{"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1926\u0026page=186","prev":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1926\u0026page=185","next":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1926\u0026page=187","last":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1926\u0026page=222"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":186,"next_page":187,"prev_page":185,"total_pages":222,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":1850,"total_count":2213,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62_aspace_fd48947719bb400a41ef1d1a7e9fd91e","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Schuyler, George S., 1926","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62_aspace_fd48947719bb400a41ef1d1a7e9fd91e#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_fd48947719bb400a41ef1d1a7e9fd91e","ref_ssm":["aspace_fd48947719bb400a41ef1d1a7e9fd91e","aspace_fd48947719bb400a41ef1d1a7e9fd91e"],"id":"5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62_aspace_fd48947719bb400a41ef1d1a7e9fd91e","title_filing_ssi":"Schuyler, George S.","title_ssm":["Schuyler, George S."],"title_tesim":["Schuyler, George S."],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1926"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1926"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Schuyler, George S., 1926"],"text":["Schuyler, George S., 1926","Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006","Writings by others","/repositories/2/archival_objects/30184","box 83","folder 28"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62","5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62_aspace_60421e776c845bf7cd0dc7e916c56d99"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006","Writings by others"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006","Writings by others"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/2/archival_objects/30184"],"repository_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":2167,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The Niara Sudarkasa Collection is open for research."],"date_range_isim":[1926],"containers_ssim":["box 83","folder 28"],"_nest_path_":"/components#4/components#1316","_nest_parent_":"5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62_aspace_60421e776c845bf7cd0dc7e916c56d99","_root_":"5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62","timestamp":"2026-04-21T02:08:51.248Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62","title_filing_ssi":"Sudarkasa, Niara Collection","title_ssm":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection"],"title_tesim":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection"],"ead_ssi":"5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62","unitdate_ssm":["1934-2006"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1934-2006"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["AARLCC.2006.4","/repositories/2/resources/51"],"text":["AARLCC.2006.4","/repositories/2/resources/51","Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006","Bahamian Americans","Correspondence","Photographs","plaques (flat objects)","Periodicals","The Niara Sudarkasa Collection is open for research.","View a selection of digitized materials from the Niara Sudarkasa Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives.","Niara Sudarkasa, born Gloria Albertha Marshall to a Bahamian immigrant family on August 14, 1938, in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, demonstrated exceptional academic promise from an early age. She graduated from Dillard High School at just 14 years old and, at 15, entered Fisk University on a Ford Foundation scholarship to study English. Her intellectual journey deepened at Oberlin College, where exposure to courses on the African diaspora inspired her to change her major to Sociology-Anthropology, earning her bachelor's degree in 1957.","Gloria enrolled at Columbia University in New York, where she pursued graduate studies in Anthropology. She earned both her Master's (1959) and Ph.D. degrees in (1964), becoming the first African American woman to teach at Columbia University. Following the completion of her doctorate, Dr. Sudarkasa was appointed assistant professor of anthropology at New York University (1970-1976), again marking a historic first for an African American woman. ","Gloria Albertha Marshall adopted the name Niara Sudarkasa to reflect her evolving identity as a cultural bridge between African Americans and continental Africans. Her name change marked a deepening commitment to diasporic connection and cultural reclamation.\nAt the University of Michigan, Dr. Sudarkasa continued to break barriers, becoming the first African American faculty member in the Department of Anthropology. From 1978 to 1981, she served as Associate Director of the Center for Afro-American and African Studies, advancing scholarship and institutional support for African diaspora research.","In 1986, she became the first female president of Lincoln University in Pennsylvania, a role she held until 1998. Her scholarship increasingly centered on the lives of women in West Africa and the enduring strength of the Black family. Her work in Nigeria earned her recognition from the royal court: in 2001, His Royal Majesty Aláyélúwà Ọba Ọkúnadé Sijuwade Olúbùsẹ II of the Royal Court of Ifẹ́ conferred upon her the chieftaincy title Yèyé Olókun Ìgbàdérò. She was the first African American to receive this honor from the Ifẹ́ Kingdom.","Following her retirement from higher education, Dr. Sudarkasa returned to her hometown of Fort Lauderdale, Florida, where she became the first scholar-in-residence at the newly opened African American Research Library and Cultural Center in 2002.\nDr. Sudarkasa was married to John L. Clark and was the mother of Michael Sudarkasa. She passed away on May 31, 2019, at the age of 80, leaving behind a legacy of scholarship, leadership, and cultural stewardship.","The Niara Sudarkasa Collection received container level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection. ","Parts of the collection have received file level processing. From January 2022 to May 2024, FIU interns, Emmanuel George, and Dominique St. Victor processed \"Series I. Correspondence\" and \"Series III. Professional Papers, Sub-series 1. Writings by Niara Sudarkasa and Sub-series 2. Writings by Others\" as part of the WPHL-FIU Community Data Curation grant.","The Niara Sudarkasa Collection documents the career of anthropologist, Africanist, professor, and university president Dr. Niara Sudarkasa. The collection contains correspondence, scholarly writings, publications, research files, audio visual materials, awards, and business papers dating from 1934 to 2006. The collection also includes Dr. Sudarka's personal library of more than 2,500 books, journals, and pamphlets. The collection highlights Dr. Sudarkasa's professional achievements including becoming the first woman president of Lincoln University in Pennsylvania and first Black faculty member of the Anthropology Department at the University of Michigan. Her papers are a unique resource on Yoruba language and culture, ethnic groups in higher education, and the Black Power Movement in the United States. They also document her work to strengthen international programs at Lincoln and the University of Michigan.","Books from this collection were cataloged in the Broward County Library catalog with the prefix \"SUD\".","AARLCC Special Collections","University of Michigan. Department of Anthropology","Lincoln University (Pa.)","Sudarkasa, Niara","English"],"unitid_tesim":["AARLCC.2006.4","/repositories/2/resources/51"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1934-2006"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006"],"collection_title_tesim":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006"],"collection_ssim":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection, 1934-2006"],"repository_ssm":["AARLCC Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections"],"creator_ssm":["Sudarkasa, Niara"],"creator_ssim":["Sudarkasa, Niara"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Sudarkasa, Niara"],"creators_ssim":["Sudarkasa, Niara"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Dr. Niara Sudarkasa donated the materials to the AARLCC Special Collections on October 17, 2006 (Accession AARLCC-2006.4)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Bahamian Americans","Correspondence","Photographs","plaques (flat objects)","Periodicals"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Bahamian Americans","Correspondence","Photographs","plaques (flat objects)","Periodicals"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["400 Hollinger Boxes","410 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["400 Hollinger Boxes","410 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Photographs","plaques (flat objects)","Periodicals"],"date_range_isim":[1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Niara Sudarkasa Collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The Niara Sudarkasa Collection is open for research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://digitalarchives.broward.org/digital/collection/nsb\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eView a selection of digitized materials from the Niara Sudarkasa Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Digitized Materials"],"altformavail_tesim":["View a selection of digitized materials from the Niara Sudarkasa Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNiara Sudarkasa, born Gloria Albertha Marshall to a Bahamian immigrant family on August 14, 1938, in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, demonstrated exceptional academic promise from an early age. She graduated from Dillard High School at just 14 years old and, at 15, entered Fisk University on a Ford Foundation scholarship to study English. Her intellectual journey deepened at Oberlin College, where exposure to courses on the African diaspora inspired her to change her major to Sociology-Anthropology, earning her bachelor's degree in 1957.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGloria enrolled at Columbia University in New York, where she pursued graduate studies in Anthropology. She earned both her Master's (1959) and Ph.D. degrees in (1964), becoming the first African American woman to teach at Columbia University. Following the completion of her doctorate, Dr. Sudarkasa was appointed assistant professor of anthropology at New York University (1970-1976), again marking a historic first for an African American woman. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGloria Albertha Marshall adopted the name Niara Sudarkasa to reflect her evolving identity as a cultural bridge between African Americans and continental Africans. Her name change marked a deepening commitment to diasporic connection and cultural reclamation.\nAt the University of Michigan, Dr. Sudarkasa continued to break barriers, becoming the first African American faculty member in the Department of Anthropology. From 1978 to 1981, she served as Associate Director of the Center for Afro-American and African Studies, advancing scholarship and institutional support for African diaspora research.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1986, she became the first female president of Lincoln University in Pennsylvania, a role she held until 1998. Her scholarship increasingly centered on the lives of women in West Africa and the enduring strength of the Black family. Her work in Nigeria earned her recognition from the royal court: in 2001, His Royal Majesty Al\u0026#xE1;y\u0026#xE9;l\u0026#xFA;w\u0026#xE0; \u0026#x1ECC;ba \u0026#x1ECC;k\u0026#xFA;nad\u0026#xE9; Sijuwade Ol\u0026#xFA;b\u0026#xF9;s\u0026#x1EB9; II of the Royal Court of If\u0026#x1EB9;\u0026#x301; conferred upon her the chieftaincy title Y\u0026#xE8;y\u0026#xE9; Ol\u0026#xF3;kun \u0026#xCC;gb\u0026#xE0;d\u0026#xE9;r\u0026#xF2;. She was the first African American to receive this honor from the If\u0026#x1EB9;\u0026#x301; Kingdom.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFollowing her retirement from higher education, Dr. Sudarkasa returned to her hometown of Fort Lauderdale, Florida, where she became the first scholar-in-residence at the newly opened African American Research Library and Cultural Center in 2002.\nDr. Sudarkasa was married to John L. Clark and was the mother of Michael Sudarkasa. She passed away on May 31, 2019, at the age of 80, leaving behind a legacy of scholarship, leadership, and cultural stewardship.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Niara Sudarkasa, born Gloria Albertha Marshall to a Bahamian immigrant family on August 14, 1938, in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, demonstrated exceptional academic promise from an early age. She graduated from Dillard High School at just 14 years old and, at 15, entered Fisk University on a Ford Foundation scholarship to study English. Her intellectual journey deepened at Oberlin College, where exposure to courses on the African diaspora inspired her to change her major to Sociology-Anthropology, earning her bachelor's degree in 1957.","Gloria enrolled at Columbia University in New York, where she pursued graduate studies in Anthropology. She earned both her Master's (1959) and Ph.D. degrees in (1964), becoming the first African American woman to teach at Columbia University. Following the completion of her doctorate, Dr. Sudarkasa was appointed assistant professor of anthropology at New York University (1970-1976), again marking a historic first for an African American woman. ","Gloria Albertha Marshall adopted the name Niara Sudarkasa to reflect her evolving identity as a cultural bridge between African Americans and continental Africans. Her name change marked a deepening commitment to diasporic connection and cultural reclamation.\nAt the University of Michigan, Dr. Sudarkasa continued to break barriers, becoming the first African American faculty member in the Department of Anthropology. From 1978 to 1981, she served as Associate Director of the Center for Afro-American and African Studies, advancing scholarship and institutional support for African diaspora research.","In 1986, she became the first female president of Lincoln University in Pennsylvania, a role she held until 1998. Her scholarship increasingly centered on the lives of women in West Africa and the enduring strength of the Black family. Her work in Nigeria earned her recognition from the royal court: in 2001, His Royal Majesty Aláyélúwà Ọba Ọkúnadé Sijuwade Olúbùsẹ II of the Royal Court of Ifẹ́ conferred upon her the chieftaincy title Yèyé Olókun Ìgbàdérò. She was the first African American to receive this honor from the Ifẹ́ Kingdom.","Following her retirement from higher education, Dr. Sudarkasa returned to her hometown of Fort Lauderdale, Florida, where she became the first scholar-in-residence at the newly opened African American Research Library and Cultural Center in 2002.\nDr. Sudarkasa was married to John L. Clark and was the mother of Michael Sudarkasa. She passed away on May 31, 2019, at the age of 80, leaving behind a legacy of scholarship, leadership, and cultural stewardship."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNiara Sudarkasa Collection, African American Research Library and Cultural Center Special Collections, Broward County Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Niara Sudarkasa Collection, African American Research Library and Cultural Center Special Collections, Broward County Library."