durante la Guerra Fría, con el auge de la Unión Soviética, la Revolución Cubana de 1959 comenzó a remodelar la nación. Los sellos de este período reflejan la transformación del país, con imágenes de figuras revolucionarias como Castro y Cienfuegos, y mensajes que glorificaban la revolución y su progreso.","Esta colección captura la evolución de los sellos cubanos como una forma de comunicación y propaganda, reflejando el creciente sentido de identidad nacional de la isla y su cambiante relación con las potencias extranjeras. Los sellos presentan imágenes de la cultura cubana, el arte, figuras históricas, la flora y fauna nacional, y la industria del turismo, todas sirviendo como herramientas para promover Cuba al mundo. Preservar esta colección brinda la oportunidad de explorar cómo Cuba se transformó a lo largo de un siglo. Los investigadores pueden examinar las ideologías políticas cambiantes, las relaciones internacionales y las identidades nacionales reflejadas en los sellos. La Colección de Sellos de Cuba en FIU no es solo un archivo histórico, sino también un testimonio de los cambios culturales y sociales del siglo XX."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Cuban Stamp Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections is a comprehensive assortment of postage stamps throughout the history of Cuba during this transformative period during the 20th century. It spans from the mid-19th century to the beginnings of the Cuban Revolution and its after effects. It demonstrates social political change through stamps and how they use this form of media to create propaganda of the revolt. It also shows how they handle international relations with other nations and how it promotes cultural figures, the arts, tourism, animal and plant species, and worldwide events. This collection offers three books worth of stamp collections, ranging from 500-600 individual stamps per book. Preserving these stamps gives opportunity for researchers to find out themselves how the imagery and symbolism evolve as the Cuban Revolution progresses and develops. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nLa Cuban Stamp Collection en las Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections es una recopilaci\u0026#xF3;n integral de sellos postales que abarca la historia de Cuba durante este per\u0026#xED;odo transformador del siglo XX. Se extiende desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta los comienzos de la Revoluci\u0026#xF3;n Cubana y sus efectos posteriores. Demuestra el cambio social y pol\u0026#xED;tico a trav\u0026#xE9;s de los sellos y c\u0026#xF3;mo se utiliza este medio como propaganda de la revuelta. Tambi\u0026#xE9;n muestra c\u0026#xF3;mo se manejan las relaciones internacionales con otras naciones y c\u0026#xF3;mo se promueven figuras culturales, las artes, el turismo, especies animales y plantas, y eventos mundiales. Esta colecci\u0026#xF3;n consta de tres libros que contienen colecciones de sellos, con un rango de 500-600 sellos individuales por libro. La preservaci\u0026#xF3;n de estos sellos ofrece a los investigadores la oportunidad de descubrir por s\u0026#xED; mismos c\u0026#xF3;mo evolucionan las im\u0026#xE1;genes y los s\u0026#xED;mbolos a medida que avanza y se desarrolla la Revoluci\u0026#xF3;n Cubana.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Cuban Stamp Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections is a comprehensive assortment of postage stamps throughout the history of Cuba during this transformative period during the 20th century. It spans from the mid-19th century to the beginnings of the Cuban Revolution and its after effects. It demonstrates social political change through stamps and how they use this form of media to create propaganda of the revolt. It also shows how they handle international relations with other nations and how it promotes cultural figures, the arts, tourism, animal and plant species, and worldwide events. This collection offers three books worth of stamp collections, ranging from 500-600 individual stamps per book. Preserving these stamps gives opportunity for researchers to find out themselves how the imagery and symbolism evolve as the Cuban Revolution progresses and develops. ","\nLa Cuban Stamp Collection en las Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections es una recopilación integral de sellos postales que abarca la historia de Cuba durante este período transformador del siglo XX. Se extiende desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta los comienzos de la Revolución Cubana y sus efectos posteriores. Demuestra el cambio social y político a través de los sellos y cómo se utiliza este medio como propaganda de la revuelta. También muestra cómo se manejan las relaciones internacionales con otras naciones y cómo se promueven figuras culturales, las artes, el turismo, especies animales y plantas, y eventos mundiales. Esta colección consta de tres libros que contienen colecciones de sellos, con un rango de 500-600 sellos individuales por libro. La preservación de estos sellos ofrece a los investigadores la oportunidad de descubrir por sí mismos cómo evolucionan las imágenes y los símbolos a medida que avanza y se desarrolla la Revolución Cubana."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRights. The Cuban Stamps Collection are owned by Florida International University. Literary rights as possessed by the donor have been dedicated to public use for research, study, and scholarship. The collection is subject to all copyright laws.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Rights. The Cuban Stamps Collection are owned by Florida International University. Literary rights as possessed by the donor have been dedicated to public use for research, study, and scholarship. The collection is subject to all copyright laws."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_4174f2603576483c6691a9df651e17c6\"\u003eCollection of Cuban stamps from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Collection of Cuban stamps from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century."],"names_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"corpname_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"language_ssim":["English Spanish; Castilian"],"total_component_count_is":3,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"aa862cad77720b140698c8fb","timestamp":"2026-04-21T02:12:13.039Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/aa862cad77720b140698c8fb_aspace_a70ad86405ac225b1752648231eab412"}},{"id":"aa862cad77720b140698c8fb_aspace_82a3f7316e92fc3a656228c49b9e6c08","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Volume II, bulk 1855-1968","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/aa862cad77720b140698c8fb_aspace_82a3f7316e92fc3a656228c49b9e6c08#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_82a3f7316e92fc3a656228c49b9e6c08","ref_ssm":["aspace_82a3f7316e92fc3a656228c49b9e6c08","aspace_82a3f7316e92fc3a656228c49b9e6c08"],"id":"aa862cad77720b140698c8fb_aspace_82a3f7316e92fc3a656228c49b9e6c08","title_filing_ssi":"Volume II","title_ssm":["Volume II"],"title_tesim":["Volume II"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1855-1968"],"normalized_date_ssm":["bulk 1855-1968"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Volume II, bulk 1855-1968"],"text":["Volume II, bulk 1855-1968","Cuban Stamps Collection, 1855-1968","2","/repositories/2/archival_objects/86396","Spanish; Castilian"],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ids_ssim":["aa862cad77720b140698c8fb"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Cuban Stamps Collection, 1855-1968"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Cuban Stamps Collection, 1855-1968"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"unitid_ssm":["2","/repositories/2/archival_objects/86396"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Cuban Stamps Collection, 1855-1968"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":2,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Rights. The Cuban Stamps Collection are owned by Florida International University. Literary rights as possessed by the donor have been dedicated to public use for research, study, and scholarship. The collection is subject to all copyright laws."],"date_range_isim":[1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968],"language_ssim":["Spanish; Castilian"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1","_nest_parent_":"aa862cad77720b140698c8fb","_root_":"aa862cad77720b140698c8fb","timestamp":"2026-04-21T02:12:13.039Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"aa862cad77720b140698c8fb","title_ssm":["Cuban Stamps Collection"],"title_tesim":["Cuban Stamps Collection"],"ead_ssi":"aa862cad77720b140698c8fb","unitdate_ssm":["1855-1968"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1855-1968"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SPC9070","/repositories/2/resources/131"],"text":["SPC9070","/repositories/2/resources/131","Cuban Stamps Collection, 1855-1968","The collection is open for research.","The Cuban Stamp Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections offers valuable insight into Cuban history through postage stamps spanning the mid-19th to mid-20th century. These stamps reflect the cultural, social, and political events that shaped Cuba during this transformative period. From being under Spanish colonial rule, to the establishment of the Cuban Republic, and the rise of the Cuban Revolution, these historical events are mirrored in the stamps themselves. In 1855, Cuba issued its first postage stamp under Spanish rule, marking the beginning of its postal service. During this period, the stamps were heavily influenced by Spain and featured imagery of the Spanish monarchy, reinforcing the connection between the Spanish Empire and Cuba.","As the 19th century came to a close, the Spanish-American War marked a pivotal moment for Cuba, shifting from a colony to an independent nation in 1902. This period saw significant changes on the island, reflected in stamps that showcased national pride, symbols of independence, and images celebrating Cuba's rich history and culture. Additionally, these stamps were used to promote tourism to Cuba. Throughout the 20th century, Cuba experienced global events such as World War I, World War II, and the Great Depression. These events contributed to political instability and frequent government changes, signaling a period of crisis on the island. During the Cold War, as the Soviet Union rose to power, the Cuban Revolution of 1959 began to reshape the nation. The stamps from this period reflect the country's transformation, with imagery of revolutionary figures like Castro and Cienfuegos, and messaging that glorified the revolution and its progress.","This collection captures the evolution of Cuban stamps as a form of communication and propaganda, mirroring the island's growing sense of self-identity and its changing relationship with foreign powers. The stamps feature images of Cuban culture, art, historical figures, national flora and fauna, and the tourism industry, all serving as tools to promote Cuba to the world. Preserving this collection provides an opportunity to explore how Cuba transformed over the course of a century. Researchers can examine the shifting political ideologies, international relations, and national identities reflected in the stamps. The Cuban Stamp Collection at FIU is not only a historical archive but also a testament to the cultural and social changes of the 20th century.","\nEl Cuban Stamp Collection del Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections ofrece una valiosa perspectiva de la historia de Cuba a través de los sellos postales que abarcan desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta mediados del siglo XX. Estos sellos reflejan los eventos culturales, sociales y políticos que dieron forma a Cuba durante este período transformador. Desde el dominio colonial español, pasando por la creación de la República Cubana, hasta el surgimiento de la Revolución Cubana, estos eventos históricos se reflejan en los sellos mismos. En 1855, Cuba emitió su primer sello postal bajo el dominio español, marcando el comienzo de su servicio postal. Durante este período, los sellos estuvieron fuertemente influenciados por España e incluían imágenes de la monarquía española, reforzando la conexión entre el Imperio Español y Cuba.","Al final del siglo XIX, la Guerra Hispanoamericana marcó un momento clave para Cuba, pasando de ser una colonia a una nación independiente en 1902. Este período vio cambios significativos en la isla, reflejados en los sellos que mostraban el orgullo nacional, símbolos de independencia e imágenes que celebraban la rica historia y cultura de Cuba. Además, estos sellos fueron utilizados para promover el turismo hacia Cuba. A lo largo del siglo XX, Cuba experimentó eventos globales como la Primera y Segunda Guerra Mundial, y la Gran Depresión. Estos eventos contribuyeron a la inestabilidad política y a los frecuentes cambios de gobierno, lo que señaló un período de crisis en la isla. Durante la Guerra Fría, con el auge de la Unión Soviética, la Revolución Cubana de 1959 comenzó a remodelar la nación. Los sellos de este período reflejan la transformación del país, con imágenes de figuras revolucionarias como Castro y Cienfuegos, y mensajes que glorificaban la revolución y su progreso.","Esta colección captura la evolución de los sellos cubanos como una forma de comunicación y propaganda, reflejando el creciente sentido de identidad nacional de la isla y su cambiante relación con las potencias extranjeras. Los sellos presentan imágenes de la cultura cubana, el arte, figuras históricas, la flora y fauna nacional, y la industria del turismo, todas sirviendo como herramientas para promover Cuba al mundo. Preservar esta colección brinda la oportunidad de explorar cómo Cuba se transformó a lo largo de un siglo. Los investigadores pueden examinar las ideologías políticas cambiantes, las relaciones internacionales y las identidades nacionales reflejadas en los sellos. La Colección de Sellos de Cuba en FIU no es solo un archivo histórico, sino también un testimonio de los cambios culturales y sociales del siglo XX.","The Cuban Stamp Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections is a comprehensive assortment of postage stamps throughout the history of Cuba during this transformative period during the 20th century. It spans from the mid-19th century to the beginnings of the Cuban Revolution and its after effects. It demonstrates social political change through stamps and how they use this form of media to create propaganda of the revolt. It also shows how they handle international relations with other nations and how it promotes cultural figures, the arts, tourism, animal and plant species, and worldwide events. This collection offers three books worth of stamp collections, ranging from 500-600 individual stamps per book. Preserving these stamps gives opportunity for researchers to find out themselves how the imagery and symbolism evolve as the Cuban Revolution progresses and develops. ","\nLa Cuban Stamp Collection en las Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections es una recopilación integral de sellos postales que abarca la historia de Cuba durante este período transformador del siglo XX. Se extiende desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta los comienzos de la Revolución Cubana y sus efectos posteriores. Demuestra el cambio social y político a través de los sellos y cómo se utiliza este medio como propaganda de la revuelta. También muestra cómo se manejan las relaciones internacionales con otras naciones y cómo se promueven figuras culturales, las artes, el turismo, especies animales y plantas, y eventos mundiales. Esta colección consta de tres libros que contienen colecciones de sellos, con un rango de 500-600 sellos individuales por libro. La preservación de estos sellos ofrece a los investigadores la oportunidad de descubrir por sí mismos cómo evolucionan las imágenes y los símbolos a medida que avanza y se desarrolla la Revolución Cubana.","Rights. The Cuban Stamps Collection are owned by Florida International University. Literary rights as possessed by the donor have been dedicated to public use for research, study, and scholarship. The collection is subject to all copyright laws.","Collection of Cuban stamps from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century.","FIU Special Collections","English Spanish; Castilian"],"unitid_tesim":["SPC9070","/repositories/2/resources/131"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1855-1968"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Cuban Stamps Collection, 1855-1968"],"collection_title_tesim":["Cuban Stamps Collection, 1855-1968"],"collection_ssim":["Cuban Stamps Collection, 1855-1968"],"repository_ssm":["FIU Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["Rights. The Cuban Stamps Collection are owned by Florida International University. Literary rights as possessed by the donor have been dedicated to public use for research, study, and scholarship. The collection is subject to all copyright laws."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3 items"],"extent_tesim":["3 items"],"date_range_isim":[1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Cuban Stamp Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections offers valuable insight into Cuban history through postage stamps spanning the mid-19th to mid-20th century. These stamps reflect the cultural, social, and political events that shaped Cuba during this transformative period. From being under Spanish colonial rule, to the establishment of the Cuban Republic, and the rise of the Cuban Revolution, these historical events are mirrored in the stamps themselves. In 1855, Cuba issued its first postage stamp under Spanish rule, marking the beginning of its postal service. During this period, the stamps were heavily influenced by Spain and featured imagery of the Spanish monarchy, reinforcing the connection between the Spanish Empire and Cuba.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAs the 19th century came to a close, the Spanish-American War marked a pivotal moment for Cuba, shifting from a colony to an independent nation in 1902. This period saw significant changes on the island, reflected in stamps that showcased national pride, symbols of independence, and images celebrating Cuba's rich history and culture. Additionally, these stamps were used to promote tourism to Cuba. Throughout the 20th century, Cuba experienced global events such as World War I, World War II, and the Great Depression. These events contributed to political instability and frequent government changes, signaling a period of crisis on the island. During the Cold War, as the Soviet Union rose to power, the Cuban Revolution of 1959 began to reshape the nation. The stamps from this period reflect the country's transformation, with imagery of revolutionary figures like Castro and Cienfuegos, and messaging that glorified the revolution and its progress.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis collection captures the evolution of Cuban stamps as a form of communication and propaganda, mirroring the island's growing sense of self-identity and its changing relationship with foreign powers. The stamps feature images of Cuban culture, art, historical figures, national flora and fauna, and the tourism industry, all serving as tools to promote Cuba to the world. Preserving this collection provides an opportunity to explore how Cuba transformed over the course of a century. Researchers can examine the shifting political ideologies, international relations, and national identities reflected in the stamps. The Cuban Stamp Collection at FIU is not only a historical archive but also a testament to the cultural and social changes of the 20th century.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nEl Cuban Stamp Collection del Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections ofrece una valiosa perspectiva de la historia de Cuba a trav\u0026#xE9;s de los sellos postales que abarcan desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta mediados del siglo XX. Estos sellos reflejan los eventos culturales, sociales y pol\u0026#xED;ticos que dieron forma a Cuba durante este per\u0026#xED;odo transformador. Desde el dominio colonial espa\u0026#xF1;ol, pasando por la creaci\u0026#xF3;n de la Rep\u0026#xFA;blica Cubana, hasta el surgimiento de la Revoluci\u0026#xF3;n Cubana, estos eventos hist\u0026#xF3;ricos se reflejan en los sellos mismos. En 1855, Cuba emiti\u0026#xF3; su primer sello postal bajo el dominio espa\u0026#xF1;ol, marcando el comienzo de su servicio postal. Durante este per\u0026#xED;odo, los sellos estuvieron fuertemente influenciados por Espa\u0026#xF1;a e inclu\u0026#xED;an im\u0026#xE1;genes de la monarqu\u0026#xED;a espa\u0026#xF1;ola, reforzando la conexi\u0026#xF3;n entre el Imperio Espa\u0026#xF1;ol y Cuba.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAl final del siglo XIX, la Guerra Hispanoamericana marc\u0026#xF3; un momento clave para Cuba, pasando de ser una colonia a una naci\u0026#xF3;n independiente en 1902. Este per\u0026#xED;odo vio cambios significativos en la isla, reflejados en los sellos que mostraban el orgullo nacional, s\u0026#xED;mbolos de independencia e im\u0026#xE1;genes que celebraban la rica historia y cultura de Cuba. Adem\u0026#xE1;s, estos sellos fueron utilizados para promover el turismo hacia Cuba. A lo largo del siglo XX, Cuba experiment\u0026#xF3; eventos globales como la Primera y Segunda Guerra Mundial, y la Gran Depresi\u0026#xF3;n. Estos eventos contribuyeron a la inestabilidad pol\u0026#xED;tica y a los frecuentes cambios de gobierno, lo que se\u0026#xF1;al\u0026#xF3; un per\u0026#xED;odo de crisis en la isla. Durante la Guerra Fr\u0026#xED;a, con el auge de la Uni\u0026#xF3;n Sovi\u0026#xE9;tica, la Revoluci\u0026#xF3;n Cubana de 1959 comenz\u0026#xF3; a remodelar la naci\u0026#xF3;n. Los sellos de este per\u0026#xED;odo reflejan la transformaci\u0026#xF3;n del pa\u0026#xED;s, con im\u0026#xE1;genes de figuras revolucionarias como Castro y Cienfuegos, y mensajes que glorificaban la revoluci\u0026#xF3;n y su progreso.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEsta colecci\u0026#xF3;n captura la evoluci\u0026#xF3;n de los sellos cubanos como una forma de comunicaci\u0026#xF3;n y propaganda, reflejando el creciente sentido de identidad nacional de la isla y su cambiante relaci\u0026#xF3;n con las potencias extranjeras. Los sellos presentan im\u0026#xE1;genes de la cultura cubana, el arte, figuras hist\u0026#xF3;ricas, la flora y fauna nacional, y la industria del turismo, todas sirviendo como herramientas para promover Cuba al mundo. Preservar esta colecci\u0026#xF3;n brinda la oportunidad de explorar c\u0026#xF3;mo Cuba se transform\u0026#xF3; a lo largo de un siglo. Los investigadores pueden examinar las ideolog\u0026#xED;as pol\u0026#xED;ticas cambiantes, las relaciones internacionales y las identidades nacionales reflejadas en los sellos. La Colecci\u0026#xF3;n de Sellos de Cuba en FIU no es solo un archivo hist\u0026#xF3;rico, sino tambi\u0026#xE9;n un testimonio de los cambios culturales y sociales del siglo XX.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Cuban Stamp Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections offers valuable insight into Cuban history through postage stamps spanning the mid-19th to mid-20th century. These stamps reflect the cultural, social, and political events that shaped Cuba during this transformative period. From being under Spanish colonial rule, to the establishment of the Cuban Republic, and the rise of the Cuban Revolution, these historical events are mirrored in the stamps themselves. In 1855, Cuba issued its first postage stamp under Spanish rule, marking the beginning of its postal service. During this period, the stamps were heavily influenced by Spain and featured imagery of the Spanish monarchy, reinforcing the connection between the Spanish Empire and Cuba.","As the 19th century came to a close, the Spanish-American War marked a pivotal moment for Cuba, shifting from a colony to an independent nation in 1902. This period saw significant changes on the island, reflected in stamps that showcased national pride, symbols of independence, and images celebrating Cuba's rich history and culture. Additionally, these stamps were used to promote tourism to Cuba. Throughout the 20th century, Cuba experienced global events such as World War I, World War II, and the Great Depression. These events contributed to political instability and frequent government changes, signaling a period of crisis on the island. During the Cold War, as the Soviet Union rose to power, the Cuban Revolution of 1959 began to reshape the nation. The stamps from this period reflect the country's transformation, with imagery of revolutionary figures like Castro and Cienfuegos, and messaging that glorified the revolution and its progress.","This collection captures the evolution of Cuban stamps as a form of communication and propaganda, mirroring the island's growing sense of self-identity and its changing relationship with foreign powers. The stamps feature images of Cuban culture, art, historical figures, national flora and fauna, and the tourism industry, all serving as tools to promote Cuba to the world. Preserving this collection provides an opportunity to explore how Cuba transformed over the course of a century. Researchers can examine the shifting political ideologies, international relations, and national identities reflected in the stamps. The Cuban Stamp Collection at FIU is not only a historical archive but also a testament to the cultural and social changes of the 20th century.","\nEl Cuban Stamp Collection del Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections ofrece una valiosa perspectiva de la historia de Cuba a través de los sellos postales que abarcan desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta mediados del siglo XX. Estos sellos reflejan los eventos culturales, sociales y políticos que dieron forma a Cuba durante este período transformador. Desde el dominio colonial español, pasando por la creación de la República Cubana, hasta el surgimiento de la Revolución Cubana, estos eventos históricos se reflejan en los sellos mismos. En 1855, Cuba emitió su primer sello postal bajo el dominio español, marcando el comienzo de su servicio postal. Durante este período, los sellos estuvieron fuertemente influenciados por España e incluían imágenes de la monarquía española, reforzando la conexión entre el Imperio Español y Cuba.","Al final del siglo XIX, la Guerra Hispanoamericana marcó un momento clave para Cuba, pasando de ser una colonia a una nación independiente en 1902. Este período vio cambios significativos en la isla, reflejados en los sellos que mostraban el orgullo nacional, símbolos de independencia e imágenes que celebraban la rica historia y cultura de Cuba. Además, estos sellos fueron utilizados para promover el turismo hacia Cuba. A lo largo del siglo XX, Cuba experimentó eventos globales como la Primera y Segunda Guerra Mundial, y la Gran Depresión. Estos eventos contribuyeron a la inestabilidad política y a los frecuentes cambios de gobierno, lo que señaló un período de crisis en la isla. Durante la Guerra Fría, con el auge de la Unión Soviética, la Revolución Cubana de 1959 comenzó a remodelar la nación. Los sellos de este período reflejan la transformación del país, con imágenes de figuras revolucionarias como Castro y Cienfuegos, y mensajes que glorificaban la revolución y su progreso.","Esta colección captura la evolución de los sellos cubanos como una forma de comunicación y propaganda, reflejando el creciente sentido de identidad nacional de la isla y su cambiante relación con las potencias extranjeras. Los sellos presentan imágenes de la cultura cubana, el arte, figuras históricas, la flora y fauna nacional, y la industria del turismo, todas sirviendo como herramientas para promover Cuba al mundo. Preservar esta colección brinda la oportunidad de explorar cómo Cuba se transformó a lo largo de un siglo. Los investigadores pueden examinar las ideologías políticas cambiantes, las relaciones internacionales y las identidades nacionales reflejadas en los sellos. La Colección de Sellos de Cuba en FIU no es solo un archivo histórico, sino también un testimonio de los cambios culturales y sociales del siglo XX."