{"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1925\u0026page=176\u0026view=compact","prev":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1925\u0026page=175\u0026view=compact","next":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1925\u0026page=177\u0026view=compact","last":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1925\u0026page=234\u0026view=compact"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":176,"next_page":177,"prev_page":175,"total_pages":234,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":1750,"total_count":2337,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"4500439fa623d3f0a7be04aa_aspace_67813","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Personal Files, 1917-1958, Undated","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/4500439fa623d3f0a7be04aa_aspace_67813#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eSeries includes Harry A. 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Finney's accounting and membership certificates, various correspondence, portrait photographs, publication advertisements, and a handcarved wooden plaque given to him from one of his former students."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0","_nest_parent_":"4500439fa623d3f0a7be04aa","_root_":"4500439fa623d3f0a7be04aa","_version_":1870857738430447616,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:02:54.791Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"4500439fa623d3f0a7be04aa","title_ssm":["Harry Anson Finney Collection"],"title_tesim":["Harry Anson Finney Collection"],"ead_ssi":"4500439fa623d3f0a7be04aa","unitdate_ssm":["1913-1958"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1913-1958"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC.017","/repositories/4/resources/200"],"text":["SC.017","/repositories/4/resources/200","Harry Anson Finney Collection, 1913-1958","Accounting","Bookkeeping","The entire collection is open for research.","Harry A. Finney, the son of Solon Burroughs and Ellen Bike Finney, was born in Postville, Iowa on November 19, 1886. He attended the University of Chicago and received his Ph.B. degree in 1913. Upon graduation, He started taking graduate courses in accounting at the Northwestern University, Illinois. In 1917, he obtained an Illinois Certified Public Accountant (CPA) certificate. Two years later, he became a member of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) and later served as a member of the Institute's Committee on Accounting Procedure from 1949 to 1953. Harry A. Finney married to Lois Ingram on November 24, 1920 and had three children; Richard Anson, Stephen Ingram, Janet Sue. On February 9, 1946, Harry remarried to Hazel M. Hale. Finney spent most of his professional life as a Professor of Accounting at the Northwestern University. He also was a practicing accountant, first with the firm of Haskins \u0026 Sells Co. and later as a partner in his own firm, Baumann, Finney \u0026 Co.","\nThe first edition of \"Principles of Accounting\" was published in 1923. Eventually, the one book led to the development of principles books for introductory, intermediate, and advanced levels. His three-level Principles texts sold over three million copies, which placed them in the best-selling category for more than three decades. Professor Herbert E. Miller of the University of Michigan joined him in preparing the fourth edition of \"Principles of Accounting, Introductory\" and the partnership of Finney \u0026 Miller became the accounting author team of the 1950s and 1960s.","\nProfessor Finney's large sales are a tribute to his ability as a writer of educational textbooks. Although the Principles series are his best known and most widely used books, he wrote nine other books. His first book, \"Modern Business Arithmetic\", was written with Joseph C. Brown in 1916. This was followed by \"Introduction to Actuarial Science\", which was published by the AICPA in 1920. His next book, \"Mathematics of Accounting and Finance\", was written with Seymour Walton and published in 1921. His last book, \"Lawyer's Guide to Accounting\", was coauthored with Richard Oldberg in 1955.","\nHarry Finney semi-retired and moved to central Florida in 1953, eventually settling in Winter Park. He continued to work on revisions of his books until his death on May 8, 1966. His wife, Hazel, remained in Winter Park until her death in 1985. The entire personal library of Harry A. Finney was donated by his stepson Allen Morris to the University of Central Florida, School of Accounting shortly after her death.","Materials were arranged in chronological order and then placed into pH neutral folders and boxes. Photographs were placed in polyester sleeves. The wooden plaque is placed in a separate protective case.","Harry Anson Finney Collection contains reference books that played a role in the development of Accounting theory and practice. Books may be found in the Online Catalog by searching the series \"The Finney collection\" on our  Library Catalog .","Series I: Personal files, 1917-1958, undated, consists of personal files such as original certificates in accounting, various correspondence, portraits, a wooden plaque made for Finney given to him from a former student, and publication advertisements related to his book called \"Lawyer's Guide to Accounting\".","Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","Harry Anson Finney was a well-known American accountant, teacher, and an author. He joined the Haskins \u0026 Sells Accounting firm in 1923 and later on he resigned and founded the firm, Baumann, Finney \u0026 Company. He taught at the Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois as a Professor of Accounting until his retirement in 1944. Finney published serious of textbooks known as \"Principles of Accounting\" and also served as an editor for the Journal of Accountancy from 1920 to 1928. Harry A. Finney collection is comprised of his certificates, correspondence, photographs, publication advertisements, books, and a wooden plaque given to Finney from one of his former students.","UCF Special Collections","Finney, H. A. (Harry Anson), 1886-1966","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC.017","/repositories/4/resources/200"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1913-1958"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Harry Anson Finney Collection, 1913-1958"],"collection_title_tesim":["Harry Anson Finney Collection, 1913-1958"],"collection_ssim":["Harry Anson Finney Collection, 1913-1958"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"creator_ssm":["Finney, H. A. (Harry Anson), 1886-1966"],"creator_ssim":["Finney, H. A. (Harry Anson), 1886-1966"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Finney, H. A. (Harry Anson), 1886-1966"],"creators_ssim":["Finney, H. A. (Harry Anson), 1886-1966"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Allen Morris donated these materials to the University of Central Florida Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives in 1989 (CFM1989_05)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Accounting","Bookkeeping"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Accounting","Bookkeeping"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.5 Linear Feet 2 Boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1.5 Linear Feet 2 Boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHarry A. 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He also was a practicing accountant, first with the firm of Haskins \u0026amp; Sells Co. and later as a partner in his own firm, Baumann, Finney \u0026amp; Co.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThe first edition of \"Principles of Accounting\" was published in 1923. Eventually, the one book led to the development of principles books for introductory, intermediate, and advanced levels. His three-level Principles texts sold over three million copies, which placed them in the best-selling category for more than three decades. Professor Herbert E. Miller of the University of Michigan joined him in preparing the fourth edition of \"Principles of Accounting, Introductory\" and the partnership of Finney \u0026amp; Miller became the accounting author team of the 1950s and 1960s.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nProfessor Finney's large sales are a tribute to his ability as a writer of educational textbooks. 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Finney was donated by his stepson Allen Morris to the University of Central Florida, School of Accounting shortly after her death.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Harry A. Finney, the son of Solon Burroughs and Ellen Bike Finney, was born in Postville, Iowa on November 19, 1886. He attended the University of Chicago and received his Ph.B. degree in 1913. Upon graduation, He started taking graduate courses in accounting at the Northwestern University, Illinois. In 1917, he obtained an Illinois Certified Public Accountant (CPA) certificate. Two years later, he became a member of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) and later served as a member of the Institute's Committee on Accounting Procedure from 1949 to 1953. Harry A. Finney married to Lois Ingram on November 24, 1920 and had three children; Richard Anson, Stephen Ingram, Janet Sue. On February 9, 1946, Harry remarried to Hazel M. Hale. Finney spent most of his professional life as a Professor of Accounting at the Northwestern University. He also was a practicing accountant, first with the firm of Haskins \u0026 Sells Co. and later as a partner in his own firm, Baumann, Finney \u0026 Co.","\nThe first edition of \"Principles of Accounting\" was published in 1923. Eventually, the one book led to the development of principles books for introductory, intermediate, and advanced levels. His three-level Principles texts sold over three million copies, which placed them in the best-selling category for more than three decades. Professor Herbert E. Miller of the University of Michigan joined him in preparing the fourth edition of \"Principles of Accounting, Introductory\" and the partnership of Finney \u0026 Miller became the accounting author team of the 1950s and 1960s.","\nProfessor Finney's large sales are a tribute to his ability as a writer of educational textbooks. Although the Principles series are his best known and most widely used books, he wrote nine other books. His first book, \"Modern Business Arithmetic\", was written with Joseph C. Brown in 1916. This was followed by \"Introduction to Actuarial Science\", which was published by the AICPA in 1920. His next book, \"Mathematics of Accounting and Finance\", was written with Seymour Walton and published in 1921. His last book, \"Lawyer's Guide to Accounting\", was coauthored with Richard Oldberg in 1955.","\nHarry Finney semi-retired and moved to central Florida in 1953, eventually settling in Winter Park. He continued to work on revisions of his books until his death on May 8, 1966. His wife, Hazel, remained in Winter Park until her death in 1985. The entire personal library of Harry A. Finney was donated by his stepson Allen Morris to the University of Central Florida, School of Accounting shortly after her death."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHarry Anson Finney Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Harry Anson Finney Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials were arranged in chronological order and then placed into pH neutral folders and boxes. Photographs were placed in polyester sleeves. The wooden plaque is placed in a separate protective case.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Materials were arranged in chronological order and then placed into pH neutral folders and boxes. Photographs were placed in polyester sleeves. The wooden plaque is placed in a separate protective case."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHarry Anson Finney Collection contains reference books that played a role in the development of Accounting theory and practice. Books may be found in the Online Catalog by searching the series \"The Finney collection\" on our \u003cextref href=\"https://library.ucf.edu\"\u003eLibrary Catalog\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Harry Anson Finney Collection contains reference books that played a role in the development of Accounting theory and practice. Books may be found in the Online Catalog by searching the series \"The Finney collection\" on our  Library Catalog ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Personal files, 1917-1958, undated, consists of personal files such as original certificates in accounting, various correspondence, portraits, a wooden plaque made for Finney given to him from a former student, and publication advertisements related to his book called \"Lawyer's Guide to Accounting\".\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Series I: Personal files, 1917-1958, undated, consists of personal files such as original certificates in accounting, various correspondence, portraits, a wooden plaque made for Finney given to him from a former student, and publication advertisements related to his book called \"Lawyer's Guide to Accounting\"."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_dfb18468b4a568579084ae6661a4c3e9\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eHarry Anson Finney was a well-known American accountant, teacher, and an author. He joined the Haskins \u0026amp; Sells Accounting firm in 1923 and later on he resigned and founded the firm, Baumann, Finney \u0026amp; Company. He taught at the Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois as a Professor of Accounting until his retirement in 1944. Finney published serious of textbooks known as \"Principles of Accounting\" and also served as an editor for the Journal of Accountancy from 1920 to 1928. Harry A. Finney collection is comprised of his certificates, correspondence, photographs, publication advertisements, books, and a wooden plaque given to Finney from one of his former students.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Harry Anson Finney was a well-known American accountant, teacher, and an author. He joined the Haskins \u0026 Sells Accounting firm in 1923 and later on he resigned and founded the firm, Baumann, Finney \u0026 Company. He taught at the Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois as a Professor of Accounting until his retirement in 1944. Finney published serious of textbooks known as \"Principles of Accounting\" and also served as an editor for the Journal of Accountancy from 1920 to 1928. Harry A. Finney collection is comprised of his certificates, correspondence, photographs, publication advertisements, books, and a wooden plaque given to Finney from one of his former students."],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Finney, H. A. 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Holmes Walker Papers, 1871-1943","/repositories/3/archival_objects/8789"],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ids_ssim":["f119a1dbb75b4ee43eeaffac"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Rosa G. Holmes Walker Papers, 1871-1943"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Rosa G. Holmes Walker Papers, 1871-1943"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/3/archival_objects/8789"],"repository_ssim":["UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Rosa G. Holmes Walker Papers, 1871-1943"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":3,"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"sort_isi":240,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research by appointment only. Please contact lib-special@unf.edu to schedule an appointment."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Materials in the collection may be subject to copyright and are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accordance with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). Use of reproductions of copyrighted works in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement and be subject to the civil and criminal penalties of federal law. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for further information"],"date_range_isim":[1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937],"_nest_path_":"/components#1","_nest_parent_":"f119a1dbb75b4ee43eeaffac","_root_":"f119a1dbb75b4ee43eeaffac","_version_":1870860532964130816,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:47:19.862Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"f119a1dbb75b4ee43eeaffac","title_ssm":["Rosa G. Holmes Walker Papers"],"title_tesim":["Rosa G. Holmes Walker Papers"],"ead_ssi":"f119a1dbb75b4ee43eeaffac","unitdate_ssm":["1871-1943"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1871-1943"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1985.002","/repositories/3/resources/37"],"text":["1985.002","/repositories/3/resources/37","Rosa G. Holmes Walker Papers, 1871-1943","African American businesspeople--Florida--Jacksonville.","African American women--Florida--Jacksonville.","Funeral homes--Florida--Jacksonville.","Undertakers and undertaking--Florida--Jacksonville.","The collection is open for research by appointment only. Please contact lib-special@unf.edu to schedule an appointment.","Born in the 1880s, Rosa G. Holmes Walker was a business entrepreneur and funeral home director during the early twentieth century. She founded and operated Holmes Funeral Directors, Inc. located on Broad St. in Jacksonville, Florida with her husband J.C. Holmes in 1904. After his death in 1916, she took over the role of Funeral Director. Ms. Holmes Walker married Reverend Thomas H.B. Walker, a Methodist minister and author, on October 16, 1918. During the Great Depression, Ms. Holmes Walker invested in real estate, purchasing thirty properties in Jacksonville, Florida and New York, New York. The income from these investments prevented the closure of her funeral home business during the 1930's. Ms. Holmes Walker operated the Holmes Funeral Home until her death on May 20, 1945. The Holmes Funeral Home is still in operation in Jacksonville.","The collection contains personal and business documents of Rosa Holmes Walker, a Black funeral home director and businesswoman active in Jacksonville, Florida, during the early twentieth century. Included in the collection are materials relating to business records, ledgers, death certificates, removal and burial permits, funeral home bills and correspondence, and real estate correspondence from New York, New York. The collection also includes materials from her relatives, Henry and Fannie Glover of St. Augustine, Florida (early twentieth century) and to the Glovers of South Carolina (nineteenth century). Inclusive years are 1871-1943, with the bulk of the materials from 1920-1930. Few personal items are included in the collection.\nThe Collection complements the Eartha M.M. White Collection as a source for Black history in Jacksonville, Florida, and provides documentation of a successful businesswoman flourishing in early twentieth century Northeast Florida.","Materials in the collection may be subject to copyright and are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accordance with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). Use of reproductions of copyrighted works in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement and be subject to the civil and criminal penalties of federal law. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for further information","UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives","Holmes Funeral Home (Jacksonville, Fla.)","Glover family.","Holmes Walker family.","Glover, Fannie.","Glover, Henry L.","Holmes, J.C.","Walker, Rosa G. Holmes.","Walker, Thomas H.B. (Thomas Hamilton Beb), b.1873.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["1985.002","/repositories/3/resources/37"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1871-1943"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Rosa G. Holmes Walker Papers, 1871-1943"],"collection_title_tesim":["Rosa G. Holmes Walker Papers, 1871-1943"],"collection_ssim":["Rosa G. 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Schafer, 1985."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African American businesspeople--Florida--Jacksonville.","African American women--Florida--Jacksonville.","Funeral homes--Florida--Jacksonville.","Undertakers and undertaking--Florida--Jacksonville."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African American businesspeople--Florida--Jacksonville.","African American women--Florida--Jacksonville.","Funeral homes--Florida--Jacksonville.","Undertakers and undertaking--Florida--Jacksonville."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["19.00 Linear Feet 22 archival document boxes."],"extent_tesim":["19.00 Linear Feet 22 archival document boxes."],"date_range_isim":[1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research by appointment only. Please contact lib-special@unf.edu to schedule an appointment.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research by appointment only. Please contact lib-special@unf.edu to schedule an appointment."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBorn in the 1880s, Rosa G. Holmes Walker was a business entrepreneur and funeral home director during the early twentieth century. She founded and operated Holmes Funeral Directors, Inc. located on Broad St. in Jacksonville, Florida with her husband J.C. Holmes in 1904. After his death in 1916, she took over the role of Funeral Director. Ms. Holmes Walker married Reverend Thomas H.B. Walker, a Methodist minister and author, on October 16, 1918. During the Great Depression, Ms. Holmes Walker invested in real estate, purchasing thirty properties in Jacksonville, Florida and New York, New York. The income from these investments prevented the closure of her funeral home business during the 1930's. Ms. Holmes Walker operated the Holmes Funeral Home until her death on May 20, 1945. The Holmes Funeral Home is still in operation in Jacksonville.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Born in the 1880s, Rosa G. Holmes Walker was a business entrepreneur and funeral home director during the early twentieth century. She founded and operated Holmes Funeral Directors, Inc. located on Broad St. in Jacksonville, Florida with her husband J.C. Holmes in 1904. After his death in 1916, she took over the role of Funeral Director. Ms. Holmes Walker married Reverend Thomas H.B. Walker, a Methodist minister and author, on October 16, 1918. During the Great Depression, Ms. Holmes Walker invested in real estate, purchasing thirty properties in Jacksonville, Florida and New York, New York. The income from these investments prevented the closure of her funeral home business during the 1930's. Ms. Holmes Walker operated the Holmes Funeral Home until her death on May 20, 1945. The Holmes Funeral Home is still in operation in Jacksonville."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRosa G. Holmes Walker Papers, Thomas G. Carpenter Library, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Rosa G. Holmes Walker Papers, Thomas G. Carpenter Library, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains personal and business documents of Rosa Holmes Walker, a Black funeral home director and businesswoman active in Jacksonville, Florida, during the early twentieth century. Included in the collection are materials relating to business records, ledgers, death certificates, removal and burial permits, funeral home bills and correspondence, and real estate correspondence from New York, New York. The collection also includes materials from her relatives, Henry and Fannie Glover of St. Augustine, Florida (early twentieth century) and to the Glovers of South Carolina (nineteenth century). Inclusive years are 1871-1943, with the bulk of the materials from 1920-1930. Few personal items are included in the collection.\nThe Collection complements the Eartha M.M. White Collection as a source for Black history in Jacksonville, Florida, and provides documentation of a successful businesswoman flourishing in early twentieth century Northeast Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains personal and business documents of Rosa Holmes Walker, a Black funeral home director and businesswoman active in Jacksonville, Florida, during the early twentieth century. Included in the collection are materials relating to business records, ledgers, death certificates, removal and burial permits, funeral home bills and correspondence, and real estate correspondence from New York, New York. The collection also includes materials from her relatives, Henry and Fannie Glover of St. Augustine, Florida (early twentieth century) and to the Glovers of South Carolina (nineteenth century). Inclusive years are 1871-1943, with the bulk of the materials from 1920-1930. Few personal items are included in the collection.\nThe Collection complements the Eartha M.M. White Collection as a source for Black history in Jacksonville, Florida, and provides documentation of a successful businesswoman flourishing in early twentieth century Northeast Florida."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in the collection may be subject to copyright and are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accordance with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). Use of reproductions of copyrighted works in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement and be subject to the civil and criminal penalties of federal law. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for further information\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials in the collection may be subject to copyright and are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accordance with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). Use of reproductions of copyrighted works in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement and be subject to the civil and criminal penalties of federal law. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for further information"],"names_coll_ssim":["Holmes Funeral Home (Jacksonville, Fla.)","Glover family.","Holmes Walker family.","Glover, Fannie.","Glover, Henry L.","Holmes, J.C.","Walker, Rosa G. Holmes.","Walker, Thomas H.B. (Thomas Hamilton Beb), b.1873."],"names_ssim":["UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives","Holmes Funeral Home (Jacksonville, Fla.)","Glover family.","Holmes Walker family.","Glover, Fannie.","Glover, Henry L.","Holmes, J.C.","Walker, Rosa G. Holmes.","Walker, Thomas H.B. (Thomas Hamilton Beb), b.1873."],"corpname_ssim":["UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives","Holmes Funeral Home (Jacksonville, Fla.)"],"famname_ssim":["Glover family.","Holmes Walker family."],"persname_ssim":["Glover, Fannie.","Glover, Henry L.","Holmes, J.C.","Walker, Rosa G. Holmes.","Walker, Thomas H.B. (Thomas Hamilton Beb), b.1873."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":270,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870860532964130816,"_root_":"f119a1dbb75b4ee43eeaffac","timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:47:19.862Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/f119a1dbb75b4ee43eeaffac_aspace_00949cc024c6cd8e3c7dc244a4624b97"}},{"id":"cea7f57ccf776e8366478d8a_aspace_d250259ca09365f50fa83da741418388","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Personal Papers, 1911-1931","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/cea7f57ccf776e8366478d8a_aspace_d250259ca09365f50fa83da741418388#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003ePersonal papers of the Frost family include an abstract of title, Certificate of Membership of M.C. Frost in the National Highway Charts Association, a tax sale certificate, a receipt, and checks.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/cea7f57ccf776e8366478d8a_aspace_d250259ca09365f50fa83da741418388#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_d250259ca09365f50fa83da741418388","ref_ssm":["aspace_d250259ca09365f50fa83da741418388","aspace_d250259ca09365f50fa83da741418388"],"id":"cea7f57ccf776e8366478d8a_aspace_d250259ca09365f50fa83da741418388","title_filing_ssi":"Personal Papers","title_ssm":["Personal Papers"],"title_tesim":["Personal Papers"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1911-1931"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1911-1931"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Personal Papers, 1911-1931"],"text":["Personal Papers, 1911-1931","Frost Family Collection, Circa 1885-2009","/repositories/4/archival_objects/8966","box 1","folder 17","Personal papers of the Frost family include an abstract of title, Certificate of Membership of M.C. Frost in the National Highway Charts Association, a tax sale certificate, a receipt, and checks."],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ids_ssim":["cea7f57ccf776e8366478d8a"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Frost Family Collection, Circa 1885-2009"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Frost Family Collection, Circa 1885-2009"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/4/archival_objects/8966"],"repository_ssim":["Broward County Historical Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Frost Family Collection, Circa 1885-2009"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"sort_isi":21,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The Frost Family Collection is open for research."],"date_range_isim":[1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931],"containers_ssim":["box 1","folder 17"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePersonal papers of the Frost family include an abstract of title, Certificate of Membership of M.C. Frost in the National Highway Charts Association, a tax sale certificate, a receipt, and checks.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Personal papers of the Frost family include an abstract of title, Certificate of Membership of M.C. Frost in the National Highway Charts Association, a tax sale certificate, a receipt, and checks."],"_nest_path_":"/components#6","_nest_parent_":"cea7f57ccf776e8366478d8a","_root_":"cea7f57ccf776e8366478d8a","_version_":1876457696481247232,"timestamp":"2026-09-16T03:31:50.957Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"cea7f57ccf776e8366478d8a","title_filing_ssi":"Frost Family Collection ","title_ssm":["Frost Family Collection"],"title_tesim":["Frost Family Collection"],"ead_ssi":"cea7f57ccf776e8366478d8a","unitdate_ssm":["Circa 1885-2009"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Circa 1885-2009"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["BCHA.1998.22","/repositories/4/resources/82"],"text":["BCHA.1998.22","/repositories/4/resources/82","Frost Family Collection, Circa 1885-2009","Dania Beach (Fla.)","Port Everglades (Fort Lauderdale, Fla.)","Families -- Florida -- Broward County","Dwellings -- Florida -- Broward County","Seminole Indians","Produce trade","Tomato industry","Deeds","Photographs","Correspondence","Clippings","Maps","The Frost Family Collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged into eight series: Series I. Printed and Handwritten Materials, Series II. Correspondence, Series II. Series III. Newspaper Articles, Series IV. Maps, Series V. Photographs and Slides, Series VI. Deeds, Series VII. Personal Papers, and Series VIII. Financial Ledgers.","Andrew Christian (A.C.) Frost was born in Denmark in 1846. He moved to the United States in 1876 and settled in New York. His occupations and business led him to work and live in Illinois, Wisconsin, a return to Denmark, Miami and then Dania (at the time called Modello, Florida). Throughout his life, A.C. Frost worked many jobs, including that of chief clerk and bookkeeper, work for a construction company building the Illinois state capitol building, and odd jobs at the Leeland Hotel in Springfield, Illinois. He was also the proprietor of a general store with a post office, a store building, and a home in an area that would come to be called \"Frostville\" in Oconto County, Wisconsin. In Dania, Florida, he developed farms and built  the first general store (1922) with a post office in addition to other businesses. He purchased land and developments in the Dania area, and his support helped to establish an independent Broward County.","A.C. Frost died in Dania, Florida on February 12, 1924, leaving behind a large family, including sons who helped him develop land in Florida while he travelled to former areas of residence. Frost had three wives (Mary Gregerson Frost, Mary Hanson Frost, and Catherine Johnson Frost) and ten children during his lifetime.","The Frost Family Collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection.","View a selection of digitized materials from the Frost Family Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives.","The Frost Family Collection contains materials documenting the Frost family, one of Dania's first and most prominent families. The collection materials date from the 1890s through 2009. The collection includes newspaper clippings collected by and about the Frost family. notes on Frost family and Frost family tree, a printout of email correspondence concerning Frost family history, and a small book on Port Everglades in Florida. Correspondence concerns the Frost family business. Financial papers includes deeds and ledgers of payroll dating from the 1890s to 1940s, an abstract of title, Certificate of Membership of M.C. Frost in the National Highway Charts Association, a tax sale certificate, a receipt, and checks. The photographs in the collection are of particular interest as they document the earliest history of Dania as well as the Frost family. Also included are photographs of the Seminole New Dania Reservation from 1927."," Broward County Historical Archives","Frost, A.C. (Andrew Christian), 1846-1924","English"],"unitid_tesim":["BCHA.1998.22","/repositories/4/resources/82"],"normalized_date_ssm":["Circa 1885-2009"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Frost Family Collection, Circa 1885-2009"],"collection_title_tesim":["Frost Family Collection, Circa 1885-2009"],"collection_ssim":["Frost Family Collection, Circa 1885-2009"],"repository_ssm":["Broward County Historical Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Broward County Historical Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Dania Beach (Fla.)","Port Everglades (Fort Lauderdale, Fla.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Dania Beach (Fla.)","Port Everglades (Fort Lauderdale, Fla.)"],"places_ssim":["Dania Beach (Fla.)","Port Everglades (Fort Lauderdale, Fla.)"