{"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1925\u0026page=61","prev":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1925\u0026page=60","next":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1925\u0026page=62","last":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1925\u0026page=234"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":61,"next_page":62,"prev_page":60,"total_pages":234,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":600,"total_count":2337,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"86f8c75db5b6d896cc51e76c_aspace_3a406928a31851ec53594d1c57a85b8c","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Employee ledger 31, March 1886-December 1946","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/86f8c75db5b6d896cc51e76c_aspace_3a406928a31851ec53594d1c57a85b8c#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_3a406928a31851ec53594d1c57a85b8c","ref_ssm":["aspace_3a406928a31851ec53594d1c57a85b8c","aspace_3a406928a31851ec53594d1c57a85b8c"],"id":"86f8c75db5b6d896cc51e76c_aspace_3a406928a31851ec53594d1c57a85b8c","title_filing_ssi":"Employee ledger 31","title_ssm":["Employee ledger 31"],"title_tesim":["Employee ledger 31"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["March 1886-December 1946"],"normalized_date_ssm":["March 1886-December 1946"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Employee ledger 31, March 1886-December 1946"],"text":["Employee ledger 31, March 1886-December 1946","Florida East Coast Railway Company Records, 1886-1950","/repositories/4/archival_objects/17489","box 11"],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ids_ssim":["86f8c75db5b6d896cc51e76c"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Florida East Coast Railway Company Records, 1886-1950"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Florida East Coast Railway Company Records, 1886-1950"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/4/archival_objects/17489"],"repository_ssim":["Broward County Historical Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Florida East Coast Railway Company Records, 1886-1950"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":11,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The Florida East Coast Railway Company Records are open for research. Indexes of some of the ledgers are available; consult with the BCL Special Collections staff for more information."],"date_range_isim":[1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946],"containers_ssim":["box 11"],"_nest_path_":"/components#10","_nest_parent_":"86f8c75db5b6d896cc51e76c","_root_":"86f8c75db5b6d896cc51e76c","_version_":1870840818921635840,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T03:33:59.090Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"86f8c75db5b6d896cc51e76c","title_filing_ssi":"Florida East Coast Railway Company Records","title_ssm":["Florida East Coast Railway Company Records"],"title_tesim":["Florida East Coast Railway Company Records"],"ead_ssi":"86f8c75db5b6d896cc51e76c","unitdate_ssm":["1886-1950"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1886-1950"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["BCHA.2003.7","/repositories/4/resources/354"],"text":["BCHA.2003.7","/repositories/4/resources/354","Florida East Coast Railway Company Records, 1886-1950","Railroads","Railroads--United States--Employees","Florida East Coast Railway","Florida Overseas Railroad","payroll records","The Florida East Coast Railway Company Records are open for research. Indexes of some of the ledgers are available; consult with the BCL Special Collections staff for more information.","The materials are in their original arrangement.","In 1885 Henry Flagler (1830-1913) began developing what would become the Florida East Coast Railway Company (FEC) in the St. Augustine area. On September 7, 1895, the name of Flagler's system was officially renamed from the Jacksonville, St. Augustine and Indian River Railway Company to the Florida East Coast Railway Company and incorporated. The railway reached Fort Lauderdale in March of 1896, Miami in April 1896 and Key West in 1912. The extension marked one of the most significant turning points in the development of Broward County and the rest of South Florida. The FEC remains in operation today.","In 1895 Henry Flagler hired Philemon Bryan (1844-1925) to supervise the 400 Black workers building the Florida East Coast Railway from Pompano to Miami, which he did with the help of his two sons, Tom Bryan (Thomas Murray Bryan, 1879-1969) and Reed Bryan (1878-1937). Many of Broward County's first permanent Black residents came to the area as workers on the FEC railway. Although many of them were independent employees, the FEC also used Black incarcerated workers from the convict release system.\nAfter the opening of the FEC railway, the majority of Broward County residents worked in some capacity in the agriculture industry. They worked as farmers, as field hands, as produce merchants, and in the produce-shipping industry. Aided by the FEC Railway, many of the early cities in the area became major sources of Florida's winter-season produce such as tomatoes, bell peppers, and green beans for the rest of the country. Dania, for example, was known as the \"Tomato Capital of the World,\" and Dania resident Martin C. Frost (1886-1965) was Florida's largest tomato farmer.","In the 1920s, the Land Boom in Palm Beach, Broward, and Dade Counties led the FEC to lay multiple additional tracks in South Florida, and the rails were changed from 20 pounds-to-the yard to 132 pounds-to-the yard, allowing higher-speed train shipments. During World War II, railway shipments greatly increased from the Great Depression levels in Florida, and South Florida's many military training centers, Naval yards, and military hospitals benefitted from the FEC's high passenger volume capacity.","The Key West extension of the railway, documented in the Payroll Ledgers, began in 1905 and was completed in 1912. During the project an estimated workforce of between 2,000 and 4,000 workers, depending on the year and season, administered and labored on the railroad. The Florida Overseas Railroad was in operation from 1912 until 1935, when it was partially destroyed by a hurricane. As a result, the FEC Railway Company sold the Overseas Railroad bridges and railroad bed to the State of Florida, and it became the foundation of the US 1 Overseas Highway for motor vehicle traffic.","This collection received item level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection.","The Florida East Coast Railway Company Records consist of 22 ledgers of employee records dating from 1886 to 1950 and 4 payroll ledgers dating from 1909 to 1911, as well as two publications and a file of records regarding the FEC track extension in Dania.","The information provided in the employee ledgers dating from 1886 to 1950 includes employees' name, date of application, references, age, weight, height, complexion, color of hair, color of eyes, nationality, date of physical examinations and visual examinations, date of train rule examination, date they entered service, capacity or position, promotions, when they left employment and why they left, and remarks regarding their performance. These records detail the service of individual FEC employees throughout the state of Florida. ","The payroll ledgers dating from 1909 to 1911 are from the Key West extension of the railroad (known as the Florida Overseas Railroad). The ledgers show detailed information about the employee's pay rate and job title as well as the location or department that they worked in (examples include Accounting, Stewards Department, and various Mess departments, Dredge Babcock, Boot Key Harbor, and West Summerland).","The collection also includes a file of records regarding extension of the FEC track in Dania dating from 1938 to 1947, a 1937 edition of \"Highways of Florida\" by Walter H. McDonald, a souvenier \"FEC treated tissue for your eyeglasses\", and an \"Official Fort Lauderdale Apartment House Association Guide.\""," Broward County Historical Archives","Florida East Coast Railway","English"],"unitid_tesim":["BCHA.2003.7","/repositories/4/resources/354"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1886-1950"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Florida East Coast Railway Company Records, 1886-1950"],"collection_title_tesim":["Florida East Coast Railway Company Records, 1886-1950"],"collection_ssim":["Florida East Coast Railway Company Records, 1886-1950"],"repository_ssm":["Broward County Historical Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Broward County Historical Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Florida East Coast Railway"],"creator_ssim":["Florida East Coast Railway"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Florida East Coast Railway"],"creators_ssim":["Florida East Coast Railway"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Broward County Historical Commission purchased the materials from Wolf's Head Books on March 11, 2003 (Accession BCHA-2003.7)"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Railroads","Railroads--United States--Employees","Florida East Coast Railway","Florida Overseas Railroad","payroll records"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Railroads","Railroads--United States--Employees","Florida East Coast Railway","Florida Overseas Railroad","payroll records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["5 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["5 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["payroll records"],"date_range_isim":[1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Florida East Coast Railway Company Records are open for research. Indexes of some of the ledgers are available; consult with the BCL Special Collections staff for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The Florida East Coast Railway Company Records are open for research. Indexes of some of the ledgers are available; consult with the BCL Special Collections staff for more information."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials are in their original arrangement.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The materials are in their original arrangement."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 1885 Henry Flagler (1830-1913) began developing what would become the Florida East Coast Railway Company (FEC) in the St. Augustine area. On September 7, 1895, the name of Flagler's system was officially renamed from the Jacksonville, St. Augustine and Indian River Railway Company to the Florida East Coast Railway Company and incorporated. The railway reached Fort Lauderdale in March of 1896, Miami in April 1896 and Key West in 1912. The extension marked one of the most significant turning points in the development of Broward County and the rest of South Florida. The FEC remains in operation today.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1895 Henry Flagler hired Philemon Bryan (1844-1925) to supervise the 400 Black workers building the Florida East Coast Railway from Pompano to Miami, which he did with the help of his two sons, Tom Bryan (Thomas Murray Bryan, 1879-1969) and Reed Bryan (1878-1937). Many of Broward County's first permanent Black residents came to the area as workers on the FEC railway. Although many of them were independent employees, the FEC also used Black incarcerated workers from the convict release system.\nAfter the opening of the FEC railway, the majority of Broward County residents worked in some capacity in the agriculture industry. They worked as farmers, as field hands, as produce merchants, and in the produce-shipping industry. Aided by the FEC Railway, many of the early cities in the area became major sources of Florida's winter-season produce such as tomatoes, bell peppers, and green beans for the rest of the country. Dania, for example, was known as the \"Tomato Capital of the World,\" and Dania resident Martin C. Frost (1886-1965) was Florida's largest tomato farmer.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the 1920s, the Land Boom in Palm Beach, Broward, and Dade Counties led the FEC to lay multiple additional tracks in South Florida, and the rails were changed from 20 pounds-to-the yard to 132 pounds-to-the yard, allowing higher-speed train shipments. During World War II, railway shipments greatly increased from the Great Depression levels in Florida, and South Florida's many military training centers, Naval yards, and military hospitals benefitted from the FEC's high passenger volume capacity.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Key West extension of the railway, documented in the Payroll Ledgers, began in 1905 and was completed in 1912. During the project an estimated workforce of between 2,000 and 4,000 workers, depending on the year and season, administered and labored on the railroad. The Florida Overseas Railroad was in operation from 1912 until 1935, when it was partially destroyed by a hurricane. As a result, the FEC Railway Company sold the Overseas Railroad bridges and railroad bed to the State of Florida, and it became the foundation of the US 1 Overseas Highway for motor vehicle traffic.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["In 1885 Henry Flagler (1830-1913) began developing what would become the Florida East Coast Railway Company (FEC) in the St. Augustine area. On September 7, 1895, the name of Flagler's system was officially renamed from the Jacksonville, St. Augustine and Indian River Railway Company to the Florida East Coast Railway Company and incorporated. The railway reached Fort Lauderdale in March of 1896, Miami in April 1896 and Key West in 1912. The extension marked one of the most significant turning points in the development of Broward County and the rest of South Florida. The FEC remains in operation today.","In 1895 Henry Flagler hired Philemon Bryan (1844-1925) to supervise the 400 Black workers building the Florida East Coast Railway from Pompano to Miami, which he did with the help of his two sons, Tom Bryan (Thomas Murray Bryan, 1879-1969) and Reed Bryan (1878-1937). Many of Broward County's first permanent Black residents came to the area as workers on the FEC railway. Although many of them were independent employees, the FEC also used Black incarcerated workers from the convict release system.\nAfter the opening of the FEC railway, the majority of Broward County residents worked in some capacity in the agriculture industry. They worked as farmers, as field hands, as produce merchants, and in the produce-shipping industry. Aided by the FEC Railway, many of the early cities in the area became major sources of Florida's winter-season produce such as tomatoes, bell peppers, and green beans for the rest of the country. Dania, for example, was known as the \"Tomato Capital of the World,\" and Dania resident Martin C. Frost (1886-1965) was Florida's largest tomato farmer.","In the 1920s, the Land Boom in Palm Beach, Broward, and Dade Counties led the FEC to lay multiple additional tracks in South Florida, and the rails were changed from 20 pounds-to-the yard to 132 pounds-to-the yard, allowing higher-speed train shipments. During World War II, railway shipments greatly increased from the Great Depression levels in Florida, and South Florida's many military training centers, Naval yards, and military hospitals benefitted from the FEC's high passenger volume capacity.","The Key West extension of the railway, documented in the Payroll Ledgers, began in 1905 and was completed in 1912. During the project an estimated workforce of between 2,000 and 4,000 workers, depending on the year and season, administered and labored on the railroad. The Florida Overseas Railroad was in operation from 1912 until 1935, when it was partially destroyed by a hurricane. As a result, the FEC Railway Company sold the Overseas Railroad bridges and railroad bed to the State of Florida, and it became the foundation of the US 1 Overseas Highway for motor vehicle traffic."