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Cuban Stamp Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections is a comprehensive assortment of postage stamps throughout the history of Cuba during this transformative period during the 20th century. It spans from the mid-19th century to the beginnings of the Cuban Revolution and its after effects. It demonstrates social political change through stamps and how they use this form of media to create propaganda of the revolt. It also shows how they handle international relations with other nations and how it promotes cultural figures, the arts, tourism, animal and plant species, and worldwide events. This collection offers three books worth of stamp collections, ranging from 500-600 individual stamps per book. Preserving these stamps gives opportunity for researchers to find out themselves how the imagery and symbolism evolve as the Cuban Revolution progresses and develops. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nLa Cuban Stamp Collection en las Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections es una recopilaci\u0026#xF3;n integral de sellos postales que abarca la historia de Cuba durante este per\u0026#xED;odo transformador del siglo XX. Se extiende desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta los comienzos de la Revoluci\u0026#xF3;n Cubana y sus efectos posteriores. Demuestra el cambio social y pol\u0026#xED;tico a trav\u0026#xE9;s de los sellos y c\u0026#xF3;mo se utiliza este medio como propaganda de la revuelta. Tambi\u0026#xE9;n muestra c\u0026#xF3;mo se manejan las relaciones internacionales con otras naciones y c\u0026#xF3;mo se promueven figuras culturales, las artes, el turismo, especies animales y plantas, y eventos mundiales. Esta colecci\u0026#xF3;n consta de tres libros que contienen colecciones de sellos, con un rango de 500-600 sellos individuales por libro. La preservaci\u0026#xF3;n de estos sellos ofrece a los investigadores la oportunidad de descubrir por s\u0026#xED; mismos c\u0026#xF3;mo evolucionan las im\u0026#xE1;genes y los s\u0026#xED;mbolos a medida que avanza y se desarrolla la Revoluci\u0026#xF3;n Cubana.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Cuban Stamp Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections is a comprehensive assortment of postage stamps throughout the history of Cuba during this transformative period during the 20th century. It spans from the mid-19th century to the beginnings of the Cuban Revolution and its after effects. It demonstrates social political change through stamps and how they use this form of media to create propaganda of the revolt. It also shows how they handle international relations with other nations and how it promotes cultural figures, the arts, tourism, animal and plant species, and worldwide events. This collection offers three books worth of stamp collections, ranging from 500-600 individual stamps per book. Preserving these stamps gives opportunity for researchers to find out themselves how the imagery and symbolism evolve as the Cuban Revolution progresses and develops. ","\nLa Cuban Stamp Collection en las Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections es una recopilación integral de sellos postales que abarca la historia de Cuba durante este período transformador del siglo XX. Se extiende desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta los comienzos de la Revolución Cubana y sus efectos posteriores. Demuestra el cambio social y político a través de los sellos y cómo se utiliza este medio como propaganda de la revuelta. También muestra cómo se manejan las relaciones internacionales con otras naciones y cómo se promueven figuras culturales, las artes, el turismo, especies animales y plantas, y eventos mundiales. Esta colección consta de tres libros que contienen colecciones de sellos, con un rango de 500-600 sellos individuales por libro. La preservación de estos sellos ofrece a los investigadores la oportunidad de descubrir por sí mismos cómo evolucionan las imágenes y los símbolos a medida que avanza y se desarrolla la Revolución Cubana."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRights. The Cuban Stamps Collection are owned by Florida International University. Literary rights as possessed by the donor have been dedicated to public use for research, study, and scholarship. The collection is subject to all copyright laws.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Rights. The Cuban Stamps Collection are owned by Florida International University. Literary rights as possessed by the donor have been dedicated to public use for research, study, and scholarship. The collection is subject to all copyright laws."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_4174f2603576483c6691a9df651e17c6\"\u003eCollection of Cuban stamps from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Collection of Cuban stamps from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century."],"names_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"corpname_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"language_ssim":["English Spanish; Castilian"],"total_component_count_is":3,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"aa862cad77720b140698c8fb","timestamp":"2026-04-21T02:12:13.039Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/aa862cad77720b140698c8fb_aspace_82a3f7316e92fc3a656228c49b9e6c08"}},{"id":"aa862cad77720b140698c8fb_aspace_620a3f9a12cadc8456710765f96a9581","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Volume III, bulk 1855-1968","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/aa862cad77720b140698c8fb_aspace_620a3f9a12cadc8456710765f96a9581#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_620a3f9a12cadc8456710765f96a9581","ref_ssm":["aspace_620a3f9a12cadc8456710765f96a9581","aspace_620a3f9a12cadc8456710765f96a9581"],"id":"aa862cad77720b140698c8fb_aspace_620a3f9a12cadc8456710765f96a9581","title_filing_ssi":"Volume III","title_ssm":["Volume III"],"title_tesim":["Volume III"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1855-1968"],"normalized_date_ssm":["bulk 1855-1968"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Volume III, bulk 1855-1968"],"text":["Volume III, bulk 1855-1968","Cuban Stamps Collection, 1855-1968","3","/repositories/2/archival_objects/86400","Spanish; Castilian"],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ids_ssim":["aa862cad77720b140698c8fb"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Cuban Stamps Collection, 1855-1968"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Cuban Stamps Collection, 1855-1968"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"unitid_ssm":["3","/repositories/2/archival_objects/86400"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Cuban Stamps Collection, 1855-1968"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":3,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Rights. The Cuban Stamps Collection are owned by Florida International University. Literary rights as possessed by the donor have been dedicated to public use for research, study, and scholarship. The collection is subject to all copyright laws."],"date_range_isim":[1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968],"language_ssim":["Spanish; Castilian"],"_nest_path_":"/components#2","_nest_parent_":"aa862cad77720b140698c8fb","_root_":"aa862cad77720b140698c8fb","timestamp":"2026-04-21T02:12:13.039Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"aa862cad77720b140698c8fb","title_ssm":["Cuban Stamps Collection"],"title_tesim":["Cuban Stamps Collection"],"ead_ssi":"aa862cad77720b140698c8fb","unitdate_ssm":["1855-1968"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1855-1968"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SPC9070","/repositories/2/resources/131"],"text":["SPC9070","/repositories/2/resources/131","Cuban Stamps Collection, 1855-1968","The collection is open for research.","The Cuban Stamp Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections offers valuable insight into Cuban history through postage stamps spanning the mid-19th to mid-20th century. These stamps reflect the cultural, social, and political events that shaped Cuba during this transformative period. From being under Spanish colonial rule, to the establishment of the Cuban Republic, and the rise of the Cuban Revolution, these historical events are mirrored in the stamps themselves. In 1855, Cuba issued its first postage stamp under Spanish rule, marking the beginning of its postal service. During this period, the stamps were heavily influenced by Spain and featured imagery of the Spanish monarchy, reinforcing the connection between the Spanish Empire and Cuba.","As the 19th century came to a close, the Spanish-American War marked a pivotal moment for Cuba, shifting from a colony to an independent nation in 1902. This period saw significant changes on the island, reflected in stamps that showcased national pride, symbols of independence, and images celebrating Cuba's rich history and culture. Additionally, these stamps were used to promote tourism to Cuba. Throughout the 20th century, Cuba experienced global events such as World War I, World War II, and the Great Depression. These events contributed to political instability and frequent government changes, signaling a period of crisis on the island. During the Cold War, as the Soviet Union rose to power, the Cuban Revolution of 1959 began to reshape the nation. The stamps from this period reflect the country's transformation, with imagery of revolutionary figures like Castro and Cienfuegos, and messaging that glorified the revolution and its progress.","This collection captures the evolution of Cuban stamps as a form of communication and propaganda, mirroring the island's growing sense of self-identity and its changing relationship with foreign powers. The stamps feature images of Cuban culture, art, historical figures, national flora and fauna, and the tourism industry, all serving as tools to promote Cuba to the world. Preserving this collection provides an opportunity to explore how Cuba transformed over the course of a century. Researchers can examine the shifting political ideologies, international relations, and national identities reflected in the stamps. The Cuban Stamp Collection at FIU is not only a historical archive but also a testament to the cultural and social changes of the 20th century.","\nEl Cuban Stamp Collection del Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections ofrece una valiosa perspectiva de la historia de Cuba a través de los sellos postales que abarcan desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta mediados del siglo XX. Estos sellos reflejan los eventos culturales, sociales y políticos que dieron forma a Cuba durante este período transformador. Desde el dominio colonial español, pasando por la creación de la República Cubana, hasta el surgimiento de la Revolución Cubana, estos eventos históricos se reflejan en los sellos mismos. En 1855, Cuba emitió su primer sello postal bajo el dominio español, marcando el comienzo de su servicio postal. Durante este período, los sellos estuvieron fuertemente influenciados por España e incluían imágenes de la monarquía española, reforzando la conexión entre el Imperio Español y Cuba.","Al final del siglo XIX, la Guerra Hispanoamericana marcó un momento clave para Cuba, pasando de ser una colonia a una nación independiente en 1902. Este período vio cambios significativos en la isla, reflejados en los sellos que mostraban el orgullo nacional, símbolos de independencia e imágenes que celebraban la rica historia y cultura de Cuba. Además, estos sellos fueron utilizados para promover el turismo hacia Cuba. A lo largo del siglo XX, Cuba experimentó eventos globales como la Primera y Segunda Guerra Mundial, y la Gran Depresión. Estos eventos contribuyeron a la inestabilidad política y a los frecuentes cambios de gobierno, lo que señaló un período de crisis en la isla. Durante la Guerra Fría, con el auge de la Unión Soviética, la Revolución Cubana de 1959 comenzó a remodelar la nación. Los sellos de este período reflejan la transformación del país, con imágenes de figuras revolucionarias como Castro y Cienfuegos, y mensajes que glorificaban la revolución y su progreso.","Esta colección captura la evolución de los sellos cubanos como una forma de comunicación y propaganda, reflejando el creciente sentido de identidad nacional de la isla y su cambiante relación con las potencias extranjeras. Los sellos presentan imágenes de la cultura cubana, el arte, figuras históricas, la flora y fauna nacional, y la industria del turismo, todas sirviendo como herramientas para promover Cuba al mundo. Preservar esta colección brinda la oportunidad de explorar cómo Cuba se transformó a lo largo de un siglo. Los investigadores pueden examinar las ideologías políticas cambiantes, las relaciones internacionales y las identidades nacionales reflejadas en los sellos. La Colección de Sellos de Cuba en FIU no es solo un archivo histórico, sino también un testimonio de los cambios culturales y sociales del siglo XX.","The Cuban Stamp Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections is a comprehensive assortment of postage stamps throughout the history of Cuba during this transformative period during the 20th century. It spans from the mid-19th century to the beginnings of the Cuban Revolution and its after effects. It demonstrates social political change through stamps and how they use this form of media to create propaganda of the revolt. It also shows how they handle international relations with other nations and how it promotes cultural figures, the arts, tourism, animal and plant species, and worldwide events. This collection offers three books worth of stamp collections, ranging from 500-600 individual stamps per book. Preserving these stamps gives opportunity for researchers to find out themselves how the imagery and symbolism evolve as the Cuban Revolution progresses and develops. ","\nLa Cuban Stamp Collection en las Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections es una recopilación integral de sellos postales que abarca la historia de Cuba durante este período transformador del siglo XX. Se extiende desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta los comienzos de la Revolución Cubana y sus efectos posteriores. Demuestra el cambio social y político a través de los sellos y cómo se utiliza este medio como propaganda de la revuelta. También muestra cómo se manejan las relaciones internacionales con otras naciones y cómo se promueven figuras culturales, las artes, el turismo, especies animales y plantas, y eventos mundiales. Esta colección consta de tres libros que contienen colecciones de sellos, con un rango de 500-600 sellos individuales por libro. La preservación de estos sellos ofrece a los investigadores la oportunidad de descubrir por sí mismos cómo evolucionan las imágenes y los símbolos a medida que avanza y se desarrolla la Revolución Cubana.","Rights. The Cuban Stamps Collection are owned by Florida International University. Literary rights as possessed by the donor have been dedicated to public use for research, study, and scholarship. The collection is subject to all copyright laws.","Collection of Cuban stamps from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century.","FIU Special Collections","English Spanish; Castilian"],"unitid_tesim":["SPC9070","/repositories/2/resources/131"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1855-1968"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Cuban Stamps Collection, 1855-1968"],"collection_title_tesim":["Cuban Stamps Collection, 1855-1968"],"collection_ssim":["Cuban Stamps Collection, 1855-1968"],"repository_ssm":["FIU Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["Rights. The Cuban Stamps Collection are owned by Florida International University. Literary rights as possessed by the donor have been dedicated to public use for research, study, and scholarship. The collection is subject to all copyright laws."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3 items"],"extent_tesim":["3 items"],"date_range_isim":[1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Cuban Stamp Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections offers valuable insight into Cuban history through postage stamps spanning the mid-19th to mid-20th century. These stamps reflect the cultural, social, and political events that shaped Cuba during this transformative period. From being under Spanish colonial rule, to the establishment of the Cuban Republic, and the rise of the Cuban Revolution, these historical events are mirrored in the stamps themselves. In 1855, Cuba issued its first postage stamp under Spanish rule, marking the beginning of its postal service. During this period, the stamps were heavily influenced by Spain and featured imagery of the Spanish monarchy, reinforcing the connection between the Spanish Empire and Cuba.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAs the 19th century came to a close, the Spanish-American War marked a pivotal moment for Cuba, shifting from a colony to an independent nation in 1902. This period saw significant changes on the island, reflected in stamps that showcased national pride, symbols of independence, and images celebrating Cuba's rich history and culture. Additionally, these stamps were used to promote tourism to Cuba. Throughout the 20th century, Cuba experienced global events such as World War I, World War II, and the Great Depression. These events contributed to political instability and frequent government changes, signaling a period of crisis on the island. During the Cold War, as the Soviet Union rose to power, the Cuban Revolution of 1959 began to reshape the nation. The stamps from this period reflect the country's transformation, with imagery of revolutionary figures like Castro and Cienfuegos, and messaging that glorified the revolution and its progress.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis collection captures the evolution of Cuban stamps as a form of communication and propaganda, mirroring the island's growing sense of self-identity and its changing relationship with foreign powers. The stamps feature images of Cuban culture, art, historical figures, national flora and fauna, and the tourism industry, all serving as tools to promote Cuba to the world. Preserving this collection provides an opportunity to explore how Cuba transformed over the course of a century. Researchers can examine the shifting political ideologies, international relations, and national identities reflected in the stamps. The Cuban Stamp Collection at FIU is not only a historical archive but also a testament to the cultural and social changes of the 20th century.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nEl Cuban Stamp Collection del Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections ofrece una valiosa perspectiva de la historia de Cuba a trav\u0026#xE9;s de los sellos postales que abarcan desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta mediados del siglo XX. Estos sellos reflejan los eventos culturales, sociales y pol\u0026#xED;ticos que dieron forma a Cuba durante este per\u0026#xED;odo transformador. Desde el dominio colonial espa\u0026#xF1;ol, pasando por la creaci\u0026#xF3;n de la Rep\u0026#xFA;blica Cubana, hasta el surgimiento de la Revoluci\u0026#xF3;n Cubana, estos eventos hist\u0026#xF3;ricos se reflejan en los sellos mismos. En 1855, Cuba emiti\u0026#xF3; su primer sello postal bajo el dominio espa\u0026#xF1;ol, marcando el comienzo de su servicio postal. Durante este per\u0026#xED;odo, los sellos estuvieron fuertemente influenciados por Espa\u0026#xF1;a e inclu\u0026#xED;an im\u0026#xE1;genes de la monarqu\u0026#xED;a espa\u0026#xF1;ola, reforzando la conexi\u0026#xF3;n entre el Imperio Espa\u0026#xF1;ol y Cuba.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAl final del siglo XIX, la Guerra Hispanoamericana marc\u0026#xF3; un momento clave para Cuba, pasando de ser una colonia a una naci\u0026#xF3;n independiente en 1902. Este per\u0026#xED;odo vio cambios significativos en la isla, reflejados en los sellos que mostraban el orgullo nacional, s\u0026#xED;mbolos de independencia e im\u0026#xE1;genes que celebraban la rica historia y cultura de Cuba. Adem\u0026#xE1;s, estos sellos fueron utilizados para promover el turismo hacia Cuba. A lo largo del siglo XX, Cuba experiment\u0026#xF3; eventos globales como la Primera y Segunda Guerra Mundial, y la Gran Depresi\u0026#xF3;n. Estos eventos contribuyeron a la inestabilidad pol\u0026#xED;tica y a los frecuentes cambios de gobierno, lo que se\u0026#xF1;al\u0026#xF3; un per\u0026#xED;odo de crisis en la isla. Durante la Guerra Fr\u0026#xED;a, con el auge de la Uni\u0026#xF3;n Sovi\u0026#xE9;tica, la Revoluci\u0026#xF3;n Cubana de 1959 comenz\u0026#xF3; a remodelar la naci\u0026#xF3;n. Los sellos de este per\u0026#xED;odo reflejan la transformaci\u0026#xF3;n del pa\u0026#xED;s, con im\u0026#xE1;genes de figuras revolucionarias como Castro y Cienfuegos, y mensajes que glorificaban la revoluci\u0026#xF3;n y su progreso.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEsta colecci\u0026#xF3;n captura la evoluci\u0026#xF3;n de los sellos cubanos como una forma de comunicaci\u0026#xF3;n y propaganda, reflejando el creciente sentido de identidad nacional de la isla y su cambiante relaci\u0026#xF3;n con las potencias extranjeras. Los sellos presentan im\u0026#xE1;genes de la cultura cubana, el arte, figuras hist\u0026#xF3;ricas, la flora y fauna nacional, y la industria del turismo, todas sirviendo como herramientas para promover Cuba al mundo. Preservar esta colecci\u0026#xF3;n brinda la oportunidad de explorar c\u0026#xF3;mo Cuba se transform\u0026#xF3; a lo largo de un siglo. Los investigadores pueden examinar las ideolog\u0026#xED;as pol\u0026#xED;ticas cambiantes, las relaciones internacionales y las identidades nacionales reflejadas en los sellos. La Colecci\u0026#xF3;n de Sellos de Cuba en FIU no es solo un archivo hist\u0026#xF3;rico, sino tambi\u0026#xE9;n un testimonio de los cambios culturales y sociales del siglo XX.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Cuban Stamp Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections offers valuable insight into Cuban history through postage stamps spanning the mid-19th to mid-20th century. These stamps reflect the cultural, social, and political events that shaped Cuba during this transformative period. From being under Spanish colonial rule, to the establishment of the Cuban Republic, and the rise of the Cuban Revolution, these historical events are mirrored in the stamps themselves. In 1855, Cuba issued its first postage stamp under Spanish rule, marking the beginning of its postal service. During this period, the stamps were heavily influenced by Spain and featured imagery of the Spanish monarchy, reinforcing the connection between the Spanish Empire and Cuba.","As the 19th century came to a close, the Spanish-American War marked a pivotal moment for Cuba, shifting from a colony to an independent nation in 1902. This period saw significant changes on the island, reflected in stamps that showcased national pride, symbols of independence, and images celebrating Cuba's rich history and culture. Additionally, these stamps were used to promote tourism to Cuba. Throughout the 20th century, Cuba experienced global events such as World War I, World War II, and the Great Depression. These events contributed to political instability and frequent government changes, signaling a period of crisis on the island. During the Cold War, as the Soviet Union rose to power, the Cuban Revolution of 1959 began to reshape the nation. The stamps from this period reflect the country's transformation, with imagery of revolutionary figures like Castro and Cienfuegos, and messaging that glorified the revolution and its progress.","This collection captures the evolution of Cuban stamps as a form of communication and propaganda, mirroring the island's growing sense of self-identity and its changing relationship with foreign powers. The stamps feature images of Cuban culture, art, historical figures, national flora and fauna, and the tourism industry, all serving as tools to promote Cuba to the world. Preserving this collection provides an opportunity to explore how Cuba transformed over the course of a century. Researchers can examine the shifting political ideologies, international relations, and national identities reflected in the stamps. The Cuban Stamp Collection at FIU is not only a historical archive but also a testament to the cultural and social changes of the 20th century.","\nEl Cuban Stamp Collection del Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections ofrece una valiosa perspectiva de la historia de Cuba a través de los sellos postales que abarcan desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta mediados del siglo XX. Estos sellos reflejan los eventos culturales, sociales y políticos que dieron forma a Cuba durante este período transformador. Desde el dominio colonial español, pasando por la creación de la República Cubana, hasta el surgimiento de la Revolución Cubana, estos eventos históricos se reflejan en los sellos mismos. En 1855, Cuba emitió su primer sello postal bajo el dominio español, marcando el comienzo de su servicio postal. Durante este período, los sellos estuvieron fuertemente influenciados por España e incluían imágenes de la monarquía española, reforzando la conexión entre el Imperio Español y Cuba.","Al final del siglo XIX, la Guerra Hispanoamericana marcó un momento clave para Cuba, pasando de ser una colonia a una nación independiente en 1902. Este período vio cambios significativos en la isla, reflejados en los sellos que mostraban el orgullo nacional, símbolos de independencia e imágenes que celebraban la rica historia y cultura de Cuba. Además, estos sellos fueron utilizados para promover el turismo hacia Cuba. A lo largo del siglo XX, Cuba experimentó eventos globales como la Primera y Segunda Guerra Mundial, y la Gran Depresión. Estos eventos contribuyeron a la inestabilidad política y a los frecuentes cambios de gobierno, lo que señaló un período de crisis en la isla. Durante la Guerra Fría, con el auge de la Unión Soviética, la Revolución Cubana de 1959 comenzó a remodelar la nación. Los sellos de este período reflejan la transformación del país, con imágenes de figuras revolucionarias como Castro y Cienfuegos, y mensajes que glorificaban la revolución y su progreso.","Esta colección captura la evolución de los sellos cubanos como una forma de comunicación y propaganda, reflejando el creciente sentido de identidad nacional de la isla y su cambiante relación con las potencias extranjeras. Los sellos presentan imágenes de la cultura cubana, el arte, figuras históricas, la flora y fauna nacional, y la industria del turismo, todas sirviendo como herramientas para promover Cuba al mundo. Preservar esta colección brinda la oportunidad de explorar cómo Cuba se transformó a lo largo de un siglo. Los investigadores pueden examinar las ideologías políticas cambiantes, las relaciones internacionales y las identidades nacionales reflejadas en los sellos. La Colección de Sellos de Cuba en FIU no es solo un archivo histórico, sino también un testimonio de los cambios culturales y sociales del siglo XX."