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Niara Sudarkasa Collection received container level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParts of the collection have received file level processing. From January 2022 to May 2024, FIU interns, Emmanuel George, and Dominique St. Victor processed \"Series I. Correspondence\" and \"Series III. Professional Papers, Sub-series 1. Writings by Niara Sudarkasa and Sub-series 2. Writings by Others\" as part of the WPHL-FIU Community Data Curation grant.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The Niara Sudarkasa Collection received container level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection. ","Parts of the collection have received file level processing. From January 2022 to May 2024, FIU interns, Emmanuel George, and Dominique St. Victor processed \"Series I. Correspondence\" and \"Series III. Professional Papers, Sub-series 1. Writings by Niara Sudarkasa and Sub-series 2. Writings by Others\" as part of the WPHL-FIU Community Data Curation grant."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Niara Sudarkasa Collection documents the career of anthropologist, Africanist, professor, and university president Dr. Niara Sudarkasa. The collection contains correspondence, scholarly writings, publications, research files, audio visual materials, awards, and business papers dating from 1934 to 2006. The collection also includes Dr. Sudarka's personal library of more than 2,500 books, journals, and pamphlets. The collection highlights Dr. Sudarkasa's professional achievements including becoming the first woman president of Lincoln University in Pennsylvania and first Black faculty member of the Anthropology Department at the University of Michigan. Her papers are a unique resource on Yoruba language and culture, ethnic groups in higher education, and the Black Power Movement in the United States. They also document her work to strengthen international programs at Lincoln and the University of Michigan.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Niara Sudarkasa Collection documents the career of anthropologist, Africanist, professor, and university president Dr. Niara Sudarkasa. The collection contains correspondence, scholarly writings, publications, research files, audio visual materials, awards, and business papers dating from 1934 to 2006. The collection also includes Dr. Sudarka's personal library of more than 2,500 books, journals, and pamphlets. The collection highlights Dr. Sudarkasa's professional achievements including becoming the first woman president of Lincoln University in Pennsylvania and first Black faculty member of the Anthropology Department at the University of Michigan. Her papers are a unique resource on Yoruba language and culture, ethnic groups in higher education, and the Black Power Movement in the United States. They also document her work to strengthen international programs at Lincoln and the University of Michigan."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://broward.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/results?qu=SUD\u0026amp;qf=LOCATION%09Shelf+Location%091%3AAF-SPC%09AARLCC+Special+Collections\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBooks from this collection were cataloged in the Broward County Library catalog with the prefix \"SUD\".\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Access the Books"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Books from this collection were cataloged in the Broward County Library catalog with the prefix \"SUD\"."],"names_coll_ssim":["University of Michigan. Department of Anthropology","Lincoln University (Pa.)"],"names_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections","University of Michigan. Department of Anthropology","Lincoln University (Pa.)","Sudarkasa, Niara"],"corpname_ssim":["AARLCC Special Collections","University of Michigan. Department of Anthropology","Lincoln University (Pa.)"],"persname_ssim":["Sudarkasa, Niara"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":2760,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62","timestamp":"2026-04-21T02:08:51.248Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/5c664f35ba84cce3023f6a62_aspace_fd48947719bb400a41ef1d1a7e9fd91e"}},{"id":"07e83d7fe9b8feb6c0518c05_aspace_0f899b38347abfcc9e669e4b91bed283","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Scrapbook, 1920-1927","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/07e83d7fe9b8feb6c0518c05_aspace_0f899b38347abfcc9e669e4b91bed283#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_0f899b38347abfcc9e669e4b91bed283","ref_ssm":["aspace_0f899b38347abfcc9e669e4b91bed283","aspace_0f899b38347abfcc9e669e4b91bed283"],"id":"07e83d7fe9b8feb6c0518c05_aspace_0f899b38347abfcc9e669e4b91bed283","title_filing_ssi":"Scrapbook","title_ssm":["Scrapbook"],"title_tesim":["Scrapbook"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1920-1927"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1920-1927"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Scrapbook, 1920-1927"],"text":["Scrapbook, 1920-1927","Mana-Zucca Collection, 1912-1989","Series 1: Graphic Materials","Sub-Series 1: Scrapbooks and Photo Albums","Box 3","/repositories/2/archival_objects/75822","box 3","folder 2","object 2"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["07e83d7fe9b8feb6c0518c05","07e83d7fe9b8feb6c0518c05_aspace_59700","07e83d7fe9b8feb6c0518c05_aspace_5b2c31ce18d8b7c571222785918ce7e8"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Mana-Zucca Collection, 1912-1989","Series 1: Graphic Materials","Sub-Series 1: Scrapbooks and Photo Albums"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Mana-Zucca Collection, 1912-1989","Series 1: Graphic Materials","Sub-Series 1: Scrapbooks and Photo Albums"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Subseries"],"unitid_ssm":["Box 3","/repositories/2/archival_objects/75822"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Mana-Zucca Collection, 1912-1989"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":8,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work.\nFIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections. ","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"date_range_isim":[1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927],"containers_ssim":["box 3","folder 2","object 2"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#0/components#5","_nest_parent_":"07e83d7fe9b8feb6c0518c05_aspace_5b2c31ce18d8b7c571222785918ce7e8","_root_":"07e83d7fe9b8feb6c0518c05","_version_":1881085616266936320,"timestamp":"2026-11-06T05:30:39.187Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"07e83d7fe9b8feb6c0518c05","title_ssm":["Mana-Zucca Collection"],"title_tesim":["Mana-Zucca Collection"],"ead_ssi":"07e83d7fe9b8feb6c0518c05","unitdate_ssm":["1912-1989"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1912-1989"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SPC7005","/repositories/2/resources/69"],"text":["SPC7005","/repositories/2/resources/69","Mana-Zucca Collection, 1912-1989","The collection is open for research.","Manna-Zucca, whose birth name was Gizella Zuccamanof, was born on December 25, 1885, in New York City, United States. The daughter of Polish immigrants, she possessed an early aptitude for the piano, and was quickly recognized as a child prodigy. As early as age seven, she began learning proficient use of the piano at the New York College of Music by pianist Alexander Lambert. At age eight, she made her piano debut at the New York Symphony Orchestra. Early on, she studied and toured Europe with such composers as Leopold Godowsky, Ferruccio Busoni, and Herman Spielter. Throughout her career, she composed 366 piano pieces entitled \"My Musical Calendar.\" The University of Miami awarded Manna-Zucca with an honorary doctorate degree in Music on May 19, 1974. She passed away in her home in Miami, Florida, on March 11, 1981.","The Mana-Zucca Collection contains the works, personal papers, photograph albums, scrapbooks, handwritten music and compositions of the American actress, singer, pianist and composer Augusta Zuckerman. She was a child prodigy who began composing at an early age and traveled the world, first performing the works of famous composers and later writing her own musical compositions. This collection is comprised of eight series, spanning over 100 boxes is housed in the Special Collections and University Archives Department at Florida International University.","Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work.\nFIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections. ","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general","The Mana-Zucca Collection contains the works, personal papers, photograph albums, scrapbooks, handwritten music and compositions of the American actress, singer, pianist and composer Augusta Zuckerman. This collection is comprised of eight series, spanning over 100 boxes is housed in the Special Collections and University Archives Department at Florida International University.","FIU Special Collections","Mana-Zucca","Cassel, Leslie","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SPC7005","/repositories/2/resources/69"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1912-1989"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Mana-Zucca Collection, 1912-1989"],"collection_title_tesim":["Mana-Zucca Collection, 1912-1989"],"collection_ssim":["Mana-Zucca Collection, 1912-1989"],"repository_ssm":["FIU Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"creator_ssm":["Mana-Zucca","Cassel, Leslie"],"creator_ssim":["Mana-Zucca","Cassel, Leslie"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Mana-Zucca","Cassel, Leslie"],"creators_ssim":["Mana-Zucca","Cassel, Leslie"],"access_terms_ssm":["Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work.\nFIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections. ","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donation"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["102 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["102 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions of Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManna-Zucca, whose birth name was Gizella Zuccamanof, was born on December 25, 1885, in New York City, United States. 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Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work.\nFIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections. ","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donation"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["102 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["102 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions of Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManna-Zucca, whose birth name was Gizella Zuccamanof, was born on December 25, 1885, in New York City, United States. The daughter of Polish immigrants, she possessed an early aptitude for the piano, and was quickly recognized as a child prodigy. As early as age seven, she began learning proficient use of the piano at the New York College of Music by pianist Alexander Lambert. At age eight, she made her piano debut at the New York Symphony Orchestra. Early on, she studied and toured Europe with such composers as Leopold Godowsky, Ferruccio Busoni, and Herman Spielter. Throughout her career, she composed 366 piano pieces entitled \"My Musical Calendar.\" The University of Miami awarded Manna-Zucca with an honorary doctorate degree in Music on May 19, 1974. She passed away in her home in Miami, Florida, on March 11, 1981.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Manna-Zucca, whose birth name was Gizella Zuccamanof, was born on December 25, 1885, in New York City, United States. The daughter of Polish immigrants, she possessed an early aptitude for the piano, and was quickly recognized as a child prodigy. As early as age seven, she began learning proficient use of the piano at the New York College of Music by pianist Alexander Lambert. At age eight, she made her piano debut at the New York Symphony Orchestra. Early on, she studied and toured Europe with such composers as Leopold Godowsky, Ferruccio Busoni, and Herman Spielter. Throughout her career, she composed 366 piano pieces entitled \"My Musical Calendar.\" The University of Miami awarded Manna-Zucca with an honorary doctorate degree in Music on May 19, 1974. She passed away in her home in Miami, Florida, on March 11, 1981."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Mana-Zucca Collection contains the works, personal papers, photograph albums, scrapbooks, handwritten music and compositions of the American actress, singer, pianist and composer Augusta Zuckerman. She was a child prodigy who began composing at an early age and traveled the world, first performing the works of famous composers and later writing her own musical compositions. This collection is comprised of eight series, spanning over 100 boxes is housed in the Special Collections and University Archives Department at Florida International University.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Mana-Zucca Collection contains the works, personal papers, photograph albums, scrapbooks, handwritten music and compositions of the American actress, singer, pianist and composer Augusta Zuckerman. She was a child prodigy who began composing at an early age and traveled the world, first performing the works of famous composers and later writing her own musical compositions. This collection is comprised of eight series, spanning over 100 boxes is housed in the Special Collections and University Archives Department at Florida International University."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections \u0026amp; University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work.\nFIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work.\nFIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections. ","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_f7a0b994c99b6770a2303aa33bd8e3db\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Mana-Zucca Collection contains the works, personal papers, photograph albums, scrapbooks, handwritten music and compositions of the American actress, singer, pianist and composer Augusta Zuckerman. This collection is comprised of eight series, spanning over 100 boxes is housed in the Special Collections and University Archives Department at Florida International University.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Mana-Zucca Collection contains the works, personal papers, photograph albums, scrapbooks, handwritten music and compositions of the American actress, singer, pianist and composer Augusta Zuckerman. This collection is comprised of eight series, spanning over 100 boxes is housed in the Special Collections and University Archives Department at Florida International University."],"names_ssim":["FIU Special Collections","Mana-Zucca","Cassel, Leslie"],"corpname_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"names_coll_ssim":["Cassel, Leslie"],"persname_ssim":["Mana-Zucca","Cassel, Leslie"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":795,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1881085616266936320,"_root_":"07e83d7fe9b8feb6c0518c05","timestamp":"2026-11-06T05:30:39.187Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/07e83d7fe9b8feb6c0518c05_aspace_6192c8b75f777c6242fa91a41eb55f94"}},{"id":"75b92a4cc3579be1cf6d672a_aspace_b631873b0f55b53cc7d675daf67534ff","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Scrapbook, Circa 1920-1940","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/75b92a4cc3579be1cf6d672a_aspace_b631873b0f55b53cc7d675daf67534ff#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eThe scrapbook contains clippings, photographs and ephemera. Many of the clippings are related to the 1933 arrest of the \"Pompano Four\" that resulted in the 1940 Supreme Court case Chambers V. Florida. Other emphemera includes campaign flyers, newspaper clippings about Clark, and clippings related to the lynching of Rubin Stacy.