{"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1929\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026page=73","prev":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1929\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026page=72","next":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1929\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026page=74","last":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1929\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026page=87"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":73,"next_page":74,"prev_page":72,"total_pages":87,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":720,"total_count":863,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"ef24c6bcc6e3eac7b082603c_aspace_b60b63329ac87475bb1f914cae56900e","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Sociedad de Autores Espanoles: \"Don Cloroformo\" de Jose Lopez Durendes, 1929","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/ef24c6bcc6e3eac7b082603c_aspace_b60b63329ac87475bb1f914cae56900e#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_b60b63329ac87475bb1f914cae56900e","ref_ssm":["aspace_b60b63329ac87475bb1f914cae56900e","aspace_b60b63329ac87475bb1f914cae56900e"],"id":"ef24c6bcc6e3eac7b082603c_aspace_b60b63329ac87475bb1f914cae56900e","title_filing_ssi":"Sociedad de Autores Espanoles: \"Don Cloroformo\" de Jose Lopez Durendes","title_ssm":["Sociedad de Autores Espanoles: \"Don Cloroformo\" de Jose Lopez Durendes"],"title_tesim":["Sociedad de Autores Espanoles: \"Don Cloroformo\" de Jose Lopez Durendes"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1929"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1929"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Sociedad de Autores Espanoles: \"Don Cloroformo\" de Jose Lopez Durendes, 1929"],"text":["Sociedad de Autores Espanoles: \"Don Cloroformo\" de Jose Lopez Durendes, 1929","El Círculo Cubano (Cuban Club) records, 1852-1989, Date acquired: 00/00/2000, bulk 1902-1959","Ephemera","Obras de Teatro (Plays) by Publisher: Various L-T","13","/repositories/2/archival_objects/182033","box 26","folder 13"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["ef24c6bcc6e3eac7b082603c","ef24c6bcc6e3eac7b082603c_aspace_83600","ef24c6bcc6e3eac7b082603c_aspace_64db80a705dd4c800184182cf365ee2c"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["El Círculo Cubano (Cuban Club) records, 1852-1989, Date acquired: 00/00/2000, bulk 1902-1959","Ephemera","Obras de Teatro (Plays) by Publisher: Various L-T"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["El Círculo Cubano (Cuban Club) records, 1852-1989, Date acquired: 00/00/2000, bulk 1902-1959","Ephemera","Obras de Teatro (Plays) by Publisher: Various L-T"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Box"],"unitid_ssm":["13","/repositories/2/archival_objects/182033"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["El Círculo Cubano (Cuban Club) records, 1852-1989, Date acquired: 00/00/2000, bulk 1902-1959"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":612,"parent_access_terms_tesm":["None. The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/for more information."],"date_range_isim":[1929],"containers_ssim":["box 26","folder 13"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#8/components#12","_nest_parent_":"ef24c6bcc6e3eac7b082603c_aspace_64db80a705dd4c800184182cf365ee2c","_root_":"ef24c6bcc6e3eac7b082603c","timestamp":"2026-04-23T03:16:49.257Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"ef24c6bcc6e3eac7b082603c","title_filing_ssi":"Circulo Cubano records, El","title_ssm":["El Círculo Cubano (Cuban Club) records"],"title_tesim":["El Círculo Cubano (Cuban Club) records"],"ead_ssi":"ef24c6bcc6e3eac7b082603c","unitdate_ssm":["1852-1989","1902-1959","Date acquired: 00/00/2000"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1902-1959"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1852-1989"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 00/00/2000"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-2000-05","/repositories/2/resources/568"],"text":["MS-2000-05","/repositories/2/resources/568","El Círculo Cubano (Cuban Club) records, 1852-1989, Date acquired: 00/00/2000, bulk 1902-1959","Tampa (Fla.) -- Race relations.","Cuban Americans -- Florida -- Tampa -- History","The collection is arranged into series according to subject. Meeting minutes are arranged in chronological order. Life insurance policies are arranged alphabetically. Plays are arranged alphabetically by Publisher and Titles.","The Cuban Club was founded in 1899 as \"El Club Nacional Cubano October 10,\" and in 1902 the name was changed to \"El Círculo Cubano.\" Like many of the Ybor City mutual aid societies established at the turn-of-the-century, the Cuban Club provided its members with health care, recreational activities, library services, and English classes. At its peak, membership in the club, which primarily was made up of working-class Cuban immigrants, neared 8,000. Today, membership in El Círculo Cubano is based on one's dedication to preserving Florida's Cuban heritage and culture, not Cuban ancestry. Initially, the club's headquarters was located on the corner of 14th Street and 9th Avenue in Ybor City. In 1907, the organization relocated to 14th Street and 10th Avenue (later renamed Palm Avenue). A fire destroyed the building in 1916.The headquarters was rebuilt and opened to the club in 1918. The Círculo Cubano de Tampa clubhouse, located at 2010 Avenida Republica de Cuba, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.","Centro Asturiano de Tampa, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL. ","Centro Espanol de Tampa, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.","Sociedad de la Union Marti-Maceo,USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL. ","This collection includes organizational documents such as committee meeting notes, financial records, professional correspondence, insurance records, and programs and announcements for special events.  Also includes theatrical playscripts which range in date from the mid-19 th  to early 20 th  century.","None. The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information.","USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Circulo Cubano de Tampa","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-2000-05","/repositories/2/resources/568"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1852-1989, Date acquired: 00/00/2000, bulk 1902-1959"],"normalized_title_ssm":["El Círculo Cubano (Cuban Club) records, 1852-1989, Date acquired: 00/00/2000, bulk 1902-1959"],"collection_title_tesim":["El Círculo Cubano (Cuban Club) records, 1852-1989, Date acquired: 00/00/2000, bulk 1902-1959"],"collection_ssim":["El Círculo Cubano (Cuban Club) records, 1852-1989, Date acquired: 00/00/2000, bulk 1902-1959"],"repository_ssm":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Tampa (Fla.) -- Race relations."],"geogname_ssim":["Tampa (Fla.) -- Race relations."],"creator_ssm":["Circulo Cubano de Tampa"],"creator_ssim":["Circulo Cubano de Tampa"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Circulo Cubano de Tampa"],"creators_ssim":["Circulo Cubano de Tampa"],"places_ssim":["Tampa (Fla.) -- Race relations."],"access_terms_ssm":["None. 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Meeting minutes are arranged in chronological order. Life insurance policies are arranged alphabetically. Plays are arranged alphabetically by Publisher and Titles.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into series according to subject. Meeting minutes are arranged in chronological order. Life insurance policies are arranged alphabetically. Plays are arranged alphabetically by Publisher and Titles."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Cuban Club was founded in 1899 as \"El Club Nacional Cubano October 10,\" and in 1902 the name was changed to \"El C\u0026#xED;rculo Cubano.\" Like many of the Ybor City mutual aid societies established at the turn-of-the-century, the Cuban Club provided its members with health care, recreational activities, library services, and English classes. At its peak, membership in the club, which primarily was made up of working-class Cuban immigrants, neared 8,000. Today, membership in El C\u0026#xED;rculo Cubano is based on one's dedication to preserving Florida's Cuban heritage and culture, not Cuban ancestry. Initially, the club's headquarters was located on the corner of 14th Street and 9th Avenue in Ybor City. In 1907, the organization relocated to 14th Street and 10th Avenue (later renamed Palm Avenue). A fire destroyed the building in 1916.The headquarters was rebuilt and opened to the club in 1918. The C\u0026#xED;rculo Cubano de Tampa clubhouse, located at 2010 Avenida Republica de Cuba, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Cuban Club was founded in 1899 as \"El Club Nacional Cubano October 10,\" and in 1902 the name was changed to \"El Círculo Cubano.\" Like many of the Ybor City mutual aid societies established at the turn-of-the-century, the Cuban Club provided its members with health care, recreational activities, library services, and English classes. At its peak, membership in the club, which primarily was made up of working-class Cuban immigrants, neared 8,000. Today, membership in El Círculo Cubano is based on one's dedication to preserving Florida's Cuban heritage and culture, not Cuban ancestry. Initially, the club's headquarters was located on the corner of 14th Street and 9th Avenue in Ybor City. In 1907, the organization relocated to 14th Street and 10th Avenue (later renamed Palm Avenue). A fire destroyed the building in 1916.The headquarters was rebuilt and opened to the club in 1918. The Círculo Cubano de Tampa clubhouse, located at 2010 Avenida Republica de Cuba, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCuban Club records, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Cuban Club records, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCentro Asturiano de Tampa, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCentro Espanol de Tampa, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSociedad de la Union Marti-Maceo,USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL. \u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL. ","Centro Espanol de Tampa, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.","Sociedad de la Union Marti-Maceo,USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL. "],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection includes organizational documents such as committee meeting notes, financial records, professional correspondence, insurance records, and programs and announcements for special events.\u0026#xA0; Also includes theatrical playscripts which range in date from the mid-19\u003cemph render=\"super\"\u003eth\u003c/emph\u003e to early 20\u003cemph render=\"super\"\u003eth\u003c/emph\u003e century.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection includes organizational documents such as committee meeting notes, financial records, professional correspondence, insurance records, and programs and announcements for special events.  Also includes theatrical playscripts which range in date from the mid-19 th  to early 20 th  century."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone. The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright.\u0026#xA0; Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at \u003cextref href=\"http://www.copyright.gov/%C2%A0\"\u003ehttp://www.copyright.gov/\u003c/extref\u003efor more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["None. The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information."],"names_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Circulo Cubano de Tampa"],"corpname_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Circulo Cubano de Tampa"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":674,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"ef24c6bcc6e3eac7b082603c","timestamp":"2026-04-23T03:16:49.257Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/ef24c6bcc6e3eac7b082603c_aspace_b60b63329ac87475bb1f914cae56900e"}},{"id":"8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f_aspace_b39f74c35e9bd3eb14eeaa4b25e08054","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Souvenir Book, 1902-1985","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f_aspace_b39f74c35e9bd3eb14eeaa4b25e08054#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_b39f74c35e9bd3eb14eeaa4b25e08054","ref_ssm":["aspace_b39f74c35e9bd3eb14eeaa4b25e08054","aspace_b39f74c35e9bd3eb14eeaa4b25e08054"],"id":"8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f_aspace_b39f74c35e9bd3eb14eeaa4b25e08054","title_filing_ssi":"Souvenir Book","title_ssm":["Souvenir Book"],"title_tesim":["Souvenir Book"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1902-1985"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1902-1985"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Souvenir Book, 1902-1985"],"text":["Souvenir Book, 1902-1985","Centro Asturiano de Tampa collection, 1902-2007, Date acquired: 00/00/1989, bulk 1902-1987","Ephemera","Publications: Anniversary \"Memorias\"","5","/repositories/2/archival_objects/181455","box 88","folder 5"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f","8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f_aspace_86440","8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f_aspace_86442"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa collection, 1902-2007, Date acquired: 00/00/1989, bulk 1902-1987","Ephemera","Publications: Anniversary \"Memorias\""],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa collection, 1902-2007, Date acquired: 00/00/1989, bulk 1902-1987","Ephemera","Publications: Anniversary \"Memorias\""],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Box"],"unitid_ssm":["5","/repositories/2/archival_objects/181455"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa collection, 1902-2007, Date