{"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1927\u0026page=110","prev":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1927\u0026page=109","next":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1927\u0026page=111","last":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1927\u0026page=208"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":110,"next_page":111,"prev_page":109,"total_pages":208,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":1090,"total_count":2076,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"cab673030cadc58ef482c39e","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Joseph Fleischmann World War I Medal Collection, 1916-1942, bulk 1919","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/cab673030cadc58ef482c39e#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["A collection of three bronze medals and a ribbon that honor the military service of New York-native Joseph Fleischmann during World War I. The collection consists of the Army Occupation of Germany - World War I Ribbon, the New York World War Service Medal, the World War I Victory Medal, and the Battle of Verdun Medal. Each represent the state, national, and international scope of the conflict."],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/cab673030cadc58ef482c39e#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"cab673030cadc58ef482c39e","title_ssm":["Joseph Fleischmann World War I Medal Collection"],"title_tesim":["Joseph Fleischmann World War I Medal Collection"],"ead_ssi":"cab673030cadc58ef482c39e","unitdate_ssm":["1916-1942","1919"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1919"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1916-1942"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC089","/repositories/4/resources/24"],"text":["SC089","/repositories/4/resources/24","Joseph Fleischmann World War I Medal Collection, 1916-1942, bulk 1919","World War, 1914-1918 -- Medals, badges, decorations, etc.","World War, 1914-1918 -- Medals -- France","World War, 1914-1918 -- Medals -- United States","World War, 1914-1918 -- New York (State)","World War, 1914-1918 -- Veterans -- New York (State)","World War, 1914-1918 -- Veterans -- United States","The entire collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged as displayed: the Army Occupation of Germany - World War I Ribbon, the New York World War Service Medal, the World War I Victory Medal, and the Battle of Verdun Medal.","Joseph Fleischmann (July 15, 1898-June 16, 1988) lived in Queens, New York when he enlisted for military service on July 5, 1917. He was initially assigned to Company A of the 14th Infantry Regiment until August 25, 1917 when he transferred to the 165th Infantry Regiment (formerly known as the 69th Infantry Regiment) of the 42nd Division of the American Expeditionary Force. He served overseas from October 29, 1917 until April 21, 1919. Mr. Fleischmann was discharged from service on May 7, 1919. On January 7, 1921, the 165th Infantry Regiment would be reorganized into the 69th Infantry Regiment of the New York National Guard.","\nThe Battle of Verdun bronze medal was ordered on November 20, 1916, by the Municipal Council of Verdun, in honor of the city's defense. The medal designer was sculptor Emile Seraphin Vernier. \"ON NE PASSE PAS\" (They Shall Not Pass) is a reference to General Robert Nivelle's speech from June 23, 1916 given to his troops. Originally, the medal was only going to be awarded to troops who fought on the Verdun Front between February 23 and November 2, 1916. The parameters were expanded to troops who fought in the Argonne and St. Mihiel sectors between July 31, 1914, and November 11, 1918.","\nNew York World War Service Medal originated from a proposal by New York State Senator John Joseph Boylan on January 9, 1919 for a bill to create a medal to honor New York veterans of who served \"in the war with the German Empire and its allies as a volunteer or otherwise, and making an appropriation therefor.\" Legislation for the creation of the medal was unanimously approved by the New York Senate on March 3, 1919 (as Senate Bill No. 583, Int. No. 13) and by the New York State Assembly on March 26, 1919 (Senate Bill No. 583, Rec. No. 47). After being sent back to the Senate, the bill was formally approved by 142nd New York Legislature. The bill was finally signed into law by New York Governor Alfred E. Smith on March 31, 1919.","\nThe design was created by Captain Charles J. Dieges of the 102nd Engineers, 27th Division. The bronze medal was produced by Dieges \u0026 Clust, Dieges' jeweler company in New York City. According to records of New York's Division of Military and Naval Affairs (DMNA), there are other versions of the medal that were produced by Washington Medal Craft Corporation of Providence, Rhode Island. But, the medal in the collection is a Dieges \u0026 Clust medal. By 1944, 93,000 medals were issued.\n    \n    \nThe World War I Victory bronze medal was established by an Act of Congress, 1919, and promulgated by War Department General Order 48, 1919, which was rescinded by War Department General Order 83, June 30, 1919. The 14 Allied Nations decided on a single ribbon, but pendant design was left up to each Nation. James E. Fraser was the designer of the U.S. Victory Medal.","\nThe Victory Medal ribbon pattern is used in thirteen streamers displayed on the Army flag to represent World War I service. The inscriptions for the streamers displayed on the Army flag are listed in AR 840-10.","\nBattle/Campaign Clasps:","\nChampagne-Marne: July 18 - August 6, 1918","\nAisne-Marne: July 18 - August 6, 1918","\nSt. Mihiel: September 12-16, 1918","\nMeuse-Argonne: September 26 - November 11, 1918","\nDefense Sector: [Undated]","\nThe Army Occupation of Germany - World War I ribbon is part of the bronze medal that was established by Public Law 322, 77th Congress on November 21, 1941, and announced in War Department Bulletin 34, dated December 10, 1941, and War Department Circular 176 dated June 6, 1942. The medal (and consequently the ribbon) was designed by Trygve A. Rovelstad of the Heraldic Division, Office of the Quartermaster General, in June 1942, and was approved by Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson on July 8, 1942.","Processed by Steven Craig Trelstad; finding aid prepared by Steven Craig Trelstad.","The materials were donated by Richard Wheatley, the great nephew of Joseph Fleischmann, in 2011. The collection was placed in an archival appropriate box.","United Daughters of the Confederacy Medal Collection, 1899-1968","Series I: Joseph Fleischmann World War I Medal Collection, 1916-1942 contains the Army Occupation of Germany - World War I Ribbon (1942), the New York World War Service Medal No. 50070 (1919), the World War I Victory Medal (1919), and the Battle of Verdun Medal (1916).","Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","A collection of three bronze medals and a ribbon that honor the military service of New York-native Joseph Fleischmann during World War I. The collection consists of the Army Occupation of Germany - World War I Ribbon, the New York World War Service Medal, the World War I Victory Medal, and the Battle of Verdun Medal. Each represent the state, national, and international scope of the conflict.","UCF Special Collections","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC089","/repositories/4/resources/24"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1916-1942, bulk 1919"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Joseph Fleischmann World War I Medal Collection, 1916-1942, bulk 1919"],"collection_title_tesim":["Joseph Fleischmann World War I Medal Collection, 1916-1942, bulk 1919"],"collection_ssim":["Joseph Fleischmann World War I Medal Collection, 1916-1942, bulk 1919"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Richard Wheatley transferred these materials to the University of Central Florida Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives in 2011 (CFM2011_06)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1914-1918 -- Medals, badges, decorations, etc.","World War, 1914-1918 -- Medals -- France","World War, 1914-1918 -- Medals -- United States","World War, 1914-1918 -- New York (State)","World War, 1914-1918 -- Veterans -- New York (State)","World War, 1914-1918 -- Veterans -- United States"],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1914-1918 -- Medals, badges, decorations, etc.","World War, 1914-1918 -- Medals -- France","World War, 1914-1918 -- Medals -- United States","World War, 1914-1918 -- New York (State)","World War, 1914-1918 -- Veterans -- New York (State)","World War, 1914-1918 -- Veterans -- United States"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.00 Linear Feet 1 Box"],"extent_tesim":["1.00 Linear Feet 1 Box"],"date_range_isim":[1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged as displayed: the Army Occupation of Germany - World War I Ribbon, the New York World War Service Medal, the World War I Victory Medal, and the Battle of Verdun Medal.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged as displayed: the Army Occupation of Germany - World War I Ribbon, the New York World War Service Medal, the World War I Victory Medal, and the Battle of Verdun Medal."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJoseph Fleischmann (July 15, 1898-June 16, 1988) lived in Queens, New York when he enlisted for military service on July 5, 1917. He was initially assigned to Company A of the 14th Infantry Regiment until August 25, 1917 when he transferred to the 165th Infantry Regiment (formerly known as the 69th Infantry Regiment) of the 42nd Division of the American Expeditionary Force. He served overseas from October 29, 1917 until April 21, 1919. Mr. Fleischmann was discharged from service on May 7, 1919. On January 7, 1921, the 165th Infantry Regiment would be reorganized into the 69th Infantry Regiment of the New York National Guard.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Battle of Verdun bronze medal was ordered on November 20, 1916, by the Municipal Council of Verdun, in honor of the city's defense. The medal designer was sculptor Emile Seraphin Vernier. \"ON NE PASSE PAS\" (They Shall Not Pass) is a reference to General Robert Nivelle's speech from June 23, 1916 given to his troops. Originally, the medal was only going to be awarded to troops who fought on the Verdun Front between February 23 and November 2, 1916. The parameters were expanded to troops who fought in the Argonne and St. Mihiel sectors between July 31, 1914, and November 11, 1918.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nNew York World War Service Medal originated from a proposal by New York State Senator John Joseph Boylan on January 9, 1919 for a bill to create a medal to honor New York veterans of who served \"in the war with the German Empire and its allies as a volunteer or otherwise, and making an appropriation therefor.\" Legislation for the creation of the medal was unanimously approved by the New York Senate on March 3, 1919 (as Senate Bill No. 583, Int. No. 13) and by the New York State Assembly on March 26, 1919 (Senate Bill No. 583, Rec. No. 47). After being sent back to the Senate, the bill was formally approved by 142nd New York Legislature. The bill was finally signed into law by New York Governor Alfred E. Smith on March 31, 1919.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThe design was created by Captain Charles J. Dieges of the 102nd Engineers, 27th Division. The bronze medal was produced by Dieges \u0026amp; Clust, Dieges' jeweler company in New York City. According to records of New York's Division of Military and Naval Affairs (DMNA), there are other versions of the medal that were produced by Washington Medal Craft Corporation of Providence, Rhode Island. But, the medal in the collection is a Dieges \u0026amp; Clust medal. By 1944, 93,000 medals were issued.\n    \n    \nThe World War I Victory bronze medal was established by an Act of Congress, 1919, and promulgated by War Department General Order 48, 1919, which was rescinded by War Department General Order 83, June 30, 1919. The 14 Allied Nations decided on a single ribbon, but pendant design was left up to each Nation. James E. Fraser was the designer of the U.S. Victory Medal.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Victory Medal ribbon pattern is used in thirteen streamers displayed on the Army flag to represent World War I service. The inscriptions for the streamers displayed on the Army flag are listed in AR 840-10.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nBattle/Campaign Clasps:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nChampagne-Marne: July 18 - August 6, 1918\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nAisne-Marne: July 18 - August 6, 1918\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSt. Mihiel: September 12-16, 1918\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nMeuse-Argonne: September 26 - November 11, 1918\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nDefense Sector: [Undated]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Army Occupation of Germany - World War I ribbon is part of the bronze medal that was established by Public Law 322, 77th Congress on November 21, 1941, and announced in War Department Bulletin 34, dated December 10, 1941, and War Department Circular 176 dated June 6, 1942. The medal (and consequently the ribbon) was designed by Trygve A. Rovelstad of the Heraldic Division, Office of the Quartermaster General, in June 1942, and was approved by Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson on July 8, 1942.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Joseph Fleischmann (July 15, 1898-June 16, 1988) lived in Queens, New York when he enlisted for military service on July 5, 1917. He was initially assigned to Company A of the 14th Infantry Regiment until August 25, 1917 when he transferred to the 165th Infantry Regiment (formerly known as the 69th Infantry Regiment) of the 42nd Division of the American Expeditionary Force. He served overseas from October 29, 1917 until April 21, 1919. Mr. Fleischmann was discharged from service on May 7, 1919. On January 7, 1921, the 165th Infantry Regiment would be reorganized into the 69th Infantry Regiment of the New York National Guard.","\nThe Battle of Verdun bronze medal was ordered on November 20, 1916, by the Municipal Council of Verdun, in honor of the city's defense. The medal designer was sculptor Emile Seraphin Vernier. \"ON NE PASSE PAS\" (They Shall Not Pass) is a reference to General Robert Nivelle's speech from June 23, 1916 given to his troops. Originally, the medal was only going to be awarded to troops who fought on the Verdun Front between February 23 and November 2, 1916. The parameters were expanded to troops who fought in the Argonne and St. Mihiel sectors between July 31, 1914, and November 11, 1918.","\nNew York World War Service Medal originated from a proposal by New York State Senator John Joseph Boylan on January 9, 1919 for a bill to create a medal to honor New York veterans of who served \"in the war with the German Empire and its allies as a volunteer or otherwise, and making an appropriation therefor.\" Legislation for the creation of the medal was unanimously approved by the New York Senate on March 3, 1919 (as Senate Bill No. 583, Int. No. 13) and by the New York State Assembly on March 26, 1919 (Senate Bill No. 583, Rec. No. 47). After being sent back to the Senate, the bill was formally approved by 142nd New York Legislature. The bill was finally signed into law by New York Governor Alfred E. Smith on March 31, 1919.","\nThe design was created by Captain Charles J. Dieges of the 102nd Engineers, 27th Division. The bronze medal was produced by Dieges \u0026 Clust, Dieges' jeweler company in New York City. According to records of New York's Division of Military and Naval Affairs (DMNA), there are other versions of the medal that were produced by Washington Medal Craft Corporation of Providence, Rhode Island. But, the medal in the collection is a Dieges \u0026 Clust medal. By 1944, 93,000 medals were issued.\n    \n    \nThe World War I Victory bronze medal was established by an Act of Congress, 1919, and promulgated by War Department General Order 48, 1919, which was rescinded by War Department General Order 83, June 30, 1919. The 14 Allied Nations decided on a single ribbon, but pendant design was left up to each Nation. James E. Fraser was the designer of the U.S. Victory Medal.","\nThe Victory Medal ribbon pattern is used in thirteen streamers displayed on the Army flag to represent World War I service. The inscriptions for the streamers displayed on the Army flag are listed in AR 840-10.","\nBattle/Campaign Clasps:","\nChampagne-Marne: July 18 - August 6, 1918","\nAisne-Marne: July 18 - August 6, 1918","\nSt. Mihiel: September 12-16, 1918","\nMeuse-Argonne: September 26 - November 11, 1918","\nDefense Sector: [Undated]","\nThe Army Occupation of Germany - World War I ribbon is part of the bronze medal that was established by Public Law 322, 77th Congress on November 21, 1941, and announced in War Department Bulletin 34, dated December 10, 1941, and War Department Circular 176 dated June 6, 1942. The medal (and consequently the ribbon) was designed by Trygve A. Rovelstad of the Heraldic Division, Office of the Quartermaster General, in June 1942, and was approved by Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson on July 8, 1942."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJoseph Fleischmann World War I Medal Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Joseph Fleischmann World War I Medal Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Steven Craig Trelstad; finding aid prepared by Steven Craig Trelstad.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe materials were donated by Richard Wheatley, the great nephew of Joseph Fleischmann, in 2011. The collection was placed in an archival appropriate box.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Steven Craig Trelstad; finding aid prepared by Steven Craig Trelstad.","The materials were donated by Richard Wheatley, the great nephew of Joseph Fleischmann, in 2011. The collection was placed in an archival appropriate box."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM1988-01\"\u003eUnited Daughters of the Confederacy Medal Collection, 1899-1968\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["United Daughters of the Confederacy Medal Collection, 1899-1968"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Joseph Fleischmann World War I Medal Collection, 1916-1942 contains the Army Occupation of Germany - World War I Ribbon (1942), the New York World War Service Medal No. 50070 (1919), the World War I Victory Medal (1919), and the Battle of Verdun Medal (1916).\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Series I: Joseph Fleischmann World War I Medal Collection, 1916-1942 contains the Army Occupation of Germany - World War I Ribbon (1942), the New York World War Service Medal No. 50070 (1919), the World War I Victory Medal (1919), and the Battle of Verdun Medal (1916)."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_3e77bd12726fc32c2d2abdcb177927eb\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eA collection of three bronze medals and a ribbon that honor the military service of New York-native Joseph Fleischmann during World War I. The collection consists of the Army Occupation of Germany - World War I Ribbon, the New York World War Service Medal, the World War I Victory Medal, and the Battle of Verdun Medal. Each represent the state, national, and international scope of the conflict.