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/75b92a4cc3579be1cf6d672a_aspace_b631873b0f55b53cc7d675daf67534ff#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_b631873b0f55b53cc7d675daf67534ff","ref_ssm":["aspace_b631873b0f55b53cc7d675daf67534ff","aspace_b631873b0f55b53cc7d675daf67534ff"],"id":"75b92a4cc3579be1cf6d672a_aspace_b631873b0f55b53cc7d675daf67534ff","title_filing_ssi":"Scrapbook","title_ssm":["Scrapbook"],"title_tesim":["Scrapbook"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Circa 1920-1940"],"normalized_date_ssm":["Circa 1920-1940"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Scrapbook, Circa 1920-1940"],"text":["Scrapbook, Circa 1920-1940","Walter R. Clark Collection, Circa 1892-1949","/repositories/4/archival_objects/1360","Chambers v. Florida, 309 U.S. 227 (1940)","box 2","folder 12","The scrapbook contains clippings, photographs and ephemera. Many of the clippings are related to the 1933 arrest of the \"Pompano Four\" that resulted in the 1940 Supreme Court case Chambers V. Florida. Other emphemera includes campaign flyers, newspaper clippings about Clark, and clippings related to the lynching of Rubin Stacy."],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ids_ssim":["75b92a4cc3579be1cf6d672a"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Walter R. Clark Collection, Circa 1892-1949"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Walter R. Clark Collection, Circa 1892-1949"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/4/archival_objects/1360"],"repository_ssim":["Broward County Historical Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Walter R. Clark Collection, Circa 1892-1949"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":12,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The Walter R. Collection is open for research."],"date_range_isim":[1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940],"access_subjects_ssim":["Chambers v. Florida, 309 U.S. 227 (1940)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Chambers v. Florida, 309 U.S. 227 (1940)"],"containers_ssim":["box 2","folder 12"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe scrapbook contains clippings, photographs and ephemera. Many of the clippings are related to the 1933 arrest of the \"Pompano Four\" that resulted in the 1940 Supreme Court case Chambers V. Florida. Other emphemera includes campaign flyers, newspaper clippings about Clark, and clippings related to the lynching of Rubin Stacy.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The scrapbook contains clippings, photographs and ephemera. Many of the clippings are related to the 1933 arrest of the \"Pompano Four\" that resulted in the 1940 Supreme Court case Chambers V. Florida. Other emphemera includes campaign flyers, newspaper clippings about Clark, and clippings related to the lynching of Rubin Stacy."],"_nest_path_":"/components#2","_nest_parent_":"75b92a4cc3579be1cf6d672a","_root_":"75b92a4cc3579be1cf6d672a","timestamp":"2026-07-09T01:50:38.982Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"75b92a4cc3579be1cf6d672a","title_filing_ssi":"Clark, Walter R. Collection","title_ssm":["Walter R. Clark Collection"],"title_tesim":["Walter R. Clark Collection"],"ead_ssi":"75b92a4cc3579be1cf6d672a","unitdate_ssm":["Circa 1892-1949"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Circa 1892-1949"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["BCHA.1975.18","/repositories/4/resources/15"],"text":["BCHA.1975.18","/repositories/4/resources/15","Walter R. Clark Collection, Circa 1892-1949","Photographs","scrapbooks","The Walter R. Collection is open for research.","The Walter R. Clark Collection is digitized and available on the Broward County Library Digital Archives .","The Walter R. Clark Collection is arranged into four series: \n I. Correspondence II. Photographs III. Scrapbook IV. Framed collection of badges","Walter Reed Clark was born on December 11, 1904 in Fort Lauderdale, Florida to farmers James Clark and Annie Miller Clark. He was the eldest of four sons. As a young adult, Clark was a butcher in a meat market before running for Broward County Sheriff in 1932. \nIn 1926, Clark married Avis Mae Mull and together they had a son named Curtis Clark. The couple later divorced and Clark married Odell Clark in 1937. ","In 1933 he became the Broward County Sheriff and served five terms until 1950. Walter Clark's career as sheriff is most noted by the lynching of African American field worker Reuben Stacey in 1935. Reuben Stacey was accused of attacking a white woman and was lynched while being transferred from the Broward County Courthouse to the Dade County jail. A grand jury investigated the lynching on July 23, 1935. The sheriff and his deputies in charge of the transfer were absolved of all wrongdoing in the crime.","Clark's time as Sheriff was also shaped by an incident in his first year in office that resulted in the Supreme Court Case Chambers v. Florida. It is clear from the evidence of both the State and four accused men that from May 14 to May 20, 1933 Sheriff Walter R. Clark other police officers subjected forty \"negro suspects\" of a murder to intense and random questioning. On May 20th, four of the suspects \"broke\" and confessed to the murder. Chambers, Davis, Williamson and Woodward were sentenced by an all-white jury to death by electric chair. S.D. McGill took up their defense case, and the legal battle to free them dragged on for years.  On February 12, 1940, Justice Thurgood Marshall and the Supreme Court overturned the four men's convictions. In 1942, after 9 years of imprisonment, the four men were declared not guilty and released. Chambers vs. Florida was a landmark case in the US Supreme Court that set the precedent that police pressure, mental torture, and threats of violence violates the Due Process Clause.","Walter Clark was also accused of compliance in multiple illegal gambling institutions. In 1950, Senator Estes Kefauver and his committee began an investigation of Sheriff Clark and his connection to illegal gambling in Broward County. Kefauver exposed Clark's involvement in the Broward Novelty Company which alledgedly owned slot machines and ran an illegal lottery. However, at the end of the trial, Clark was found not guilty on all counts. ","Walter Clark died of leukemia on April 26, 1951.","This collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as aquisitions to the collection.","The Walter R. Clark collection contains correspondence, photographs, a scrapbook, and a framed collection of badges related to the professional and personal life of Walter Reed Clark, the Sheriff of Broward County from 1933 to 1950.","A framed collection of Clark's badges is stored separately. An oversize photograph of Robert Clark is in an oversize photographs box."," Broward County Historical Archives","Broward County (Fla.). Sheriff's Office","English"],"unitid_tesim":["BCHA.1975.18","/repositories/4/resources/15"],"normalized_date_ssm":["Circa 1892-1949"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Walter R. Clark Collection, Circa 1892-1949"],"collection_title_tesim":["Walter R. Clark Collection, Circa 1892-1949"],"collection_ssim":["Walter R. Clark Collection, Circa 1892-1949"],"repository_ssm":["Broward County Historical Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Broward County Historical Archives"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Frank Clark donated the materials to the Broward County Historical Commission in 1975 (Accession BCHA-1975.18)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Photographs","scrapbooks"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Photographs","scrapbooks"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 Hollinger Box","1 Half Hollinger Box","1 Objects"],"extent_tesim":["1 Hollinger Box","1 Half Hollinger Box","1 Objects"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs","scrapbooks"],"date_range_isim":[1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Walter R. Collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The Walter R. Collection is open for research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://digitalarchives.broward.org/digital/collection/p16146coll18\"\u003eThe Walter R. Clark Collection is digitized and available on the Broward County Library Digital Archives\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Digitized Materials"],"altformavail_tesim":["The Walter R. Clark Collection is digitized and available on the Broward County Library Digital Archives ."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Walter R. Clark Collection is arranged into four series: \n\u003cP\u003eI. Correspondence\u003c/P\u003e\n\u003cP\u003eII. Photographs\u003c/P\u003e\n\u003cP\u003eIII. Scrapbook\u003c/P\u003e\n\u003cP\u003eIV. Framed collection of badges\u003c/P\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Walter R. Clark Collection is arranged into four series: \n I. Correspondence II. Photographs III. Scrapbook IV. Framed collection of badges"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWalter Reed Clark was born on December 11, 1904 in Fort Lauderdale, Florida to farmers James Clark and Annie Miller Clark. He was the eldest of four sons. As a young adult, Clark was a butcher in a meat market before running for Broward County Sheriff in 1932. \nIn 1926, Clark married Avis Mae Mull and together they had a son named Curtis Clark. The couple later divorced and Clark married Odell Clark in 1937. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1933 he became the Broward County Sheriff and served five terms until 1950. Walter Clark's career as sheriff is most noted by the lynching of African American field worker Reuben Stacey in 1935. Reuben Stacey was accused of attacking a white woman and was lynched while being transferred from the Broward County Courthouse to the Dade County jail. A grand jury investigated the lynching on July 23, 1935. The sheriff and his deputies in charge of the transfer were absolved of all wrongdoing in the crime.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark's time as Sheriff was also shaped by an incident in his first year in office that resulted in the Supreme Court Case Chambers v. Florida. It is clear from the evidence of both the State and four accused men that from May 14 to May 20, 1933 Sheriff Walter R. Clark other police officers subjected forty \"negro suspects\" of a murder to intense and random questioning. On May 20th, four of the suspects \"broke\" and confessed to the murder. Chambers, Davis, Williamson and Woodward were sentenced by an all-white jury to death by electric chair. S.D. McGill took up their defense case, and the legal battle to free them dragged on for years.  On February 12, 1940, Justice Thurgood Marshall and the Supreme Court overturned the four men's convictions. In 1942, after 9 years of imprisonment, the four men were declared not guilty and released. Chambers vs. Florida was a landmark case in the US Supreme Court that set the precedent that police pressure, mental torture, and threats of violence violates the Due Process Clause.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWalter Clark was also accused of compliance in multiple illegal gambling institutions. In 1950, Senator Estes Kefauver and his committee began an investigation of Sheriff Clark and his connection to illegal gambling in Broward County. Kefauver exposed Clark's involvement in the Broward Novelty Company which alledgedly owned slot machines and ran an illegal lottery. However, at the end of the trial, Clark was found not guilty on all counts. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWalter Clark died of leukemia on April 26, 1951.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Walter Reed Clark was born on December 11, 1904 in Fort Lauderdale, Florida to farmers James Clark and Annie Miller Clark. He was the eldest of four sons. As a young adult, Clark was a butcher in a meat market before running for Broward County Sheriff in 1932. \nIn 1926, Clark married Avis Mae Mull and together they had a son named Curtis Clark. The couple later divorced and Clark married Odell Clark in 1937. ","In 1933 he became the Broward County Sheriff and served five terms until 1950. Walter Clark's career as sheriff is most noted by the lynching of African American field worker Reuben Stacey in 1935. Reuben Stacey was accused of attacking a white woman and was lynched while being transferred from the Broward County Courthouse to the Dade County jail. A grand jury investigated the lynching on July 23, 1935. The sheriff and his deputies in charge of the transfer were absolved of all wrongdoing in the crime.","Clark's time as Sheriff was also shaped by an incident in his first year in office that resulted in the Supreme Court Case Chambers v. Florida. It is clear from the evidence of both the State and four accused men that from May 14 to May 20, 1933 Sheriff Walter R. Clark other police officers subjected forty \"negro suspects\" of a murder to intense and random questioning. On May 20th, four of the suspects \"broke\" and confessed to the murder. Chambers, Davis, Williamson and Woodward were sentenced by an all-white jury to death by electric chair. S.D. McGill took up their defense case, and the legal battle to free them dragged on for years.  On February 12, 1940, Justice Thurgood Marshall and the Supreme Court overturned the four men's convictions. In 1942, after 9 years of imprisonment, the four men were declared not guilty and released. Chambers vs. Florida was a landmark case in the US Supreme Court that set the precedent that police pressure, mental torture, and threats of violence violates the Due Process Clause.","Walter Clark was also accused of compliance in multiple illegal gambling institutions. In 1950, Senator Estes Kefauver and his committee began an investigation of Sheriff Clark and his connection to illegal gambling in Broward County. Kefauver exposed Clark's involvement in the Broward Novelty Company which alledgedly owned slot machines and ran an illegal lottery. However, at the end of the trial, Clark was found not guilty on all counts. ","Walter Clark died of leukemia on April 26, 1951."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWalter R. Clark Collection, Broward County Historical Archives, Broward County Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Walter R. Clark Collection, Broward County Historical Archives, Broward County Library."