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Cuban Stamp Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections is a comprehensive assortment of postage stamps throughout the history of Cuba during this transformative period during the 20th century. It spans from the mid-19th century to the beginnings of the Cuban Revolution and its after effects. It demonstrates social political change through stamps and how they use this form of media to create propaganda of the revolt. It also shows how they handle international relations with other nations and how it promotes cultural figures, the arts, tourism, animal and plant species, and worldwide events. This collection offers three books worth of stamp collections, ranging from 500-600 individual stamps per book. Preserving these stamps gives opportunity for researchers to find out themselves how the imagery and symbolism evolve as the Cuban Revolution progresses and develops. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nLa Cuban Stamp Collection en las Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections es una recopilaci\u0026#xF3;n integral de sellos postales que abarca la historia de Cuba durante este per\u0026#xED;odo transformador del siglo XX. Se extiende desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta los comienzos de la Revoluci\u0026#xF3;n Cubana y sus efectos posteriores. Demuestra el cambio social y pol\u0026#xED;tico a trav\u0026#xE9;s de los sellos y c\u0026#xF3;mo se utiliza este medio como propaganda de la revuelta. Tambi\u0026#xE9;n muestra c\u0026#xF3;mo se manejan las relaciones internacionales con otras naciones y c\u0026#xF3;mo se promueven figuras culturales, las artes, el turismo, especies animales y plantas, y eventos mundiales. Esta colecci\u0026#xF3;n consta de tres libros que contienen colecciones de sellos, con un rango de 500-600 sellos individuales por libro. La preservaci\u0026#xF3;n de estos sellos ofrece a los investigadores la oportunidad de descubrir por s\u0026#xED; mismos c\u0026#xF3;mo evolucionan las im\u0026#xE1;genes y los s\u0026#xED;mbolos a medida que avanza y se desarrolla la Revoluci\u0026#xF3;n Cubana.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Cuban Stamp Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections is a comprehensive assortment of postage stamps throughout the history of Cuba during this transformative period during the 20th century. It spans from the mid-19th century to the beginnings of the Cuban Revolution and its after effects. It demonstrates social political change through stamps and how they use this form of media to create propaganda of the revolt. It also shows how they handle international relations with other nations and how it promotes cultural figures, the arts, tourism, animal and plant species, and worldwide events. This collection offers three books worth of stamp collections, ranging from 500-600 individual stamps per book. Preserving these stamps gives opportunity for researchers to find out themselves how the imagery and symbolism evolve as the Cuban Revolution progresses and develops. ","\nLa Cuban Stamp Collection en las Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections es una recopilación integral de sellos postales que abarca la historia de Cuba durante este período transformador del siglo XX. Se extiende desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta los comienzos de la Revolución Cubana y sus efectos posteriores. Demuestra el cambio social y político a través de los sellos y cómo se utiliza este medio como propaganda de la revuelta. También muestra cómo se manejan las relaciones internacionales con otras naciones y cómo se promueven figuras culturales, las artes, el turismo, especies animales y plantas, y eventos mundiales. Esta colección consta de tres libros que contienen colecciones de sellos, con un rango de 500-600 sellos individuales por libro. La preservación de estos sellos ofrece a los investigadores la oportunidad de descubrir por sí mismos cómo evolucionan las imágenes y los símbolos a medida que avanza y se desarrolla la Revolución Cubana."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRights. The Cuban Stamps Collection are owned by Florida International University. Literary rights as possessed by the donor have been dedicated to public use for research, study, and scholarship. The collection is subject to all copyright laws.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Rights. The Cuban Stamps Collection are owned by Florida International University. Literary rights as possessed by the donor have been dedicated to public use for research, study, and scholarship. The collection is subject to all copyright laws."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_4174f2603576483c6691a9df651e17c6\"\u003eCollection of Cuban stamps from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Collection of Cuban stamps from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century."],"names_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"corpname_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"language_ssim":["English Spanish; Castilian"],"total_component_count_is":3,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"aa862cad77720b140698c8fb","timestamp":"2026-04-21T02:12:13.039Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/aa862cad77720b140698c8fb_aspace_620a3f9a12cadc8456710765f96a9581"}},{"id":"a3eabcc4094ea8e02f42af5b_aspace_6043","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Volusia County, 1900-1967","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/a3eabcc4094ea8e02f42af5b_aspace_6043#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_6043","ref_ssm":["aspace_6043","aspace_6043"],"id":"a3eabcc4094ea8e02f42af5b_aspace_6043","title_filing_ssi":"Volusia County","title_ssm":["Volusia County"],"title_tesim":["Volusia County"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1900-1967"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1900-1967"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Volusia County, 1900-1967"],"text":["Volusia County, 1900-1967","Florida Ephemera collection, circa 1813-2007","Geographic Files, circa 1813-2007","Central Florida, 1887-2007","Box 5, Folder 4-6; Box 6, Folder 1-3; Box 27, Folder 7","/repositories/4/archival_objects/13174","box 5","folder 4-6","box 6","folder 1-3","box 27","folder 7"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["a3eabcc4094ea8e02f42af5b","a3eabcc4094ea8e02f42af5b_aspace_5649","a3eabcc4094ea8e02f42af5b_aspace_5650"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Florida Ephemera collection, circa 1813-2007","Geographic Files, circa 1813-2007","Central Florida, 1887-2007"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Florida Ephemera collection, circa 1813-2007","Geographic Files, circa 1813-2007","Central Florida, 1887-2007"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Subseries"],"unitid_ssm":["Box 5, Folder 4-6; Box 6, Folder 1-3; Box 27, Folder 7","/repositories/4/archival_objects/13174"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Florida Ephemera collection, circa 1813-2007"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":31,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":373,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The entire collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"date_range_isim":[1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967],"containers_ssim":["box 5","folder 4-6","box 6","folder 1-3","box 27","folder 7"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#0/components#9","_nest_parent_":"a3eabcc4094ea8e02f42af5b_aspace_5650","_root_":"a3eabcc4094ea8e02f42af5b","_version_":1876384024848498688,"timestamp":"2026-09-15T08:00:52.198Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"a3eabcc4094ea8e02f42af5b","title_ssm":["Florida Ephemera collection"],"title_tesim":["Florida Ephemera collection"],"ead_ssi":"a3eabcc4094ea8e02f42af5b","unitdate_ssm":["circa 1813-2007"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1813-2007"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC.032","/repositories/4/resources/60"],"text":["SC.032","/repositories/4/resources/60","Florida Ephemera collection, circa 1813-2007","Florida","Florida -- Politics and government","Orlando (Fla.)","Agriculture -- Florida","Business -- Florida","Gardening -- Florida","Parks -- Florida","Tourism","The entire collection is open for research.","The collection is divided into three series, Geographic Files, Artifacts and Subject Files. Geographic Files are arranged in three subseries, Central, North and South Florida, with Central Florida organized alphabetically by county. General information about a region begins each subseries, followed by cities and counties that have a high volume of information. Subject Files are arranged alphabetically.","Thomas and Georgine Mickler ran a small publishing company, Mickler House, and a thriving mail-order business, Mickler's Antiquarian Books, out of their Chuluota home for almost 40 years. The Mickler's focused on tracing out-of-print publications about Florida and ultimately collected more than 40,000 books and other historical pieces of paper memorabilia that filled their home. Thomas Mickler was a native Floridian but Georgine was born in Chicago. She moved to Orlando in 1961, and they married the following year. Both of them lived until they were 84 years old; Thomas died in 1997 and Georgine died a year later.","Collection processed by Jessica Achberger; finding aid prepared by Jessica Achberger and Jeffrey Baumiller.","This collection was processed by both geographic area and subject matter. Materials related to a specific location within Florida were divided out, while materials related to Florida as a whole were separated into specific subject matter. All materials are foldered, with special attention being paid to newspaper clippings and delicate manuscript materials. Sheets of acid free paper were put between clippings, and some materials have been sleeved for preservation.","Other materials collected by the Micklers are held in the University of Central Florida Libraries Special Collections and University Archives, and other collections provide information about Florida. For a complete list of collections please consult the  Special Collections \u0026 University Archives  website.","The Florida Ephemera Collection consists of materials about or produced in Florida collected by Thomas and Georgine Mickler through their mail-order business, Mickler's Antiquarian Books, as well as additional purchases made by the University of Central Florida Libraries Special Collections. These materials are all related in some way to Florida, either geographically or through the subject matter.","\nSeries I: Geographic Files, circa 1813-2007 contain tourism brochures, information on local historical societies, local business advertisements and newspaper clippings related to the different geographic areas of Florida, loosely divided into Central, North and South Florida. Some information may also be found in a Subject file; however, generally the Subject Files consist of information about Florida as a whole.","\nSeries II: Subject Files, 1831-2005 consist of booklets and brochures, newspaper and journal articles, business cards and advertisements, and periodicals related to Florida, arranged by subject alphabetically. Topics include Agricultural Literature, Arts and Humanities, Gardening Literature, History, Politics and Government, Real Estate and Development, State Parks and Historical Markers, Tourism, and Wildlife.","Series III: Artifacts, Undated, 1971, contains larger items that pertain to geographical and subject files \nconcerning Florida. Included thus far are a cork mat depicting Bok Tower and a bottle commemorating \nthe Apollo 14 mission.","Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","The Florida Ephemera Collection is a collection of brochures, advertisements and news clippings documenting the history of Florida. Although the collection includes information about Florida as a whole, it focuses on the Central Florida area, and Orlando in particular. The collection contains information about most aspects of life in Florida including business and industry, real estate and development, tourism and wildlife.","UCF Special Collections","Mickler, Thomas, 1912-1997","Mickler, Georgine, 1914-1998","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC.032","/repositories/4/resources/60"],"normalized_date_ssm":["circa 1813-2007"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Florida Ephemera collection, circa 1813-2007"],"collection_title_tesim":["Florida Ephemera collection, circa 1813-2007"],"collection_ssim":["Florida Ephemera collection, circa 1813-2007"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Florida","Florida -- Politics and government","Orlando (Fla.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Florida","Florida -- Politics and government","Orlando (Fla.)"],"creator_ssm":["Mickler, Thomas, 1912-1997","Mickler, Georgine, 1914-1998"],"creator_ssim":["Mickler, Thomas, 1912-1997","Mickler, Georgine, 1914-1998"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Mickler, Thomas, 1912-1997","Mickler, Georgine, 1914-1998"],"creators_ssim":["Mickler, Thomas, 1912-1997","Mickler, Georgine, 1914-1998"],"places_ssim":["Florida","Florida -- Politics and government","Orlando (Fla.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The ephemera was mostly collected by Thomas and Georgine Mickler of Micklers Antiquarian Books. These materials were purchased by the University of Central Florida Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives in 1999 (CFM1999_06). Ephemera from a variety of sources will continue to be purchased to create a collection relevant to Florida's history."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Agriculture -- Florida","Business -- Florida","Gardening -- Florida","Parks -- Florida","Tourism"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Agriculture -- Florida","Business -- Florida","Gardening -- Florida","Parks -- Florida","Tourism"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["13 Linear Feet 26 Boxes, 1 Flat File"],"extent_tesim":["13 Linear Feet 26 Boxes, 1 Flat File"],"date_range_isim":[1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into three series, Geographic Files, Artifacts and Subject Files. Geographic Files are arranged in three subseries, Central, North and South Florida, with Central Florida organized alphabetically by county. General information about a region begins each subseries, followed by cities and counties that have a high volume of information. Subject Files are arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into three series, Geographic Files, Artifacts and Subject Files. Geographic Files are arranged in three subseries, Central, North and South Florida, with Central Florida organized alphabetically by county. General information about a region begins each subseries, followed by cities and counties that have a high volume of information. Subject Files are arranged alphabetically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThomas and Georgine Mickler ran a small publishing company, Mickler House, and a thriving mail-order business, Mickler's Antiquarian Books, out of their Chuluota home for almost 40 years. The Mickler's focused on tracing out-of-print publications about Florida and ultimately collected more than 40,000 books and other historical pieces of paper memorabilia that filled their home. Thomas Mickler was a native Floridian but Georgine was born in Chicago. She moved to Orlando in 1961, and they married the following year. Both of them lived until they were 84 years old; Thomas died in 1997 and Georgine died a year later.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Thomas and Georgine Mickler ran a small publishing company, Mickler House, and a thriving mail-order business, Mickler's Antiquarian Books, out of their Chuluota home for almost 40 years. The Mickler's focused on tracing out-of-print publications about Florida and ultimately collected more than 40,000 books and other historical pieces of paper memorabilia that filled their home. Thomas Mickler was a native Floridian but Georgine was born in Chicago. She moved to Orlando in 1961, and they married the following year. Both of them lived until they were 84 years old; Thomas died in 1997 and Georgine died a year later."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFlorida Ephemera Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Florida Ephemera Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection processed by Jessica Achberger; finding aid prepared by Jessica Achberger and Jeffrey Baumiller.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis collection was processed by both geographic area and subject matter. Materials related to a specific location within Florida were divided out, while materials related to Florida as a whole were separated into specific subject matter. All materials are foldered, with special attention being paid to newspaper clippings and delicate manuscript materials. Sheets of acid free paper were put between clippings, and some materials have been sleeved for preservation.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Collection processed by Jessica Achberger; finding aid prepared by Jessica Achberger and Jeffrey Baumiller.","This collection was processed by both geographic area and subject matter. Materials related to a specific location within Florida were divided out, while materials related to Florida as a whole were separated into specific subject matter. All materials are foldered, with special attention being paid to newspaper clippings and delicate manuscript materials. Sheets of acid free paper were put between clippings, and some materials have been sleeved for preservation."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOther materials collected by the Micklers are held in the University of Central Florida Libraries Special Collections and University Archives, and other collections provide information about Florida. For a complete list of collections please consult the \u003cextref href=\"http://library.ucf.edu/about/departments/special-collections-university-archives/\"\u003eSpecial Collections \u0026amp; University Archives\u003c/extref\u003e website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Other materials collected by the Micklers are held in the University of Central Florida Libraries Special Collections and University Archives, and other collections provide information about Florida. For a complete list of collections please consult the  Special Collections \u0026 University Archives  website."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Florida Ephemera Collection consists of materials about or produced in Florida collected by Thomas and Georgine Mickler through their mail-order business, Mickler's Antiquarian Books, as well as additional purchases made by the University of Central Florida Libraries Special Collections. These materials are all related in some way to Florida, either geographically or through the subject matter.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries I: Geographic Files, circa 1813-2007 contain tourism brochures, information on local historical societies, local business advertisements and newspaper clippings related to the different geographic areas of Florida, loosely divided into Central, North and South Florida. Some information may also be found in a Subject file; however, generally the Subject Files consist of information about Florida as a whole.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries II: Subject Files, 1831-2005 consist of booklets and brochures, newspaper and journal articles, business cards and advertisements, and periodicals related to Florida, arranged by subject alphabetically. Topics include Agricultural Literature, Arts and Humanities, Gardening Literature, History, Politics and Government, Real Estate and Development, State Parks and Historical Markers, Tourism, and Wildlife.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries III: Artifacts, Undated, 1971, contains larger items that pertain to geographical and subject files \nconcerning Florida. Included thus far are a cork mat depicting Bok Tower and a bottle commemorating \nthe Apollo 14 mission.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Florida Ephemera Collection consists of materials about or produced in Florida collected by Thomas and Georgine Mickler through their mail-order business, Mickler's Antiquarian Books, as well as additional purchases made by the University of Central Florida Libraries Special Collections. These materials are all related in some way to Florida, either geographically or through the subject matter.","\nSeries I: Geographic Files, circa 1813-2007 contain tourism brochures, information on local historical societies, local business advertisements and newspaper clippings related to the different geographic areas of Florida, loosely divided into Central, North and South Florida. Some information may also be found in a Subject file; however, generally the Subject Files consist of information about Florida as a whole.","\nSeries II: Subject Files, 1831-2005 consist of booklets and brochures, newspaper and journal articles, business cards and advertisements, and periodicals related to Florida, arranged by subject alphabetically. Topics include Agricultural Literature, Arts and Humanities, Gardening Literature, History, Politics and Government, Real Estate and Development, State Parks and Historical Markers, Tourism, and Wildlife.","Series III: Artifacts, Undated, 1971, contains larger items that pertain to geographical and subject files \nconcerning Florida. Included thus far are a cork mat depicting Bok Tower and a bottle commemorating \nthe Apollo 14 mission."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_64c3d62675ae88c59d40c8d1db049bf2\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Florida Ephemera Collection is a collection of brochures, advertisements and news clippings documenting the history of Florida. Although the collection includes information about Florida as a whole, it focuses on the Central Florida area, and Orlando in particular. The collection contains information about most aspects of life in Florida including business and industry, real estate and development, tourism and wildlife.