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFlorida East Coast Railway Company Records (BCHA-2003.7), Broward County Historical Archives, Broward County Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Florida East Coast Railway Company Records (BCHA-2003.7), Broward County Historical Archives, Broward County Library."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection received item level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This collection received item level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Florida East Coast Railway Company Records consist of 22 ledgers of employee records dating from 1886 to 1950 and 4 payroll ledgers dating from 1909 to 1911, as well as two publications and a file of records regarding the FEC track extension in Dania.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe information provided in the employee ledgers dating from 1886 to 1950 includes employees' name, date of application, references, age, weight, height, complexion, color of hair, color of eyes, nationality, date of physical examinations and visual examinations, date of train rule examination, date they entered service, capacity or position, promotions, when they left employment and why they left, and remarks regarding their performance. These records detail the service of individual FEC employees throughout the state of Florida. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe payroll ledgers dating from 1909 to 1911 are from the Key West extension of the railroad (known as the Florida Overseas Railroad). The ledgers show detailed information about the employee's pay rate and job title as well as the location or department that they worked in (examples include Accounting, Stewards Department, and various Mess departments, Dredge Babcock, Boot Key Harbor, and West Summerland).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also includes a file of records regarding extension of the FEC track in Dania dating from 1938 to 1947, a 1937 edition of \"Highways of Florida\" by Walter H. McDonald, a souvenier \"FEC treated tissue for your eyeglasses\", and an \"Official Fort Lauderdale Apartment House Association Guide.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Florida East Coast Railway Company Records consist of 22 ledgers of employee records dating from 1886 to 1950 and 4 payroll ledgers dating from 1909 to 1911, as well as two publications and a file of records regarding the FEC track extension in Dania.","The information provided in the employee ledgers dating from 1886 to 1950 includes employees' name, date of application, references, age, weight, height, complexion, color of hair, color of eyes, nationality, date of physical examinations and visual examinations, date of train rule examination, date they entered service, capacity or position, promotions, when they left employment and why they left, and remarks regarding their performance. These records detail the service of individual FEC employees throughout the state of Florida. ","The payroll ledgers dating from 1909 to 1911 are from the Key West extension of the railroad (known as the Florida Overseas Railroad). The ledgers show detailed information about the employee's pay rate and job title as well as the location or department that they worked in (examples include Accounting, Stewards Department, and various Mess departments, Dredge Babcock, Boot Key Harbor, and West Summerland).","The collection also includes a file of records regarding extension of the FEC track in Dania dating from 1938 to 1947, a 1937 edition of \"Highways of Florida\" by Walter H. McDonald, a souvenier \"FEC treated tissue for your eyeglasses\", and an \"Official Fort Lauderdale Apartment House Association Guide.\""],"names_ssim":[" Broward County Historical Archives","Florida East Coast Railway"],"corpname_ssim":[" Broward County Historical Archives","Florida East Coast Railway"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":30,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870840818921635840,"_root_":"86f8c75db5b6d896cc51e76c","timestamp":"2026-07-16T03:33:59.090Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/86f8c75db5b6d896cc51e76c_aspace_3a406928a31851ec53594d1c57a85b8c"}},{"id":"86f8c75db5b6d896cc51e76c_aspace_f8c84bd0ad7680a04b8e1e7af84a3bd0","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Employee ledger 32, March 1923-June 1943","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/86f8c75db5b6d896cc51e76c_aspace_f8c84bd0ad7680a04b8e1e7af84a3bd0#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_f8c84bd0ad7680a04b8e1e7af84a3bd0","ref_ssm":["aspace_f8c84bd0ad7680a04b8e1e7af84a3bd0","aspace_f8c84bd0ad7680a04b8e1e7af84a3bd0"],"id":"86f8c75db5b6d896cc51e76c_aspace_f8c84bd0ad7680a04b8e1e7af84a3bd0","title_filing_ssi":"Employee ledger 32","title_ssm":["Employee ledger 32"],"title_tesim":["Employee ledger 32"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["March 1923-June 1943"],"normalized_date_ssm":["March 1923-June 1943"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Employee ledger 32, March 1923-June 1943"],"text":["Employee ledger 32, March 1923-June 1943","Florida East Coast Railway Company Records, 1886-1950","/repositories/4/archival_objects/17490","box 12"],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ids_ssim":["86f8c75db5b6d896cc51e76c"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Florida East Coast Railway Company Records, 1886-1950"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Florida East Coast Railway Company Records, 1886-1950"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/4/archival_objects/17490"],"repository_ssim":["Broward County Historical Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Florida East Coast Railway Company Records, 1886-1950"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":12,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The Florida East Coast Railway Company Records are open for research. Indexes of some of the ledgers are available; consult with the BCL Special Collections staff for more information."],"date_range_isim":[1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943],"containers_ssim":["box 12"],"_nest_path_":"/components#11","_nest_parent_":"86f8c75db5b6d896cc51e76c","_root_":"86f8c75db5b6d896cc51e76c","_version_":1870840818921635840,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T03:33:59.090Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"86f8c75db5b6d896cc51e76c","title_filing_ssi":"Florida East Coast Railway Company Records","title_ssm":["Florida East Coast Railway Company Records"],"title_tesim":["Florida East Coast Railway Company Records"],"ead_ssi":"86f8c75db5b6d896cc51e76c","unitdate_ssm":["1886-1950"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1886-1950"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["BCHA.2003.7","/repositories/4/resources/354"],"text":["BCHA.2003.7","/repositories/4/resources/354","Florida East Coast Railway Company Records, 1886-1950","Railroads","Railroads--United States--Employees","Florida East Coast Railway","Florida Overseas Railroad","payroll records","The Florida East Coast Railway Company Records are open for research. Indexes of some of the ledgers are available; consult with the BCL Special Collections staff for more information.","The materials are in their original arrangement.","In 1885 Henry Flagler (1830-1913) began developing what would become the Florida East Coast Railway Company (FEC) in the St. Augustine area. On September 7, 1895, the name of Flagler's system was officially renamed from the Jacksonville, St. Augustine and Indian River Railway Company to the Florida East Coast Railway Company and incorporated. The railway reached Fort Lauderdale in March of 1896, Miami in April 1896 and Key West in 1912. The extension marked one of the most significant turning points in the development of Broward County and the rest of South Florida. The FEC remains in operation today.","In 1895 Henry Flagler hired Philemon Bryan (1844-1925) to supervise the 400 Black workers building the Florida East Coast Railway from Pompano to Miami, which he did with the help of his two sons, Tom Bryan (Thomas Murray Bryan, 1879-1969) and Reed Bryan (1878-1937). Many of Broward County's first permanent Black residents came to the area as workers on the FEC railway. Although many of them were independent employees, the FEC also used Black incarcerated workers from the convict release system.\nAfter the opening of the FEC railway, the majority of Broward County residents worked in some capacity in the agriculture industry. They worked as farmers, as field hands, as produce merchants, and in the produce-shipping industry. Aided by the FEC Railway, many of the early cities in the area became major sources of Florida's winter-season produce such as tomatoes, bell peppers, and green beans for the rest of the country. Dania, for example, was known as the \"Tomato Capital of the World,\" and Dania resident Martin C. Frost (1886-1965) was Florida's largest tomato farmer.","In the 1920s, the Land Boom in Palm Beach, Broward, and Dade Counties led the FEC to lay multiple additional tracks in South Florida, and the rails were changed from 20 pounds-to-the yard to 132 pounds-to-the yard, allowing higher-speed train shipments. During World War II, railway shipments greatly increased from the Great Depression levels in Florida, and South Florida's many military training centers, Naval yards, and military hospitals benefitted from the FEC's high passenger volume capacity.","The Key West extension of the railway, documented in the Payroll Ledgers, began in 1905 and was completed in 1912. During the project an estimated workforce of between 2,000 and 4,000 workers, depending on the year and season, administered and labored on the railroad. The Florida Overseas Railroad was in operation from 1912 until 1935, when it was partially destroyed by a hurricane. As a result, the FEC Railway Company sold the Overseas Railroad bridges and railroad bed to the State of Florida, and it became the foundation of the US 1 Overseas Highway for motor vehicle traffic.","This collection received item level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection.","The Florida East Coast Railway Company Records consist of 22 ledgers of employee records dating from 1886 to 1950 and 4 payroll ledgers dating from 1909 to 1911, as well as two publications and a file of records regarding the FEC track extension in Dania.","The information provided in the employee ledgers dating from 1886 to 1950 includes employees' name, date of application, references, age, weight, height, complexion, color of hair, color of eyes, nationality, date of physical examinations and visual examinations, date of train rule examination, date they entered service, capacity or position, promotions, when they left employment and why they left, and remarks regarding their performance. These records detail the service of individual FEC employees throughout the state of Florida. ","The payroll ledgers dating from 1909 to 1911 are from the Key West extension of the railroad (known as the Florida Overseas Railroad). The ledgers show detailed information about the employee's pay rate and job title as well as the location or department that they worked in (examples include Accounting, Stewards Department, and various Mess departments, Dredge Babcock, Boot Key Harbor, and West Summerland).","The collection also includes a file of records regarding extension of the FEC track in Dania dating from 1938 to 1947, a 1937 edition of \"Highways of Florida\" by Walter H. McDonald, a souvenier \"FEC treated tissue for your eyeglasses\", and an \"Official Fort Lauderdale Apartment House Association Guide.\""," Broward County Historical Archives","Florida East Coast Railway","English"],"unitid_tesim":["BCHA.2003.7","/repositories/4/resources/354"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1886-1950"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Florida East Coast Railway Company Records, 1886-1950"],"collection_title_tesim":["Florida East Coast Railway Company Records, 1886-1950"],"collection_ssim":["Florida East Coast Railway Company Records, 1886-1950"],"repository_ssm":["Broward County Historical Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Broward County Historical Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Florida East Coast Railway"],"creator_ssim":["Florida East Coast Railway"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Florida East Coast Railway"],"creators_ssim":["Florida East Coast Railway"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Broward County Historical Commission purchased the materials from Wolf's Head Books on March 11, 2003 (Accession BCHA-2003.7)"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Railroads","Railroads--United States--Employees","Florida East Coast Railway","Florida Overseas Railroad","payroll records"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Railroads","Railroads--United States--Employees","Florida East Coast Railway","Florida Overseas Railroad","payroll records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["5 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["5 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["payroll records"],"date_range_isim":[1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Florida East Coast Railway Company Records are open for research. Indexes of some of the ledgers are available; consult with the BCL Special Collections staff for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The Florida East Coast Railway Company Records are open for research. Indexes of some of the ledgers are available; consult with the BCL Special Collections staff for more information."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials are in their original arrangement.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The materials are in their original arrangement."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 1885 Henry Flagler (1830-1913) began developing what would become the Florida East Coast Railway Company (FEC) in the St. Augustine area. On September 7, 1895, the name of Flagler's system was officially renamed from the Jacksonville, St. Augustine and Indian River Railway Company to the Florida East Coast Railway Company and incorporated. The railway reached Fort Lauderdale in March of 1896, Miami in April 1896 and Key West in 1912. The extension marked one of the most significant turning points in the development of Broward County and the rest of South Florida. The FEC remains in operation today.