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["A collection of three bronze medals and a ribbon that honor the military service of New York-native Joseph Fleischmann during World War I. The collection consists of the Army Occupation of Germany - World War I Ribbon, the New York World War Service Medal, the World War I Victory Medal, and the Battle of Verdun Medal. Each represent the state, national, and international scope of the conflict."],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":5,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1879736099775971328,"_root_":"cab673030cadc58ef482c39e","timestamp":"2026-10-22T08:00:39.978Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"cab673030cadc58ef482c39e","title_ssm":["Joseph Fleischmann World War I Medal Collection"],"title_tesim":["Joseph Fleischmann World War I Medal Collection"],"ead_ssi":"cab673030cadc58ef482c39e","unitdate_ssm":["1916-1942","1919"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1919"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1916-1942"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC089","/repositories/4/resources/24"],"text":["SC089","/repositories/4/resources/24","Joseph Fleischmann World War I Medal Collection, 1916-1942, bulk 1919","World War, 1914-1918 -- Medals, badges, decorations, etc.","World War, 1914-1918 -- Medals -- France","World War, 1914-1918 -- Medals -- United States","World War, 1914-1918 -- New York (State)","World War, 1914-1918 -- Veterans -- New York (State)","World War, 1914-1918 -- Veterans -- United States","The entire collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged as displayed: the Army Occupation of Germany - World War I Ribbon, the New York World War Service Medal, the World War I Victory Medal, and the Battle of Verdun Medal.","Joseph Fleischmann (July 15, 1898-June 16, 1988) lived in Queens, New York when he enlisted for military service on July 5, 1917. He was initially assigned to Company A of the 14th Infantry Regiment until August 25, 1917 when he transferred to the 165th Infantry Regiment (formerly known as the 69th Infantry Regiment) of the 42nd Division of the American Expeditionary Force. He served overseas from October 29, 1917 until April 21, 1919. Mr. Fleischmann was discharged from service on May 7, 1919. On January 7, 1921, the 165th Infantry Regiment would be reorganized into the 69th Infantry Regiment of the New York National Guard.","\nThe Battle of Verdun bronze medal was ordered on November 20, 1916, by the Municipal Council of Verdun, in honor of the city's defense. The medal designer was sculptor Emile Seraphin Vernier. \"ON NE PASSE PAS\" (They Shall Not Pass) is a reference to General Robert Nivelle's speech from June 23, 1916 given to his troops. Originally, the medal was only going to be awarded to troops who fought on the Verdun Front between February 23 and November 2, 1916. The parameters were expanded to troops who fought in the Argonne and St. Mihiel sectors between July 31, 1914, and November 11, 1918.","\nNew York World War Service Medal originated from a proposal by New York State Senator John Joseph Boylan on January 9, 1919 for a bill to create a medal to honor New York veterans of who served \"in the war with the German Empire and its allies as a volunteer or otherwise, and making an appropriation therefor.\" Legislation for the creation of the medal was unanimously approved by the New York Senate on March 3, 1919 (as Senate Bill No. 583, Int. No. 13) and by the New York State Assembly on March 26, 1919 (Senate Bill No. 583, Rec. No. 47). After being sent back to the Senate, the bill was formally approved by 142nd New York Legislature. The bill was finally signed into law by New York Governor Alfred E. Smith on March 31, 1919.","\nThe design was created by Captain Charles J. Dieges of the 102nd Engineers, 27th Division. The bronze medal was produced by Dieges \u0026 Clust, Dieges' jeweler company in New York City. According to records of New York's Division of Military and Naval Affairs (DMNA), there are other versions of the medal that were produced by Washington Medal Craft Corporation of Providence, Rhode Island. But, the medal in the collection is a Dieges \u0026 Clust medal. By 1944, 93,000 medals were issued.\n    \n    \nThe World War I Victory bronze medal was established by an Act of Congress, 1919, and promulgated by War Department General Order 48, 1919, which was rescinded by War Department General Order 83, June 30, 1919. The 14 Allied Nations decided on a single ribbon, but pendant design was left up to each Nation. James E. Fraser was the designer of the U.S. Victory Medal.","\nThe Victory Medal ribbon pattern is used in thirteen streamers displayed on the Army flag to represent World War I service. The inscriptions for the streamers displayed on the Army flag are listed in AR 840-10.","\nBattle/Campaign Clasps:","\nChampagne-Marne: July 18 - August 6, 1918","\nAisne-Marne: July 18 - August 6, 1918","\nSt. Mihiel: September 12-16, 1918","\nMeuse-Argonne: September 26 - November 11, 1918","\nDefense Sector: [Undated]","\nThe Army Occupation of Germany - World War I ribbon is part of the bronze medal that was established by Public Law 322, 77th Congress on November 21, 1941, and announced in War Department Bulletin 34, dated December 10, 1941, and War Department Circular 176 dated June 6, 1942. The medal (and consequently the ribbon) was designed by Trygve A. Rovelstad of the Heraldic Division, Office of the Quartermaster General, in June 1942, and was approved by Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson on July 8, 1942.","Processed by Steven Craig Trelstad; finding aid prepared by Steven Craig Trelstad.","The materials were donated by Richard Wheatley, the great nephew of Joseph Fleischmann, in 2011. The collection was placed in an archival appropriate box.","United Daughters of the Confederacy Medal Collection, 1899-1968","Series I: Joseph Fleischmann World War I Medal Collection, 1916-1942 contains the Army Occupation of Germany - World War I Ribbon (1942), the New York World War Service Medal No. 50070 (1919), the World War I Victory Medal (1919), and the Battle of Verdun Medal (1916).","Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","A collection of three bronze medals and a ribbon that honor the military service of New York-native Joseph Fleischmann during World War I. The collection consists of the Army Occupation of Germany - World War I Ribbon, the New York World War Service Medal, the World War I Victory Medal, and the Battle of Verdun Medal. Each represent the state, national, and international scope of the conflict.","UCF Special Collections","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC089","/repositories/4/resources/24"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1916-1942, bulk 1919"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Joseph Fleischmann World War I Medal Collection, 1916-1942, bulk 1919"],"collection_title_tesim":["Joseph Fleischmann World War I Medal Collection, 1916-1942, bulk 1919"],"collection_ssim":["Joseph Fleischmann World War I Medal Collection, 1916-1942, bulk 1919"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Richard Wheatley transferred these materials to the University of Central Florida Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives in 2011 (CFM2011_06)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1914-1918 -- Medals, badges, decorations, etc.","World War, 1914-1918 -- Medals -- France","World War, 1914-1918 -- Medals -- United States","World War, 1914-1918 -- New York (State)","World War, 1914-1918 -- Veterans -- New York (State)","World War, 1914-1918 -- Veterans -- United States"],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1914-1918 -- Medals, badges, decorations, etc.","World War, 1914-1918 -- Medals -- France","World War, 1914-1918 -- Medals -- United States","World War, 1914-1918 -- New York (State)","World War, 1914-1918 -- Veterans -- New York (State)","World War, 1914-1918 -- Veterans -- United States"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.00 Linear Feet 1 Box"],"extent_tesim":["1.00 Linear Feet 1 Box"],"date_range_isim":[1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged as displayed: the Army Occupation of Germany - World War I Ribbon, the New York World War Service Medal, the World War I Victory Medal, and the Battle of Verdun Medal.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged as displayed: the Army Occupation of Germany - World War I Ribbon, the New York World War Service Medal, the World War I Victory Medal, and the Battle of Verdun Medal."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJoseph Fleischmann (July 15, 1898-June 16, 1988) lived in Queens, New York when he enlisted for military service on July 5, 1917. He was initially assigned to Company A of the 14th Infantry Regiment until August 25, 1917 when he transferred to the 165th Infantry Regiment (formerly known as the 69th Infantry Regiment) of the 42nd Division of the American Expeditionary Force. He served overseas from October 29, 1917 until April 21, 1919. Mr. Fleischmann was discharged from service on May 7, 1919. On January 7, 1921, the 165th Infantry Regiment would be reorganized into the 69th Infantry Regiment of the New York National Guard.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Battle of Verdun bronze medal was ordered on November 20, 1916, by the Municipal Council of Verdun, in honor of the city's defense. The medal designer was sculptor Emile Seraphin Vernier. \"ON NE PASSE PAS\" (They Shall Not Pass) is a reference to General Robert Nivelle's speech from June 23, 1916 given to his troops. Originally, the medal was only going to be awarded to troops who fought on the Verdun Front between February 23 and November 2, 1916. The parameters were expanded to troops who fought in the Argonne and St. Mihiel sectors between July 31, 1914, and November 11, 1918.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nNew York World War Service Medal originated from a proposal by New York State Senator John Joseph Boylan on January 9, 1919 for a bill to create a medal to honor New York veterans of who served \"in the war with the German Empire and its allies as a volunteer or otherwise, and making an appropriation therefor.\" Legislation for the creation of the medal was unanimously approved by the New York Senate on March 3, 1919 (as Senate Bill No. 583, Int. No. 13) and by the New York State Assembly on March 26, 1919 (Senate Bill No. 583, Rec. No. 47). After being sent back to the Senate, the bill was formally approved by 142nd New York Legislature. The bill was finally signed into law by New York Governor Alfred E. Smith on March 31, 1919.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThe design was created by Captain Charles J. Dieges of the 102nd Engineers, 27th Division. The bronze medal was produced by Dieges \u0026amp; Clust, Dieges' jeweler company in New York City. According to records of New York's Division of Military and Naval Affairs (DMNA), there are other versions of the medal that were produced by Washington Medal Craft Corporation of Providence, Rhode Island. But, the medal in the collection is a Dieges \u0026amp; Clust medal. By 1944, 93,000 medals were issued.\n    \n    \nThe World War I Victory bronze medal was established by an Act of Congress, 1919, and promulgated by War Department General Order 48, 1919, which was rescinded by War Department General Order 83, June 30, 1919. The 14 Allied Nations decided on a single ribbon, but pendant design was left up to each Nation. James E. Fraser was the designer of the U.S. Victory Medal.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Victory Medal ribbon pattern is used in thirteen streamers displayed on the Army flag to represent World War I service. The inscriptions for the streamers displayed on the Army flag are listed in AR 840-10.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nBattle/Campaign Clasps:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nChampagne-Marne: July 18 - August 6, 1918\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nAisne-Marne: July 18 - August 6, 1918\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSt. Mihiel: September 12-16, 1918\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nMeuse-Argonne: September 26 - November 11, 1918\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nDefense Sector: [Undated]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Army Occupation of Germany - World War I ribbon is part of the bronze medal that was established by Public Law 322, 77th Congress on November 21, 1941, and announced in War Department Bulletin 34, dated December 10, 1941, and War Department Circular 176 dated June 6, 1942. The medal (and consequently the ribbon) was designed by Trygve A. Rovelstad of the Heraldic Division, Office of the Quartermaster General, in June 1942, and was approved by Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson on July 8, 1942.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Joseph Fleischmann (July 15, 1898-June 16, 1988) lived in Queens, New York when he enlisted for military service on July 5, 1917. He was initially assigned to Company A of the 14th Infantry Regiment until August 25, 1917 when he transferred to the 165th Infantry Regiment (formerly known as the 69th Infantry Regiment) of the 42nd Division of the American Expeditionary Force. He served overseas from October 29, 1917 until April 21, 1919. Mr. Fleischmann was discharged from service on May 7, 1919. On January 7, 1921, the 165th Infantry Regiment would be reorganized into the 69th Infantry Regiment of the New York National Guard.","\nThe Battle of Verdun bronze medal was ordered on November 20, 1916, by the Municipal Council of Verdun, in honor of the city's defense. The medal designer was sculptor Emile Seraphin Vernier. \"ON NE PASSE PAS\" (They Shall Not Pass) is a reference to General Robert Nivelle's speech from June 23, 1916 given to his troops. Originally, the medal was only going to be awarded to troops who fought on the Verdun Front between February 23 and November 2, 1916. The parameters were expanded to troops who fought in the Argonne and St. Mihiel sectors between July 31, 1914, and November 11, 1918.","\nNew York World War Service Medal originated from a proposal by New York State Senator John Joseph Boylan on January 9, 1919 for a bill to create a medal to honor New York veterans of who served \"in the war with the German Empire and its allies as a volunteer or otherwise, and making an appropriation therefor.\" Legislation for the creation of the medal was unanimously approved by the New York Senate on March 3, 1919 (as Senate Bill No. 583, Int. No. 13) and by the New York State Assembly on March 26, 1919 (Senate Bill No. 583, Rec. No. 47). After being sent back to the Senate, the bill was formally approved by 142nd New York Legislature. The bill was finally signed into law by New York Governor Alfred E. Smith on March 31, 1919.","\nThe design was created by Captain Charles J. Dieges of the 102nd Engineers, 27th Division. The bronze medal was produced by Dieges \u0026 Clust, Dieges' jeweler company in New York City. According to records of New York's Division of Military and Naval Affairs (DMNA), there are other versions of the medal that were produced by Washington Medal Craft Corporation of Providence, Rhode Island. But, the medal in the collection is a Dieges \u0026 Clust medal. By 1944, 93,000 medals were issued.\n    \n    \nThe World War I Victory bronze medal was established by an Act of Congress, 1919, and promulgated by War Department General Order 48, 1919, which was rescinded by War Department General Order 83, June 30, 1919. The 14 Allied Nations decided on a single ribbon, but pendant design was left up to each Nation. James E. Fraser was the designer of the U.S. Victory Medal.","\nThe Victory Medal ribbon pattern is used in thirteen streamers displayed on the Army flag to represent World War I service. The inscriptions for the streamers displayed on the Army flag are listed in AR 840-10.","\nBattle/Campaign Clasps:","\nChampagne-Marne: July 18 - August 6, 1918","\nAisne-Marne: July 18 - August 6, 1918","\nSt. Mihiel: September 12-16, 1918","\nMeuse-Argonne: September 26 - November 11, 1918","\nDefense Sector: [Undated]","\nThe Army Occupation of Germany - World War I ribbon is part of the bronze medal that was established by Public Law 322, 77th Congress on November 21, 1941, and announced in War Department Bulletin 34, dated December 10, 1941, and War Department Circular 176 dated June 6, 1942. The medal (and consequently the ribbon) was designed by Trygve A. Rovelstad of the Heraldic Division, Office of the Quartermaster General, in June 1942, and was approved by Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson on July 8, 1942."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJoseph Fleischmann World War I Medal Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Joseph Fleischmann World War I Medal Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Steven Craig Trelstad; finding aid prepared by Steven Craig Trelstad.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe materials were donated by Richard Wheatley, the great nephew of Joseph Fleischmann, in 2011. The collection was placed in an archival appropriate box.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Steven Craig Trelstad; finding aid prepared by Steven Craig Trelstad.","The materials were donated by Richard Wheatley, the great nephew of Joseph Fleischmann, in 2011. The collection was placed in an archival appropriate box."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM1988-01\"\u003eUnited Daughters of the Confederacy Medal Collection, 1899-1968\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["United Daughters of the Confederacy Medal Collection, 1899-1968"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Joseph Fleischmann World War I Medal Collection, 1916-1942 contains the Army Occupation of Germany - World War I Ribbon (1942), the New York World War Service Medal No. 50070 (1919), the World War I Victory Medal (1919), and the Battle of Verdun Medal (1916).\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Series I: Joseph Fleischmann World War I Medal Collection, 1916-1942 contains the Army Occupation of Germany - World War I Ribbon (1942), the New York World War Service Medal No. 50070 (1919), the World War I Victory Medal (1919), and the Battle of Verdun Medal (1916)."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_3e77bd12726fc32c2d2abdcb177927eb\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eA collection of three bronze medals and a ribbon that honor the military service of New York-native Joseph Fleischmann during World War I. The collection consists of the Army Occupation of Germany - World War I Ribbon, the New York World War Service Medal, the World War I Victory Medal, and the Battle of Verdun Medal. Each represent the state, national, and international scope of the conflict.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["A collection of three bronze medals and a ribbon that honor the military service of New York-native Joseph Fleischmann during World War I. The collection consists of the Army Occupation of Germany - World War I Ribbon, the New York World War Service Medal, the World War I Victory Medal, and the Battle of Verdun Medal. Each represent the state, national, and international scope of the conflict."],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":5,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1879736099775971328,"_root_":"cab673030cadc58ef482c39e","timestamp":"2026-10-22T08:00:39.978Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/cab673030cadc58ef482c39e"}},{"id":"8936e1529956230dd7d1e475","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Joseph Jennings transcript, 1922-2008, Date acquired: 12/07/2001, bulk 1941-1945","creator":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/8936e1529956230dd7d1e475#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["Jennings, Joseph"],"label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/8936e1529956230dd7d1e475#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of an oral history interview transcript of Joseph Jennings, who was enlisted in the U.S. Navy and worked as an aircraft radio operator during World War II and served in the South Atlantic guarding the Brazilian coastline near Rio do Janeiro. The interview covers his duties and anecdotes, like his training in Norfolk, VA, his emergency appendectomy, and his time in Dutch Guyana. The interview also describes his early years during the Great Depression in Oklahoma.