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Families -- Florida -- Broward County","Dwellings -- Florida -- Broward County","Seminole Indians","Produce trade","Tomato industry","Deeds","Photographs","Correspondence","Clippings","Maps"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Families -- Florida -- Broward County","Dwellings -- Florida -- Broward County","Seminole Indians","Produce trade","Tomato industry","Deeds","Photographs","Correspondence","Clippings","Maps"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2 Hollinger Boxes"],"extent_tesim":["2 Hollinger Boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Deeds","Photographs","Correspondence","Clippings","Maps"],"date_range_isim":[1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Frost Family Collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The Frost Family Collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into eight series: Series I. Printed and Handwritten Materials, Series II. Correspondence, Series II. Series III. Newspaper Articles, Series IV. Maps, Series V. Photographs and Slides, Series VI. Deeds, Series VII. Personal Papers, and Series VIII. Financial Ledgers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into eight series: Series I. Printed and Handwritten Materials, Series II. Correspondence, Series II. Series III. Newspaper Articles, Series IV. Maps, Series V. Photographs and Slides, Series VI. Deeds, Series VII. Personal Papers, and Series VIII. Financial Ledgers."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAndrew Christian (A.C.) Frost was born in Denmark in 1846. He moved to the United States in 1876 and settled in New York. His occupations and business led him to work and live in Illinois, Wisconsin, a return to Denmark, Miami and then Dania (at the time called Modello, Florida). Throughout his life, A.C. Frost worked many jobs, including that of chief clerk and bookkeeper, work for a construction company building the Illinois state capitol building, and odd jobs at the Leeland Hotel in Springfield, Illinois. He was also the proprietor of a general store with a post office, a store building, and a home in an area that would come to be called \"Frostville\" in Oconto County, Wisconsin. In Dania, Florida, he developed farms and built  the first general store (1922) with a post office in addition to other businesses. He purchased land and developments in the Dania area, and his support helped to establish an independent Broward County.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA.C. Frost died in Dania, Florida on February 12, 1924, leaving behind a large family, including sons who helped him develop land in Florida while he travelled to former areas of residence. Frost had three wives (Mary Gregerson Frost, Mary Hanson Frost, and Catherine Johnson Frost) and ten children during his lifetime.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Andrew Christian (A.C.) Frost was born in Denmark in 1846. He moved to the United States in 1876 and settled in New York. His occupations and business led him to work and live in Illinois, Wisconsin, a return to Denmark, Miami and then Dania (at the time called Modello, Florida). Throughout his life, A.C. Frost worked many jobs, including that of chief clerk and bookkeeper, work for a construction company building the Illinois state capitol building, and odd jobs at the Leeland Hotel in Springfield, Illinois. He was also the proprietor of a general store with a post office, a store building, and a home in an area that would come to be called \"Frostville\" in Oconto County, Wisconsin. In Dania, Florida, he developed farms and built  the first general store (1922) with a post office in addition to other businesses. He purchased land and developments in the Dania area, and his support helped to establish an independent Broward County.","A.C. Frost died in Dania, Florida on February 12, 1924, leaving behind a large family, including sons who helped him develop land in Florida while he travelled to former areas of residence. Frost had three wives (Mary Gregerson Frost, Mary Hanson Frost, and Catherine Johnson Frost) and ten children during his lifetime."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrost Family Collection, Broward County Historical Archives, Broward County Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Frost Family Collection, Broward County Historical Archives, Broward County Library."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Frost Family Collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The Frost Family Collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://digitalarchives.broward.org/digital/collection/p16146coll46\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eView a selection of digitized materials from the Frost Family Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Digital Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["View a selection of digitized materials from the Frost Family Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Frost Family Collection contains materials documenting the Frost family, one of Dania's first and most prominent families. The collection materials date from the 1890s through 2009. The collection includes newspaper clippings collected by and about the Frost family. notes on Frost family and Frost family tree, a printout of email correspondence concerning Frost family history, and a small book on Port Everglades in Florida. Correspondence concerns the Frost family business. Financial papers includes deeds and ledgers of payroll dating from the 1890s to 1940s, an abstract of title, Certificate of Membership of M.C. Frost in the National Highway Charts Association, a tax sale certificate, a receipt, and checks. The photographs in the collection are of particular interest as they document the earliest history of Dania as well as the Frost family. Also included are photographs of the Seminole New Dania Reservation from 1927.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Frost Family Collection contains materials documenting the Frost family, one of Dania's first and most prominent families. The collection materials date from the 1890s through 2009. The collection includes newspaper clippings collected by and about the Frost family. notes on Frost family and Frost family tree, a printout of email correspondence concerning Frost family history, and a small book on Port Everglades in Florida. Correspondence concerns the Frost family business. Financial papers includes deeds and ledgers of payroll dating from the 1890s to 1940s, an abstract of title, Certificate of Membership of M.C. Frost in the National Highway Charts Association, a tax sale certificate, a receipt, and checks. The photographs in the collection are of particular interest as they document the earliest history of Dania as well as the Frost family. Also included are photographs of the Seminole New Dania Reservation from 1927."],"names_ssim":[" Broward County Historical Archives","Frost, A.C. (Andrew Christian), 1846-1924"],"corpname_ssim":[" Broward County Historical Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["Frost, A.C. (Andrew Christian), 1846-1924"],"persname_ssim":["Frost, A.C. (Andrew Christian), 1846-1924"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":27,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1876457696481247232,"_root_":"cea7f57ccf776e8366478d8a","timestamp":"2026-09-16T03:31:50.957Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/cea7f57ccf776e8366478d8a_aspace_d250259ca09365f50fa83da741418388"}},{"id":"bdff065da9e7a089ef8a8152_aspace_32fbe3e615fd2bd428d6096bb93b519c","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Personal papers, 1920-1960","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/bdff065da9e7a089ef8a8152_aspace_32fbe3e615fd2bd428d6096bb93b519c#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_32fbe3e615fd2bd428d6096bb93b519c","ref_ssm":["aspace_32fbe3e615fd2bd428d6096bb93b519c","aspace_32fbe3e615fd2bd428d6096bb93b519c"],"id":"bdff065da9e7a089ef8a8152_aspace_32fbe3e615fd2bd428d6096bb93b519c","title_filing_ssi":"Personal papers","title_ssm":["Personal papers"],"title_tesim":["Personal papers"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1920-1960"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1920-1960"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Personal papers, 1920-1960"],"text":["Personal papers, 1920-1960","J. Dewey Hawkins Collection, 1920-1960","/repositories/4/archival_objects/22013"],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ids_ssim":["bdff065da9e7a089ef8a8152"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["J. Dewey Hawkins Collection, 1920-1960"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["J. Dewey Hawkins Collection, 1920-1960"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/4/archival_objects/22013"],"repository_ssim":["Broward County Historical Archives"],"collection_ssim":["J. Dewey Hawkins Collection, 1920-1960"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":7,"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"sort_isi":11,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The J. Dewey Hawkins Collection is open for research. Folder 3 containing the medical and Social Security information is restricted until January 1, 2059."],"date_range_isim":[1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960],"_nest_path_":"/components#2","_nest_parent_":"bdff065da9e7a089ef8a8152","_root_":"bdff065da9e7a089ef8a8152","_version_":1870840905865363456,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T03:35:22.005Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"bdff065da9e7a089ef8a8152","title_filing_ssi":"Hawkins, J. Dewey Collection","title_ssm":["J. Dewey Hawkins Collection"],"title_tesim":["J. Dewey Hawkins Collection"],"ead_ssi":"bdff065da9e7a089ef8a8152","unitdate_ssm":["1920-1960"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1920-1960"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["BCHA.1981.6","/repositories/4/resources/52"],"text":["BCHA.1981.6","/repositories/4/resources/52","J. Dewey Hawkins Collection, 1920-1960","Oakland Park (Broward County, Fla.)","Fort Lauderdale (Fla.)","Beef cattle","Banks and banking","Farmers","Freemasonry -- Lodges","Mayors","The J. Dewey Hawkins Collection is open for research. Folder 3 containing the medical and Social Security information is restricted until January 1, 2059.","The J. Dewey Hawkins Collection is digitized and available on the Broward County Library Digital Archives .","Joseph Dewey Hawkins was born on December 17, 1899 in Suwannee County, Florida. He married Ruby Wiggins in 1919 and later had a daugher named Jo Mildred. In 1922, the Hawkins family moved to Oakland Park for the opportunity to farm. Hawkins also served as mayor on the fledgling combination government of the unrealized Floranada Club development annexed with Oakland Park. The end to the Florida land boom, the 1926 hurricane, and the Great Depression resulted in the financial failure of Floranada. In 1929 Oakland Park became its own city with Hawkins elected as mayor. Having originally been elected mayor of Floranada / Oakland Park in 1926, he served as mayor for 28 years in total. He retired as Mayor of Oakland Park after multiple temporary attempts, as he had been reelected due to popular demand.","Hawkins had one of the biggest vegetable farms in Broward County and personally provided food and money to those who needed it during the Depression. He was also a successful cattle rancher who at one time possessed nearly 3,000 cattle and was the first rancher in the area to raise Brahma cattle. Additionally, he owned a packinghouse at NE 34th Court by the Florida East Coast Railway. According to the Florida Daily News and Evening Sentinel newspaper in 1929, during Prohibition, Hawkins did have liquor in his home and publically announced an invitation to the infamous mobster Al Capone to visit Oakland Park.","Hawkins was the founder and director of the Wilton Manors National Bank and also had a Masonic Lodge named in his honor. Joseph Dewey Hawkins died on November 15, 1958. ","The J. Dewey Hawkins Collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection.","The J. Dewey Hawkins Collection contains wallet cards, personal papers, photographs, a hat, ribbon, and a wallet documenting the career and personal life of Oakland Park's Mayor Joseph Dewey Hawkins (1899-1958). The materials date from 1920 to 1960."," Broward County Historical Archives","J. Dewey Hawkins (Joseph Dewey), 1899-1958","English"],"unitid_tesim":["BCHA.1981.6","/repositories/4/resources/52"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1920-1960"],"normalized_title_ssm":["J. Dewey Hawkins Collection, 1920-1960"],"collection_title_tesim":["J. Dewey Hawkins Collection, 1920-1960"],"collection_ssim":["J. Dewey Hawkins Collection, 1920-1960"],"repository_ssm":["Broward County Historical Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Broward County Historical Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Oakland Park (Broward County, Fla.)","Fort Lauderdale (Fla.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Oakland Park (Broward County, Fla.)","Fort Lauderdale (Fla.)"],"places_ssim":["Oakland Park (Broward County, Fla.)","Fort Lauderdale (Fla.)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Jo Mildred Daniel, the daughter of J. Dewey Hawkins, donated the materials to the Broward County Historical Commission in 1981 (Accession BCHA-1981.6)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Beef cattle","Banks and banking","Farmers","Freemasonry -- Lodges","Mayors"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Beef cattle","Banks and banking","Farmers","Freemasonry -- Lodges","Mayors"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 Half Hollinger Box"],"extent_tesim":["1 Half Hollinger Box"],"date_range_isim":[1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe J. Dewey Hawkins Collection is open for research. Folder 3 containing the medical and Social Security information is restricted until January 1, 2059.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The J. Dewey Hawkins Collection is open for research. Folder 3 containing the medical and Social Security information is restricted until January 1, 2059."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://digitalarchives.broward.org/digital/collection/deweyhawkins\"\u003eThe J. Dewey Hawkins Collection is digitized and available on the Broward County Library Digital Archives\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["The J. Dewey Hawkins Collection is digitized and available on the Broward County Library Digital Archives ."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJoseph Dewey Hawkins was born on December 17, 1899 in Suwannee County, Florida. He married Ruby Wiggins in 1919 and later had a daugher named Jo Mildred. In 1922, the Hawkins family moved to Oakland Park for the opportunity to farm. Hawkins also served as mayor on the fledgling combination government of the unrealized Floranada Club development annexed with Oakland Park. The end to the Florida land boom, the 1926 hurricane, and the Great Depression resulted in the financial failure of Floranada. In 1929 Oakland Park became its own city with Hawkins elected as mayor. Having originally been elected mayor of Floranada / Oakland Park in 1926, he served as mayor for 28 years in total. He retired as Mayor of Oakland Park after multiple temporary attempts, as he had been reelected due to popular demand.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHawkins had one of the biggest vegetable farms in Broward County and personally provided food and money to those who needed it during the Depression. He was also a successful cattle rancher who at one time possessed nearly 3,000 cattle and was the first rancher in the area to raise Brahma cattle. Additionally, he owned a packinghouse at NE 34th Court by the Florida East Coast Railway. According to the Florida Daily News and Evening Sentinel newspaper in 1929, during Prohibition, Hawkins did have liquor in his home and publically announced an invitation to the infamous mobster Al Capone to visit Oakland Park.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHawkins was the founder and director of the Wilton Manors National Bank and also had a Masonic Lodge named in his honor. Joseph Dewey Hawkins died on November 15, 1958. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Joseph Dewey Hawkins was born on December 17, 1899 in Suwannee County, Florida. He married Ruby Wiggins in 1919 and later had a daugher named Jo Mildred. In 1922, the Hawkins family moved to Oakland Park for the opportunity to farm. Hawkins also served as mayor on the fledgling combination government of the unrealized Floranada Club development annexed with Oakland Park. The end to the Florida land boom, the 1926 hurricane, and the Great Depression resulted in the financial failure of Floranada. In 1929 Oakland Park became its own city with Hawkins elected as mayor. Having originally been elected mayor of Floranada / Oakland Park in 1926, he served as mayor for 28 years in total. He retired as Mayor of Oakland Park after multiple temporary attempts, as he had been reelected due to popular demand.","Hawkins had one of the biggest vegetable farms in Broward County and personally provided food and money to those who needed it during the Depression. He was also a successful cattle rancher who at one time possessed nearly 3,000 cattle and was the first rancher in the area to raise Brahma cattle. Additionally, he owned a packinghouse at NE 34th Court by the Florida East Coast Railway. According to the Florida Daily News and Evening Sentinel newspaper in 1929, during Prohibition, Hawkins did have liquor in his home and publically announced an invitation to the infamous mobster Al Capone to visit Oakland Park.","Hawkins was the founder and director of the Wilton Manors National Bank and also had a Masonic Lodge named in his honor. Joseph Dewey Hawkins died on November 15, 1958. "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJ. Dewey Hawkins Collection, Broward County Historical Archives, Broward County Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["J. Dewey Hawkins Collection, Broward County Historical Archives, Broward County Library."