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1895 Henry Flagler hired Philemon Bryan (1844-1925) to supervise the 400 Black workers building the Florida East Coast Railway from Pompano to Miami, which he did with the help of his two sons, Tom Bryan (Thomas Murray Bryan, 1879-1969) and Reed Bryan (1878-1937). Many of Broward County's first permanent Black residents came to the area as workers on the FEC railway. Although many of them were independent employees, the FEC also used Black incarcerated workers from the convict release system.\nAfter the opening of the FEC railway, the majority of Broward County residents worked in some capacity in the agriculture industry. They worked as farmers, as field hands, as produce merchants, and in the produce-shipping industry. Aided by the FEC Railway, many of the early cities in the area became major sources of Florida's winter-season produce such as tomatoes, bell peppers, and green beans for the rest of the country. Dania, for example, was known as the \"Tomato Capital of the World,\" and Dania resident Martin C. Frost (1886-1965) was Florida's largest tomato farmer.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the 1920s, the Land Boom in Palm Beach, Broward, and Dade Counties led the FEC to lay multiple additional tracks in South Florida, and the rails were changed from 20 pounds-to-the yard to 132 pounds-to-the yard, allowing higher-speed train shipments. During World War II, railway shipments greatly increased from the Great Depression levels in Florida, and South Florida's many military training centers, Naval yards, and military hospitals benefitted from the FEC's high passenger volume capacity.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Key West extension of the railway, documented in the Payroll Ledgers, began in 1905 and was completed in 1912. During the project an estimated workforce of between 2,000 and 4,000 workers, depending on the year and season, administered and labored on the railroad. The Florida Overseas Railroad was in operation from 1912 until 1935, when it was partially destroyed by a hurricane. As a result, the FEC Railway Company sold the Overseas Railroad bridges and railroad bed to the State of Florida, and it became the foundation of the US 1 Overseas Highway for motor vehicle traffic.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["In 1885 Henry Flagler (1830-1913) began developing what would become the Florida East Coast Railway Company (FEC) in the St. Augustine area. On September 7, 1895, the name of Flagler's system was officially renamed from the Jacksonville, St. Augustine and Indian River Railway Company to the Florida East Coast Railway Company and incorporated. The railway reached Fort Lauderdale in March of 1896, Miami in April 1896 and Key West in 1912. The extension marked one of the most significant turning points in the development of Broward County and the rest of South Florida. The FEC remains in operation today.","In 1895 Henry Flagler hired Philemon Bryan (1844-1925) to supervise the 400 Black workers building the Florida East Coast Railway from Pompano to Miami, which he did with the help of his two sons, Tom Bryan (Thomas Murray Bryan, 1879-1969) and Reed Bryan (1878-1937). Many of Broward County's first permanent Black residents came to the area as workers on the FEC railway. Although many of them were independent employees, the FEC also used Black incarcerated workers from the convict release system.\nAfter the opening of the FEC railway, the majority of Broward County residents worked in some capacity in the agriculture industry. They worked as farmers, as field hands, as produce merchants, and in the produce-shipping industry. Aided by the FEC Railway, many of the early cities in the area became major sources of Florida's winter-season produce such as tomatoes, bell peppers, and green beans for the rest of the country. Dania, for example, was known as the \"Tomato Capital of the World,\" and Dania resident Martin C. Frost (1886-1965) was Florida's largest tomato farmer.","In the 1920s, the Land Boom in Palm Beach, Broward, and Dade Counties led the FEC to lay multiple additional tracks in South Florida, and the rails were changed from 20 pounds-to-the yard to 132 pounds-to-the yard, allowing higher-speed train shipments. During World War II, railway shipments greatly increased from the Great Depression levels in Florida, and South Florida's many military training centers, Naval yards, and military hospitals benefitted from the FEC's high passenger volume capacity.","The Key West extension of the railway, documented in the Payroll Ledgers, began in 1905 and was completed in 1912. During the project an estimated workforce of between 2,000 and 4,000 workers, depending on the year and season, administered and labored on the railroad. The Florida Overseas Railroad was in operation from 1912 until 1935, when it was partially destroyed by a hurricane. As a result, the FEC Railway Company sold the Overseas Railroad bridges and railroad bed to the State of Florida, and it became the foundation of the US 1 Overseas Highway for motor vehicle traffic."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFlorida East Coast Railway Company Records (BCHA-2003.7), Broward County Historical Archives, Broward County Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Florida East Coast Railway Company Records (BCHA-2003.7), Broward County Historical Archives, Broward County Library."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection received item level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This collection received item level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Florida East Coast Railway Company Records consist of 22 ledgers of employee records dating from 1886 to 1950 and 4 payroll ledgers dating from 1909 to 1911, as well as two publications and a file of records regarding the FEC track extension in Dania.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe information provided in the employee ledgers dating from 1886 to 1950 includes employees' name, date of application, references, age, weight, height, complexion, color of hair, color of eyes, nationality, date of physical examinations and visual examinations, date of train rule examination, date they entered service, capacity or position, promotions, when they left employment and why they left, and remarks regarding their performance. These records detail the service of individual FEC employees throughout the state of Florida. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe payroll ledgers dating from 1909 to 1911 are from the Key West extension of the railroad (known as the Florida Overseas Railroad). The ledgers show detailed information about the employee's pay rate and job title as well as the location or department that they worked in (examples include Accounting, Stewards Department, and various Mess departments, Dredge Babcock, Boot Key Harbor, and West Summerland).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also includes a file of records regarding extension of the FEC track in Dania dating from 1938 to 1947, a 1937 edition of \"Highways of Florida\" by Walter H. McDonald, a souvenier \"FEC treated tissue for your eyeglasses\", and an \"Official Fort Lauderdale Apartment House Association Guide.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Florida East Coast Railway Company Records consist of 22 ledgers of employee records dating from 1886 to 1950 and 4 payroll ledgers dating from 1909 to 1911, as well as two publications and a file of records regarding the FEC track extension in Dania.","The information provided in the employee ledgers dating from 1886 to 1950 includes employees' name, date of application, references, age, weight, height, complexion, color of hair, color of eyes, nationality, date of physical examinations and visual examinations, date of train rule examination, date they entered service, capacity or position, promotions, when they left employment and why they left, and remarks regarding their performance. These records detail the service of individual FEC employees throughout the state of Florida. ","The payroll ledgers dating from 1909 to 1911 are from the Key West extension of the railroad (known as the Florida Overseas Railroad). The ledgers show detailed information about the employee's pay rate and job title as well as the location or department that they worked in (examples include Accounting, Stewards Department, and various Mess departments, Dredge Babcock, Boot Key Harbor, and West Summerland).","The collection also includes a file of records regarding extension of the FEC track in Dania dating from 1938 to 1947, a 1937 edition of \"Highways of Florida\" by Walter H. McDonald, a souvenier \"FEC treated tissue for your eyeglasses\", and an \"Official Fort Lauderdale Apartment House Association Guide.\""],"names_ssim":[" Broward County Historical Archives","Florida East Coast Railway"],"corpname_ssim":[" Broward County Historical Archives","Florida East Coast Railway"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":30,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870840818921635840,"_root_":"86f8c75db5b6d896cc51e76c","timestamp":"2026-07-16T03:33:59.090Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/86f8c75db5b6d896cc51e76c_aspace_f8c84bd0ad7680a04b8e1e7af84a3bd0"}},{"id":"17ec102ff08bd100785127f3_aspace_9d9cfdd75a2e6d96802eaa27a557f612","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Empty Envelopes, Circa 1920-2004","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/17ec102ff08bd100785127f3_aspace_9d9cfdd75a2e6d96802eaa27a557f612#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_9d9cfdd75a2e6d96802eaa27a557f612","ref_ssm":["aspace_9d9cfdd75a2e6d96802eaa27a557f612","aspace_9d9cfdd75a2e6d96802eaa27a557f612"],"id":"17ec102ff08bd100785127f3_aspace_9d9cfdd75a2e6d96802eaa27a557f612","title_filing_ssi":"Empty Envelopes","title_ssm":["Empty Envelopes"],"title_tesim":["Empty Envelopes"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Circa 1920-2004"],"normalized_date_ssm":["Circa 1920-2004"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Empty Envelopes, Circa 1920-2004"],"text":["Empty Envelopes, Circa 1920-2004","Denis Lomax Collection, Circa 1900-2000","Series: II Personal Papers","Correspondence","General Correspondence","/repositories/4/archival_objects/108","box 12","folder 89"],"component_level_isim":[4],"parent_ids_ssim":["17ec102ff08bd100785127f3","17ec102ff08bd100785127f3_aspace_26edb72735d8e06a50d403959b153c87","17ec102ff08bd100785127f3_aspace_322ff3e42464ca8d3bac4ae477b5d7a1","17ec102ff08bd100785127f3_aspace_29343735d362379f659ced7e4bd61d5f"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Denis Lomax Collection, Circa 1900-2000","Series: II Personal Papers","Correspondence","General Correspondence"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Denis Lomax Collection, Circa 1900-2000","Series: II Personal Papers","Correspondence","General Correspondence"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Subseries","Subgroup"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/4/archival_objects/108"],"repository_ssim":["Broward County Historical Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Denis Lomax Collection, Circa 1900-2000"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":108,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The Denis Lomax Collection is open for research."],"date_range_isim":[1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004],"containers_ssim":["box 12","folder 89"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#0/components#5/components#2","_nest_parent_":"17ec102ff08bd100785127f3_aspace_29343735d362379f659ced7e4bd61d5f","_root_":"17ec102ff08bd100785127f3","timestamp":"2026-04-21T01:44:00.846Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"17ec102ff08bd100785127f3","title_filing_ssi":"Lomax, Denis Collection","title_ssm":["Denis Lomax Collection"],"title_tesim":["Denis Lomax Collection"],"ead_ssi":"17ec102ff08bd100785127f3","unitdate_ssm":["Circa 1900-2000"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Circa 1900-2000"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["BCHA.2019.1","/repositories/4/resources/1"],"text":["BCHA.2019.1","/repositories/4/resources/1","Denis Lomax Collection, Circa 1900-2000","The Denis Lomax Collection is open for research.","The Denis Lomax collection is organized into two series: I. Photographs and II. Personal Papers.","Cornelius Louis André Roosevelt (Andre Roosevelt), was born on April 24, 1879. He was the son of Cornelius Roosevelt sr. (1847–1902), and Anna Roosevelt. Cornelius Roosevelt sr. (1847–1902) was a cousin of U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt (1858-1919). Andre Roosevelt was an Olympic athlete, filmmaker and entrepreneur. He played multiple sports and won the gold medal in the 1900 Olympic Games for his performance in Rugby. In 1905, Andre Roosevelt married Adelheid Lange (1880-1962) and they had a daughter named Leila Roosevelt (1906-1976). Between 1928 and 1930, Andre Roosevelt, along with daughter Leila Roosevelt and son-in-law Armand Denis, traveled to Bali, Indonesia to produce and film Goona Goona (Love Powder), which premiered to audiences in 1932. Andre Roosevelt also managed a hotel in  Haiti named Ibo Lele. In his later life, Andre divorced from Adelheid Lange Roosevelt and had a second marriage to Alice La Fontant. Andre Roosevelt died on July 21, 1962 in Haiti.","Adelheid Lange Roosevelt was born on October 23, 1880 in St. Louis, Missouri to Mathilde Follenius Lange and William C. Lange. William C. Lange, was a German chemist and banker. Adelheid was an architect and became one of the first women to earn a degree in architecture at the Zurich Polytechnic Institute in Switzerland. She worked with St. Louis architect Theodore Link for four years before marrying Andre Roosevelt. Adelheid was also a cubist artist and sculptor who exhibited her work in galleries including the Modern Gallery in New York City, New York. Adelheid Lange Roosevelt died on February 15, 1962 in Thompson, Connecticut. ","Leila Roosevelt was born on July 9, 1906 in St. Louis, Missouri to Adelheid Lange and Andre Roosevelt. She was a director, screenwriter and filmmaker. Leila worked with, and accompanied her husband, Armand Denis and father Andre Roosevelt on multiple expeditions around the world including Bali, Indonesia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. She also traveled on her own, completing an around the world by truck expedition with associate and mechanic Edna Olmstead. Leila Roosevelt and Armand Denis had four children: Renee, Armand jr., David, and Heidi Denis. Armand Denis and Leila later divorced and she married William Westley. Leila Roosevelt died in 1976. ","Armand Georges Denis was born on December 2, 1896 to Belgian parents in Brussels, Belgium. He was a filmmaker, writer and magazine editor. He traveled, and worked with Andre Roosevelt on the film, Goona Goona (Love Powder) (1932). Armand Denis and Leila Roosevelt also traveled to North Africa as well as the Democratic Republic of the Congo, to film a documentary sponsored by Belgian King Leopold III entitled Wheels of Africa (1936). They also produced the film Dark Rapture (Magie Africaine) (1938) based on their travels to the Congo. The couple also founded the Anthropoid Ape Research Foundation in Dania Beach, Florida. The chimpanzees on the farm were used for medical research and attracted tourists. Armand Denis and Leila Roosevelt divorced and Armand later married Michaela Holdsworth. In 1963 Denis became editor of a magazine entitled Animals which later became BBC Wildlife. Armand Denis died on April 15, 1971.  ","The Denis Lomax collection consists of photographs, photograph negatives, scrapbooks, printed materials, correspondence and writings that document the lives of filmmakers Leila Roosevelt and Armand Denis as well as their families. The collection contains materials related to Leila Roosevelt's parents, filmmaker, entrepreneur and sportsman Cornelius Louis André Roosevelt (Andre Roosevelt), as well as architect and artist Adelheid Lange Roosevelt. The collection highlights Leila Roosevelt and Armand Denis's travels and film productions such as the documentary film based on the Democratic Republic of the Congo entitled Dark Rapture (Magie Africaine) (1938) and a film based in Bali, Indonesia entitled Goona Goona (Love Powder) (1932). Materials documenting the Anthropoid Ape Research foundation in Dania Beach, Florida, founded by Leila Roosevelt and Armand Denis, along with personal papers of their families are also included in this collection."," Broward County Historical Archives","English"],"unitid_tesim":["BCHA.2019.1","/repositories/4/resources/1"],"normalized_date_ssm":["Circa 1900-2000"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Denis Lomax Collection, Circa 1900-2000"],"collection_title_tesim":["Denis Lomax Collection, Circa 1900-2000"],"collection_ssim":["Denis Lomax Collection, Circa 1900-2000"],"repository_ssm":["Broward County Historical Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Broward County Historical Archives"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Denis Lomax collection was donated as a gift by Denis Lomax, grandson of Leila Roosevelt and Armand Denis."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["9.97 Linear Feet (16 Hollinger boxes and 1 folio)"],"extent_tesim":["9.97 Linear Feet (16 Hollinger boxes and 1 folio)"],"date_range_isim":[1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Denis Lomax Collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The Denis Lomax Collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Denis Lomax collection is organized into two series: I. Photographs and II. Personal Papers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Denis Lomax collection is organized into two series: I. Photographs and II. Personal Papers."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCornelius Louis Andr\u0026#xE9; Roosevelt (Andre Roosevelt), was born on April 24, 1879. He was the son of Cornelius Roosevelt sr. (1847\u0026#x2013;1902), and Anna Roosevelt. Cornelius Roosevelt sr. (1847\u0026#x2013;1902) was a cousin of U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt (1858-1919). Andre Roosevelt was an Olympic athlete, filmmaker and entrepreneur. He played multiple sports and won the gold medal in the 1900 Olympic Games for his performance in Rugby. In 1905, Andre Roosevelt married Adelheid Lange (1880-1962) and they had a daughter named Leila Roosevelt (1906-1976). Between 1928 and 1930, Andre Roosevelt, along with daughter Leila Roosevelt and son-in-law Armand Denis, traveled to Bali, Indonesia to produce and film Goona Goona (Love Powder), which premiered to audiences in 1932. Andre Roosevelt also managed a hotel in  Haiti named Ibo Lele. In his later life, Andre divorced from Adelheid Lange Roosevelt and had a second marriage to Alice La Fontant. Andre Roosevelt died on July 21, 1962 in Haiti.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAdelheid Lange Roosevelt was born on October 23, 1880 in St. Louis, Missouri to Mathilde Follenius Lange and William C. Lange. William C. Lange, was a German chemist and banker. Adelheid was an architect and became one of the first women to earn a degree in architecture at the Zurich Polytechnic Institute in Switzerland. She worked with St. Louis architect Theodore Link for four years before marrying Andre Roosevelt. Adelheid was also a cubist artist and sculptor who exhibited her work in galleries including the Modern Gallery in New York City, New York. Adelheid Lange Roosevelt died on February 15, 1962 in Thompson, Connecticut. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLeila Roosevelt was born on July 9, 1906 in St. Louis, Missouri to Adelheid Lange and Andre Roosevelt. She was a director, screenwriter and filmmaker. Leila worked with, and accompanied her husband, Armand Denis and father Andre Roosevelt on multiple expeditions around the world including Bali, Indonesia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. She also traveled on her own, completing an around the world by truck expedition with associate and mechanic Edna Olmstead. Leila Roosevelt and Armand Denis had four children: Renee, Armand jr., David, and Heidi Denis. Armand Denis and Leila later divorced and she married William Westley. Leila Roosevelt died in 1976. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eArmand Georges Denis was born on December 2, 1896 to Belgian parents in Brussels, Belgium. He was a filmmaker, writer and magazine editor. He traveled, and worked with Andre Roosevelt on the film, Goona Goona (Love Powder) (1932). Armand Denis and Leila Roosevelt also traveled to North Africa as well as the Democratic Republic of the Congo, to film a documentary sponsored by Belgian King Leopold III entitled Wheels of Africa (1936). They also produced the film Dark Rapture (Magie Africaine) (1938) based on their travels to the Congo. The couple also founded the Anthropoid Ape Research Foundation in Dania Beach, Florida. The chimpanzees on the farm were used for medical research and attracted tourists. Armand Denis and Leila Roosevelt divorced and Armand later married Michaela Holdsworth. In 1963 Denis became editor of a magazine entitled Animals which later became BBC Wildlife. Armand Denis died on April 15, 1971.  \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Cornelius Louis André Roosevelt (Andre Roosevelt), was born on April 24, 1879. He was the son of Cornelius Roosevelt sr. (1847–1902), and Anna Roosevelt. Cornelius Roosevelt sr. (1847–1902) was a cousin of U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt (1858-1919). Andre Roosevelt was an Olympic athlete, filmmaker and entrepreneur. He played multiple sports and won the gold medal in the 1900 Olympic Games for his performance in Rugby. In 1905, Andre Roosevelt married Adelheid Lange (1880-1962) and they had a daughter named Leila Roosevelt (1906-1976). Between 1928 and 1930, Andre Roosevelt, along with daughter Leila Roosevelt and son-in-law Armand Denis, traveled to Bali, Indonesia to produce and film Goona Goona (Love Powder), which premiered to audiences in 1932. Andre Roosevelt also managed a hotel in  Haiti named Ibo Lele. In his later life, Andre divorced from Adelheid Lange Roosevelt and had a second marriage to Alice La Fontant. Andre Roosevelt died on July 21, 1962 in Haiti.","Adelheid Lange Roosevelt was born on October 23, 1880 in St. Louis, Missouri to Mathilde Follenius Lange and William C. Lange. William C. Lange, was a German chemist and banker. Adelheid was an architect and became one of the first women to earn a degree in architecture at the Zurich Polytechnic Institute in Switzerland. She worked with St. Louis architect Theodore Link for four years before marrying Andre Roosevelt. Adelheid was also a cubist artist and sculptor who exhibited her work in galleries including the Modern Gallery in New York City, New York. Adelheid Lange Roosevelt died on February 15, 1962 in Thompson, Connecticut. ","Leila Roosevelt was born on July 9, 1906 in St. Louis, Missouri to Adelheid Lange and Andre Roosevelt. She was a director, screenwriter and filmmaker. Leila worked with, and accompanied her husband, Armand Denis and father Andre Roosevelt on multiple expeditions around the world including Bali, Indonesia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. She also traveled on her own, completing an around the world by truck expedition with associate and mechanic Edna Olmstead. Leila Roosevelt and Armand Denis had four children: Renee, Armand jr., David, and Heidi Denis. Armand Denis and Leila later divorced and she married William Westley. Leila Roosevelt died in 1976. ","Armand Georges Denis was born on December 2, 1896 to Belgian parents in Brussels, Belgium. He was a filmmaker, writer and magazine editor. He traveled, and worked with Andre Roosevelt on the film, Goona Goona (Love Powder) (1932). Armand Denis and Leila Roosevelt also traveled to North Africa as well as the Democratic Republic of the Congo, to film a documentary sponsored by Belgian King Leopold III entitled Wheels of Africa (1936). They also produced the film Dark Rapture (Magie Africaine) (1938) based on their travels to the Congo. The couple also founded the Anthropoid Ape Research Foundation in Dania Beach, Florida. The chimpanzees on the farm were used for medical research and attracted tourists. Armand Denis and Leila Roosevelt divorced and Armand later married Michaela Holdsworth. In 1963 Denis became editor of a magazine entitled Animals which later became BBC Wildlife. Armand Denis died on April 15, 1971.  "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDenis Lomax Collection, Broward County Historical Archives, Broward County Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Denis Lomax Collection, Broward County Historical Archives, Broward County Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Denis Lomax collection consists of photographs, photograph negatives, scrapbooks, printed materials, correspondence and writings that document the lives of filmmakers Leila Roosevelt and Armand Denis as well as their families. The collection contains materials related to Leila Roosevelt's parents, filmmaker, entrepreneur and sportsman Cornelius Louis Andr\u0026#xE9; Roosevelt (Andre Roosevelt), as well as architect and artist Adelheid Lange Roosevelt. The collection highlights Leila Roosevelt and Armand Denis's travels and film productions such as the documentary film based on the Democratic Republic of the Congo entitled Dark Rapture (Magie Africaine) (1938) and a film based in Bali, Indonesia entitled Goona Goona (Love Powder) (1932). Materials documenting the Anthropoid Ape Research foundation in Dania Beach, Florida, founded by Leila Roosevelt and Armand Denis, along with personal papers of their families are also included in this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Denis Lomax collection consists of photographs, photograph negatives, scrapbooks, printed materials, correspondence and writings that document the lives of filmmakers Leila Roosevelt and Armand Denis as well as their families. The collection contains materials related to Leila Roosevelt's parents, filmmaker, entrepreneur and sportsman Cornelius Louis André Roosevelt (Andre Roosevelt), as well as architect and artist Adelheid Lange Roosevelt. The collection highlights Leila Roosevelt and Armand Denis's travels and film productions such as the documentary film based on the Democratic Republic of the Congo entitled Dark Rapture (Magie Africaine) (1938) and a film based in Bali, Indonesia entitled Goona Goona (Love Powder) (1932). Materials documenting the Anthropoid Ape Research foundation in Dania Beach, Florida, founded by Leila Roosevelt and Armand Denis, along with personal papers of their families are also included in this collection."],"names_ssim":[" Broward County Historical Archives"],"corpname_ssim":[" Broward County Historical Archives"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":128,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"17ec102ff08bd100785127f3","timestamp":"2026-04-21T01:44:00.846Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/17ec102ff08bd100785127f3_aspace_9d9cfdd75a2e6d96802eaa27a557f612"}},{"id":"e9b679c8ef2471d028ea2a70_aspace_0787db98be4c2b8dfd682e42d2fdf722","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Enclosures/Correspondence, 1912-2001","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/e9b679c8ef2471d028ea2a70_aspace_0787db98be4c2b8dfd682e42d2fdf722#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains correspondence letters between Arvilla J. Catharine and Dave Nelson (Archival Assistant) in regard to the Norman Conway Benson collection. Such correspondences include descriptions of the scrapbooks that are enclosed in the collection, as well as the identification of initially unidentifiable individuals in photos.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/e9b679c8ef2471d028ea2a70_aspace_0787db98be4c2b8dfd682e42d2fdf722#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_0787db98be4c2b8dfd682e42d2fdf722","ref_ssm":["aspace_0787db98be4c2b8dfd682e42d2fdf722","aspace_0787db98be4c2b8dfd682e42d2fdf722"],"id":"e9b679c8ef2471d028ea2a70_aspace_0787db98be4c2b8dfd682e42d2fdf722","title_filing_ssi":"Enclosures/Correspondence","title_ssm":["Enclosures/Correspondence"],"title_tesim":["Enclosures/Correspondence"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1912-2001"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1912-2001"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Enclosures/Correspondence, 1912-2001"],"text":["Enclosures/Correspondence, 1912-2001","Norman Conway Benson collection, 1943-1947, Date accessioned: 2019-09-19","001","/repositories/10/archival_objects/179469","00.0101 - Box 1","folder 001","This folder contains correspondence letters between Arvilla J. Catharine and Dave Nelson (Archival Assistant) in regard to the Norman Conway Benson collection. Such correspondences include descriptions of the scrapbooks that are enclosed in the collection, as well as the identification of initially unidentifiable individuals in photos."],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ids_ssim":["e9b679c8ef2471d028ea2a70"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Norman Conway Benson collection, 1943-1947, Date accessioned: 2019-09-19"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Norman Conway Benson collection, 1943-1947, Date accessioned: 2019-09-19"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"unitid_ssm":["001","/repositories/10/archival_objects/179469"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Norman Conway Benson collection, 1943-1947, Date accessioned: 2019-09-19"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":1,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open to all researchers."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"date_range_isim":[1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001],"containers_ssim":["00.0101 - Box 1","folder 001"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains correspondence letters between Arvilla J. Catharine and Dave Nelson (Archival Assistant) in regard to the Norman Conway Benson collection. Such correspondences include descriptions of the scrapbooks that are enclosed in the collection, as well as the identification of initially unidentifiable individuals in photos.