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/8936e1529956230dd7d1e475#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"8936e1529956230dd7d1e475","title_ssm":["Joseph Jennings transcript"],"title_tesim":["Joseph Jennings transcript"],"ead_ssi":"8936e1529956230dd7d1e475","unitdate_ssm":["1922-2008","1941-1945","Date acquired: 12/07/2001"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1941-1945"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1922-2008"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 12/07/2001"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["01.0199","/repositories/10/resources/1148"],"text":["01.0199","/repositories/10/resources/1148","Joseph Jennings transcript, 1922-2008, Date acquired: 12/07/2001, bulk 1941-1945","Natal (Brazil)","Naval Air Station Jacksonville (Fla.)","South America","Charleston Naval Base (S.C.)","Brazil","Brazil--History--1930-1954","Airplanes--Models","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Atlantic Ocean","World War, 1939-1945","World War, 1939-1945--Naval operations, American","Radar","Airplanes, Military--United States--History","Submarine warfare--History","Radio--History","Naval convoys","This collection is open to all researchers.","Joseph Jennings was born in Oklahoma City on September 14, 1922. He graduated from high school in 1941 and was working for his father's advertising distributing agency when he heard of the attack on Pearl Harbor. He enlisted the following January and was sent to Norfolk Naval Base for training. There, he became a self-taught \"struck\" for a radio operator in planes, and later was trained as a gunner and did anti-submarine radar patrol on the Atlantic coast. His squadron was later deployed to the South American coastline patrolling the area from Barbados to Natal (Brazil). His duties included the training of some Brazilian troops and a convoy escort.\n After the war, Jennings went to Oklahoma City University and Oklahoma State University, where he earned a Bachelor of Arts in Business Mathematics in 1951. By the time of the interview on May 30, 2001, he was living in Sarasota, Florida.","Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022.","Revised 08/03/2017 by Alberto Miguel Pérez-Rueda","This collection consists of an oral history interview transcript of Joseph Jennings, who was enlisted in the U.S. Navy and worked as an aircraft radio operator during World War II and served in the South Atlantic guarding the Brazilian coastline near Rio do Janeiro. The interview covers his duties and anecdotes, like his training in Norfolk, VA, his emergency appendectomy, and his time in Dutch Guyana. The interview also describes his early years during the Great Depression in Oklahoma.","All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.","FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","United States. Navy","United States. Navy--Aviation machinists","Jennings, Joseph","English"],"unitid_tesim":["01.0199","/repositories/10/resources/1148"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1922-2008, Date acquired: 12/07/2001, bulk 1941-1945"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Joseph Jennings transcript, 1922-2008, Date acquired: 12/07/2001, bulk 1941-1945"],"collection_title_tesim":["Joseph Jennings transcript, 1922-2008, Date acquired: 12/07/2001, bulk 1941-1945"],"collection_ssim":["Joseph Jennings transcript, 1922-2008, Date acquired: 12/07/2001, bulk 1941-1945"],"repository_ssm":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Natal (Brazil)","Naval Air Station Jacksonville (Fla.)","South America","Charleston Naval Base (S.C.)","Brazil"],"geogname_ssim":["Natal (Brazil)","Naval Air Station Jacksonville (Fla.)","South America","Charleston Naval Base (S.C.)","Brazil"],"creator_ssm":["Jennings, Joseph"],"creator_ssim":["Jennings, Joseph"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Jennings, Joseph"],"creators_ssim":["Jennings, Joseph"],"places_ssim":["Natal (Brazil)","Naval Air Station Jacksonville (Fla.)","South America","Charleston Naval Base (S.C.)","Brazil"],"access_terms_ssm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"acqinfo_ssim":["James Tollerton","Donated to The Institute on World War II and the Human Experience."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Brazil--History--1930-1954","Airplanes--Models","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Atlantic Ocean","World War, 1939-1945","World War, 1939-1945--Naval operations, American","Radar","Airplanes, Military--United States--History","Submarine warfare--History","Radio--History","Naval convoys"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Brazil--History--1930-1954","Airplanes--Models","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Atlantic Ocean","World War, 1939-1945","World War, 1939-1945--Naval operations, American","Radar","Airplanes, Military--United States--History","Submarine warfare--History","Radio--History","Naval convoys"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.00 folders"],"extent_tesim":["1.00 folders"],"date_range_isim":[1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to all researchers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to all researchers."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJoseph Jennings was born in Oklahoma City on September 14, 1922. He graduated from high school in 1941 and was working for his father's advertising distributing agency when he heard of the attack on Pearl Harbor. He enlisted the following January and was sent to Norfolk Naval Base for training. There, he became a self-taught \"struck\" for a radio operator in planes, and later was trained as a gunner and did anti-submarine radar patrol on the Atlantic coast. His squadron was later deployed to the South American coastline patrolling the area from Barbados to Natal (Brazil). His duties included the training of some Brazilian troops and a convoy escort.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAfter the war, Jennings went to Oklahoma City University and Oklahoma State University, where he earned a Bachelor of Arts in Business Mathematics in 1951. By the time of the interview on May 30, 2001, he was living in Sarasota, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Joseph Jennings was born in Oklahoma City on September 14, 1922. He graduated from high school in 1941 and was working for his father's advertising distributing agency when he heard of the attack on Pearl Harbor. He enlisted the following January and was sent to Norfolk Naval Base for training. There, he became a self-taught \"struck\" for a radio operator in planes, and later was trained as a gunner and did anti-submarine radar patrol on the Atlantic coast. His squadron was later deployed to the South American coastline patrolling the area from Barbados to Natal (Brazil). His duties included the training of some Brazilian troops and a convoy escort.\n After the war, Jennings went to Oklahoma City University and Oklahoma State University, where he earned a Bachelor of Arts in Business Mathematics in 1951. By the time of the interview on May 30, 2001, he was living in Sarasota, Florida."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTransferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives in July 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], Joseph Jennings Transcript, Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_01_0199\"\u003ehttp://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_01_0199\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], Joseph Jennings Transcript, Special Collections \u0026 Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida.  http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_01_0199 ."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRevised 08/03/2017 by Alberto Miguel P\u0026#xE9;rez-Rueda\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Revised 08/03/2017 by Alberto Miguel Pérez-Rueda"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of an oral history interview transcript of Joseph Jennings, who was enlisted in the U.S. Navy and worked as an aircraft radio operator during World War II and served in the South Atlantic guarding the Brazilian coastline near Rio do Janeiro. The interview covers his duties and anecdotes, like his training in Norfolk, VA, his emergency appendectomy, and his time in Dutch Guyana. The interview also describes his early years during the Great Depression in Oklahoma.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of an oral history interview transcript of Joseph Jennings, who was enlisted in the U.S. Navy and worked as an aircraft radio operator during World War II and served in the South Atlantic guarding the Brazilian coastline near Rio do Janeiro. The interview covers his duties and anecdotes, like his training in Norfolk, VA, his emergency appendectomy, and his time in Dutch Guyana. The interview also describes his early years during the Great Depression in Oklahoma."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Navy","United States. Navy--Aviation machinists","Jennings, Joseph"],"names_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","United States. Navy","United States. Navy--Aviation machinists","Jennings, Joseph"],"corpname_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","United States. Navy","United States. Navy--Aviation machinists"],"famname_ssim":["Jennings, Joseph"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870856947567165440,"_root_":"8936e1529956230dd7d1e475","timestamp":"2026-07-16T07:50:20.564Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"8936e1529956230dd7d1e475","title_ssm":["Joseph Jennings transcript"],"title_tesim":["Joseph Jennings transcript"],"ead_ssi":"8936e1529956230dd7d1e475","unitdate_ssm":["1922-2008","1941-1945","Date acquired: 12/07/2001"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1941-1945"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1922-2008"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 12/07/2001"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["01.0199","/repositories/10/resources/1148"],"text":["01.0199","/repositories/10/resources/1148","Joseph Jennings transcript, 1922-2008, Date acquired: 12/07/2001, bulk 1941-1945","Natal (Brazil)","Naval Air Station Jacksonville (Fla.)","South America","Charleston Naval Base (S.C.)","Brazil","Brazil--History--1930-1954","Airplanes--Models","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Atlantic Ocean","World War, 1939-1945","World War, 1939-1945--Naval operations, American","Radar","Airplanes, Military--United States--History","Submarine warfare--History","Radio--History","Naval convoys","This collection is open to all researchers.","Joseph Jennings was born in Oklahoma City on September 14, 1922. He graduated from high school in 1941 and was working for his father's advertising distributing agency when he heard of the attack on Pearl Harbor. He enlisted the following January and was sent to Norfolk Naval Base for training. There, he became a self-taught \"struck\" for a radio operator in planes, and later was trained as a gunner and did anti-submarine radar patrol on the Atlantic coast. His squadron was later deployed to the South American coastline patrolling the area from Barbados to Natal (Brazil). His duties included the training of some Brazilian troops and a convoy escort.\n After the war, Jennings went to Oklahoma City University and Oklahoma State University, where he earned a Bachelor of Arts in Business Mathematics in 1951. 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The interview covers his duties and anecdotes, like his training in Norfolk, VA, his emergency appendectomy, and his time in Dutch Guyana. The interview also describes his early years during the Great Depression in Oklahoma.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of an oral history interview transcript of Joseph Jennings, who was enlisted in the U.S. Navy and worked as an aircraft radio operator during World War II and served in the South Atlantic guarding the Brazilian coastline near Rio do Janeiro. The interview covers his duties and anecdotes, like his training in Norfolk, VA, his emergency appendectomy, and his time in Dutch Guyana. The interview also describes his early years during the Great Depression in Oklahoma."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. 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Young Properties, Inc., Preferred Stock subscription, 1927","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/dc8d86f8b7dce52f474b16fa_aspace_737d8cc5304ac34535dcaf5dea469338#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_737d8cc5304ac34535dcaf5dea469338","ref_ssm":["aspace_737d8cc5304ac34535dcaf5dea469338","aspace_737d8cc5304ac34535dcaf5dea469338"],"id":"dc8d86f8b7dce52f474b16fa_aspace_737d8cc5304ac34535dcaf5dea469338","title_filing_ssi":"Joseph W. Young Properties, Inc., Preferred Stock subscription","title_ssm":["Joseph W. Young Properties, Inc., Preferred Stock subscription"],"title_tesim":["Joseph W. Young Properties, Inc., Preferred Stock subscription"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1927"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1927"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Joseph W. Young Properties, Inc., Preferred Stock subscription, 1927"],"text":["Joseph W. Young Properties, Inc., Preferred Stock subscription, 1927","Robert Drake Collection, Circa 1926-1960","Printed Materials, Circa 1926-1954","General, Circa 1927-1954","/repositories/4/archival_objects/11391","box 1","folder 17"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["dc8d86f8b7dce52f474b16fa","dc8d86f8b7dce52f474b16fa_aspace_b732657f9c49b70a3f808b95313f3362","dc8d86f8b7dce52f474b16fa_aspace_429d4e537e75edc9634907dabe948234"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Robert Drake Collection, Circa 1926-1960","Printed Materials, Circa 1926-1954","General, Circa 1927-1954"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Robert Drake Collection, Circa 1926-1960","Printed Materials, Circa 1926-1954","General, Circa 1927-1954"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Subseries"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/4/archival_objects/11391"],"repository_ssim":["Broward County Historical Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Robert Drake Collection, Circa 1926-1960"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":23,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The Robert Drake Collection is open for research."],"date_range_isim":[1927],"containers_ssim":["box 1","folder 17"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#4/components#3","_nest_parent_":"dc8d86f8b7dce52f474b16fa_aspace_429d4e537e75edc9634907dabe948234","_root_":"dc8d86f8b7dce52f474b16fa","_version_":1876457678558986240,"timestamp":"2026-09-16T03:31:33.864Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"dc8d86f8b7dce52f474b16fa","title_filing_ssi":"Drake, Robert Collection","title_ssm":["Robert Drake Collection"],"title_tesim":["Robert Drake Collection"],"ead_ssi":"dc8d86f8b7dce52f474b16fa","unitdate_ssm":["Circa 1926-1960"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Circa 1926-1960"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["BCHA.1988.4","/repositories/4/resources/67"],"text":["BCHA.1988.4","/repositories/4/resources/67","Robert Drake Collection, Circa 1926-1960","Hollywood (Fla.)","Stock certificates","Correspondence","Photographs","Maps","Clippings","Ephemera","The Robert Drake Collection is open for research.","The Robert Drake Collection is organized into three series: Series I. Printed Materials, Series II. Correspondence, and Series III. Photographs.","Joseph W. Young Jr. was a real estate developer born in 1882. In 1925, Hollywood, Florida was  incorporated as a city, and Young was elected its first mayor. However, Young resigned from the position to develop Port Everglades. Before becoming Mayor of Hollywood, Florida, Young developed the city by creating resort hotels, a country club, office buildings, a railroad station and school. He died on February 27, 1934 in his home at 1055 Hollywood Boulevard.","The Robert Drake Collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection.","The Robert Drake Collection contains photographs, ephemera, maps, correspondence, and stock certificates documenting the professional career of Joseph W. Young, Jr. and Hollywood, Florida."," Broward County Historical Archives","Young, Joseph Wesley, Jr., 1882-1934","English"],"unitid_tesim":["BCHA.1988.4","/repositories/4/resources/67"],"normalized_date_ssm":["Circa 1926-1960"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Robert Drake Collection, Circa 1926-1960"],"collection_title_tesim":["Robert Drake Collection, Circa 1926-1960"],"collection_ssim":["Robert Drake Collection, Circa 1926-1960"],"repository_ssm":["Broward County Historical Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Broward County Historical Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Hollywood (Fla.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Hollywood (Fla.)"],"places_ssim":["Hollywood (Fla.)"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Stock certificates","Correspondence","Photographs","Maps","Clippings","Ephemera"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Stock certificates","Correspondence","Photographs","Maps","Clippings","Ephemera"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 Hollinger Box"],"extent_tesim":["1 Hollinger Box"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Photographs","Maps","Clippings","Ephemera"],"date_range_isim":[1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Robert Drake Collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The Robert Drake Collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Robert Drake Collection is organized into three series: Series I. Printed Materials, Series II. Correspondence, and Series III. Photographs.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Robert Drake Collection is organized into three series: Series I. Printed Materials, Series II. Correspondence, and Series III. Photographs."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJoseph W. Young Jr. was a real estate developer born in 1882. In 1925, Hollywood, Florida was  incorporated as a city, and Young was elected its first mayor. However, Young resigned from the position to develop Port Everglades. Before becoming Mayor of Hollywood, Florida, Young developed the city by creating resort hotels, a country club, office buildings, a railroad station and school. He died on February 27, 1934 in his home at 1055 Hollywood Boulevard.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Joseph W. Young Jr. was a real estate developer born in 1882. In 1925, Hollywood, Florida was  incorporated as a city, and Young was elected its first mayor. However, Young resigned from the position to develop Port Everglades. Before becoming Mayor of Hollywood, Florida, Young developed the city by creating resort hotels, a country club, office buildings, a railroad station and school. He died on February 27, 1934 in his home at 1055 Hollywood Boulevard."