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Florida Ephemera Collection is a collection of brochures, advertisements and news clippings documenting the history of Florida. Although the collection includes information about Florida as a whole, it focuses on the Central Florida area, and Orlando in particular. The collection contains information about most aspects of life in Florida including business and industry, real estate and development, tourism and wildlife."],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Mickler, Thomas, 1912-1997","Mickler, Georgine, 1914-1998"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Mickler, Thomas, 1912-1997","Mickler, Georgine, 1914-1998"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1479,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1876384024848498688,"_root_":"a3eabcc4094ea8e02f42af5b","timestamp":"2026-09-15T08:00:52.198Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/a3eabcc4094ea8e02f42af5b_aspace_6043"}},{"id":"fcab20b88f8ed86bfbd56dc2_aspace_98e9c3e8da5c15c43f7ac687b4e6c9f4","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Voter registration lists, 1929 - 1960","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/fcab20b88f8ed86bfbd56dc2_aspace_98e9c3e8da5c15c43f7ac687b4e6c9f4#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_98e9c3e8da5c15c43f7ac687b4e6c9f4","ref_ssm":["aspace_98e9c3e8da5c15c43f7ac687b4e6c9f4","aspace_98e9c3e8da5c15c43f7ac687b4e6c9f4"],"id":"fcab20b88f8ed86bfbd56dc2_aspace_98e9c3e8da5c15c43f7ac687b4e6c9f4","title_filing_ssi":"Voter registration lists","title_ssm":["Voter registration lists"],"title_tesim":["Voter registration lists"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1929 - 1960"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1929 - 1960"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Voter registration lists, 1929 - 1960"],"text":["Voter registration lists, 1929 - 1960","Easter Lily Gates Collection, 1898-1982","Professional Papers, Circa 1898-1979","/repositories/4/archival_objects/3719","box 14","folder 225"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["fcab20b88f8ed86bfbd56dc2","fcab20b88f8ed86bfbd56dc2_aspace_466aff297e2e90dde111ffa8f99c03a3"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Easter Lily Gates Collection, 1898-1982","Professional Papers, Circa 1898-1979"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Easter Lily Gates Collection, 1898-1982","Professional Papers, Circa 1898-1979"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/4/archival_objects/3719"],"repository_ssim":["Broward County Historical Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Easter Lily Gates Collection, 1898-1982"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":229,"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The Easter Lily Gates Collection is open for research."],"date_range_isim":[1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960],"containers_ssim":["box 14","folder 225"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#39","_nest_parent_":"fcab20b88f8ed86bfbd56dc2_aspace_466aff297e2e90dde111ffa8f99c03a3","_root_":"fcab20b88f8ed86bfbd56dc2","_version_":1875370525482549248,"timestamp":"2026-09-04T03:31:43.893Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"fcab20b88f8ed86bfbd56dc2","title_filing_ssi":"Gates, Easter Lily Collection","title_ssm":["Easter Lily Gates Collection"],"title_tesim":["Easter Lily Gates Collection"],"ead_ssi":"fcab20b88f8ed86bfbd56dc2","unitdate_ssm":["1898-1982"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1898-1982"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["BCHA.2021.1","/repositories/4/resources/179"],"text":["BCHA.2021.1","/repositories/4/resources/179","Easter Lily Gates Collection, 1898-1982","Broward County (Fla.)","Gates, Easter Lily, 1889-1985 -- Correspondence","Broward County (Fla.). Board of County Commissioners","Voter registration -- Florida -- Broward County","Voting -- Florida -- Broward County","Elections -- Florida -- Broward County","Photographs","Hats","Programs","Maps","Certificates","The collection is arranged into 6 series: Series I. Correspondence, Series II. Professional Papers, Series III. Personal Papers, Series IV. Printed Materials, Series V. Awards, and Series VI. Ephemera.","Easter Lily Biblo Gates was born on April 21, 1889, in Des Moines, Iowa to parents Elijah and Etta Biblo. Easter Lily Gates travelled west with her family by covered wagon to Utah and Nevada. She made hats as a store clerk at 17 years old. On January 20, 1910, she married George Peter Gates.","Easter and George Gates moved to Fort Lauderdale, Florida in 1918. They had two sons named Robert and Theodore. In 1926, Easter Lily saved her family in a severe hurricane by carrying her husband and two sons to the second floor of their home; they lost everything they owned and two weeks later her husband died from anemia. To provide for her children, Gates became Broward County's first female bus driver. In 1928, she ran for and won the  Supervisor of Elections job.  She maintained this position for 40 years, from 1929 to 1969. Easter Lily Gates registered Broward County's first Seminole and African-American voters.","Easter Lily Gates retired in 1969 at 80 years old. At 92 years old, she moved to Tampa, Florida and Thomasville, Georgia to live with her sons. Easter Lily Gates entered a nursing home in Tampa before her death. She died in February 1985.","This collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection.","View a selection of digitized materials from the Easter Lily Gates Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives.","The Easter Lily Gates Collection contains correspondence, photographs, printed materials, maps, prayer books, awards, political and election materials documenting the professional and personal life of Easter Lily Gates.","The Easter Lily Gates Collection is open for research."," Broward County Historical Archives","English"],"unitid_tesim":["BCHA.2021.1","/repositories/4/resources/179"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1898-1982"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Easter Lily Gates Collection, 1898-1982"],"collection_title_tesim":["Easter Lily Gates Collection, 1898-1982"],"collection_ssim":["Easter Lily Gates Collection, 1898-1982"],"repository_ssm":["Broward County Historical Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Broward County Historical Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Broward County (Fla.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Broward County (Fla.)"],"places_ssim":["Broward County (Fla.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The Easter Lily Gates Collection is open for research."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Gates, Easter Lily, 1889-1985 -- Correspondence","Broward County (Fla.). Board of County Commissioners","Voter registration -- Florida -- Broward County","Voting -- Florida -- Broward County","Elections -- Florida -- Broward County","Photographs","Hats","Programs","Maps","Certificates"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Gates, Easter Lily, 1889-1985 -- Correspondence","Broward County (Fla.). Board of County Commissioners","Voter registration -- Florida -- Broward County","Voting -- Florida -- Broward County","Elections -- Florida -- Broward County","Photographs","Hats","Programs","Maps","Certificates"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["33 Hollinger Boxes"],"extent_tesim":["33 Hollinger Boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs","Hats","Programs","Maps","Certificates"],"date_range_isim":[1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into 6 series: Series I. Correspondence, Series II. Professional Papers, Series III. Personal Papers, Series IV. Printed Materials, Series V. Awards, and Series VI. Ephemera.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into 6 series: Series I. Correspondence, Series II. Professional Papers, Series III. Personal Papers, Series IV. Printed Materials, Series V. Awards, and Series VI. Ephemera."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEaster Lily Biblo Gates was born on April 21, 1889, in Des Moines, Iowa to parents Elijah and Etta Biblo. Easter Lily Gates travelled west with her family by covered wagon to Utah and Nevada. She made hats as a store clerk at 17 years old. On January 20, 1910, she married George Peter Gates.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEaster and George Gates moved to Fort Lauderdale, Florida in 1918. They had two sons named Robert and Theodore. In 1926, Easter Lily saved her family in a severe hurricane by carrying her husband and two sons to the second floor of their home; they lost everything they owned and two weeks later her husband died from anemia. To provide for her children, Gates became Broward County's first female bus driver. In 1928, she ran for and won the  Supervisor of Elections job.  She maintained this position for 40 years, from 1929 to 1969. Easter Lily Gates registered Broward County's first Seminole and African-American voters.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEaster Lily Gates retired in 1969 at 80 years old. At 92 years old, she moved to Tampa, Florida and Thomasville, Georgia to live with her sons. Easter Lily Gates entered a nursing home in Tampa before her death. She died in February 1985.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Easter Lily Biblo Gates was born on April 21, 1889, in Des Moines, Iowa to parents Elijah and Etta Biblo. Easter Lily Gates travelled west with her family by covered wagon to Utah and Nevada. She made hats as a store clerk at 17 years old. On January 20, 1910, she married George Peter Gates.","Easter and George Gates moved to Fort Lauderdale, Florida in 1918. They had two sons named Robert and Theodore. In 1926, Easter Lily saved her family in a severe hurricane by carrying her husband and two sons to the second floor of their home; they lost everything they owned and two weeks later her husband died from anemia. To provide for her children, Gates became Broward County's first female bus driver. In 1928, she ran for and won the  Supervisor of Elections job.  She maintained this position for 40 years, from 1929 to 1969. Easter Lily Gates registered Broward County's first Seminole and African-American voters.","Easter Lily Gates retired in 1969 at 80 years old. At 92 years old, she moved to Tampa, Florida and Thomasville, Georgia to live with her sons. Easter Lily Gates entered a nursing home in Tampa before her death. She died in February 1985."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEaster Lily Gates Collection, Broward County Historical Archives, Broward County Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Easter Lily Gates Collection, Broward County Historical Archives, Broward County Library."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://digitalarchives.broward.org/digital/collection/elgates/search\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eView a selection of digitized materials from the Easter Lily Gates Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Digital Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["View a selection of digitized materials from the Easter Lily Gates Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Easter Lily Gates Collection contains correspondence, photographs, printed materials, maps, prayer books, awards, political and election materials documenting the professional and personal life of Easter Lily Gates.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Easter Lily Gates Collection contains correspondence, photographs, printed materials, maps, prayer books, awards, political and election materials documenting the professional and personal life of Easter Lily Gates."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Easter Lily Gates Collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Easter Lily Gates Collection is open for research."],"names_ssim":[" Broward County Historical Archives"],"corpname_ssim":[" Broward County Historical Archives"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":501,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1875370525482549248,"_root_":"fcab20b88f8ed86bfbd56dc2","timestamp":"2026-09-04T03:31:43.893Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/fcab20b88f8ed86bfbd56dc2_aspace_98e9c3e8da5c15c43f7ac687b4e6c9f4"}},{"id":"6678d1ef17eb0b784725a98a","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Vreeland Collection, Circa 1839-2000, bulk 1920-1960","creator":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/6678d1ef17eb0b784725a98a#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["Vreeland, Harold"],"label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/6678d1ef17eb0b784725a98a#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003ePersonal papers and items of Mr. and Mrs. J.B. Vreeland, Sr. donated by Harold Vreeland. The collection showcases the Vreelands' interest in fishing, boating, nautical scenery, and community engagement over three generations of fishermen in Fort Lauderdale. It comprises numerous photographs of fish taken off the coast of Fort Lauderdale in the Gulf Stream; postcards of Fort Lauderdale and other landmarks in Florida; nautical and fishing stories written by James B. Vreeland Jr.; nautical charts; correspondence; scrapbooks; news clippings; logbooks from the House of Refuge; artifacts and nautical instruments; and audiovisual materials recorded by James B. Vreeland Jr. and his son, Harold Vreeland. The collection also documents local history and highlights Cordelia Vreeland's involvement in the Woman's Club as both historian and president. The collection contains 19 boxes (including seven albums consisting of photographs and scrapbooks), four Hollinger boxes, three oversized boxes (nautical charts, news clippings, and flags), and five boxes with different sizes containing artifacts and objects.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/6678d1ef17eb0b784725a98a#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"6678d1ef17eb0b784725a98a","title_filing_ssi":"Vreeland Collection","title_ssm":["Vreeland Collection"],"title_tesim":["Vreeland Collection"],"ead_ssi":"6678d1ef17eb0b784725a98a","unitdate_ssm":["Circa 1839-2000, bulk 1920-1960"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Circa 1839-2000, bulk 1920-1960"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["BCHA.1985.6","/repositories/4/resources/275"],"text":["BCHA.1985.6","/repositories/4/resources/275","Vreeland Collection, Circa 1839-2000, bulk 1920-1960","Fishing","Big game fishing","Boats and boating","Fort Lauderdale Beach (Fort Lauderdale, Fla.)","Saltwater fishing","Good condition. Some items fragile, broken, or damaged.","Collection is open for research.","Harold Vreeland donated the original part of this collection in 1985. He donated accruals to the collection in 1985 (BCHA-1985.7), 1993 (BCHA-1993.20), and 1996 (BCHA-1996.1).","The Vreeland family was among the first residents of Fort Lauderdale at the beginning of the 20th century. James Barnes Vreeland Sr. (1864–1943), a native of Flat Rock, Michigan, and his wife, Cordelia Deveaux Vreeland (1862–1958), Huguenot descent, originally from New Rochelle, New York, moved with their son, James B. Vreeland Jr. (1899–1978), to Florida in 1900. The family relocated from Larchmont, N.Y., to the Indian River area, where they purchased a citrus acreage that had not yet begun producing.","In 1906, at the request of President Theodore Roosevelt, Vreeland Sr. became captain of the Coast Guard House of Refuge (Station #4) in Fort Lauderdale, near Las Olas Beach, a post he held until 1915. The family rescued sailors shipwrecked on the reefs and managed two early local institutions: the Broward Hotel and the Las Olas Inn. He was also the first surveyors in Broward County.","During the first decade of the 20th century, Captain Vreeland Sr. faced several crises and storms, including an incident involving a crew that had mutinied against its captain off the coast of Florida. As a government agent, he boarded the vessel to reason with the crew, ultimately bringing the mutiny to an end.\nHe was also involved in real estate and took an active role in civic projects aimed at developing Fort Lauderdale. He and his wife were charter members of the First Presbyterian Church. In 1943, Vreeland Sr. died in an accident when his tractor went out of control and overturned, killing the 78 year old.","His wife, Cordelia Deveaux Vreeland, was an active member of the Woman's Club of Fort Lauderdale, serving both as president and historian. She contributed to the establishment of Fort Lauderdale's first public library, the forerunner of today's Broward County Library. Upon her arrival in the area, she played the organ for Methodist and Baptist services. Between 1912 and 1913, Cordelia Vreeland directed the city's first choral group, known as the Tuesday Evening Woman's Chorus.","Their son, James B. Vreeland Jr. (married to Dorothy Viola Simpson), continued the family's legacy as early as 1913 by expanding the fishing business as a charter captain. Captain Vreeland Jr. built his four boats, the Kingfishers, and went off the coast of Florida and the Bahamas capturing different kinds of game fish—sailfish, blue and white marlins, sharks, mantas, dolphins, barracudas, and others. Vreeland Jr. took his passion to another level by photographing and filming his catches for game fishing audiences from the 1920s to the early 1970s. Vreeland Jr. also shared his experience at sea by writing articles in newspapers and magazines, broadcasting stories on the radio during WWII, and lending his photographs to editors interested in publishing fishing action images. Outside of fishing, Vreeland Jr. became involved in the Bahia-Mar Charter Boatmen's Association as an active member and later served as its president.","During WWII, Captain Vreeland Jr. served in an unofficial role as a \"sea mailman,\" retrieving ship letters that had been thrown overboard so they could be preserved in case a vessel was attacked by German forces. In 1961, the City of Fort Lauderdale recognized James B. Vreeland Jr.'s contributions to the city's development by issuing a citation of esteem for his genuine pioneership.","His son, Harold Vreeland (1924-1997), followed the same path as his predecessors by keeping the charter business alive at Bahia Mar. At a young age, Harold learned fishing techniques, breaking a record at just 14 by catching a giant mangrove snapper with rod and reel. During WWII, Harold Vreeland served in the Navy for over three years and spent 13 months on active duty in the Pacific aboard the destroyer USS Mansfield, one of the 17 ships in Admiral Halsey's fleet.\nHarold Vreeland participated in numerous tournaments in the United States and the Bahamas on several privately owned yachts. Married for more than fifty years to Lorraine DeBow Vreeland (1921-2011), the couple had two children: Jane and Jack. Jack Vreeland was the last of the family to take an avid interest in fishing off the coast of Florida.","This collection received item level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection.","Personal papers and items of Mr. and Mrs. J.B. Vreeland, Sr. donated by Harold Vreeland. The collection showcases the Vreelands' interest in fishing, boating, nautical scenery, and community engagement over three generations of fishermen in Fort Lauderdale. It comprises numerous photographs of fish taken off the coast of Fort Lauderdale in the Gulf Stream; postcards of Fort Lauderdale and other landmarks in Florida; nautical and fishing stories written by James B. Vreeland Jr.; nautical charts; correspondence; scrapbooks; news clippings; logbooks from the House of Refuge; artifacts and nautical instruments; and audiovisual materials recorded by James B. Vreeland Jr. and his son, Harold Vreeland. The collection also documents local history and highlights Cordelia Vreeland's involvement in the Woman's Club as both historian and president. The collection contains 19 boxes (including seven albums consisting of photographs and scrapbooks), four Hollinger boxes, three oversized boxes (nautical charts, news clippings, and flags), and five boxes with different sizes containing artifacts and objects.","The collection is arranged into five series: 1. Photographs, postcards, and illustrations; 2. Boating and fishing; 3. Vreeland family personal papers; 4. Objects, artwork, and relics; 5. Audiovisual materials.","The Photographs, postcards, and illustrations series includes illustrations depicting fishing, boating, nautical scenery, the Vreeland family, hurricanes and storms, and various aquatic and marine activities. For the most part, the photographs showcase various species such as sailfish, white marlin, blue marlin, manta rays, sharks, mangrove snappers, tarpon, bonefish, mahi-mahi, barracuda, kingfish, and other game fish caught off the coast of Florida and in the Gulf Stream. It also illustrates various boats owned by the Vreeland family, including the Kingfishers (III, IV, and V), the Agnes, and a glass-bottom boat called the Mermaid of the Sea. It also features warships—such as cruisers and destroyers—navigating off the coast of Fort Lauderdale during World War II. ","It also showcases members of the Vreeland family over three generations, with a particular focus on James B. Vreeland Sr. and Cordelia Vreeland. Postcards and souvenir cards depict Fort Lauderdale's nautical scenery, canals, beaches, and waterfront development, as well as notable Florida landmarks such as Cypress Gardens, the Singing Tower at Mountain Lake, and historic sites in St. Augustine. The postcards also feature big-game fishing scenes, marine wildlife, Vreeland family vessels, military ships, and regional tourist attractions. Although the majority of items portray Fort Lauderdale, a smaller number document locations outside Florida, including Halls Harbour (Nova Scotia), Alabama, and Tennessee.","The boating and fishing series includes writings by James B. Vreeland Jr., such as sea stories intended to educate the public about game‑fishing activities and boating. These stories were published in newspapers and magazines and were also broadcast on radio. The series additionally contains publications and flyers featuring photographs taken by Vreeland that document fishing activities. Other material includes the House of Refuge logbooks kept by James B. Vreeland Sr. in the early twentieth century.","The Vreeland family personal papers series includes personal documents and realia pertaining to the Vreeland family at various stages of their lives, as well as scrapbooks, news clippings, photographs, and other materials documenting the history of Fort Lauderdale and Florida. Additional materials relate to Cordelia Vreeland's involvement in the Woman's Club of Fort Lauderdale, particularly in her role as historian.","The Objects, artwork, and relics series includes nautical instruments used by James B. Vreeland Sr., banners, relics from the old Fort Lauderdale, musket balls, clothes, sharks and alligators teeth, a painting, and a wood carving wall art.","Finally, the Audiovisual materials series includes recordings made by James B. Vreeland Jr concerning game fishing and sea stories.","Access to collections in the Broward County Library Special Collections is not authorization to publish. Copyright of some items in this collection may be held by respective creators, not by the donor of the collection or the Broward County Library."," Broward County Historical Archives","Vreeland, Harold","English"],"unitid_tesim":["BCHA.1985.6","/repositories/4/resources/275"],"normalized_date_ssm":["Circa 1839-2000, bulk 1920-1960"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Vreeland Collection, Circa 1839-2000, bulk 1920-1960"],"collection_title_tesim":["Vreeland Collection, Circa 1839-2000, bulk 1920-1960"],"collection_ssim":["Vreeland Collection, Circa 1839-2000, bulk 1920-1960"],"repository_ssm":["Broward County Historical Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Broward County Historical Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Vreeland, Harold"],"creator_ssim":["Vreeland, Harold"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Vreeland, Harold"],"creators_ssim":["Vreeland, Harold"],"access_terms_ssm":["Access to collections in the Broward County Library Special Collections is not authorization to publish. Copyright of some items in this collection may be held by respective creators, not by the donor of the collection or the Broward County Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Fishing","Big game fishing","Boats and boating","Fort Lauderdale Beach (Fort Lauderdale, Fla.)","Saltwater fishing"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Fishing","Big game fishing","Boats and boating","Fort Lauderdale Beach (Fort Lauderdale, Fla.)","Saltwater fishing"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Good condition. Some items fragile, broken, or damaged."],"extent_ssm":["19 Boxes (irregular size) The collection contains 19 boxes, including seven albums (consisting of photographs and scrapbooks), four Hollinger boxes, three oversized boxes (nautical charts, news clippings, and flags), and five boxes of different sizes containing artifacts and objects."],"extent_tesim":["19 Boxes (irregular size) The collection contains 19 boxes, including seven albums (consisting of photographs and scrapbooks), four Hollinger boxes, three oversized boxes (nautical charts, news clippings, and flags), and five boxes of different sizes containing artifacts and objects."],"date_range_isim":[1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHarold Vreeland donated the original part of this collection in 1985. He donated accruals to the collection in 1985 (BCHA-1985.7), 1993 (BCHA-1993.20), and 1996 (BCHA-1996.1).\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals"],"accruals_tesim":["Harold Vreeland donated the original part of this collection in 1985. He donated accruals to the collection in 1985 (BCHA-1985.7), 1993 (BCHA-1993.20), and 1996 (BCHA-1996.1)."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Vreeland family was among the first residents of Fort Lauderdale at the beginning of the 20th century. James Barnes Vreeland Sr. (1864\u0026#x2013;1943), a native of Flat Rock, Michigan, and his wife, Cordelia Deveaux Vreeland (1862\u0026#x2013;1958), Huguenot descent, originally from New Rochelle, New York, moved with their son, James B. Vreeland Jr. (1899\u0026#x2013;1978), to Florida in 1900. The family relocated from Larchmont, N.Y., to the Indian River area, where they purchased a citrus acreage that had not yet begun producing.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1906, at the request of President Theodore Roosevelt, Vreeland Sr. became captain of the Coast Guard House of Refuge (Station #4) in Fort Lauderdale, near Las Olas Beach, a post he held until 1915. The family rescued sailors shipwrecked on the reefs and managed two early local institutions: the Broward Hotel and the Las Olas Inn. He was also the first surveyors in Broward County.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring the first decade of the 20th century, Captain Vreeland Sr. faced several crises and storms, including an incident involving a crew that had mutinied against its captain off the coast of Florida. As a government agent, he boarded the vessel to reason with the crew, ultimately bringing the mutiny to an end.\nHe was also involved in real estate and took an active role in civic projects aimed at developing Fort Lauderdale. He and his wife were charter members of the First Presbyterian Church. In 1943, Vreeland Sr. died in an accident when his tractor went out of control and overturned, killing the 78 year old.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHis wife, Cordelia Deveaux Vreeland, was an active member of the Woman's Club of Fort Lauderdale, serving both as president and historian. She contributed to the establishment of Fort Lauderdale's first public library, the forerunner of today's Broward County Library. Upon her arrival in the area, she played the organ for Methodist and Baptist services. Between 1912 and 1913, Cordelia Vreeland directed the city's first choral group, known as the Tuesday Evening Woman's Chorus.