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as aquisitions to the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as aquisitions to the collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Walter R. Clark collection contains correspondence, photographs, a scrapbook, and a framed collection of badges related to the professional and personal life of Walter Reed Clark, the Sheriff of Broward County from 1933 to 1950.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Walter R. Clark collection contains correspondence, photographs, a scrapbook, and a framed collection of badges related to the professional and personal life of Walter Reed Clark, the Sheriff of Broward County from 1933 to 1950."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA framed collection of Clark's badges is stored separately. An oversize photograph of Robert Clark is in an oversize photographs box.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["A framed collection of Clark's badges is stored separately. An oversize photograph of Robert Clark is in an oversize photographs box."],"names_coll_ssim":["Broward County (Fla.). Sheriff's Office"],"names_ssim":[" Broward County Historical Archives","Broward County (Fla.). Sheriff's Office"],"corpname_ssim":[" Broward County Historical Archives","Broward County (Fla.). Sheriff's Office"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":13,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"75b92a4cc3579be1cf6d672a","timestamp":"2026-07-09T01:50:38.982Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/75b92a4cc3579be1cf6d672a_aspace_b631873b0f55b53cc7d675daf67534ff"}},{"id":"09bcf49c17218b53ea32826d_aspace_67740","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Scrapbook No.1, 1924-1953, Undated","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/09bcf49c17218b53ea32826d_aspace_67740#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_67740","ref_ssm":["aspace_67740","aspace_67740"],"id":"09bcf49c17218b53ea32826d_aspace_67740","title_filing_ssi":"Scrapbook No.1","title_ssm":["Scrapbook No.1"],"title_tesim":["Scrapbook No.1"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1924-1953, Undated"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1924-1953, Undated"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Scrapbook No.1, 1924-1953, Undated"],"text":["Scrapbook No.1, 1924-1953, Undated","Susan M. Pittman Collection, 1923-1988","Scrapbooks, 1924-1984, Undated","Folder 14-16","/repositories/4/archival_objects/51041","box 2","folder 14-16"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["09bcf49c17218b53ea32826d","09bcf49c17218b53ea32826d_aspace_67738"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Susan M. Pittman Collection, 1923-1988","Scrapbooks, 1924-1984, Undated"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Susan M. Pittman Collection, 1923-1988","Scrapbooks, 1924-1984, Undated"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["Folder 14-16","/repositories/4/archival_objects/51041"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Susan M. Pittman Collection, 1923-1988"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":18,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The entire collection is open for research."],"date_range_isim":[1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953],"containers_ssim":["box 2","folder 14-16"],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#0","_nest_parent_":"09bcf49c17218b53ea32826d_aspace_67738","_root_":"09bcf49c17218b53ea32826d","timestamp":"2026-04-21T03:13:09.396Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"09bcf49c17218b53ea32826d","title_ssm":["Susan M. Pittman Collection"],"title_tesim":["Susan M. Pittman Collection"],"ead_ssi":"09bcf49c17218b53ea32826d","unitdate_ssm":["1923-1988"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1923-1988"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC.002","/repositories/4/resources/196"],"text":["SC.002","/repositories/4/resources/196","Susan M. Pittman Collection, 1923-1988","Tampa (Fla.)","Journalists -- United States -- Biography","Newspaper publishing -- Florida -- Tampa","The entire collection is open for research.","Susan M. Pittman, daughter of Faye Stokes and Colonel Wallace F. Stovall, was born in Tampa, Florida in 1912. Pittman's father was the founder of the Tampa Morning Tribune in 1893, which later became known as Tampa Tribune in 1895. Pittman attended English Classical School, Plant City High School, and then graduated from Academy of the Holy Names in Tampa, Florida. She pursued higher education and enrolled in Florida State College for Women and became a member of the sorority Pi Beta Phi and president of the Village Vamps Club, an exclusive social organization. Pittman was also a member of the Junior League of Tampa and Miami. Pittman had two marriages, her first was in 1936 to Richard A. Mack; they had a daughter also named Susan and resided in Miami, Florida where Mr. Mack was working as a real estate developer. They also spent a few years in Washington, District of Columbia. The Mack's had close relationship with President Dwight D. Eisenhower and Vice President Richard Nixon. Her second marriage later came to 1963 to Owen W. Pittman III. After her daughter, Susan Mewborn, finished her school in Miami they moved to Anderson, South Carolina to join Mr. Pittman. In early 1989, Susan passed away in Orlando.","Processed by Suphi Burak Ogreten; finding aid prepared by Suphi Burak Ogreten. Materials are housed in acid free boxes and folders. Rusty staples and paperclips were removed and substituted with plastic paper clips. For preservation purposes, all the scrapbooks were color copied in their entirety for researcher use first and then dismantled. Certain pages were also placed in plastic sleeves to prevent further deterioration.","The Susan Pittman Collection is organized into three series:","Series I: Personal Files, 1923, 1966, 1974-1977, 1988, Undated, contains an art piece from Pittman's childhood home, awards, biographical notes, correspondence, ephemera, memory books, news clippings, photographs, and a small collection of postage stamps from various countries in the world.","Series II: Publications, 1962, 1965, 1966 includes Susan Mewborn's yearbooks from Coral Gables High School \"Cavaleon\" (1962) and University of South Carolina \"Garnet and Black\" (1965, 1966).","Series III: Scrapbooks, 1925-1964, Undated, contains seven scrapbooks created by Susan Pittman and includes photographs, telegrams, notes, letters, and greeting cards. For preservation purposes, all the scrapbooks were color copied in their entirety for researcher use first and then dismantled.","Susan M. Pittman was the younger daughter of Colonel Wallace Fisher Stovall, the founder of the Tampa Tribune Publishing Company, Florida. The collection includes Susan's personal files, seven scrapbooks detailing her life and activities, materials related to her first husband Richard A. Mack, various greeting cards, letters, and stamps. A stitched landscape of Pittman's childhood home which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places is also found in the collection.","UCF Special Collections","Pittman, Susan M., 1912-1989","Stovall, Wallace F.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC.002","/repositories/4/resources/196"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1923-1988"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Susan M. Pittman Collection, 1923-1988"],"collection_title_tesim":["Susan M. Pittman Collection, 1923-1988"],"collection_ssim":["Susan M. Pittman Collection, 1923-1988"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Tampa (Fla.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Tampa (Fla.)"],"places_ssim":["Tampa (Fla.)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated by Susan M. Pittman to the University of Central Florida Libraries. Date of acquisition is unknown (CFM19XX_02)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Journalists -- United States -- Biography","Newspaper publishing -- Florida -- Tampa"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Journalists -- United States -- Biography","Newspaper publishing -- Florida -- Tampa"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3.25 Linear Feet 4 Boxes"],"extent_tesim":["3.25 Linear Feet 4 Boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSusan M. Pittman, daughter of Faye Stokes and Colonel Wallace F. Stovall, was born in Tampa, Florida in 1912. Pittman's father was the founder of the Tampa Morning Tribune in 1893, which later became known as Tampa Tribune in 1895. Pittman attended English Classical School, Plant City High School, and then graduated from Academy of the Holy Names in Tampa, Florida. She pursued higher education and enrolled in Florida State College for Women and became a member of the sorority Pi Beta Phi and president of the Village Vamps Club, an exclusive social organization. Pittman was also a member of the Junior League of Tampa and Miami. Pittman had two marriages, her first was in 1936 to Richard A. Mack; they had a daughter also named Susan and resided in Miami, Florida where Mr. Mack was working as a real estate developer. They also spent a few years in Washington, District of Columbia. The Mack's had close relationship with President Dwight D. Eisenhower and Vice President Richard Nixon. Her second marriage later came to 1963 to Owen W. Pittman III. After her daughter, Susan Mewborn, finished her school in Miami they moved to Anderson, South Carolina to join Mr. Pittman. In early 1989, Susan passed away in Orlando.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Susan M. Pittman, daughter of Faye Stokes and Colonel Wallace F. Stovall, was born in Tampa, Florida in 1912. Pittman's father was the founder of the Tampa Morning Tribune in 1893, which later became known as Tampa Tribune in 1895. Pittman attended English Classical School, Plant City High School, and then graduated from Academy of the Holy Names in Tampa, Florida. She pursued higher education and enrolled in Florida State College for Women and became a member of the sorority Pi Beta Phi and president of the Village Vamps Club, an exclusive social organization. Pittman was also a member of the Junior League of Tampa and Miami. Pittman had two marriages, her first was in 1936 to Richard A. Mack; they had a daughter also named Susan and resided in Miami, Florida where Mr. Mack was working as a real estate developer. They also spent a few years in Washington, District of Columbia. The Mack's had close relationship with President Dwight D. Eisenhower and Vice President Richard Nixon. Her second marriage later came to 1963 to Owen W. Pittman III. After her daughter, Susan Mewborn, finished her school in Miami they moved to Anderson, South Carolina to join Mr. Pittman. In early 1989, Susan passed away in Orlando."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSusan M. Pittman Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Susan M. Pittman Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Suphi Burak Ogreten; finding aid prepared by Suphi Burak Ogreten. Materials are housed in acid free boxes and folders. Rusty staples and paperclips were removed and substituted with plastic paper clips. For preservation purposes, all the scrapbooks were color copied in their entirety for researcher use first and then dismantled. Certain pages were also placed in plastic sleeves to prevent further deterioration.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Suphi Burak Ogreten; finding aid prepared by Suphi Burak Ogreten. Materials are housed in acid free boxes and folders. Rusty staples and paperclips were removed and substituted with plastic paper clips. For preservation purposes, all the scrapbooks were color copied in their entirety for researcher use first and then dismantled. Certain pages were also placed in plastic sleeves to prevent further deterioration."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Susan Pittman Collection is organized into three series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Personal Files, 1923, 1966, 1974-1977, 1988, Undated, contains an art piece from Pittman's childhood home, awards, biographical notes, correspondence, ephemera, memory books, news clippings, photographs, and a small collection of postage stamps from various countries in the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries II: Publications, 1962, 1965, 1966 includes Susan Mewborn's yearbooks from Coral Gables High School \"Cavaleon\" (1962) and University of South Carolina \"Garnet and Black\" (1965, 1966).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries III: Scrapbooks, 1925-1964, Undated, contains seven scrapbooks created by Susan Pittman and includes photographs, telegrams, notes, letters, and greeting cards. For preservation purposes, all the scrapbooks were color copied in their entirety for researcher use first and then dismantled.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Susan Pittman Collection is organized into three series:","Series I: Personal Files, 1923, 1966, 1974-1977, 1988, Undated, contains an art piece from Pittman's childhood home, awards, biographical notes, correspondence, ephemera, memory books, news clippings, photographs, and a small collection of postage stamps from various countries in the world.","Series II: Publications, 1962, 1965, 1966 includes Susan Mewborn's yearbooks from Coral Gables High School \"Cavaleon\" (1962) and University of South Carolina \"Garnet and Black\" (1965, 1966).","Series III: Scrapbooks, 1925-1964, Undated, contains seven scrapbooks created by Susan Pittman and includes photographs, telegrams, notes, letters, and greeting cards. For preservation purposes, all the scrapbooks were color copied in their entirety for researcher use first and then dismantled."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_a6fe0aaf2dcbf1f988f9f1e951fd3416\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eSusan M. Pittman was the younger daughter of Colonel Wallace Fisher Stovall, the founder of the Tampa Tribune Publishing Company, Florida. The collection includes Susan's personal files, seven scrapbooks detailing her life and activities, materials related to her first husband Richard A. Mack, various greeting cards, letters, and stamps. A stitched landscape of Pittman's childhood home which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places is also found in the collection.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Susan M. Pittman was the younger daughter of Colonel Wallace Fisher Stovall, the founder of the Tampa Tribune Publishing Company, Florida. The collection includes Susan's personal files, seven scrapbooks detailing her life and activities, materials related to her first husband Richard A. Mack, various greeting cards, letters, and stamps. A stitched landscape of Pittman's childhood home which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places is also found in the collection."],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Pittman, Susan M., 1912-1989","Stovall, Wallace F."],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"names_coll_ssim":["Pittman, Susan M., 1912-1989","Stovall, Wallace F."],"persname_ssim":["Pittman, Susan M., 1912-1989","Stovall, Wallace F."