acquired: 00/00/1989, bulk 1902-1987"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":290,"parent_access_terms_tesm":["None. The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/for more information."],"date_range_isim":[1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985],"containers_ssim":["box 88","folder 5"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#2/components#4","_nest_parent_":"8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f_aspace_86442","_root_":"8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f","_version_":1875301659078295552,"timestamp":"2026-09-03T09:17:07.659Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f","title_ssm":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa collection"],"title_tesim":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa collection"],"ead_ssi":"8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f","unitdate_ssm":["1902-2007","1902-1987","Date acquired: 00/00/1989"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1902-1987"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1902-2007"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 00/00/1989"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-1989-02","/repositories/2/resources/542"],"text":["MS-1989-02","/repositories/2/resources/542","Centro Asturiano de Tampa collection, 1902-2007, Date acquired: 00/00/1989, bulk 1902-1987","Tampa (Fla.) -- History","Cigar industry -- Florida -- Tampa","Cuba -- Relations -- Florida -- Tampa","Clubs -- Florida -- Tampa","Tampa (Fla.) -- Social life and customs","Playbills -- Florida -- Tampa","The Centro Asturiano de Tampa Collection is arranged into series according to subject. These include organizational, financial, ephemera, artifacts, photographs, and media. Records are arranged chronologically within each series. Boxes 159-243 contain financial records.","When Spanish immigrants came to Tampa in the 1890s, they brought with them the idea of the mutual aid society, a voluntary association or club that pooled resources to provide members with a variety of social, cultural, and economic benefits.  The first such club established in Tampa was the Centro Español, founded in 1891. The Centro Asturiano began in 1902 when a group of members seceded from the Centro Español to create a club that included healthcare.  Named for the northwest Spanish region of Asturias from which many of the founding members had come, the new society was chartered as a branch of the Centro Asturiano de Habana, and was known for decades as the \"Tampa Delegation\" of the Cuban organization.","On January 22, 1909, the club dedicated a handsome red brick building, which cost $75,000.  When fire destroyed the building in 1912, club members voted to build an even larger and more impressive facility. This columned, neoclassical building, which the  Tampa Morning Tribune  called \"the most beautiful building in the South,\" opened in 1914 at a cost of $110,000. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974 and retains its stature as one of the most outstanding structures in Tampa's Ybor City historic district. The club's cantina provided a pleasant atmosphere for members to spend their leisure time, a place to talk, play dominos, and smoke a cigar.  The palatial ballroom was the scene of glittering social affairs, balls, tea dances, and other activities. A space was set aside for a library and gymnasium as well to promote the club's mission of education, good health and the general well-being of its members. The Centro's building served as a center of social and cultural life for its community and is still owned by the club to this day.","A central part of club life was the building's elaborate theatre.  In its heyday, the Centro theatre was the venue for plays, operas, musicals, and other performances featuring both local talent and well-known Cuban, Spanish, and Italian entertainers who made Ybor City part of their tours. During the depression years of the 1930s, the Spanish language unit of the WPA Federal Theatre presented performances in the Centro's theatre, which was also used for cigar labor union meetings and other events.","The largest of all the Tampa fraternal clubs, the Centro expanded and flourished in the early decades of the twentieth century, due in large part to its acceptance of members from various ethnicities and its medical facilities. Following World War II however, membership gradually declined as economic and demographic changes eroded the cigar-making immigrant community.  Many of the services offered by the club either became functions of government agencies or were too expensive to maintain, lessening the advantages of membership. With the assimilation of its traditional membership base into the general population, the club was no longer the center of the cohesive ethnic community it once served. Despite adversity, the Centro Asturiano has endured, serving as an icon of heritage to descendants of the Spanish immigrants who played such a significant role in the development of modern Tampa.","Note written by Paul Camp, 2006; Joe Tamargo, 2011.","Centro Asturiano De Tampa Membership Records Photograph Collection . Tampa, Florida: University of South Florida Libraries, 2003.","Centro Asturiano Library Collection,  Special Collections Department, Tampa Library, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.","Centro Español De Tampa Collection , USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL. ","Cuban Club Records , USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL. ","The Centro Asturiano de Tampa Collection consists of club and hospital records, meeting minutes, photographs, ephemera, zarzuelas, playbills, financial records, memorias, and cemetery records. Artifacts include flags, trophies, printing plates, and various other items related to the club.","None. The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/for more information.","USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Centro Asturiano de Tampa","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-1989-02","/repositories/2/resources/542"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1902-2007, Date acquired: 00/00/1989, bulk 1902-1987"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa collection, 1902-2007, Date acquired: 00/00/1989, bulk 1902-1987"],"collection_title_tesim":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa collection, 1902-2007, Date acquired: 00/00/1989, bulk 1902-1987"],"collection_ssim":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa collection, 1902-2007, Date acquired: 00/00/1989, bulk 1902-1987"],"repository_ssm":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Tampa (Fla.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Tampa (Fla.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa"],"creator_ssim":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa"],"creators_ssim":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa"],"places_ssim":["Tampa (Fla.) -- History"],"access_terms_ssm":["None. The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/for more information."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa","Donation"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Cigar industry -- Florida -- Tampa","Cuba -- Relations -- Florida -- Tampa","Clubs -- Florida -- Tampa","Tampa (Fla.) -- Social life and customs","Playbills -- Florida -- Tampa"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Cigar industry -- Florida -- Tampa","Cuba -- Relations -- Florida -- Tampa","Clubs -- Florida -- Tampa","Tampa (Fla.) -- Social life and customs","Playbills -- Florida -- Tampa"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["164.7 Linear Feet","241 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["164.7 Linear Feet","241 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Playbills -- Florida -- Tampa"],"date_range_isim":[1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Centro Asturiano de Tampa Collection is arranged into series according to subject. These include organizational, financial, ephemera, artifacts, photographs, and media. Records are arranged chronologically within each series. Boxes 159-243 contain financial records.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Centro Asturiano de Tampa Collection is arranged into series according to subject. These include organizational, financial, ephemera, artifacts, photographs, and media. Records are arranged chronologically within each series. Boxes 159-243 contain financial records."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWhen Spanish immigrants came to Tampa in the 1890s, they brought with them the idea of the mutual aid society, a voluntary association or club that pooled resources to provide members with a variety of social, cultural, and economic benefits.  The first such club established in Tampa was the Centro Espa\u0026#xF1;ol, founded in 1891. The Centro Asturiano began in 1902 when a group of members seceded from the Centro Espa\u0026#xF1;ol to create a club that included healthcare.  Named for the northwest Spanish region of Asturias from which many of the founding members had come, the new society was chartered as a branch of the Centro Asturiano de Habana, and was known for decades as the \"Tampa Delegation\" of the Cuban organization.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOn January 22, 1909, the club dedicated a handsome red brick building, which cost $75,000.  When fire destroyed the building in 1912, club members voted to build an even larger and more impressive facility. This columned, neoclassical building, which the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eTampa Morning Tribune\u003c/emph\u003e called \"the most beautiful building in the South,\" opened in 1914 at a cost of $110,000. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974 and retains its stature as one of the most outstanding structures in Tampa's Ybor City historic district. The club's cantina provided a pleasant atmosphere for members to spend their leisure time, a place to talk, play dominos, and smoke a cigar.  The palatial ballroom was the scene of glittering social affairs, balls, tea dances, and other activities. A space was set aside for a library and gymnasium as well to promote the club's mission of education, good health and the general well-being of its members. The Centro's building served as a center of social and cultural life for its community and is still owned by the club to this day.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA central part of club life was the building's elaborate theatre.  In its heyday, the Centro theatre was the venue for plays, operas, musicals, and other performances featuring both local talent and well-known Cuban, Spanish, and Italian entertainers who made Ybor City part of their tours. During the depression years of the 1930s, the Spanish language unit of the WPA Federal Theatre presented performances in the Centro's theatre, which was also used for cigar labor union meetings and other events.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe largest of all the Tampa fraternal clubs, the Centro expanded and flourished in the early decades of the twentieth century, due in large part to its acceptance of members from various ethnicities and its medical facilities. Following World War II however, membership gradually declined as economic and demographic changes eroded the cigar-making immigrant community.  Many of the services offered by the club either became functions of government agencies or were too expensive to maintain, lessening the advantages of membership. With the assimilation of its traditional membership base into the general population, the club was no longer the center of the cohesive ethnic community it once served. Despite adversity, the Centro Asturiano has endured, serving as an icon of heritage to descendants of the Spanish immigrants who played such a significant role in the development of modern Tampa.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Paul Camp, 2006; Joe Tamargo, 2011.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["When Spanish immigrants came to Tampa in the 1890s, they brought with them the idea of the mutual aid society, a voluntary association or club that pooled resources to provide members with a variety of social, cultural, and economic benefits.  The first such club established in Tampa was the Centro Español, founded in 1891. The Centro Asturiano began in 1902 when a group of members seceded from the Centro Español to create a club that included healthcare.  Named for the northwest Spanish region of Asturias from which many of the founding members had come, the new society was chartered as a branch of the Centro Asturiano de Habana, and was known for decades as the \"Tampa Delegation\" of the Cuban organization.","On January 22, 1909, the club dedicated a handsome red brick building, which cost $75,000.  When fire destroyed the building in 1912, club members voted to build an even larger and more impressive facility. This columned, neoclassical building, which the  Tampa Morning Tribune  called \"the most beautiful building in the South,\" opened in 1914 at a cost of $110,000. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974 and retains its stature as one of the most outstanding structures in Tampa's Ybor City historic district. The club's cantina provided a pleasant atmosphere for members to spend their leisure time, a place to talk, play dominos, and smoke a cigar.  The palatial ballroom was the scene of glittering social affairs, balls, tea dances, and other activities. A space was set aside for a library and gymnasium as well to promote the club's mission of education, good health and the general well-being of its members. The Centro's building served as a center of social and cultural life for its community and is still owned by the club to this day.","A central part of club life was the building's elaborate theatre.  