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTheir son, James B. Vreeland Jr. (married to Dorothy Viola Simpson), continued the family's legacy as early as 1913 by expanding the fishing business as a charter captain. Captain Vreeland Jr. built his four boats, the Kingfishers, and went off the coast of Florida and the Bahamas capturing different kinds of game fish\u0026#x2014;sailfish, blue and white marlins, sharks, mantas, dolphins, barracudas, and others. Vreeland Jr. took his passion to another level by photographing and filming his catches for game fishing audiences from the 1920s to the early 1970s. Vreeland Jr. also shared his experience at sea by writing articles in newspapers and magazines, broadcasting stories on the radio during WWII, and lending his photographs to editors interested in publishing fishing action images. Outside of fishing, Vreeland Jr. became involved in the Bahia-Mar Charter Boatmen's Association as an active member and later served as its president.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring WWII, Captain Vreeland Jr. served in an unofficial role as a \"sea mailman,\" retrieving ship letters that had been thrown overboard so they could be preserved in case a vessel was attacked by German forces. In 1961, the City of Fort Lauderdale recognized James B. Vreeland Jr.'s contributions to the city's development by issuing a citation of esteem for his genuine pioneership.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHis son, Harold Vreeland (1924-1997), followed the same path as his predecessors by keeping the charter business alive at Bahia Mar. At a young age, Harold learned fishing techniques, breaking a record at just 14 by catching a giant mangrove snapper with rod and reel. During WWII, Harold Vreeland served in the Navy for over three years and spent 13 months on active duty in the Pacific aboard the destroyer USS Mansfield, one of the 17 ships in Admiral Halsey's fleet.\nHarold Vreeland participated in numerous tournaments in the United States and the Bahamas on several privately owned yachts. Married for more than fifty years to Lorraine DeBow Vreeland (1921-2011), the couple had two children: Jane and Jack. Jack Vreeland was the last of the family to take an avid interest in fishing off the coast of Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Vreeland family was among the first residents of Fort Lauderdale at the beginning of the 20th century. James Barnes Vreeland Sr. (1864–1943), a native of Flat Rock, Michigan, and his wife, Cordelia Deveaux Vreeland (1862–1958), Huguenot descent, originally from New Rochelle, New York, moved with their son, James B. Vreeland Jr. (1899–1978), to Florida in 1900. The family relocated from Larchmont, N.Y., to the Indian River area, where they purchased a citrus acreage that had not yet begun producing.","In 1906, at the request of President Theodore Roosevelt, Vreeland Sr. became captain of the Coast Guard House of Refuge (Station #4) in Fort Lauderdale, near Las Olas Beach, a post he held until 1915. The family rescued sailors shipwrecked on the reefs and managed two early local institutions: the Broward Hotel and the Las Olas Inn. He was also the first surveyors in Broward County.","During the first decade of the 20th century, Captain Vreeland Sr. faced several crises and storms, including an incident involving a crew that had mutinied against its captain off the coast of Florida. As a government agent, he boarded the vessel to reason with the crew, ultimately bringing the mutiny to an end.\nHe was also involved in real estate and took an active role in civic projects aimed at developing Fort Lauderdale. He and his wife were charter members of the First Presbyterian Church. In 1943, Vreeland Sr. died in an accident when his tractor went out of control and overturned, killing the 78 year old.","His wife, Cordelia Deveaux Vreeland, was an active member of the Woman's Club of Fort Lauderdale, serving both as president and historian. She contributed to the establishment of Fort Lauderdale's first public library, the forerunner of today's Broward County Library. Upon her arrival in the area, she played the organ for Methodist and Baptist services. Between 1912 and 1913, Cordelia Vreeland directed the city's first choral group, known as the Tuesday Evening Woman's Chorus.","Their son, James B. Vreeland Jr. (married to Dorothy Viola Simpson), continued the family's legacy as early as 1913 by expanding the fishing business as a charter captain. Captain Vreeland Jr. built his four boats, the Kingfishers, and went off the coast of Florida and the Bahamas capturing different kinds of game fish—sailfish, blue and white marlins, sharks, mantas, dolphins, barracudas, and others. Vreeland Jr. took his passion to another level by photographing and filming his catches for game fishing audiences from the 1920s to the early 1970s. Vreeland Jr. also shared his experience at sea by writing articles in newspapers and magazines, broadcasting stories on the radio during WWII, and lending his photographs to editors interested in publishing fishing action images. Outside of fishing, Vreeland Jr. became involved in the Bahia-Mar Charter Boatmen's Association as an active member and later served as its president.","During WWII, Captain Vreeland Jr. served in an unofficial role as a \"sea mailman,\" retrieving ship letters that had been thrown overboard so they could be preserved in case a vessel was attacked by German forces. In 1961, the City of Fort Lauderdale recognized James B. Vreeland Jr.'s contributions to the city's development by issuing a citation of esteem for his genuine pioneership.","His son, Harold Vreeland (1924-1997), followed the same path as his predecessors by keeping the charter business alive at Bahia Mar. At a young age, Harold learned fishing techniques, breaking a record at just 14 by catching a giant mangrove snapper with rod and reel. During WWII, Harold Vreeland served in the Navy for over three years and spent 13 months on active duty in the Pacific aboard the destroyer USS Mansfield, one of the 17 ships in Admiral Halsey's fleet.\nHarold Vreeland participated in numerous tournaments in the United States and the Bahamas on several privately owned yachts. Married for more than fifty years to Lorraine DeBow Vreeland (1921-2011), the couple had two children: Jane and Jack. Jack Vreeland was the last of the family to take an avid interest in fishing off the coast of Florida."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBroward County Historical Archives, Broward County Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Broward County Historical Archives, Broward County Library."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection received item level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This collection received item level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePersonal papers and items of Mr. and Mrs. J.B. Vreeland, Sr. donated by Harold Vreeland. The collection showcases the Vreelands' interest in fishing, boating, nautical scenery, and community engagement over three generations of fishermen in Fort Lauderdale. It comprises numerous photographs of fish taken off the coast of Fort Lauderdale in the Gulf Stream; postcards of Fort Lauderdale and other landmarks in Florida; nautical and fishing stories written by James B. Vreeland Jr.; nautical charts; correspondence; scrapbooks; news clippings; logbooks from the House of Refuge; artifacts and nautical instruments; and audiovisual materials recorded by James B. Vreeland Jr. and his son, Harold Vreeland. The collection also documents local history and highlights Cordelia Vreeland's involvement in the Woman's Club as both historian and president. The collection contains 19 boxes (including seven albums consisting of photographs and scrapbooks), four Hollinger boxes, three oversized boxes (nautical charts, news clippings, and flags), and five boxes with different sizes containing artifacts and objects.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into five series: 1. Photographs, postcards, and illustrations; 2. Boating and fishing; 3. Vreeland family personal papers; 4. Objects, artwork, and relics; 5. Audiovisual materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Photographs, postcards, and illustrations series includes illustrations depicting fishing, boating, nautical scenery, the Vreeland family, hurricanes and storms, and various aquatic and marine activities. For the most part, the photographs showcase various species such as sailfish, white marlin, blue marlin, manta rays, sharks, mangrove snappers, tarpon, bonefish, mahi-mahi, barracuda, kingfish, and other game fish caught off the coast of Florida and in the Gulf Stream. It also illustrates various boats owned by the Vreeland family, including the Kingfishers (III, IV, and V), the Agnes, and a glass-bottom boat called the Mermaid of the Sea. It also features warships\u0026#x2014;such as cruisers and destroyers\u0026#x2014;navigating off the coast of Fort Lauderdale during World War II. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIt also showcases members of the Vreeland family over three generations, with a particular focus on James B. Vreeland Sr. and Cordelia Vreeland. Postcards and souvenir cards depict Fort Lauderdale's nautical scenery, canals, beaches, and waterfront development, as well as notable Florida landmarks such as Cypress Gardens, the Singing Tower at Mountain Lake, and historic sites in St. Augustine. The postcards also feature big-game fishing scenes, marine wildlife, Vreeland family vessels, military ships, and regional tourist attractions. Although the majority of items portray Fort Lauderdale, a smaller number document locations outside Florida, including Halls Harbour (Nova Scotia), Alabama, and Tennessee.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe boating and fishing series includes writings by James B. Vreeland Jr., such as sea stories intended to educate the public about game\u0026#x2011;fishing activities and boating. These stories were published in newspapers and magazines and were also broadcast on radio. The series additionally contains publications and flyers featuring photographs taken by Vreeland that document fishing activities. Other material includes the House of Refuge logbooks kept by James B. Vreeland Sr. in the early twentieth century.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Vreeland family personal papers series includes personal documents and realia pertaining to the Vreeland family at various stages of their lives, as well as scrapbooks, news clippings, photographs, and other materials documenting the history of Fort Lauderdale and Florida. Additional materials relate to Cordelia Vreeland's involvement in the Woman's Club of Fort Lauderdale, particularly in her role as historian.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Objects, artwork, and relics series includes nautical instruments used by James B. Vreeland Sr., banners, relics from the old Fort Lauderdale, musket balls, clothes, sharks and alligators teeth, a painting, and a wood carving wall art.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFinally, the Audiovisual materials series includes recordings made by James B. Vreeland Jr concerning game fishing and sea stories.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Personal papers and items of Mr. and Mrs. J.B. Vreeland, Sr. donated by Harold Vreeland. The collection showcases the Vreelands' interest in fishing, boating, nautical scenery, and community engagement over three generations of fishermen in Fort Lauderdale. It comprises numerous photographs of fish taken off the coast of Fort Lauderdale in the Gulf Stream; postcards of Fort Lauderdale and other landmarks in Florida; nautical and fishing stories written by James B. Vreeland Jr.; nautical charts; correspondence; scrapbooks; news clippings; logbooks from the House of Refuge; artifacts and nautical instruments; and audiovisual materials recorded by James B. Vreeland Jr. and his son, Harold Vreeland. The collection also documents local history and highlights Cordelia Vreeland's involvement in the Woman's Club as both historian and president. The collection contains 19 boxes (including seven albums consisting of photographs and scrapbooks), four Hollinger boxes, three oversized boxes (nautical charts, news clippings, and flags), and five boxes with different sizes containing artifacts and objects.","The collection is arranged into five series: 1. Photographs, postcards, and illustrations; 2. Boating and fishing; 3. Vreeland family personal papers; 4. Objects, artwork, and relics; 5. Audiovisual materials.","The Photographs, postcards, and illustrations series includes illustrations depicting fishing, boating, nautical scenery, the Vreeland family, hurricanes and storms, and various aquatic and marine activities. For the most part, the photographs showcase various species such as sailfish, white marlin, blue marlin, manta rays, sharks, mangrove snappers, tarpon, bonefish, mahi-mahi, barracuda, kingfish, and other game fish caught off the coast of Florida and in the Gulf Stream. It also illustrates various boats owned by the Vreeland family, including the Kingfishers (III, IV, and V), the Agnes, and a glass-bottom boat called the Mermaid of the Sea. It also features warships—such as cruisers and destroyers—navigating off the coast of Fort Lauderdale during World War II. ","It also showcases members of the Vreeland family over three generations, with a particular focus on James B. Vreeland Sr. and Cordelia Vreeland. Postcards and souvenir cards depict Fort Lauderdale's nautical scenery, canals, beaches, and waterfront development, as well as notable Florida landmarks such as Cypress Gardens, the Singing Tower at Mountain Lake, and historic sites in St. Augustine. The postcards also feature big-game fishing scenes, marine wildlife, Vreeland family vessels, military ships, and regional tourist attractions. Although the majority of items portray Fort Lauderdale, a smaller number document locations outside Florida, including Halls Harbour (Nova Scotia), Alabama, and Tennessee.","The boating and fishing series includes writings by James B. Vreeland Jr., such as sea stories intended to educate the public about game‑fishing activities and boating. These stories were published in newspapers and magazines and were also broadcast on radio. The series additionally contains publications and flyers featuring photographs taken by Vreeland that document fishing activities. Other material includes the House of Refuge logbooks kept by James B. Vreeland Sr. in the early twentieth century.","The Vreeland family personal papers series includes personal documents and realia pertaining to the Vreeland family at various stages of their lives, as well as scrapbooks, news clippings, photographs, and other materials documenting the history of Fort Lauderdale and Florida. Additional materials relate to Cordelia Vreeland's involvement in the Woman's Club of Fort Lauderdale, particularly in her role as historian.","The Objects, artwork, and relics series includes nautical instruments used by James B. Vreeland Sr., banners, relics from the old Fort Lauderdale, musket balls, clothes, sharks and alligators teeth, a painting, and a wood carving wall art.","Finally, the Audiovisual materials series includes recordings made by James B. Vreeland Jr concerning game fishing and sea stories."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAccess to collections in the Broward County Library Special Collections is not authorization to publish. Copyright of some items in this collection may be held by respective creators, not by the donor of the collection or the Broward County Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Access to collections in the Broward County Library Special Collections is not authorization to publish. Copyright of some items in this collection may be held by respective creators, not by the donor of the collection or the Broward County Library."],"names_ssim":[" Broward County Historical Archives","Vreeland, Harold"],"corpname_ssim":[" Broward County Historical Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["Vreeland, Harold"],"persname_ssim":["Vreeland, Harold"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":708,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1877635433981018112,"_root_":"6678d1ef17eb0b784725a98a","timestamp":"2026-09-29T03:31:28.954Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"6678d1ef17eb0b784725a98a","title_filing_ssi":"Vreeland Collection","title_ssm":["Vreeland Collection"],"title_tesim":["Vreeland Collection"],"ead_ssi":"6678d1ef17eb0b784725a98a","unitdate_ssm":["Circa 1839-2000, bulk 1920-1960"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Circa 1839-2000, bulk 1920-1960"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["BCHA.1985.6","/repositories/4/resources/275"],"text":["BCHA.1985.6","/repositories/4/resources/275","Vreeland Collection, Circa 1839-2000, bulk 1920-1960","Fishing","Big game fishing","Boats and boating","Fort Lauderdale Beach (Fort Lauderdale, Fla.)","Saltwater fishing","Good condition. Some items fragile, broken, or damaged.","Collection is open for research.","Harold Vreeland donated the original part of this collection in 1985. He donated accruals to the collection in 1985 (BCHA-1985.7), 1993 (BCHA-1993.20), and 1996 (BCHA-1996.1).","The Vreeland family was among the first residents of Fort Lauderdale at the beginning of the 20th century. James Barnes Vreeland Sr. (1864–1943), a native of Flat Rock, Michigan, and his wife, Cordelia Deveaux Vreeland (1862–1958), Huguenot descent, originally from New Rochelle, New York, moved with their son, James B. Vreeland Jr. (1899–1978), to Florida in 1900. The family relocated from Larchmont, N.Y., to the Indian River area, where they purchased a citrus acreage that had not yet begun producing.","In 1906, at the request of President Theodore Roosevelt, Vreeland Sr. became captain of the Coast Guard House of Refuge (Station #4) in Fort Lauderdale, near Las Olas Beach, a post he held until 1915. The family rescued sailors shipwrecked on the reefs and managed two early local institutions: the Broward Hotel and the Las Olas Inn. He was also the first surveyors in Broward County.","During the first decade of the 20th century, Captain Vreeland Sr. faced several crises and storms, including an incident involving a crew that had mutinied against its captain off the coast of Florida. As a government agent, he boarded the vessel to reason with the crew, ultimately bringing the mutiny to an end.\nHe was also involved in real estate and took an active role in civic projects aimed at developing Fort Lauderdale. He and his wife were charter members of the First Presbyterian Church. In 1943, Vreeland Sr. died in an accident when his tractor went out of control and overturned, killing the 78 year old.","His wife, Cordelia Deveaux Vreeland, was an active member of the Woman's Club of Fort Lauderdale, serving both as president and historian. She contributed to the establishment of Fort Lauderdale's first public library, the forerunner of today's Broward County Library. Upon her arrival in the area, she played the organ for Methodist and Baptist services. Between 1912 and 1913, Cordelia Vreeland directed the city's first choral group, known as the Tuesday Evening Woman's Chorus.","Their son, James B. Vreeland Jr. (married to Dorothy Viola Simpson), continued the family's legacy as early as 1913 by expanding the fishing business as a charter captain. Captain Vreeland Jr. built his four boats, the Kingfishers, and went off the coast of Florida and the Bahamas capturing different kinds of game fish—sailfish, blue and white marlins, sharks, mantas, dolphins, barracudas, and others. Vreeland Jr. took his passion to another level by photographing and filming his catches for game fishing audiences from the 1920s to the early 1970s. Vreeland Jr. also shared his experience at sea by writing articles in newspapers and magazines, broadcasting stories on the radio during WWII, and lending his photographs to editors interested in publishing fishing action images. Outside of fishing, Vreeland Jr. became involved in the Bahia-Mar Charter Boatmen's Association as an active member and later served as its president.","During WWII, Captain Vreeland Jr. served in an unofficial role as a \"sea mailman,\" retrieving ship letters that had been thrown overboard so they could be preserved in case a vessel was attacked by German forces. In 1961, the City of Fort Lauderdale recognized James B. Vreeland Jr.'s contributions to the city's development by issuing a citation of esteem for his genuine pioneership.","His son, Harold Vreeland (1924-1997), followed the same path as his predecessors by keeping the charter business alive at Bahia Mar. At a young age, Harold learned fishing techniques, breaking a record at just 14 by catching a giant mangrove snapper with rod and reel. During WWII, Harold Vreeland served in the Navy for over three years and spent 13 months on active duty in the Pacific aboard the destroyer USS Mansfield, one of the 17 ships in Admiral Halsey's fleet.\nHarold Vreeland participated in numerous tournaments in the United States and the Bahamas on several privately owned yachts. Married for more than fifty years to Lorraine DeBow Vreeland (1921-2011), the couple had two children: Jane and Jack. Jack Vreeland was the last of the family to take an avid interest in fishing off the coast of Florida.","This collection received item level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection.","Personal papers and items of Mr. and Mrs. J.B. Vreeland, Sr. donated by Harold Vreeland. The collection showcases the Vreelands' interest in fishing, boating, nautical scenery, and community engagement over three generations of fishermen in Fort Lauderdale. It comprises numerous photographs of fish taken off the coast of Fort Lauderdale in the Gulf Stream; postcards of Fort Lauderdale and other landmarks in Florida; nautical and fishing stories written by James B. Vreeland Jr.; nautical charts; correspondence; scrapbooks; news clippings; logbooks from the House of Refuge; artifacts and nautical instruments; and audiovisual materials recorded by James B. Vreeland Jr. and his son, Harold Vreeland. The collection also documents local history and highlights Cordelia Vreeland's involvement in the Woman's Club as both historian and president. The collection contains 19 boxes (including seven albums consisting of photographs and scrapbooks), four Hollinger boxes, three oversized boxes (nautical charts, news clippings, and flags), and five boxes with different sizes containing artifacts and objects.","The collection is arranged into five series: 1. Photographs, postcards, and illustrations; 2. Boating and fishing; 3. Vreeland family personal papers; 4. Objects, artwork, and relics; 5. Audiovisual materials.","The Photographs, postcards, and illustrations series includes illustrations depicting fishing, boating, nautical scenery, the Vreeland family, hurricanes and storms, and various aquatic and marine activities. For the most part, the photographs showcase various species such as sailfish, white marlin, blue marlin, manta rays, sharks, mangrove snappers, tarpon, bonefish, mahi-mahi, barracuda, kingfish, and other game fish caught off the coast of Florida and in the Gulf Stream. It also illustrates various boats owned by the Vreeland family, including the Kingfishers (III, IV, and V), the Agnes, and a glass-bottom boat called the Mermaid of the Sea. It also features warships—such as cruisers and destroyers—navigating off the coast of Fort Lauderdale during World War II. ","It also showcases members of the Vreeland family over three generations, with a particular focus on James B. Vreeland Sr. and Cordelia Vreeland. Postcards and souvenir cards depict Fort Lauderdale's nautical scenery, canals, beaches, and waterfront development, as well as notable Florida landmarks such as Cypress Gardens, the Singing Tower at Mountain Lake, and historic sites in St. Augustine. The postcards also feature big-game fishing scenes, marine wildlife, Vreeland family vessels, military ships, and regional tourist attractions. Although the majority of items portray Fort Lauderdale, a smaller number document locations outside Florida, including Halls Harbour (Nova Scotia), Alabama, and Tennessee.","The boating and fishing series includes writings by James B. Vreeland Jr., such as sea stories intended to educate the public about game‑fishing activities and boating. These stories were published in newspapers and magazines and were also broadcast on radio. The series additionally contains publications and flyers featuring photographs taken by Vreeland that document fishing activities. Other material includes the House of Refuge logbooks kept by James B. Vreeland Sr. in the early twentieth century.","The Vreeland family personal papers series includes personal documents and realia pertaining to the Vreeland family at various stages of their lives, as well as scrapbooks, news clippings, photographs, and other materials documenting the history of Fort Lauderdale and Florida. Additional materials relate to Cordelia Vreeland's involvement in the Woman's Club of Fort Lauderdale, particularly in her role as historian.","The Objects, artwork, and relics series includes nautical instruments used by James B. Vreeland Sr., banners, relics from the old Fort Lauderdale, musket balls, clothes, sharks and alligators teeth, a painting, and a wood carving wall art.","Finally, the Audiovisual materials series includes recordings made by James B. Vreeland Jr concerning game fishing and sea stories.","Access to collections in the Broward County Library Special Collections is not authorization to publish. Copyright of some items in this collection may be held by respective creators, not by the donor of the collection or the Broward County Library."," Broward County Historical Archives","Vreeland, Harold","English"],"unitid_tesim":["BCHA.1985.6","/repositories/4/resources/275"],"normalized_date_ssm":["Circa 1839-2000, bulk 1920-1960"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Vreeland Collection, Circa 1839-2000, bulk 1920-1960"],"collection_title_tesim":["Vreeland Collection, Circa 1839-2000, bulk 1920-1960"],"collection_ssim":["Vreeland Collection, Circa 1839-2000, bulk 1920-1960"],"repository_ssm":["Broward County Historical Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Broward County Historical Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Vreeland, Harold"],"creator_ssim":["Vreeland, Harold"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Vreeland, Harold"],"creators_ssim":["Vreeland, Harold"],"access_terms_ssm":["Access to collections in the Broward County Library Special Collections is not authorization to publish. Copyright of some items in this collection may be held by respective creators, not by the donor of the collection or the Broward County Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Fishing","Big game fishing","Boats and boating","Fort Lauderdale Beach (Fort Lauderdale, Fla.)","Saltwater fishing"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Fishing","Big game fishing","Boats and boating","Fort Lauderdale Beach (Fort Lauderdale, Fla.)","Saltwater fishing"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Good condition. Some items fragile, broken, or damaged."],"extent_ssm":["19 Boxes (irregular size) The collection contains 19 boxes, including seven albums (consisting of photographs and scrapbooks), four Hollinger boxes, three oversized boxes (nautical charts, news clippings, and flags), and five boxes of different sizes containing artifacts and objects."],"extent_tesim":["19 Boxes (irregular size) The collection contains 19 boxes, including seven albums (consisting of photographs and scrapbooks), four Hollinger boxes, three oversized boxes (nautical charts, news clippings, and flags), and five boxes of different sizes containing artifacts and objects."],"date_range_isim":[1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHarold Vreeland donated the original part of this collection in 1985. He donated accruals to the collection in 1985 (BCHA-1985.7), 1993 (BCHA-1993.20), and 1996 (BCHA-1996.1).