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This folder contains correspondence letters between Arvilla J. Catharine and Dave Nelson (Archival Assistant) in regard to the Norman Conway Benson collection. Such correspondences include descriptions of the scrapbooks that are enclosed in the collection, as well as the identification of initially unidentifiable individuals in photos."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0","_nest_parent_":"e9b679c8ef2471d028ea2a70","_root_":"e9b679c8ef2471d028ea2a70","timestamp":"2026-04-21T05:35:55.966Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"e9b679c8ef2471d028ea2a70","title_filing_ssi":"Benson, Norman Conway Collection","title_ssm":["Norman Conway Benson collection"],"title_tesim":["Norman Conway Benson collection"],"ead_ssi":"e9b679c8ef2471d028ea2a70","unitdate_ssm":["1943-1947","Date accessioned: 2019-09-19"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1943-1947"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date accessioned: 2019-09-19"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["00.0101","/repositories/10/resources/1508"],"text":["00.0101","/repositories/10/resources/1508","Norman Conway Benson collection, 1943-1947, Date accessioned: 2019-09-19","Hollandia (Netherlands New Guinea)","World War, 1939-1945--Philippines","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Philippines--Luzon","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Philippines--Manila","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--New Guinea","This collection is open to all researchers.","Norman Conway Benson was born on November 20, 1924 in Iron Mountain, Michigan to Delbert Benson and Lillian Benson. He grew up in Iron Mountain, MI. Benson was drafted into the U.S. Army in 1944 as a Technician 5th Grade and served with Company A, 1st Battalion, General Headquarters, United States Army Forces Pacific in the Philippine Islands (PTO) in 1944 and 1946. Benson received his Honorable Discharge on January 18, 1946. After his service, Benson returned to the upper Peninsula of Michigan and attended college at the Michigan College of Mining and Technology in Houghton, where he received a degree in engineering. He worked for Ford Motor Company and then Westinghouse in Lima, Ohio, where he was living during his retirement. Benson married his second wife, Yolanda Benson and moved to Texas until his death. Benson passed away on Decemamber 22, 1994 in El Paso, TX.","This collection relates to Technician 5th Grade Norman Conway Benson who served with Company A, 1st Battalion, General Headquarters, United States Army Forces Pacific during World War II. The collection includes the contents of two scrapbooks, letters, government and identification information, and additional photographs during Norman Conway Benson's time serving the Army in the Philippines in 1944 and 1946. The letters and photographs originate from Norman Conway Benson's family, friends, and wartime girlfriend, Barbara Louise Howard. Photographs in the collection include family, friends, and Benson's time spent in the Philippines, Leyte, Luzon, Hollandia, New Guinea, and Canada. Additional identification information of Benson's mother, Lillian Benson is included in the collection.","All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.","FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Benson, Norman Conway, 1924-1994","MacArthur, Douglas, 1880-1964","English"],"unitid_tesim":["00.0101","/repositories/10/resources/1508"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1943-1947, Date accessioned: 2019-09-19"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Norman Conway Benson collection, 1943-1947, Date accessioned: 2019-09-19"],"collection_title_tesim":["Norman Conway Benson collection, 1943-1947, Date accessioned: 2019-09-19"],"collection_ssim":["Norman Conway Benson collection, 1943-1947, Date accessioned: 2019-09-19"],"repository_ssm":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Hollandia (Netherlands New Guinea)"],"geogname_ssim":["Hollandia (Netherlands New Guinea)"],"creator_ssm":["Benson, Norman Conway, 1924-1994"],"creator_ssim":["Benson, Norman Conway, 1924-1994"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Benson, Norman Conway, 1924-1994"],"creators_ssim":["Benson, Norman Conway, 1924-1994"],"places_ssim":["Hollandia (Netherlands New Guinea)"],"access_terms_ssm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1939-1945--Philippines","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Philippines--Luzon","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Philippines--Manila","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--New Guinea"],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1939-1945--Philippines","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Philippines--Luzon","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Philippines--Manila","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--New Guinea"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".75 Linear Feet 1 half box and 1 quarter box"],"extent_tesim":[".75 Linear Feet 1 half box and 1 quarter box"],"date_range_isim":[1943,1944,1945,1946,1947],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to all researchers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to all researchers."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNorman Conway Benson was born on November 20, 1924 in Iron Mountain, Michigan to Delbert Benson and Lillian Benson. He grew up in Iron Mountain, MI. Benson was drafted into the U.S. Army in 1944 as a Technician 5th Grade and served with Company A, 1st Battalion, General Headquarters, United States Army Forces Pacific in the Philippine Islands (PTO) in 1944 and 1946. Benson received his Honorable Discharge on January 18, 1946. After his service, Benson returned to the upper Peninsula of Michigan and attended college at the Michigan College of Mining and Technology in Houghton, where he received a degree in engineering. He worked for Ford Motor Company and then Westinghouse in Lima, Ohio, where he was living during his retirement. Benson married his second wife, Yolanda Benson and moved to Texas until his death. Benson passed away on Decemamber 22, 1994 in El Paso, TX.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Norman Conway Benson was born on November 20, 1924 in Iron Mountain, Michigan to Delbert Benson and Lillian Benson. He grew up in Iron Mountain, MI. Benson was drafted into the U.S. Army in 1944 as a Technician 5th Grade and served with Company A, 1st Battalion, General Headquarters, United States Army Forces Pacific in the Philippine Islands (PTO) in 1944 and 1946. Benson received his Honorable Discharge on January 18, 1946. After his service, Benson returned to the upper Peninsula of Michigan and attended college at the Michigan College of Mining and Technology in Houghton, where he received a degree in engineering. He worked for Ford Motor Company and then Westinghouse in Lima, Ohio, where he was living during his retirement. Benson married his second wife, Yolanda Benson and moved to Texas until his death. Benson passed away on Decemamber 22, 1994 in El Paso, TX."],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], Norman Conway Benson collection, Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_00_0001\"\u003ehttp://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_00_0001\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], Norman Conway Benson collection, Special Collections \u0026 Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida.  http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_00_0001"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection relates to Technician 5th Grade Norman Conway Benson who served with Company A, 1st Battalion, General Headquarters, United States Army Forces Pacific during World War II. The collection includes the contents of two scrapbooks, letters, government and identification information, and additional photographs during Norman Conway Benson's time serving the Army in the Philippines in 1944 and 1946. The letters and photographs originate from Norman Conway Benson's family, friends, and wartime girlfriend, Barbara Louise Howard. Photographs in the collection include family, friends, and Benson's time spent in the Philippines, Leyte, Luzon, Hollandia, New Guinea, and Canada. Additional identification information of Benson's mother, Lillian Benson is included in the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection relates to Technician 5th Grade Norman Conway Benson who served with Company A, 1st Battalion, General Headquarters, United States Army Forces Pacific during World War II. The collection includes the contents of two scrapbooks, letters, government and identification information, and additional photographs during Norman Conway Benson's time serving the Army in the Philippines in 1944 and 1946. The letters and photographs originate from Norman Conway Benson's family, friends, and wartime girlfriend, Barbara Louise Howard. Photographs in the collection include family, friends, and Benson's time spent in the Philippines, Leyte, Luzon, Hollandia, New Guinea, and Canada. Additional identification information of Benson's mother, Lillian Benson is included in the collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"names_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Benson, Norman Conway, 1924-1994","MacArthur, Douglas, 1880-1964"],"corpname_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["MacArthur, Douglas, 1880-1964"],"persname_ssim":["Benson, Norman Conway, 1924-1994","MacArthur, Douglas, 1880-1964"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":24,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"e9b679c8ef2471d028ea2a70","timestamp":"2026-04-21T05:35:55.966Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/e9b679c8ef2471d028ea2a70_aspace_0787db98be4c2b8dfd682e42d2fdf722"}},{"id":"2bb3983b5e939fe12a4bfbd3_aspace_58d9255857a56260d80a5db53f73ae59","type":"Drawer","attributes":{"title":"Entertainment and Playbills, bulk 1842-2003","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/2bb3983b5e939fe12a4bfbd3_aspace_58d9255857a56260d80a5db53f73ae59#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["This collection consists of broadsides and playbills advertising various perfomances, including minstrel shows and silent films."],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/2bb3983b5e939fe12a4bfbd3_aspace_58d9255857a56260d80a5db53f73ae59#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_58d9255857a56260d80a5db53f73ae59","ref_ssm":["aspace_58d9255857a56260d80a5db53f73ae59","aspace_58d9255857a56260d80a5db53f73ae59"],"id":"2bb3983b5e939fe12a4bfbd3_aspace_58d9255857a56260d80a5db53f73ae59","title_filing_ssi":"Entertainment and Playbills ","title_ssm":["Entertainment and Playbills "],"title_tesim":["Entertainment and Playbills "],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1842-2003"],"normalized_date_ssm":["bulk 1842-2003"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Entertainment and Playbills, bulk 1842-2003"],"text":["Entertainment and Playbills, bulk 1842-2003","Non-Florida Broadsides and Printed Ephemera, bulk 1743-2003","Folder 9 ","/repositories/2/archival_objects/180824","Playbills","Playbills -- New York (State) -- New York","English Spanish; Castilian German","case 7","The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information.","This collection consists of broadsides and playbills advertising various perfomances, including minstrel shows and silent films.","Map case 7, drawer 8"],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ids_ssim":["2bb3983b5e939fe12a4bfbd3"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Non-Florida Broadsides and Printed Ephemera, bulk 1743-2003"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Non-Florida Broadsides and Printed Ephemera, bulk 1743-2003"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Folder 9 ","/repositories/2/archival_objects/180824"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Non-Florida Broadsides and Printed Ephemera, bulk 1743-2003"],"extent_ssm":["1 folders"],"extent_tesim":["1 folders"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Drawer"],"level_ssim":["Drawer"],"sort_isi":9,"parent_access_terms_tesm":["None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information."],"date_range_isim":[1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003],"access_subjects_ssim":["Playbills","Playbills -- New York (State) -- New York"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Playbills","Playbills -- New York (State) -- New York"],"language_ssim":["English Spanish; Castilian German"],"containers_ssim":["case 7"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe contents of this collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at \u003cextref href=\"http://www.copyright.gov/\"\u003ehttp://www.copyright.gov/\u003c/extref\u003e for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_5839b536f958822abcb52aea91fdc3a1\"\u003eThis collection consists of broadsides and playbills advertising various perfomances, including minstrel shows and silent films.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection consists of broadsides and playbills advertising various perfomances, including minstrel shows and silent films."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_145eff5aabeded8363c0817822cb5e2a\"\u003eMap case 7, drawer 8\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Map case 7, drawer 8"],"_nest_path_":"/components#8","_nest_parent_":"2bb3983b5e939fe12a4bfbd3","_root_":"2bb3983b5e939fe12a4bfbd3","_version_":1874033256746188800,"timestamp":"2026-08-20T09:16:25.049Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"2bb3983b5e939fe12a4bfbd3","title_ssm":["Non-Florida Broadsides and Printed Ephemera"],"title_tesim":["Non-Florida Broadsides and Printed Ephemera"],"ead_ssi":"2bb3983b5e939fe12a4bfbd3","unitdate_ssm":["1743-2003"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1743-2003"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-1962-02","/repositories/2/resources/75"],"text":["MS-1962-02","/repositories/2/resources/75","Non-Florida Broadsides and Printed Ephemera, bulk 1743-2003","Holidays","Poetry","Flags","Religion.","Metaphysics","Restaurants","Advertisements","World's Columbian Exposition (1893 : Chicago, Ill.).","Children's literature","Children -- Posters","Indigenous peoples -- North America","Graphic design (Typography) -- History","Political cartoons","Encyclopedias","Children's literature -- Illustrations","Documents in this collection are arranged by topic.","This collection contains assorted over-sized illustrations and graphics for a number of topics not related to Florida history.","None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information.","Map case 7, drawer 8","USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","English Dutch; Flemish Spanish; Castilian French German"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-1962-02","/repositories/2/resources/75"],"normalized_date_ssm":["bulk 1743-2003"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Non-Florida Broadsides and Printed Ephemera, bulk 1743-2003"],"collection_title_tesim":["Non-Florida Broadsides and Printed Ephemera, bulk 1743-2003"],"collection_ssim":["Non-Florida Broadsides and Printed Ephemera, bulk 1743-2003"],"repository_ssm":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Holidays"],"geogname_ssim":["Holidays"],"places_ssim":["Holidays"],"access_terms_ssm":["None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Poetry","Flags","Religion.","Metaphysics","Restaurants","Advertisements","World's Columbian Exposition (1893 : Chicago, Ill.).","Children's literature","Children -- Posters","Indigenous peoples -- North America","Graphic design (Typography) -- History","Political cartoons","Encyclopedias","Children's literature -- Illustrations"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Poetry","Flags","Religion.","Metaphysics","Restaurants","Advertisements","World's Columbian Exposition (1893 : Chicago, Ill.).","Children's literature","Children -- Posters","Indigenous peoples -- North America","Graphic design (Typography) -- History","Political cartoons","Encyclopedias","Children's literature -- Illustrations"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["7.00 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["7.00 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Political cartoons","Encyclopedias","Children's literature -- Illustrations"],"date_range_isim":[1743,1744,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDocuments in this collection are arranged by topic.