In its heyday, the Centro theatre was the venue for plays, operas, musicals, and other performances featuring both local talent and well-known Cuban, Spanish, and Italian entertainers who made Ybor City part of their tours. During the depression years of the 1930s, the Spanish language unit of the WPA Federal Theatre presented performances in the Centro's theatre, which was also used for cigar labor union meetings and other events.","The largest of all the Tampa fraternal clubs, the Centro expanded and flourished in the early decades of the twentieth century, due in large part to its acceptance of members from various ethnicities and its medical facilities. Following World War II however, membership gradually declined as economic and demographic changes eroded the cigar-making immigrant community.  Many of the services offered by the club either became functions of government agencies or were too expensive to maintain, lessening the advantages of membership. With the assimilation of its traditional membership base into the general population, the club was no longer the center of the cohesive ethnic community it once served. Despite adversity, the Centro Asturiano has endured, serving as an icon of heritage to descendants of the Spanish immigrants who played such a significant role in the development of modern Tampa.","Note written by Paul Camp, 2006; Joe Tamargo, 2011."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCentro Asturiano de Tampa collection, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa collection, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCentro Asturiano De Tampa Membership Records Photograph Collection\u003c/emph\u003e. Tampa, Florida: University of South Florida Libraries, 2003.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCentro Asturiano Library Collection,\u003c/emph\u003e Special Collections Department, Tampa Library, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCentro Espan\u0026#x303;ol De Tampa Collection\u003c/emph\u003e, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCuban Club Records\u003c/emph\u003e, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL. \u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Centro Asturiano De Tampa Membership Records Photograph Collection . Tampa, Florida: University of South Florida Libraries, 2003.","Centro Asturiano Library Collection,  Special Collections Department, Tampa Library, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.","Centro Español De Tampa Collection , USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL. ","Cuban Club Records , USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL. "],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Centro Asturiano de Tampa Collection consists of club and hospital records, meeting minutes, photographs, ephemera, zarzuelas, playbills, financial records, memorias, and cemetery records. Artifacts include flags, trophies, printing plates, and various other items related to the club.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Centro Asturiano de Tampa Collection consists of club and hospital records, meeting minutes, photographs, ephemera, zarzuelas, playbills, financial records, memorias, and cemetery records. Artifacts include flags, trophies, printing plates, and various other items related to the club."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone. The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright.\u0026#xA0; Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["None. The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/for more information."],"names_coll_ssim":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa"],"names_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Centro Asturiano de Tampa"],"corpname_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Centro Asturiano de Tampa"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1038,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1875301659078295552,"_root_":"8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f","timestamp":"2026-09-03T09:17:07.659Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f_aspace_b39f74c35e9bd3eb14eeaa4b25e08054"}},{"id":"9e802b8377973d098ec4d4ec_aspace_a6994fc2d0c17cd5e7a1aea2006089c0","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Souvenir Manila Currency, 1922-1945","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/9e802b8377973d098ec4d4ec_aspace_a6994fc2d0c17cd5e7a1aea2006089c0#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eThis folder includes four Japanese Government issued ' One een' cents, four Japanese Government issued 'One Peso', one Japanese Government issued, 'Fifty Centavos', and four Japanese Government issued 'One Hundred Pesos' during the Japanese occupation.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/9e802b8377973d098ec4d4ec_aspace_a6994fc2d0c17cd5e7a1aea2006089c0#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_a6994fc2d0c17cd5e7a1aea2006089c0","ref_ssm":["aspace_a6994fc2d0c17cd5e7a1aea2006089c0","aspace_a6994fc2d0c17cd5e7a1aea2006089c0"],"id":"9e802b8377973d098ec4d4ec_aspace_a6994fc2d0c17cd5e7a1aea2006089c0","title_filing_ssi":"Souvenir Manila Currency","title_ssm":["Souvenir Manila Currency"],"title_tesim":["Souvenir Manila Currency"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1922-1945"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1922-1945"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Souvenir Manila Currency, 1922-1945"],"text":["Souvenir Manila Currency, 1922-1945","Helen B. Strzelczyk papers, June 1943-November 1945, Date accessioned: 2020-01-13","011","/repositories/10/archival_objects/184674","02.0065 - Box 1","folder 011","This folder includes four Japanese Government issued ' One een' cents, four Japanese Government issued 'One Peso', one Japanese Government issued, 'Fifty Centavos', and four Japanese Government issued 'One Hundred Pesos' during the Japanese occupation."],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ids_ssim":["9e802b8377973d098ec4d4ec"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Helen B. Strzelczyk papers, June 1943-November 1945, Date accessioned: 2020-01-13"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Helen B. Strzelczyk papers, June 1943-November 1945, Date accessioned: 2020-01-13"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"unitid_ssm":["011","/repositories/10/archival_objects/184674"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Helen B. Strzelczyk papers, June 1943-November 1945, Date accessioned: 2020-01-13"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":11,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open to all researchers."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"date_range_isim":[1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945],"containers_ssim":["02.0065 - Box 1","folder 011"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis folder includes four Japanese Government issued ' One een' cents, four Japanese Government issued 'One Peso', one Japanese Government issued, 'Fifty Centavos', and four Japanese Government issued 'One Hundred Pesos' during the Japanese occupation.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This folder includes four Japanese Government issued ' One een' cents, four Japanese Government issued 'One Peso', one Japanese Government issued, 'Fifty Centavos', and four Japanese Government issued 'One Hundred Pesos' during the Japanese occupation."],"_nest_path_":"/components#10","_nest_parent_":"9e802b8377973d098ec4d4ec","_root_":"9e802b8377973d098ec4d4ec","timestamp":"2026-04-21T06:01:06.265Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"9e802b8377973d098ec4d4ec","title_filing_ssi":"Strzelczyk, Helen B. papers","title_ssm":["Helen B. Strzelczyk papers"],"title_tesim":["Helen B. Strzelczyk papers"],"ead_ssi":"9e802b8377973d098ec4d4ec","unitdate_ssm":["June 1943-November 1945","Date accessioned: 2020-01-13"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["June 1943-November 1945"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date accessioned: 2020-01-13"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["02.0065","/repositories/10/resources/1588"],"text":["02.0065","/repositories/10/resources/1588","Helen B. Strzelczyk papers, June 1943-November 1945, Date accessioned: 2020-01-13","Admiralty Islands (Papua New Guinea)","World War, 1939-1945","Air bases","Air bases, American","WWII -- (1939-1945)","World War, 1939-1945--Women--United States","World War, 1939-1945--Women","World War, 1939-1945--United States","World War, 1939-1945--United States","World War, 1939-1945--Philippines","World War, 1939-1945--Pacific Area","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--New Guinea","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Pacific Area","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Pacific Ocean","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Philippines","World War, 1939-1945 -- United States","Women--United States","This collection is open to all researchers.","Helen B. Strzelczyk served with the United States Women's Army Corps during World War II in the Pacific Theater between June 1943 and November 1945. She was stationed in Oro Bay, New Guinea from September 1944-April 7, 1945. She worked for the Signal Branch Supply Division USASOS General Depot, otherwise referred to as \"The Pentagon,\" in Procurement. She was in chage of the Requisition Typing subsection. She was then transferred to the Philippines. After arriving in Manila on April 25, 1945, she was stationed in Quezon City. Additional items and information on Strzelcyzk can be found at the Pritzer Military Museum and Library: (http://www.pritzkermilitary.org/files/6015/2149/0009/Strzelczyk_Finding_Aid_Feb_2018.pdf).","Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022.","This collection relates to Technician 3 Helen B. Strzelczyk who served with the United States Women's Army Corps during World War II in the Pacific Theater between June 1943 and November 1945. This collection includes a photocopy of a scrapbook, diaries and notebooks during Helen B. Strzelczyk's time in basic training and in serving in the WAAC, as well as several souvenirs during her time of service. Souvenirs include photographs taken in Old Bay, New Guinea and Manila, Philippines; Japanese issued Manila currency, newspapers, pamphlets and postcards. This collection also includes letters to Helen B. Strzelczyk from friends, co-workers, and other military members. Additional identification information and government issued documents are included in this collection.","All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.","FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Strzelczyk, Helen B., 1921-","English"],"unitid_tesim":["02.0065","/repositories/10/resources/1588"],"normalized_date_ssm":["June 1943-November 1945, Date accessioned: 2020-01-13"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Helen B. Strzelczyk papers, June 1943-November 1945, Date accessioned: 2020-01-13"],"collection_title_tesim":["Helen B. Strzelczyk papers, June 1943-November 1945, Date accessioned: 2020-01-13"],"collection_ssim":["Helen B. Strzelczyk papers, June 1943-November 1945, Date accessioned: 2020-01-13"],"repository_ssm":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Admiralty Islands (Papua New Guinea)"],"geogname_ssim":["Admiralty Islands (Papua New Guinea)"],"creator_ssm":["Strzelczyk, Helen B., 1921-"],"creator_ssim":["Strzelczyk, Helen B., 1921-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Strzelczyk, Helen B., 1921-"],"creators_ssim":["Strzelczyk, Helen B., 1921-"],"places_ssim":["Admiralty Islands (Papua New Guinea)"],"access_terms_ssm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was donated by David Gregory to the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience. The collection was acquired in 2002."],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1939-1945","Air bases","Air bases, American","WWII -- (1939-1945)","World War, 1939-1945--Women--United States","World War, 1939-1945--Women","World War, 1939-1945--United States","World War, 1939-1945--United States","World War, 1939-1945--Philippines","World War, 1939-1945--Pacific Area","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--New Guinea","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Pacific Area","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Pacific Ocean","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Philippines","World War, 1939-1945 -- United States","Women--United States"],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1939-1945","Air bases","Air bases, American","WWII -- (1939-1945)","World War, 1939-1945--Women--United States","World War, 1939-1945--Women","World War, 1939-1945--United States","World War, 1939-1945--United States","World War, 1939-1945--Philippines","World War, 1939-1945--Pacific Area","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--New Guinea","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Pacific Area","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Pacific Ocean","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Philippines","World War, 1939-1945 -- United States","Women--United States"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3.75 Linear Feet 2 full boxes, 1 OS box","1 folders One oversize folder contained in oversize photograph box 5."],"extent_tesim":["3.75 Linear Feet 2 full boxes, 1 OS box","1 folders One oversize folder contained in oversize photograph box 5."],"date_range_isim":[1943,1944,1945],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to all researchers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to all researchers."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHelen B. Strzelczyk served with the United States Women's Army Corps during World War II in the Pacific Theater between June 1943 and November 1945. She was stationed in Oro Bay, New Guinea from September 1944-April 7, 1945. She worked for the Signal Branch Supply Division USASOS General Depot, otherwise referred to as \"The Pentagon,\" in Procurement. She was in chage of the Requisition Typing subsection. She was then transferred to the Philippines. After arriving in Manila on April 25, 1945, she was stationed in Quezon City. Additional items and information on Strzelcyzk can be found at the Pritzer Military Museum and Library: (http://www.pritzkermilitary.org/files/6015/2149/0009/Strzelczyk_Finding_Aid_Feb_2018.pdf).