\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals"],"accruals_tesim":["Harold Vreeland donated the original part of this collection in 1985. He donated accruals to the collection in 1985 (BCHA-1985.7), 1993 (BCHA-1993.20), and 1996 (BCHA-1996.1)."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Vreeland family was among the first residents of Fort Lauderdale at the beginning of the 20th century. James Barnes Vreeland Sr. (1864\u0026#x2013;1943), a native of Flat Rock, Michigan, and his wife, Cordelia Deveaux Vreeland (1862\u0026#x2013;1958), Huguenot descent, originally from New Rochelle, New York, moved with their son, James B. Vreeland Jr. (1899\u0026#x2013;1978), to Florida in 1900. The family relocated from Larchmont, N.Y., to the Indian River area, where they purchased a citrus acreage that had not yet begun producing.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1906, at the request of President Theodore Roosevelt, Vreeland Sr. became captain of the Coast Guard House of Refuge (Station #4) in Fort Lauderdale, near Las Olas Beach, a post he held until 1915. The family rescued sailors shipwrecked on the reefs and managed two early local institutions: the Broward Hotel and the Las Olas Inn. He was also the first surveyors in Broward County.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring the first decade of the 20th century, Captain Vreeland Sr. faced several crises and storms, including an incident involving a crew that had mutinied against its captain off the coast of Florida. As a government agent, he boarded the vessel to reason with the crew, ultimately bringing the mutiny to an end.\nHe was also involved in real estate and took an active role in civic projects aimed at developing Fort Lauderdale. He and his wife were charter members of the First Presbyterian Church. In 1943, Vreeland Sr. died in an accident when his tractor went out of control and overturned, killing the 78 year old.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHis wife, Cordelia Deveaux Vreeland, was an active member of the Woman's Club of Fort Lauderdale, serving both as president and historian. She contributed to the establishment of Fort Lauderdale's first public library, the forerunner of today's Broward County Library. Upon her arrival in the area, she played the organ for Methodist and Baptist services. Between 1912 and 1913, Cordelia Vreeland directed the city's first choral group, known as the Tuesday Evening Woman's Chorus.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTheir son, James B. Vreeland Jr. (married to Dorothy Viola Simpson), continued the family's legacy as early as 1913 by expanding the fishing business as a charter captain. Captain Vreeland Jr. built his four boats, the Kingfishers, and went off the coast of Florida and the Bahamas capturing different kinds of game fish\u0026#x2014;sailfish, blue and white marlins, sharks, mantas, dolphins, barracudas, and others. Vreeland Jr. took his passion to another level by photographing and filming his catches for game fishing audiences from the 1920s to the early 1970s. Vreeland Jr. also shared his experience at sea by writing articles in newspapers and magazines, broadcasting stories on the radio during WWII, and lending his photographs to editors interested in publishing fishing action images. Outside of fishing, Vreeland Jr. became involved in the Bahia-Mar Charter Boatmen's Association as an active member and later served as its president.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring WWII, Captain Vreeland Jr. served in an unofficial role as a \"sea mailman,\" retrieving ship letters that had been thrown overboard so they could be preserved in case a vessel was attacked by German forces. In 1961, the City of Fort Lauderdale recognized James B. Vreeland Jr.'s contributions to the city's development by issuing a citation of esteem for his genuine pioneership.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHis son, Harold Vreeland (1924-1997), followed the same path as his predecessors by keeping the charter business alive at Bahia Mar. At a young age, Harold learned fishing techniques, breaking a record at just 14 by catching a giant mangrove snapper with rod and reel. During WWII, Harold Vreeland served in the Navy for over three years and spent 13 months on active duty in the Pacific aboard the destroyer USS Mansfield, one of the 17 ships in Admiral Halsey's fleet.\nHarold Vreeland participated in numerous tournaments in the United States and the Bahamas on several privately owned yachts. Married for more than fifty years to Lorraine DeBow Vreeland (1921-2011), the couple had two children: Jane and Jack. Jack Vreeland was the last of the family to take an avid interest in fishing off the coast of Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Vreeland family was among the first residents of Fort Lauderdale at the beginning of the 20th century. James Barnes Vreeland Sr. (1864–1943), a native of Flat Rock, Michigan, and his wife, Cordelia Deveaux Vreeland (1862–1958), Huguenot descent, originally from New Rochelle, New York, moved with their son, James B. Vreeland Jr. (1899–1978), to Florida in 1900. The family relocated from Larchmont, N.Y., to the Indian River area, where they purchased a citrus acreage that had not yet begun producing.","In 1906, at the request of President Theodore Roosevelt, Vreeland Sr. became captain of the Coast Guard House of Refuge (Station #4) in Fort Lauderdale, near Las Olas Beach, a post he held until 1915. The family rescued sailors shipwrecked on the reefs and managed two early local institutions: the Broward Hotel and the Las Olas Inn. He was also the first surveyors in Broward County.","During the first decade of the 20th century, Captain Vreeland Sr. faced several crises and storms, including an incident involving a crew that had mutinied against its captain off the coast of Florida. As a government agent, he boarded the vessel to reason with the crew, ultimately bringing the mutiny to an end.\nHe was also involved in real estate and took an active role in civic projects aimed at developing Fort Lauderdale. He and his wife were charter members of the First Presbyterian Church. In 1943, Vreeland Sr. died in an accident when his tractor went out of control and overturned, killing the 78 year old.","His wife, Cordelia Deveaux Vreeland, was an active member of the Woman's Club of Fort Lauderdale, serving both as president and historian. She contributed to the establishment of Fort Lauderdale's first public library, the forerunner of today's Broward County Library. Upon her arrival in the area, she played the organ for Methodist and Baptist services. Between 1912 and 1913, Cordelia Vreeland directed the city's first choral group, known as the Tuesday Evening Woman's Chorus.","Their son, James B. Vreeland Jr. (married to Dorothy Viola Simpson), continued the family's legacy as early as 1913 by expanding the fishing business as a charter captain. Captain Vreeland Jr. built his four boats, the Kingfishers, and went off the coast of Florida and the Bahamas capturing different kinds of game fish—sailfish, blue and white marlins, sharks, mantas, dolphins, barracudas, and others. Vreeland Jr. took his passion to another level by photographing and filming his catches for game fishing audiences from the 1920s to the early 1970s. Vreeland Jr. also shared his experience at sea by writing articles in newspapers and magazines, broadcasting stories on the radio during WWII, and lending his photographs to editors interested in publishing fishing action images. Outside of fishing, Vreeland Jr. became involved in the Bahia-Mar Charter Boatmen's Association as an active member and later served as its president.","During WWII, Captain Vreeland Jr. served in an unofficial role as a \"sea mailman,\" retrieving ship letters that had been thrown overboard so they could be preserved in case a vessel was attacked by German forces. In 1961, the City of Fort Lauderdale recognized James B. Vreeland Jr.'s contributions to the city's development by issuing a citation of esteem for his genuine pioneership.","His son, Harold Vreeland (1924-1997), followed the same path as his predecessors by keeping the charter business alive at Bahia Mar. At a young age, Harold learned fishing techniques, breaking a record at just 14 by catching a giant mangrove snapper with rod and reel. During WWII, Harold Vreeland served in the Navy for over three years and spent 13 months on active duty in the Pacific aboard the destroyer USS Mansfield, one of the 17 ships in Admiral Halsey's fleet.\nHarold Vreeland participated in numerous tournaments in the United States and the Bahamas on several privately owned yachts. Married for more than fifty years to Lorraine DeBow Vreeland (1921-2011), the couple had two children: Jane and Jack. Jack Vreeland was the last of the family to take an avid interest in fishing off the coast of Florida."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBroward County Historical Archives, Broward County Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Broward County Historical Archives, Broward County Library."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection received item level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This collection received item level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePersonal papers and items of Mr. and Mrs. J.B. Vreeland, Sr. donated by Harold Vreeland. The collection showcases the Vreelands' interest in fishing, boating, nautical scenery, and community engagement over three generations of fishermen in Fort Lauderdale. It comprises numerous photographs of fish taken off the coast of Fort Lauderdale in the Gulf Stream; postcards of Fort Lauderdale and other landmarks in Florida; nautical and fishing stories written by James B. Vreeland Jr.; nautical charts; correspondence; scrapbooks; news clippings; logbooks from the House of Refuge; artifacts and nautical instruments; and audiovisual materials recorded by James B. Vreeland Jr. and his son, Harold Vreeland. The collection also documents local history and highlights Cordelia Vreeland's involvement in the Woman's Club as both historian and president. The collection contains 19 boxes (including seven albums consisting of photographs and scrapbooks), four Hollinger boxes, three oversized boxes (nautical charts, news clippings, and flags), and five boxes with different sizes containing artifacts and objects.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into five series: 1. Photographs, postcards, and illustrations; 2. Boating and fishing; 3. Vreeland family personal papers; 4. Objects, artwork, and relics; 5. Audiovisual materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Photographs, postcards, and illustrations series includes illustrations depicting fishing, boating, nautical scenery, the Vreeland family, hurricanes and storms, and various aquatic and marine activities. For the most part, the photographs showcase various species such as sailfish, white marlin, blue marlin, manta rays, sharks, mangrove snappers, tarpon, bonefish, mahi-mahi, barracuda, kingfish, and other game fish caught off the coast of Florida and in the Gulf Stream. It also illustrates various boats owned by the Vreeland family, including the Kingfishers (III, IV, and V), the Agnes, and a glass-bottom boat called the Mermaid of the Sea. It also features warships\u0026#x2014;such as cruisers and destroyers\u0026#x2014;navigating off the coast of Fort Lauderdale during World War II. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIt also showcases members of the Vreeland family over three generations, with a particular focus on James B. Vreeland Sr. and Cordelia Vreeland. Postcards and souvenir cards depict Fort Lauderdale's nautical scenery, canals, beaches, and waterfront development, as well as notable Florida landmarks such as Cypress Gardens, the Singing Tower at Mountain Lake, and historic sites in St. Augustine. The postcards also feature big-game fishing scenes, marine wildlife, Vreeland family vessels, military ships, and regional tourist attractions. Although the majority of items portray Fort Lauderdale, a smaller number document locations outside Florida, including Halls Harbour (Nova Scotia), Alabama, and Tennessee.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe boating and fishing series includes writings by James B. Vreeland Jr., such as sea stories intended to educate the public about game\u0026#x2011;fishing activities and boating. These stories were published in newspapers and magazines and were also broadcast on radio. The series additionally contains publications and flyers featuring photographs taken by Vreeland that document fishing activities. Other material includes the House of Refuge logbooks kept by James B. Vreeland Sr. in the early twentieth century.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Vreeland family personal papers series includes personal documents and realia pertaining to the Vreeland family at various stages of their lives, as well as scrapbooks, news clippings, photographs, and other materials documenting the history of Fort Lauderdale and Florida. Additional materials relate to Cordelia Vreeland's involvement in the Woman's Club of Fort Lauderdale, particularly in her role as historian.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Objects, artwork, and relics series includes nautical instruments used by James B. Vreeland Sr., banners, relics from the old Fort Lauderdale, musket balls, clothes, sharks and alligators teeth, a painting, and a wood carving wall art.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFinally, the Audiovisual materials series includes recordings made by James B. Vreeland Jr concerning game fishing and sea stories.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Personal papers and items of Mr. and Mrs. J.B. Vreeland, Sr. donated by Harold Vreeland. The collection showcases the Vreelands' interest in fishing, boating, nautical scenery, and community engagement over three generations of fishermen in Fort Lauderdale. It comprises numerous photographs of fish taken off the coast of Fort Lauderdale in the Gulf Stream; postcards of Fort Lauderdale and other landmarks in Florida; nautical and fishing stories written by James B. Vreeland Jr.; nautical charts; correspondence; scrapbooks; news clippings; logbooks from the House of Refuge; artifacts and nautical instruments; and audiovisual materials recorded by James B. Vreeland Jr. and his son, Harold Vreeland. The collection also documents local history and highlights Cordelia Vreeland's involvement in the Woman's Club as both historian and president. The collection contains 19 boxes (including seven albums consisting of photographs and scrapbooks), four Hollinger boxes, three oversized boxes (nautical charts, news clippings, and flags), and five boxes with different sizes containing artifacts and objects.","The collection is arranged into five series: 1. Photographs, postcards, and illustrations; 2. Boating and fishing; 3. Vreeland family personal papers; 4. Objects, artwork, and relics; 5. Audiovisual materials.","The Photographs, postcards, and illustrations series includes illustrations depicting fishing, boating, nautical scenery, the Vreeland family, hurricanes and storms, and various aquatic and marine activities. For the most part, the photographs showcase various species such as sailfish, white marlin, blue marlin, manta rays, sharks, mangrove snappers, tarpon, bonefish, mahi-mahi, barracuda, kingfish, and other game fish caught off the coast of Florida and in the Gulf Stream. It also illustrates various boats owned by the Vreeland family, including the Kingfishers (III, IV, and V), the Agnes, and a glass-bottom boat called the Mermaid of the Sea. It also features warships—such as cruisers and destroyers—navigating off the coast of Fort Lauderdale during World War II. ","It also showcases members of the Vreeland family over three generations, with a particular focus on James B. Vreeland Sr. and Cordelia Vreeland. Postcards and souvenir cards depict Fort Lauderdale's nautical scenery, canals, beaches, and waterfront development, as well as notable Florida landmarks such as Cypress Gardens, the Singing Tower at Mountain Lake, and historic sites in St. Augustine. The postcards also feature big-game fishing scenes, marine wildlife, Vreeland family vessels, military ships, and regional tourist attractions. Although the majority of items portray Fort Lauderdale, a smaller number document locations outside Florida, including Halls Harbour (Nova Scotia), Alabama, and Tennessee.","The boating and fishing series includes writings by James B. Vreeland Jr., such as sea stories intended to educate the public about game‑fishing activities and boating. These stories were published in newspapers and magazines and were also broadcast on radio. The series additionally contains publications and flyers featuring photographs taken by Vreeland that document fishing activities. Other material includes the House of Refuge logbooks kept by James B. Vreeland Sr. in the early twentieth century.","The Vreeland family personal papers series includes personal documents and realia pertaining to the Vreeland family at various stages of their lives, as well as scrapbooks, news clippings, photographs, and other materials documenting the history of Fort Lauderdale and Florida. Additional materials relate to Cordelia Vreeland's involvement in the Woman's Club of Fort Lauderdale, particularly in her role as historian.","The Objects, artwork, and relics series includes nautical instruments used by James B. Vreeland Sr., banners, relics from the old Fort Lauderdale, musket balls, clothes, sharks and alligators teeth, a painting, and a wood carving wall art.","Finally, the Audiovisual materials series includes recordings made by James B. Vreeland Jr concerning game fishing and sea stories."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAccess to collections in the Broward County Library Special Collections is not authorization to publish. Copyright of some items in this collection may be held by respective creators, not by the donor of the collection or the Broward County Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Access to collections in the Broward County Library Special Collections is not authorization to publish. Copyright of some items in this collection may be held by respective creators, not by the donor of the collection or the Broward County Library."],"names_ssim":[" Broward County Historical Archives","Vreeland, Harold"],"corpname_ssim":[" Broward County Historical Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["Vreeland, Harold"],"persname_ssim":["Vreeland, Harold"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":708,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1877635433981018112,"_root_":"6678d1ef17eb0b784725a98a","timestamp":"2026-09-29T03:31:28.954Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/6678d1ef17eb0b784725a98a"}},{"id":"04e32556f6297755950f6b7c_aspace_59739","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"W, 1930-1935","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/04e32556f6297755950f6b7c_aspace_59739#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_59739","ref_ssm":["aspace_59739","aspace_59739"],"id":"04e32556f6297755950f6b7c_aspace_59739","title_filing_ssi":"W","title_ssm":["W"],"title_tesim":["W"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1930-1935"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1930-1935"],"normalized_title_ssm":["W, 1930-1935"],"text":["W, 1930-1935","S. F. Travis Company Collection, 1921-1939","Ledgers, 1921-1939, Undated","Folder 6","/repositories/4/archival_objects/43772","box 5","folder 6"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["04e32556f6297755950f6b7c","04e32556f6297755950f6b7c_aspace_59706"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["S. F. Travis Company Collection, 1921-1939","Ledgers, 1921-1939, Undated"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["S. F. Travis Company Collection, 1921-1939","Ledgers, 1921-1939, Undated"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["Folder 6","/repositories/4/archival_objects/43772"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["S. F. Travis Company Collection, 1921-1939"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":30,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The entire collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Unpublished records are protected by copyright. Permission to publish quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"date_range_isim":[1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935],"containers_ssim":["box 5","folder 6"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#28","_nest_parent_":"04e32556f6297755950f6b7c_aspace_59706","_root_":"04e32556f6297755950f6b7c","_version_":1870857698891792384,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:02:17.083Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"04e32556f6297755950f6b7c","title_ssm":["S. F. Travis Company Collection"],"title_tesim":["S. F. Travis Company Collection"],"ead_ssi":"04e32556f6297755950f6b7c","unitdate_ssm":["1921-1939"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1921-1939"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC.018","/repositories/4/resources/181"],"text":["SC.018","/repositories/4/resources/181","S. F. Travis Company Collection, 1921-1939","Brevard County (Fla.)--History--20th century.","Accounting -- Florida -- 20th Century","Bookkeeping -- Florida -- 20th Century","Hardware stores -- United States -- Florida","Stores, Retail","Merchants -- Florida","The entire collection is open for research.","S. F. Travis Company was established in September 1885 by Colonel S. F. Travis (July 12, 1855-July 1, 1921), who served in the American Civil War. He sold various merchandise to locals mainly to the settlements along the riverbanks by traveling on a boat going up and down the St. Johns River from Jacksonville to Fort Pierce. During that time, there were no established roads or railways in East Central Florida and all the supplies had to be delivered by boat. Around 1892, he purchased an existing store on Delannoy Avenue near the Indian River about nine miles from the Kennedy Space Center and used it as a warehouse, later on became a permanent retail store. S. F. Travis passed away in 1921 and buried in Cocoa City Cemetery, Brevard County, Florida.","\nHis son, S. F. Travis Jr. also known as \"Fred\", took over the business and served to the community for 57 years. Later on, Joseph E. Field run the company for 20 years until his death in 1983. The company is currently operated by Travis \"Mac\" Osborne who purchased all the existing stock in the company from other family members in 1985. He is the president of the Cocoa Village Merchants Association, head of the Cocoa Rotary Club, and active member of Georgianna Methodist Church. Mac also received the first Four Way Test award from Rockledge Rotary Club for commitment, volunteerism, and charitable support within the community. The company continues to provide industrial hardware supplies to local cities, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Patrick Air Force Base, and Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. S. F. Travis Company is the oldest continually-run family company in Brevard County, Florida.","Processed by Suphi Burak Ogreten; finding aid prepared by Suphi Burak Ogreten.","Materials have been placed in acid-free folders and housed in an acid-free boxes. All rusty items such as nails and metal paper clips have been removed so as to prevent any futher damage to the materials.","Invoice record book (Circa 1910)  F319.C74 S2 , Special Collections, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.","Invoice record book (Circa 1935)  F319.C74 S22 , Special Collections, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.","One series comprises this collection.","\nThe collection includes handwritten and carbon copies of business ledgers, book of daily transactions with customers of the S. F. Travis Company mercantile store: L. R. Rainey Dry Goods Store, Monticello, Florida between 1921 and 1935. The collection follows the original order in which it was received, delineated by tabbed markers in A to Z order by purchaser. The ledgers were originally housed in 4-ring binder notebooks. They have been removed from the binders and placed in acid-free folders.","\nCollection includes information about each transaction, such as date, description, charges, credits and balance. Transactions reflect the sale of general merchandise, such as dry goods, notions, ladies' and gents' furnishings, staple and fancy groceries, shelf and heavy hardware. Accounts were settled with either cash or bartering goods.","\nCollection also includes one business card from January 1939 produced by the Wallace Pencil Company as an advertisement for \"Invader\" pencils. The business card was customized for J. N. Rosolio, Business Systems - Office Equipment, Thomasville, GA.","Unpublished records are protected by copyright. Permission to publish quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","S. F. Travis Company was established in September 1885 by Colonel S. F. Travis, who served in the American Civil War. He sold various merchandise to locals mainly to the settlements along the riverbanks by traveling on a boat going up and down the St. Johns River from Jacksonville to Fort Pierce. The collection includes his business transactions from 1921 to 1935. The ledgers show each transactions reflect the sale of general merchandise, such as dry goods, notions, ladies' and gents' furnishings, groceries, and hardware.","UCF Special Collections","S. F. Travis Company","Travis, S. F., 1855-1921","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC.018","/repositories/4/resources/181"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1921-1939"],"normalized_title_ssm":["S. F. Travis Company Collection, 1921-1939"],"collection_title_tesim":["S. F. Travis Company Collection, 1921-1939"],"collection_ssim":["S. F. Travis Company Collection, 1921-1939"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Brevard County (Fla.)