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe J. Dewey Hawkins Collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The J. Dewey Hawkins Collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe J. Dewey Hawkins Collection contains wallet cards, personal papers, photographs, a hat, ribbon, and a wallet documenting the career and personal life of Oakland Park's Mayor Joseph Dewey Hawkins (1899-1958). The materials date from 1920 to 1960.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The J. Dewey Hawkins Collection contains wallet cards, personal papers, photographs, a hat, ribbon, and a wallet documenting the career and personal life of Oakland Park's Mayor Joseph Dewey Hawkins (1899-1958). The materials date from 1920 to 1960."],"names_ssim":[" Broward County Historical Archives","J. Dewey Hawkins (Joseph Dewey), 1899-1958"],"corpname_ssim":[" Broward County Historical Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["J. Dewey Hawkins (Joseph Dewey), 1899-1958"],"persname_ssim":["J. Dewey Hawkins (Joseph Dewey), 1899-1958"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":22,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870840905865363456,"_root_":"bdff065da9e7a089ef8a8152","timestamp":"2026-07-16T03:35:22.005Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/bdff065da9e7a089ef8a8152_aspace_32fbe3e615fd2bd428d6096bb93b519c"}},{"id":"22364338b1d5f055f8304dcd_aspace_9bd23b08f3245fe40157b6d8bd02fb3a","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Personal papers and printed material, 1916-1955","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/22364338b1d5f055f8304dcd_aspace_9bd23b08f3245fe40157b6d8bd02fb3a#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_9bd23b08f3245fe40157b6d8bd02fb3a","ref_ssm":["aspace_9bd23b08f3245fe40157b6d8bd02fb3a","aspace_9bd23b08f3245fe40157b6d8bd02fb3a"],"id":"22364338b1d5f055f8304dcd_aspace_9bd23b08f3245fe40157b6d8bd02fb3a","title_filing_ssi":"Personal papers and printed material","title_ssm":["Personal papers and printed material"],"title_tesim":["Personal papers and printed material"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1916-1955"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1916-1955"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Personal papers and printed material, 1916-1955"],"text":["Personal papers and printed material, 1916-1955","Frank Stirling Collection, Circa 1916-1949","/repositories/4/archival_objects/1319"],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ids_ssim":["22364338b1d5f055f8304dcd"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Frank Stirling Collection, Circa 1916-1949"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Frank Stirling Collection, Circa 1916-1949"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/4/archival_objects/1319"],"repository_ssim":["Broward County Historical Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Frank Stirling Collection, Circa 1916-1949"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":20,"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"sort_isi":144,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for research."],"date_range_isim":[1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955],"_nest_path_":"/components#2","_nest_parent_":"22364338b1d5f055f8304dcd","_root_":"22364338b1d5f055f8304dcd","_version_":1870840682708467712,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T03:31:49.185Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"22364338b1d5f055f8304dcd","title_filing_ssi":"Stirling, Frank Collection","title_ssm":["Frank Stirling Collection"],"title_tesim":["Frank Stirling Collection"],"ead_ssi":"22364338b1d5f055f8304dcd","unitdate_ssm":["Circa 1916-1949"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Circa 1916-1949"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["BCHA.1978.13","/repositories/4/resources/14"],"text":["BCHA.1978.13","/repositories/4/resources/14","Frank Stirling Collection, Circa 1916-1949","Collection is open for research.","The Frank Stirling Collection is divided into three series: I. Correspondence II. Personal and professional papers III. Printed materials.","Frank Stirling (1878-1949) was a member of the Florida State House of Representatives, mayor and horticulturist. He was born on April 13, 1878 in Gallipolis, Ohio and studied agronomy, biology, and entymology. He worked as a horticulturist in Washington and California and in 1907 moved to Deland, Florida to manage the John B. Stetson Packinghouse. While working at John B. Stetson Packinghouse, he became a leading figure in the fight to eradicate citrus canker, a bacterial disease that affects citrus fruit trees. In 1913, Stirling became the chief inspector for the Florida Plant. ","In 1915, Stirling worked as an instructor at the University of Florida in Gainesville. In 1924, he moved to Davie, Florida and focused his life on improving issues as it pertains to horticulture and civic concerns. On November 16, 1925, Stirling became the first mayor of Davie, Florida. ","Stirling created multiple groves, packinghouses, and nurseries throughout south Florida, including the Sitrling and Sons Nursery in Davie. He was an early grower of melaleuca trees, and was a proponent of using them to help control flooding in the Everglades. In 1927, Stirling along with Floyd Wray and Clarence P. Hammerstein, planted citrus trees in Flamingo Groves, and helped Floyd Wray to develop the botanical garden at Flamingo Gardens. He worked to improve flood control in South Florida. ","He served in the Florida House of Representatives representing Broward County from 1945 until the 1948 term. Frank Stirling died from cancer on November 12, 1949.","This collection received file level processing. The finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as aquisitions to the collection.","View a selection of digitized materials from the Frank Stirling Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives.","The Frank Stirling Collection contains correspondence including telegrams and letters, book logs, bills, pamphlets, journals and receipt books related to Frank Stirling. Frank Stirling was the first mayor of Davie, Florida, a state representative and a horticulturist. The collection documents his time in the state legislature from 1945 to 1948. It also extensively documents his involvement in horticulture and agriculture, including the daily business matters such as the effectiveness of various fertilizers, hiring Bahamian farm workers, and payroll. The correspondence contains detailed information about different types of crops grown in Broward County, as well as experiemental crops being grown in the area. It also contains information about the creation of Hugh Taylor Birch State Park."," Broward County Historical Archives","English"],"unitid_tesim":["BCHA.1978.13","/repositories/4/resources/14"],"normalized_date_ssm":["Circa 1916-1949"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Frank Stirling Collection, Circa 1916-1949"],"collection_title_tesim":["Frank Stirling Collection, Circa 1916-1949"],"collection_ssim":["Frank Stirling Collection, Circa 1916-1949"],"repository_ssm":["Broward County Historical Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Broward County Historical Archives"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["13 Hollinger Boxes"],"extent_tesim":["13 Hollinger Boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Frank Stirling Collection is divided into three series: I. Correspondence II. Personal and professional papers III. Printed materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Frank Stirling Collection is divided into three series: I. Correspondence II. Personal and professional papers III. Printed materials."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrank Stirling (1878-1949) was a member of the Florida State House of Representatives, mayor and horticulturist. He was born on April 13, 1878 in Gallipolis, Ohio and studied agronomy, biology, and entymology. He worked as a horticulturist in Washington and California and in 1907 moved to Deland, Florida to manage the John B. Stetson Packinghouse. While working at John B. Stetson Packinghouse, he became a leading figure in the fight to eradicate citrus canker, a bacterial disease that affects citrus fruit trees. In 1913, Stirling became the chief inspector for the Florida Plant. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1915, Stirling worked as an instructor at the University of Florida in Gainesville. In 1924, he moved to Davie, Florida and focused his life on improving issues as it pertains to horticulture and civic concerns. On November 16, 1925, Stirling became the first mayor of Davie, Florida. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eStirling created multiple groves, packinghouses, and nurseries throughout south Florida, including the Sitrling and Sons Nursery in Davie. He was an early grower of melaleuca trees, and was a proponent of using them to help control flooding in the Everglades. In 1927, Stirling along with Floyd Wray and Clarence P. Hammerstein, planted citrus trees in Flamingo Groves, and helped Floyd Wray to develop the botanical garden at Flamingo Gardens. He worked to improve flood control in South Florida. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe served in the Florida House of Representatives representing Broward County from 1945 until the 1948 term. Frank Stirling died from cancer on November 12, 1949.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Frank Stirling (1878-1949) was a member of the Florida State House of Representatives, mayor and horticulturist. He was born on April 13, 1878 in Gallipolis, Ohio and studied agronomy, biology, and entymology. He worked as a horticulturist in Washington and California and in 1907 moved to Deland, Florida to manage the John B. Stetson Packinghouse. While working at John B. Stetson Packinghouse, he became a leading figure in the fight to eradicate citrus canker, a bacterial disease that affects citrus fruit trees. In 1913, Stirling became the chief inspector for the Florida Plant. ","In 1915, Stirling worked as an instructor at the University of Florida in Gainesville. In 1924, he moved to Davie, Florida and focused his life on improving issues as it pertains to horticulture and civic concerns. On November 16, 1925, Stirling became the first mayor of Davie, Florida. ","Stirling created multiple groves, packinghouses, and nurseries throughout south Florida, including the Sitrling and Sons Nursery in Davie. He was an early grower of melaleuca trees, and was a proponent of using them to help control flooding in the Everglades. In 1927, Stirling along with Floyd Wray and Clarence P. Hammerstein, planted citrus trees in Flamingo Groves, and helped Floyd Wray to develop the botanical garden at Flamingo Gardens. He worked to improve flood control in South Florida. ","He served in the Florida House of Representatives representing Broward County from 1945 until the 1948 term. Frank Stirling died from cancer on November 12, 1949."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Frank Stirling Collection, Broward County Historical Archives, Broward County Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["The Frank Stirling Collection, Broward County Historical Archives, Broward County Library."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection received file level processing. The finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as aquisitions to the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This collection received file level processing. The finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as aquisitions to the collection."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://digitalarchives.broward.org/digital/collection/p16146coll19\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eView a selection of digitized materials from the Frank Stirling Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Digital Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["View a selection of digitized materials from the Frank Stirling Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Frank Stirling Collection contains correspondence including telegrams and letters, book logs, bills, pamphlets, journals and receipt books related to Frank Stirling. Frank Stirling was the first mayor of Davie, Florida, a state representative and a horticulturist. The collection documents his time in the state legislature from 1945 to 1948. It also extensively documents his involvement in horticulture and agriculture, including the daily business matters such as the effectiveness of various fertilizers, hiring Bahamian farm workers, and payroll. The correspondence contains detailed information about different types of crops grown in Broward County, as well as experiemental crops being grown in the area. It also contains information about the creation of Hugh Taylor Birch State Park.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Frank Stirling Collection contains correspondence including telegrams and letters, book logs, bills, pamphlets, journals and receipt books related to Frank Stirling. Frank Stirling was the first mayor of Davie, Florida, a state representative and a horticulturist. The collection documents his time in the state legislature from 1945 to 1948. It also extensively documents his involvement in horticulture and agriculture, including the daily business matters such as the effectiveness of various fertilizers, hiring Bahamian farm workers, and payroll. The correspondence contains detailed information about different types of crops grown in Broward County, as well as experiemental crops being grown in the area. It also contains information about the creation of Hugh Taylor Birch State Park."],"names_ssim":[" Broward County Historical Archives"],"corpname_ssim":[" Broward County Historical Archives"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":164,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870840682708467712,"_root_":"22364338b1d5f055f8304dcd","timestamp":"2026-07-16T03:31:49.185Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/22364338b1d5f055f8304dcd_aspace_9bd23b08f3245fe40157b6d8bd02fb3a"}},{"id":"fcab20b88f8ed86bfbd56dc2_aspace_d16b6b95fc24ce07b5ebf13c4bcfa73c","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Personal Papers, Circa 1906-1980","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/fcab20b88f8ed86bfbd56dc2_aspace_d16b6b95fc24ce07b5ebf13c4bcfa73c#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003ePersonal papers include documents from Easter Lily Gates and family members. General papers contain tax and deed forms belonging to Easter and George Gates, stock certificates, church bulletins, church programs, Easter Lily Gates' obituary, East Side School Parent Teachers Association documents, and financial documents belonging to George Gates. Prayer books collected by Easter Lily Gates include bible verses, pocket prayer books, and gospel hymns. Photographs include personal and professional pictures of Easter Lily Gates. Images of her hat collection are also included.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/fcab20b88f8ed86bfbd56dc2_aspace_d16b6b95fc24ce07b5ebf13c4bcfa73c#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_d16b6b95fc24ce07b5ebf13c4bcfa73c","ref_ssm":["aspace_d16b6b95fc24ce07b5ebf13c4bcfa73c","aspace_d16b6b95fc24ce07b5ebf13c4bcfa73c"],"id":"fcab20b88f8ed86bfbd56dc2_aspace_d16b6b95fc24ce07b5ebf13c4bcfa73c","title_filing_ssi":"Personal Papers","title_ssm":["Personal Papers"],"title_tesim":["Personal Papers"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Circa 1906-1980"],"normalized_date_ssm":["Circa 1906-1980"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Personal Papers, Circa 1906-1980"],"text":["Personal Papers, Circa 1906-1980","Easter Lily Gates Collection, 1898-1982","/repositories/4/archival_objects/3592","Personal papers include documents from Easter Lily Gates and family members. General papers contain tax and deed forms belonging to Easter and George Gates, stock certificates, church bulletins, church programs, Easter Lily Gates' obituary, East Side School Parent Teachers Association documents, and financial documents belonging to George Gates. Prayer books collected by Easter Lily Gates include bible verses, pocket prayer books, and gospel hymns. Photographs include personal and professional pictures of Easter Lily Gates. Images of her hat collection are also included.","The series is organized into three sub-series: general, prayer books, and photographs. Each sub-series is arranged alphabetically within folders."],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ids_ssim":["fcab20b88f8ed86bfbd56dc2"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Easter Lily Gates Collection, 1898-1982"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Easter Lily Gates Collection, 1898-1982"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/4/archival_objects/3592"],"repository_ssim":["Broward County Historical Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Easter Lily Gates Collection, 1898-1982"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":3,"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"sort_isi":232,"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The Easter Lily Gates Collection is open for research."],"date_range_isim":[1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePersonal papers include documents from Easter Lily Gates and family members. General papers contain tax and deed forms belonging to Easter and George Gates, stock certificates, church bulletins, church programs, Easter Lily Gates' obituary, East Side School Parent Teachers Association documents, and financial documents belonging to George Gates. Prayer books collected by Easter Lily Gates include bible verses, pocket prayer books, and gospel hymns. Photographs include personal and professional pictures of Easter Lily Gates. Images of her hat collection are also included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe series is organized into three sub-series: general, prayer books, and photographs. Each sub-series is arranged alphabetically within folders.