{"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1920\u0026page=142\u0026view=compact","prev":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1920\u0026page=141\u0026view=compact","next":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1920\u0026page=143\u0026view=compact","last":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1920\u0026page=173\u0026view=compact"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":142,"next_page":143,"prev_page":141,"total_pages":173,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":1410,"total_count":1725,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"69df896525793fd984dc5d71_aspace_bd2ad55c439fc26f226ce2b77b1484c7","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Scrapbook, 1919-1920","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/69df896525793fd984dc5d71_aspace_bd2ad55c439fc26f226ce2b77b1484c7#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_bd2ad55c439fc26f226ce2b77b1484c7","ref_ssm":["aspace_bd2ad55c439fc26f226ce2b77b1484c7","aspace_bd2ad55c439fc26f226ce2b77b1484c7"],"id":"69df896525793fd984dc5d71_aspace_bd2ad55c439fc26f226ce2b77b1484c7","title_filing_ssi":"Scrapbook","title_ssm":["Scrapbook"],"title_tesim":["Scrapbook"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1919-1920"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1919-1920"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Scrapbook, 1919-1920"],"text":["Scrapbook, 1919-1920","Jessica Joy Stout Garretson Scrapbook, 1919-1920","/repositories/2/archival_objects/23704","box 1"],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ids_ssim":["69df896525793fd984dc5d71"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Jessica Joy Stout Garretson Scrapbook, 1919-1920"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Jessica Joy Stout Garretson Scrapbook, 1919-1920"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/2/archival_objects/23704"],"repository_ssim":["The Sarah D. and L. 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Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work.\nFIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections. ","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_f7a0b994c99b6770a2303aa33bd8e3db\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Mana-Zucca Collection contains the works, personal papers, photograph albums, scrapbooks, handwritten music and compositions of the American actress, singer, pianist and composer Augusta Zuckerman. 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This collection is comprised of eight series, spanning over 100 boxes is housed in the Special Collections and University Archives Department at Florida International University."],"names_ssim":["FIU Special Collections","Mana-Zucca","Cassel, Leslie"],"corpname_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"names_coll_ssim":["Cassel, Leslie"],"persname_ssim":["Mana-Zucca","Cassel, Leslie"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":795,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1881085616266936320,"_root_":"07e83d7fe9b8feb6c0518c05","timestamp":"2026-11-06T05:30:39.187Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/07e83d7fe9b8feb6c0518c05_aspace_0f899b38347abfcc9e669e4b91bed283"}},{"id":"07e83d7fe9b8feb6c0518c05_aspace_4ee0f179dc119a1f056e63a4eaee466f","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Scrapbook, 1920-1930","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/07e83d7fe9b8feb6c0518c05_aspace_4ee0f179dc119a1f056e63a4eaee466f#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_4ee0f179dc119a1f056e63a4eaee466f","ref_ssm":["aspace_4ee0f179dc119a1f056e63a4eaee466f","aspace_4ee0f179dc119a1f056e63a4eaee466f"],"id":"07e83d7fe9b8feb6c0518c05_aspace_4ee0f179dc119a1f056e63a4eaee466f","title_filing_ssi":"Scrapbook","title_ssm":["Scrapbook"],"title_tesim":["Scrapbook"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1920-1930"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1920-1930"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Scrapbook, 1920-1930"],"text":["Scrapbook, 1920-1930","Mana-Zucca Collection, 1912-1989","Series 1: Graphic Materials","Sub-Series 1: Scrapbooks and Photo Albums","Box 3","/repositories/2/archival_objects/75823","box 3","folder 3","object 3"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["07e83d7fe9b8feb6c0518c05","07e83d7fe9b8feb6c0518c05_aspace_59700","07e83d7fe9b8feb6c0518c05_aspace_5b2c31ce18d8b7c571222785918ce7e8"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Mana-Zucca Collection, 1912-1989","Series 1: Graphic Materials","Sub-Series 1: Scrapbooks and Photo Albums"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Mana-Zucca Collection, 1912-1989","Series 1: Graphic Materials","Sub-Series 1: Scrapbooks and Photo Albums"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Subseries"],"unitid_ssm":["Box 3","/repositories/2/archival_objects/75823"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Mana-Zucca Collection, 1912-1989"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":9,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work.\nFIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections. ","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"date_range_isim":[1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930],"containers_ssim":["box 3","folder 3","object 3"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#0/components#6","_nest_parent_":"07e83d7fe9b8feb6c0518c05_aspace_5b2c31ce18d8b7c571222785918ce7e8","_root_":"07e83d7fe9b8feb6c0518c05","_version_":1881085616266936320,"timestamp":"2026-11-06T05:30:39.187Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"07e83d7fe9b8feb6c0518c05","title_ssm":["Mana-Zucca Collection"],"title_tesim":["Mana-Zucca Collection"],"ead_ssi":"07e83d7fe9b8feb6c0518c05","unitdate_ssm":["1912-1989"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1912-1989"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SPC7005","/repositories/2/resources/69"],"text":["SPC7005","/repositories/2/resources/69","Mana-Zucca Collection, 1912-1989","The collection is open for research.","Manna-Zucca, whose birth name was Gizella Zuccamanof, was born on December 25, 1885, in New York City, United States. The daughter of Polish immigrants, she possessed an early aptitude for the piano, and was quickly recognized as a child prodigy. As early as age seven, she began learning proficient use of the piano at the New York College of Music by pianist Alexander Lambert. At age eight, she made her piano debut at the New York Symphony Orchestra. Early on, she studied and toured Europe with such composers as Leopold Godowsky, Ferruccio Busoni, and Herman Spielter. Throughout her career, she composed 366 piano pieces entitled \"My Musical Calendar.\" The University of Miami awarded Manna-Zucca with an honorary doctorate degree in Music on May 19, 1974. She passed away in her home in Miami, Florida, on March 11, 1981.","The Mana-Zucca Collection contains the works, personal papers, photograph albums, scrapbooks, handwritten music and compositions of the American actress, singer, pianist and composer Augusta Zuckerman. She was a child prodigy who began composing at an early age and traveled the world, first performing the works of famous composers and later writing her own musical compositions. This collection is comprised of eight series, spanning over 100 boxes is housed in the Special Collections and University Archives Department at Florida International University.","Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work.\nFIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections. ","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general","The Mana-Zucca Collection contains the works, personal papers, photograph albums, scrapbooks, handwritten music and compositions of the American actress, singer, pianist and composer Augusta Zuckerman. This collection is comprised of eight series, spanning over 100 boxes is housed in the Special Collections and University Archives Department at Florida International University.","FIU Special Collections","Mana-Zucca","Cassel, Leslie","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SPC7005","/repositories/2/resources/69"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1912-1989"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Mana-Zucca Collection, 1912-1989"],"collection_title_tesim":["Mana-Zucca Collection, 1912-1989"],"collection_ssim":["Mana-Zucca Collection, 1912-1989"],"repository_ssm":["FIU Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"creator_ssm":["Mana-Zucca","Cassel, Leslie"],"creator_ssim":["Mana-Zucca","Cassel, Leslie"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Mana-Zucca","Cassel, Leslie"],"creators_ssim":["Mana-Zucca","Cassel, Leslie"],"access_terms_ssm":["Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work.\nFIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections. ","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donation"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["102 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["102 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions of Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManna-Zucca, whose birth name was Gizella Zuccamanof, was born on December 25, 1885, in New York City, United States. The daughter of Polish immigrants, she possessed an early aptitude for the piano, and was quickly recognized as a child prodigy. As early as age seven, she began learning proficient use of the piano at the New York College of Music by pianist Alexander Lambert. At age eight, she made her piano debut at the New York Symphony Orchestra. Early on, she studied and toured Europe with such composers as Leopold Godowsky, Ferruccio Busoni, and Herman Spielter. Throughout her career, she composed 366 piano pieces entitled \"My Musical Calendar.