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRobert Drake Hollywood Collection, Broward County Historical Archives, Broward County Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Robert Drake Hollywood Collection, Broward County Historical Archives, Broward County Library."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Robert Drake Collection received file level processing. 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Smith Collection, Circa 1922-2000","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/3aa44c844434bb72164107fe#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eThe Joseph Z. Smith Collection documents Bishop Joseph Z. Smith's career in the Church of God and community organizing and contains 16 photographs of Bishop Joseph Z. Smith and his family and associates and a biographical description.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/3aa44c844434bb72164107fe#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"3aa44c844434bb72164107fe","title_filing_ssi":"Smith, Joseph Z. Collection","title_ssm":["Joseph Z. Smith Collection"],"title_tesim":["Joseph Z. Smith Collection"],"ead_ssi":"3aa44c844434bb72164107fe","unitdate_ssm":["Circa 1922-2000"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Circa 1922-2000"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["BCHA.2000.12","/repositories/4/resources/199"],"text":["BCHA.2000.12","/repositories/4/resources/199","Joseph Z. Smith Collection, Circa 1922-2000","Bahamian Americans","Collection is open for research.","Reverend Joseph Zepheniah \"Papa\" Smith was born on May 16th, 1903 on Long Island, Bahamas who became Bishop and local entrepeneur for the local black community. After a being an educator in the Bahamas he came to work on Flager's railroad. He became part of Fort Lauderdale's Church of God at 211 N.W. 5th Avenue and was recruited to the ministry by the church's founder Bishop J.H. Curry. He married Anna Stirrup in 1922 and had nine children together. He was licensed to pastor \"Colored Churches\" in in Del Ray, Deerfield, Pahokee, Fort Myers, St. Petersburg, Daytona and Dania. After becoming a Bishop in 1942 he was overseer of all Colored Church of God congregations in Indiana, Michigan and Illinois. In 1948 he joined one of the 12 member State of Florida Bishop's Councilman of the Colored Work. His position in church, community, and business affairs lead to cooperation with figures such as Dr. Von. D. Mizell, Sylvia Aldridge, and Sheriff Walter Clark.","The Joseph Z. Smith Collection received container level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection.","The Joseph Z. Smith Collection documents Bishop Joseph Z. Smith's career in the Church of God and community organizing and contains 16 photographs of Bishop Joseph Z. Smith and his family and associates and a biographical description."," Broward County Historical Archives","English"],"unitid_tesim":["BCHA.2000.12","/repositories/4/resources/199"],"normalized_date_ssm":["Circa 1922-2000"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Joseph Z. Smith Collection, Circa 1922-2000"],"collection_title_tesim":["Joseph Z. Smith Collection, Circa 1922-2000"],"collection_ssim":["Joseph Z. Smith Collection, Circa 1922-2000"],"repository_ssm":["Broward County Historical Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Broward County Historical Archives"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Bahamian Americans"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Bahamian Americans"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 Folder"],"extent_tesim":["1 Folder"],"date_range_isim":[1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eReverend Joseph Zepheniah \"Papa\" Smith was born on May 16th, 1903 on Long Island, Bahamas who became Bishop and local entrepeneur for the local black community. After a being an educator in the Bahamas he came to work on Flager's railroad. He became part of Fort Lauderdale's Church of God at 211 N.W. 5th Avenue and was recruited to the ministry by the church's founder Bishop J.H. Curry. He married Anna Stirrup in 1922 and had nine children together. He was licensed to pastor \"Colored Churches\" in in Del Ray, Deerfield, Pahokee, Fort Myers, St. Petersburg, Daytona and Dania. After becoming a Bishop in 1942 he was overseer of all Colored Church of God congregations in Indiana, Michigan and Illinois. In 1948 he joined one of the 12 member State of Florida Bishop's Councilman of the Colored Work. His position in church, community, and business affairs lead to cooperation with figures such as Dr. Von. D. Mizell, Sylvia Aldridge, and Sheriff Walter Clark.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Reverend Joseph Zepheniah \"Papa\" Smith was born on May 16th, 1903 on Long Island, Bahamas who became Bishop and local entrepeneur for the local black community. After a being an educator in the Bahamas he came to work on Flager's railroad. He became part of Fort Lauderdale's Church of God at 211 N.W. 5th Avenue and was recruited to the ministry by the church's founder Bishop J.H. Curry. He married Anna Stirrup in 1922 and had nine children together. He was licensed to pastor \"Colored Churches\" in in Del Ray, Deerfield, Pahokee, Fort Myers, St. Petersburg, Daytona and Dania. After becoming a Bishop in 1942 he was overseer of all Colored Church of God congregations in Indiana, Michigan and Illinois. In 1948 he joined one of the 12 member State of Florida Bishop's Councilman of the Colored Work. His position in church, community, and business affairs lead to cooperation with figures such as Dr. Von. D. Mizell, Sylvia Aldridge, and Sheriff Walter Clark."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJoseph Z. Smith Collection, Broward County Historical Archives, Broward County Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Joseph Z. Smith Collection, Broward County Historical Archives, Broward County Library."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Joseph Z. Smith Collection received container level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The Joseph Z. Smith Collection received container level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Joseph Z. Smith Collection documents Bishop Joseph Z. Smith's career in the Church of God and community organizing and contains 16 photographs of Bishop Joseph Z. Smith and his family and associates and a biographical description.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Joseph Z. Smith Collection documents Bishop Joseph Z. Smith's career in the Church of God and community organizing and contains 16 photographs of Bishop Joseph Z. 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Smith Collection, Circa 1922-2000","Bahamian Americans","Collection is open for research.","Reverend Joseph Zepheniah \"Papa\" Smith was born on May 16th, 1903 on Long Island, Bahamas who became Bishop and local entrepeneur for the local black community. After a being an educator in the Bahamas he came to work on Flager's railroad. He became part of Fort Lauderdale's Church of God at 211 N.W. 5th Avenue and was recruited to the ministry by the church's founder Bishop J.H. Curry. He married Anna Stirrup in 1922 and had nine children together. He was licensed to pastor \"Colored Churches\" in in Del Ray, Deerfield, Pahokee, Fort Myers, St. Petersburg, Daytona and Dania. After becoming a Bishop in 1942 he was overseer of all Colored Church of God congregations in Indiana, Michigan and Illinois. In 1948 he joined one of the 12 member State of Florida Bishop's Councilman of the Colored Work. His position in church, community, and business affairs lead to cooperation with figures such as Dr. Von. D. Mizell, Sylvia Aldridge, and Sheriff Walter Clark.","The Joseph Z. Smith Collection received container level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection.","The Joseph Z. Smith Collection documents Bishop Joseph Z. Smith's career in the Church of God and community organizing and contains 16 photographs of Bishop Joseph Z. Smith and his family and associates and a biographical description."," Broward County Historical Archives","English"],"unitid_tesim":["BCHA.2000.12","/repositories/4/resources/199"],"normalized_date_ssm":["Circa 1922-2000"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Joseph Z. Smith Collection, Circa 1922-2000"],"collection_title_tesim":["Joseph Z. Smith Collection, Circa 1922-2000"],"collection_ssim":["Joseph Z. 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After a being an educator in the Bahamas he came to work on Flager's railroad. He became part of Fort Lauderdale's Church of God at 211 N.W. 5th Avenue and was recruited to the ministry by the church's founder Bishop J.H. Curry. He married Anna Stirrup in 1922 and had nine children together. He was licensed to pastor \"Colored Churches\" in in Del Ray, Deerfield, Pahokee, Fort Myers, St. Petersburg, Daytona and Dania. After becoming a Bishop in 1942 he was overseer of all Colored Church of God congregations in Indiana, Michigan and Illinois. In 1948 he joined one of the 12 member State of Florida Bishop's Councilman of the Colored Work. His position in church, community, and business affairs lead to cooperation with figures such as Dr. Von. D. Mizell, Sylvia Aldridge, and Sheriff Walter Clark.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Reverend Joseph Zepheniah \"Papa\" Smith was born on May 16th, 1903 on Long Island, Bahamas who became Bishop and local entrepeneur for the local black community. After a being an educator in the Bahamas he came to work on Flager's railroad. He became part of Fort Lauderdale's Church of God at 211 N.W. 5th Avenue and was recruited to the ministry by the church's founder Bishop J.H. Curry. He married Anna Stirrup in 1922 and had nine children together. He was licensed to pastor \"Colored Churches\" in in Del Ray, Deerfield, Pahokee, Fort Myers, St. Petersburg, Daytona and Dania. After becoming a Bishop in 1942 he was overseer of all Colored Church of God congregations in Indiana, Michigan and Illinois. In 1948 he joined one of the 12 member State of Florida Bishop's Councilman of the Colored Work. His position in church, community, and business affairs lead to cooperation with figures such as Dr. Von. D. Mizell, Sylvia Aldridge, and Sheriff Walter Clark."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJoseph Z. Smith Collection, Broward County Historical Archives, Broward County Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Joseph Z. Smith Collection, Broward County Historical Archives, Broward County Library."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Joseph Z. Smith Collection received container level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The Joseph Z. Smith Collection received container level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Joseph Z. Smith Collection documents Bishop Joseph Z. Smith's career in the Church of God and community organizing and contains 16 photographs of Bishop Joseph Z. Smith and his family and associates and a biographical description.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Joseph Z. Smith Collection documents Bishop Joseph Z. Smith's career in the Church of God and community organizing and contains 16 photographs of Bishop Joseph Z. Smith and his family and associates and a biographical description."],"names_ssim":[" Broward County Historical Archives"],"corpname_ssim":[" Broward County Historical Archives"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"3aa44c844434bb72164107fe","timestamp":"2026-04-21T02:12:13.626Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/3aa44c844434bb72164107fe"}},{"id":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013","creator":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/725898a1a41349eb30ec365d#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/725898a1a41349eb30ec365d#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["The collection is filled with Cuban history and researched materials on society's past was created by Cuban and American journalist José Guerra Alemán. The materials range from photographs of his travels to cultural sites and countries to personal notes on literature of other scholars' works and his published books. He is most notable of his published four-volume encyclopedia on Cuban history called Cuba Infinita."],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/725898a1a41349eb30ec365d#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","title_ssm":["José Guerra Alemán Collection"],"title_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection"],"ead_ssi":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","unitdate_ssm":["1887-2013"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1887-2013"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC.098","/repositories/4/resources/204"],"text":["SC.098","/repositories/4/resources/204","José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013","Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs","Cuba -- History -- Description and Travel","Cuba -- History -- Pictorial works","correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","The entire collection is open for research.","José Guerra Alemán was born to José Guerra and Herminia Alemán-Valdes on November 20, 1922 in Cuba. He referred to alternative names such as José Guerra Alemán, his initials J.G.A. and his nickname Pepín. Many of his closest friends and family called him as Pepín. His family contained of six members that included his three siblings, Maria Vicenta Guerra, Rafael Luis Guerra, and an eldest brother who his name is unknown. His brother, Rafael L. Guerra was born on November 20, 1926 in Habana, Cuba and died on October 2, 1998 in Miami, Florida. His sister, Maria, was born on June 19, 1924 in Habana, Cuba. A year after her brother's death, she died on February 27, 1999 in Miami, Florida. In her later years, she was a homemaker and she never married.","In his early years, he enrolled in the United States military at the age of 20 in 1942. He participated in the 8th Army (Octavo Ejército) of EE.UU. (United States). He covered the campaign of the Pacific as the 35th Division of Infantry (35 División de Infantería) called División Relámpago (Lightning Division). He finished training in the military at Fort Dix, Burlington County, New Jersey in the Delaware River region on October of 1946.","Once he finished his service, he returned to Cuba and founded a company called CINEPERIODICO in 1947. His motivation of starting this company began from his interest in journalism. At the age of 16, he delved into both journalism and short films/news films. He was one of the editors of Él País, La Habana. These experiences guided him to globally make notorious documentaries and cinematography of actual events and issues. He traveled around the globe. For instance, he registered for a temporary immigration card to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1959 as a journalist. As a result for his traveling, he encountered prominent leaders of various movements.","One of those encounters, José Guerra Alemán climbed the Mountains of Sierra Maestra, in the province of East of the Island of Cuba to interview Fidel Castro and Che Guevara. Under the agency of his company, CINEPERIODICO, he personally knew these men and those who were a part of the guerillas during the Cuban Revolution. In 1950, he worked with José García and Eduardo Hernández (Guayo) in the same company. José Guerra Alemán directed films such as Sangre Y Esperanza: La Cuba de Hoy (Blood and Hope: the Cuba of Today and El Gran Recuento (The Great Story). He also took the position as the Senior Vice President of Guastella Film Producers Inc., an advertising firm in Puerto Rico, where he did similar works until he retired in 1990. This included the creation of historical documentary films.","With his interest in Cuba's history and living at a time of historical changes in Cuba, he wrote extensive materials along those themes. He wrote Aún Hay Luna En Los Cerros, Ensayos (Las Mayorías Discriminadas): En Defensa de la Mujer, Barro y Cenizas (Díalogos con Fidel Castro y el Che Guevara), and Juro Pero No Prometo (Biografía de su Abuelo el General José Braulio Alemán). His major work composes four volumes of encyclopedias called Cuba Infinita. Each book contains specific chronological decades and starts from 1855, when the first photographs of the city were available by American artist Fredericks De Forest, to 1958, when the Republic collapsed. The volumes includes more than a thousand selected photos of the history of Cuba, from colonial times to the Spanish American War. The reader walks through time and gets to see the transformation of Cuba. He included photographs received by family, friends, colleagues and what he collected from his travels. He also was inspired and guided from the work called La Enciclopedia de Cuba.","Understanding where his family came from and knowing the other members of his family tree can provide a part of José Guerra Alemán's identity. Jose Guerra Alemán's maternal bloodline had a huge role in the movement toward Cuba's independence against colonialism and imperialism. His grandfather named José Braulio Guerra Alemán fought in the Spanish-American War as a Cuban Brigadier General and was the principal author to the Constitution of Cuba proclaimed at Yara in 1896. He worked as a lawyer, newspaper owner, advocate of the liberation of Cuba, senator and governor for the province of Las Villas, minister of Education and ambassador to Mexico. His half uncle, José Manuel Alemán, served in the Cuban government as Minister of Education during the presidency of Dr. Ramón Grau San Martin, president of the Authentic Party (Partido Auténtico) in La Habana, and Senator of the Republic. His family went through three generations of leaders and fighters for Cuban independence through revolutions or preserving its history and culture.","He rested on February 22, 2013 in Miami, Florida. He survived his wife named Lidia Llano who he married on September 22, 1945 and left a son named Carlos Guerra Llano. He left a mark of what he had done, significant work in Cuba's history. However, he has not been given as much attention as he deserves in any setting, especially in academia. It is the many aspects of unknown history and researching the people from below like Alemán. He was a Cuban, veteran, journalist, nontraditional historian, and founder of a journalist business.","Materials are housed in acid free folders and boxes; photographs and negatives were placed in clear sleeves; publications removed from the collection and cataloged separately.","Books collected by José Guerra Alemán can be found by performing a series search for \"José Guerra Alemán Collection\" in the UCF Libraries catalog.","This collection was arranged in seven series:","\nSeries I. Manuscripts, 1915-2013, Undated, includes notes that Alemán took on varieties of subjects. His interests ranged from the origin of words and meaning of phrases to his summaries and interpretations of authors' works.","\nSeries II: Research Files, 1898-2012, Undated, holds a combination of newspapers, images, and works of others where Alemán used for the publication of Cuba Infinita and his work on Cuban and Latin American history, involving their relations to other countries.","\nSeries III: Publications, 1987-2008, Undated, contains his writings that has drafts of his published work, his articles from newspapers, and promotional materials advertising his works.","\nSeries IV: Personal Files, 1887-2011, Undated, provides letters between Aleman and his family members and between Aleman and business workers. They share insight of Aleman's genealogy and Aleman's work ethic. Series also includes various maps and postcards. ","\nSeries V: Visual Materials, Circa 1900-Circa 2000, Undated, includes photographs and negatives of José G. Alemán and his relatives; overseas trips as a Journalist; and images of Cuba, cubans, and public buildings. Series also includes a CD of \"Fidel Castro: La Historia Lo Absolvera\" and another CD contains a song from Marisela Verena \"Mi Pinar del Rio\".","\nSeries VI: Memorabilia, 1926-1977, Undated, comprises hats from different places that Aleman travelled, identification cards, and a lottery ticket from Republic of Cuba, 1949.","\nSeries VII: Oversize Materials, 1958-2008, Undated, includes large maps of various countries, posters, a proof sheet for Cuba Infinita, and a game card \"La Charada Cubana.