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":24,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"09bcf49c17218b53ea32826d","timestamp":"2026-04-21T03:13:09.396Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/09bcf49c17218b53ea32826d_aspace_67740"}},{"id":"a4845bfaa07fb1a2508d4004_aspace_70dea7e8b8bfc8c5fa0f097dad51e784","type":"Box","attributes":{"title":"Scrapbooks, 1914-1936","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/a4845bfaa07fb1a2508d4004_aspace_70dea7e8b8bfc8c5fa0f097dad51e784#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_70dea7e8b8bfc8c5fa0f097dad51e784","ref_ssm":["aspace_70dea7e8b8bfc8c5fa0f097dad51e784","aspace_70dea7e8b8bfc8c5fa0f097dad51e784"],"id":"a4845bfaa07fb1a2508d4004_aspace_70dea7e8b8bfc8c5fa0f097dad51e784","title_filing_ssi":"Scrapbooks","title_ssm":["Scrapbooks"],"title_tesim":["Scrapbooks"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1914-1936"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1914-1936"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Scrapbooks, 1914-1936"],"text":["Scrapbooks, 1914-1936","Willie Lowry papers, 1873-1946","Scrapbooks","Box 21","/repositories/2/archival_objects/214373","box 21"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["a4845bfaa07fb1a2508d4004","a4845bfaa07fb1a2508d4004_aspace_ea352100cc8c1a1f04b22a0c803542c5"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Willie Lowry papers, 1873-1946","Scrapbooks"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Willie Lowry papers, 1873-1946","Scrapbooks"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["Box 21","/repositories/2/archival_objects/214373"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Willie Lowry papers, 1873-1946"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":2,"level_ssm":["Box"],"level_ssim":["Box"],"sort_isi":260,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["At the donor's request, the collection was previously closed until January 2015. There are no other restrictions on the use of the collection."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["None. The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information."],"date_range_isim":[1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936],"containers_ssim":["box 21"],"_nest_path_":"/components#4/components#4","_nest_parent_":"a4845bfaa07fb1a2508d4004_aspace_ea352100cc8c1a1f04b22a0c803542c5","_root_":"a4845bfaa07fb1a2508d4004","_version_":1875301641343729664,"timestamp":"2026-09-03T09:16:50.862Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"a4845bfaa07fb1a2508d4004","title_filing_ssi":"Willie Lowry papers","title_ssm":["Willie Lowry papers"],"title_tesim":["Willie Lowry papers"],"ead_ssi":"a4845bfaa07fb1a2508d4004","unitdate_ssm":["1873-1946"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1873-1946"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.1989.06","/repositories/2/resources/753"],"text":["MS.1989.06","/repositories/2/resources/753","Willie Lowry papers, 1873-1946","Tampa Bay Region (Fla.) -- History","South Carolina","Palatka (Fla.)","Tampa (Fla.) -- Social life and customs","Military","At the donor's request, the collection was previously closed until January 2015. There are no other restrictions on the use of the collection.","Willie Miller Lowry was born in Raleigh, North Carolina on July 15, 1862. She was the daughter of Dr. William Robards Miller and Mary Frances Britton. Orphaned at an early eage, Willie moved to Rock Hill, South Carolina to live with her married sister, Mrs. Isabella Wilson. She attended Salem Female Academy where she learned secretarial skills. After graduation, she worked as a secretary for various employers such as the Chairman of the Democratice Party in 1888 and the Peace Institute in 1889 as an instructor of typing and shorthand. ","Willie Miller met Sumter Lowry in Rock Hill, South Carolina in 1885. Sumter Lowry was a native of York, South Carolina who was born on February 26, 1861. He attended Kings Mountain Military Academy and, then, the Medical and Pharmaceutical College in Charleston, South Carolina. Lowry moved to Palatka, Florida in 1886 to manage their Florida store while Starr handled their South Carolina business. Willie and Sumter corresponded regularly while he was working in Palatka.","They were married on December 18, 1890, first settling in Palatka, then St. Augustine and finally, in late 1894, Tampa where they built a home on Plant Avenue and had five children: Willie Louise, Sumter, Jr., Blackburn, Loper, and Isabella. Prior to the Lowry's move to Tampa, Sumter had decided to leave the pharmacy business and embark on a career as an insurance agent thorugh the help of his friend, G. Loper Bailey who he had met in Palatka. Sumter frequently traveled as an insurance agent, but reguarly corresponded with his wife. ","Although she enjoyed being a wife and mother, Willie strongely believed in the importance of being active in the community. Willie founded or was active in numerous civic and social activities and, participated in many state and national issues such as the women's suffrage movement, Tampa's Woman's Club, and Tampa's Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA). In 1900 she wrote a letter to Andrew Carnegie and secured $50,000 to establish a local public library.","Willie Lowry was deeply interested in the welfare of young people. She participated in the first kindergarten movement and formation of the first kindergarten association in Tampa. In 1916, she start what was the first Girl Scout troop to be formed in the South after Juliet Lowe had established the organization and served as their first counselor. She also founded two clubs to help her children become more socially and culturally active: the \"Would-Be-Goods\" in 1901 for young girls and the \"Merry Makers\" in 1913 for her son, Loper and his friends. The latter club still exists as an exclusive men's club.","When the United States became invovled in World War I, Willie Lowry volunteered her time to the Red Cross. As a Red Cross volunteer, she held several important chairmanships and helped raise thousands of dollars for supplies and training. In 1928, she was decorated by King Alfonso XIII of Spain with the \"Royal Order of the Lace Isabella Cathlica\" in recognition of her efforts in promoting the role of Spain in the settlement and history of early America, especially, Florida. ","Willie Lowry continued to be active in the community but failing health limited her involvement. She passed away on August 14, 1936.","References:","Dillon, P. (1999). Clubwomen and Civic Activism: Willie Lowry and Tampa's Club Movement. The Florida Historical Quarterly, 77(4), 429–444. http://www.jstor.org/stable/30150827","Mrs. W. L. Lowry, Pioneer Tampa Woman, Is Dead\". Tampa Times. Tampa, FL. August 15, 1946. p. 2 – via Newspapers.com.","Sumter Lowry papers, USF Libraries – Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.","The Willie Lowry papers have been arranged by the type of materials found in the collection and organized into series. A large portion of the collection is correspondence to and from Willie to Sumter Lowry. The bulk of the material in the collection falls within the period of the 1880s and 1920s with no significant gaps in the documentation.  ","The collection contains a significant volume of information on Tampa Bay and other regions in Florida. Further, a substantial portion of the material is intrinsically significant in that it contains items which are believed to be the only ones in existence. Some examples of these items are the first breakfast and dinner menus of the Tampa Bay Hotel, a program from the Hotel's Opening Ball and a full page of the Tampa Daily Journal with an article on the completion of the Hotel. ","None. The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information.","USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Lowry, Willie","Lowry, Sumter de Leon, Jr., 1893-1985","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.1989.06","/repositories/2/resources/753"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1873-1946"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Willie Lowry papers, 1873-1946"],"collection_title_tesim":["Willie Lowry papers, 1873-1946"],"collection_ssim":["Willie Lowry papers, 1873-1946"],"repository_ssm":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Tampa Bay Region (Fla.) -- History","South Carolina","Palatka (Fla.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Tampa Bay Region (Fla.) -- History","South Carolina","Palatka (Fla.)"],"creator_ssm":["Lowry, Willie","Lowry, Sumter de Leon, Jr., 1893-1985"],"creator_ssim":["Lowry, Willie","Lowry, Sumter de Leon, Jr., 1893-1985"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Lowry, Willie","Lowry, Sumter de Leon, Jr., 1893-1985"],"creators_ssim":["Lowry, Willie","Lowry, Sumter de Leon, Jr., 1893-1985"],"places_ssim":["Tampa Bay Region (Fla.) -- History","South Carolina","Palatka (Fla.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["None. The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Ann Lowry Murphey, material grandaughter of Willie Lowry"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Tampa (Fla.) -- Social life and customs","Military"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Tampa (Fla.) -- Social life and customs","Military"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["22 boxes","13.69 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["22 boxes","13.69 Linear Feet"],"physfacet_tesim":["16 Hollingers and 6 Flat, Oversized Boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAt the donor's request, the collection was previously closed until January 2015. There are no other restrictions on the use of the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["At the donor's request, the collection was previously closed until January 2015. There are no other restrictions on the use of the collection."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWillie Miller Lowry was born in Raleigh, North Carolina on July 15, 1862. She was the daughter of Dr. William Robards Miller and Mary Frances Britton. Orphaned at an early eage, Willie moved to Rock Hill, South Carolina to live with her married sister, Mrs. Isabella Wilson. She attended Salem Female Academy where she learned secretarial skills. After graduation, she worked as a secretary for various employers such as the Chairman of the Democratice Party in 1888 and the Peace Institute in 1889 as an instructor of typing and shorthand. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWillie Miller met Sumter Lowry in Rock Hill, South Carolina in 1885. Sumter Lowry was a native of York, South Carolina who was born on February 26, 1861. He attended Kings Mountain Military Academy and, then, the Medical and Pharmaceutical College in Charleston, South Carolina. Lowry moved to Palatka, Florida in 1886 to manage their Florida store while Starr handled their South Carolina business. Willie and Sumter corresponded regularly while he was working in Palatka.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThey were married on December 18, 1890, first settling in Palatka, then St. Augustine and finally, in late 1894, Tampa where they built a home on Plant Avenue and had five children: Willie Louise, Sumter, Jr., Blackburn, Loper, and Isabella. Prior to the Lowry's move to Tampa, Sumter had decided to leave the pharmacy business and embark on a career as an insurance agent thorugh the help of his friend, G. Loper Bailey who he had met in Palatka. Sumter frequently traveled as an insurance agent, but reguarly corresponded with his wife. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlthough she enjoyed being a wife and mother, Willie strongely believed in the importance of being active in the community. Willie founded or was active in numerous civic and social activities and, participated in many state and national issues such as the women's suffrage movement, Tampa's Woman's Club, and Tampa's Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA). In 1900 she wrote a letter to Andrew Carnegie and secured $50,000 to establish a local public library.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWillie Lowry was deeply interested in the welfare of young people. She participated in the first kindergarten movement and formation of the first kindergarten association in Tampa. In 1916, she start what was the first Girl Scout troop to be formed in the South after Juliet Lowe had established the organization and served as their first counselor. She also founded two clubs to help her children become more socially and culturally active: the \"Would-Be-Goods\" in 1901 for young girls and the \"Merry Makers\" in 1913 for her son, Loper and his friends. The latter club still exists as an exclusive men's club.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhen the United States became invovled in World War I, Willie Lowry volunteered her time to the Red Cross. As a Red Cross volunteer, she held several important chairmanships and helped raise thousands of dollars for supplies and training. In 1928, she was decorated by King Alfonso XIII of Spain with the \"Royal Order of the Lace Isabella Cathlica\" in recognition of her efforts in promoting the role of Spain in the settlement and history of early America, especially, Florida. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWillie Lowry continued to be active in the community but failing health limited her involvement. She passed away on August 14, 1936.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReferences:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDillon, P. (1999). Clubwomen and Civic Activism: Willie Lowry and Tampa's Club Movement. The Florida Historical Quarterly, 77(4), 429\u0026#x2013;444. http://www.jstor.org/stable/30150827\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMrs. W. L. Lowry, Pioneer Tampa Woman, Is Dead\". Tampa Times. Tampa, FL. August 15, 1946. p. 2 \u0026#x2013; via Newspapers.com.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Willie Miller Lowry was born in Raleigh, North Carolina on July 15, 1862. She was the daughter of Dr. William Robards Miller and Mary Frances Britton. Orphaned at an early eage, Willie moved to Rock Hill, South Carolina to live with her married sister, Mrs. Isabella Wilson. She attended Salem Female Academy where she learned secretarial skills. After graduation, she worked as a secretary for various employers such as the Chairman of the Democratice Party in 1888 and the Peace Institute in 1889 as an instructor of typing and shorthand. ","Willie Miller met Sumter Lowry in Rock Hill, South Carolina in 1885. Sumter Lowry was a native of York, South Carolina who was born on February 26, 1861. He attended Kings Mountain Military Academy and, then, the Medical and Pharmaceutical College in Charleston, South Carolina. Lowry moved to Palatka, Florida in 1886 to manage their Florida store while Starr handled their South Carolina business. Willie and Sumter corresponded regularly while he was working in Palatka.","They were married on December 18, 1890, first settling in Palatka, then St. Augustine and finally, in late 1894, Tampa where they built a home on Plant Avenue and had five children: Willie Louise, Sumter, Jr., Blackburn, Loper, and Isabella. Prior to the Lowry's move to Tampa, Sumter had decided to leave the pharmacy business and embark on a career as an insurance agent thorugh the help of his friend, G. Loper Bailey who he had met in Palatka. Sumter frequently traveled as an insurance agent, but reguarly corresponded with his wife. ","Although she enjoyed being a wife and mother, Willie strongely believed in the importance of being active in the community. Willie founded or was active in numerous civic and social activities and, participated in many state and national issues such as the women's suffrage movement, Tampa's Woman's Club, and Tampa's Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA). In 1900 she wrote a letter to Andrew Carnegie and secured $50,000 to establish a local public library.","Willie Lowry was deeply interested in the welfare of young people. She participated in the first kindergarten movement and formation of the first kindergarten association in Tampa. In 1916, she start what was the first Girl Scout troop to be formed in the South after Juliet Lowe had established the organization and served as their first counselor. She also founded two clubs to help her children become more socially and culturally active: the \"Would-Be-Goods\" in 1901 for young girls and the \"Merry Makers\" in 1913 for her son, Loper and his friends. The latter club still exists as an exclusive men's club.","When the United States became invovled in World War I, Willie Lowry volunteered her time to the Red Cross. As a Red Cross volunteer, she held several important chairmanships and helped raise thousands of dollars for supplies and training. In 1928, she was decorated by King Alfonso XIII of Spain with the \"Royal Order of the Lace Isabella Cathlica\" in recognition of her efforts in promoting the role of Spain in the settlement and history of early America, especially, Florida. ","Willie Lowry continued to be active in the community but failing health limited her involvement. She passed away on August 14, 1936.","References:","Dillon, P. (1999). Clubwomen and Civic Activism: Willie Lowry and Tampa's Club Movement. The Florida Historical Quarterly, 77(4), 429–444. http://www.jstor.org/stable/30150827","Mrs. W. L. Lowry, Pioneer Tampa Woman, Is Dead\". Tampa Times. Tampa, FL. August 15, 1946. p. 2 – via Newspapers.com."