\" The University of Miami awarded Manna-Zucca with an honorary doctorate degree in Music on May 19, 1974. She passed away in her home in Miami, Florida, on March 11, 1981.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Manna-Zucca, whose birth name was Gizella Zuccamanof, was born on December 25, 1885, in New York City, United States. The daughter of Polish immigrants, she possessed an early aptitude for the piano, and was quickly recognized as a child prodigy. As early as age seven, she began learning proficient use of the piano at the New York College of Music by pianist Alexander Lambert. At age eight, she made her piano debut at the New York Symphony Orchestra. Early on, she studied and toured Europe with such composers as Leopold Godowsky, Ferruccio Busoni, and Herman Spielter. Throughout her career, she composed 366 piano pieces entitled \"My Musical Calendar.\" The University of Miami awarded Manna-Zucca with an honorary doctorate degree in Music on May 19, 1974. She passed away in her home in Miami, Florida, on March 11, 1981."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Mana-Zucca Collection contains the works, personal papers, photograph albums, scrapbooks, handwritten music and compositions of the American actress, singer, pianist and composer Augusta Zuckerman. She was a child prodigy who began composing at an early age and traveled the world, first performing the works of famous composers and later writing her own musical compositions. This collection is comprised of eight series, spanning over 100 boxes is housed in the Special Collections and University Archives Department at Florida International University.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Mana-Zucca Collection contains the works, personal papers, photograph albums, scrapbooks, handwritten music and compositions of the American actress, singer, pianist and composer Augusta Zuckerman. She was a child prodigy who began composing at an early age and traveled the world, first performing the works of famous composers and later writing her own musical compositions. This collection is comprised of eight series, spanning over 100 boxes is housed in the Special Collections and University Archives Department at Florida International University."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections \u0026amp; University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work.\nFIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work.\nFIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections. ","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_f7a0b994c99b6770a2303aa33bd8e3db\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Mana-Zucca Collection contains the works, personal papers, photograph albums, scrapbooks, handwritten music and compositions of the American actress, singer, pianist and composer Augusta Zuckerman. This collection is comprised of eight series, spanning over 100 boxes is housed in the Special Collections and University Archives Department at Florida International University.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Mana-Zucca Collection contains the works, personal papers, photograph albums, scrapbooks, handwritten music and compositions of the American actress, singer, pianist and composer Augusta Zuckerman. This collection is comprised of eight series, spanning over 100 boxes is housed in the Special Collections and University Archives Department at Florida International University."],"names_ssim":["FIU Special Collections","Mana-Zucca","Cassel, Leslie"],"corpname_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"names_coll_ssim":["Cassel, Leslie"],"persname_ssim":["Mana-Zucca","Cassel, Leslie"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":795,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1881085616266936320,"_root_":"07e83d7fe9b8feb6c0518c05","timestamp":"2026-11-06T05:30:39.187Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/07e83d7fe9b8feb6c0518c05_aspace_4ee0f179dc119a1f056e63a4eaee466f"}},{"id":"75b92a4cc3579be1cf6d672a_aspace_b631873b0f55b53cc7d675daf67534ff","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Scrapbook, Circa 1920-1940","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/75b92a4cc3579be1cf6d672a_aspace_b631873b0f55b53cc7d675daf67534ff#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eThe scrapbook contains clippings, photographs and ephemera. Many of the clippings are related to the 1933 arrest of the \"Pompano Four\" that resulted in the 1940 Supreme Court case Chambers V. Florida. Other emphemera includes campaign flyers, newspaper clippings about Clark, and clippings related to the lynching of Rubin Stacy.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/75b92a4cc3579be1cf6d672a_aspace_b631873b0f55b53cc7d675daf67534ff#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_b631873b0f55b53cc7d675daf67534ff","ref_ssm":["aspace_b631873b0f55b53cc7d675daf67534ff","aspace_b631873b0f55b53cc7d675daf67534ff"],"id":"75b92a4cc3579be1cf6d672a_aspace_b631873b0f55b53cc7d675daf67534ff","title_filing_ssi":"Scrapbook","title_ssm":["Scrapbook"],"title_tesim":["Scrapbook"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Circa 1920-1940"],"normalized_date_ssm":["Circa 1920-1940"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Scrapbook, Circa 1920-1940"],"text":["Scrapbook, Circa 1920-1940","Walter R. Clark Collection, Circa 1892-1949","/repositories/4/archival_objects/1360","Chambers v. Florida, 309 U.S. 227 (1940)","box 2","folder 12","The scrapbook contains clippings, photographs and ephemera. Many of the clippings are related to the 1933 arrest of the \"Pompano Four\" that resulted in the 1940 Supreme Court case Chambers V. Florida. Other emphemera includes campaign flyers, newspaper clippings about Clark, and clippings related to the lynching of Rubin Stacy."],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ids_ssim":["75b92a4cc3579be1cf6d672a"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Walter R. Clark Collection, Circa 1892-1949"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Walter R. Clark Collection, Circa 1892-1949"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/4/archival_objects/1360"],"repository_ssim":["Broward County Historical Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Walter R. Clark Collection, Circa 1892-1949"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":12,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The Walter R. Collection is open for research."],"date_range_isim":[1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940],"access_subjects_ssim":["Chambers v. Florida, 309 U.S. 227 (1940)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Chambers v. Florida, 309 U.S. 227 (1940)"],"containers_ssim":["box 2","folder 12"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe scrapbook contains clippings, photographs and ephemera. Many of the clippings are related to the 1933 arrest of the \"Pompano Four\" that resulted in the 1940 Supreme Court case Chambers V. Florida. Other emphemera includes campaign flyers, newspaper clippings about Clark, and clippings related to the lynching of Rubin Stacy.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The scrapbook contains clippings, photographs and ephemera. Many of the clippings are related to the 1933 arrest of the \"Pompano Four\" that resulted in the 1940 Supreme Court case Chambers V. Florida. Other emphemera includes campaign flyers, newspaper clippings about Clark, and clippings related to the lynching of Rubin Stacy."],"_nest_path_":"/components#2","_nest_parent_":"75b92a4cc3579be1cf6d672a","_root_":"75b92a4cc3579be1cf6d672a","timestamp":"2026-07-09T01:50:38.982Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"75b92a4cc3579be1cf6d672a","title_filing_ssi":"Clark, Walter R. Collection","title_ssm":["Walter R. Clark Collection"],"title_tesim":["Walter R. Clark Collection"],"ead_ssi":"75b92a4cc3579be1cf6d672a","unitdate_ssm":["Circa 1892-1949"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Circa 1892-1949"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["BCHA.1975.18","/repositories/4/resources/15"],"text":["BCHA.1975.18","/repositories/4/resources/15","Walter R. Clark Collection, Circa 1892-1949","Photographs","scrapbooks","The Walter R. Collection is open for research.","The Walter R. Clark Collection is digitized and available on the Broward County Library Digital Archives .","The Walter R. Clark Collection is arranged into four series: \n I. Correspondence II. Photographs III. Scrapbook IV. Framed collection of badges","Walter Reed Clark was born on December 11, 1904 in Fort Lauderdale, Florida to farmers James Clark and Annie Miller Clark. He was the eldest of four sons. As a young adult, Clark was a butcher in a meat market before running for Broward County Sheriff in 1932. \nIn 1926, Clark married Avis Mae Mull and together they had a son named Curtis Clark. The couple later divorced and Clark married Odell Clark in 1937. ","In 1933 he became the Broward County Sheriff and served five terms until 1950. Walter Clark's career as sheriff is most noted by the lynching of African American field worker Reuben Stacey in 1935. Reuben Stacey was accused of attacking a white woman and was lynched while being transferred from the Broward County Courthouse to the Dade County jail. A grand jury investigated the lynching on July 23, 1935. The sheriff and his deputies in charge of the transfer were absolved of all wrongdoing in the crime.","Clark's time as Sheriff was also shaped by an incident in his first year in office that resulted in the Supreme Court Case Chambers v. Florida. It is clear from the evidence of both the State and four accused men that from May 14 to May 20, 1933 Sheriff Walter R. Clark other police officers subjected forty \"negro suspects\" of a murder to intense and random questioning. On May 20th, four of the suspects \"broke\" and confessed to the murder. Chambers, Davis, Williamson and Woodward were sentenced by an all-white jury to death by electric chair. S.D. McGill took up their defense case, and the legal battle to free them dragged on for years.  