\"","Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder.","The collection is filled with Cuban history and researched materials on society's past was created by Cuban and American journalist José Guerra Alemán. The materials range from photographs of his travels to cultural sites and countries to personal notes on literature of other scholars' works and his published books. He is most notable of his published four-volume encyclopedia on Cuban history called Cuba Infinita.","UCF Special Collections","Guerra Alemán, José","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC.098","/repositories/4/resources/204"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1887-2013"],"normalized_title_ssm":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"collection_title_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"collection_ssim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs"],"geogname_ssim":["Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs"],"creator_ssm":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"creator_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"creators_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"places_ssim":["Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated by Carlos Guerra, José Guerra Alemán's son, to the University of Central Florida Libraries in 2014. (CFM2014_07)"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Cuba -- History -- Description and Travel","Cuba -- History -- Pictorial works","correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Cuba -- History -- Description and Travel","Cuba -- History -- Pictorial works","correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["17.5 Linear Feet 20 boxes, 1 Flat File"],"extent_tesim":["17.5 Linear Feet 20 boxes, 1 Flat File"],"genreform_ssim":["correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints"],"date_range_isim":[1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n was born to Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra and Herminia Alem\u0026#xE1;n-Valdes on November 20, 1922 in Cuba. He referred to alternative names such as Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n, his initials J.G.A. and his nickname Pep\u0026#xED;n. Many of his closest friends and family called him as Pep\u0026#xED;n. His family contained of six members that included his three siblings, Maria Vicenta Guerra, Rafael Luis Guerra, and an eldest brother who his name is unknown. His brother, Rafael L. Guerra was born on November 20, 1926 in Habana, Cuba and died on October 2, 1998 in Miami, Florida. His sister, Maria, was born on June 19, 1924 in Habana, Cuba. A year after her brother's death, she died on February 27, 1999 in Miami, Florida. In her later years, she was a homemaker and she never married.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn his early years, he enrolled in the United States military at the age of 20 in 1942. He participated in the 8th Army (Octavo Ej\u0026#xE9;rcito) of EE.UU. (United States). He covered the campaign of the Pacific as the 35th Division of Infantry (35 Divisi\u0026#xF3;n de Infanter\u0026#xED;a) called Divisi\u0026#xF3;n Rel\u0026#xE1;mpago (Lightning Division). He finished training in the military at Fort Dix, Burlington County, New Jersey in the Delaware River region on October of 1946.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOnce he finished his service, he returned to Cuba and founded a company called CINEPERIODICO in 1947. His motivation of starting this company began from his interest in journalism. At the age of 16, he delved into both journalism and short films/news films. He was one of the editors of \u0026#xC9;l Pa\u0026#xED;s, La Habana. These experiences guided him to globally make notorious documentaries and cinematography of actual events and issues. He traveled around the globe. For instance, he registered for a temporary immigration card to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1959 as a journalist. As a result for his traveling, he encountered prominent leaders of various movements.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOne of those encounters, Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n climbed the Mountains of Sierra Maestra, in the province of East of the Island of Cuba to interview Fidel Castro and Che Guevara. Under the agency of his company, CINEPERIODICO, he personally knew these men and those who were a part of the guerillas during the Cuban Revolution. In 1950, he worked with Jos\u0026#xE9; Garc\u0026#xED;a and Eduardo Hern\u0026#xE1;ndez (Guayo) in the same company. Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n directed films such as Sangre Y Esperanza: La Cuba de Hoy (Blood and Hope: the Cuba of Today and El Gran Recuento (The Great Story). He also took the position as the Senior Vice President of Guastella Film Producers Inc., an advertising firm in Puerto Rico, where he did similar works until he retired in 1990. This included the creation of historical documentary films.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWith his interest in Cuba's history and living at a time of historical changes in Cuba, he wrote extensive materials along those themes. He wrote A\u0026#xFA;n Hay Luna En Los Cerros, Ensayos (Las Mayor\u0026#xED;as Discriminadas): En Defensa de la Mujer, Barro y Cenizas (D\u0026#xED;alogos con Fidel Castro y el Che Guevara), and Juro Pero No Prometo (Biograf\u0026#xED;a de su Abuelo el General Jos\u0026#xE9; Braulio Alem\u0026#xE1;n). His major work composes four volumes of encyclopedias called Cuba Infinita. Each book contains specific chronological decades and starts from 1855, when the first photographs of the city were available by American artist Fredericks De Forest, to 1958, when the Republic collapsed. The volumes includes more than a thousand selected photos of the history of Cuba, from colonial times to the Spanish American War. The reader walks through time and gets to see the transformation of Cuba. He included photographs received by family, friends, colleagues and what he collected from his travels. He also was inspired and guided from the work called La Enciclopedia de Cuba.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUnderstanding where his family came from and knowing the other members of his family tree can provide a part of Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n's identity. Jose Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n's maternal bloodline had a huge role in the movement toward Cuba's independence against colonialism and imperialism. His grandfather named Jos\u0026#xE9; Braulio Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n fought in the Spanish-American War as a Cuban Brigadier General and was the principal author to the Constitution of Cuba proclaimed at Yara in 1896. He worked as a lawyer, newspaper owner, advocate of the liberation of Cuba, senator and governor for the province of Las Villas, minister of Education and ambassador to Mexico. His half uncle, Jos\u0026#xE9; Manuel Alem\u0026#xE1;n, served in the Cuban government as Minister of Education during the presidency of Dr. Ram\u0026#xF3;n Grau San Martin, president of the Authentic Party (Partido Aut\u0026#xE9;ntico) in La Habana, and Senator of the Republic. His family went through three generations of leaders and fighters for Cuban independence through revolutions or preserving its history and culture.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe rested on February 22, 2013 in Miami, Florida. He survived his wife named Lidia Llano who he married on September 22, 1945 and left a son named Carlos Guerra Llano. He left a mark of what he had done, significant work in Cuba's history. However, he has not been given as much attention as he deserves in any setting, especially in academia. It is the many aspects of unknown history and researching the people from below like Alem\u0026#xE1;n. He was a Cuban, veteran, journalist, nontraditional historian, and founder of a journalist business.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán was born to José Guerra and Herminia Alemán-Valdes on November 20, 1922 in Cuba. He referred to alternative names such as José Guerra Alemán, his initials J.G.A. and his nickname Pepín. Many of his closest friends and family called him as Pepín. His family contained of six members that included his three siblings, Maria Vicenta Guerra, Rafael Luis Guerra, and an eldest brother who his name is unknown. His brother, Rafael L. Guerra was born on November 20, 1926 in Habana, Cuba and died on October 2, 1998 in Miami, Florida. His sister, Maria, was born on June 19, 1924 in Habana, Cuba. A year after her brother's death, she died on February 27, 1999 in Miami, Florida. In her later years, she was a homemaker and she never married.","In his early years, he enrolled in the United States military at the age of 20 in 1942. He participated in the 8th Army (Octavo Ejército) of EE.UU. (United States). He covered the campaign of the Pacific as the 35th Division of Infantry (35 División de Infantería) called División Relámpago (Lightning Division). He finished training in the military at Fort Dix, Burlington County, New Jersey in the Delaware River region on October of 1946.","Once he finished his service, he returned to Cuba and founded a company called CINEPERIODICO in 1947. His motivation of starting this company began from his interest in journalism. At the age of 16, he delved into both journalism and short films/news films. He was one of the editors of Él País, La Habana. These experiences guided him to globally make notorious documentaries and cinematography of actual events and issues. He traveled around the globe. For instance, he registered for a temporary immigration card to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1959 as a journalist. As a result for his traveling, he encountered prominent leaders of various movements.","One of those encounters, José Guerra Alemán climbed the Mountains of Sierra Maestra, in the province of East of the Island of Cuba to interview Fidel Castro and Che Guevara. Under the agency of his company, CINEPERIODICO, he personally knew these men and those who were a part of the guerillas during the Cuban Revolution. In 1950, he worked with José García and Eduardo Hernández (Guayo) in the same company. José Guerra Alemán directed films such as Sangre Y Esperanza: La Cuba de Hoy (Blood and Hope: the Cuba of Today and El Gran Recuento (The Great Story). He also took the position as the Senior Vice President of Guastella Film Producers Inc., an advertising firm in Puerto Rico, where he did similar works until he retired in 1990. This included the creation of historical documentary films.","With his interest in Cuba's history and living at a time of historical changes in Cuba, he wrote extensive materials along those themes. He wrote Aún Hay Luna En Los Cerros, Ensayos (Las Mayorías Discriminadas): En Defensa de la Mujer, Barro y Cenizas (Díalogos con Fidel Castro y el Che Guevara), and Juro Pero No Prometo (Biografía de su Abuelo el General José Braulio Alemán). His major work composes four volumes of encyclopedias called Cuba Infinita. Each book contains specific chronological decades and starts from 1855, when the first photographs of the city were available by American artist Fredericks De Forest, to 1958, when the Republic collapsed. The volumes includes more than a thousand selected photos of the history of Cuba, from colonial times to the Spanish American War. The reader walks through time and gets to see the transformation of Cuba. He included photographs received by family, friends, colleagues and what he collected from his travels. He also was inspired and guided from the work called La Enciclopedia de Cuba.","Understanding where his family came from and knowing the other members of his family tree can provide a part of José Guerra Alemán's identity. Jose Guerra Alemán's maternal bloodline had a huge role in the movement toward Cuba's independence against colonialism and imperialism. His grandfather named José Braulio Guerra Alemán fought in the Spanish-American War as a Cuban Brigadier General and was the principal author to the Constitution of Cuba proclaimed at Yara in 1896. He worked as a lawyer, newspaper owner, advocate of the liberation of Cuba, senator and governor for the province of Las Villas, minister of Education and ambassador to Mexico. His half uncle, José Manuel Alemán, served in the Cuban government as Minister of Education during the presidency of Dr. Ramón Grau San Martin, president of the Authentic Party (Partido Auténtico) in La Habana, and Senator of the Republic. His family went through three generations of leaders and fighters for Cuban independence through revolutions or preserving its history and culture.","He rested on February 22, 2013 in Miami, Florida. He survived his wife named Lidia Llano who he married on September 22, 1945 and left a son named Carlos Guerra Llano. He left a mark of what he had done, significant work in Cuba's history. However, he has not been given as much attention as he deserves in any setting, especially in academia. It is the many aspects of unknown history and researching the people from below like Alemán. He was a Cuban, veteran, journalist, nontraditional historian, and founder of a journalist business."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n Collection, Special Collections and UniversityArchives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, Special Collections and UniversityArchives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials are housed in acid free folders and boxes; photographs and negatives were placed in clear sleeves; publications removed from the collection and cataloged separately.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Materials are housed in acid free folders and boxes; photographs and negatives were placed in clear sleeves; publications removed from the collection and cataloged separately."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBooks collected by Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n can be found by performing a series search for \"Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n Collection\" in the UCF Libraries catalog.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Books collected by José Guerra Alemán can be found by performing a series search for \"José Guerra Alemán Collection\" in the UCF Libraries catalog."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection was arranged in seven series:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries I. Manuscripts, 1915-2013, Undated, includes notes that Alem\u0026#xE1;n took on varieties of subjects. His interests ranged from the origin of words and meaning of phrases to his summaries and interpretations of authors' works.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries II: Research Files, 1898-2012, Undated, holds a combination of newspapers, images, and works of others where Alem\u0026#xE1;n used for the publication of Cuba Infinita and his work on Cuban and Latin American history, involving their relations to other countries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries III: Publications, 1987-2008, Undated, contains his writings that has drafts of his published work, his articles from newspapers, and promotional materials advertising his works.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries IV: Personal Files, 1887-2011, Undated, provides letters between Aleman and his family members and between Aleman and business workers. They share insight of Aleman's genealogy and Aleman's work ethic. Series also includes various maps and postcards. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries V: Visual Materials, Circa 1900-Circa 2000, Undated, includes photographs and negatives of Jos\u0026#xE9; G. Alem\u0026#xE1;n and his relatives; overseas trips as a Journalist; and images of Cuba, cubans, and public buildings. Series also includes a CD of \"Fidel Castro: La Historia Lo Absolvera\" and another CD contains a song from Marisela Verena \"Mi Pinar del Rio\".\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VI: Memorabilia, 1926-1977, Undated, comprises hats from different places that Aleman travelled, identification cards, and a lottery ticket from Republic of Cuba, 1949.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VII: Oversize Materials, 1958-2008, Undated, includes large maps of various countries, posters, a proof sheet for Cuba Infinita, and a game card \"La Charada Cubana.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection was arranged in seven series:","\nSeries I. Manuscripts, 1915-2013, Undated, includes notes that Alemán took on varieties of subjects. His interests ranged from the origin of words and meaning of phrases to his summaries and interpretations of authors' works.","\nSeries II: Research Files, 1898-2012, Undated, holds a combination of newspapers, images, and works of others where Alemán used for the publication of Cuba Infinita and his work on Cuban and Latin American history, involving their relations to other countries.","\nSeries III: Publications, 1987-2008, Undated, contains his writings that has drafts of his published work, his articles from newspapers, and promotional materials advertising his works.","\nSeries IV: Personal Files, 1887-2011, Undated, provides letters between Aleman and his family members and between Aleman and business workers. They share insight of Aleman's genealogy and Aleman's work ethic. Series also includes various maps and postcards. ","\nSeries V: Visual Materials, Circa 1900-Circa 2000, Undated, includes photographs and negatives of José G. Alemán and his relatives; overseas trips as a Journalist; and images of Cuba, cubans, and public buildings. Series also includes a CD of \"Fidel Castro: La Historia Lo Absolvera\" and another CD contains a song from Marisela Verena \"Mi Pinar del Rio\".","\nSeries VI: Memorabilia, 1926-1977, Undated, comprises hats from different places that Aleman travelled, identification cards, and a lottery ticket from Republic of Cuba, 1949.","\nSeries VII: Oversize Materials, 1958-2008, Undated, includes large maps of various countries, posters, a proof sheet for Cuba Infinita, and a game card \"La Charada Cubana.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e4d41ff341ce7470c0d40282c3f71dd8\"\u003eThe collection is filled with Cuban history and researched materials on society's past was created by Cuban and American journalist Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n. The materials range from photographs of his travels to cultural sites and countries to personal notes on literature of other scholars' works and his published books. He is most notable of his published four-volume encyclopedia on Cuban history called Cuba Infinita.