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Documents in this collection are arranged by topic."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains assorted over-sized illustrations and graphics for a number of topics not related to Florida history.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains assorted over-sized illustrations and graphics for a number of topics not related to Florida history."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone.\u0026#xA0;The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.\u0026#xA0; Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at \u003cextref href=\"http://www.copyright.gov/\"\u003ehttp://www.copyright.gov/\u003c/extref\u003e for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_f37dbf0249c5bb2614427617c6ed21e4\"\u003eMap case 7, drawer 8\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Map case 7, drawer 8"],"names_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"corpname_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"language_ssim":["English Dutch; Flemish Spanish; Castilian French German"],"descrules_ssm":["other_unmapped"],"total_component_count_is":18,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1874033256746188800,"_root_":"2bb3983b5e939fe12a4bfbd3","timestamp":"2026-08-20T09:16:25.049Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/2bb3983b5e939fe12a4bfbd3_aspace_58d9255857a56260d80a5db53f73ae59"}},{"id":"bec408ef355489ed2515918e_aspace_080870e3073b6eaf2f106180e22dbde5","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"Ephemera, 1809-1964, Undated","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/bec408ef355489ed2515918e_aspace_080870e3073b6eaf2f106180e22dbde5#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eSubseries includes postcards, greeting cards, and birthday cards. Invitations are als included and also deatures letters between family members of Blanche Kalfus and JAmes Brasswell.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/bec408ef355489ed2515918e_aspace_080870e3073b6eaf2f106180e22dbde5#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_080870e3073b6eaf2f106180e22dbde5","ref_ssm":["aspace_080870e3073b6eaf2f106180e22dbde5","aspace_080870e3073b6eaf2f106180e22dbde5"],"id":"bec408ef355489ed2515918e_aspace_080870e3073b6eaf2f106180e22dbde5","title_filing_ssi":"Ephemera","title_ssm":["Ephemera"],"title_tesim":["Ephemera"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1809-1964, Undated"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1809-1964, Undated"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ephemera, 1809-1964, Undated"],"text":["Ephemera, 1809-1964, Undated","African American Legacy: The Carol Mundy collection, 1791-2003","Additional Materials, 1791-1990, Undated","Sub-Series 4","/repositories/4/archival_objects/57077","Subseries includes postcards, greeting cards, and birthday cards. Invitations are als included and also deatures letters between family members of Blanche Kalfus and JAmes Brasswell."],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["bec408ef355489ed2515918e","bec408ef355489ed2515918e_aspace_8d9756e691c528284ff3578409880ec9"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["African American Legacy: The Carol Mundy collection, 1791-2003","Additional Materials, 1791-1990, Undated"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["African American Legacy: The Carol Mundy collection, 1791-2003","Additional Materials, 1791-1990, Undated"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["Sub-Series 4","/repositories/4/archival_objects/57077"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["African American Legacy: The Carol Mundy collection, 1791-2003"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":26,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":1389,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The entire collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"date_range_isim":[1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSubseries includes postcards, greeting cards, and birthday cards. Invitations are als included and also deatures letters between family members of Blanche Kalfus and JAmes Brasswell.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Subseries includes postcards, greeting cards, and birthday cards. Invitations are als included and also deatures letters between family members of Blanche Kalfus and JAmes Brasswell."],"_nest_path_":"/components#8/components#3","_nest_parent_":"bec408ef355489ed2515918e_aspace_8d9756e691c528284ff3578409880ec9","_root_":"bec408ef355489ed2515918e","_version_":1879192534963453952,"timestamp":"2026-10-16T08:00:56.160Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"bec408ef355489ed2515918e","title_ssm":["African American Legacy: The Carol Mundy collection"],"title_tesim":["African American Legacy: The Carol Mundy collection"],"ead_ssi":"bec408ef355489ed2515918e","unitdate_ssm":["1791-2003"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1791-2003"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC085","/repositories/4/resources/106"],"text":["SC085","/repositories/4/resources/106","African American Legacy: The Carol Mundy collection, 1791-2003","Apopka (Fla.)--History","African Americans -- History","African American photographers","African Americans -- Florida","African Americans -- Photography","Civil Rights","Civil War","photographs","The entire collection is open for research.","Carol Mundy has been an avid collector of African American memorabilia since the early 1990s when she purchased a copy of the 1901 edition of The Complete Life of William McKinley and Story of His Assassination. Included in the book was an 1880 correspondence from the U.S. army to the 10th Cavalry of \"Buffalo Soldiers.\" This discovery was the first step in a journey that would take her around the country in a quest to preserve African American culture. This quest ultimately led to the acquisition of more than 1,500 artifacts and documents that range from 1794 to 2010. Ms. Mundy also founded her own non-profit organization, African American History Education and Culture Society, and has curated a traveling exhibit entitled, \"The African American Legacy: The Carol Mundy Collection.\" Further, Ms. Mundy has partnered with the University of Central Florida's Department of African American Studies to found the \"Carol E. Mundy African American Cultural and Diasporic Research Center\" using artifacts from the collection. According to their website, \"The Center will be fostered through research, dissemination of historical information and social traditions, educational programs, exhibits, conferences and related activities.\"","Processed by John Venecek, Sandra Varry, and Erica England; finding aid created by Nadeen Kiwan. Additional materials added to the collection by Antonice L. Morin in 2021.","A small book collection accompanies this collection and may be accessed by performing a series search for the \"Carol Mundy Library\" in the  Online Catalog .","This collection consists of over 1,500 items related to the African American experience in the following formats: monographs, manuscripts, sheet music, pamphlets, journals, newspapers, broadsides, posters, photographs, and rare ephemera. These materials are divided into six topical series:","\nSeries I: Apopka Documents, 1892-1950, consists mostly of the personal papers of local businessmen, George Oden (1862-1939) and Michael Gladden, executor of Oden's estate. Also significant are a number of documents from Ella Wall, an Apopka resident who was the inspiration for a character in Zora Neale Hurston's Mules and Men. Mrs. Wall ran an Orange Grove, and was a close friend and confidant of Michael Gladden, Jr. until her death. Materials in this series largely consist of purchase receipts, tax forms, and other legal documents.","\nSeries II: Civil Rights-era, 1950-1997, consists of ephemera including magazines, sheet music, pamphlets, posters, and post cards. Not all the items in this series pertain directly to the Civil Rights Movement per se; rather they are grouped together because they fall within a specific date range.","\nSeries III: Dolls, circa 1930-1949, includes hand-made Caribbean island dolls, puppets and marionettes originating from the Caribbean.","\nSeries IV: Early America \u0026 Civil War-era, 1794-1892, contains the oldest materials in the collection that bookend the Civil War. Materials include magazines, newspapers, pamphlets, photographs and illustrations. Of particular interest is an original Buffalo Soldier muster roll signed by Colonel Abner Doubleday, discharge papers from 1874, and an authentic slave bill of sale.","\nSeries V: An oversized 19th century bible, 1857-1890, in a protective cloth clamshell and 11 black and white photographs that were originally stored inside the bible. The photographs vary both in subject and format, but do include several tintypes as well as portraits taken by notable African American photographer, James Presley (J.P.) Ball.","\nSeries VI: Photographs, 1860s - 1960s, includes a large collection of photographs that range from the 1860s - the 1960s. The \"assorted\" photographs in this collection are arranged chronologically, but there are several thematic sub-series as well. Those subseries include Bishop College, Civil Rights Movement, Civil Rights-era, South Dakota, and William T. Vernon photographs.","\nSeries VII: Visual Material, 1800s - 1969, consists of advertisements, postcards, product packaging, illustrations from magazines and newspapers, and other assorted \"visual\" ephemera. Much of the material in this series is considered racist or \"derogatory.\"","\nSeries VIII: Miscellaneous, 1880s - 1989, contains a small collection of materials that didn't fit into one of the other series. These materials include booklets, documents, pamphlets, and objects such as pins and medallions.","Series IX: Additional Materials, 1791 - 1990, consists of audio and visual items. In this series there are letters with envelopes and telegraphs. Letters delivered were most commonly with the family members of Blanche Kalfus and James Brasswell. There are official government documents and business documents consisting of receipts, deeds, contracts, notary public certificates, and justice of the peace certificates. This series also includes postcards, greeting, birthday and holiday cards, and invitations. There is memorabilia such as military buttons, pins, and patches, and a Civil War Veterans Metal. The photographs in this series consist of African American men, women, and children along with stereographs consisting of places and group photos. There are many different newsclippings, articles, programs, and advertisements.","Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","Collector, Ms. Carol Mundy amassed this collection of monographs, manuscripts, sheet music, pamphlets, journals, newspapers, broadsides, posters, photographs, and rare ephemera focusing on the African American history. While the collection is comprehensive both nationally and internationally, it also contains materials that pertain to the African American experience in central Florida.","UCF Special Collections","Mundy, Carol","Ball, James Presley, 1825-1904","Willis, Deborah, 1948-","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC085","/repositories/4/resources/106"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1791-2003"],"normalized_title_ssm":["African American Legacy: The Carol Mundy collection, 1791-2003"],"collection_title_tesim":["African American Legacy: The Carol Mundy collection, 1791-2003"],"collection_ssim":["African American Legacy: The Carol Mundy collection, 1791-2003"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Apopka (Fla.)--History"],"geogname_ssim":["Apopka (Fla.)--History"],"creator_ssm":["Mundy, Carol"],"creator_ssim":["Mundy, Carol"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Mundy, Carol"],"creators_ssim":["Mundy, Carol"],"places_ssim":["Apopka (Fla.)--History"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Most of these materials were purchased by the University of Central Florida Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives from Carol Mundy in 2009 (CFM2009_02). Additional materials were donated in 2010/2012 (CFM2012_02) and 2019 (CFM2019_01)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","African American photographers","African Americans -- Florida","African Americans -- Photography","Civil Rights","Civil War","photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","African American photographers","African Americans -- Florida","African Americans -- Photography","Civil Rights","Civil War","photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["26 Linear Feet 36 boxes and 73 flat files"],"extent_tesim":["26 Linear Feet 36 boxes and 73 flat files"],"genreform_ssim":["photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCarol Mundy has been an avid collector of African American memorabilia since the early 1990s when she purchased a copy of the 1901 edition of The Complete Life of William McKinley and Story of His Assassination. Included in the book was an 1880 correspondence from the U.S. army to the 10th Cavalry of \"Buffalo Soldiers.\" This discovery was the first step in a journey that would take her around the country in a quest to preserve African American culture. This quest ultimately led to the acquisition of more than 1,500 artifacts and documents that range from 1794 to 2010. Ms. Mundy also founded her own non-profit organization, African American History Education and Culture Society, and has curated a traveling exhibit entitled, \"The African American Legacy: The Carol Mundy Collection.