--History--20th century."],"geogname_ssim":["Brevard County (Fla.)--History--20th century."],"places_ssim":["Brevard County (Fla.)--History--20th century."],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished records are protected by copyright. Permission to publish quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Travis \"Mac\" Osborne donated these materials to the University of Central Florida Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives Department in 1990 (CFM1990_01)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Accounting -- Florida -- 20th Century","Bookkeeping -- Florida -- 20th Century","Hardware stores -- United States -- Florida","Stores, Retail","Merchants -- Florida"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Accounting -- Florida -- 20th Century","Bookkeeping -- Florida -- 20th Century","Hardware stores -- United States -- Florida","Stores, Retail","Merchants -- Florida"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.5 Linear Feet 5 Boxes"],"extent_tesim":["2.5 Linear Feet 5 Boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eS. F. Travis Company was established in September 1885 by Colonel S. F. Travis (July 12, 1855-July 1, 1921), who served in the American Civil War. He sold various merchandise to locals mainly to the settlements along the riverbanks by traveling on a boat going up and down the St. Johns River from Jacksonville to Fort Pierce. During that time, there were no established roads or railways in East Central Florida and all the supplies had to be delivered by boat. Around 1892, he purchased an existing store on Delannoy Avenue near the Indian River about nine miles from the Kennedy Space Center and used it as a warehouse, later on became a permanent retail store. S. F. Travis passed away in 1921 and buried in Cocoa City Cemetery, Brevard County, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nHis son, S. F. Travis Jr. also known as \"Fred\", took over the business and served to the community for 57 years. Later on, Joseph E. Field run the company for 20 years until his death in 1983. The company is currently operated by Travis \"Mac\" Osborne who purchased all the existing stock in the company from other family members in 1985. He is the president of the Cocoa Village Merchants Association, head of the Cocoa Rotary Club, and active member of Georgianna Methodist Church. Mac also received the first Four Way Test award from Rockledge Rotary Club for commitment, volunteerism, and charitable support within the community. The company continues to provide industrial hardware supplies to local cities, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Patrick Air Force Base, and Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. S. F. Travis Company is the oldest continually-run family company in Brevard County, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["S. F. Travis Company was established in September 1885 by Colonel S. F. Travis (July 12, 1855-July 1, 1921), who served in the American Civil War. He sold various merchandise to locals mainly to the settlements along the riverbanks by traveling on a boat going up and down the St. Johns River from Jacksonville to Fort Pierce. During that time, there were no established roads or railways in East Central Florida and all the supplies had to be delivered by boat. Around 1892, he purchased an existing store on Delannoy Avenue near the Indian River about nine miles from the Kennedy Space Center and used it as a warehouse, later on became a permanent retail store. S. F. Travis passed away in 1921 and buried in Cocoa City Cemetery, Brevard County, Florida.","\nHis son, S. F. Travis Jr. also known as \"Fred\", took over the business and served to the community for 57 years. Later on, Joseph E. Field run the company for 20 years until his death in 1983. The company is currently operated by Travis \"Mac\" Osborne who purchased all the existing stock in the company from other family members in 1985. He is the president of the Cocoa Village Merchants Association, head of the Cocoa Rotary Club, and active member of Georgianna Methodist Church. Mac also received the first Four Way Test award from Rockledge Rotary Club for commitment, volunteerism, and charitable support within the community. The company continues to provide industrial hardware supplies to local cities, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Patrick Air Force Base, and Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. S. F. Travis Company is the oldest continually-run family company in Brevard County, Florida."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eS. F. Travis Company Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["S. F. Travis Company Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Suphi Burak Ogreten; finding aid prepared by Suphi Burak Ogreten.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials have been placed in acid-free folders and housed in an acid-free boxes. All rusty items such as nails and metal paper clips have been removed so as to prevent any futher damage to the materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Suphi Burak Ogreten; finding aid prepared by Suphi Burak Ogreten.","Materials have been placed in acid-free folders and housed in an acid-free boxes. All rusty items such as nails and metal paper clips have been removed so as to prevent any futher damage to the materials."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eInvoice record book (Circa 1910) \u003cextref href=\"https://ucf-flvc.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01FALSC_UCF/6a1ouu/alma990284224230306596\"\u003eF319.C74 S2\u003c/extref\u003e, Special Collections, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eInvoice record book (Circa 1935) \u003cextref href=\"https://ucf-flvc.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01FALSC_UCF/6a1ouu/alma990284243030306596\"\u003eF319.C74 S22\u003c/extref\u003e, Special Collections, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Invoice record book (Circa 1910)  F319.C74 S2 , Special Collections, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.","Invoice record book (Circa 1935)  F319.C74 S22 , Special Collections, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOne series comprises this collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThe collection includes handwritten and carbon copies of business ledgers, book of daily transactions with customers of the S. F. Travis Company mercantile store: L. R. Rainey Dry Goods Store, Monticello, Florida between 1921 and 1935. The collection follows the original order in which it was received, delineated by tabbed markers in A to Z order by purchaser. The ledgers were originally housed in 4-ring binder notebooks. They have been removed from the binders and placed in acid-free folders.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nCollection includes information about each transaction, such as date, description, charges, credits and balance. Transactions reflect the sale of general merchandise, such as dry goods, notions, ladies' and gents' furnishings, staple and fancy groceries, shelf and heavy hardware. Accounts were settled with either cash or bartering goods.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nCollection also includes one business card from January 1939 produced by the Wallace Pencil Company as an advertisement for \"Invader\" pencils. The business card was customized for J. N. Rosolio, Business Systems - Office Equipment, Thomasville, GA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["One series comprises this collection.","\nThe collection includes handwritten and carbon copies of business ledgers, book of daily transactions with customers of the S. F. Travis Company mercantile store: L. R. Rainey Dry Goods Store, Monticello, Florida between 1921 and 1935. The collection follows the original order in which it was received, delineated by tabbed markers in A to Z order by purchaser. The ledgers were originally housed in 4-ring binder notebooks. They have been removed from the binders and placed in acid-free folders.","\nCollection includes information about each transaction, such as date, description, charges, credits and balance. Transactions reflect the sale of general merchandise, such as dry goods, notions, ladies' and gents' furnishings, staple and fancy groceries, shelf and heavy hardware. Accounts were settled with either cash or bartering goods.","\nCollection also includes one business card from January 1939 produced by the Wallace Pencil Company as an advertisement for \"Invader\" pencils. The business card was customized for J. N. Rosolio, Business Systems - Office Equipment, Thomasville, GA."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished records are protected by copyright. Permission to publish quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished records are protected by copyright. Permission to publish quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_17939eaaeb0e4896210acdfc5ef066f9\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eS. F. Travis Company was established in September 1885 by Colonel S. F. Travis, who served in the American Civil War. He sold various merchandise to locals mainly to the settlements along the riverbanks by traveling on a boat going up and down the St. Johns River from Jacksonville to Fort Pierce. The collection includes his business transactions from 1921 to 1935. The ledgers show each transactions reflect the sale of general merchandise, such as dry goods, notions, ladies' and gents' furnishings, groceries, and hardware.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["S. F. Travis Company was established in September 1885 by Colonel S. F. Travis, who served in the American Civil War. He sold various merchandise to locals mainly to the settlements along the riverbanks by traveling on a boat going up and down the St. Johns River from Jacksonville to Fort Pierce. The collection includes his business transactions from 1921 to 1935. The ledgers show each transactions reflect the sale of general merchandise, such as dry goods, notions, ladies' and gents' furnishings, groceries, and hardware."],"names_coll_ssim":["S. F. Travis Company","Travis, S. F., 1855-1921"],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","S. F. Travis Company","Travis, S. F., 1855-1921"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","S. F. Travis Company"],"persname_ssim":["Travis, S. F., 1855-1921"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":32,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870857698891792384,"_root_":"04e32556f6297755950f6b7c","timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:02:17.083Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/04e32556f6297755950f6b7c_aspace_59739"}},{"id":"37e76ab7962c625b188a599b_aspace_09b9dd4941d13e2489cd980caad9ba2c","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Wagg, Alfred H., 1932-1934","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/37e76ab7962c625b188a599b_aspace_09b9dd4941d13e2489cd980caad9ba2c#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_09b9dd4941d13e2489cd980caad9ba2c","ref_ssm":["aspace_09b9dd4941d13e2489cd980caad9ba2c","aspace_09b9dd4941d13e2489cd980caad9ba2c"],"id":"37e76ab7962c625b188a599b_aspace_09b9dd4941d13e2489cd980caad9ba2c","title_filing_ssi":"Wagg, Alfred H.","title_ssm":["Wagg, Alfred H."],"title_tesim":["Wagg, Alfred H."],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1932-1934"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1932-1934"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wagg, Alfred H., 1932-1934"],"text":["Wagg, Alfred H., 1932-1934","Robert H. Gore Papers, 1929-1989","Series 04: Correspondence, 1930-1972","/repositories/4/archival_objects/21840","English","box 3","folder 14"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["37e76ab7962c625b188a599b","37e76ab7962c625b188a599b_aspace_2334cb83d612a6027b0640ae6e587d7f"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Robert H. Gore Papers, 1929-1989","Series 04: Correspondence, 1930-1972"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Robert H. Gore Papers, 1929-1989","Series 04: Correspondence, 1930-1972"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/4/archival_objects/21840"],"repository_ssim":["Broward County Historical Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Robert H. Gore Papers, 1929-1989"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":69,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The Robert H. 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Gore Papers, 1929-1989","Fort Lauderdale (Fla.)","Broward County (Fla.)","Puerto Rico","Actions and defenses","Correspondence","Publications","Photographs","Group portraits","Portraits","scrapbooks","Newspapers","The Robert H. Gore Papers are open for research.","The collection is arranged in the following series: Series I: Personal and Family Papers and Objects, Series II. Professional and Secondary Activities, Series III. Lawsuit files, Series IV. Correspondence, Series V. Photographs, Series VI. Publications.","Robert H. Gore (1886-1972) was a newspaper publisher who played a major role in the development of South Florida and served as the 11th Civilian Governor of Puerto Rico from July 1933 to January 1934.","Robert Hayes Gore, Sr. was born in 1886 in Knottsville, Kentucky. His father died when he was at the age of nine, and his mother worked in a pants factory to support her children. After graduating high school, Gore attended the University of Kentucky. He became associated with the Scripps-Howard newspapers in 1907 as a reporter. Gore earned a position as managing editor of the Evansville, Indiana Press before he became the publisher of the Terra Haute Post (Indiana) in 1916. As publisher, he developed his idea for a direct marketing life insurance program, \"giving away\" $1,000 travel life insurance policies with the purchase of a newspaper subscription. Gore left the Terra Haute Post in 1921 after the life insurance-newspaper subscription program became widely successful. Gore founded his own insurance company to function alongside newspaper businesses, the North American Accident Insurance Co., and his insurance-newspaper subscription program was bought by over 1,000 other newspapers. Within a year he was worth millions of dollars, established a publishing house in Terra Haute, and moved the insurance business to Chicago. ","In the spring of 1929, R. H. Gore took a trip to visit a publishing friend in Tampa, and while there received a letter from Tom Stilwell, the owner of the Ft. Lauderdale Daily News concerning his life insurance-newspaper subscription program. Stilwell offered to sell Gore the paper, and Gore bought the Daily News effective April 1, 1929. Shortly after that purchase, Gore split his time between Terra Haute and Fort Lauderdale, and eventually moved to Florida full-time, where he expanded his businesses.","The Fort Lauderdale Daily News was consolidated in 1925 by the Galvin brothers of Ohio from two weekly newspapers, the Fort Lauderdale Herald (founded in 1911) and the Sentinel (founded 1910). They then sold the paper to Stilwell, who sold it to Gore. In 1953, the Gore Publishing Company changed the name of the paper from The Fort Lauderdale Daily News to the Fort Lauderdale News. In March 1960 Gore Publishing purchased the Pompano Beach Sun, a weekly newspaper, and on April 11, 1960 published the first issue of the daily Sun-Sentinel.","During his tenure as managing editor of the Terra Haute Post, Gore became increasingly involved in local and national politics, and wrote novels and newspaper columns. During the 1920 presidential campaign, Gore ran an article in favor of then vice-presidential candidate Franklin Delano Roosevelt predicted Roosevelt would become president. Gore went on to serve as a member of the Democratic National Executive Committee and as finance chairman for FDR's 1932 campaign. In 1933, after securing the presidency, Roosevelt appointed Gore as the Governor of Puerto Rico. Gore arrived at the island in July, and served until he resigned in December 1933, which became effective in 1934. Despite his short gubernatorial tenure, Gore remained politically influential through the 1930s and was a major conservative commentator on the United States' involvement in World War II. As Gore's newspaper network and business interests in South Florida grew, he also became a patriarchal figure in Fort Lauderdale politics.","Gore's business interests in Fort Lauderdale real estate began with the purchase of the unfinished Wilmar Hotel, which Gore developed into the Governor's Club Hotel. The Governor's Club Hotel opened in December 1937 and quickly became a Fort Lauderdale icon. Gore successfully sued Fred Howland Inc. for poor-quality workmanship on the Governor's Club Hotel, a case that became an important precedent in Florida State Law. He also owned the Sea Ranch Hotel in addition to many other hotels across the country. He also began a successful and award-winning orchid nursery in Fort Lauderdale.","Gore's sons served as leaders for many of the businesses that he founded. In 1963, Gore sold the Fort Lauderdale News and the Sun Sentinel to the Tribune Company of Chicago, along with several other Florida newspapers he had acquired and decided to focus on his orchid business and hotel businesses. His son T.T. Gore served as president of the reorganized Gore Newspapers Company, and J.W. Gore serving as vice president.","Gore's wife Lenora died in 1964. Robert H. Gore died December 27, 1972 in the Governor's Club Hotel after a lengthy illness and was survived by his seven sons and two daughters. In 1990, his son Paul A. Gore published the book \"Past the Edge of Poverty: A Biography of Robert Hayes Gore, Senior.\" The same year, Paul Gore donated some of his father's archive to the Broward County Historical Commission.","This collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as aquisitions to the collection.","The Robert H. Gore Papers contains papers documenting Gore's career as Governor of Puerto Rico, newspaper publisher, real estate developer, and other secondary activities. The series of photographs and correspondence show Gore's relationship with American politicians like Franklin D. Roosevelt and others. The newspapers and scrapbooks document his entrepreneurial and political career. They include editorials that Gore wrote during World War II, transcripts of interviews, and various biographical articles. It is a good source to study his points of view and opinions about national interests as well as the development of South Florida.","The separated materials are located in BCHA-FLat File 110."," Broward County Historical Archives","Rogers, Paul G., 1921-2008","English Spanish; Castilian"],"unitid_tesim":["BCHA.1990.7","/repositories/4/resources/11"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1929-1989"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Robert H. Gore Papers, 1929-1989"],"collection_title_tesim":["Robert H. 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Gore (1886-1972) was a newspaper publisher who played a major role in the development of South Florida and served as the 11th Civilian Governor of Puerto Rico from July 1933 to January 1934.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRobert Hayes Gore, Sr. was born in 1886 in Knottsville, Kentucky. His father died when he was at the age of nine, and his mother worked in a pants factory to support her children. After graduating high school, Gore attended the University of Kentucky. He became associated with the Scripps-Howard newspapers in 1907 as a reporter. Gore earned a position as managing editor of the Evansville, Indiana Press before he became the publisher of the Terra Haute Post (Indiana) in 1916. As publisher, he developed his idea for a direct marketing life insurance program, \"giving away\" $1,000 travel life insurance policies with the purchase of a newspaper subscription. Gore left the Terra Haute Post in 1921 after the life insurance-newspaper subscription program became widely successful. Gore founded his own insurance company to function alongside newspaper businesses, the North American Accident Insurance Co., and his insurance-newspaper subscription program was bought by over 1,000 other newspapers. Within a year he was worth millions of dollars, established a publishing house in Terra Haute, and moved the insurance business to Chicago. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the spring of 1929, R. H. Gore took a trip to visit a publishing friend in Tampa, and while there received a letter from Tom Stilwell, the owner of the Ft. Lauderdale Daily News concerning his life insurance-newspaper subscription program. Stilwell offered to sell Gore the paper, and Gore bought the Daily News effective April 1, 1929. Shortly after that purchase, Gore split his time between Terra Haute and Fort Lauderdale, and eventually moved to Florida full-time, where he expanded his businesses.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Fort Lauderdale Daily News was consolidated in 1925 by the Galvin brothers of Ohio from two weekly newspapers, the Fort Lauderdale Herald (founded in 1911) and the Sentinel (founded 1910). They then sold the paper to Stilwell, who sold it to Gore. In 1953, the Gore Publishing Company changed the name of the paper from The Fort Lauderdale Daily News to the Fort Lauderdale News. In March 1960 Gore Publishing purchased the Pompano Beach Sun, a weekly newspaper, and on April 11, 1960 published the first issue of the daily Sun-Sentinel.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring his tenure as managing editor of the Terra Haute Post, Gore became increasingly involved in local and national politics, and wrote novels and newspaper columns. During the 1920 presidential campaign, Gore ran an article in favor of then vice-presidential candidate Franklin Delano Roosevelt predicted Roosevelt would become president. Gore went on to serve as a member of the Democratic National Executive Committee and as finance chairman for FDR's 1932 campaign. In 1933, after securing the presidency, Roosevelt appointed Gore as the Governor of Puerto Rico. Gore arrived at the island in July, and served until he resigned in December 1933, which became effective in 1934. Despite his short gubernatorial tenure, Gore remained politically influential through the 1930s and was a major conservative commentator on the United States' involvement in World War II. 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Gore (1886-1972) was a newspaper publisher who played a major role in the development of South Florida and served as the 11th Civilian Governor of Puerto Rico from July 1933 to January 1934.","Robert Hayes Gore, Sr. was born in 1886 in Knottsville, Kentucky. His father died when he was at the age of nine, and his mother worked in a pants factory to support her children. After graduating high school, Gore attended the University of Kentucky. He became associated with the Scripps-Howard newspapers in 1907 as a reporter. Gore earned a position as managing editor of the Evansville, Indiana Press before he became the publisher of the Terra Haute Post (Indiana) in 1916. As publisher, he developed his idea for a direct marketing life insurance program, \"giving away\" $1,000 travel life insurance policies with the purchase of a newspaper subscription. Gore left the Terra Haute Post in 1921 after the life insurance-newspaper subscription program became widely successful. Gore founded his own insurance company to function alongside newspaper businesses, the North American Accident Insurance Co., and his insurance-newspaper subscription program was bought by over 1,000 other newspapers. Within a year he was worth millions of dollars, established a publishing house in Terra Haute, and moved the insurance business to Chicago. ","In the spring of 1929, R. H. Gore took a trip to visit a publishing friend in Tampa, and while there received a letter from Tom Stilwell, the owner of the Ft. Lauderdale Daily News concerning his life insurance-newspaper subscription program. Stilwell offered to sell Gore the paper, and Gore bought the Daily News effective April 1, 1929. Shortly after that purchase, Gore split his time between Terra Haute and Fort Lauderdale, and eventually moved to Florida full-time, where he expanded his businesses.","The Fort Lauderdale Daily News was consolidated in 1925 by the Galvin brothers of Ohio from two weekly newspapers, the Fort Lauderdale Herald (founded in 1911) and the Sentinel (founded 1910). They then sold the paper to Stilwell, who sold it to Gore. In 1953, the Gore Publishing Company changed the name of the paper from The Fort Lauderdale Daily News to the Fort Lauderdale News. In March 1960 Gore Publishing purchased the Pompano Beach Sun, a weekly newspaper, and on April 11, 1960 published the first issue of the daily Sun-Sentinel.","During his tenure as managing editor of the Terra Haute Post, Gore became increasingly involved in local and national politics, and wrote novels and newspaper columns. During the 1920 presidential campaign, Gore ran an article in favor of then vice-presidential candidate Franklin Delano Roosevelt predicted Roosevelt would become president. Gore went on to serve as a member of the Democratic National Executive Committee and as finance chairman for FDR's 1932 campaign. In 1933, after securing the presidency, Roosevelt appointed Gore as the Governor of Puerto Rico. Gore arrived at the island in July, and served until he resigned in December 1933, which became effective in 1934. Despite his short gubernatorial tenure, Gore remained politically influential through the 1930s and was a major conservative commentator on the United States' involvement in World War II. As Gore's newspaper network and business interests in South Florida grew, he also became a patriarchal figure in Fort Lauderdale politics.","Gore's business interests in Fort Lauderdale real estate began with the purchase of the unfinished Wilmar Hotel, which Gore developed into the Governor's Club Hotel. The Governor's Club Hotel opened in December 1937 and quickly became a Fort Lauderdale icon. Gore successfully sued Fred Howland Inc. for poor-quality workmanship on the Governor's Club Hotel, a case that became an important precedent in Florida State Law. He also owned the Sea Ranch Hotel in addition to many other hotels across the country. He also began a successful and award-winning orchid nursery in Fort Lauderdale.","Gore's sons served as leaders for many of the businesses that he founded. In 1963, Gore sold the Fort Lauderdale News and the Sun Sentinel to the Tribune Company of Chicago, along with several other Florida newspapers he had acquired and decided to focus on his orchid business and hotel businesses. His son T.T. Gore served as president of the reorganized Gore Newspapers Company, and J.W. Gore serving as vice president.","Gore's wife Lenora died in 1964. Robert H. Gore died December 27, 1972 in the Governor's Club Hotel after a lengthy illness and was survived by his seven sons and two daughters. In 1990, his son Paul A. Gore published the book \"Past the Edge of Poverty: A Biography of Robert Hayes Gore, Senior.