\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Helen B. Strzelczyk served with the United States Women's Army Corps during World War II in the Pacific Theater between June 1943 and November 1945. She was stationed in Oro Bay, New Guinea from September 1944-April 7, 1945. She worked for the Signal Branch Supply Division USASOS General Depot, otherwise referred to as \"The Pentagon,\" in Procurement. She was in chage of the Requisition Typing subsection. She was then transferred to the Philippines. After arriving in Manila on April 25, 1945, she was stationed in Quezon City. Additional items and information on Strzelcyzk can be found at the Pritzer Military Museum and Library: (http://www.pritzkermilitary.org/files/6015/2149/0009/Strzelczyk_Finding_Aid_Feb_2018.pdf)."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTransferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives in July 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], Helen B. Strzelczyk papers, Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. https://purl.lib.fsu.edu/fa/02-02-1965\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], Helen B. Strzelczyk papers, Special Collections \u0026 Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. https://purl.lib.fsu.edu/fa/02-02-1965"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection relates to Technician 3 Helen B. Strzelczyk who served with the United States Women's Army Corps during World War II in the Pacific Theater between June 1943 and November 1945. This collection includes a photocopy of a scrapbook, diaries and notebooks during Helen B. Strzelczyk's time in basic training and in serving in the WAAC, as well as several souvenirs during her time of service. Souvenirs include photographs taken in Old Bay, New Guinea and Manila, Philippines; Japanese issued Manila currency, newspapers, pamphlets and postcards. This collection also includes letters to Helen B. Strzelczyk from friends, co-workers, and other military members. Additional identification information and government issued documents are included in this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection relates to Technician 3 Helen B. Strzelczyk who served with the United States Women's Army Corps during World War II in the Pacific Theater between June 1943 and November 1945. This collection includes a photocopy of a scrapbook, diaries and notebooks during Helen B. Strzelczyk's time in basic training and in serving in the WAAC, as well as several souvenirs during her time of service. Souvenirs include photographs taken in Old Bay, New Guinea and Manila, Philippines; Japanese issued Manila currency, newspapers, pamphlets and postcards. This collection also includes letters to Helen B. Strzelczyk from friends, co-workers, and other military members. Additional identification information and government issued documents are included in this collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"names_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Strzelczyk, Helen B., 1921-"],"corpname_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Strzelczyk, Helen B., 1921-"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":31,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"9e802b8377973d098ec4d4ec","timestamp":"2026-04-21T06:01:06.265Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/9e802b8377973d098ec4d4ec_aspace_a6994fc2d0c17cd5e7a1aea2006089c0"}},{"id":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_d7e883f6904784caf42cabd671ea3393","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Spain, 1895, 1985-1990","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_d7e883f6904784caf42cabd671ea3393#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_d7e883f6904784caf42cabd671ea3393","ref_ssm":["aspace_d7e883f6904784caf42cabd671ea3393","aspace_d7e883f6904784caf42cabd671ea3393"],"id":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_d7e883f6904784caf42cabd671ea3393","title_filing_ssi":"Spain","title_ssm":["Spain"],"title_tesim":["Spain"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1895, 1985-1990"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1895, 1985-1990"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Spain, 1895, 1985-1990"],"text":["Spain, 1895, 1985-1990","José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013","Research Files, 1898-2012, Undated","International News, 1912-2009, Undated","Folder 4","/repositories/4/archival_objects/54004","box 9","folder 4"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_e0da8a351e89d497ae16650ae623f50e","725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_9bff358be83a4cbef24ed688963aab7c"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013","Research Files, 1898-2012, Undated","International News, 1912-2009, Undated"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013","Research Files, 1898-2012, Undated","International News, 1912-2009, Undated"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Subseries"],"unitid_ssm":["Folder 4","/repositories/4/archival_objects/54004"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":126,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The entire collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder."],"date_range_isim":[1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990],"containers_ssim":["box 9","folder 4"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#18/components#8","_nest_parent_":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_9bff358be83a4cbef24ed688963aab7c","_root_":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","_version_":1870857755411087360,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:03:10.972Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","title_ssm":["José Guerra Alemán Collection"],"title_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection"],"ead_ssi":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","unitdate_ssm":["1887-2013"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1887-2013"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC.098","/repositories/4/resources/204"],"text":["SC.098","/repositories/4/resources/204","José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013","Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs","Cuba -- History -- Description and Travel","Cuba -- History -- Pictorial works","correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","The entire collection is open for research.","José Guerra Alemán was born to José Guerra and Herminia Alemán-Valdes on November 20, 1922 in Cuba. He referred to alternative names such as José Guerra Alemán, his initials J.G.A. and his nickname Pepín. Many of his closest friends and family called him as Pepín. His family contained of six members that included his three siblings, Maria Vicenta Guerra, Rafael Luis Guerra, and an eldest brother who his name is unknown. His brother, Rafael L. Guerra was born on November 20, 1926 in Habana, Cuba and died on October 2, 1998 in Miami, Florida. His sister, Maria, was born on June 19, 1924 in Habana, Cuba. A year after her brother's death, she died on February 27, 1999 in Miami, Florida. In her later years, she was a homemaker and she never married.","In his early years, he enrolled in the United States military at the age of 20 in 1942. He participated in the 8th Army (Octavo Ejército) of EE.UU. (United States). He covered the campaign of the Pacific as the 35th Division of Infantry (35 División de Infantería) called División Relámpago (Lightning Division). He finished training in the military at Fort Dix, Burlington County, New Jersey in the Delaware River region on October of 1946.","Once he finished his service, he returned to Cuba and founded a company called CINEPERIODICO in 1947. His motivation of starting this company began from his interest in journalism. At the age of 16, he delved into both journalism and short films/news films. He was one of the editors of Él País, La Habana. These experiences guided him to globally make notorious documentaries and cinematography of actual events and issues. He traveled around the globe. For instance, he registered for a temporary immigration card to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1959 as a journalist. As a result for his traveling, he encountered prominent leaders of various movements.","One of those encounters, José Guerra Alemán climbed the Mountains of Sierra Maestra, in the province of East of the Island of Cuba to interview Fidel Castro and Che Guevara. Under the agency of his company, CINEPERIODICO, he personally knew these men and those who were a part of the guerillas during the Cuban Revolution. In 1950, he worked with José García and Eduardo Hernández (Guayo) in the same company. José Guerra Alemán directed films such as Sangre Y Esperanza: La Cuba de Hoy (Blood and Hope: the Cuba of Today and El Gran Recuento (The Great Story). He also took the position as the Senior Vice President of Guastella Film Producers Inc., an advertising firm in Puerto Rico, where he did similar works until he retired in 1990. This included the creation of historical documentary films.","With his interest in Cuba's history and living at a time of historical changes in Cuba, he wrote extensive materials along those themes. He wrote Aún Hay Luna En Los Cerros, Ensayos (Las Mayorías Discriminadas): En Defensa de la Mujer, Barro y Cenizas (Díalogos con Fidel Castro y el Che Guevara), and Juro Pero No Prometo (Biografía de su Abuelo el General José Braulio Alemán). His major work composes four volumes of encyclopedias called Cuba Infinita. Each book contains specific chronological decades and starts from 1855, when the first photographs of the city were available by American artist Fredericks De Forest, to 1958, when the Republic collapsed. The volumes includes more than a thousand selected photos of the history of Cuba, from colonial times to the Spanish American War. The reader walks through time and gets to see the transformation of Cuba. He included photographs received by family, friends, colleagues and what he collected from his travels. He also was inspired and guided from the work called La Enciclopedia de Cuba.","Understanding where his family came from and knowing the other members of his family tree can provide a part of José Guerra Alemán's identity. Jose Guerra Alemán's maternal bloodline had a huge role in the movement toward Cuba's independence against colonialism and imperialism. His grandfather named José Braulio Guerra Alemán fought in the Spanish-American War as a Cuban Brigadier General and was the principal author to the Constitution of Cuba proclaimed at Yara in 1896. He worked as a lawyer, newspaper owner, advocate of the liberation of Cuba, senator and governor for the province of Las Villas, minister of Education and ambassador to Mexico. His half uncle, José Manuel Alemán, served in the Cuban government as Minister of Education during the presidency of Dr. Ramón Grau San Martin, president of the Authentic Party (Partido Auténtico) in La Habana, and Senator of the Republic. His family went through three generations of leaders and fighters for Cuban independence through revolutions or preserving its history and culture.","He rested on February 22, 2013 in Miami, Florida. He survived his wife named Lidia Llano who he married on September 22, 1945 and left a son named Carlos Guerra Llano. He left a mark of what he had done, significant work in Cuba's history. However, he has not been given as much attention as he deserves in any setting, especially in academia. It is the many aspects of unknown history and researching the people from below like Alemán. He was a Cuban, veteran, journalist, nontraditional historian, and founder of a journalist business.","Materials are housed in acid free folders and boxes; photographs and negatives were placed in clear sleeves; publications removed from the collection and cataloged separately.","Books collected by José Guerra Alemán can be found by performing a series search for \"José Guerra Alemán Collection\" in the UCF Libraries catalog.","This collection was arranged in seven series:","\nSeries I. Manuscripts, 1915-2013, Undated, includes notes that Alemán took on varieties of subjects. His interests ranged from the origin of words and meaning of phrases to his summaries and interpretations of authors' works.","\nSeries II: Research Files, 1898-2012, Undated, holds a combination of newspapers, images, and works of others where Alemán used for the publication of Cuba Infinita and his work on Cuban and Latin American history, involving their relations to other countries.","\nSeries III: Publications, 1987-2008, Undated, contains his writings that has drafts of his published work, his articles from newspapers, and promotional materials advertising his works.","\nSeries IV: Personal Files, 1887-2011, Undated, provides letters between Aleman and his family members and between Aleman and business workers. They share insight of Aleman's genealogy and Aleman's work ethic. Series also includes various maps and postcards. ","\nSeries V: Visual Materials, Circa 1900-Circa 2000, Undated, includes photographs and negatives of José G. Alemán and his relatives; overseas trips as a Journalist; and images of Cuba, cubans, and public buildings. Series also includes a CD of \"Fidel Castro: La Historia Lo Absolvera\" and another CD contains a song from Marisela Verena \"Mi Pinar del Rio\".","\nSeries VI: Memorabilia, 1926-1977, Undated, comprises hats from different places that Aleman travelled, identification cards, and a lottery ticket from Republic of Cuba, 1949.","\nSeries VII: Oversize Materials, 1958-2008, Undated, includes large maps of various countries, posters, a proof sheet for Cuba Infinita, and a game card \"La Charada Cubana.