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Personal papers include documents from Easter Lily Gates and family members. General papers contain tax and deed forms belonging to Easter and George Gates, stock certificates, church bulletins, church programs, Easter Lily Gates' obituary, East Side School Parent Teachers Association documents, and financial documents belonging to George Gates. Prayer books collected by Easter Lily Gates include bible verses, pocket prayer books, and gospel hymns. Photographs include personal and professional pictures of Easter Lily Gates. Images of her hat collection are also included.","The series is organized into three sub-series: general, prayer books, and photographs. Each sub-series is arranged alphabetically within folders."],"_nest_path_":"/components#2","_nest_parent_":"fcab20b88f8ed86bfbd56dc2","_root_":"fcab20b88f8ed86bfbd56dc2","_version_":1875370525482549248,"timestamp":"2026-09-04T03:31:43.893Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"fcab20b88f8ed86bfbd56dc2","title_filing_ssi":"Gates, Easter Lily Collection","title_ssm":["Easter Lily Gates Collection"],"title_tesim":["Easter Lily Gates Collection"],"ead_ssi":"fcab20b88f8ed86bfbd56dc2","unitdate_ssm":["1898-1982"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1898-1982"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["BCHA.2021.1","/repositories/4/resources/179"],"text":["BCHA.2021.1","/repositories/4/resources/179","Easter Lily Gates Collection, 1898-1982","Broward County (Fla.)","Gates, Easter Lily, 1889-1985 -- Correspondence","Broward County (Fla.). Board of County Commissioners","Voter registration -- Florida -- Broward County","Voting -- Florida -- Broward County","Elections -- Florida -- Broward County","Photographs","Hats","Programs","Maps","Certificates","The collection is arranged into 6 series: Series I. Correspondence, Series II. Professional Papers, Series III. Personal Papers, Series IV. Printed Materials, Series V. Awards, and Series VI. Ephemera.","Easter Lily Biblo Gates was born on April 21, 1889, in Des Moines, Iowa to parents Elijah and Etta Biblo. Easter Lily Gates travelled west with her family by covered wagon to Utah and Nevada. She made hats as a store clerk at 17 years old. On January 20, 1910, she married George Peter Gates.","Easter and George Gates moved to Fort Lauderdale, Florida in 1918. They had two sons named Robert and Theodore. In 1926, Easter Lily saved her family in a severe hurricane by carrying her husband and two sons to the second floor of their home; they lost everything they owned and two weeks later her husband died from anemia. To provide for her children, Gates became Broward County's first female bus driver. In 1928, she ran for and won the  Supervisor of Elections job.  She maintained this position for 40 years, from 1929 to 1969. Easter Lily Gates registered Broward County's first Seminole and African-American voters.","Easter Lily Gates retired in 1969 at 80 years old. At 92 years old, she moved to Tampa, Florida and Thomasville, Georgia to live with her sons. Easter Lily Gates entered a nursing home in Tampa before her death. She died in February 1985.","This collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection.","View a selection of digitized materials from the Easter Lily Gates Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives.","The Easter Lily Gates Collection contains correspondence, photographs, printed materials, maps, prayer books, awards, political and election materials documenting the professional and personal life of Easter Lily Gates.","The Easter Lily Gates Collection is open for research."," Broward County Historical Archives","English"],"unitid_tesim":["BCHA.2021.1","/repositories/4/resources/179"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1898-1982"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Easter Lily Gates Collection, 1898-1982"],"collection_title_tesim":["Easter Lily Gates Collection, 1898-1982"],"collection_ssim":["Easter Lily Gates Collection, 1898-1982"],"repository_ssm":["Broward County Historical Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Broward County Historical Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Broward County (Fla.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Broward County (Fla.)"],"places_ssim":["Broward County (Fla.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The Easter Lily Gates Collection is open for research."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Gates, Easter Lily, 1889-1985 -- Correspondence","Broward County (Fla.). 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Personal Papers, Series IV. Printed Materials, Series V. Awards, and Series VI. Ephemera.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into 6 series: Series I. Correspondence, Series II. Professional Papers, Series III. Personal Papers, Series IV. Printed Materials, Series V. Awards, and Series VI. Ephemera."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEaster Lily Biblo Gates was born on April 21, 1889, in Des Moines, Iowa to parents Elijah and Etta Biblo. Easter Lily Gates travelled west with her family by covered wagon to Utah and Nevada. She made hats as a store clerk at 17 years old. On January 20, 1910, she married George Peter Gates.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEaster and George Gates moved to Fort Lauderdale, Florida in 1918. They had two sons named Robert and Theodore. In 1926, Easter Lily saved her family in a severe hurricane by carrying her husband and two sons to the second floor of their home; they lost everything they owned and two weeks later her husband died from anemia. To provide for her children, Gates became Broward County's first female bus driver. In 1928, she ran for and won the  Supervisor of Elections job.  She maintained this position for 40 years, from 1929 to 1969. Easter Lily Gates registered Broward County's first Seminole and African-American voters.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEaster Lily Gates retired in 1969 at 80 years old. At 92 years old, she moved to Tampa, Florida and Thomasville, Georgia to live with her sons. Easter Lily Gates entered a nursing home in Tampa before her death. She died in February 1985.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Easter Lily Biblo Gates was born on April 21, 1889, in Des Moines, Iowa to parents Elijah and Etta Biblo. Easter Lily Gates travelled west with her family by covered wagon to Utah and Nevada. She made hats as a store clerk at 17 years old. On January 20, 1910, she married George Peter Gates.","Easter and George Gates moved to Fort Lauderdale, Florida in 1918. They had two sons named Robert and Theodore. In 1926, Easter Lily saved her family in a severe hurricane by carrying her husband and two sons to the second floor of their home; they lost everything they owned and two weeks later her husband died from anemia. To provide for her children, Gates became Broward County's first female bus driver. In 1928, she ran for and won the  Supervisor of Elections job.  She maintained this position for 40 years, from 1929 to 1969. Easter Lily Gates registered Broward County's first Seminole and African-American voters.","Easter Lily Gates retired in 1969 at 80 years old. At 92 years old, she moved to Tampa, Florida and Thomasville, Georgia to live with her sons. Easter Lily Gates entered a nursing home in Tampa before her death. She died in February 1985."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEaster Lily Gates Collection, Broward County Historical Archives, Broward County Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Easter Lily Gates Collection, Broward County Historical Archives, Broward County Library."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://digitalarchives.broward.org/digital/collection/elgates/search\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eView a selection of digitized materials from the Easter Lily Gates Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Digital Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["View a selection of digitized materials from the Easter Lily Gates Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Easter Lily Gates Collection contains correspondence, photographs, printed materials, maps, prayer books, awards, political and election materials documenting the professional and personal life of Easter Lily Gates.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Easter Lily Gates Collection contains correspondence, photographs, printed materials, maps, prayer books, awards, political and election materials documenting the professional and personal life of Easter Lily Gates."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Easter Lily Gates Collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Easter Lily Gates Collection is open for research."],"names_ssim":[" Broward County Historical Archives"],"corpname_ssim":[" Broward County Historical Archives"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":501,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1875370525482549248,"_root_":"fcab20b88f8ed86bfbd56dc2","timestamp":"2026-09-04T03:31:43.893Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/fcab20b88f8ed86bfbd56dc2_aspace_d16b6b95fc24ce07b5ebf13c4bcfa73c"}},{"id":"75b92a4cc3579be1cf6d672a_aspace_6452c1df18b28f3cb04ba63dd08f3c66","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Personal Photographs, Circa 1900-1951","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/75b92a4cc3579be1cf6d672a_aspace_6452c1df18b28f3cb04ba63dd08f3c66#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_6452c1df18b28f3cb04ba63dd08f3c66","ref_ssm":["aspace_6452c1df18b28f3cb04ba63dd08f3c66","aspace_6452c1df18b28f3cb04ba63dd08f3c66"],"id":"75b92a4cc3579be1cf6d672a_aspace_6452c1df18b28f3cb04ba63dd08f3c66","title_filing_ssi":"Personal Photographs","title_ssm":["Personal Photographs"],"title_tesim":["Personal Photographs"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Circa 1900-1951"],"normalized_date_ssm":["Circa 1900-1951"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Personal Photographs, Circa 1900-1951"],"text":["Personal Photographs, Circa 1900-1951","Walter R. Clark Collection, Circa 1892-1949","Photographs","/repositories/4/archival_objects/1354","box 1","folder 7-9"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["75b92a4cc3579be1cf6d672a","75b92a4cc3579be1cf6d672a_aspace_923581f1272d46e3540b184de4b96d1d"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Walter R. Clark Collection, Circa 1892-1949","Photographs"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Walter R. Clark Collection, Circa 1892-1949","Photographs"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/4/archival_objects/1354"],"repository_ssim":["Broward County Historical Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Walter R. Clark Collection, Circa 1892-1949"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":8,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The Walter R. Collection is open for research."],"date_range_isim":[1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951],"containers_ssim":["box 1","folder 7-9"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#2","_nest_parent_":"75b92a4cc3579be1cf6d672a_aspace_923581f1272d46e3540b184de4b96d1d","_root_":"75b92a4cc3579be1cf6d672a","timestamp":"2026-07-09T01:50:38.982Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"75b92a4cc3579be1cf6d672a","title_filing_ssi":"Clark, Walter R. Collection","title_ssm":["Walter R. Clark Collection"],"title_tesim":["Walter R. Clark Collection"],"ead_ssi":"75b92a4cc3579be1cf6d672a","unitdate_ssm":["Circa 1892-1949"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Circa 1892-1949"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["BCHA.1975.18","/repositories/4/resources/15"],"text":["BCHA.1975.18","/repositories/4/resources/15","Walter R. Clark Collection, Circa 1892-1949","Photographs","scrapbooks","The Walter R. Collection is open for research.","The Walter R. Clark Collection is digitized and available on the Broward County Library Digital Archives .","The Walter R. Clark Collection is arranged into four series: \n I. Correspondence II. Photographs III. Scrapbook IV. Framed collection of badges","Walter Reed Clark was born on December 11, 1904 in Fort Lauderdale, Florida to farmers James Clark and Annie Miller Clark. He was the eldest of four sons. As a young adult, Clark was a butcher in a meat market before running for Broward County Sheriff in 1932. \nIn 1926, Clark married Avis Mae Mull and together they had a son named Curtis Clark. The couple later divorced and Clark married Odell Clark in 1937. ","In 1933 he became the Broward County Sheriff and served five terms until 1950. Walter Clark's career as sheriff is most noted by the lynching of African American field worker Reuben Stacey in 1935. Reuben Stacey was accused of attacking a white woman and was lynched while being transferred from the Broward County Courthouse to the Dade County jail. A grand jury investigated the lynching on July 23, 1935. The sheriff and his deputies in charge of the transfer were absolved of all wrongdoing in the crime.","Clark's time as Sheriff was also shaped by an incident in his first year in office that resulted in the Supreme Court Case Chambers v. Florida. It is clear from the evidence of both the State and four accused men that from May 14 to May 20, 1933 Sheriff Walter R. Clark other police officers subjected forty \"negro suspects\" of a murder to intense and random questioning. On May 20th, four of the suspects \"broke\" and confessed to the murder. Chambers, Davis, Williamson and Woodward were sentenced by an all-white jury to death by electric chair. S.D. McGill took up their defense case, and the legal battle to free them dragged on for years.  On February 12, 1940, Justice Thurgood Marshall and the Supreme Court overturned the four men's convictions. In 1942, after 9 years of imprisonment, the four men were declared not guilty and released. Chambers vs. Florida was a landmark case in the US Supreme Court that set the precedent that police pressure, mental torture, and threats of violence violates the Due Process Clause.","Walter Clark was also accused of compliance in multiple illegal gambling institutions. In 1950, Senator Estes Kefauver and his committee began an investigation of Sheriff Clark and his connection to illegal gambling in Broward County. Kefauver exposed Clark's involvement in the Broward Novelty Company which alledgedly owned slot machines and ran an illegal lottery. However, at the end of the trial, Clark was found not guilty on all counts. ","Walter Clark died of leukemia on April 26, 1951.","This collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as aquisitions to the collection.","The Walter R. Clark collection contains correspondence, photographs, a scrapbook, and a framed collection of badges related to the professional and personal life of Walter Reed Clark, the Sheriff of Broward County from 1933 to 1950.","A framed collection of Clark's badges is stored separately. An oversize photograph of Robert Clark is in an oversize photographs box."," Broward County Historical Archives","Broward County (Fla.). Sheriff's Office","English"],"unitid_tesim":["BCHA.1975.18","/repositories/4/resources/15"],"normalized_date_ssm":["Circa 1892-1949"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Walter R. Clark Collection, Circa 1892-1949"],"collection_title_tesim":["Walter R. Clark Collection, Circa 1892-1949"],"collection_ssim":["Walter R. Clark Collection, Circa 1892-1949"],"repository_ssm":["Broward County Historical Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Broward County Historical Archives"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Frank Clark donated the materials to the Broward County Historical Commission in 1975 (Accession BCHA-1975.18)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Photographs","scrapbooks"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Photographs","scrapbooks"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 Hollinger Box","1 Half Hollinger Box","1 Objects"],"extent_tesim":["1 Hollinger Box","1 Half Hollinger Box","1 Objects"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs","scrapbooks"],"date_range_isim":[1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Walter R. Collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The Walter R. Collection is open for research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://digitalarchives.broward.org/digital/collection/p16146coll18\"\u003eThe Walter R. Clark Collection is digitized and available on the Broward County Library Digital Archives\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Digitized Materials"],"altformavail_tesim":["The Walter R. Clark Collection is digitized and available on the Broward County Library Digital Archives ."