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection is filled with Cuban history and researched materials on society's past was created by Cuban and American journalist José Guerra Alemán. The materials range from photographs of his travels to cultural sites and countries to personal notes on literature of other scholars' works and his published books. He is most notable of his published four-volume encyclopedia on Cuban history called Cuba Infinita."],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Guerra Alemán, José"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":282,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870857755411087360,"_root_":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:03:10.972Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","title_ssm":["José Guerra Alemán Collection"],"title_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection"],"ead_ssi":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","unitdate_ssm":["1887-2013"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1887-2013"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC.098","/repositories/4/resources/204"],"text":["SC.098","/repositories/4/resources/204","José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013","Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs","Cuba -- History -- Description and Travel","Cuba -- History -- Pictorial works","correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","The entire collection is open for research.","José Guerra Alemán was born to José Guerra and Herminia Alemán-Valdes on November 20, 1922 in Cuba. He referred to alternative names such as José Guerra Alemán, his initials J.G.A. and his nickname Pepín. Many of his closest friends and family called him as Pepín. His family contained of six members that included his three siblings, Maria Vicenta Guerra, Rafael Luis Guerra, and an eldest brother who his name is unknown. His brother, Rafael L. Guerra was born on November 20, 1926 in Habana, Cuba and died on October 2, 1998 in Miami, Florida. His sister, Maria, was born on June 19, 1924 in Habana, Cuba. A year after her brother's death, she died on February 27, 1999 in Miami, Florida. In her later years, she was a homemaker and she never married.","In his early years, he enrolled in the United States military at the age of 20 in 1942. He participated in the 8th Army (Octavo Ejército) of EE.UU. (United States). He covered the campaign of the Pacific as the 35th Division of Infantry (35 División de Infantería) called División Relámpago (Lightning Division). He finished training in the military at Fort Dix, Burlington County, New Jersey in the Delaware River region on October of 1946.","Once he finished his service, he returned to Cuba and founded a company called CINEPERIODICO in 1947. His motivation of starting this company began from his interest in journalism. At the age of 16, he delved into both journalism and short films/news films. He was one of the editors of Él País, La Habana. These experiences guided him to globally make notorious documentaries and cinematography of actual events and issues. He traveled around the globe. For instance, he registered for a temporary immigration card to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1959 as a journalist. As a result for his traveling, he encountered prominent leaders of various movements.","One of those encounters, José Guerra Alemán climbed the Mountains of Sierra Maestra, in the province of East of the Island of Cuba to interview Fidel Castro and Che Guevara. Under the agency of his company, CINEPERIODICO, he personally knew these men and those who were a part of the guerillas during the Cuban Revolution. In 1950, he worked with José García and Eduardo Hernández (Guayo) in the same company. José Guerra Alemán directed films such as Sangre Y Esperanza: La Cuba de Hoy (Blood and Hope: the Cuba of Today and El Gran Recuento (The Great Story). He also took the position as the Senior Vice President of Guastella Film Producers Inc., an advertising firm in Puerto Rico, where he did similar works until he retired in 1990. This included the creation of historical documentary films.","With his interest in Cuba's history and living at a time of historical changes in Cuba, he wrote extensive materials along those themes. He wrote Aún Hay Luna En Los Cerros, Ensayos (Las Mayorías Discriminadas): En Defensa de la Mujer, Barro y Cenizas (Díalogos con Fidel Castro y el Che Guevara), and Juro Pero No Prometo (Biografía de su Abuelo el General José Braulio Alemán). His major work composes four volumes of encyclopedias called Cuba Infinita. Each book contains specific chronological decades and starts from 1855, when the first photographs of the city were available by American artist Fredericks De Forest, to 1958, when the Republic collapsed. The volumes includes more than a thousand selected photos of the history of Cuba, from colonial times to the Spanish American War. The reader walks through time and gets to see the transformation of Cuba. He included photographs received by family, friends, colleagues and what he collected from his travels. He also was inspired and guided from the work called La Enciclopedia de Cuba.","Understanding where his family came from and knowing the other members of his family tree can provide a part of José Guerra Alemán's identity. Jose Guerra Alemán's maternal bloodline had a huge role in the movement toward Cuba's independence against colonialism and imperialism. His grandfather named José Braulio Guerra Alemán fought in the Spanish-American War as a Cuban Brigadier General and was the principal author to the Constitution of Cuba proclaimed at Yara in 1896. He worked as a lawyer, newspaper owner, advocate of the liberation of Cuba, senator and governor for the province of Las Villas, minister of Education and ambassador to Mexico. His half uncle, José Manuel Alemán, served in the Cuban government as Minister of Education during the presidency of Dr. Ramón Grau San Martin, president of the Authentic Party (Partido Auténtico) in La Habana, and Senator of the Republic. His family went through three generations of leaders and fighters for Cuban independence through revolutions or preserving its history and culture.","He rested on February 22, 2013 in Miami, Florida. He survived his wife named Lidia Llano who he married on September 22, 1945 and left a son named Carlos Guerra Llano. He left a mark of what he had done, significant work in Cuba's history. However, he has not been given as much attention as he deserves in any setting, especially in academia. It is the many aspects of unknown history and researching the people from below like Alemán. He was a Cuban, veteran, journalist, nontraditional historian, and founder of a journalist business.","Materials are housed in acid free folders and boxes; photographs and negatives were placed in clear sleeves; publications removed from the collection and cataloged separately.","Books collected by José Guerra Alemán can be found by performing a series search for \"José Guerra Alemán Collection\" in the UCF Libraries catalog.","This collection was arranged in seven series:","\nSeries I. Manuscripts, 1915-2013, Undated, includes notes that Alemán took on varieties of subjects. His interests ranged from the origin of words and meaning of phrases to his summaries and interpretations of authors' works.","\nSeries II: Research Files, 1898-2012, Undated, holds a combination of newspapers, images, and works of others where Alemán used for the publication of Cuba Infinita and his work on Cuban and Latin American history, involving their relations to other countries.","\nSeries III: Publications, 1987-2008, Undated, contains his writings that has drafts of his published work, his articles from newspapers, and promotional materials advertising his works.","\nSeries IV: Personal Files, 1887-2011, Undated, provides letters between Aleman and his family members and between Aleman and business workers. They share insight of Aleman's genealogy and Aleman's work ethic. Series also includes various maps and postcards. ","\nSeries V: Visual Materials, Circa 1900-Circa 2000, Undated, includes photographs and negatives of José G. Alemán and his relatives; overseas trips as a Journalist; and images of Cuba, cubans, and public buildings. Series also includes a CD of \"Fidel Castro: La Historia Lo Absolvera\" and another CD contains a song from Marisela Verena \"Mi Pinar del Rio\".","\nSeries VI: Memorabilia, 1926-1977, Undated, comprises hats from different places that Aleman travelled, identification cards, and a lottery ticket from Republic of Cuba, 1949.","\nSeries VII: Oversize Materials, 1958-2008, Undated, includes large maps of various countries, posters, a proof sheet for Cuba Infinita, and a game card \"La Charada Cubana.\"","Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder.","The collection is filled with Cuban history and researched materials on society's past was created by Cuban and American journalist José Guerra Alemán. The materials range from photographs of his travels to cultural sites and countries to personal notes on literature of other scholars' works and his published books. He is most notable of his published four-volume encyclopedia on Cuban history called Cuba Infinita.","UCF Special Collections","Guerra Alemán, José","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC.098","/repositories/4/resources/204"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1887-2013"],"normalized_title_ssm":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"collection_title_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"collection_ssim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, 1887-2013"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs"],"geogname_ssim":["Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs"],"creator_ssm":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"creator_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"creators_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"places_ssim":["Cuba","Cuba -- History -- Revolution","Cuba -- Social life and customs"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated by Carlos Guerra, José Guerra Alemán's son, to the University of Central Florida Libraries in 2014. (CFM2014_07)"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Cuba -- History -- Description and Travel","Cuba -- History -- Pictorial works","correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Cuba -- History -- Description and Travel","Cuba -- History -- Pictorial works","correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["17.5 Linear Feet 20 boxes, 1 Flat File"],"extent_tesim":["17.5 Linear Feet 20 boxes, 1 Flat File"],"genreform_ssim":["correspondence","newspaper clippings","manuscripts (documents)","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints"],"date_range_isim":[1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n was born to Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra and Herminia Alem\u0026#xE1;n-Valdes on November 20, 1922 in Cuba. He referred to alternative names such as Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n, his initials J.G.A. and his nickname Pep\u0026#xED;n. Many of his closest friends and family called him as Pep\u0026#xED;n. His family contained of six members that included his three siblings, Maria Vicenta Guerra, Rafael Luis Guerra, and an eldest brother who his name is unknown. His brother, Rafael L. Guerra was born on November 20, 1926 in Habana, Cuba and died on October 2, 1998 in Miami, Florida. His sister, Maria, was born on June 19, 1924 in Habana, Cuba. A year after her brother's death, she died on February 27, 1999 in Miami, Florida. In her later years, she was a homemaker and she never married.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn his early years, he enrolled in the United States military at the age of 20 in 1942. He participated in the 8th Army (Octavo Ej\u0026#xE9;rcito) of EE.UU. (United States). He covered the campaign of the Pacific as the 35th Division of Infantry (35 Divisi\u0026#xF3;n de Infanter\u0026#xED;a) called Divisi\u0026#xF3;n Rel\u0026#xE1;mpago (Lightning Division). He finished training in the military at Fort Dix, Burlington County, New Jersey in the Delaware River region on October of 1946.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOnce he finished his service, he returned to Cuba and founded a company called CINEPERIODICO in 1947. His motivation of starting this company began from his interest in journalism. At the age of 16, he delved into both journalism and short films/news films. He was one of the editors of \u0026#xC9;l Pa\u0026#xED;s, La Habana. These experiences guided him to globally make notorious documentaries and cinematography of actual events and issues. He traveled around the globe. For instance, he registered for a temporary immigration card to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1959 as a journalist. As a result for his traveling, he encountered prominent leaders of various movements.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOne of those encounters, Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n climbed the Mountains of Sierra Maestra, in the province of East of the Island of Cuba to interview Fidel Castro and Che Guevara. Under the agency of his company, CINEPERIODICO, he personally knew these men and those who were a part of the guerillas during the Cuban Revolution. In 1950, he worked with Jos\u0026#xE9; Garc\u0026#xED;a and Eduardo Hern\u0026#xE1;ndez (Guayo) in the same company. Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n directed films such as Sangre Y Esperanza: La Cuba de Hoy (Blood and Hope: the Cuba of Today and El Gran Recuento (The Great Story). He also took the position as the Senior Vice President of Guastella Film Producers Inc., an advertising firm in Puerto Rico, where he did similar works until he retired in 1990. This included the creation of historical documentary films.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWith his interest in Cuba's history and living at a time of historical changes in Cuba, he wrote extensive materials along those themes. He wrote A\u0026#xFA;n Hay Luna En Los Cerros, Ensayos (Las Mayor\u0026#xED;as Discriminadas): En Defensa de la Mujer, Barro y Cenizas (D\u0026#xED;alogos con Fidel Castro y el Che Guevara), and Juro Pero No Prometo (Biograf\u0026#xED;a de su Abuelo el General Jos\u0026#xE9; Braulio Alem\u0026#xE1;n). His major work composes four volumes of encyclopedias called Cuba Infinita. Each book contains specific chronological decades and starts from 1855, when the first photographs of the city were available by American artist Fredericks De Forest, to 1958, when the Republic collapsed. The volumes includes more than a thousand selected photos of the history of Cuba, from colonial times to the Spanish American War. The reader walks through time and gets to see the transformation of Cuba. He included photographs received by family, friends, colleagues and what he collected from his travels. He also was inspired and guided from the work called La Enciclopedia de Cuba.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUnderstanding where his family came from and knowing the other members of his family tree can provide a part of Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n's identity. Jose Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n's maternal bloodline had a huge role in the movement toward Cuba's independence against colonialism and imperialism. His grandfather named Jos\u0026#xE9; Braulio Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n fought in the Spanish-American War as a Cuban Brigadier General and was the principal author to the Constitution of Cuba proclaimed at Yara in 1896. He worked as a lawyer, newspaper owner, advocate of the liberation of Cuba, senator and governor for the province of Las Villas, minister of Education and ambassador to Mexico. His half uncle, Jos\u0026#xE9; Manuel Alem\u0026#xE1;n, served in the Cuban government as Minister of Education during the presidency of Dr. Ram\u0026#xF3;n Grau San Martin, president of the Authentic Party (Partido Aut\u0026#xE9;ntico) in La Habana, and Senator of the Republic. His family went through three generations of leaders and fighters for Cuban independence through revolutions or preserving its history and culture.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe rested on February 22, 2013 in Miami, Florida. He survived his wife named Lidia Llano who he married on September 22, 1945 and left a son named Carlos Guerra Llano. He left a mark of what he had done, significant work in Cuba's history. However, he has not been given as much attention as he deserves in any setting, especially in academia. It is the many aspects of unknown history and researching the people from below like Alem\u0026#xE1;n. He was a Cuban, veteran, journalist, nontraditional historian, and founder of a journalist business.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán was born to José Guerra and Herminia Alemán-Valdes on November 20, 1922 in Cuba. He referred to alternative names such as José Guerra Alemán, his initials J.G.A. and his nickname Pepín. Many of his closest friends and family called him as Pepín. His family contained of six members that included his three siblings, Maria Vicenta Guerra, Rafael Luis Guerra, and an eldest brother who his name is unknown. His brother, Rafael L. Guerra was born on November 20, 1926 in Habana, Cuba and died on October 2, 1998 in Miami, Florida. His sister, Maria, was born on June 19, 1924 in Habana, Cuba. A year after her brother's death, she died on February 27, 1999 in Miami, Florida. In her later years, she was a homemaker and she never married.","In his early years, he enrolled in the United States military at the age of 20 in 1942. He participated in the 8th Army (Octavo Ejército) of EE.UU. (United States). He covered the campaign of the Pacific as the 35th Division of Infantry (35 División de Infantería) called División Relámpago (Lightning Division). He finished training in the military at Fort Dix, Burlington County, New Jersey in the Delaware River region on October of 1946.","Once he finished his service, he returned to Cuba and founded a company called CINEPERIODICO in 1947. His motivation of starting this company began from his interest in journalism. At the age of 16, he delved into both journalism and short films/news films. He was one of the editors of Él País, La Habana. These experiences guided him to globally make notorious documentaries and cinematography of actual events and issues. He traveled around the globe. For instance, he registered for a temporary immigration card to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1959 as a journalist. As a result for his traveling, he encountered prominent leaders of various movements.","One of those encounters, José Guerra Alemán climbed the Mountains of Sierra Maestra, in the province of East of the Island of Cuba to interview Fidel Castro and Che Guevara. Under the agency of his company, CINEPERIODICO, he personally knew these men and those who were a part of the guerillas during the Cuban Revolution. In 1950, he worked with José García and Eduardo Hernández (Guayo) in the same company. José Guerra Alemán directed films such as Sangre Y Esperanza: La Cuba de Hoy (Blood and Hope: the Cuba of Today and El Gran Recuento (The Great Story). He also took the position as the Senior Vice President of Guastella Film Producers Inc., an advertising firm in Puerto Rico, where he did similar works until he retired in 1990. This included the creation of historical documentary films.","With his interest in Cuba's history and living at a time of historical changes in Cuba, he wrote extensive materials along those themes. He wrote Aún Hay Luna En Los Cerros, Ensayos (Las Mayorías Discriminadas): En Defensa de la Mujer, Barro y Cenizas (Díalogos con Fidel Castro y el Che Guevara), and Juro Pero No Prometo (Biografía de su Abuelo el General José Braulio Alemán). His major work composes four volumes of encyclopedias called Cuba Infinita. Each book contains specific chronological decades and starts from 1855, when the first photographs of the city were available by American artist Fredericks De Forest, to 1958, when the Republic collapsed. The volumes includes more than a thousand selected photos of the history of Cuba, from colonial times to the Spanish American War. The reader walks through time and gets to see the transformation of Cuba. He included photographs received by family, friends, colleagues and what he collected from his travels. He also was inspired and guided from the work called La Enciclopedia de Cuba.","Understanding where his family came from and knowing the other members of his family tree can provide a part of José Guerra Alemán's identity. Jose Guerra Alemán's maternal bloodline had a huge role in the movement toward Cuba's independence against colonialism and imperialism. His grandfather named José Braulio Guerra Alemán fought in the Spanish-American War as a Cuban Brigadier General and was the principal author to the Constitution of Cuba proclaimed at Yara in 1896. He worked as a lawyer, newspaper owner, advocate of the liberation of Cuba, senator and governor for the province of Las Villas, minister of Education and ambassador to Mexico. His half uncle, José Manuel Alemán, served in the Cuban government as Minister of Education during the presidency of Dr. Ramón Grau San Martin, president of the Authentic Party (Partido Auténtico) in La Habana, and Senator of the Republic. His family went through three generations of leaders and fighters for Cuban independence through revolutions or preserving its history and culture.","He rested on February 22, 2013 in Miami, Florida. He survived his wife named Lidia Llano who he married on September 22, 1945 and left a son named Carlos Guerra Llano. He left a mark of what he had done, significant work in Cuba's history. However, he has not been given as much attention as he deserves in any setting, especially in academia. It is the many aspects of unknown history and researching the people from below like Alemán. He was a Cuban, veteran, journalist, nontraditional historian, and founder of a journalist business."