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWillie Lowry papers, USF Libraries \u0026#x2013; Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Willie Lowry papers, USF Libraries – Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSumter Lowry papers, USF Libraries \u0026#x2013; Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Sumter Lowry papers, USF Libraries – Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Willie Lowry papers have been arranged by the type of materials found in the collection and organized into series. A large portion of the collection is correspondence to and from Willie to Sumter Lowry. The bulk of the material in the collection falls within the period of the 1880s and 1920s with no significant gaps in the documentation.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains a significant volume of information on Tampa Bay and other regions in Florida. Further, a substantial portion of the material is intrinsically significant in that it contains items which are believed to be the only ones in existence. Some examples of these items are the first breakfast and dinner menus of the Tampa Bay Hotel, a program from the Hotel's Opening Ball and a full page of the Tampa Daily Journal with an article on the completion of the Hotel. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Willie Lowry papers have been arranged by the type of materials found in the collection and organized into series. A large portion of the collection is correspondence to and from Willie to Sumter Lowry. The bulk of the material in the collection falls within the period of the 1880s and 1920s with no significant gaps in the documentation.  ","The collection contains a significant volume of information on Tampa Bay and other regions in Florida. Further, a substantial portion of the material is intrinsically significant in that it contains items which are believed to be the only ones in existence. Some examples of these items are the first breakfast and dinner menus of the Tampa Bay Hotel, a program from the Hotel's Opening Ball and a full page of the Tampa Daily Journal with an article on the completion of the Hotel. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone. The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["None. The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information."],"names_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Lowry, Willie","Lowry, Sumter de Leon, Jr., 1893-1985"],"corpname_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Lowry, Willie","Lowry, Sumter de Leon, Jr., 1893-1985"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":273,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1875301641343729664,"_root_":"a4845bfaa07fb1a2508d4004","timestamp":"2026-09-03T09:16:50.862Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/a4845bfaa07fb1a2508d4004_aspace_70dea7e8b8bfc8c5fa0f097dad51e784"}},{"id":"09bcf49c17218b53ea32826d_aspace_67738","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Scrapbooks, 1924-1984, Undated","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/09bcf49c17218b53ea32826d_aspace_67738#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eSeries contains seven scrapbooks created by Susan M. Pittman includes photographs, telegrams, notes, letters, and greeting cards. For preservation purposes, all the scrapbooks were color copied in their entirety for researcher use first and then dismantled. Certain pages were also placed in plastic sleeves to prevent futher deterioration.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/09bcf49c17218b53ea32826d_aspace_67738#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_67738","ref_ssm":["aspace_67738","aspace_67738"],"id":"09bcf49c17218b53ea32826d_aspace_67738","title_filing_ssi":"Scrapbooks","title_ssm":["Scrapbooks"],"title_tesim":["Scrapbooks"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1924-1984, Undated"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1924-1984, Undated"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Scrapbooks, 1924-1984, Undated"],"text":["Scrapbooks, 1924-1984, Undated","Susan M. Pittman Collection, 1923-1988","3","/repositories/4/archival_objects/51040","Series contains seven scrapbooks created by Susan M. Pittman includes photographs, telegrams, notes, letters, and greeting cards. For preservation purposes, all the scrapbooks were color copied in their entirety for researcher use first and then dismantled. Certain pages were also placed in plastic sleeves to prevent futher deterioration."],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ids_ssim":["09bcf49c17218b53ea32826d"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Susan M. Pittman Collection, 1923-1988"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Susan M. Pittman Collection, 1923-1988"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"unitid_ssm":["3","/repositories/4/archival_objects/51040"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Susan M. Pittman Collection, 1923-1988"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":7,"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"sort_isi":17,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The entire collection is open for research."],"date_range_isim":[1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries contains seven scrapbooks created by Susan M. Pittman includes photographs, telegrams, notes, letters, and greeting cards. For preservation purposes, all the scrapbooks were color copied in their entirety for researcher use first and then dismantled. Certain pages were also placed in plastic sleeves to prevent futher deterioration.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Series contains seven scrapbooks created by Susan M. Pittman includes photographs, telegrams, notes, letters, and greeting cards. For preservation purposes, all the scrapbooks were color copied in their entirety for researcher use first and then dismantled. Certain pages were also placed in plastic sleeves to prevent futher deterioration."],"_nest_path_":"/components#2","_nest_parent_":"09bcf49c17218b53ea32826d","_root_":"09bcf49c17218b53ea32826d","timestamp":"2026-04-21T03:13:09.396Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"09bcf49c17218b53ea32826d","title_ssm":["Susan M. Pittman Collection"],"title_tesim":["Susan M. Pittman Collection"],"ead_ssi":"09bcf49c17218b53ea32826d","unitdate_ssm":["1923-1988"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1923-1988"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC.002","/repositories/4/resources/196"],"text":["SC.002","/repositories/4/resources/196","Susan M. Pittman Collection, 1923-1988","Tampa (Fla.)","Journalists -- United States -- Biography","Newspaper publishing -- Florida -- Tampa","The entire collection is open for research.","Susan M. Pittman, daughter of Faye Stokes and Colonel Wallace F. Stovall, was born in Tampa, Florida in 1912. Pittman's father was the founder of the Tampa Morning Tribune in 1893, which later became known as Tampa Tribune in 1895. Pittman attended English Classical School, Plant City High School, and then graduated from Academy of the Holy Names in Tampa, Florida. She pursued higher education and enrolled in Florida State College for Women and became a member of the sorority Pi Beta Phi and president of the Village Vamps Club, an exclusive social organization. Pittman was also a member of the Junior League of Tampa and Miami. Pittman had two marriages, her first was in 1936 to Richard A. Mack; they had a daughter also named Susan and resided in Miami, Florida where Mr. Mack was working as a real estate developer. They also spent a few years in Washington, District of Columbia. The Mack's had close relationship with President Dwight D. Eisenhower and Vice President Richard Nixon. Her second marriage later came to 1963 to Owen W. Pittman III. After her daughter, Susan Mewborn, finished her school in Miami they moved to Anderson, South Carolina to join Mr. Pittman. In early 1989, Susan passed away in Orlando.","Processed by Suphi Burak Ogreten; finding aid prepared by Suphi Burak Ogreten. Materials are housed in acid free boxes and folders. Rusty staples and paperclips were removed and substituted with plastic paper clips. For preservation purposes, all the scrapbooks were color copied in their entirety for researcher use first and then dismantled. Certain pages were also placed in plastic sleeves to prevent further deterioration.","The Susan Pittman Collection is organized into three series:","Series I: Personal Files, 1923, 1966, 1974-1977, 1988, Undated, contains an art piece from Pittman's childhood home, awards, biographical notes, correspondence, ephemera, memory books, news clippings, photographs, and a small collection of postage stamps from various countries in the world.","Series II: Publications, 1962, 1965, 1966 includes Susan Mewborn's yearbooks from Coral Gables High School \"Cavaleon\" (1962) and University of South Carolina \"Garnet and Black\" (1965, 1966).","Series III: Scrapbooks, 1925-1964, Undated, contains seven scrapbooks created by Susan Pittman and includes photographs, telegrams, notes, letters, and greeting cards. For preservation purposes, all the scrapbooks were color copied in their entirety for researcher use first and then dismantled.","Susan M. Pittman was the younger daughter of Colonel Wallace Fisher Stovall, the founder of the Tampa Tribune Publishing Company, Florida. The collection includes Susan's personal files, seven scrapbooks detailing her life and activities, materials related to her first husband Richard A. Mack, various greeting cards, letters, and stamps. A stitched landscape of Pittman's childhood home which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places is also found in the collection.","UCF Special Collections","Pittman, Susan M., 1912-1989","Stovall, Wallace F.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC.002","/repositories/4/resources/196"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1923-1988"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Susan M. Pittman Collection, 1923-1988"],"collection_title_tesim":["Susan M. Pittman Collection, 1923-1988"],"collection_ssim":["Susan M. Pittman Collection, 1923-1988"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Tampa (Fla.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Tampa (Fla.)"],"places_ssim":["Tampa (Fla.)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated by Susan M. Pittman to the University of Central Florida Libraries. Date of acquisition is unknown (CFM19XX_02)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Journalists -- United States -- Biography","Newspaper publishing -- Florida -- Tampa"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Journalists -- United States -- Biography","Newspaper publishing -- Florida -- Tampa"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3.25 Linear Feet 4 Boxes"],"extent_tesim":["3.25 Linear Feet 4 Boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSusan M. Pittman, daughter of Faye Stokes and Colonel Wallace F. Stovall, was born in Tampa, Florida in 1912. Pittman's father was the founder of the Tampa Morning Tribune in 1893, which later became known as Tampa Tribune in 1895. Pittman attended English Classical School, Plant City High School, and then graduated from Academy of the Holy Names in Tampa, Florida. She pursued higher education and enrolled in Florida State College for Women and became a member of the sorority Pi Beta Phi and president of the Village Vamps Club, an exclusive social organization. Pittman was also a member of the Junior League of Tampa and Miami. Pittman had two marriages, her first was in 1936 to Richard A. Mack; they had a daughter also named Susan and resided in Miami, Florida where Mr. Mack was working as a real estate developer. They also spent a few years in Washington, District of Columbia. The Mack's had close relationship with President Dwight D. Eisenhower and Vice President Richard Nixon. Her second marriage later came to 1963 to Owen W. Pittman III. After her daughter, Susan Mewborn, finished her school in Miami they moved to Anderson, South Carolina to join Mr. Pittman. In early 1989, Susan passed away in Orlando.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Susan M. Pittman, daughter of Faye Stokes and Colonel Wallace F. Stovall, was born in Tampa, Florida in 1912. Pittman's father was the founder of the Tampa Morning Tribune in 1893, which later became known as Tampa Tribune in 1895. Pittman attended English Classical School, Plant City High School, and then graduated from Academy of the Holy Names in Tampa, Florida. She pursued higher education and enrolled in Florida State College for Women and became a member of the sorority Pi Beta Phi and president of the Village Vamps Club, an exclusive social organization. Pittman was also a member of the Junior League of Tampa and Miami. Pittman had two marriages, her first was in 1936 to Richard A. Mack; they had a daughter also named Susan and resided in Miami, Florida where Mr. Mack was working as a real estate developer. They also spent a few years in Washington, District of Columbia. The Mack's had close relationship with President Dwight D. Eisenhower and Vice President Richard Nixon. Her second marriage later came to 1963 to Owen W. Pittman III. After her daughter, Susan Mewborn, finished her school in Miami they moved to Anderson, South Carolina to join Mr. Pittman. In early 1989, Susan passed away in Orlando."