\" Further, Ms. Mundy has partnered with the University of Central Florida's Department of African American Studies to found the \"Carol E. Mundy African American Cultural and Diasporic Research Center\" using artifacts from the collection. According to their website, \"The Center will be fostered through research, dissemination of historical information and social traditions, educational programs, exhibits, conferences and related activities.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Carol Mundy has been an avid collector of African American memorabilia since the early 1990s when she purchased a copy of the 1901 edition of The Complete Life of William McKinley and Story of His Assassination. Included in the book was an 1880 correspondence from the U.S. army to the 10th Cavalry of \"Buffalo Soldiers.\" This discovery was the first step in a journey that would take her around the country in a quest to preserve African American culture. This quest ultimately led to the acquisition of more than 1,500 artifacts and documents that range from 1794 to 2010. Ms. Mundy also founded her own non-profit organization, African American History Education and Culture Society, and has curated a traveling exhibit entitled, \"The African American Legacy: The Carol Mundy Collection.\" Further, Ms. Mundy has partnered with the University of Central Florida's Department of African American Studies to found the \"Carol E. Mundy African American Cultural and Diasporic Research Center\" using artifacts from the collection. According to their website, \"The Center will be fostered through research, dissemination of historical information and social traditions, educational programs, exhibits, conferences and related activities.\""],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAfrican American Legacy: The Carol Mundy Collection, 1794-2010, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["African American Legacy: The Carol Mundy Collection, 1794-2010, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by John Venecek, Sandra Varry, and Erica England; finding aid created by Nadeen Kiwan. Additional materials added to the collection by Antonice L. Morin in 2021.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by John Venecek, Sandra Varry, and Erica England; finding aid created by Nadeen Kiwan. Additional materials added to the collection by Antonice L. Morin in 2021."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA small book collection accompanies this collection and may be accessed by performing a series search for the \"Carol Mundy Library\" in the \u003cextref href=\"https://library.ucf.edu\"\u003eOnline Catalog\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["A small book collection accompanies this collection and may be accessed by performing a series search for the \"Carol Mundy Library\" in the  Online Catalog ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of over 1,500 items related to the African American experience in the following formats: monographs, manuscripts, sheet music, pamphlets, journals, newspapers, broadsides, posters, photographs, and rare ephemera. These materials are divided into six topical series:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries I: Apopka Documents, 1892-1950, consists mostly of the personal papers of local businessmen, George Oden (1862-1939) and Michael Gladden, executor of Oden's estate. Also significant are a number of documents from Ella Wall, an Apopka resident who was the inspiration for a character in Zora Neale Hurston's Mules and Men. Mrs. Wall ran an Orange Grove, and was a close friend and confidant of Michael Gladden, Jr. until her death. Materials in this series largely consist of purchase receipts, tax forms, and other legal documents.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries II: Civil Rights-era, 1950-1997, consists of ephemera including magazines, sheet music, pamphlets, posters, and post cards. Not all the items in this series pertain directly to the Civil Rights Movement per se; rather they are grouped together because they fall within a specific date range.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries III: Dolls, circa 1930-1949, includes hand-made Caribbean island dolls, puppets and marionettes originating from the Caribbean.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries IV: Early America \u0026amp; Civil War-era, 1794-1892, contains the oldest materials in the collection that bookend the Civil War. Materials include magazines, newspapers, pamphlets, photographs and illustrations. Of particular interest is an original Buffalo Soldier muster roll signed by Colonel Abner Doubleday, discharge papers from 1874, and an authentic slave bill of sale.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries V: An oversized 19th century bible, 1857-1890, in a protective cloth clamshell and 11 black and white photographs that were originally stored inside the bible. The photographs vary both in subject and format, but do include several tintypes as well as portraits taken by notable African American photographer, James Presley (J.P.) Ball.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VI: Photographs, 1860s - 1960s, includes a large collection of photographs that range from the 1860s - the 1960s. The \"assorted\" photographs in this collection are arranged chronologically, but there are several thematic sub-series as well. Those subseries include Bishop College, Civil Rights Movement, Civil Rights-era, South Dakota, and William T. Vernon photographs.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VII: Visual Material, 1800s - 1969, consists of advertisements, postcards, product packaging, illustrations from magazines and newspapers, and other assorted \"visual\" ephemera. Much of the material in this series is considered racist or \"derogatory.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VIII: Miscellaneous, 1880s - 1989, contains a small collection of materials that didn't fit into one of the other series. These materials include booklets, documents, pamphlets, and objects such as pins and medallions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries IX: Additional Materials, 1791 - 1990, consists of audio and visual items. In this series there are letters with envelopes and telegraphs. Letters delivered were most commonly with the family members of Blanche Kalfus and James Brasswell. There are official government documents and business documents consisting of receipts, deeds, contracts, notary public certificates, and justice of the peace certificates. This series also includes postcards, greeting, birthday and holiday cards, and invitations. There is memorabilia such as military buttons, pins, and patches, and a Civil War Veterans Metal. The photographs in this series consist of African American men, women, and children along with stereographs consisting of places and group photos. There are many different newsclippings, articles, programs, and advertisements.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of over 1,500 items related to the African American experience in the following formats: monographs, manuscripts, sheet music, pamphlets, journals, newspapers, broadsides, posters, photographs, and rare ephemera. These materials are divided into six topical series:","\nSeries I: Apopka Documents, 1892-1950, consists mostly of the personal papers of local businessmen, George Oden (1862-1939) and Michael Gladden, executor of Oden's estate. Also significant are a number of documents from Ella Wall, an Apopka resident who was the inspiration for a character in Zora Neale Hurston's Mules and Men. Mrs. Wall ran an Orange Grove, and was a close friend and confidant of Michael Gladden, Jr. until her death. Materials in this series largely consist of purchase receipts, tax forms, and other legal documents.","\nSeries II: Civil Rights-era, 1950-1997, consists of ephemera including magazines, sheet music, pamphlets, posters, and post cards. Not all the items in this series pertain directly to the Civil Rights Movement per se; rather they are grouped together because they fall within a specific date range.","\nSeries III: Dolls, circa 1930-1949, includes hand-made Caribbean island dolls, puppets and marionettes originating from the Caribbean.","\nSeries IV: Early America \u0026 Civil War-era, 1794-1892, contains the oldest materials in the collection that bookend the Civil War. Materials include magazines, newspapers, pamphlets, photographs and illustrations. Of particular interest is an original Buffalo Soldier muster roll signed by Colonel Abner Doubleday, discharge papers from 1874, and an authentic slave bill of sale.","\nSeries V: An oversized 19th century bible, 1857-1890, in a protective cloth clamshell and 11 black and white photographs that were originally stored inside the bible. The photographs vary both in subject and format, but do include several tintypes as well as portraits taken by notable African American photographer, James Presley (J.P.) Ball.","\nSeries VI: Photographs, 1860s - 1960s, includes a large collection of photographs that range from the 1860s - the 1960s. The \"assorted\" photographs in this collection are arranged chronologically, but there are several thematic sub-series as well. Those subseries include Bishop College, Civil Rights Movement, Civil Rights-era, South Dakota, and William T. Vernon photographs.","\nSeries VII: Visual Material, 1800s - 1969, consists of advertisements, postcards, product packaging, illustrations from magazines and newspapers, and other assorted \"visual\" ephemera. Much of the material in this series is considered racist or \"derogatory.\"","\nSeries VIII: Miscellaneous, 1880s - 1989, contains a small collection of materials that didn't fit into one of the other series. These materials include booklets, documents, pamphlets, and objects such as pins and medallions.","Series IX: Additional Materials, 1791 - 1990, consists of audio and visual items. In this series there are letters with envelopes and telegraphs. Letters delivered were most commonly with the family members of Blanche Kalfus and James Brasswell. There are official government documents and business documents consisting of receipts, deeds, contracts, notary public certificates, and justice of the peace certificates. This series also includes postcards, greeting, birthday and holiday cards, and invitations. There is memorabilia such as military buttons, pins, and patches, and a Civil War Veterans Metal. The photographs in this series consist of African American men, women, and children along with stereographs consisting of places and group photos. There are many different newsclippings, articles, programs, and advertisements."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_4cf0eb7fc38bbc5bdebff00649325802\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eCollector, Ms. Carol Mundy amassed this collection of monographs, manuscripts, sheet music, pamphlets, journals, newspapers, broadsides, posters, photographs, and rare ephemera focusing on the African American history. While the collection is comprehensive both nationally and internationally, it also contains materials that pertain to the African American experience in central Florida.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Collector, Ms. Carol Mundy amassed this collection of monographs, manuscripts, sheet music, pamphlets, journals, newspapers, broadsides, posters, photographs, and rare ephemera focusing on the African American history. While the collection is comprehensive both nationally and internationally, it also contains materials that pertain to the African American experience in central Florida."],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Mundy, Carol","Ball, James Presley, 1825-1904","Willis, Deborah, 1948-"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"names_coll_ssim":["Ball, James Presley, 1825-1904","Willis, Deborah, 1948-"],"persname_ssim":["Mundy, Carol","Ball, James Presley, 1825-1904","Willis, Deborah, 1948-"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1675,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1879192534963453952,"_root_":"bec408ef355489ed2515918e","timestamp":"2026-10-16T08:00:56.160Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/bec408ef355489ed2515918e_aspace_080870e3073b6eaf2f106180e22dbde5"}},{"id":"44c08036102c8e8f97ad1e05_aspace_e4899c4c88d6dcdaff9a3956e5014159","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Ephemera, 1914-1954","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/44c08036102c8e8f97ad1e05_aspace_e4899c4c88d6dcdaff9a3956e5014159#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_e4899c4c88d6dcdaff9a3956e5014159","ref_ssm":["aspace_e4899c4c88d6dcdaff9a3956e5014159","aspace_e4899c4c88d6dcdaff9a3956e5014159"],"id":"44c08036102c8e8f97ad1e05_aspace_e4899c4c88d6dcdaff9a3956e5014159","title_filing_ssi":"Ephemera","title_ssm":["Ephemera"],"title_tesim":["Ephemera"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1914-1954"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1914-1954"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ephemera, 1914-1954"],"text":["Ephemera, 1914-1954","Waverly Growers Association Collection, 1921-1994, 2000","Box 8","Supplies","/repositories/3/archival_objects/13941","folder 2","folder 3"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["44c08036102c8e8f97ad1e05","44c08036102c8e8f97ad1e05_aspace_ad1323de225fe5f03e7e9b0d6815d005","44c08036102c8e8f97ad1e05_aspace_36fea05a8dc1e306a2dc0edd996bb7b2"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Waverly Growers Association Collection, 1921-1994, 2000","Box 8","Supplies"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Waverly Growers Association Collection, 1921-1994, 2000","Box 8","Supplies"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Box","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/3/archival_objects/13941"],"repository_ssim":["Thomas B. Mack Florida Citrus Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Waverly Growers Association Collection, 1921-1994, 2000"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":167,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no restrictions on this collection. It is available for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Copyright has been transferred to the college. Permission to publish material must be obtained\nfrom Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center or the appropriate copyright holder.\nPlease inquire if you have questions."],"date_range_isim":[1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954],"containers_ssim":["folder 2","folder 3"],"_nest_path_":"/components#7/components#0/components#1","_nest_parent_":"44c08036102c8e8f97ad1e05_aspace_36fea05a8dc1e306a2dc0edd996bb7b2","_root_":"44c08036102c8e8f97ad1e05","timestamp":"2026-07-11T02:35:14.978Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"44c08036102c8e8f97ad1e05","title_ssm":["Waverly Growers Association Collection"],"title_tesim":["Waverly Growers Association Collection"],"ead_ssi":"44c08036102c8e8f97ad1e05","unitdate_ssm":["1921-1994","2000"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1921-1994"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["2000"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["CIT3065","/repositories/3/resources/76"],"text":["CIT3065","/repositories/3/resources/76","Waverly Growers Association Collection, 1921-1994, 2000","Citrus fruit industry--Florida--History--20th century","Agricultural cooperatives--Florida--History.","Citrus growers--Florida--History.","Packinghouses--Florida--History.","Citrus fruits--Marketing--History.","World War, 1939-1945--Economic aspects--Florida.","Pedersen, W. L. (W. C. \"Bill\")--Archives.","Morton, James C.