\"","Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder.","The collection is filled with Cuban history and researched materials on society's past was created by Cuban and American journalist José Guerra Alemán. The materials range from photographs of his travels to cultural sites and countries to personal notes on literature of other scholars' works and his published books. He is most notable of his published four-volume encyclopedia on Cuban history called Cuba Infinita.","UCF Special Collections","Guerra Alemán, José","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC.098","/repositories/4/resources/204"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1887-2013"],"normalized_title_ssm":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"collection_title_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"collection_ssim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs"],"geogname_ssim":["Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs"],"creator_ssm":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"creator_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"creators_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"places_ssim":["Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated by Carlos Guerra, José Guerra Alemán's son, to the University of Central Florida Libraries in 2014. (CFM2014_07)"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Cuba -- History -- Description and Travel","Cuba -- History -- Pictorial works","correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Cuba -- History -- Description and Travel","Cuba -- History -- Pictorial works","correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["17.5 Linear Feet 20 boxes, 1 Flat File"],"extent_tesim":["17.5 Linear Feet 20 boxes, 1 Flat File"],"genreform_ssim":["correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints"],"date_range_isim":[1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n was born to Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra and Herminia Alem\u0026#xE1;n-Valdes on November 20, 1922 in Cuba. He referred to alternative names such as Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n, his initials J.G.A. and his nickname Pep\u0026#xED;n. Many of his closest friends and family called him as Pep\u0026#xED;n. His family contained of six members that included his three siblings, Maria Vicenta Guerra, Rafael Luis Guerra, and an eldest brother who his name is unknown. His brother, Rafael L. Guerra was born on November 20, 1926 in Habana, Cuba and died on October 2, 1998 in Miami, Florida. His sister, Maria, was born on June 19, 1924 in Habana, Cuba. A year after her brother's death, she died on February 27, 1999 in Miami, Florida. In her later years, she was a homemaker and she never married.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn his early years, he enrolled in the United States military at the age of 20 in 1942. He participated in the 8th Army (Octavo Ej\u0026#xE9;rcito) of EE.UU. (United States). He covered the campaign of the Pacific as the 35th Division of Infantry (35 Divisi\u0026#xF3;n de Infanter\u0026#xED;a) called Divisi\u0026#xF3;n Rel\u0026#xE1;mpago (Lightning Division). He finished training in the military at Fort Dix, Burlington County, New Jersey in the Delaware River region on October of 1946.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOnce he finished his service, he returned to Cuba and founded a company called CINEPERIODICO in 1947. His motivation of starting this company began from his interest in journalism. At the age of 16, he delved into both journalism and short films/news films. He was one of the editors of \u0026#xC9;l Pa\u0026#xED;s, La Habana. These experiences guided him to globally make notorious documentaries and cinematography of actual events and issues. He traveled around the globe. For instance, he registered for a temporary immigration card to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1959 as a journalist. As a result for his traveling, he encountered prominent leaders of various movements.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOne of those encounters, Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n climbed the Mountains of Sierra Maestra, in the province of East of the Island of Cuba to interview Fidel Castro and Che Guevara. Under the agency of his company, CINEPERIODICO, he personally knew these men and those who were a part of the guerillas during the Cuban Revolution. In 1950, he worked with Jos\u0026#xE9; Garc\u0026#xED;a and Eduardo Hern\u0026#xE1;ndez (Guayo) in the same company. Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n directed films such as Sangre Y Esperanza: La Cuba de Hoy (Blood and Hope: the Cuba of Today and El Gran Recuento (The Great Story). He also took the position as the Senior Vice President of Guastella Film Producers Inc., an advertising firm in Puerto Rico, where he did similar works until he retired in 1990. This included the creation of historical documentary films.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWith his interest in Cuba's history and living at a time of historical changes in Cuba, he wrote extensive materials along those themes. He wrote A\u0026#xFA;n Hay Luna En Los Cerros, Ensayos (Las Mayor\u0026#xED;as Discriminadas): En Defensa de la Mujer, Barro y Cenizas (D\u0026#xED;alogos con Fidel Castro y el Che Guevara), and Juro Pero No Prometo (Biograf\u0026#xED;a de su Abuelo el General Jos\u0026#xE9; Braulio Alem\u0026#xE1;n). His major work composes four volumes of encyclopedias called Cuba Infinita. Each book contains specific chronological decades and starts from 1855, when the first photographs of the city were available by American artist Fredericks De Forest, to 1958, when the Republic collapsed. The volumes includes more than a thousand selected photos of the history of Cuba, from colonial times to the Spanish American War. The reader walks through time and gets to see the transformation of Cuba. He included photographs received by family, friends, colleagues and what he collected from his travels. He also was inspired and guided from the work called La Enciclopedia de Cuba.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUnderstanding where his family came from and knowing the other members of his family tree can provide a part of Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n's identity. Jose Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n's maternal bloodline had a huge role in the movement toward Cuba's independence against colonialism and imperialism. His grandfather named Jos\u0026#xE9; Braulio Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n fought in the Spanish-American War as a Cuban Brigadier General and was the principal author to the Constitution of Cuba proclaimed at Yara in 1896. He worked as a lawyer, newspaper owner, advocate of the liberation of Cuba, senator and governor for the province of Las Villas, minister of Education and ambassador to Mexico. His half uncle, Jos\u0026#xE9; Manuel Alem\u0026#xE1;n, served in the Cuban government as Minister of Education during the presidency of Dr. Ram\u0026#xF3;n Grau San Martin, president of the Authentic Party (Partido Aut\u0026#xE9;ntico) in La Habana, and Senator of the Republic. His family went through three generations of leaders and fighters for Cuban independence through revolutions or preserving its history and culture.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe rested on February 22, 2013 in Miami, Florida. He survived his wife named Lidia Llano who he married on September 22, 1945 and left a son named Carlos Guerra Llano. He left a mark of what he had done, significant work in Cuba's history. However, he has not been given as much attention as he deserves in any setting, especially in academia. It is the many aspects of unknown history and researching the people from below like Alem\u0026#xE1;n. He was a Cuban, veteran, journalist, nontraditional historian, and founder of a journalist business.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán was born to José Guerra and Herminia Alemán-Valdes on November 20, 1922 in Cuba. He referred to alternative names such as José Guerra Alemán, his initials J.G.A. and his nickname Pepín. Many of his closest friends and family called him as Pepín. His family contained of six members that included his three siblings, Maria Vicenta Guerra, Rafael Luis Guerra, and an eldest brother who his name is unknown. His brother, Rafael L. Guerra was born on November 20, 1926 in Habana, Cuba and died on October 2, 1998 in Miami, Florida. His sister, Maria, was born on June 19, 1924 in Habana, Cuba. A year after her brother's death, she died on February 27, 1999 in Miami, Florida. In her later years, she was a homemaker and she never married.","In his early years, he enrolled in the United States military at the age of 20 in 1942. He participated in the 8th Army (Octavo Ejército) of EE.UU. (United States). He covered the campaign of the Pacific as the 35th Division of Infantry (35 División de Infantería) called División Relámpago (Lightning Division). He finished training in the military at Fort Dix, Burlington County, New Jersey in the Delaware River region on October of 1946.","Once he finished his service, he returned to Cuba and founded a company called CINEPERIODICO in 1947. His motivation of starting this company began from his interest in journalism. At the age of 16, he delved into both journalism and short films/news films. He was one of the editors of Él País, La Habana. These experiences guided him to globally make notorious documentaries and cinematography of actual events and issues. He traveled around the globe. For instance, he registered for a temporary immigration card to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1959 as a journalist. As a result for his traveling, he encountered prominent leaders of various movements.","One of those encounters, José Guerra Alemán climbed the Mountains of Sierra Maestra, in the province of East of the Island of Cuba to interview Fidel Castro and Che Guevara. Under the agency of his company, CINEPERIODICO, he personally knew these men and those who were a part of the guerillas during the Cuban Revolution. In 1950, he worked with José García and Eduardo Hernández (Guayo) in the same company. José Guerra Alemán directed films such as Sangre Y Esperanza: La Cuba de Hoy (Blood and Hope: the Cuba of Today and El Gran Recuento (The Great Story). He also took the position as the Senior Vice President of Guastella Film Producers Inc., an advertising firm in Puerto Rico, where he did similar works until he retired in 1990. This included the creation of historical documentary films.","With his interest in Cuba's history and living at a time of historical changes in Cuba, he wrote extensive materials along those themes. He wrote Aún Hay Luna En Los Cerros, Ensayos (Las Mayorías Discriminadas): En Defensa de la Mujer, Barro y Cenizas (Díalogos con Fidel Castro y el Che Guevara), and Juro Pero No Prometo (Biografía de su Abuelo el General José Braulio Alemán). His major work composes four volumes of encyclopedias called Cuba Infinita. Each book contains specific chronological decades and starts from 1855, when the first photographs of the city were available by American artist Fredericks De Forest, to 1958, when the Republic collapsed. The volumes includes more than a thousand selected photos of the history of Cuba, from colonial times to the Spanish American War. The reader walks through time and gets to see the transformation of Cuba. He included photographs received by family, friends, colleagues and what he collected from his travels. He also was inspired and guided from the work called La Enciclopedia de Cuba.","Understanding where his family came from and knowing the other members of his family tree can provide a part of José Guerra Alemán's identity. Jose Guerra Alemán's maternal bloodline had a huge role in the movement toward Cuba's independence against colonialism and imperialism. His grandfather named José Braulio Guerra Alemán fought in the Spanish-American War as a Cuban Brigadier General and was the principal author to the Constitution of Cuba proclaimed at Yara in 1896. He worked as a lawyer, newspaper owner, advocate of the liberation of Cuba, senator and governor for the province of Las Villas, minister of Education and ambassador to Mexico. His half uncle, José Manuel Alemán, served in the Cuban government as Minister of Education during the presidency of Dr. Ramón Grau San Martin, president of the Authentic Party (Partido Auténtico) in La Habana, and Senator of the Republic. His family went through three generations of leaders and fighters for Cuban independence through revolutions or preserving its history and culture.","He rested on February 22, 2013 in Miami, Florida. He survived his wife named Lidia Llano who he married on September 22, 1945 and left a son named Carlos Guerra Llano. He left a mark of what he had done, significant work in Cuba's history. However, he has not been given as much attention as he deserves in any setting, especially in academia. It is the many aspects of unknown history and researching the people from below like Alemán. He was a Cuban, veteran, journalist, nontraditional historian, and founder of a journalist business."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n Collection, Special Collections and UniversityArchives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, Special Collections and UniversityArchives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials are housed in acid free folders and boxes; photographs and negatives were placed in clear sleeves; publications removed from the collection and cataloged separately.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Materials are housed in acid free folders and boxes; photographs and negatives were placed in clear sleeves; publications removed from the collection and cataloged separately."