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n Collection, Special Collections and UniversityArchives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["José Guerra Alemán Collection, Special Collections and UniversityArchives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials are housed in acid free folders and boxes; photographs and negatives were placed in clear sleeves; publications removed from the collection and cataloged separately.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Materials are housed in acid free folders and boxes; photographs and negatives were placed in clear sleeves; publications removed from the collection and cataloged separately."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBooks collected by Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n can be found by performing a series search for \"Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n Collection\" in the UCF Libraries catalog.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Books collected by José Guerra Alemán can be found by performing a series search for \"José Guerra Alemán Collection\" in the UCF Libraries catalog."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection was arranged in seven series:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries I. Manuscripts, 1915-2013, Undated, includes notes that Alem\u0026#xE1;n took on varieties of subjects. His interests ranged from the origin of words and meaning of phrases to his summaries and interpretations of authors' works.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries II: Research Files, 1898-2012, Undated, holds a combination of newspapers, images, and works of others where Alem\u0026#xE1;n used for the publication of Cuba Infinita and his work on Cuban and Latin American history, involving their relations to other countries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries III: Publications, 1987-2008, Undated, contains his writings that has drafts of his published work, his articles from newspapers, and promotional materials advertising his works.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries IV: Personal Files, 1887-2011, Undated, provides letters between Aleman and his family members and between Aleman and business workers. They share insight of Aleman's genealogy and Aleman's work ethic. Series also includes various maps and postcards. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries V: Visual Materials, Circa 1900-Circa 2000, Undated, includes photographs and negatives of Jos\u0026#xE9; G. Alem\u0026#xE1;n and his relatives; overseas trips as a Journalist; and images of Cuba, cubans, and public buildings. Series also includes a CD of \"Fidel Castro: La Historia Lo Absolvera\" and another CD contains a song from Marisela Verena \"Mi Pinar del Rio\".\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VI: Memorabilia, 1926-1977, Undated, comprises hats from different places that Aleman travelled, identification cards, and a lottery ticket from Republic of Cuba, 1949.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VII: Oversize Materials, 1958-2008, Undated, includes large maps of various countries, posters, a proof sheet for Cuba Infinita, and a game card \"La Charada Cubana.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection was arranged in seven series:","\nSeries I. Manuscripts, 1915-2013, Undated, includes notes that Alemán took on varieties of subjects. His interests ranged from the origin of words and meaning of phrases to his summaries and interpretations of authors' works.","\nSeries II: Research Files, 1898-2012, Undated, holds a combination of newspapers, images, and works of others where Alemán used for the publication of Cuba Infinita and his work on Cuban and Latin American history, involving their relations to other countries.","\nSeries III: Publications, 1987-2008, Undated, contains his writings that has drafts of his published work, his articles from newspapers, and promotional materials advertising his works.","\nSeries IV: Personal Files, 1887-2011, Undated, provides letters between Aleman and his family members and between Aleman and business workers. They share insight of Aleman's genealogy and Aleman's work ethic. Series also includes various maps and postcards. ","\nSeries V: Visual Materials, Circa 1900-Circa 2000, Undated, includes photographs and negatives of José G. Alemán and his relatives; overseas trips as a Journalist; and images of Cuba, cubans, and public buildings. Series also includes a CD of \"Fidel Castro: La Historia Lo Absolvera\" and another CD contains a song from Marisela Verena \"Mi Pinar del Rio\".","\nSeries VI: Memorabilia, 1926-1977, Undated, comprises hats from different places that Aleman travelled, identification cards, and a lottery ticket from Republic of Cuba, 1949.","\nSeries VII: Oversize Materials, 1958-2008, Undated, includes large maps of various countries, posters, a proof sheet for Cuba Infinita, and a game card \"La Charada Cubana.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission topublish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and thecopyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e4d41ff341ce7470c0d40282c3f71dd8\"\u003eThe collection is filled with Cuban history and researched materials on society's past was created by Cuban and American journalist Jos\u0026#xE9; Guerra Alem\u0026#xE1;n. The materials range from photographs of his travels to cultural sites and countries to personal notes on literature of other scholars' works and his published books. He is most notable of his published four-volume encyclopedia on Cuban history called Cuba Infinita.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection is filled with Cuban history and researched materials on society's past was created by Cuban and American journalist José Guerra Alemán. The materials range from photographs of his travels to cultural sites and countries to personal notes on literature of other scholars' works and his published books. He is most notable of his published four-volume encyclopedia on Cuban history called Cuba Infinita."],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Guerra Alemán, José"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Guerra Alemán, José"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":282,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870857755411087360,"_root_":"725898a1a41349eb30ec365d","timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:03:10.972Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/725898a1a41349eb30ec365d"}},{"id":"862f8e7a3474d88fee55fb06","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"José Luis Avellanal collection, 1907-1981","creator":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/862f8e7a3474d88fee55fb06#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["Avellanal, Jose Luis (Jose Luis Avellanal y Jimenez) (1903-1982)"],"label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/862f8e7a3474d88fee55fb06#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection reflects the lives and activities of the Avellanals, a prominent pioneering Ybor City family, with the bulk of the collection documenting the life and career of Lt. General José Luis Avellanal y Jimenez. Among the papers in the collection are pamphlets, diaries, ledgers, correspondence, invoices and receipts, contracts, real estate title abstracts, lawsuits (including testimonies), certificates, photographs, corporate minutes, audits, medical reports, patents, stock certificates, newspaper clippings, and a small number of artifacts.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/862f8e7a3474d88fee55fb06#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"862f8e7a3474d88fee55fb06","title_ssm":["José Luis Avellanal collection"],"title_tesim":["José Luis Avellanal collection"],"ead_ssi":"862f8e7a3474d88fee55fb06","unitdate_ssm":["1907-1981"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1907-1981"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-1984-01","/repositories/2/resources/183"],"text":["MS-1984-01","/repositories/2/resources/183","José Luis Avellanal collection, 1907-1981","Ybor City (Tampa, Fla.) -- Social life and customs","El Pasaje Hotel (Tampa, Fla.)","Immigrants -- Florida -- History","The collection is arranged within series by subject.","José Luis Avellanal y Jimenez was born on October 3, 1903 to Concepción Jimenez and Dr. José Ramon Avellanal, a prominent Ybor City physician who was also the founder of El Bien Público Clinic.","From a very young age, José Luis was a major source of worry to his parents. Among his father's numerous patients  was a neighborhood boy treated for ocular damage after being shot in the eye by the young Avellanal, as well as a child persuaded into testing out one of José Luis' new inventions: an electric chair.","As punishment for his mischief, José Luis found himself in solitary confinement, but devised a plan of escape that involved stealing his father's vehicle. Having not yet learned how to drive, his plan of escape was a failure, and he found himself being shipped off to military school in Georgia.","José Luis eventually returned to Tampa, but not before getting himself into a scrape in Lebanon, Tennessee, where he was charged with kidnapping a young woman and possession of narcotics.","Upon his return to Ybor City, Avellanal took up residence at El Pasaje Hotel, where he conducted experiments in cryogenics and attempted to publish articles on the resurrection of dead bodies. From his El Pasaje Hotel residence, Avellanal also entered the race for state senator, held services as an ordained Baptist minister, practiced medicine as a gynecologist and plastic surgeon (with diplomas obtained during his absence in Cuba), and established Southern University, a college offering degrees (but no courses) to the masses. A trial ensued in which Avellanal defended himself against charges of running a diploma mill, and in 1947, the Southern University Charter was revoked.","Avellanal was the creator and founder of numerous organizations, including the Legión de Honor de la República de Cuba (Legion of Honor of the Republic of Cuba), an organization that bestowed honors and awards to worthy individuals such as Fulgencio Batista of Cuba, Chinese Congresswoman Grace Yi Hsu, and Norberto Lopez Avelar, then governor of the Mexican state of Morelos. While in Mexico, Avellanal obtained the title of Lieutenant General and was often seen in full uniform at Ybor City events.","In the early 1970s, Avellanal joined the advisory committee for Ybor City's Hillsborough Community College campus and led efforts to save the El Pasaje Hotel building, for which he received a preservation award from U.S. Senator Richard Stone. José Luis Avellanal died in 1982, and remains one of the most colorful characters in Ybor City memory.","Note written by Jean McAllister, 2011","Jose Ramon Avellanal Collection, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL. ","Prince Alexis N. Gagarin Papers, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL. ","Avellanal-Jimenez, Jose L.  El Pasaje: Building and Its Adjoining Grounds, a Federal National Historic Site, 1888-1977, Tampa, Florida . Tampa, Fla.: s.n, 1977. Print.","The collection reflects the lives and activities of the Avellanals, a prominent pioneering Ybor City family, with the bulk of the collection documenting the life and career of Lt. General José Luis Avellanal y Jimenez. Among the papers in the collection are pamphlets, diaries, ledgers, correspondence, invoices and receipts, contracts, real estate title abstracts, lawsuits (including testimonies), certificates, photographs, corporate minutes, audits, medical reports, patents, stock certificates, newspaper clippings, and a small number of artifacts.","None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information.","USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Avellanal, Jose Luis (Jose Luis Avellanal y Jimenez) (1903-1982)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-1984-01","/repositories/2/resources/183"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1907-1981"],"normalized_title_ssm":["José Luis Avellanal collection, 1907-1981"],"collection_title_tesim":["José Luis Avellanal collection, 1907-1981"],"collection_ssim":["José Luis Avellanal collection, 1907-1981"],"repository_ssm":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Ybor City (Tampa, Fla.) -- Social life and customs"],"geogname_ssim":["Ybor City (Tampa, Fla.) -- Social life and customs"],"creator_ssm":["Avellanal, Jose Luis (Jose Luis Avellanal y Jimenez) (1903-1982)"],"creator_ssim":["Avellanal, Jose Luis (Jose Luis Avellanal y Jimenez) (1903-1982)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Avellanal, Jose Luis (Jose Luis Avellanal y Jimenez) (1903-1982)"],"creators_ssim":["Avellanal, Jose Luis (Jose Luis Avellanal y Jimenez) (1903-1982)"],"places_ssim":["Ybor City (Tampa, Fla.) -- Social life and customs"],"access_terms_ssm":["None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Avellanal Family","Donation"],"access_subjects_ssim":["El Pasaje Hotel (Tampa, Fla.)","Immigrants -- Florida -- History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["El Pasaje Hotel (Tampa, Fla.)","Immigrants -- Florida -- History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["42.44 Linear Feet","95 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["42.44 Linear Feet","95 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged within series by subject.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged within series by subject."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJos\u0026#xE9; Luis Avellanal y Jimenez was born on October 3, 1903 to Concepci\u0026#xF3;n Jimenez and Dr. Jos\u0026#xE9; Ramon Avellanal, a prominent Ybor City physician who was also the founder of El Bien P\u0026#xFA;blico Clinic.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrom a very young age, Jos\u0026#xE9; Luis was a major source of worry to his parents. Among his father's numerous patients\u0026#xA0; was a neighborhood boy treated for ocular damage after being shot in the eye by the young Avellanal, as well as a child persuaded into testing out one of Jos\u0026#xE9; Luis' new inventions: an electric chair.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAs punishment for his mischief, Jos\u0026#xE9; Luis found himself in solitary confinement, but devised a plan of escape that involved stealing his father's vehicle. Having not yet learned how to drive, his plan of escape was a failure, and he found himself being shipped off to military school in Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJos\u0026#xE9; Luis eventually returned to Tampa, but not before getting himself into a scrape in Lebanon, Tennessee, where he was charged with kidnapping a young woman and possession of narcotics.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUpon his return to Ybor City, Avellanal took up residence at El Pasaje Hotel, where he conducted experiments in cryogenics and attempted to publish articles on the resurrection of dead bodies. From his El Pasaje Hotel residence, Avellanal also entered the race for state senator, held services as an ordained Baptist minister, practiced medicine as a gynecologist and plastic surgeon (with diplomas obtained during his absence in Cuba), and established Southern University, a college offering degrees (but no courses) to the masses. A trial ensued in which Avellanal defended himself against charges of running a diploma mill, and in 1947, the Southern University Charter was revoked.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAvellanal was the creator and founder of numerous organizations, including the Legi\u0026#xF3;n de Honor de la Rep\u0026#xFA;blica de Cuba (Legion of Honor of the Republic of Cuba), an organization that bestowed honors and awards to worthy individuals such as Fulgencio Batista of Cuba, Chinese Congresswoman Grace Yi Hsu, and Norberto Lopez Avelar, then governor of the Mexican state of Morelos. While in Mexico, Avellanal obtained the title of Lieutenant General and was often seen in full uniform at Ybor City events.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the early 1970s, Avellanal joined the advisory committee for Ybor City's Hillsborough Community College campus and led efforts to save the El Pasaje Hotel building, for which he received a preservation award from U.S. Senator Richard Stone. Jos\u0026#xE9; Luis Avellanal died in 1982, and remains one of the most colorful characters in Ybor City memory.