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSusan M. Pittman Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Susan M. Pittman Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Suphi Burak Ogreten; finding aid prepared by Suphi Burak Ogreten. Materials are housed in acid free boxes and folders. Rusty staples and paperclips were removed and substituted with plastic paper clips. For preservation purposes, all the scrapbooks were color copied in their entirety for researcher use first and then dismantled. Certain pages were also placed in plastic sleeves to prevent further deterioration.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Suphi Burak Ogreten; finding aid prepared by Suphi Burak Ogreten. Materials are housed in acid free boxes and folders. Rusty staples and paperclips were removed and substituted with plastic paper clips. For preservation purposes, all the scrapbooks were color copied in their entirety for researcher use first and then dismantled. Certain pages were also placed in plastic sleeves to prevent further deterioration."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Susan Pittman Collection is organized into three series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Personal Files, 1923, 1966, 1974-1977, 1988, Undated, contains an art piece from Pittman's childhood home, awards, biographical notes, correspondence, ephemera, memory books, news clippings, photographs, and a small collection of postage stamps from various countries in the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries II: Publications, 1962, 1965, 1966 includes Susan Mewborn's yearbooks from Coral Gables High School \"Cavaleon\" (1962) and University of South Carolina \"Garnet and Black\" (1965, 1966).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries III: Scrapbooks, 1925-1964, Undated, contains seven scrapbooks created by Susan Pittman and includes photographs, telegrams, notes, letters, and greeting cards. For preservation purposes, all the scrapbooks were color copied in their entirety for researcher use first and then dismantled.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Susan Pittman Collection is organized into three series:","Series I: Personal Files, 1923, 1966, 1974-1977, 1988, Undated, contains an art piece from Pittman's childhood home, awards, biographical notes, correspondence, ephemera, memory books, news clippings, photographs, and a small collection of postage stamps from various countries in the world.","Series II: Publications, 1962, 1965, 1966 includes Susan Mewborn's yearbooks from Coral Gables High School \"Cavaleon\" (1962) and University of South Carolina \"Garnet and Black\" (1965, 1966).","Series III: Scrapbooks, 1925-1964, Undated, contains seven scrapbooks created by Susan Pittman and includes photographs, telegrams, notes, letters, and greeting cards. For preservation purposes, all the scrapbooks were color copied in their entirety for researcher use first and then dismantled."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_a6fe0aaf2dcbf1f988f9f1e951fd3416\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eSusan M. Pittman was the younger daughter of Colonel Wallace Fisher Stovall, the founder of the Tampa Tribune Publishing Company, Florida. The collection includes Susan's personal files, seven scrapbooks detailing her life and activities, materials related to her first husband Richard A. Mack, various greeting cards, letters, and stamps. A stitched landscape of Pittman's childhood home which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places is also found in the collection.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Susan M. Pittman was the younger daughter of Colonel Wallace Fisher Stovall, the founder of the Tampa Tribune Publishing Company, Florida. The collection includes Susan's personal files, seven scrapbooks detailing her life and activities, materials related to her first husband Richard A. Mack, various greeting cards, letters, and stamps. A stitched landscape of Pittman's childhood home which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places is also found in the collection."],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Pittman, Susan M., 1912-1989","Stovall, Wallace F."],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"names_coll_ssim":["Pittman, Susan M., 1912-1989","Stovall, Wallace F."],"persname_ssim":["Pittman, Susan M., 1912-1989","Stovall, Wallace F."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":24,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"09bcf49c17218b53ea32826d","timestamp":"2026-04-21T03:13:09.396Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/09bcf49c17218b53ea32826d_aspace_67738"}},{"id":"d080e65ff7ab7b5f7f86b99e_aspace_dfd01c4196324e294913445799d80207","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Sealey, R. M., 1926","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/d080e65ff7ab7b5f7f86b99e_aspace_dfd01c4196324e294913445799d80207#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_dfd01c4196324e294913445799d80207","ref_ssm":["aspace_dfd01c4196324e294913445799d80207","aspace_dfd01c4196324e294913445799d80207"],"id":"d080e65ff7ab7b5f7f86b99e_aspace_dfd01c4196324e294913445799d80207","title_filing_ssi":"Sealey, R. M. ","title_ssm":["Sealey, R. M. "],"title_tesim":["Sealey, R. M. "],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1926"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1926"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Sealey, R. M., 1926"],"text":["Sealey, R. M., 1926","Ulrich J. Bennett Collection, Circa 1926-1963","Correspondence","/repositories/4/archival_objects/2132","box 1","folder 16"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["d080e65ff7ab7b5f7f86b99e","d080e65ff7ab7b5f7f86b99e_aspace_afb31b6621a85f46662fbc5fd4a13c9a"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Ulrich J. Bennett Collection, Circa 1926-1963","Correspondence"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Ulrich J. Bennett Collection, Circa 1926-1963","Correspondence"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/4/archival_objects/2132"],"repository_ssim":["Broward County Historical Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Ulrich J. Bennett Collection, Circa 1926-1963"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":17,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The Bennett Collection is open for research."],"date_range_isim":[1926],"containers_ssim":["box 1","folder 16"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#15","_nest_parent_":"d080e65ff7ab7b5f7f86b99e_aspace_afb31b6621a85f46662fbc5fd4a13c9a","_root_":"d080e65ff7ab7b5f7f86b99e","_version_":1873196202281926656,"timestamp":"2026-08-11T03:31:47.705Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"d080e65ff7ab7b5f7f86b99e","title_filing_ssi":"Bennett, Ulrich J. Collection","title_ssm":["Ulrich J. Bennett Collection"],"title_tesim":["Ulrich J. Bennett Collection"],"ead_ssi":"d080e65ff7ab7b5f7f86b99e","unitdate_ssm":["Circa 1926-1963"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Circa 1926-1963"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["BCHA.2003.10","/repositories/4/resources/94"],"text":["BCHA.2003.10","/repositories/4/resources/94","Ulrich J. Bennett Collection, Circa 1926-1963","Fort Lauderdale (Fla.)","Broward County (Fla.)","Hurricanes","Segregation in education","School buildings","Teachers","The Bennett Collection is open for research.","Ulric Joseph Bennett was born in Georgia on August 28, 1888. He graduated from the University of Georgia and studied public school administration at the University of Chicago, the University of Michigan, and Columbia University. He taught in rural schools in Georgia and also taught mathematics and science at Piedmont College in Athens, Georgia. He was principal of several high schools and later Superintendent of Schools at Fitzgerald, Georgia, and Dalton, Georgia, before he arrived in Fort Lauderdale in 1926. Bennett was principal of the Fort Lauderdale Central Schools until 1931. Bennett served as the Superintendent of the Broward County School District from 1931-1952. To honor the Superintendent, the Bennett Elementary School opened in 1952. Bennett died in Leon, Florida on January 28, 1982.","This collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection.","The Ulrich J. Bennett Collection contains books, postcards, photographs and records from the Broward County School system, circa 1926-1963. Content in this collection highlights the career of Ulrich Joseph Bennett, Superintendent of Broward County Schools. It also includes publications, postcards, and ephemera related to Fort Lauderdale."," Broward County Historical Archives","Ulrich J. Bennett (Ulrich Joseph)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["BCHA.2003.10","/repositories/4/resources/94"],"normalized_date_ssm":["Circa 1926-1963"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ulrich J. Bennett Collection, Circa 1926-1963"],"collection_title_tesim":["Ulrich J. Bennett Collection, Circa 1926-1963"],"collection_ssim":["Ulrich J. Bennett Collection, Circa 1926-1963"],"repository_ssm":["Broward County Historical Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Broward County Historical Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Fort Lauderdale (Fla.)","Broward County (Fla.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Fort Lauderdale (Fla.)","Broward County (Fla.)"],"places_ssim":["Fort Lauderdale (Fla.)","Broward County (Fla.)"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Hurricanes","Segregation in education","School buildings","Teachers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Hurricanes","Segregation in education","School buildings","Teachers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2 Hollinger Boxes"],"extent_tesim":["2 Hollinger Boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Bennett Collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The Bennett Collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUlric Joseph Bennett was born in Georgia on August 28, 1888. He graduated from the University of Georgia and studied public school administration at the University of Chicago, the University of Michigan, and Columbia University. He taught in rural schools in Georgia and also taught mathematics and science at Piedmont College in Athens, Georgia. He was principal of several high schools and later Superintendent of Schools at Fitzgerald, Georgia, and Dalton, Georgia, before he arrived in Fort Lauderdale in 1926. Bennett was principal of the Fort Lauderdale Central Schools until 1931. Bennett served as the Superintendent of the Broward County School District from 1931-1952. To honor the Superintendent, the Bennett Elementary School opened in 1952. Bennett died in Leon, Florida on January 28, 1982.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Ulric Joseph Bennett was born in Georgia on August 28, 1888. He graduated from the University of Georgia and studied public school administration at the University of Chicago, the University of Michigan, and Columbia University. He taught in rural schools in Georgia and also taught mathematics and science at Piedmont College in Athens, Georgia. He was principal of several high schools and later Superintendent of Schools at Fitzgerald, Georgia, and Dalton, Georgia, before he arrived in Fort Lauderdale in 1926. Bennett was principal of the Fort Lauderdale Central Schools until 1931. Bennett served as the Superintendent of the Broward County School District from 1931-1952. To honor the Superintendent, the Bennett Elementary School opened in 1952. Bennett died in Leon, Florida on January 28, 1982."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUlrich J. Bennett Collection, Broward County Historical Archives, Broward County Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Ulrich J. Bennett Collection, Broward County Historical Archives, Broward County Library."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Ulrich J. Bennett Collection contains books, postcards, photographs and records from the Broward County School system, circa 1926-1963. Content in this collection highlights the career of Ulrich Joseph Bennett, Superintendent of Broward County Schools. It also includes publications, postcards, and ephemera related to Fort Lauderdale.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Ulrich J. Bennett Collection contains books, postcards, photographs and records from the Broward County School system, circa 1926-1963. Content in this collection highlights the career of Ulrich Joseph Bennett, Superintendent of Broward County Schools. It also includes publications, postcards, and ephemera related to Fort Lauderdale."],"names_ssim":[" Broward County Historical Archives","Ulrich J. Bennett (Ulrich Joseph)"],"corpname_ssim":[" Broward County Historical Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["Ulrich J. Bennett (Ulrich Joseph)"],"persname_ssim":["Ulrich J. Bennett (Ulrich Joseph)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":61,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1873196202281926656,"_root_":"d080e65ff7ab7b5f7f86b99e","timestamp":"2026-08-11T03:31:47.705Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/d080e65ff7ab7b5f7f86b99e_aspace_dfd01c4196324e294913445799d80207"}},{"id":"8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f_aspace_047863398df3179ddc7d900476daaaf4","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"\"Seccion de Propoganda,\" Minutes, 1913-1929","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f_aspace_047863398df3179ddc7d900476daaaf4#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_047863398df3179ddc7d900476daaaf4","ref_ssm":["aspace_047863398df3179ddc7d900476daaaf4","aspace_047863398df3179ddc7d900476daaaf4"],"id":"8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f_aspace_047863398df3179ddc7d900476daaaf4","title_filing_ssi":"\"Seccion de Propoganda,\" Minutes","title_ssm":["\"Seccion de Propoganda,\" Minutes"],"title_tesim":["\"Seccion de Propoganda,\" Minutes"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1913-1929"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1913-1929"],"normalized_title_ssm":["\"Seccion de Propoganda,\" Minutes, 1913-1929"],"text":["\"Seccion de Propoganda,\" Minutes, 1913-1929","Centro Asturiano de Tampa collection, 1902-2007, Date acquired: 00/00/1989, bulk 1902-1987","Records","Section Records","2","/repositories/2/archival_objects/181471","box 14","folder 2"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f","8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f_aspace_84381","8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f_aspace_d16110fa2806674a769033e0a191be8e"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa collection, 1902-2007, Date acquired: 00/00/1989, bulk 1902-1987","Records","Section Records"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa collection, 1902-2007, Date acquired: 00/00/1989, bulk 1902-1987","Records","Section Records"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Box"],"unitid_ssm":["2","/repositories/2/archival_objects/181471"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa collection, 1902-2007, Date acquired: 00/00/1989, bulk 1902-1987"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":49,"parent_access_terms_tesm":["None. The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/for more information."],"date_range_isim":[1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929],"containers_ssim":["box 14","folder 2"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#13/components#1","_nest_parent_":"8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f_aspace_d16110fa2806674a769033e0a191be8e","_root_":"8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f","_version_":1875301659078295552,"timestamp":"2026-09-03T09:17:07.659Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f","title_ssm":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa collection"],"title_tesim":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa collection"],"ead_ssi":"8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f","unitdate_ssm":["1902-2007","1902-1987","Date acquired: 00/00/1989"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1902-1987"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1902-2007"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 00/00/1989"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-1989-02","/repositories/2/resources/542"],"text":["MS-1989-02","/repositories/2/resources/542","Centro Asturiano de Tampa collection, 1902-2007, Date acquired: 00/00/1989, bulk 1902-1987","Tampa (Fla.) -- History","Cigar industry -- Florida -- Tampa","Cuba -- Relations -- Florida -- Tampa","Clubs -- Florida -- Tampa","Tampa (Fla.) -- Social life and customs","Playbills -- Florida -- Tampa","The Centro Asturiano de Tampa Collection is arranged into series according to subject. These include organizational, financial, ephemera, artifacts, photographs, and media. Records are arranged chronologically within each series. Boxes 159-243 contain financial records.","When Spanish immigrants came to Tampa in the 1890s, they brought with them the idea of the mutual aid society, a voluntary association or club that pooled resources to provide members with a variety of social, cultural, and economic benefits.  