On February 12, 1940, Justice Thurgood Marshall and the Supreme Court overturned the four men's convictions. In 1942, after 9 years of imprisonment, the four men were declared not guilty and released. Chambers vs. Florida was a landmark case in the US Supreme Court that set the precedent that police pressure, mental torture, and threats of violence violates the Due Process Clause.","Walter Clark was also accused of compliance in multiple illegal gambling institutions. In 1950, Senator Estes Kefauver and his committee began an investigation of Sheriff Clark and his connection to illegal gambling in Broward County. Kefauver exposed Clark's involvement in the Broward Novelty Company which alledgedly owned slot machines and ran an illegal lottery. However, at the end of the trial, Clark was found not guilty on all counts. ","Walter Clark died of leukemia on April 26, 1951.","This collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as aquisitions to the collection.","The Walter R. Clark collection contains correspondence, photographs, a scrapbook, and a framed collection of badges related to the professional and personal life of Walter Reed Clark, the Sheriff of Broward County from 1933 to 1950.","A framed collection of Clark's badges is stored separately. An oversize photograph of Robert Clark is in an oversize photographs box."," Broward County Historical Archives","Broward County (Fla.). Sheriff's Office","English"],"unitid_tesim":["BCHA.1975.18","/repositories/4/resources/15"],"normalized_date_ssm":["Circa 1892-1949"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Walter R. Clark Collection, Circa 1892-1949"],"collection_title_tesim":["Walter R. Clark Collection, Circa 1892-1949"],"collection_ssim":["Walter R. Clark Collection, Circa 1892-1949"],"repository_ssm":["Broward County Historical Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Broward County Historical Archives"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Frank Clark donated the materials to the Broward County Historical Commission in 1975 (Accession BCHA-1975.18)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Photographs","scrapbooks"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Photographs","scrapbooks"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 Hollinger Box","1 Half Hollinger Box","1 Objects"],"extent_tesim":["1 Hollinger Box","1 Half Hollinger Box","1 Objects"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs","scrapbooks"],"date_range_isim":[1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Walter R. Collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The Walter R. Collection is open for research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://digitalarchives.broward.org/digital/collection/p16146coll18\"\u003eThe Walter R. Clark Collection is digitized and available on the Broward County Library Digital Archives\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Digitized Materials"],"altformavail_tesim":["The Walter R. Clark Collection is digitized and available on the Broward County Library Digital Archives ."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Walter R. Clark Collection is arranged into four series: \n\u003cP\u003eI. Correspondence\u003c/P\u003e\n\u003cP\u003eII. Photographs\u003c/P\u003e\n\u003cP\u003eIII. Scrapbook\u003c/P\u003e\n\u003cP\u003eIV. Framed collection of badges\u003c/P\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Walter R. Clark Collection is arranged into four series: \n I. Correspondence II. Photographs III. Scrapbook IV. Framed collection of badges"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWalter Reed Clark was born on December 11, 1904 in Fort Lauderdale, Florida to farmers James Clark and Annie Miller Clark. He was the eldest of four sons. As a young adult, Clark was a butcher in a meat market before running for Broward County Sheriff in 1932. \nIn 1926, Clark married Avis Mae Mull and together they had a son named Curtis Clark. The couple later divorced and Clark married Odell Clark in 1937. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1933 he became the Broward County Sheriff and served five terms until 1950. Walter Clark's career as sheriff is most noted by the lynching of African American field worker Reuben Stacey in 1935. Reuben Stacey was accused of attacking a white woman and was lynched while being transferred from the Broward County Courthouse to the Dade County jail. A grand jury investigated the lynching on July 23, 1935. The sheriff and his deputies in charge of the transfer were absolved of all wrongdoing in the crime.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark's time as Sheriff was also shaped by an incident in his first year in office that resulted in the Supreme Court Case Chambers v. Florida. It is clear from the evidence of both the State and four accused men that from May 14 to May 20, 1933 Sheriff Walter R. Clark other police officers subjected forty \"negro suspects\" of a murder to intense and random questioning. On May 20th, four of the suspects \"broke\" and confessed to the murder. Chambers, Davis, Williamson and Woodward were sentenced by an all-white jury to death by electric chair. S.D. McGill took up their defense case, and the legal battle to free them dragged on for years.  On February 12, 1940, Justice Thurgood Marshall and the Supreme Court overturned the four men's convictions. In 1942, after 9 years of imprisonment, the four men were declared not guilty and released. Chambers vs. Florida was a landmark case in the US Supreme Court that set the precedent that police pressure, mental torture, and threats of violence violates the Due Process Clause.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWalter Clark was also accused of compliance in multiple illegal gambling institutions. In 1950, Senator Estes Kefauver and his committee began an investigation of Sheriff Clark and his connection to illegal gambling in Broward County. Kefauver exposed Clark's involvement in the Broward Novelty Company which alledgedly owned slot machines and ran an illegal lottery. However, at the end of the trial, Clark was found not guilty on all counts. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWalter Clark died of leukemia on April 26, 1951.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Walter Reed Clark was born on December 11, 1904 in Fort Lauderdale, Florida to farmers James Clark and Annie Miller Clark. He was the eldest of four sons. As a young adult, Clark was a butcher in a meat market before running for Broward County Sheriff in 1932. \nIn 1926, Clark married Avis Mae Mull and together they had a son named Curtis Clark. The couple later divorced and Clark married Odell Clark in 1937. ","In 1933 he became the Broward County Sheriff and served five terms until 1950. Walter Clark's career as sheriff is most noted by the lynching of African American field worker Reuben Stacey in 1935. Reuben Stacey was accused of attacking a white woman and was lynched while being transferred from the Broward County Courthouse to the Dade County jail. A grand jury investigated the lynching on July 23, 1935. The sheriff and his deputies in charge of the transfer were absolved of all wrongdoing in the crime.","Clark's time as Sheriff was also shaped by an incident in his first year in office that resulted in the Supreme Court Case Chambers v. Florida. It is clear from the evidence of both the State and four accused men that from May 14 to May 20, 1933 Sheriff Walter R. Clark other police officers subjected forty \"negro suspects\" of a murder to intense and random questioning. On May 20th, four of the suspects \"broke\" and confessed to the murder. Chambers, Davis, Williamson and Woodward were sentenced by an all-white jury to death by electric chair. S.D. McGill took up their defense case, and the legal battle to free them dragged on for years.  On February 12, 1940, Justice Thurgood Marshall and the Supreme Court overturned the four men's convictions. In 1942, after 9 years of imprisonment, the four men were declared not guilty and released. Chambers vs. Florida was a landmark case in the US Supreme Court that set the precedent that police pressure, mental torture, and threats of violence violates the Due Process Clause.","Walter Clark was also accused of compliance in multiple illegal gambling institutions. In 1950, Senator Estes Kefauver and his committee began an investigation of Sheriff Clark and his connection to illegal gambling in Broward County. Kefauver exposed Clark's involvement in the Broward Novelty Company which alledgedly owned slot machines and ran an illegal lottery. However, at the end of the trial, Clark was found not guilty on all counts. ","Walter Clark died of leukemia on April 26, 1951."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWalter R. Clark Collection, Broward County Historical Archives, Broward County Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Walter R. Clark Collection, Broward County Historical Archives, Broward County Library."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as aquisitions to the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as aquisitions to the collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Walter R. Clark collection contains correspondence, photographs, a scrapbook, and a framed collection of badges related to the professional and personal life of Walter Reed Clark, the Sheriff of Broward County from 1933 to 1950.