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBooks collected by Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n can be found by performing a series search for \"Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n Collection\" in the UCF Libraries catalog.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Books collected by José Guerra Alemán can be found by performing a series search for \"José Guerra Alemán Collection\" in the UCF Libraries catalog."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection was arranged in seven series:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries I. Manuscripts, 1915-2013, Undated, includes notes that Alem\u0026#xE1;n took on varieties of subjects. His interests ranged from the origin of words and meaning of phrases to his summaries and interpretations of authors' works.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries II: Research Files, 1898-2012, Undated, holds a combination of newspapers, images, and works of others where Alem\u0026#xE1;n used for the publication of Cuba Infinita and his work on Cuban and Latin American history, involving their relations to other countries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries III: Publications, 1987-2008, Undated, contains his writings that has drafts of his published work, his articles from newspapers, and promotional materials advertising his works.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries IV: Personal Files, 1887-2011, Undated, provides letters between Aleman and his family members and between Aleman and business workers. They share insight of Aleman's genealogy and Aleman's work ethic. Series also includes various maps and postcards. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries V: Visual Materials, Circa 1900-Circa 2000, Undated, includes photographs and negatives of Jos\u0026#xE9; G. Alem\u0026#xE1;n and his relatives; overseas trips as a Journalist; and images of Cuba, cubans, and public buildings. Series also includes a CD of \"Fidel Castro: La Historia Lo Absolvera\" and another CD contains a song from Marisela Verena \"Mi Pinar del Rio\".\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VI: Memorabilia, 1926-1977, Undated, comprises hats from different places that Aleman travelled, identification cards, and a lottery ticket from Republic of Cuba, 1949.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VII: Oversize Materials, 1958-2008, Undated, includes large maps of various countries, posters, a proof sheet for Cuba Infinita, and a game card \"La Charada Cubana.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection was arranged in seven series:","\nSeries I. Manuscripts, 1915-2013, Undated, includes notes that Alemán took on varieties of subjects. His interests ranged from the origin of words and meaning of phrases to his summaries and interpretations of authors' works.","\nSeries II: Research Files, 1898-2012, Undated, holds a combination of newspapers, images, and works of others where Alemán used for the publication of Cuba Infinita and his work on Cuban and Latin American history, involving their relations to other countries.","\nSeries III: Publications, 1987-2008, Undated, contains his writings that has drafts of his published work, his articles from newspapers, and promotional materials advertising his works.","\nSeries IV: Personal Files, 1887-2011, Undated, provides letters between Aleman and his family members and between Aleman and business workers. They share insight of Aleman's genealogy and Aleman's work ethic. Series also includes various maps and postcards. ","\nSeries V: Visual Materials, Circa 1900-Circa 2000, Undated, includes photographs and negatives of José G. Alemán and his relatives; overseas trips as a Journalist; and images of Cuba, cubans, and public buildings. Series also includes a CD of \"Fidel Castro: La Historia Lo Absolvera\" and another CD contains a song from Marisela Verena \"Mi Pinar del Rio\".","\nSeries VI: Memorabilia, 1926-1977, Undated, comprises hats from different places that Aleman travelled, identification cards, and a lottery ticket from Republic of Cuba, 1949.","\nSeries VII: Oversize Materials, 1958-2008, Undated, includes large maps of various countries, posters, a proof sheet for Cuba Infinita, and a game card \"La Charada Cubana.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e4d41ff341ce7470c0d40282c3f71dd8\"\u003eThe collection is filled with Cuban history and researched materials on society's past was created by Cuban and American journalist Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n. The materials range from photographs of his travels to cultural sites and countries to personal notes on literature of other scholars' works and his published books. He is most notable of his published four-volume encyclopedia on Cuban history called Cuba Infinita.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection is filled with Cuban history and researched materials on society's past was created by Cuban and American journalist José Guerra Alemán. The materials range from photographs of his travels to cultural sites and countries to personal notes on literature of other scholars' works and his published books. He is most notable of his published four-volume encyclopedia on Cuban history called Cuba Infinita."],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Guerra Alemán, José"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":282,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870857755411087360,"_root_":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:03:10.972Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/725898a1a41349eb30ec365d_aspace_d7e883f6904784caf42cabd671ea3393"}},{"id":"ff356dbaacdcfdefc960630f_aspace_803e2875f45b743d28c91004b694bc09","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Speeches, 1925-1957","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/ff356dbaacdcfdefc960630f_aspace_803e2875f45b743d28c91004b694bc09#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_803e2875f45b743d28c91004b694bc09","ref_ssm":["aspace_803e2875f45b743d28c91004b694bc09","aspace_803e2875f45b743d28c91004b694bc09"],"id":"ff356dbaacdcfdefc960630f_aspace_803e2875f45b743d28c91004b694bc09","title_filing_ssi":"Speeches","title_ssm":["Speeches"],"title_tesim":["Speeches"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1925-1957"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1925-1957"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Speeches, 1925-1957"],"text":["Speeches, 1925-1957","Ludd M. 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Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the archive's ability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["This collection is owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).","Please inquire if you have questions - archives@flsouthern.edu"],"date_range_isim":[1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957],"containers_ssim":["box 2","folder 14"],"_nest_path_":"/components#31","_nest_parent_":"ff356dbaacdcfdefc960630f","_root_":"ff356dbaacdcfdefc960630f","_version_":1870851043419488256,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T06:16:29.928Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"ff356dbaacdcfdefc960630f","title_ssm":["Ludd M. Spivey Personal Papers"],"title_tesim":["Ludd M. 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He was born in Eclectic, Alabama, and educated at the University of Chicago. He was a friend and deciple of noted American educator John Dewey. Prior to becoming president of FSC, he was the academic dean of Birmingham Southern. ","When Dr. Spivey became president at what was then known as Southern College, the campus had one brick building and several small, temporary structures. Enrollment was only a few hundred students. Almost immediately, he faced financial challenges, as first the Florida Land Boom bubble burst which was followed by the collapse of the global economy. However, Spivey's fundraising abilities were unmatched, and the college was able to survive and grow despite these serious financial headwinds. In the late 1930s, Dr. Spivey was looking for a way to \"put Florida Southern College on the map.\" He decided that he needed to build something unique to set it apart from other colleges of similar size and mission. Out of the blue, he contacted renowned architect Frank Lloyd Wright, and together the two spent the next twenty years designing and building the \"College of Tomorrow.\" ","In 1931, Ludd Spivey established an art school in Sarasota as a remote branch of Florida Southern College and he served as its chief director. This college eventually became known as the Ringling College of Art and Design. ","Dr. Spivey's legacy goes beyond his impact on the physical plant of Florida Southern College. He was also an innovative and progressive educator who believed in the development of the whole person--mind, body, and soul. He was a leader in the progress towards racial equality, forming a close relationship with Mary Mcleod Bethune and Bethune-Cookman College. He developed a strong science program at FSC, with a focus on the citrus industry as well as cancer research. ","When he retired in 1957, the college was a very different place than when he started. Enrollment approached 2000 students, and many new programs had been added. He remained connected to the college, and was awarded the distinction of President Emeritus. He passed away in Palm Beach in 1962 after a brief illness. ","These materials were originally housed within the Office of the President Records. Intially, the files of Doctors Spivey, Thrift, and Davis were housed separately, however, there was enough overlap that it was determined to create an Office of the President record group to keep the official materials in one collection, while separating out the more personal stuff in the process. Of course, a college president's life is often blurred between their offical and private selves. For a complete picture of Dr. Spivey, please also refer to the Office of the President Record Group (CA100) in the College Archives Repository.","These materials reflect Dr. Ludd M. Spivey's personal life during and shortly after his tenure as president. The collection includes correspondence, photos, sermons, writings, travellogs, and other ephemera.","This collection is owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).","Please inquire if you have questions - archives@flsouthern.edu","The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS4085","/repositories/2/resources/132"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1925-1957"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ludd M. Spivey Personal Papers, 1925-1957"],"collection_title_tesim":["Ludd M. Spivey Personal Papers, 1925-1957"],"collection_ssim":["Ludd M. Spivey Personal Papers, 1925-1957"],"repository_ssm":["The Sarah D. and L. 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Out of the blue, he contacted renowned architect Frank Lloyd Wright, and together the two spent the next twenty years designing and building the \"College of Tomorrow.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1931, Ludd Spivey established an art school in Sarasota as a remote branch of Florida Southern College and he served as its chief director. This college eventually became known as the Ringling College of Art and Design. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDr. Spivey's legacy goes beyond his impact on the physical plant of Florida Southern College. He was also an innovative and progressive educator who believed in the development of the whole person--mind, body, and soul. He was a leader in the progress towards racial equality, forming a close relationship with Mary Mcleod Bethune and Bethune-Cookman College. 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","When Dr. Spivey became president at what was then known as Southern College, the campus had one brick building and several small, temporary structures. Enrollment was only a few hundred students. Almost immediately, he faced financial challenges, as first the Florida Land Boom bubble burst which was followed by the collapse of the global economy. However, Spivey's fundraising abilities were unmatched, and the college was able to survive and grow despite these serious financial headwinds. In the late 1930s, Dr. Spivey was looking for a way to \"put Florida Southern College on the map.\" He decided that he needed to build something unique to set it apart from other colleges of similar size and mission. Out of the blue, he contacted renowned architect Frank Lloyd Wright, and together the two spent the next twenty years designing and building the \"College of Tomorrow.\" ","In 1931, Ludd Spivey established an art school in Sarasota as a remote branch of Florida Southern College and he served as its chief director. This college eventually became known as the Ringling College of Art and Design. ","Dr. Spivey's legacy goes beyond his impact on the physical plant of Florida Southern College. He was also an innovative and progressive educator who believed in the development of the whole person--mind, body, and soul. He was a leader in the progress towards racial equality, forming a close relationship with Mary Mcleod Bethune and Bethune-Cookman College. He developed a strong science program at FSC, with a focus on the citrus industry as well as cancer research. ","When he retired in 1957, the college was a very different place than when he started. Enrollment approached 2000 students, and many new programs had been added. He remained connected to the college, and was awarded the distinction of President Emeritus. He passed away in Palm Beach in 1962 after a brief illness. "],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThese materials were originally housed within the Office of the President Records. Intially, the files of Doctors Spivey, Thrift, and Davis were housed separately, however, there was enough overlap that it was determined to create an Office of the President record group to keep the official materials in one collection, while separating out the more personal stuff in the process. Of course, a college president's life is often blurred between their offical and private selves. 