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Walter R. Clark Collection is arranged into four series: \n\u003cP\u003eI. Correspondence\u003c/P\u003e\n\u003cP\u003eII. Photographs\u003c/P\u003e\n\u003cP\u003eIII. Scrapbook\u003c/P\u003e\n\u003cP\u003eIV. Framed collection of badges\u003c/P\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Walter R. Clark Collection is arranged into four series: \n I. Correspondence II. Photographs III. Scrapbook IV. Framed collection of badges"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWalter Reed Clark was born on December 11, 1904 in Fort Lauderdale, Florida to farmers James Clark and Annie Miller Clark. He was the eldest of four sons. As a young adult, Clark was a butcher in a meat market before running for Broward County Sheriff in 1932. \nIn 1926, Clark married Avis Mae Mull and together they had a son named Curtis Clark. The couple later divorced and Clark married Odell Clark in 1937. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1933 he became the Broward County Sheriff and served five terms until 1950. Walter Clark's career as sheriff is most noted by the lynching of African American field worker Reuben Stacey in 1935. 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On February 12, 1940, Justice Thurgood Marshall and the Supreme Court overturned the four men's convictions. In 1942, after 9 years of imprisonment, the four men were declared not guilty and released. Chambers vs. Florida was a landmark case in the US Supreme Court that set the precedent that police pressure, mental torture, and threats of violence violates the Due Process Clause.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWalter Clark was also accused of compliance in multiple illegal gambling institutions. In 1950, Senator Estes Kefauver and his committee began an investigation of Sheriff Clark and his connection to illegal gambling in Broward County. Kefauver exposed Clark's involvement in the Broward Novelty Company which alledgedly owned slot machines and ran an illegal lottery. However, at the end of the trial, Clark was found not guilty on all counts. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWalter Clark died of leukemia on April 26, 1951.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Walter Reed Clark was born on December 11, 1904 in Fort Lauderdale, Florida to farmers James Clark and Annie Miller Clark. He was the eldest of four sons. As a young adult, Clark was a butcher in a meat market before running for Broward County Sheriff in 1932. \nIn 1926, Clark married Avis Mae Mull and together they had a son named Curtis Clark. The couple later divorced and Clark married Odell Clark in 1937. ","In 1933 he became the Broward County Sheriff and served five terms until 1950. Walter Clark's career as sheriff is most noted by the lynching of African American field worker Reuben Stacey in 1935. Reuben Stacey was accused of attacking a white woman and was lynched while being transferred from the Broward County Courthouse to the Dade County jail. A grand jury investigated the lynching on July 23, 1935. The sheriff and his deputies in charge of the transfer were absolved of all wrongdoing in the crime.","Clark's time as Sheriff was also shaped by an incident in his first year in office that resulted in the Supreme Court Case Chambers v. Florida. It is clear from the evidence of both the State and four accused men that from May 14 to May 20, 1933 Sheriff Walter R. Clark other police officers subjected forty \"negro suspects\" of a murder to intense and random questioning. On May 20th, four of the suspects \"broke\" and confessed to the murder. Chambers, Davis, Williamson and Woodward were sentenced by an all-white jury to death by electric chair. S.D. McGill took up their defense case, and the legal battle to free them dragged on for years.  On February 12, 1940, Justice Thurgood Marshall and the Supreme Court overturned the four men's convictions. In 1942, after 9 years of imprisonment, the four men were declared not guilty and released. Chambers vs. Florida was a landmark case in the US Supreme Court that set the precedent that police pressure, mental torture, and threats of violence violates the Due Process Clause.","Walter Clark was also accused of compliance in multiple illegal gambling institutions. In 1950, Senator Estes Kefauver and his committee began an investigation of Sheriff Clark and his connection to illegal gambling in Broward County. Kefauver exposed Clark's involvement in the Broward Novelty Company which alledgedly owned slot machines and ran an illegal lottery. However, at the end of the trial, Clark was found not guilty on all counts. ","Walter Clark died of leukemia on April 26, 1951."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWalter R. 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Clark Collection, Circa 1892-1949","Photographs","/repositories/4/archival_objects/1363","box 2","folder 10"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["75b92a4cc3579be1cf6d672a","75b92a4cc3579be1cf6d672a_aspace_923581f1272d46e3540b184de4b96d1d"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Walter R. Clark Collection, Circa 1892-1949","Photographs"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Walter R. Clark Collection, Circa 1892-1949","Photographs"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/4/archival_objects/1363"],"repository_ssim":["Broward County Historical Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Walter R. Clark Collection, Circa 1892-1949"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":9,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The Walter R. Collection is open for research."],"date_range_isim":[1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951],"containers_ssim":["box 2","folder 10"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#3","_nest_parent_":"75b92a4cc3579be1cf6d672a_aspace_923581f1272d46e3540b184de4b96d1d","_root_":"75b92a4cc3579be1cf6d672a","timestamp":"2026-07-09T01:50:38.982Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"75b92a4cc3579be1cf6d672a","title_filing_ssi":"Clark, Walter R. Collection","title_ssm":["Walter R. Clark Collection"],"title_tesim":["Walter R. Clark Collection"],"ead_ssi":"75b92a4cc3579be1cf6d672a","unitdate_ssm":["Circa 1892-1949"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Circa 1892-1949"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["BCHA.1975.18","/repositories/4/resources/15"],"text":["BCHA.1975.18","/repositories/4/resources/15","Walter R. Clark Collection, Circa 1892-1949","Photographs","scrapbooks","The Walter R. Collection is open for research.","The Walter R. Clark Collection is digitized and available on the Broward County Library Digital Archives .","The Walter R. Clark Collection is arranged into four series: \n I. Correspondence II. Photographs III. Scrapbook IV. Framed collection of badges","Walter Reed Clark was born on December 11, 1904 in Fort Lauderdale, Florida to farmers James Clark and Annie Miller Clark. He was the eldest of four sons. As a young adult, Clark was a butcher in a meat market before running for Broward County Sheriff in 1932. \nIn 1926, Clark married Avis Mae Mull and together they had a son named Curtis Clark. The couple later divorced and Clark married Odell Clark in 1937. ","In 1933 he became the Broward County Sheriff and served five terms until 1950. Walter Clark's career as sheriff is most noted by the lynching of African American field worker Reuben Stacey in 1935. Reuben Stacey was accused of attacking a white woman and was lynched while being transferred from the Broward County Courthouse to the Dade County jail. A grand jury investigated the lynching on July 23, 1935. The sheriff and his deputies in charge of the transfer were absolved of all wrongdoing in the crime.","Clark's time as Sheriff was also shaped by an incident in his first year in office that resulted in the Supreme Court Case Chambers v. Florida. It is clear from the evidence of both the State and four accused men that from May 14 to May 20, 1933 Sheriff Walter R. Clark other police officers subjected forty \"negro suspects\" of a murder to intense and random questioning. On May 20th, four of the suspects \"broke\" and confessed to the murder. Chambers, Davis, Williamson and Woodward were sentenced by an all-white jury to death by electric chair. S.D. McGill took up their defense case, and the legal battle to free them dragged on for years.  On February 12, 1940, Justice Thurgood Marshall and the Supreme Court overturned the four men's convictions. In 1942, after 9 years of imprisonment, the four men were declared not guilty and released. Chambers vs. Florida was a landmark case in the US Supreme Court that set the precedent that police pressure, mental torture, and threats of violence violates the Due Process Clause.","Walter Clark was also accused of compliance in multiple illegal gambling institutions. In 1950, Senator Estes Kefauver and his committee began an investigation of Sheriff Clark and his connection to illegal gambling in Broward County. Kefauver exposed Clark's involvement in the Broward Novelty Company which alledgedly owned slot machines and ran an illegal lottery. However, at the end of the trial, Clark was found not guilty on all counts. ","Walter Clark died of leukemia on April 26, 1951.","This collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as aquisitions to the collection.","The Walter R. Clark collection contains correspondence, photographs, a scrapbook, and a framed collection of badges related to the professional and personal life of Walter Reed Clark, the Sheriff of Broward County from 1933 to 1950.","A framed collection of Clark's badges is stored separately. An oversize photograph of Robert Clark is in an oversize photographs box."," Broward County Historical Archives","Broward County (Fla.). Sheriff's Office","English"],"unitid_tesim":["BCHA.1975.18","/repositories/4/resources/15"],"normalized_date_ssm":["Circa 1892-1949"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Walter R. Clark Collection, Circa 1892-1949"],"collection_title_tesim":["Walter R. Clark Collection, Circa 1892-1949"],"collection_ssim":["Walter R. Clark Collection, Circa 1892-1949"],"repository_ssm":["Broward County Historical Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Broward County Historical Archives"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Frank Clark donated the materials to the Broward County Historical Commission in 1975 (Accession BCHA-1975.18)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Photographs","scrapbooks"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Photographs","scrapbooks"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 Hollinger Box","1 Half Hollinger Box","1 Objects"],"extent_tesim":["1 Hollinger Box","1 Half Hollinger Box","1 Objects"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs","scrapbooks"],"date_range_isim":[1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Walter R. Collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The Walter R. Collection is open for research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://digitalarchives.broward.org/digital/collection/p16146coll18\"\u003eThe Walter R. Clark Collection is digitized and available on the Broward County Library Digital Archives\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Digitized Materials"],"altformavail_tesim":["The Walter R. Clark Collection is digitized and available on the Broward County Library Digital Archives ."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Walter R. Clark Collection is arranged into four series: \n\u003cP\u003eI. Correspondence\u003c/P\u003e\n\u003cP\u003eII. Photographs\u003c/P\u003e\n\u003cP\u003eIII. Scrapbook\u003c/P\u003e\n\u003cP\u003eIV. Framed collection of badges\u003c/P\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Walter R. Clark Collection is arranged into four series: \n I. Correspondence II. Photographs III. Scrapbook IV. Framed collection of badges"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWalter Reed Clark was born on December 11, 1904 in Fort Lauderdale, Florida to farmers James Clark and Annie Miller Clark. He was the eldest of four sons. As a young adult, Clark was a butcher in a meat market before running for Broward County Sheriff in 1932. \nIn 1926, Clark married Avis Mae Mull and together they had a son named Curtis Clark. The couple later divorced and Clark married Odell Clark in 1937. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1933 he became the Broward County Sheriff and served five terms until 1950. Walter Clark's career as sheriff is most noted by the lynching of African American field worker Reuben Stacey in 1935. Reuben Stacey was accused of attacking a white woman and was lynched while being transferred from the Broward County Courthouse to the Dade County jail. A grand jury investigated the lynching on July 23, 1935. The sheriff and his deputies in charge of the transfer were absolved of all wrongdoing in the crime.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark's time as Sheriff was also shaped by an incident in his first year in office that resulted in the Supreme Court Case Chambers v. Florida. It is clear from the evidence of both the State and four accused men that from May 14 to May 20, 1933 Sheriff Walter R. Clark other police officers subjected forty \"negro suspects\" of a murder to intense and random questioning. On May 20th, four of the suspects \"broke\" and confessed to the murder. Chambers, Davis, Williamson and Woodward were sentenced by an all-white jury to death by electric chair. S.D. McGill took up their defense case, and the legal battle to free them dragged on for years.  On February 12, 1940, Justice Thurgood Marshall and the Supreme Court overturned the four men's convictions. In 1942, after 9 years of imprisonment, the four men were declared not guilty and released. Chambers vs. Florida was a landmark case in the US Supreme Court that set the precedent that police pressure, mental torture, and threats of violence violates the Due Process Clause.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWalter Clark was also accused of compliance in multiple illegal gambling institutions. In 1950, Senator Estes Kefauver and his committee began an investigation of Sheriff Clark and his connection to illegal gambling in Broward County. Kefauver exposed Clark's involvement in the Broward Novelty Company which alledgedly owned slot machines and ran an illegal lottery. However, at the end of the trial, Clark was found not guilty on all counts. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWalter Clark died of leukemia on April 26, 1951.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Walter Reed Clark was born on December 11, 1904 in Fort Lauderdale, Florida to farmers James Clark and Annie Miller Clark. He was the eldest of four sons. As a young adult, Clark was a butcher in a meat market before running for Broward County Sheriff in 1932. \nIn 1926, Clark married Avis Mae Mull and together they had a son named Curtis Clark. The couple later divorced and Clark married Odell Clark in 1937. ","In 1933 he became the Broward County Sheriff and served five terms until 1950. Walter Clark's career as sheriff is most noted by the lynching of African American field worker Reuben Stacey in 1935. Reuben Stacey was accused of attacking a white woman and was lynched while being transferred from the Broward County Courthouse to the Dade County jail. A grand jury investigated the lynching on July 23, 1935. The sheriff and his deputies in charge of the transfer were absolved of all wrongdoing in the crime.","Clark's time as Sheriff was also shaped by an incident in his first year in office that resulted in the Supreme Court Case Chambers v. Florida. It is clear from the evidence of both the State and four accused men that from May 14 to May 20, 1933 Sheriff Walter R. Clark other police officers subjected forty \"negro suspects\" of a murder to intense and random questioning. On May 20th, four of the suspects \"broke\" and confessed to the murder. Chambers, Davis, Williamson and Woodward were sentenced by an all-white jury to death by electric chair. S.D. McGill took up their defense case, and the legal battle to free them dragged on for years.  