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Walter R. Clark collection contains correspondence, photographs, a scrapbook, and a framed collection of badges related to the professional and personal life of Walter Reed Clark, the Sheriff of Broward County from 1933 to 1950."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA framed collection of Clark's badges is stored separately. An oversize photograph of Robert Clark is in an oversize photographs box.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["A framed collection of Clark's badges is stored separately. An oversize photograph of Robert Clark is in an oversize photographs box."],"names_coll_ssim":["Broward County (Fla.). Sheriff's Office"],"names_ssim":[" Broward County Historical Archives","Broward County (Fla.). Sheriff's Office"],"corpname_ssim":[" Broward County Historical Archives","Broward County (Fla.). Sheriff's Office"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":13,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"75b92a4cc3579be1cf6d672a","timestamp":"2026-07-09T01:50:38.982Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/75b92a4cc3579be1cf6d672a_aspace_b631873b0f55b53cc7d675daf67534ff"}},{"id":"a4845bfaa07fb1a2508d4004_aspace_70dea7e8b8bfc8c5fa0f097dad51e784","type":"Box","attributes":{"title":"Scrapbooks, 1914-1936","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/a4845bfaa07fb1a2508d4004_aspace_70dea7e8b8bfc8c5fa0f097dad51e784#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_70dea7e8b8bfc8c5fa0f097dad51e784","ref_ssm":["aspace_70dea7e8b8bfc8c5fa0f097dad51e784","aspace_70dea7e8b8bfc8c5fa0f097dad51e784"],"id":"a4845bfaa07fb1a2508d4004_aspace_70dea7e8b8bfc8c5fa0f097dad51e784","title_filing_ssi":"Scrapbooks","title_ssm":["Scrapbooks"],"title_tesim":["Scrapbooks"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1914-1936"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1914-1936"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Scrapbooks, 1914-1936"],"text":["Scrapbooks, 1914-1936","Willie Lowry papers, 1873-1946","Scrapbooks","Box 21","/repositories/2/archival_objects/214373","box 21"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["a4845bfaa07fb1a2508d4004","a4845bfaa07fb1a2508d4004_aspace_ea352100cc8c1a1f04b22a0c803542c5"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Willie Lowry papers, 1873-1946","Scrapbooks"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Willie Lowry papers, 1873-1946","Scrapbooks"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"unitid_ssm":["Box 21","/repositories/2/archival_objects/214373"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Willie Lowry papers, 1873-1946"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":2,"level_ssm":["Box"],"level_ssim":["Box"],"sort_isi":260,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["At the donor's request, the collection was previously closed until January 2015. There are no other restrictions on the use of the collection."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["None. The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information."],"date_range_isim":[1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936],"containers_ssim":["box 21"],"_nest_path_":"/components#4/components#4","_nest_parent_":"a4845bfaa07fb1a2508d4004_aspace_ea352100cc8c1a1f04b22a0c803542c5","_root_":"a4845bfaa07fb1a2508d4004","_version_":1875301641343729664,"timestamp":"2026-09-03T09:16:50.862Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"a4845bfaa07fb1a2508d4004","title_filing_ssi":"Willie Lowry papers","title_ssm":["Willie Lowry papers"],"title_tesim":["Willie Lowry papers"],"ead_ssi":"a4845bfaa07fb1a2508d4004","unitdate_ssm":["1873-1946"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1873-1946"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.1989.06","/repositories/2/resources/753"],"text":["MS.1989.06","/repositories/2/resources/753","Willie Lowry papers, 1873-1946","Tampa Bay Region (Fla.) -- History","South Carolina","Palatka (Fla.)","Tampa (Fla.) -- Social life and customs","Military","At the donor's request, the collection was previously closed until January 2015. There are no other restrictions on the use of the collection.","Willie Miller Lowry was born in Raleigh, North Carolina on July 15, 1862. She was the daughter of Dr. William Robards Miller and Mary Frances Britton. Orphaned at an early eage, Willie moved to Rock Hill, South Carolina to live with her married sister, Mrs. Isabella Wilson. She attended Salem Female Academy where she learned secretarial skills. After graduation, she worked as a secretary for various employers such as the Chairman of the Democratice Party in 1888 and the Peace Institute in 1889 as an instructor of typing and shorthand. ","Willie Miller met Sumter Lowry in Rock Hill, South Carolina in 1885. Sumter Lowry was a native of York, South Carolina who was born on February 26, 1861. He attended Kings Mountain Military Academy and, then, the Medical and Pharmaceutical College in Charleston, South Carolina. Lowry moved to Palatka, Florida in 1886 to manage their Florida store while Starr handled their South Carolina business. Willie and Sumter corresponded regularly while he was working in Palatka.","They were married on December 18, 1890, first settling in Palatka, then St. Augustine and finally, in late 1894, Tampa where they built a home on Plant Avenue and had five children: Willie Louise, Sumter, Jr., Blackburn, Loper, and Isabella. Prior to the Lowry's move to Tampa, Sumter had decided to leave the pharmacy business and embark on a career as an insurance agent thorugh the help of his friend, G. Loper Bailey who he had met in Palatka. Sumter frequently traveled as an insurance agent, but reguarly corresponded with his wife. ","Although she enjoyed being a wife and mother, Willie strongely believed in the importance of being active in the community. Willie founded or was active in numerous civic and social activities and, participated in many state and national issues such as the women's suffrage movement, Tampa's Woman's Club, and Tampa's Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA). In 1900 she wrote a letter to Andrew Carnegie and secured $50,000 to establish a local public library.","Willie Lowry was deeply interested in the welfare of young people. She participated in the first kindergarten movement and formation of the first kindergarten association in Tampa. In 1916, she start what was the first Girl Scout troop to be formed in the South after Juliet Lowe had established the organization and served as their first counselor. She also founded two clubs to help her children become more socially and culturally active: the \"Would-Be-Goods\" in 1901 for young girls and the \"Merry Makers\" in 1913 for her son, Loper and his friends. The latter club still exists as an exclusive men's club.","When the United States became invovled in World War I, Willie Lowry volunteered her time to the Red Cross. As a Red Cross volunteer, she held several important chairmanships and helped raise thousands of dollars for supplies and training. In 1928, she was decorated by King Alfonso XIII of Spain with the \"Royal Order of the Lace Isabella Cathlica\" in recognition of her efforts in promoting the role of Spain in the settlement and history of early America, especially, Florida. ","Willie Lowry continued to be active in the community but failing health limited her involvement. She passed away on August 14, 1936.","References:","Dillon, P. (1999). Clubwomen and Civic Activism: Willie Lowry and Tampa's Club Movement. The Florida Historical Quarterly, 77(4), 429–444. http://www.jstor.org/stable/30150827","Mrs. W. L. Lowry, Pioneer Tampa Woman, Is Dead\". Tampa Times. Tampa, FL. August 15, 1946. p. 2 – via Newspapers.com.","Sumter Lowry papers, USF Libraries – Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.","The Willie Lowry papers have been arranged by the type of materials found in the collection and organized into series. A large portion of the collection is correspondence to and from Willie to Sumter Lowry. The bulk of the material in the collection falls within the period of the 1880s and 1920s with no significant gaps in the documentation.  ","The collection contains a significant volume of information on Tampa Bay and other regions in Florida. Further, a substantial portion of the material is intrinsically significant in that it contains items which are believed to be the only ones in existence. Some examples of these items are the first breakfast and dinner menus of the Tampa Bay Hotel, a program from the Hotel's Opening Ball and a full page of the Tampa Daily Journal with an article on the completion of the Hotel. ","None. The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information.","USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Lowry, Willie","Lowry, Sumter de Leon, Jr., 1893-1985","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.1989.06","/repositories/2/resources/753"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1873-1946"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Willie Lowry papers, 1873-1946"],"collection_title_tesim":["Willie Lowry papers, 1873-1946"],"collection_ssim":["Willie Lowry papers, 1873-1946"],"repository_ssm":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Tampa Bay Region (Fla.) -- History","South Carolina","Palatka (Fla.