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Out of the blue, he contacted renowned architect Frank Lloyd Wright, and together the two spent the next twenty years designing and building the \"College of Tomorrow.\" ","In 1931, Ludd Spivey established an art school in Sarasota as a remote branch of Florida Southern College and he served as its chief director. This college eventually became known as the Ringling College of Art and Design. ","Dr. Spivey's legacy goes beyond his impact on the physical plant of Florida Southern College. He was also an innovative and progressive educator who believed in the development of the whole person--mind, body, and soul. He was a leader in the progress towards racial equality, forming a close relationship with Mary Mcleod Bethune and Bethune-Cookman College. He developed a strong science program at FSC, with a focus on the citrus industry as well as cancer research. ","When he retired in 1957, the college was a very different place than when he started. 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Out of the blue, he contacted renowned architect Frank Lloyd Wright, and together the two spent the next twenty years designing and building the \"College of Tomorrow.\" ","In 1931, Ludd Spivey established an art school in Sarasota as a remote branch of Florida Southern College and he served as its chief director. This college eventually became known as the Ringling College of Art and Design. ","Dr. Spivey's legacy goes beyond his impact on the physical plant of Florida Southern College. He was also an innovative and progressive educator who believed in the development of the whole person--mind, body, and soul. He was a leader in the progress towards racial equality, forming a close relationship with Mary Mcleod Bethune and Bethune-Cookman College. He developed a strong science program at FSC, with a focus on the citrus industry as well as cancer research. ","When he retired in 1957, the college was a very different place than when he started. 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He was born in Eclectic, Alabama, and educated at the University of Chicago. He was a friend and deciple of noted American educator John Dewey. Prior to becoming president of FSC, he was the academic dean of Birmingham Southern. ","When Dr. Spivey became president at what was then known as Southern College, the campus had one brick building and several small, temporary structures. Enrollment was only a few hundred students. Almost immediately, he faced financial challenges, as first the Florida Land Boom bubble burst which was followed by the collapse of the global economy. However, Spivey's fundraising abilities were unmatched, and the college was able to survive and grow despite these serious financial headwinds. In the late 1930s, Dr. Spivey was looking for a way to \"put Florida Southern College on the map.\" He decided that he needed to build something unique to set it apart from other colleges of similar size and mission. Out of the blue, he contacted renowned architect Frank Lloyd Wright, and together the two spent the next twenty years designing and building the \"College of Tomorrow.\" ","In 1931, Ludd Spivey established an art school in Sarasota as a remote branch of Florida Southern College and he served as its chief director. This college eventually became known as the Ringling College of Art and Design. ","Dr. Spivey's legacy goes beyond his impact on the physical plant of Florida Southern College. He was also an innovative and progressive educator who believed in the development of the whole person--mind, body, and soul. He was a leader in the progress towards racial equality, forming a close relationship with Mary Mcleod Bethune and Bethune-Cookman College. He developed a strong science program at FSC, with a focus on the citrus industry as well as cancer research. ","When he retired in 1957, the college was a very different place than when he started. 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","When Dr. Spivey became president at what was then known as Southern College, the campus had one brick building and several small, temporary structures. Enrollment was only a few hundred students. Almost immediately, he faced financial challenges, as first the Florida Land Boom bubble burst which was followed by the collapse of the global economy. However, Spivey's fundraising abilities were unmatched, and the college was able to survive and grow despite these serious financial headwinds. In the late 1930s, Dr. Spivey was looking for a way to \"put Florida Southern College on the map.\" He decided that he needed to build something unique to set it apart from other colleges of similar size and mission. Out of the blue, he contacted renowned architect Frank Lloyd Wright, and together the two spent the next twenty years designing and building the \"College of Tomorrow.\" ","In 1931, Ludd Spivey established an art school in Sarasota as a remote branch of Florida Southern College and he served as its chief director. This college eventually became known as the Ringling College of Art and Design. ","Dr. Spivey's legacy goes beyond his impact on the physical plant of Florida Southern College. He was also an innovative and progressive educator who believed in the development of the whole person--mind, body, and soul. He was a leader in the progress towards racial equality, forming a close relationship with Mary Mcleod Bethune and Bethune-Cookman College. He developed a strong science program at FSC, with a focus on the citrus industry as well as cancer research. ","When he retired in 1957, the college was a very different place than when he started. Enrollment approached 2000 students, and many new programs had been added. He remained connected to the college, and was awarded the distinction of President Emeritus. He passed away in Palm Beach in 1962 after a brief illness. "],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThese materials were originally housed within the Office of the President Records. Intially, the files of Doctors Spivey, Thrift, and Davis were housed separately, however, there was enough overlap that it was determined to create an Office of the President record group to keep the official materials in one collection, while separating out the more personal stuff in the process. Of course, a college president's life is often blurred between their offical and private selves. 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Researchers must contact Special Collections \u0026 University Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The Cienfuegos Collection is owned by Florida International University.  This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"date_range_isim":[1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979],"language_ssim":["Spanish; Castilian English"],"containers_ssim":["box 1","folder 5"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#4","_nest_parent_":"df5f33ab57ee6e767c26a104_aspace_9b35122996c28a3e508873907c342910","_root_":"df5f33ab57ee6e767c26a104","_version_":1870844445591601152,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T04:31:37.751Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"df5f33ab57ee6e767c26a104","title_ssm":["Cienfuegos Collection"],"title_tesim":["Cienfuegos Collection"],"ead_ssi":"df5f33ab57ee6e767c26a104","unitdate_ssm":["1819-1991"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1819-1991"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SPC9010","/repositories/2/resources/115"],"text":["SPC9010","/repositories/2/resources/115","Cienfuegos Collection, 1819-1991","Cuba","postcards","Newspaper","Maps","Magazine","Photographs","This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact Special Collections \u0026 University Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials.","Cienfuegos, Cuba was founded in 1819 by French colonists, then deemed Fernandina de Jagua for King Ferdinand VII of Spain and Chief Jagua by early Spanish conquistadors. Cienfuegos, being a port city, became a center of the growing trade of crops such as coffee, sugarcane, and tobacco, as well as serving as a hub for Cuba's shrimp industry. The city's commercial success coincided with Cuba's sugar boom, making Cienfuegos one of the country's most economically important cities. The city later became a key industrial center in the mid-20th century, following the city's revolt against Fulgencio Batista y Zaldivar, former elected president of Cuba and military dictator who was overthrown during the Cuban Revolution. The aftermath of the Revolution ushered forth a new age of development in Cienfuegos. It now houses a UNESCO World Heritage Site in its city center, designated so in 2005 for its model of mordern Spanish American urbanism, and the integrity with which the original historical structures have been preserved and further maintained in newer developments.","The materials in this collection gather resources to aid in the research of the commercial, eclesiastical, economic, and geographical history of Cienfuegos, Cuba, as well as featuring texts on important figures and locations. It includes full texts and editions of regional newspapers, as well as the more intimate look at sketches, blueprints, seals, and correspondence, postcards, and business cards.","The Cienfuegos Collection is owned by Florida International University.  This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general","FIU Special Collections","English Spanish; Castilian"],"unitid_tesim":["SPC9010","/repositories/2/resources/115"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1819-1991"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Cienfuegos Collection, 1819-1991"],"collection_title_tesim":["Cienfuegos Collection, 1819-1991"],"collection_ssim":["Cienfuegos Collection, 1819-1991"],"repository_ssm":["FIU Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Cuba"],"geogname_ssim":["Cuba"],"places_ssim":["Cuba"],"access_terms_ssm":["The Cienfuegos Collection is owned by Florida International University.  This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Materials were acquired through a private donor."],"access_subjects_ssim":["postcards","Newspaper","Maps","Magazine","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["postcards","Newspaper","Maps","Magazine","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3 boxes 3 archival storage cartons"],"extent_tesim":["3 boxes 3 archival storage cartons"],"dimensions_tesim":["3.25 linear feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Newspaper","Maps","Magazine","Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research. Researchers must contact Special Collections \u0026amp; University Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact Special Collections \u0026 University Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCienfuegos, Cuba was founded in 1819 by French colonists, then deemed Fernandina de Jagua for King Ferdinand VII of Spain and Chief Jagua by early Spanish conquistadors. Cienfuegos, being a port city, became a center of the growing trade of crops such as coffee, sugarcane, and tobacco, as well as serving as a hub for Cuba's shrimp industry. The city's commercial success coincided with Cuba's sugar boom, making Cienfuegos one of the country's most economically important cities. The city later became a key industrial center in the mid-20th century, following the city's revolt against Fulgencio Batista y Zaldivar, former elected president of Cuba and military dictator who was overthrown during the Cuban Revolution. The aftermath of the Revolution ushered forth a new age of development in Cienfuegos. It now houses a UNESCO World Heritage Site in its city center, designated so in 2005 for its model of mordern Spanish American urbanism, and the integrity with which the original historical structures have been preserved and further maintained in newer developments.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Cienfuegos, Cuba was founded in 1819 by French colonists, then deemed Fernandina de Jagua for King Ferdinand VII of Spain and Chief Jagua by early Spanish conquistadors. Cienfuegos, being a port city, became a center of the growing trade of crops such as coffee, sugarcane, and tobacco, as well as serving as a hub for Cuba's shrimp industry. The city's commercial success coincided with Cuba's sugar boom, making Cienfuegos one of the country's most economically important cities. The city later became a key industrial center in the mid-20th century, following the city's revolt against Fulgencio Batista y Zaldivar, former elected president of Cuba and military dictator who was overthrown during the Cuban Revolution. The aftermath of the Revolution ushered forth a new age of development in Cienfuegos. It now houses a UNESCO World Heritage Site in its city center, designated so in 2005 for its model of mordern Spanish American urbanism, and the integrity with which the original historical structures have been preserved and further maintained in newer developments."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this collection gather resources to aid in the research of the commercial, eclesiastical, economic, and geographical history of Cienfuegos, Cuba, as well as featuring texts on important figures and locations. It includes full texts and editions of regional newspapers, as well as the more intimate look at sketches, blueprints, seals, and correspondence, postcards, and business cards.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The materials in this collection gather resources to aid in the research of the commercial, eclesiastical, economic, and geographical history of Cienfuegos, Cuba, as well as featuring texts on important figures and locations. It includes full texts and editions of regional newspapers, as well as the more intimate look at sketches, blueprints, seals, and correspondence, postcards, and business cards."