The first such club established in Tampa was the Centro Español, founded in 1891. The Centro Asturiano began in 1902 when a group of members seceded from the Centro Español to create a club that included healthcare.  Named for the northwest Spanish region of Asturias from which many of the founding members had come, the new society was chartered as a branch of the Centro Asturiano de Habana, and was known for decades as the \"Tampa Delegation\" of the Cuban organization.","On January 22, 1909, the club dedicated a handsome red brick building, which cost $75,000.  When fire destroyed the building in 1912, club members voted to build an even larger and more impressive facility. This columned, neoclassical building, which the  Tampa Morning Tribune  called \"the most beautiful building in the South,\" opened in 1914 at a cost of $110,000. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974 and retains its stature as one of the most outstanding structures in Tampa's Ybor City historic district. The club's cantina provided a pleasant atmosphere for members to spend their leisure time, a place to talk, play dominos, and smoke a cigar.  The palatial ballroom was the scene of glittering social affairs, balls, tea dances, and other activities. A space was set aside for a library and gymnasium as well to promote the club's mission of education, good health and the general well-being of its members. The Centro's building served as a center of social and cultural life for its community and is still owned by the club to this day.","A central part of club life was the building's elaborate theatre.  In its heyday, the Centro theatre was the venue for plays, operas, musicals, and other performances featuring both local talent and well-known Cuban, Spanish, and Italian entertainers who made Ybor City part of their tours. During the depression years of the 1930s, the Spanish language unit of the WPA Federal Theatre presented performances in the Centro's theatre, which was also used for cigar labor union meetings and other events.","The largest of all the Tampa fraternal clubs, the Centro expanded and flourished in the early decades of the twentieth century, due in large part to its acceptance of members from various ethnicities and its medical facilities. Following World War II however, membership gradually declined as economic and demographic changes eroded the cigar-making immigrant community.  Many of the services offered by the club either became functions of government agencies or were too expensive to maintain, lessening the advantages of membership. With the assimilation of its traditional membership base into the general population, the club was no longer the center of the cohesive ethnic community it once served. Despite adversity, the Centro Asturiano has endured, serving as an icon of heritage to descendants of the Spanish immigrants who played such a significant role in the development of modern Tampa.","Note written by Paul Camp, 2006; Joe Tamargo, 2011.","Centro Asturiano De Tampa Membership Records Photograph Collection . Tampa, Florida: University of South Florida Libraries, 2003.","Centro Asturiano Library Collection,  Special Collections Department, Tampa Library, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.","Centro Español De Tampa Collection , USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL. ","Cuban Club Records , USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL. ","The Centro Asturiano de Tampa Collection consists of club and hospital records, meeting minutes, photographs, ephemera, zarzuelas, playbills, financial records, memorias, and cemetery records. Artifacts include flags, trophies, printing plates, and various other items related to the club.","None. 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The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/for more information."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa","Donation"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Cigar industry -- Florida -- Tampa","Cuba -- Relations -- Florida -- Tampa","Clubs -- Florida -- Tampa","Tampa (Fla.) -- Social life and customs","Playbills -- Florida -- Tampa"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Cigar industry -- Florida -- Tampa","Cuba -- Relations -- Florida -- Tampa","Clubs -- Florida -- Tampa","Tampa (Fla.) -- Social life and customs","Playbills -- Florida -- Tampa"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["164.7 Linear Feet","241 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["164.7 Linear Feet","241 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Playbills -- Florida -- Tampa"],"date_range_isim":[1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Centro Asturiano de Tampa Collection is arranged into series according to subject. These include organizational, financial, ephemera, artifacts, photographs, and media. Records are arranged chronologically within each series. Boxes 159-243 contain financial records.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Centro Asturiano de Tampa Collection is arranged into series according to subject. These include organizational, financial, ephemera, artifacts, photographs, and media. Records are arranged chronologically within each series. Boxes 159-243 contain financial records."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWhen Spanish immigrants came to Tampa in the 1890s, they brought with them the idea of the mutual aid society, a voluntary association or club that pooled resources to provide members with a variety of social, cultural, and economic benefits.  The first such club established in Tampa was the Centro Espa\u0026#xF1;ol, founded in 1891. The Centro Asturiano began in 1902 when a group of members seceded from the Centro Espa\u0026#xF1;ol to create a club that included healthcare.  Named for the northwest Spanish region of Asturias from which many of the founding members had come, the new society was chartered as a branch of the Centro Asturiano de Habana, and was known for decades as the \"Tampa Delegation\" of the Cuban organization.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOn January 22, 1909, the club dedicated a handsome red brick building, which cost $75,000.  When fire destroyed the building in 1912, club members voted to build an even larger and more impressive facility. This columned, neoclassical building, which the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eTampa Morning Tribune\u003c/emph\u003e called \"the most beautiful building in the South,\" opened in 1914 at a cost of $110,000. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974 and retains its stature as one of the most outstanding structures in Tampa's Ybor City historic district. The club's cantina provided a pleasant atmosphere for members to spend their leisure time, a place to talk, play dominos, and smoke a cigar.  The palatial ballroom was the scene of glittering social affairs, balls, tea dances, and other activities. A space was set aside for a library and gymnasium as well to promote the club's mission of education, good health and the general well-being of its members. The Centro's building served as a center of social and cultural life for its community and is still owned by the club to this day.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA central part of club life was the building's elaborate theatre.  In its heyday, the Centro theatre was the venue for plays, operas, musicals, and other performances featuring both local talent and well-known Cuban, Spanish, and Italian entertainers who made Ybor City part of their tours. During the depression years of the 1930s, the Spanish language unit of the WPA Federal Theatre presented performances in the Centro's theatre, which was also used for cigar labor union meetings and other events.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe largest of all the Tampa fraternal clubs, the Centro expanded and flourished in the early decades of the twentieth century, due in large part to its acceptance of members from various ethnicities and its medical facilities. Following World War II however, membership gradually declined as economic and demographic changes eroded the cigar-making immigrant community.  Many of the services offered by the club either became functions of government agencies or were too expensive to maintain, lessening the advantages of membership. With the assimilation of its traditional membership base into the general population, the club was no longer the center of the cohesive ethnic community it once served. Despite adversity, the Centro Asturiano has endured, serving as an icon of heritage to descendants of the Spanish immigrants who played such a significant role in the development of modern Tampa.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Paul Camp, 2006; Joe Tamargo, 2011.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["When Spanish immigrants came to Tampa in the 1890s, they brought with them the idea of the mutual aid society, a voluntary association or club that pooled resources to provide members with a variety of social, cultural, and economic benefits.  The first such club established in Tampa was the Centro Español, founded in 1891. The Centro Asturiano began in 1902 when a group of members seceded from the Centro Español to create a club that included healthcare.  Named for the northwest Spanish region of Asturias from which many of the founding members had come, the new society was chartered as a branch of the Centro Asturiano de Habana, and was known for decades as the \"Tampa Delegation\" of the Cuban organization.","On January 22, 1909, the club dedicated a handsome red brick building, which cost $75,000.  When fire destroyed the building in 1912, club members voted to build an even larger and more impressive facility. This columned, neoclassical building, which the  Tampa Morning Tribune  called \"the most beautiful building in the South,\" opened in 1914 at a cost of $110,000. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974 and retains its stature as one of the most outstanding structures in Tampa's Ybor City historic district. The club's cantina provided a pleasant atmosphere for members to spend their leisure time, a place to talk, play dominos, and smoke a cigar.  The palatial ballroom was the scene of glittering social affairs, balls, tea dances, and other activities. A space was set aside for a library and gymnasium as well to promote the club's mission of education, good health and the general well-being of its members. The Centro's building served as a center of social and cultural life for its community and is still owned by the club to this day.","A central part of club life was the building's elaborate theatre.  In its heyday, the Centro theatre was the venue for plays, operas, musicals, and other performances featuring both local talent and well-known Cuban, Spanish, and Italian entertainers who made Ybor City part of their tours. During the depression years of the 1930s, the Spanish language unit of the WPA Federal Theatre presented performances in the Centro's theatre, which was also used for cigar labor union meetings and other events.","The largest of all the Tampa fraternal clubs, the Centro expanded and flourished in the early decades of the twentieth century, due in large part to its acceptance of members from various ethnicities and its medical facilities. Following World War II however, membership gradually declined as economic and demographic changes eroded the cigar-making immigrant community.  Many of the services offered by the club either became functions of government agencies or were too expensive to maintain, lessening the advantages of membership. With the assimilation of its traditional membership base into the general population, the club was no longer the center of the cohesive ethnic community it once served. Despite adversity, the Centro Asturiano has endured, serving as an icon of heritage to descendants of the Spanish immigrants who played such a significant role in the development of modern Tampa.","Note written by Paul Camp, 2006; Joe Tamargo, 2011."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCentro Asturiano de Tampa collection, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa collection, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCentro Asturiano De Tampa Membership Records Photograph Collection\u003c/emph\u003e. 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Tampa, Florida: University of South Florida Libraries, 2003.","Centro Asturiano Library Collection,  Special Collections Department, Tampa Library, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.","Centro Español De Tampa Collection , USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL. ","Cuban Club Records , USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL. "],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Centro Asturiano de Tampa Collection consists of club and hospital records, meeting minutes, photographs, ephemera, zarzuelas, playbills, financial records, memorias, and cemetery records. Artifacts include flags, trophies, printing plates, and various other items related to the club.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Centro Asturiano de Tampa Collection consists of club and hospital records, meeting minutes, photographs, ephemera, zarzuelas, playbills, financial records, memorias, and cemetery records. Artifacts include flags, trophies, printing plates, and various other items related to the club."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone. The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright.\u0026#xA0; Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["None. 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