On February 12, 1940, Justice Thurgood Marshall and the Supreme Court overturned the four men's convictions. In 1942, after 9 years of imprisonment, the four men were declared not guilty and released. Chambers vs. Florida was a landmark case in the US Supreme Court that set the precedent that police pressure, mental torture, and threats of violence violates the Due Process Clause.","Walter Clark was also accused of compliance in multiple illegal gambling institutions. In 1950, Senator Estes Kefauver and his committee began an investigation of Sheriff Clark and his connection to illegal gambling in Broward County. Kefauver exposed Clark's involvement in the Broward Novelty Company which alledgedly owned slot machines and ran an illegal lottery. However, at the end of the trial, Clark was found not guilty on all counts. ","Walter Clark died of leukemia on April 26, 1951."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWalter R. Clark Collection, Broward County Historical Archives, Broward County Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Walter R. Clark Collection, Broward County Historical Archives, Broward County Library."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as aquisitions to the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as aquisitions to the collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Walter R. Clark collection contains correspondence, photographs, a scrapbook, and a framed collection of badges related to the professional and personal life of Walter Reed Clark, the Sheriff of Broward County from 1933 to 1950.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Walter R. Clark collection contains correspondence, photographs, a scrapbook, and a framed collection of badges related to the professional and personal life of Walter Reed Clark, the Sheriff of Broward County from 1933 to 1950."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA framed collection of Clark's badges is stored separately. An oversize photograph of Robert Clark is in an oversize photographs box.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["A framed collection of Clark's badges is stored separately. An oversize photograph of Robert Clark is in an oversize photographs box."],"names_coll_ssim":["Broward County (Fla.). Sheriff's Office"],"names_ssim":[" Broward County Historical Archives","Broward County (Fla.). Sheriff's Office"],"corpname_ssim":[" Broward County Historical Archives","Broward County (Fla.). Sheriff's Office"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":13,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"75b92a4cc3579be1cf6d672a","timestamp":"2026-07-09T01:50:38.982Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/75b92a4cc3579be1cf6d672a_aspace_ae23b87e739ffa0fdb92ee3ccdda536b"}},{"id":"df5d63767f8d426296345c80_aspace_211166","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Personal Photographs of Philip Sperling and Family, 1915-1994","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/df5d63767f8d426296345c80_aspace_211166#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eContains personal photographs (and photocopies) of Philip Sperling and his family. Amy Sperling (donor/daughter of Philip Sperling) appears in some photographs.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/df5d63767f8d426296345c80_aspace_211166#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_211166","ref_ssm":["aspace_211166","aspace_211166"],"id":"df5d63767f8d426296345c80_aspace_211166","title_filing_ssi":"Personal Photographs of Philip Sperling and Family","title_ssm":["Personal Photographs of Philip Sperling and Family"],"title_tesim":["Personal Photographs of Philip Sperling and Family"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1915-1994"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1915-1994"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Personal Photographs of Philip Sperling and Family, 1915-1994"],"text":["Personal Photographs of Philip Sperling and Family, 1915-1994","Philip Sperling collection, 1942-1946, Date acquired: 2017-06-29, Date accessioned: 2017-07-11","Folder 022","/repositories/10/archival_objects/33152","17.0011 - Box 7","folder 022","Contains personal photographs (and photocopies) of Philip Sperling and his family. Amy Sperling (donor/daughter of Philip Sperling) appears in some photographs."],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ids_ssim":["df5d63767f8d426296345c80"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Philip Sperling collection, 1942-1946, Date acquired: 2017-06-29, Date accessioned: 2017-07-11"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Philip Sperling collection, 1942-1946, Date acquired: 2017-06-29, Date accessioned: 2017-07-11"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Folder 022","/repositories/10/archival_objects/33152"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Philip Sperling collection, 1942-1946, Date acquired: 2017-06-29, Date accessioned: 2017-07-11"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":71,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open to all researchers."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"date_range_isim":[1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994],"containers_ssim":["17.0011 - Box 7","folder 022"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eContains personal photographs (and photocopies) of Philip Sperling and his family. Amy Sperling (donor/daughter of Philip Sperling) appears in some photographs.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Contains personal photographs (and photocopies) of Philip Sperling and his family. Amy Sperling (donor/daughter of Philip Sperling) appears in some photographs."],"_nest_path_":"/components#70","_nest_parent_":"df5d63767f8d426296345c80","_root_":"df5d63767f8d426296345c80","_version_":1870857392266149888,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T07:57:24.661Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"df5d63767f8d426296345c80","title_filing_ssi":"Sperling, Philip collection","title_ssm":["Philip Sperling collection"],"title_tesim":["Philip Sperling collection"],"ead_ssi":"df5d63767f8d426296345c80","unitdate_ssm":["1942-1946","Date acquired: 2017-06-29","Date accessioned: 2017-07-11"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1942-1946"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 2017-06-29","Date accessioned: 2017-07-11"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["17.0011","/repositories/10/resources/140"],"text":["17.0011","/repositories/10/resources/140","Philip Sperling collection, 1942-1946, Date acquired: 2017-06-29, Date accessioned: 2017-07-11","Fort Bragg (N.C.)","Fort Dix (N.J.)","Bitche (France)","Bad Cannstatt (Stuttgart, Germany)","Eislingen (Germany)","Fort George G. Meade (Md.)","Southampton (England)","Salzburg (Austria)","New York (State)","New York (N.Y.)","World War, 1939-1945--France","World War, 1939-1945--Germany","World War, 1939-1945--Medical care","Operation Nordwind, 1944-1945","Nagasaki-shi (Japan)--History--Bombardment, 1945","Hiroshima-shi (Japan)--History--Bombardment, 1945","Operation Overlord","Mustard gas","Garand rifle","World War, 1939-1945--Jungle warfare","World War, 1939-1945--England--London","This collection is open to all researchers.","Creator","\tPhilip Sperling was born June 15, 1911, in New York City, NY. Sperling received his major in English Studies at the City College of New York, NY. He worked in New York City as a purchasing agent for A.L. Cahn and Sons, Inc. from 1935 to 1942. On February 16, 1944, Philip married his long-time fiance, Sylvia Rudder.","Sperling entered his military service on June 6, 1942, and began his training at Fort Dix, NJ. Sperling spent some time at Fort George G. Meade and was eventually transferred to Fort Jackson, SC in October of 1942. In 1943, he spent 8 weeks at Fort Jackson training to be a personnel clerk. On December 6, 1943, he arrived in Lebanon, TN for more training. While in Fort Bragg, TN, Sperling trained for conditioning against \"jungle warfare\" in the event of a Japanese attack. On July 7th, he began specialized training against wartime gases. This includes tear gas, chlorine gas, mustard gas, and the like. On July 7, 1944, he began rifle training with the M1 Garand.","On October 6, 1944, the 100th Infantry Division was shipped to Southern France, specifically Bitche, France. He spent his service in Eislingen, Bad Cannstatt, and other areas of Europe. He left the ETO (European Theater of Operations) for the US January 7, 1946, and arrived Jan. 26, 1946. Philip Sperling passed away on January 9, 1997, in New York, New York.","This collection was donated by Amy R. Sperling (daughter of Philip Sperling). The collection was acquired by the Insitute on World War II and the Human Experience on June 29, 2017.","Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022.","Link to a copy of \"Medics of the Century: The History of the 325th Medical Battalion\" ","http://marshallfoundation.org/100th-infantry/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/06/Medics_of_the_Century_The_History_of_the_325th_Medical_Battalion.pdf","*Note: Pages 16 - 22, titled \"Combat Operations,\"  were written by Philip Sperling.","\tThis collection relates to Staff Sergeant Philip Sperling who served with Headquarters Detachment, 325th Medical Battalion, which was assigned to the 100th Infantry Division during World War II. The collections primarily contain letters. Also included in the collection is currency, postcards, newspaper clippings, photographs, artifacts, and souvenirs. The collection also includes his government correspondence before and after his discharge from the Army.","This collection focuses on the events which occurred in the middle to later years of the war. A few select letters contain references to Operation Overlord and one includes an official Army announcement of the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The remainder of the letters make references to the events that occurred in Southern France in 1944 and the events in Europe through the end of the war. Some of these Battles include Operation Nordwind and the Bitche Offensive. Many of these letters focus on his training in the US, but he also sends letters from overseas Europe; specifically France and Germany.","All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.","FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","United States. Army. Infantry Division, 100th","U.S. Army Training Center (Fort Jackson, S.C.)","Army Specialized Training Program (U.S.)","United States. Army. 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Meade (Md.)","Southampton (England)","Salzburg (Austria)","New York (State)","New York (N.Y.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Fort Bragg (N.C.)","Fort Dix (N.J.)","Bitche (France)","Bad Cannstatt (Stuttgart, Germany)","Eislingen (Germany)","Fort George G. Meade (Md.)","Southampton (England)","Salzburg (Austria)","New York (State)","New York (N.Y.)"],"creator_ssm":["Sperling, Philip","Sperling, Amy R."],"creator_ssim":["Sperling, Philip","Sperling, Amy R."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Sperling, Philip","Sperling, Amy R."],"creators_ssim":["Sperling, Philip","Sperling, Amy R."],"places_ssim":["Fort Bragg (N.C.)","Fort Dix (N.J.)","Bitche (France)","Bad Cannstatt (Stuttgart, Germany)","Eislingen (Germany)","Fort George G. Meade (Md.)","Southampton (England)","Salzburg (Austria)","New York (State)","New York (N.Y.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Amy R. Sperling (Daughter of Philip Sperling)","Donation"],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1939-1945--France","World War, 1939-1945--Germany","World War, 1939-1945--Medical care","Operation Nordwind, 1944-1945","Nagasaki-shi (Japan)--History--Bombardment, 1945","Hiroshima-shi (Japan)--History--Bombardment, 1945","Operation Overlord","Mustard gas","Garand rifle","World War, 1939-1945--Jungle warfare","World War, 1939-1945--England--London"],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1939-1945--France","World War, 1939-1945--Germany","World War, 1939-1945--Medical care","Operation Nordwind, 1944-1945","Nagasaki-shi (Japan)--History--Bombardment, 1945","Hiroshima-shi (Japan)--History--Bombardment, 1945","Operation Overlord","Mustard gas","Garand rifle","World War, 1939-1945--Jungle warfare","World War, 1939-1945--England--London"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3.5 Linear Feet 7 half boxes"],"extent_tesim":["3.5 Linear Feet 7 half boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,2017],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to all researchers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to all researchers."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCreator\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["Creator"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\tPhilip Sperling was born June 15, 1911, in New York City, NY. Sperling received his major in English Studies at the City College of New York, NY. He worked in New York City as a purchasing agent for A.L. Cahn and Sons, Inc. from 1935 to 1942. On February 16, 1944, Philip married his long-time fiance, Sylvia Rudder.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSperling entered his military service on June 6, 1942, and began his training at Fort Dix, NJ. Sperling spent some time at Fort George G. Meade and was eventually transferred to Fort Jackson, SC in October of 1942. In 1943, he spent 8 weeks at Fort Jackson training to be a personnel clerk. On December 6, 1943, he arrived in Lebanon, TN for more training. While in Fort Bragg, TN, Sperling trained for conditioning against \"jungle warfare\" in the event of a Japanese attack. On July 7th, he began specialized training against wartime gases. This includes tear gas, chlorine gas, mustard gas, and the like. On July 7, 1944, he began rifle training with the M1 Garand.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOn October 6, 1944, the 100th Infantry Division was shipped to Southern France, specifically Bitche, France. He spent his service in Eislingen, Bad Cannstatt, and other areas of Europe. He left the ETO (European Theater of Operations) for the US January 7, 1946, and arrived Jan. 26, 1946. Philip Sperling passed away on January 9, 1997, in New York, New York.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["\tPhilip Sperling was born June 15, 1911, in New York City, NY. Sperling received his major in English Studies at the City College of New York, NY. He worked in New York City as a purchasing agent for A.L. Cahn and Sons, Inc. from 1935 to 1942. On February 16, 1944, Philip married his long-time fiance, Sylvia Rudder.","Sperling entered his military service on June 6, 1942, and began his training at Fort Dix, NJ. Sperling spent some time at Fort George G. Meade and was eventually transferred to Fort Jackson, SC in October of 1942. In 1943, he spent 8 weeks at Fort Jackson training to be a personnel clerk. On December 6, 1943, he arrived in Lebanon, TN for more training. While in Fort Bragg, TN, Sperling trained for conditioning against \"jungle warfare\" in the event of a Japanese attack. On July 7th, he began specialized training against wartime gases. This includes tear gas, chlorine gas, mustard gas, and the like. On July 7, 1944, he began rifle training with the M1 Garand.","On October 6, 1944, the 100th Infantry Division was shipped to Southern France, specifically Bitche, France. He spent his service in Eislingen, Bad Cannstatt, and other areas of Europe. He left the ETO (European Theater of Operations) for the US January 7, 1946, and arrived Jan. 26, 1946. Philip Sperling passed away on January 9, 1997, in New York, New York."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection was donated by Amy R. Sperling (daughter of Philip Sperling). The collection was acquired by the Insitute on World War II and the Human Experience on June 29, 2017.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTransferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives in July 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History","Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["This collection was donated by Amy R. Sperling (daughter of Philip Sperling). The collection was acquired by the Insitute on World War II and the Human Experience on June 29, 2017.","Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], Philip Sperling collection, Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_17_0011\"\u003ehttp://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_17_0011\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], Philip Sperling collection, Special Collections \u0026 Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida.  http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_17_0011 ."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLink to a copy of \"Medics of the Century: The History of the 325th Medical Battalion\" \u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref href=\"http://marshallfoundation.org/100th-infantry/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/06/Medics_of_the_Century_The_History_of_the_325th_Medical_Battalion.pdf\"\u003ehttp://marshallfoundation.org/100th-infantry/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/06/Medics_of_the_Century_The_History_of_the_325th_Medical_Battalion.pdf\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e*Note: Pages 16 - 22, titled \"Combat Operations,\"\u0026#xA0; were written by Philip Sperling.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Link to a copy of \"Medics of the Century: The History of the 325th Medical Battalion\" ","http://marshallfoundation.org/100th-infantry/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/06/Medics_of_the_Century_The_History_of_the_325th_Medical_Battalion.pdf","*Note: Pages 16 - 22, titled \"Combat Operations,\"  were written by Philip Sperling."