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Cienfuegos Collection is owned by Florida International University.  This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Cienfuegos Collection is owned by Florida International University.  This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"names_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"corpname_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"language_ssim":["English Spanish; Castilian"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":36,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870844445591601152,"_root_":"df5f33ab57ee6e767c26a104","timestamp":"2026-07-16T04:31:37.751Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/df5f33ab57ee6e767c26a104_aspace_eeb2a78cfec2ca25821fa84f3fe19555"}},{"id":"ea10a278e35b143f130f4d56_aspace_eb2f24db2483c32bfd8e9fb858cf36ec","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"State and Federal Census, Poll Tax, Insurance and Real Estate Documents, 1867-1998","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/ea10a278e35b143f130f4d56_aspace_eb2f24db2483c32bfd8e9fb858cf36ec#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_eb2f24db2483c32bfd8e9fb858cf36ec","ref_ssm":["aspace_eb2f24db2483c32bfd8e9fb858cf36ec","aspace_eb2f24db2483c32bfd8e9fb858cf36ec"],"id":"ea10a278e35b143f130f4d56_aspace_eb2f24db2483c32bfd8e9fb858cf36ec","title_filing_ssi":"State and Federal Census, Poll Tax, Insurance and Real Estate Documents","title_ssm":["State and Federal Census, Poll Tax, Insurance and Real Estate Documents"],"title_tesim":["State and Federal Census, Poll Tax, Insurance and Real Estate Documents"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1867-1998"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1867-1998"],"normalized_title_ssm":["State and Federal Census, Poll Tax, Insurance and Real Estate Documents, 1867-1998"],"text":["State and Federal Census, Poll Tax, Insurance and Real Estate Documents, 1867-1998","Carol Mundy: African American Legacy Research Files, 1790-2012","Research Files, 1790-2012, Undated.","Apopka, 1790-2010, Undated","/repositories/4/archival_objects/55927","Box 2","Folder 5"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["ea10a278e35b143f130f4d56","ea10a278e35b143f130f4d56_aspace_seriesI","ea10a278e35b143f130f4d56_aspace_0b8753bfd1b34156502df803b13f97b0"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Carol Mundy: African American Legacy Research Files, 1790-2012","Research Files, 1790-2012, Undated.","Apopka, 1790-2010, Undated"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Carol Mundy: African American Legacy Research Files, 1790-2012","Research Files, 1790-2012, Undated.","Apopka, 1790-2010, Undated"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Subseries"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/4/archival_objects/55927"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Carol Mundy: African American Legacy Research Files, 1790-2012"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":17,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The entire collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. 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Ms. Carol Mundy, a former flight attendant was able to travel the world throughout her career. As a result she was able to compile these documents in this collection and its sister collection also house at the UCF Special Collection and University Archives and known as the African American Legacy: the Carol Mundy Collection which hold about one thousand five hundred pieces of history that Ms. Mundy collected previously. The original collection was obtained by the University of Central Florida Special Collections \u0026 University Archives in 2009.","The research files were given to the University of Central Florida History Department through their program known as Regional Initiative for Collecting the History, Experiences and Stories (RICHES). They were housed in the History Department for a number of years and were donated to the University of Central Florida Special Collections \u0026 University Archives. Ms. Mundy saw the University of Central Florida John C. Hitt Library as the perfect institution to house her collection. She also wanted to bring more attention and educate the public and students about the African American Legacy. In 2009, the University of Central Florida, honored Ms. Mundy through the Burnett Honors College. Within the pages of pamphlet handed out at the event that day. In the pamphlet it discusses the importance of preserving and educating youth.","When the University of Central Florida Special Collection \u0026 University Archives received this collection, most of the documents were in three ring binders. Upon receiving the collection the binders were in no particular order and have been organized by city. Some of the documents were put clear sleeves to keep them safe for the time being within the binders. Upon processing this collection, staples, binder clips, and paperclips were removed. The contents that were once in the binders are now housed in acid free folders and boxes.The photographs and the transparency are also housed in clear archival sleeves.","African American Legacy: The Carol Mundy Collection, 1794-2010","The collection is divided into 3 series.","Series I: Research Files, 1790-2012, Undated, consists of documents from three major areas Apopka, Eatonville, and Ocoee. The documents include articles, historic preservation manuals, land plans, census data, draft registration, and plot summaries.","Series II: Manuscripts, 2006-2009, Undated, consists of manuscripts written by Perrine Slim. The name Perrine Slim was a pseudonym for William Gladden Jr. In this series, there is also an article related to one of the manuscripts.","Series III: Photographs, 1920-Circa. 1950's, Undated, includes several photographs primarily of members of the Boykin family and the Gladden family.","Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. 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The documents in this collection as a result were printed or created recently.","UCF Special Collections","Mundy, Carol","The materials are written in English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC.121","/repositories/4/resources/220"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1790-2012"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Carol Mundy: African American Legacy Research Files, 1790-2012"],"collection_title_tesim":["Carol Mundy: African American Legacy Research Files, 1790-2012"],"collection_ssim":["Carol Mundy: African American Legacy Research Files, 1790-2012"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Apopka (Fla.)--History","Ocoee (Fla.)--History","Eatonville (Fla.)--History"],"geogname_ssim":["Apopka (Fla.)--History","Ocoee (Fla.)--History","Eatonville (Fla.)--History"],"places_ssim":["Apopka (Fla.)--History","Ocoee (Fla.)--History","Eatonville (Fla.)--History"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. 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Ms. Carol Mundy, a former flight attendant was able to travel the world throughout her career. As a result she was able to compile these documents in this collection and its sister collection also house at the UCF Special Collection and University Archives and known as the African American Legacy: the Carol Mundy Collection which hold about one thousand five hundred pieces of history that Ms. Mundy collected previously. The original collection was obtained by the University of Central Florida Special Collections \u0026amp; University Archives in 2009.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe research files were given to the University of Central Florida History Department through their program known as Regional Initiative for Collecting the History, Experiences and Stories (RICHES). They were housed in the History Department for a number of years and were donated to the University of Central Florida Special Collections \u0026amp; University Archives. Ms. Mundy saw the University of Central Florida John C. Hitt Library as the perfect institution to house her collection. She also wanted to bring more attention and educate the public and students about the African American Legacy. In 2009, the University of Central Florida, honored Ms. Mundy through the Burnett Honors College. Within the pages of pamphlet handed out at the event that day. In the pamphlet it discusses the importance of preserving and educating youth.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Ms. Carol Mundy's mother was an antique dealer and this love that Ms. Mundy had for antiques from a young age helped foster an interest and love of history. Ms. Carol Mundy, a former flight attendant was able to travel the world throughout her career. As a result she was able to compile these documents in this collection and its sister collection also house at the UCF Special Collection and University Archives and known as the African American Legacy: the Carol Mundy Collection which hold about one thousand five hundred pieces of history that Ms. Mundy collected previously. The original collection was obtained by the University of Central Florida Special Collections \u0026 University Archives in 2009.","The research files were given to the University of Central Florida History Department through their program known as Regional Initiative for Collecting the History, Experiences and Stories (RICHES). They were housed in the History Department for a number of years and were donated to the University of Central Florida Special Collections \u0026 University Archives. Ms. Mundy saw the University of Central Florida John C. Hitt Library as the perfect institution to house her collection. She also wanted to bring more attention and educate the public and students about the African American Legacy. In 2009, the University of Central Florida, honored Ms. Mundy through the Burnett Honors College. Within the pages of pamphlet handed out at the event that day. In the pamphlet it discusses the importance of preserving and educating youth."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCarol Mundy: African American Legacy Research Files, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Carol Mundy: African American Legacy Research Files, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWhen the University of Central Florida Special Collection \u0026amp; University Archives received this collection, most of the documents were in three ring binders. 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The contents that were once in the binders are now housed in acid free folders and boxes.The photographs and the transparency are also housed in clear archival sleeves."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2009-02\"\u003eAfrican American Legacy: The Carol Mundy Collection, 1794-2010\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["African American Legacy: The Carol Mundy Collection, 1794-2010"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into 3 series.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Research Files, 1790-2012, Undated, consists of documents from three major areas Apopka, Eatonville, and Ocoee. The documents include articles, historic preservation manuals, land plans, census data, draft registration, and plot summaries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries II: Manuscripts, 2006-2009, Undated, consists of manuscripts written by Perrine Slim. The name Perrine Slim was a pseudonym for William Gladden Jr. In this series, there is also an article related to one of the manuscripts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries III: Photographs, 1920-Circa. 1950's, Undated, includes several photographs primarily of members of the Boykin family and the Gladden family.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Collection Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection is divided into 3 series.","Series I: Research Files, 1790-2012, Undated, consists of documents from three major areas Apopka, Eatonville, and Ocoee. The documents include articles, historic preservation manuals, land plans, census data, draft registration, and plot summaries.","Series II: Manuscripts, 2006-2009, Undated, consists of manuscripts written by Perrine Slim. The name Perrine Slim was a pseudonym for William Gladden Jr. In this series, there is also an article related to one of the manuscripts.","Series III: Photographs, 1920-Circa. 1950's, Undated, includes several photographs primarily of members of the Boykin family and the Gladden family."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Copyright Statement"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_a3e726e4ada6767d05cdb00c3da6057b\"\u003eThis research collection primarily looks at African American Legacy in small town Florida, including Eatonville, Apopka, and Ocoee. Through photographs, manuscripts, census data, historic home registers, and so much more; you can dive deep into researching these historic African American cities. Delve into the historic homes and their inhabitance of these historic cities through this collection. The documents in this collection are primarily photocopies, or photographs of original documents. The documents in this collection as a result were printed or created recently.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This research collection primarily looks at African American Legacy in small town Florida, including Eatonville, Apopka, and Ocoee. Through photographs, manuscripts, census data, historic home registers, and so much more; you can dive deep into researching these historic African American cities. Delve into the historic homes and their inhabitance of these historic cities through this collection. The documents in this collection are primarily photocopies, or photographs of original documents. 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