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Tampa Bay Region (Fla.) -- History","South Carolina","Palatka (Fla.)"],"creator_ssm":["Lowry, Willie","Lowry, Sumter de Leon, Jr., 1893-1985"],"creator_ssim":["Lowry, Willie","Lowry, Sumter de Leon, Jr., 1893-1985"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Lowry, Willie","Lowry, Sumter de Leon, Jr., 1893-1985"],"creators_ssim":["Lowry, Willie","Lowry, Sumter de Leon, Jr., 1893-1985"],"places_ssim":["Tampa Bay Region (Fla.) -- History","South Carolina","Palatka (Fla.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["None. The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Ann Lowry Murphey, material grandaughter of Willie Lowry"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Tampa (Fla.) -- Social life and customs","Military"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Tampa (Fla.) -- Social life and customs","Military"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["22 boxes","13.69 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["22 boxes","13.69 Linear Feet"],"physfacet_tesim":["16 Hollingers and 6 Flat, Oversized Boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAt the donor's request, the collection was previously closed until January 2015. There are no other restrictions on the use of the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["At the donor's request, the collection was previously closed until January 2015. There are no other restrictions on the use of the collection."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWillie Miller Lowry was born in Raleigh, North Carolina on July 15, 1862. She was the daughter of Dr. William Robards Miller and Mary Frances Britton. Orphaned at an early eage, Willie moved to Rock Hill, South Carolina to live with her married sister, Mrs. Isabella Wilson. She attended Salem Female Academy where she learned secretarial skills. After graduation, she worked as a secretary for various employers such as the Chairman of the Democratice Party in 1888 and the Peace Institute in 1889 as an instructor of typing and shorthand. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWillie Miller met Sumter Lowry in Rock Hill, South Carolina in 1885. Sumter Lowry was a native of York, South Carolina who was born on February 26, 1861. He attended Kings Mountain Military Academy and, then, the Medical and Pharmaceutical College in Charleston, South Carolina. Lowry moved to Palatka, Florida in 1886 to manage their Florida store while Starr handled their South Carolina business. Willie and Sumter corresponded regularly while he was working in Palatka.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThey were married on December 18, 1890, first settling in Palatka, then St. Augustine and finally, in late 1894, Tampa where they built a home on Plant Avenue and had five children: Willie Louise, Sumter, Jr., Blackburn, Loper, and Isabella. Prior to the Lowry's move to Tampa, Sumter had decided to leave the pharmacy business and embark on a career as an insurance agent thorugh the help of his friend, G. Loper Bailey who he had met in Palatka. Sumter frequently traveled as an insurance agent, but reguarly corresponded with his wife. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlthough she enjoyed being a wife and mother, Willie strongely believed in the importance of being active in the community. Willie founded or was active in numerous civic and social activities and, participated in many state and national issues such as the women's suffrage movement, Tampa's Woman's Club, and Tampa's Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA). In 1900 she wrote a letter to Andrew Carnegie and secured $50,000 to establish a local public library.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWillie Lowry was deeply interested in the welfare of young people. She participated in the first kindergarten movement and formation of the first kindergarten association in Tampa. In 1916, she start what was the first Girl Scout troop to be formed in the South after Juliet Lowe had established the organization and served as their first counselor. She also founded two clubs to help her children become more socially and culturally active: the \"Would-Be-Goods\" in 1901 for young girls and the \"Merry Makers\" in 1913 for her son, Loper and his friends. The latter club still exists as an exclusive men's club.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhen the United States became invovled in World War I, Willie Lowry volunteered her time to the Red Cross. As a Red Cross volunteer, she held several important chairmanships and helped raise thousands of dollars for supplies and training. In 1928, she was decorated by King Alfonso XIII of Spain with the \"Royal Order of the Lace Isabella Cathlica\" in recognition of her efforts in promoting the role of Spain in the settlement and history of early America, especially, Florida. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWillie Lowry continued to be active in the community but failing health limited her involvement. She passed away on August 14, 1936.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReferences:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDillon, P. (1999). Clubwomen and Civic Activism: Willie Lowry and Tampa's Club Movement. The Florida Historical Quarterly, 77(4), 429\u0026#x2013;444. http://www.jstor.org/stable/30150827\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMrs. W. L. Lowry, Pioneer Tampa Woman, Is Dead\". Tampa Times. Tampa, FL. August 15, 1946. p. 2 \u0026#x2013; via Newspapers.com.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Willie Miller Lowry was born in Raleigh, North Carolina on July 15, 1862. She was the daughter of Dr. William Robards Miller and Mary Frances Britton. Orphaned at an early eage, Willie moved to Rock Hill, South Carolina to live with her married sister, Mrs. Isabella Wilson. She attended Salem Female Academy where she learned secretarial skills. After graduation, she worked as a secretary for various employers such as the Chairman of the Democratice Party in 1888 and the Peace Institute in 1889 as an instructor of typing and shorthand. ","Willie Miller met Sumter Lowry in Rock Hill, South Carolina in 1885. Sumter Lowry was a native of York, South Carolina who was born on February 26, 1861. He attended Kings Mountain Military Academy and, then, the Medical and Pharmaceutical College in Charleston, South Carolina. Lowry moved to Palatka, Florida in 1886 to manage their Florida store while Starr handled their South Carolina business. Willie and Sumter corresponded regularly while he was working in Palatka.","They were married on December 18, 1890, first settling in Palatka, then St. Augustine and finally, in late 1894, Tampa where they built a home on Plant Avenue and had five children: Willie Louise, Sumter, Jr., Blackburn, Loper, and Isabella. Prior to the Lowry's move to Tampa, Sumter had decided to leave the pharmacy business and embark on a career as an insurance agent thorugh the help of his friend, G. Loper Bailey who he had met in Palatka. Sumter frequently traveled as an insurance agent, but reguarly corresponded with his wife. ","Although she enjoyed being a wife and mother, Willie strongely believed in the importance of being active in the community. Willie founded or was active in numerous civic and social activities and, participated in many state and national issues such as the women's suffrage movement, Tampa's Woman's Club, and Tampa's Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA). In 1900 she wrote a letter to Andrew Carnegie and secured $50,000 to establish a local public library.","Willie Lowry was deeply interested in the welfare of young people. She participated in the first kindergarten movement and formation of the first kindergarten association in Tampa. In 1916, she start what was the first Girl Scout troop to be formed in the South after Juliet Lowe had established the organization and served as their first counselor. She also founded two clubs to help her children become more socially and culturally active: the \"Would-Be-Goods\" in 1901 for young girls and the \"Merry Makers\" in 1913 for her son, Loper and his friends. The latter club still exists as an exclusive men's club.","When the United States became invovled in World War I, Willie Lowry volunteered her time to the Red Cross. As a Red Cross volunteer, she held several important chairmanships and helped raise thousands of dollars for supplies and training. In 1928, she was decorated by King Alfonso XIII of Spain with the \"Royal Order of the Lace Isabella Cathlica\" in recognition of her efforts in promoting the role of Spain in the settlement and history of early America, especially, Florida. ","Willie Lowry continued to be active in the community but failing health limited her involvement. She passed away on August 14, 1936.","References:","Dillon, P. (1999). Clubwomen and Civic Activism: Willie Lowry and Tampa's Club Movement. The Florida Historical Quarterly, 77(4), 429–444. http://www.jstor.org/stable/30150827","Mrs. W. L. Lowry, Pioneer Tampa Woman, Is Dead\". Tampa Times. Tampa, FL. August 15, 1946. p. 2 – via Newspapers.com."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWillie Lowry papers, USF Libraries \u0026#x2013; Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Willie Lowry papers, USF Libraries – Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSumter Lowry papers, USF Libraries \u0026#x2013; Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Sumter Lowry papers, USF Libraries – Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Willie Lowry papers have been arranged by the type of materials found in the collection and organized into series. A large portion of the collection is correspondence to and from Willie to Sumter Lowry. The bulk of the material in the collection falls within the period of the 1880s and 1920s with no significant gaps in the documentation.