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Jean McAllister, 2011\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["José Luis Avellanal y Jimenez was born on October 3, 1903 to Concepción Jimenez and Dr. José Ramon Avellanal, a prominent Ybor City physician who was also the founder of El Bien Público Clinic.","From a very young age, José Luis was a major source of worry to his parents. Among his father's numerous patients  was a neighborhood boy treated for ocular damage after being shot in the eye by the young Avellanal, as well as a child persuaded into testing out one of José Luis' new inventions: an electric chair.","As punishment for his mischief, José Luis found himself in solitary confinement, but devised a plan of escape that involved stealing his father's vehicle. Having not yet learned how to drive, his plan of escape was a failure, and he found himself being shipped off to military school in Georgia.","José Luis eventually returned to Tampa, but not before getting himself into a scrape in Lebanon, Tennessee, where he was charged with kidnapping a young woman and possession of narcotics.","Upon his return to Ybor City, Avellanal took up residence at El Pasaje Hotel, where he conducted experiments in cryogenics and attempted to publish articles on the resurrection of dead bodies. From his El Pasaje Hotel residence, Avellanal also entered the race for state senator, held services as an ordained Baptist minister, practiced medicine as a gynecologist and plastic surgeon (with diplomas obtained during his absence in Cuba), and established Southern University, a college offering degrees (but no courses) to the masses. A trial ensued in which Avellanal defended himself against charges of running a diploma mill, and in 1947, the Southern University Charter was revoked.","Avellanal was the creator and founder of numerous organizations, including the Legión de Honor de la República de Cuba (Legion of Honor of the Republic of Cuba), an organization that bestowed honors and awards to worthy individuals such as Fulgencio Batista of Cuba, Chinese Congresswoman Grace Yi Hsu, and Norberto Lopez Avelar, then governor of the Mexican state of Morelos. While in Mexico, Avellanal obtained the title of Lieutenant General and was often seen in full uniform at Ybor City events.","In the early 1970s, Avellanal joined the advisory committee for Ybor City's Hillsborough Community College campus and led efforts to save the El Pasaje Hotel building, for which he received a preservation award from U.S. Senator Richard Stone. José Luis Avellanal died in 1982, and remains one of the most colorful characters in Ybor City memory.","Note written by Jean McAllister, 2011"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJose Luis Avellanal collection, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Jose Luis Avellanal collection, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJose Ramon Avellanal Collection, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePrince Alexis N. Gagarin Papers, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAvellanal-Jimenez, Jose L. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eEl Pasaje: Building and Its Adjoining Grounds, a Federal National Historic Site, 1888-1977, Tampa, Florida\u003c/emph\u003e. Tampa, Fla.: s.n, 1977. Print.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials","Related Publications"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Jose Ramon Avellanal Collection, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL. ","Prince Alexis N. Gagarin Papers, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL. ","Avellanal-Jimenez, Jose L.  El Pasaje: Building and Its Adjoining Grounds, a Federal National Historic Site, 1888-1977, Tampa, Florida . Tampa, Fla.: s.n, 1977. Print."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection reflects the lives and activities of the Avellanals, a prominent pioneering Ybor City family, with the bulk of the collection documenting the life and career of Lt. General Jos\u0026#xE9; Luis Avellanal y Jimenez. Among the papers in the collection are pamphlets, diaries, ledgers, correspondence, invoices and receipts, contracts, real estate title abstracts, lawsuits (including testimonies), certificates, photographs, corporate minutes, audits, medical reports, patents, stock certificates, newspaper clippings, and a small number of artifacts.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection reflects the lives and activities of the Avellanals, a prominent pioneering Ybor City family, with the bulk of the collection documenting the life and career of Lt. General José Luis Avellanal y Jimenez. Among the papers in the collection are pamphlets, diaries, ledgers, correspondence, invoices and receipts, contracts, real estate title abstracts, lawsuits (including testimonies), certificates, photographs, corporate minutes, audits, medical reports, patents, stock certificates, newspaper clippings, and a small number of artifacts."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone.\u0026#xA0;The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.\u0026#xA0; Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at \u003cextref href=\"http://www.copyright.gov/\"\u003ehttp://www.copyright.gov/\u003c/extref\u003e for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information."],"names_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Avellanal, Jose Luis (Jose Luis Avellanal y Jimenez) (1903-1982)"],"corpname_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Avellanal, Jose Luis (Jose Luis Avellanal y Jimenez) (1903-1982)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":790,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870862580648509440,"_root_":"862f8e7a3474d88fee55fb06","timestamp":"2026-07-16T09:19:52.663Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"862f8e7a3474d88fee55fb06","title_ssm":["José Luis Avellanal collection"],"title_tesim":["José Luis Avellanal collection"],"ead_ssi":"862f8e7a3474d88fee55fb06","unitdate_ssm":["1907-1981"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1907-1981"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-1984-01","/repositories/2/resources/183"],"text":["MS-1984-01","/repositories/2/resources/183","José Luis Avellanal collection, 1907-1981","Ybor City (Tampa, Fla.) -- Social life and customs","El Pasaje Hotel (Tampa, Fla.)","Immigrants -- Florida -- History","The collection is arranged within series by subject.","José Luis Avellanal y Jimenez was born on October 3, 1903 to Concepción Jimenez and Dr. José Ramon Avellanal, a prominent Ybor City physician who was also the founder of El Bien Público Clinic.","From a very young age, José Luis was a major source of worry to his parents. Among his father's numerous patients  was a neighborhood boy treated for ocular damage after being shot in the eye by the young Avellanal, as well as a child persuaded into testing out one of José Luis' new inventions: an electric chair.","As punishment for his mischief, José Luis found himself in solitary confinement, but devised a plan of escape that involved stealing his father's vehicle. Having not yet learned how to drive, his plan of escape was a failure, and he found himself being shipped off to military school in Georgia.","José Luis eventually returned to Tampa, but not before getting himself into a scrape in Lebanon, Tennessee, where he was charged with kidnapping a young woman and possession of narcotics.","Upon his return to Ybor City, Avellanal took up residence at El Pasaje Hotel, where he conducted experiments in cryogenics and attempted to publish articles on the resurrection of dead bodies. From his El Pasaje Hotel residence, Avellanal also entered the race for state senator, held services as an ordained Baptist minister, practiced medicine as a gynecologist and plastic surgeon (with diplomas obtained during his absence in Cuba), and established Southern University, a college offering degrees (but no courses) to the masses. A trial ensued in which Avellanal defended himself against charges of running a diploma mill, and in 1947, the Southern University Charter was revoked.","Avellanal was the creator and founder of numerous organizations, including the Legión de Honor de la República de Cuba (Legion of Honor of the Republic of Cuba), an organization that bestowed honors and awards to worthy individuals such as Fulgencio Batista of Cuba, Chinese Congresswoman Grace Yi Hsu, and Norberto Lopez Avelar, then governor of the Mexican state of Morelos. While in Mexico, Avellanal obtained the title of Lieutenant General and was often seen in full uniform at Ybor City events.","In the early 1970s, Avellanal joined the advisory committee for Ybor City's Hillsborough Community College campus and led efforts to save the El Pasaje Hotel building, for which he received a preservation award from U.S. Senator Richard Stone. José Luis Avellanal died in 1982, and remains one of the most colorful characters in Ybor City memory.","Note written by Jean McAllister, 2011","Jose Ramon Avellanal Collection, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL. ","Prince Alexis N. Gagarin Papers, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL. ","Avellanal-Jimenez, Jose L.  El Pasaje: Building and Its Adjoining Grounds, a Federal National Historic Site, 1888-1977, Tampa, Florida . Tampa, Fla.: s.n, 1977. 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Among the papers in the collection are pamphlets, diaries, ledgers, correspondence, invoices and receipts, contracts, real estate title abstracts, lawsuits (including testimonies), certificates, photographs, corporate minutes, audits, medical reports, patents, stock certificates, newspaper clippings, and a small number of artifacts.","None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information.","USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Avellanal, Jose Luis (Jose Luis Avellanal y Jimenez) (1903-1982)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-1984-01","/repositories/2/resources/183"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1907-1981"],"normalized_title_ssm":["José Luis Avellanal collection, 1907-1981"],"collection_title_tesim":["José Luis Avellanal collection, 1907-1981"],"collection_ssim":["José Luis Avellanal collection, 1907-1981"],"repository_ssm":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Ybor City (Tampa, Fla.) -- Social life and customs"],"geogname_ssim":["Ybor City (Tampa, Fla.) -- Social life and customs"],"creator_ssm":["Avellanal, Jose Luis (Jose Luis Avellanal y Jimenez) (1903-1982)"],"creator_ssim":["Avellanal, Jose Luis (Jose Luis Avellanal y Jimenez) (1903-1982)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Avellanal, Jose Luis (Jose Luis Avellanal y Jimenez) (1903-1982)"],"creators_ssim":["Avellanal, Jose Luis (Jose Luis Avellanal y Jimenez) (1903-1982)"],"places_ssim":["Ybor City (Tampa, Fla.) -- Social life and customs"],"access_terms_ssm":["None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Avellanal Family","Donation"],"access_subjects_ssim":["El Pasaje Hotel (Tampa, Fla.)","Immigrants -- Florida -- History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["El Pasaje Hotel (Tampa, Fla.)","Immigrants -- Florida -- History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["42.44 Linear Feet","95 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["42.44 Linear Feet","95 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged within series by subject.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged within series by subject."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJos\u0026#xE9; Luis Avellanal y Jimenez was born on October 3, 1903 to Concepci\u0026#xF3;n Jimenez and Dr. Jos\u0026#xE9; Ramon Avellanal, a prominent Ybor City physician who was also the founder of El Bien P\u0026#xFA;blico Clinic.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrom a very young age, Jos\u0026#xE9; Luis was a major source of worry to his parents. Among his father's numerous patients\u0026#xA0; was a neighborhood boy treated for ocular damage after being shot in the eye by the young Avellanal, as well as a child persuaded into testing out one of Jos\u0026#xE9; Luis' new inventions: an electric chair.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAs punishment for his mischief, Jos\u0026#xE9; Luis found himself in solitary confinement, but devised a plan of escape that involved stealing his father's vehicle. Having not yet learned how to drive, his plan of escape was a failure, and he found himself being shipped off to military school in Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJos\u0026#xE9; Luis eventually returned to Tampa, but not before getting himself into a scrape in Lebanon, Tennessee, where he was charged with kidnapping a young woman and possession of narcotics.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUpon his return to Ybor City, Avellanal took up residence at El Pasaje Hotel, where he conducted experiments in cryogenics and attempted to publish articles on the resurrection of dead bodies. From his El Pasaje Hotel residence, Avellanal also entered the race for state senator, held services as an ordained Baptist minister, practiced medicine as a gynecologist and plastic surgeon (with diplomas obtained during his absence in Cuba), and established Southern University, a college offering degrees (but no courses) to the masses. A trial ensued in which Avellanal defended himself against charges of running a diploma mill, and in 1947, the Southern University Charter was revoked.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAvellanal was the creator and founder of numerous organizations, including the Legi\u0026#xF3;n de Honor de la Rep\u0026#xFA;blica de Cuba (Legion of Honor of the Republic of Cuba), an organization that bestowed honors and awards to worthy individuals such as Fulgencio Batista of Cuba, Chinese Congresswoman Grace Yi Hsu, and Norberto Lopez Avelar, then governor of the Mexican state of Morelos. While in Mexico, Avellanal obtained the title of Lieutenant General and was often seen in full uniform at Ybor City events.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the early 1970s, Avellanal joined the advisory committee for Ybor City's Hillsborough Community College campus and led efforts to save the El Pasaje Hotel building, for which he received a preservation award from U.S. Senator Richard Stone. Jos\u0026#xE9; Luis Avellanal died in 1982, and remains one of the most colorful characters in Ybor City memory.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Jean McAllister, 2011\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["José Luis Avellanal y Jimenez was born on October 3, 1903 to Concepción Jimenez and Dr. José Ramon Avellanal, a prominent Ybor City physician who was also the founder of El Bien Público Clinic.","From a very young age, José Luis was a major source of worry to his parents. Among his father's numerous patients  was a neighborhood boy treated for ocular damage after being shot in the eye by the young Avellanal, as well as a child persuaded into testing out one of José Luis' new inventions: an electric chair.","As punishment for his mischief, José Luis found himself in solitary confinement, but devised a plan of escape that involved stealing his father's vehicle. Having not yet learned how to drive, his plan of escape was a failure, and he found himself being shipped off to military school in Georgia.","José Luis eventually returned to Tampa, but not before getting himself into a scrape in Lebanon, Tennessee, where he was charged with kidnapping a young woman and possession of narcotics.","Upon his return to Ybor City, Avellanal took up residence at El Pasaje Hotel, where he conducted experiments in cryogenics and attempted to publish articles on the resurrection of dead bodies. From his El Pasaje Hotel residence, Avellanal also entered the race for state senator, held services as an ordained Baptist minister, practiced medicine as a gynecologist and plastic surgeon (with diplomas obtained during his absence in Cuba), and established Southern University, a college offering degrees (but no courses) to the masses. A trial ensued in which Avellanal defended himself against charges of running a diploma mill, and in 1947, the Southern University Charter was revoked.","Avellanal was the creator and founder of numerous organizations, including the Legión de Honor de la República de Cuba (Legion of Honor of the Republic of Cuba), an organization that bestowed honors and awards to worthy individuals such as Fulgencio Batista of Cuba, Chinese Congresswoman Grace Yi Hsu, and Norberto Lopez Avelar, then governor of the Mexican state of Morelos. While in Mexico, Avellanal obtained the title of Lieutenant General and was often seen in full uniform at Ybor City events.","In the early 1970s, Avellanal joined the advisory committee for Ybor City's Hillsborough Community College campus and led efforts to save the El Pasaje Hotel building, for which he received a preservation award from U.S. Senator Richard Stone. José Luis Avellanal died in 1982, and remains one of the most colorful characters in Ybor City memory.","Note written by Jean McAllister, 2011"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJose Luis Avellanal collection, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Jose Luis Avellanal collection, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJose Ramon Avellanal Collection, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePrince Alexis N. Gagarin Papers, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAvellanal-Jimenez, Jose L. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eEl Pasaje: Building and Its Adjoining Grounds, a Federal National Historic Site, 1888-1977, Tampa, Florida\u003c/emph\u003e. Tampa, Fla.: s.n, 1977. Print.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials","Related Publications"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Jose Ramon Avellanal Collection, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL. ","Prince Alexis N. Gagarin Papers, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL. ","Avellanal-Jimenez, Jose L.  El Pasaje: Building and Its Adjoining Grounds, a Federal National Historic Site, 1888-1977, Tampa, Florida . Tampa, Fla.: s.n, 1977. Print."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection reflects the lives and activities of the Avellanals, a prominent pioneering Ybor City family, with the bulk of the collection documenting the life and career of Lt. General Jos\u0026#xE9; Luis Avellanal y Jimenez. Among the papers in the collection are pamphlets, diaries, ledgers, correspondence, invoices and receipts, contracts, real estate title abstracts, lawsuits (including testimonies), certificates, photographs, corporate minutes, audits, medical reports, patents, stock certificates, newspaper clippings, and a small number of artifacts.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection reflects the lives and activities of the Avellanals, a prominent pioneering Ybor City family, with the bulk of the collection documenting the life and career of Lt. General José Luis Avellanal y Jimenez. Among the papers in the collection are pamphlets, diaries, ledgers, correspondence, invoices and receipts, contracts, real estate title abstracts, lawsuits (including testimonies), certificates, photographs, corporate minutes, audits, medical reports, patents, stock certificates, newspaper clippings, and a small number of artifacts."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone.\u0026#xA0;The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.\u0026#xA0; Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at \u003cextref href=\"http://www.copyright.gov/\"\u003ehttp://www.copyright.gov/\u003c/extref\u003e for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information."],"names_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Avellanal, Jose Luis (Jose Luis Avellanal y Jimenez) (1903-1982)"],"corpname_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Avellanal, Jose Luis (Jose Luis Avellanal y Jimenez) (1903-1982)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":790,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870862580648509440,"_root_":"862f8e7a3474d88fee55fb06","timestamp":"2026-07-16T09:19:52.663Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/862f8e7a3474d88fee55fb06"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Office of the President, 1883-1957","value":"Office of the President, 1883-1957","hits":196},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Office+of+the+President%2C+1883-1957\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1927"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Children's Home Society of Florida collection, 1862-2019, bulk 1902-1997","value":"Children's Home Society of Florida collection, 1862-2019, bulk 1902-1997","hits":66},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Children%27s+Home+Society+of+Florida+collection%2C+1862-2019%2C+bulk+1902-1997\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1927"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Michael A. 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