--Archives.","Photographs.","Scrapbooks.","There are no restrictions on this collection. It is available for research.","Waverly Growers Association was an agriculturally based cooperative. It was a grower-owned\nfresh citrus cooperative offering members grove care, harvesting, packing services, and\nmarketing.\nFounded in 1914 by a group of local growers led by Charles Hillery Walker and Danish\nimmigrant W.L. Pedersen, the cooperative was originally called Waverly Citrus Growers'\nAssociation until the name was changed in 1936 to Waverly Growers Cooperative. It was in\ncontinuous operation between 1915 and 2005 and managed by grower-members. This\nincluded fertilizing, cultivating, spraying, irrigating, picking, trimming, and replacing trees.\nWaverly began operation in 1915 in Waverly, Florida and shipped citrus fruit to markets in the\nUnited States and Canada under brands including Waverly, Waverly Famous, Huntsman,\nPepper, and Seald-Pep. In 2005 it closed its packinghouse and merged into Florida Natural.","The Waverly records include Office Files about day-to-day business mostly between 1930\nand 1950's. Of special note are the files from the WWII years discussing rationed items.\nJames C. Morton (JCM) was an operations director, and his files date mostly in the 1950's\nand are about fruit. Operations and Supply files include documents about running and\nsupplying the Waverly complex. The Membership newsletters are dated 1937 and 1938, then\njump to 1957 and run until 1977. Files from Audio-Visual materials include scrapbooks,\nphotographs, and negatives. The first scrapbook includes images for a retirement party for\nW.C. \"Bill\" Pedersen. Bill Pedersen created the Waverly Welcome House (photographs), a rest\narea and spot for tourists to learn about citrus growing, while purchasing fruit. The Welcome\nHouse was located between Cypress Gardens and Bok Singing Tower, along Route No. 540 in\ncentral Florida. The second scrapbook, includes, clippings, documents and photographs of\npeople and places around the compound","Copyright has been transferred to the college. Permission to publish material must be obtained\nfrom Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center or the appropriate copyright holder.\nPlease inquire if you have questions.","Thomas B. Mack Florida Citrus Archives","English"],"unitid_tesim":["CIT3065","/repositories/3/resources/76"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1921-1994, 2000"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Waverly Growers Association Collection, 1921-1994, 2000"],"collection_title_tesim":["Waverly Growers Association Collection, 1921-1994, 2000"],"collection_ssim":["Waverly Growers Association Collection, 1921-1994, 2000"],"repository_ssm":["Thomas B. Mack Florida Citrus Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Thomas B. Mack Florida Citrus Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright has been transferred to the college. Permission to publish material must be obtained\nfrom Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center or the appropriate copyright holder.\nPlease inquire if you have questions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["N. Perry Hansen, Executive Vice President for Waverly Growers Cooperative donated the\nrecords to the Citrus Institute of Florida Southern College (Professor Tom Mack) in 1995. They\nwere transferred to the McKay Archives in 2009."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Citrus fruit industry--Florida--History--20th century","Agricultural cooperatives--Florida--History.","Citrus growers--Florida--History.","Packinghouses--Florida--History.","Citrus fruits--Marketing--History.","World War, 1939-1945--Economic aspects--Florida.","Pedersen, W. L. (W. C. \"Bill\")--Archives.","Morton, James C.--Archives.","Photographs.","Scrapbooks."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Citrus fruit industry--Florida--History--20th century","Agricultural cooperatives--Florida--History.","Citrus growers--Florida--History.","Packinghouses--Florida--History.","Citrus fruits--Marketing--History.","World War, 1939-1945--Economic aspects--Florida.","Pedersen, W. L. (W. C. \"Bill\")--Archives.","Morton, James C.--Archives.","Photographs.","Scrapbooks."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["5 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["5 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs.","Scrapbooks."],"date_range_isim":[1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,2000],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions on this collection. It is available for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions on this collection. It is available for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWaverly Growers Association was an agriculturally based cooperative. It was a grower-owned\nfresh citrus cooperative offering members grove care, harvesting, packing services, and\nmarketing.\nFounded in 1914 by a group of local growers led by Charles Hillery Walker and Danish\nimmigrant W.L. Pedersen, the cooperative was originally called Waverly Citrus Growers'\nAssociation until the name was changed in 1936 to Waverly Growers Cooperative. It was in\ncontinuous operation between 1915 and 2005 and managed by grower-members. This\nincluded fertilizing, cultivating, spraying, irrigating, picking, trimming, and replacing trees.\nWaverly began operation in 1915 in Waverly, Florida and shipped citrus fruit to markets in the\nUnited States and Canada under brands including Waverly, Waverly Famous, Huntsman,\nPepper, and Seald-Pep. In 2005 it closed its packinghouse and merged into Florida Natural.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Waverly Growers Association was an agriculturally based cooperative. It was a grower-owned\nfresh citrus cooperative offering members grove care, harvesting, packing services, and\nmarketing.\nFounded in 1914 by a group of local growers led by Charles Hillery Walker and Danish\nimmigrant W.L. Pedersen, the cooperative was originally called Waverly Citrus Growers'\nAssociation until the name was changed in 1936 to Waverly Growers Cooperative. It was in\ncontinuous operation between 1915 and 2005 and managed by grower-members. This\nincluded fertilizing, cultivating, spraying, irrigating, picking, trimming, and replacing trees.\nWaverly began operation in 1915 in Waverly, Florida and shipped citrus fruit to markets in the\nUnited States and Canada under brands including Waverly, Waverly Famous, Huntsman,\nPepper, and Seald-Pep. In 2005 it closed its packinghouse and merged into Florida Natural."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Waverly records include Office Files about day-to-day business mostly between 1930\nand 1950's. Of special note are the files from the WWII years discussing rationed items.\nJames C. Morton (JCM) was an operations director, and his files date mostly in the 1950's\nand are about fruit. Operations and Supply files include documents about running and\nsupplying the Waverly complex. The Membership newsletters are dated 1937 and 1938, then\njump to 1957 and run until 1977. Files from Audio-Visual materials include scrapbooks,\nphotographs, and negatives. The first scrapbook includes images for a retirement party for\nW.C. \"Bill\" Pedersen. Bill Pedersen created the Waverly Welcome House (photographs), a rest\narea and spot for tourists to learn about citrus growing, while purchasing fruit. The Welcome\nHouse was located between Cypress Gardens and Bok Singing Tower, along Route No. 540 in\ncentral Florida. The second scrapbook, includes, clippings, documents and photographs of\npeople and places around the compound\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Waverly records include Office Files about day-to-day business mostly between 1930\nand 1950's. Of special note are the files from the WWII years discussing rationed items.\nJames C. Morton (JCM) was an operations director, and his files date mostly in the 1950's\nand are about fruit. Operations and Supply files include documents about running and\nsupplying the Waverly complex. The Membership newsletters are dated 1937 and 1938, then\njump to 1957 and run until 1977. Files from Audio-Visual materials include scrapbooks,\nphotographs, and negatives. The first scrapbook includes images for a retirement party for\nW.C. \"Bill\" Pedersen. Bill Pedersen created the Waverly Welcome House (photographs), a rest\narea and spot for tourists to learn about citrus growing, while purchasing fruit. The Welcome\nHouse was located between Cypress Gardens and Bok Singing Tower, along Route No. 540 in\ncentral Florida. The second scrapbook, includes, clippings, documents and photographs of\npeople and places around the compound"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright has been transferred to the college. Permission to publish material must be obtained\nfrom Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center or the appropriate copyright holder.\nPlease inquire if you have questions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright has been transferred to the college. Permission to publish material must be obtained\nfrom Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center or the appropriate copyright holder.\nPlease inquire if you have questions."],"names_ssim":["Thomas B. Mack Florida Citrus Archives"],"corpname_ssim":["Thomas B. Mack Florida Citrus Archives"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":279,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"44c08036102c8e8f97ad1e05","timestamp":"2026-07-11T02:35:14.978Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/44c08036102c8e8f97ad1e05_aspace_e4899c4c88d6dcdaff9a3956e5014159"}},{"id":"ff356dbaacdcfdefc960630f_aspace_61f6774b26583dff9431a240d4ed0137","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Ephemera - Overside Items, 1925-1957","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/ff356dbaacdcfdefc960630f_aspace_61f6774b26583dff9431a240d4ed0137#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_61f6774b26583dff9431a240d4ed0137","ref_ssm":["aspace_61f6774b26583dff9431a240d4ed0137","aspace_61f6774b26583dff9431a240d4ed0137"],"id":"ff356dbaacdcfdefc960630f_aspace_61f6774b26583dff9431a240d4ed0137","title_filing_ssi":"Ephemera - Overside Items","title_ssm":["Ephemera - Overside Items"],"title_tesim":["Ephemera - Overside Items"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1925-1957"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1925-1957"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ephemera - Overside Items, 1925-1957"],"text":["Ephemera - Overside Items, 1925-1957","Ludd M. Spivey Personal Papers, 1925-1957","/repositories/2/archival_objects/25220","box 8"],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ids_ssim":["ff356dbaacdcfdefc960630f"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Ludd M. Spivey Personal Papers, 1925-1957"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Ludd M. Spivey Personal Papers, 1925-1957"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/2/archival_objects/25220"],"repository_ssim":["The Sarah D. and L. Kirk McKay, Jr. Archives Center Manuscript Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Ludd M. Spivey Personal Papers, 1925-1957"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":165,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the archive's ability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["This collection is owned by Florida Southern College. This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).","Please inquire if you have questions - archives@flsouthern.edu"],"date_range_isim":[1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957],"containers_ssim":["box 8"],"_nest_path_":"/components#51","_nest_parent_":"ff356dbaacdcfdefc960630f","_root_":"ff356dbaacdcfdefc960630f","_version_":1870851043419488256,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T06:16:29.928Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"ff356dbaacdcfdefc960630f","title_ssm":["Ludd M. Spivey Personal Papers"],"title_tesim":["Ludd M. Spivey Personal Papers"],"ead_ssi":"ff356dbaacdcfdefc960630f","unitdate_ssm":["1925-1957"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1925-1957"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS4085","/repositories/2/resources/132"],"text":["MS4085","/repositories/2/resources/132","Ludd M. Spivey Personal Papers, 1925-1957","Spivey, Ludd M., 1886-1962","College presidents—Florida—Biography","Educators—United States—Biography","Florida Southern College—History","Progressive education—United States—History—20th century","This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact McKay Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the archive's ability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials.","Ludd Myrl Spivey (December 5, 1886 - December 27, 1962) was president of Florida Southern College from 1925-1957. He was born in Eclectic, Alabama, and educated at the University of Chicago. He was a friend and deciple of noted American educator John Dewey. Prior to becoming president of FSC, he was the academic dean of Birmingham Southern. ","When Dr. Spivey became president at what was then known as Southern College, the campus had one brick building and several small, temporary structures. Enrollment was only a few hundred students. Almost immediately, he faced financial challenges, as first the Florida Land Boom bubble burst which was followed by the collapse of the global economy. However, Spivey's fundraising abilities were unmatched, and the college was able to survive and grow despite these serious financial headwinds. In the late 1930s, Dr. Spivey was looking for a way to \"put Florida Southern College on the map.\" He decided that he needed to build something unique to set it apart from other colleges of similar size and mission. 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Out of the blue, he contacted renowned architect Frank Lloyd Wright, and together the two spent the next twenty years designing and building the \"College of Tomorrow.\" ","In 1931, Ludd Spivey established an art school in Sarasota as a remote branch of Florida Southern College and he served as its chief director. This college eventually became known as the Ringling College of Art and Design. ","Dr. Spivey's legacy goes beyond his impact on the physical plant of Florida Southern College. He was also an innovative and progressive educator who believed in the development of the whole person--mind, body, and soul. He was a leader in the progress towards racial equality, forming a close relationship with Mary Mcleod Bethune and Bethune-Cookman College. He developed a strong science program at FSC, with a focus on the citrus industry as well as cancer research. ","When he retired in 1957, the college was a very different place than when he started. 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