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains a significant volume of information on Tampa Bay and other regions in Florida. Further, a substantial portion of the material is intrinsically significant in that it contains items which are believed to be the only ones in existence. Some examples of these items are the first breakfast and dinner menus of the Tampa Bay Hotel, a program from the Hotel's Opening Ball and a full page of the Tampa Daily Journal with an article on the completion of the Hotel. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Willie Lowry papers have been arranged by the type of materials found in the collection and organized into series. A large portion of the collection is correspondence to and from Willie to Sumter Lowry. The bulk of the material in the collection falls within the period of the 1880s and 1920s with no significant gaps in the documentation.  ","The collection contains a significant volume of information on Tampa Bay and other regions in Florida. Further, a substantial portion of the material is intrinsically significant in that it contains items which are believed to be the only ones in existence. Some examples of these items are the first breakfast and dinner menus of the Tampa Bay Hotel, a program from the Hotel's Opening Ball and a full page of the Tampa Daily Journal with an article on the completion of the Hotel. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone. The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["None. The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information."],"names_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Lowry, Willie","Lowry, Sumter de Leon, Jr., 1893-1985"],"corpname_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Lowry, Willie","Lowry, Sumter de Leon, Jr., 1893-1985"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":273,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1875301641343729664,"_root_":"a4845bfaa07fb1a2508d4004","timestamp":"2026-09-03T09:16:50.862Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/a4845bfaa07fb1a2508d4004_aspace_70dea7e8b8bfc8c5fa0f097dad51e784"}},{"id":"c68df77fd3643029bc47dba8_aspace_18387","type":"Box","attributes":{"title":"Scrapbooks, 1915-1920","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/c68df77fd3643029bc47dba8_aspace_18387#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eBox contains six volumes of \"The Vagabonds' Notebook,\" a scrapbook of photographs with captions and dated journal entries by Thomas Dreier.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/c68df77fd3643029bc47dba8_aspace_18387#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_18387","ref_ssm":["aspace_18387","aspace_18387"],"id":"c68df77fd3643029bc47dba8_aspace_18387","title_filing_ssi":"Scrapbooks","title_ssm":["Scrapbooks"],"title_tesim":["Scrapbooks"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1915-1920"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1915-1920"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Scrapbooks, 1915-1920"],"text":["Scrapbooks, 1915-1920","Thomas Dreier collection, 1893-1979, Date acquired: 00/00/1974","20","/repositories/2/archival_objects/42806","box 20","Box contains six volumes of \"The Vagabonds' Notebook,\" a scrapbook of photographs with captions and dated journal entries by Thomas Dreier."],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ids_ssim":["c68df77fd3643029bc47dba8"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Thomas Dreier collection, 1893-1979, Date acquired: 00/00/1974"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Thomas Dreier collection, 1893-1979, Date acquired: 00/00/1974"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"unitid_ssm":["20","/repositories/2/archival_objects/42806"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Thomas Dreier collection, 1893-1979, Date acquired: 00/00/1974"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":6,"level_ssm":["Box"],"level_ssim":["Box"],"sort_isi":151,"parent_access_terms_tesm":["None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information."],"date_range_isim":[1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920],"containers_ssim":["box 20"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBox contains six volumes of \"The Vagabonds' Notebook,\" a scrapbook of photographs with captions and dated journal entries by Thomas Dreier.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Box contains six volumes of \"The Vagabonds' Notebook,\" a scrapbook of photographs with captions and dated journal entries by Thomas Dreier."],"_nest_path_":"/components#19","_nest_parent_":"c68df77fd3643029bc47dba8","_root_":"c68df77fd3643029bc47dba8","_version_":1873217883007352832,"timestamp":"2026-08-11T09:16:24.054Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"c68df77fd3643029bc47dba8","title_ssm":["Thomas Dreier collection"],"title_tesim":["Thomas Dreier collection"],"ead_ssi":"c68df77fd3643029bc47dba8","unitdate_ssm":["1893-1979","Date acquired: 00/00/1974"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1893-1979"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 00/00/1974"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-1974-02","/repositories/2/resources/260"],"text":["MS-1974-02","/repositories/2/resources/260","Thomas Dreier collection, 1893-1979, Date acquired: 00/00/1974","St. Petersburg Times (St. Petersburg, Fla.)","By subject","Born in Wisconsin, Thomas Dreier (1884-1976) moved to Snell Isle, St. Petersburg, FL in 1935. A writer of editorials, corporate pulications, and newspaper columns, he produced numerous business newsletters, including The Artsman (1903-1907), The Inn (1936-1940), The Jolly Samaritan (1925-1926, 1928), and The Troubadour (1928-1929), and other publications during his career. His column in the St. Petersburg Times, \"Brickbats and Bouquets,\" focused on the improvement and beauty of the St. Petersburg area. He also served as president of the Florida Library Association, chairman of the Florida State Library Board, and was a founding member of the St. Petersburg Friends of the Library.","Note written by unknown","The collection consists of holographic, photocopied, and typed correspondence, scrapbooks focusing on Mr. Dreier's career and accomplishments, assorted slides of Snell Isle and Florida fruits and flowers, clippings of Dreier's editorials published in the St. Petersburg Times between 1940 and 1951, and clippings of his column \"Brickbats and Bouquets,\" published in 1939.  The collection also includes Dreier's \"Vagabonds' Notebooks,\" which are personal journals that incorporate photographs of family members, their homes, guests, and vacations.","None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information.","USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Florida Library Association","Dreier, Thomas (1884-1976)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-1974-02","/repositories/2/resources/260"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1893-1979, Date acquired: 00/00/1974"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Thomas Dreier collection, 1893-1979, Date acquired: 00/00/1974"],"collection_title_tesim":["Thomas Dreier collection, 1893-1979, Date acquired: 00/00/1974"],"collection_ssim":["Thomas Dreier collection, 1893-1979, Date acquired: 00/00/1974"],"repository_ssm":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"creator_ssm":["Dreier, Thomas (1884-1976)"],"creator_ssim":["Dreier, Thomas (1884-1976)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Dreier, Thomas (1884-1976)"],"creators_ssim":["Dreier, Thomas (1884-1976)"],"access_terms_ssm":["None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Thomas and Mary Dreier","Donation"],"access_subjects_ssim":["St. Petersburg Times (St. Petersburg, Fla.)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["St. Petersburg Times (St. Petersburg, Fla.)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["21.72 Linear Feet","37 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["21.72 Linear Feet","37 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBy subject\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["By subject"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBorn in Wisconsin, Thomas Dreier (1884-1976) moved to Snell Isle, St. Petersburg, FL in 1935. A writer of editorials, corporate pulications, and newspaper columns, he produced numerous business newsletters, including The Artsman (1903-1907), The Inn (1936-1940), The Jolly Samaritan (1925-1926, 1928), and The Troubadour (1928-1929), and other publications during his career. His column in the St. Petersburg Times, \"Brickbats and Bouquets,\" focused on the improvement and beauty of the St. Petersburg area. He also served as president of the Florida Library Association, chairman of the Florida State Library Board, and was a founding member of the St. Petersburg Friends of the Library.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote written by unknown\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Born in Wisconsin, Thomas Dreier (1884-1976) moved to Snell Isle, St. Petersburg, FL in 1935. A writer of editorials, corporate pulications, and newspaper columns, he produced numerous business newsletters, including The Artsman (1903-1907), The Inn (1936-1940), The Jolly Samaritan (1925-1926, 1928), and The Troubadour (1928-1929), and other publications during his career. His column in the St. Petersburg Times, \"Brickbats and Bouquets,\" focused on the improvement and beauty of the St. Petersburg area. He also served as president of the Florida Library Association, chairman of the Florida State Library Board, and was a founding member of the St. Petersburg Friends of the Library.","Note written by unknown"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThomas Dreier collection, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Thomas Dreier collection, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of holographic, photocopied, and typed correspondence, scrapbooks focusing on Mr. Dreier's career and accomplishments, assorted slides of Snell Isle and Florida fruits and flowers, clippings of Dreier's editorials published in the St. Petersburg Times between 1940 and 1951, and clippings of his column \"Brickbats and Bouquets,\" published in 1939.