\" The same year, Paul Gore donated some of his father's archive to the Broward County Historical Commission."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRobert H. Gore papers, Broward County Historical Archives, Broward County Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Robert H. Gore papers, Broward County Historical Archives, Broward County Library."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as aquisitions to the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as aquisitions to the collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Robert H. Gore Papers contains papers documenting Gore's career as Governor of Puerto Rico, newspaper publisher, real estate developer, and other secondary activities. The series of photographs and correspondence show Gore's relationship with American politicians like Franklin D. Roosevelt and others. The newspapers and scrapbooks document his entrepreneurial and political career. They include editorials that Gore wrote during World War II, transcripts of interviews, and various biographical articles. It is a good source to study his points of view and opinions about national interests as well as the development of South Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Robert H. Gore Papers contains papers documenting Gore's career as Governor of Puerto Rico, newspaper publisher, real estate developer, and other secondary activities. The series of photographs and correspondence show Gore's relationship with American politicians like Franklin D. Roosevelt and others. The newspapers and scrapbooks document his entrepreneurial and political career. They include editorials that Gore wrote during World War II, transcripts of interviews, and various biographical articles. It is a good source to study his points of view and opinions about national interests as well as the development of South Florida."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe separated materials are located in BCHA-FLat File 110.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["The separated materials are located in BCHA-FLat File 110."],"names_ssim":[" Broward County Historical Archives","Rogers, Paul G., 1921-2008"],"corpname_ssim":[" Broward County Historical Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["Rogers, Paul G., 1921-2008"],"persname_ssim":["Rogers, Paul G., 1921-2008"],"language_ssim":["English Spanish; Castilian"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":160,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870840669286694912,"_root_":"37e76ab7962c625b188a599b","timestamp":"2026-07-16T03:31:36.385Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/37e76ab7962c625b188a599b_aspace_09b9dd4941d13e2489cd980caad9ba2c"}},{"id":"37e76ab7962c625b188a599b_aspace_99b1d1b1c19256a2468c624e8ef01d19","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Walker, Frank, 1932-1935","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/37e76ab7962c625b188a599b_aspace_99b1d1b1c19256a2468c624e8ef01d19#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_99b1d1b1c19256a2468c624e8ef01d19","ref_ssm":["aspace_99b1d1b1c19256a2468c624e8ef01d19","aspace_99b1d1b1c19256a2468c624e8ef01d19"],"id":"37e76ab7962c625b188a599b_aspace_99b1d1b1c19256a2468c624e8ef01d19","title_filing_ssi":"Walker, Frank","title_ssm":["Walker, Frank"],"title_tesim":["Walker, Frank"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1932-1935"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1932-1935"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Walker, Frank, 1932-1935"],"text":["Walker, Frank, 1932-1935","Robert H. 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Gore Papers, 1929-1989","Fort Lauderdale (Fla.)","Broward County (Fla.)","Puerto Rico","Actions and defenses","Correspondence","Publications","Photographs","Group portraits","Portraits","scrapbooks","Newspapers","The Robert H. Gore Papers are open for research.","The collection is arranged in the following series: Series I: Personal and Family Papers and Objects, Series II. Professional and Secondary Activities, Series III. Lawsuit files, Series IV. Correspondence, Series V. Photographs, Series VI. Publications.","Robert H. Gore (1886-1972) was a newspaper publisher who played a major role in the development of South Florida and served as the 11th Civilian Governor of Puerto Rico from July 1933 to January 1934.","Robert Hayes Gore, Sr. was born in 1886 in Knottsville, Kentucky. His father died when he was at the age of nine, and his mother worked in a pants factory to support her children. After graduating high school, Gore attended the University of Kentucky. He became associated with the Scripps-Howard newspapers in 1907 as a reporter. Gore earned a position as managing editor of the Evansville, Indiana Press before he became the publisher of the Terra Haute Post (Indiana) in 1916. As publisher, he developed his idea for a direct marketing life insurance program, \"giving away\" $1,000 travel life insurance policies with the purchase of a newspaper subscription. Gore left the Terra Haute Post in 1921 after the life insurance-newspaper subscription program became widely successful. Gore founded his own insurance company to function alongside newspaper businesses, the North American Accident Insurance Co., and his insurance-newspaper subscription program was bought by over 1,000 other newspapers. Within a year he was worth millions of dollars, established a publishing house in Terra Haute, and moved the insurance business to Chicago. ","In the spring of 1929, R. H. Gore took a trip to visit a publishing friend in Tampa, and while there received a letter from Tom Stilwell, the owner of the Ft. Lauderdale Daily News concerning his life insurance-newspaper subscription program. Stilwell offered to sell Gore the paper, and Gore bought the Daily News effective April 1, 1929. Shortly after that purchase, Gore split his time between Terra Haute and Fort Lauderdale, and eventually moved to Florida full-time, where he expanded his businesses.","The Fort Lauderdale Daily News was consolidated in 1925 by the Galvin brothers of Ohio from two weekly newspapers, the Fort Lauderdale Herald (founded in 1911) and the Sentinel (founded 1910). They then sold the paper to Stilwell, who sold it to Gore. In 1953, the Gore Publishing Company changed the name of the paper from The Fort Lauderdale Daily News to the Fort Lauderdale News. In March 1960 Gore Publishing purchased the Pompano Beach Sun, a weekly newspaper, and on April 11, 1960 published the first issue of the daily Sun-Sentinel.","During his tenure as managing editor of the Terra Haute Post, Gore became increasingly involved in local and national politics, and wrote novels and newspaper columns. During the 1920 presidential campaign, Gore ran an article in favor of then vice-presidential candidate Franklin Delano Roosevelt predicted Roosevelt would become president. Gore went on to serve as a member of the Democratic National Executive Committee and as finance chairman for FDR's 1932 campaign. In 1933, after securing the presidency, Roosevelt appointed Gore as the Governor of Puerto Rico. Gore arrived at the island in July, and served until he resigned in December 1933, which became effective in 1934. Despite his short gubernatorial tenure, Gore remained politically influential through the 1930s and was a major conservative commentator on the United States' involvement in World War II. As Gore's newspaper network and business interests in South Florida grew, he also became a patriarchal figure in Fort Lauderdale politics.","Gore's business interests in Fort Lauderdale real estate began with the purchase of the unfinished Wilmar Hotel, which Gore developed into the Governor's Club Hotel. The Governor's Club Hotel opened in December 1937 and quickly became a Fort Lauderdale icon. Gore successfully sued Fred Howland Inc. for poor-quality workmanship on the Governor's Club Hotel, a case that became an important precedent in Florida State Law. He also owned the Sea Ranch Hotel in addition to many other hotels across the country. He also began a successful and award-winning orchid nursery in Fort Lauderdale.","Gore's sons served as leaders for many of the businesses that he founded. In 1963, Gore sold the Fort Lauderdale News and the Sun Sentinel to the Tribune Company of Chicago, along with several other Florida newspapers he had acquired and decided to focus on his orchid business and hotel businesses. His son T.T. Gore served as president of the reorganized Gore Newspapers Company, and J.W. Gore serving as vice president.","Gore's wife Lenora died in 1964. Robert H. Gore died December 27, 1972 in the Governor's Club Hotel after a lengthy illness and was survived by his seven sons and two daughters. In 1990, his son Paul A. Gore published the book \"Past the Edge of Poverty: A Biography of Robert Hayes Gore, Senior.\" The same year, Paul Gore donated some of his father's archive to the Broward County Historical Commission.","This collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as aquisitions to the collection.","The Robert H. Gore Papers contains papers documenting Gore's career as Governor of Puerto Rico, newspaper publisher, real estate developer, and other secondary activities. The series of photographs and correspondence show Gore's relationship with American politicians like Franklin D. Roosevelt and others. The newspapers and scrapbooks document his entrepreneurial and political career. They include editorials that Gore wrote during World War II, transcripts of interviews, and various biographical articles. It is a good source to study his points of view and opinions about national interests as well as the development of South Florida.","The separated materials are located in BCHA-FLat File 110."," Broward County Historical Archives","Rogers, Paul G., 1921-2008","English Spanish; Castilian"],"unitid_tesim":["BCHA.1990.7","/repositories/4/resources/11"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1929-1989"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Robert H. Gore Papers, 1929-1989"],"collection_title_tesim":["Robert H. Gore Papers, 1929-1989"],"collection_ssim":["Robert H. Gore Papers, 1929-1989"],"repository_ssm":["Broward County Historical Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Broward County Historical Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Fort Lauderdale (Fla.)","Broward County (Fla.)","Puerto Rico"],"geogname_ssim":["Fort Lauderdale (Fla.)","Broward County (Fla.)","Puerto Rico"],"places_ssim":["Fort Lauderdale (Fla.)","Broward County (Fla.)","Puerto Rico"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Actions and defenses","Correspondence","Publications","Photographs","Group portraits","Portraits","scrapbooks","Newspapers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Actions and defenses","Correspondence","Publications","Photographs","Group portraits","Portraits","scrapbooks","Newspapers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["5 Hollinger Boxes","1 Flat File Drawer","6.25 Linear Feet (4 Hollinger boxes, 1 tall Hollinger box, 1 flat file)"],"extent_tesim":["5 Hollinger Boxes","1 Flat File Drawer","6.25 Linear Feet (4 Hollinger boxes, 1 tall Hollinger box, 1 flat file)"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Publications","Photographs","Group portraits","Portraits","scrapbooks","Newspapers"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Robert H. Gore Papers are open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The Robert H. Gore Papers are open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in the following series: Series I: Personal and Family Papers and Objects, Series II. Professional and Secondary Activities, Series III. Lawsuit files, Series IV. Correspondence, Series V. Photographs, Series VI. Publications.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in the following series: Series I: Personal and Family Papers and Objects, Series II. Professional and Secondary Activities, Series III. Lawsuit files, Series IV. Correspondence, Series V. Photographs, Series VI. Publications."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRobert H. Gore (1886-1972) was a newspaper publisher who played a major role in the development of South Florida and served as the 11th Civilian Governor of Puerto Rico from July 1933 to January 1934.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRobert Hayes Gore, Sr. was born in 1886 in Knottsville, Kentucky. His father died when he was at the age of nine, and his mother worked in a pants factory to support her children. After graduating high school, Gore attended the University of Kentucky. He became associated with the Scripps-Howard newspapers in 1907 as a reporter. Gore earned a position as managing editor of the Evansville, Indiana Press before he became the publisher of the Terra Haute Post (Indiana) in 1916. As publisher, he developed his idea for a direct marketing life insurance program, \"giving away\" $1,000 travel life insurance policies with the purchase of a newspaper subscription. Gore left the Terra Haute Post in 1921 after the life insurance-newspaper subscription program became widely successful. Gore founded his own insurance company to function alongside newspaper businesses, the North American Accident Insurance Co., and his insurance-newspaper subscription program was bought by over 1,000 other newspapers. Within a year he was worth millions of dollars, established a publishing house in Terra Haute, and moved the insurance business to Chicago. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the spring of 1929, R. H. Gore took a trip to visit a publishing friend in Tampa, and while there received a letter from Tom Stilwell, the owner of the Ft. Lauderdale Daily News concerning his life insurance-newspaper subscription program. Stilwell offered to sell Gore the paper, and Gore bought the Daily News effective April 1, 1929. Shortly after that purchase, Gore split his time between Terra Haute and Fort Lauderdale, and eventually moved to Florida full-time, where he expanded his businesses.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Fort Lauderdale Daily News was consolidated in 1925 by the Galvin brothers of Ohio from two weekly newspapers, the Fort Lauderdale Herald (founded in 1911) and the Sentinel (founded 1910). They then sold the paper to Stilwell, who sold it to Gore. In 1953, the Gore Publishing Company changed the name of the paper from The Fort Lauderdale Daily News to the Fort Lauderdale News. In March 1960 Gore Publishing purchased the Pompano Beach Sun, a weekly newspaper, and on April 11, 1960 published the first issue of the daily Sun-Sentinel.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring his tenure as managing editor of the Terra Haute Post, Gore became increasingly involved in local and national politics, and wrote novels and newspaper columns. During the 1920 presidential campaign, Gore ran an article in favor of then vice-presidential candidate Franklin Delano Roosevelt predicted Roosevelt would become president. Gore went on to serve as a member of the Democratic National Executive Committee and as finance chairman for FDR's 1932 campaign. In 1933, after securing the presidency, Roosevelt appointed Gore as the Governor of Puerto Rico. Gore arrived at the island in July, and served until he resigned in December 1933, which became effective in 1934. Despite his short gubernatorial tenure, Gore remained politically influential through the 1930s and was a major conservative commentator on the United States' involvement in World War II. As Gore's newspaper network and business interests in South Florida grew, he also became a patriarchal figure in Fort Lauderdale politics.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGore's business interests in Fort Lauderdale real estate began with the purchase of the unfinished Wilmar Hotel, which Gore developed into the Governor's Club Hotel. The Governor's Club Hotel opened in December 1937 and quickly became a Fort Lauderdale icon. Gore successfully sued Fred Howland Inc. for poor-quality workmanship on the Governor's Club Hotel, a case that became an important precedent in Florida State Law. He also owned the Sea Ranch Hotel in addition to many other hotels across the country. He also began a successful and award-winning orchid nursery in Fort Lauderdale.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGore's sons served as leaders for many of the businesses that he founded. In 1963, Gore sold the Fort Lauderdale News and the Sun Sentinel to the Tribune Company of Chicago, along with several other Florida newspapers he had acquired and decided to focus on his orchid business and hotel businesses. His son T.T. Gore served as president of the reorganized Gore Newspapers Company, and J.W. Gore serving as vice president.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGore's wife Lenora died in 1964. Robert H. Gore died December 27, 1972 in the Governor's Club Hotel after a lengthy illness and was survived by his seven sons and two daughters. In 1990, his son Paul A. Gore published the book \"Past the Edge of Poverty: A Biography of Robert Hayes Gore, Senior.\" The same year, Paul Gore donated some of his father's archive to the Broward County Historical Commission.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Robert H. Gore (1886-1972) was a newspaper publisher who played a major role in the development of South Florida and served as the 11th Civilian Governor of Puerto Rico from July 1933 to January 1934.","Robert Hayes Gore, Sr. was born in 1886 in Knottsville, Kentucky. His father died when he was at the age of nine, and his mother worked in a pants factory to support her children. After graduating high school, Gore attended the University of Kentucky. He became associated with the Scripps-Howard newspapers in 1907 as a reporter. Gore earned a position as managing editor of the Evansville, Indiana Press before he became the publisher of the Terra Haute Post (Indiana) in 1916. As publisher, he developed his idea for a direct marketing life insurance program, \"giving away\" $1,000 travel life insurance policies with the purchase of a newspaper subscription. Gore left the Terra Haute Post in 1921 after the life insurance-newspaper subscription program became widely successful. Gore founded his own insurance company to function alongside newspaper businesses, the North American Accident Insurance Co., and his insurance-newspaper subscription program was bought by over 1,000 other newspapers. Within a year he was worth millions of dollars, established a publishing house in Terra Haute, and moved the insurance business to Chicago. ","In the spring of 1929, R. H. Gore took a trip to visit a publishing friend in Tampa, and while there received a letter from Tom Stilwell, the owner of the Ft. Lauderdale Daily News concerning his life insurance-newspaper subscription program. Stilwell offered to sell Gore the paper, and Gore bought the Daily News effective April 1, 1929. Shortly after that purchase, Gore split his time between Terra Haute and Fort Lauderdale, and eventually moved to Florida full-time, where he expanded his businesses.","The Fort Lauderdale Daily News was consolidated in 1925 by the Galvin brothers of Ohio from two weekly newspapers, the Fort Lauderdale Herald (founded in 1911) and the Sentinel (founded 1910). They then sold the paper to Stilwell, who sold it to Gore. In 1953, the Gore Publishing Company changed the name of the paper from The Fort Lauderdale Daily News to the Fort Lauderdale News. In March 1960 Gore Publishing purchased the Pompano Beach Sun, a weekly newspaper, and on April 11, 1960 published the first issue of the daily Sun-Sentinel.","During his tenure as managing editor of the Terra Haute Post, Gore became increasingly involved in local and national politics, and wrote novels and newspaper columns. During the 1920 presidential campaign, Gore ran an article in favor of then vice-presidential candidate Franklin Delano Roosevelt predicted Roosevelt would become president. Gore went on to serve as a member of the Democratic National Executive Committee and as finance chairman for FDR's 1932 campaign. In 1933, after securing the presidency, Roosevelt appointed Gore as the Governor of Puerto Rico. Gore arrived at the island in July, and served until he resigned in December 1933, which became effective in 1934. Despite his short gubernatorial tenure, Gore remained politically influential through the 1930s and was a major conservative commentator on the United States' involvement in World War II. As Gore's newspaper network and business interests in South Florida grew, he also became a patriarchal figure in Fort Lauderdale politics.","Gore's business interests in Fort Lauderdale real estate began with the purchase of the unfinished Wilmar Hotel, which Gore developed into the Governor's Club Hotel. The Governor's Club Hotel opened in December 1937 and quickly became a Fort Lauderdale icon. Gore successfully sued Fred Howland Inc. for poor-quality workmanship on the Governor's Club Hotel, a case that became an important precedent in Florida State Law. He also owned the Sea Ranch Hotel in addition to many other hotels across the country. He also began a successful and award-winning orchid nursery in Fort Lauderdale.","Gore's sons served as leaders for many of the businesses that he founded. In 1963, Gore sold the Fort Lauderdale News and the Sun Sentinel to the Tribune Company of Chicago, along with several other Florida newspapers he had acquired and decided to focus on his orchid business and hotel businesses. His son T.T. Gore served as president of the reorganized Gore Newspapers Company, and J.W. Gore serving as vice president.","Gore's wife Lenora died in 1964. Robert H. Gore died December 27, 1972 in the Governor's Club Hotel after a lengthy illness and was survived by his seven sons and two daughters. In 1990, his son Paul A. Gore published the book \"Past the Edge of Poverty: A Biography of Robert Hayes Gore, Senior.\" The same year, Paul Gore donated some of his father's archive to the Broward County Historical Commission."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRobert H. Gore papers, Broward County Historical Archives, Broward County Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Robert H. Gore papers, Broward County Historical Archives, Broward County Library."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as aquisitions to the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as aquisitions to the collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Robert H. Gore Papers contains papers documenting Gore's career as Governor of Puerto Rico, newspaper publisher, real estate developer, and other secondary activities. The series of photographs and correspondence show Gore's relationship with American politicians like Franklin D. Roosevelt and others. The newspapers and scrapbooks document his entrepreneurial and political career. They include editorials that Gore wrote during World War II, transcripts of interviews, and various biographical articles. It is a good source to study his points of view and opinions about national interests as well as the development of South Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Robert H. Gore Papers contains papers documenting Gore's career as Governor of Puerto Rico, newspaper publisher, real estate developer, and other secondary activities. The series of photographs and correspondence show Gore's relationship with American politicians like Franklin D. Roosevelt and others. The newspapers and scrapbooks document his entrepreneurial and political career. They include editorials that Gore wrote during World War II, transcripts of interviews, and various biographical articles. It is a good source to study his points of view and opinions about national interests as well as the development of South Florida."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe separated materials are located in BCHA-FLat File 110.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["The separated materials are located in BCHA-FLat File 110."],"names_ssim":[" Broward County Historical Archives","Rogers, Paul G., 1921-2008"],"corpname_ssim":[" Broward County Historical Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["Rogers, Paul G., 1921-2008"],"persname_ssim":["Rogers, Paul G., 1921-2008"],"language_ssim":["English Spanish; Castilian"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":160,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870840669286694912,"_root_":"37e76ab7962c625b188a599b","timestamp":"2026-07-16T03:31:36.385Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/37e76ab7962c625b188a599b_aspace_99b1d1b1c19256a2468c624e8ef01d19"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Office of the President, 1883-1957","value":"Office of the President, 1883-1957","hits":158},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Office+of+the+President%2C+1883-1957\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1933\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Michael A. 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