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\tThis collection relates to Staff Sergeant Philip Sperling who served with Headquarters Detachment, 325th Medical Battalion, which was assigned to the 100th Infantry Division during World War II. The collections primarily contain letters. Also included in the collection is currency, postcards, newspaper clippings, photographs, artifacts, and souvenirs. The collection also includes his government correspondence before and after his discharge from the Army.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis collection focuses on the events which occurred in the middle to later years of the war. A few select letters contain references to Operation Overlord and one includes an official Army announcement of the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The remainder of the letters make references to the events that occurred in Southern France in 1944 and the events in Europe through the end of the war. Some of these Battles include Operation Nordwind and the Bitche Offensive. Many of these letters focus on his training in the US, but he also sends letters from overseas Europe; specifically France and Germany.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["\tThis collection relates to Staff Sergeant Philip Sperling who served with Headquarters Detachment, 325th Medical Battalion, which was assigned to the 100th Infantry Division during World War II. The collections primarily contain letters. Also included in the collection is currency, postcards, newspaper clippings, photographs, artifacts, and souvenirs. The collection also includes his government correspondence before and after his discharge from the Army.","This collection focuses on the events which occurred in the middle to later years of the war. A few select letters contain references to Operation Overlord and one includes an official Army announcement of the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The remainder of the letters make references to the events that occurred in Southern France in 1944 and the events in Europe through the end of the war. Some of these Battles include Operation Nordwind and the Bitche Offensive. Many of these letters focus on his training in the US, but he also sends letters from overseas Europe; specifically France and Germany."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Army. Infantry Division, 100th","U.S. Army Training Center (Fort Jackson, S.C.)","Army Specialized Training Program (U.S.)","United States. Army. European Theater of Operations","Sperling, Amy R."],"names_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","United States. Army. Infantry Division, 100th","U.S. Army Training Center (Fort Jackson, S.C.)","Army Specialized Training Program (U.S.)","United States. Army. European Theater of Operations","Sperling, Philip","Sperling, Amy R."],"corpname_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","United States. Army. Infantry Division, 100th","U.S. Army Training Center (Fort Jackson, S.C.)","Army Specialized Training Program (U.S.)","United States. Army. European Theater of Operations"],"persname_ssim":["Sperling, Philip","Sperling, Amy R."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":72,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870857392266149888,"_root_":"df5d63767f8d426296345c80","timestamp":"2026-07-16T07:57:24.661Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/df5d63767f8d426296345c80_aspace_211166"}},{"id":"b7498bda986ffa25b8231833_aspace_bb3876a965c662b353305e7fe36cab1c","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Personal: Photos - Rosebelle Scher Palm Beach House, 1925-1943","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/b7498bda986ffa25b8231833_aspace_bb3876a965c662b353305e7fe36cab1c#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_bb3876a965c662b353305e7fe36cab1c","ref_ssm":["aspace_bb3876a965c662b353305e7fe36cab1c","aspace_bb3876a965c662b353305e7fe36cab1c"],"id":"b7498bda986ffa25b8231833_aspace_bb3876a965c662b353305e7fe36cab1c","title_filing_ssi":"Personal: Photos - Rosebelle Scher Palm Beach House","title_ssm":["Personal: Photos - Rosebelle Scher Palm Beach House"],"title_tesim":["Personal: Photos - Rosebelle Scher Palm Beach House"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1925-1943"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1925-1943"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Personal: Photos - Rosebelle Scher Palm Beach House, 1925-1943"],"text":["Personal: Photos - Rosebelle Scher Palm Beach House, 1925-1943","Burnett Roth Collection, 1930-2001","Box 8","Folder 8","/repositories/2/archival_objects/83757","folder 8"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["b7498bda986ffa25b8231833","b7498bda986ffa25b8231833_aspace_32866"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Burnett Roth Collection, 1930-2001","Box 8"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Burnett Roth Collection, 1930-2001","Box 8"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Other level"],"unitid_ssm":["Folder 8","/repositories/2/archival_objects/83757"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Burnett Roth Collection, 1930-2001"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":184,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"date_range_isim":[1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943],"containers_ssim":["folder 8"],"_nest_path_":"/components#7/components#7","_nest_parent_":"b7498bda986ffa25b8231833_aspace_32866","_root_":"b7498bda986ffa25b8231833","timestamp":"2026-04-30T02:02:49.362Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"b7498bda986ffa25b8231833","title_ssm":["Burnett Roth Collection"],"title_tesim":["Burnett Roth Collection"],"ead_ssi":"b7498bda986ffa25b8231833","unitdate_ssm":["1930-2001"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1930-2001"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SPC5025","/repositories/2/resources/27"],"text":["SPC5025","/repositories/2/resources/27","Burnett Roth Collection, 1930-2001","Miami Beach","Jewish - Arab Relations","Jewish Leadership","Jewish Nationalism","Jewish veterans","Civil rights movement - US","civil rights workers","Anti-Defamation League","Jewish Lawyers","The collection is open for research.","Burnett Roth was born June 13, 1912 in Newark, New Jersey (due to the hospital in his family's home of Daytona being closed during the summer). He was raised in Daytona and Orlando, and he graduated from Orlando High School in 1930. In 1934 he graduated from the University of Florida with a degree in law. He subsequently attented the New York University (NYU) School of International Finance. He was briefly employed by the NRA (National Recovery Act of the New Deal) and the Resettlement Administration. He moved to Miami in 1936 to practice law. As one of only a few hundred Jews in the Miami area during the late 1930s, he experienced and witnessed a surge of anti-semitism. He enlisted in the Army in 1942 and had risen to the rank of Master Sergeant at the time of his discharge in 1945. He was stationed at Camp Blanding, Florida for the duration. \nDuring the 1950s Mr. Roth was a member of the Miami Beach City Commission, as well as serving for a period of time as Vice-Mayor. He served as president of the Miami and Miami Beach Districts of the Zionist Organization and its Emergency Council. He was the Florida State Commander of the Jewish War Veterans of the United States; President of the Sholem Lodge of B'nai B'rith, and General Counsel for the Florida Committee for Public Education and Religious Liberty. He also served as president of the United Cerebral Palsy of Dade County. However, while he was a member of many organizations, the bulk of this collection reflects his work with the Anti-Defamation League of B'Nai B'Rith. ","\nThe Anti-Defamation League (ADL) was founded in September 1913 by Sigmund Livingston. Its sole purpose was \"to stop, by appeals to reason and conscience and, if necessary, by appeals to law, the defamation of the Jewish people.\" The ADL is an international nonprofit Jewish organization that has stated that its primary purpose is \"to secure justice and fair treatment to all citizens alike, and to put an end forever to unjust and unfair discrimination against and ridicule of any sect or body of citizens.\" Burnett Roth, who became an active member of the ADL, was a lawyer and activist who resided in South Florida. While practicing law, Roth became an active member in equal rights amongst not just the Jewish community, but African Americans and all races as well. The mentality was all races regardless of background should not be segregated nor discriminated against. He passed away on July 8, 2008 at the age of 96.","Please note that this collection contains materials that may reflect outdated, biased, offensive, and possibly violent views and opinions. In addition, some of the materials may relate to violent or graphic events and are preserved for their historical significance.","This collection contains correspondence, memos, court dockets, news clippings, and meeting notes related to the Anti-defamation League (ADL). Mr. Roth was member of the National Board of Trustees of the B'Nai B'Rith Foundation of the United States; Vice-Chairman of the National Civil Rights Committee; Chairman of the Florida Regional Board of the ADL. His relationship with the ADL began in 1931 and continued through the 1990s. Additionally, this collection contains correspondence, photos, clippings, and ephemera from Burnett Roth's personal life. This includes material related to his education, military service during World War II, his career as an attorney in Miami, business ventures, and political offices. Some material related to his immediate family is included. Of special interest are notes compiled by Mr. Roth for an intended book about the history of Jewry in Florida.","Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general","FIU Special Collections","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SPC5025","/repositories/2/resources/27"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1930-2001"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Burnett Roth Collection, 1930-2001"],"collection_title_tesim":["Burnett Roth Collection, 1930-2001"],"collection_ssim":["Burnett Roth Collection, 1930-2001"],"repository_ssm":["FIU Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Miami Beach"],"geogname_ssim":["Miami Beach"],"places_ssim":["Miami Beach"],"access_terms_ssm":["Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donation"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Jewish - Arab Relations","Jewish Leadership","Jewish Nationalism","Jewish veterans","Civil rights movement - US","civil rights workers","Anti-Defamation League","Jewish Lawyers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Jewish - Arab Relations","Jewish Leadership","Jewish Nationalism","Jewish veterans","Civil rights movement - US","civil rights workers","Anti-Defamation League","Jewish Lawyers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["11 boxes 7 Banker File Boxes\n2 Tall Legal Size Document Cases\n1 Small Flat Box\n1 Large Flat Box"],"extent_tesim":["11 boxes 7 Banker File Boxes\n2 Tall Legal Size Document Cases\n1 Small Flat Box\n1 Large Flat Box"],"date_range_isim":[1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBurnett Roth was born June 13, 1912 in Newark, New Jersey (due to the hospital in his family's home of Daytona being closed during the summer). He was raised in Daytona and Orlando, and he graduated from Orlando High School in 1930. In 1934 he graduated from the University of Florida with a degree in law. He subsequently attented the New York University (NYU) School of International Finance. He was briefly employed by the NRA (National Recovery Act of the New Deal) and the Resettlement Administration. He moved to Miami in 1936 to practice law. As one of only a few hundred Jews in the Miami area during the late 1930s, he experienced and witnessed a surge of anti-semitism. He enlisted in the Army in 1942 and had risen to the rank of Master Sergeant at the time of his discharge in 1945. He was stationed at Camp Blanding, Florida for the duration. \nDuring the 1950s Mr. Roth was a member of the Miami Beach City Commission, as well as serving for a period of time as Vice-Mayor. He served as president of the Miami and Miami Beach Districts of the Zionist Organization and its Emergency Council. He was the Florida State Commander of the Jewish War Veterans of the United States; President of the Sholem Lodge of B'nai B'rith, and General Counsel for the Florida Committee for Public Education and Religious Liberty. He also served as president of the United Cerebral Palsy of Dade County. However, while he was a member of many organizations, the bulk of this collection reflects his work with the Anti-Defamation League of B'Nai B'Rith. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Anti-Defamation League (ADL) was founded in September 1913 by Sigmund Livingston. Its sole purpose was \"to stop, by appeals to reason and conscience and, if necessary, by appeals to law, the defamation of the Jewish people.\" The ADL is an international nonprofit Jewish organization that has stated that its primary purpose is \"to secure justice and fair treatment to all citizens alike, and to put an end forever to unjust and unfair discrimination against and ridicule of any sect or body of citizens.\" Burnett Roth, who became an active member of the ADL, was a lawyer and activist who resided in South Florida. While practicing law, Roth became an active member in equal rights amongst not just the Jewish community, but African Americans and all races as well. The mentality was all races regardless of background should not be segregated nor discriminated against. He passed away on July 8, 2008 at the age of 96.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Burnett Roth was born June 13, 1912 in Newark, New Jersey (due to the hospital in his family's home of Daytona being closed during the summer). He was raised in Daytona and Orlando, and he graduated from Orlando High School in 1930. In 1934 he graduated from the University of Florida with a degree in law. He subsequently attented the New York University (NYU) School of International Finance. He was briefly employed by the NRA (National Recovery Act of the New Deal) and the Resettlement Administration. He moved to Miami in 1936 to practice law. As one of only a few hundred Jews in the Miami area during the late 1930s, he experienced and witnessed a surge of anti-semitism. He enlisted in the Army in 1942 and had risen to the rank of Master Sergeant at the time of his discharge in 1945. He was stationed at Camp Blanding, Florida for the duration. \nDuring the 1950s Mr. Roth was a member of the Miami Beach City Commission, as well as serving for a period of time as Vice-Mayor. He served as president of the Miami and Miami Beach Districts of the Zionist Organization and its Emergency Council. He was the Florida State Commander of the Jewish War Veterans of the United States; President of the Sholem Lodge of B'nai B'rith, and General Counsel for the Florida Committee for Public Education and Religious Liberty. He also served as president of the United Cerebral Palsy of Dade County. However, while he was a member of many organizations, the bulk of this collection reflects his work with the Anti-Defamation League of B'Nai B'Rith. ","\nThe Anti-Defamation League (ADL) was founded in September 1913 by Sigmund Livingston. Its sole purpose was \"to stop, by appeals to reason and conscience and, if necessary, by appeals to law, the defamation of the Jewish people.\" The ADL is an international nonprofit Jewish organization that has stated that its primary purpose is \"to secure justice and fair treatment to all citizens alike, and to put an end forever to unjust and unfair discrimination against and ridicule of any sect or body of citizens.\" Burnett Roth, who became an active member of the ADL, was a lawyer and activist who resided in South Florida. While practicing law, Roth became an active member in equal rights amongst not just the Jewish community, but African Americans and all races as well. The mentality was all races regardless of background should not be segregated nor discriminated against. He passed away on July 8, 2008 at the age of 96."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePlease note that this collection contains materials that may reflect outdated, biased, offensive, and possibly violent views and opinions. In addition, some of the materials may relate to violent or graphic events and are preserved for their historical significance.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Harmful Language Notice"],"odd_tesim":["Please note that this collection contains materials that may reflect outdated, biased, offensive, and possibly violent views and opinions. In addition, some of the materials may relate to violent or graphic events and are preserved for their historical significance."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains correspondence, memos, court dockets, news clippings, and meeting notes related to the Anti-defamation League (ADL). 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