\u0026#xA0; The collection also includes Dreier's \"Vagabonds' Notebooks,\" which are personal journals that incorporate photographs of family members, their homes, guests, and vacations.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of holographic, photocopied, and typed correspondence, scrapbooks focusing on Mr. Dreier's career and accomplishments, assorted slides of Snell Isle and Florida fruits and flowers, clippings of Dreier's editorials published in the St. Petersburg Times between 1940 and 1951, and clippings of his column \"Brickbats and Bouquets,\" published in 1939.  The collection also includes Dreier's \"Vagabonds' Notebooks,\" which are personal journals that incorporate photographs of family members, their homes, guests, and vacations."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone.\u0026#xA0;The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.\u0026#xA0; Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at \u003cextref href=\"http://www.copyright.gov/\"\u003ehttp://www.copyright.gov/\u003c/extref\u003e for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information."],"names_coll_ssim":["Florida Library Association","Dreier, Thomas (1884-1976)"],"names_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Florida Library Association","Dreier, Thomas (1884-1976)"],"corpname_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Florida Library Association"],"persname_ssim":["Dreier, Thomas (1884-1976)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":185,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1873217883007352832,"_root_":"c68df77fd3643029bc47dba8","timestamp":"2026-08-11T09:16:24.054Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/c68df77fd3643029bc47dba8_aspace_18387"}},{"id":"8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f_aspace_047863398df3179ddc7d900476daaaf4","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"\"Seccion de Propoganda,\" Minutes, 1913-1929","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f_aspace_047863398df3179ddc7d900476daaaf4#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_047863398df3179ddc7d900476daaaf4","ref_ssm":["aspace_047863398df3179ddc7d900476daaaf4","aspace_047863398df3179ddc7d900476daaaf4"],"id":"8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f_aspace_047863398df3179ddc7d900476daaaf4","title_filing_ssi":"\"Seccion de Propoganda,\" Minutes","title_ssm":["\"Seccion de Propoganda,\" Minutes"],"title_tesim":["\"Seccion de Propoganda,\" Minutes"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1913-1929"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1913-1929"],"normalized_title_ssm":["\"Seccion de Propoganda,\" Minutes, 1913-1929"],"text":["\"Seccion de Propoganda,\" Minutes, 1913-1929","Centro Asturiano de Tampa collection, 1902-2007, Date acquired: 00/00/1989, bulk 1902-1987","Records","Section Records","2","/repositories/2/archival_objects/181471","box 14","folder 2"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f","8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f_aspace_84381","8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f_aspace_d16110fa2806674a769033e0a191be8e"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa collection, 1902-2007, Date acquired: 00/00/1989, bulk 1902-1987","Records","Section Records"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa collection, 1902-2007, Date acquired: 00/00/1989, bulk 1902-1987","Records","Section Records"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Box"],"unitid_ssm":["2","/repositories/2/archival_objects/181471"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa collection, 1902-2007, Date acquired: 00/00/1989, bulk 1902-1987"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":49,"parent_access_terms_tesm":["None. The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/for more information."],"date_range_isim":[1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929],"containers_ssim":["box 14","folder 2"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#13/components#1","_nest_parent_":"8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f_aspace_d16110fa2806674a769033e0a191be8e","_root_":"8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f","_version_":1875301659078295552,"timestamp":"2026-09-03T09:17:07.659Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f","title_ssm":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa collection"],"title_tesim":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa collection"],"ead_ssi":"8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f","unitdate_ssm":["1902-2007","1902-1987","Date acquired: 00/00/1989"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1902-1987"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1902-2007"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 00/00/1989"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-1989-02","/repositories/2/resources/542"],"text":["MS-1989-02","/repositories/2/resources/542","Centro Asturiano de Tampa collection, 1902-2007, Date acquired: 00/00/1989, bulk 1902-1987","Tampa (Fla.) -- History","Cigar industry -- Florida -- Tampa","Cuba -- Relations -- Florida -- Tampa","Clubs -- Florida -- Tampa","Tampa (Fla.) -- Social life and customs","Playbills -- Florida -- Tampa","The Centro Asturiano de Tampa Collection is arranged into series according to subject. These include organizational, financial, ephemera, artifacts, photographs, and media. Records are arranged chronologically within each series. Boxes 159-243 contain financial records.","When Spanish immigrants came to Tampa in the 1890s, they brought with them the idea of the mutual aid society, a voluntary association or club that pooled resources to provide members with a variety of social, cultural, and economic benefits.  The first such club established in Tampa was the Centro Español, founded in 1891. The Centro Asturiano began in 1902 when a group of members seceded from the Centro Español to create a club that included healthcare.  Named for the northwest Spanish region of Asturias from which many of the founding members had come, the new society was chartered as a branch of the Centro Asturiano de Habana, and was known for decades as the \"Tampa Delegation\" of the Cuban organization.","On January 22, 1909, the club dedicated a handsome red brick building, which cost $75,000.  When fire destroyed the building in 1912, club members voted to build an even larger and more impressive facility. This columned, neoclassical building, which the  Tampa Morning Tribune  called \"the most beautiful building in the South,\" opened in 1914 at a cost of $110,000. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974 and retains its stature as one of the most outstanding structures in Tampa's Ybor City historic district. The club's cantina provided a pleasant atmosphere for members to spend their leisure time, a place to talk, play dominos, and smoke a cigar.  The palatial ballroom was the scene of glittering social affairs, balls, tea dances, and other activities. A space was set aside for a library and gymnasium as well to promote the club's mission of education, good health and the general well-being of its members. The Centro's building served as a center of social and cultural life for its community and is still owned by the club to this day.","A central part of club life was the building's elaborate theatre.  In its heyday, the Centro theatre was the venue for plays, operas, musicals, and other performances featuring both local talent and well-known Cuban, Spanish, and Italian entertainers who made Ybor City part of their tours. During the depression years of the 1930s, the Spanish language unit of the WPA Federal Theatre presented performances in the Centro's theatre, which was also used for cigar labor union meetings and other events.","The largest of all the Tampa fraternal clubs, the Centro expanded and flourished in the early decades of the twentieth century, due in large part to its acceptance of members from various ethnicities and its medical facilities. Following World War II however, membership gradually declined as economic and demographic changes eroded the cigar-making immigrant community.  Many of the services offered by the club either became functions of government agencies or were too expensive to maintain, lessening the advantages of membership. With the assimilation of its traditional membership base into the general population, the club was no longer the center of the cohesive ethnic community it once served. Despite adversity, the Centro Asturiano has endured, serving as an icon of heritage to descendants of the Spanish immigrants who played such a significant role in the development of modern Tampa.","Note written by Paul Camp, 2006; Joe Tamargo, 2011.","Centro Asturiano De Tampa Membership Records Photograph Collection . Tampa, Florida: University of South Florida Libraries, 2003.","Centro Asturiano Library Collection,  Special Collections Department, Tampa Library, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.","Centro Español De Tampa Collection , USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL. ","Cuban Club Records , USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL. ","The Centro Asturiano de Tampa Collection consists of club and hospital records, meeting minutes, photographs, ephemera, zarzuelas, playbills, financial records, memorias, and cemetery records. Artifacts include flags, trophies, printing plates, and various other items related to the club.","None. The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/for more information.","USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Centro Asturiano de Tampa","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-1989-02","/repositories/2/resources/542"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1902-2007, Date acquired: 00/00/1989, bulk 1902-1987"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa collection, 1902-2007, Date acquired: 00/00/1989, bulk 1902-1987"],"collection_title_tesim":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa collection, 1902-2007, Date acquired: 00/00/1989, bulk 1902-1987"],"collection_ssim":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa collection, 1902-2007, Date acquired: 00/00/1989, bulk 1902-1987"],"repository_ssm":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Tampa (Fla.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Tampa (Fla.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa"],"creator_ssim":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa"],"creators_ssim":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa"],"places_ssim":["Tampa (Fla.) -- History"],"access_terms_ssm":["None. The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/for more information."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa","Donation"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Cigar industry -- Florida -- Tampa","Cuba -- Relations -- Florida -- Tampa","Clubs -- Florida -- Tampa","Tampa (Fla.) -- Social life and customs","Playbills -- Florida -- Tampa"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Cigar industry -- Florida -- Tampa","Cuba -- Relations -- Florida -- Tampa","Clubs -- Florida -- Tampa","Tampa (Fla.) -- Social life and customs","Playbills -- Florida -- Tampa"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["164.7 Linear Feet","241 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["164.7 Linear Feet","241 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Playbills -- Florida -- Tampa"],"date_range_isim":[1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Centro Asturiano de Tampa Collection is arranged into series according to subject. These include organizational, financial, ephemera, artifacts, photographs, and media. Records are arranged chronologically within each series. Boxes 159-243 contain financial records.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Centro Asturiano de Tampa Collection is arranged into series according to subject. These include organizational, financial, ephemera, artifacts, photographs, and media. Records are arranged chronologically within each series. Boxes 159-243 contain financial records."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWhen Spanish immigrants came to Tampa in the 1890s, they brought with them the idea of the mutual aid society, a voluntary association or club that pooled resources to provide members with a variety of social, cultural, and economic benefits.  The first such club established in Tampa was the Centro Espa\u0026#xF1;ol, founded in 1891. The Centro Asturiano began in 1902 when a group of members seceded from the Centro Espa\u0026#xF1;ol to create a club that included healthcare.  Named for the northwest Spanish region of Asturias from which many of the founding members had come, the new society was chartered as a branch of the Centro Asturiano de Habana, and was known for decades as the \"Tampa Delegation\" of the Cuban organization.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOn January 22, 1909, the club dedicated a handsome red brick building, which cost $75,000.  When fire destroyed the building in 1912, club members voted to build an even larger and more impressive facility. This columned, neoclassical building, which the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eTampa Morning Tribune\u003c/emph\u003e called \"the most beautiful building in the South,\" opened in 1914 at a cost of $110,000. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974 and retains its stature as one of the most outstanding structures in Tampa's Ybor City historic district. The club's cantina provided a pleasant atmosphere for members to spend their leisure time, a place to talk, play dominos, and smoke a cigar.  The palatial ballroom was the scene of glittering social affairs, balls, tea dances, and other activities. A space was set aside for a library and gymnasium as well to promote the club's mission of education, good health and the general well-being of its members. The Centro's building served as a center of social and cultural life for its community and is still owned by the club to this day.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA central part of club life was the building's elaborate theatre.  In its heyday, the Centro theatre was the venue for plays, operas, musicals, and other performances featuring both local talent and well-known Cuban, Spanish, and Italian entertainers who made Ybor City part of their tours. During the depression years of the 1930s, the Spanish language unit of the WPA Federal Theatre presented performances in the Centro's theatre, which was also used for cigar labor union meetings and other events.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe largest of all the Tampa fraternal clubs, the Centro expanded and flourished in the early decades of the twentieth century, due in large part to its acceptance of members from various ethnicities and its medical facilities. Following World War II however, membership gradually declined as economic and demographic changes eroded the cigar-making immigrant community.  Many of the services offered by the club either became functions of government agencies or were too expensive to maintain, lessening the advantages of membership. With the assimilation of its traditional membership base into the general population, the club was no longer the center of the cohesive ethnic community it once served. Despite adversity, the Centro Asturiano has endured, serving as an icon of heritage to descendants of the Spanish immigrants who played such a significant role in the development of modern Tampa.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Paul Camp, 2006; Joe Tamargo, 2011.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["When Spanish immigrants came to Tampa in the 1890s, they brought with them the idea of the mutual aid society, a voluntary association or club that pooled resources to provide members with a variety of social, cultural, and economic benefits.  The first such club established in Tampa was the Centro Español, founded in 1891. The Centro Asturiano began in 1902 when a group of members seceded from the Centro Español to create a club that included healthcare.  Named for the northwest Spanish region of Asturias from which many of the founding members had come, the new society was chartered as a branch of the Centro Asturiano de Habana, and was known for decades as the \"Tampa Delegation\" of the Cuban organization.","On January 22, 1909, the club dedicated a handsome red brick building, which cost $75,000.  When fire destroyed the building in 1912, club members voted to build an even larger and more impressive facility. This columned, neoclassical building, which the  Tampa Morning Tribune  called \"the most beautiful building in the South,\" opened in 1914 at a cost of $110,000. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974 and retains its stature as one of the most outstanding structures in Tampa's Ybor City historic district. The club's cantina provided a pleasant atmosphere for members to spend their leisure time, a place to talk, play dominos, and smoke a cigar.  The palatial ballroom was the scene of glittering social affairs, balls, tea dances, and other activities. A space was set aside for a library and gymnasium as well to promote the club's mission of education, good health and the general well-being of its members. The Centro's building served as a center of social and cultural life for its community and is still owned by the club to this day.","A central part of club life was the building's elaborate theatre.  In its heyday, the Centro theatre was the venue for plays, operas, musicals, and other performances featuring both local talent and well-known Cuban, Spanish, and Italian entertainers who made Ybor City part of their tours. During the depression years of the 1930s, the Spanish language unit of the WPA Federal Theatre presented performances in the Centro's theatre, which was also used for cigar labor union meetings and other events.","The largest of all the Tampa fraternal clubs, the Centro expanded and flourished in the early decades of the twentieth century, due in large part to its acceptance of members from various ethnicities and its medical facilities. Following World War II however, membership gradually declined as economic and demographic changes eroded the cigar-making immigrant community.  Many of the services offered by the club either became functions of government agencies or were too expensive to maintain, lessening the advantages of membership. With the assimilation of its traditional membership base into the general population, the club was no longer the center of the cohesive ethnic community it once served. Despite adversity, the Centro Asturiano has endured, serving as an icon of heritage to descendants of the Spanish immigrants who played such a significant role in the development of modern Tampa.","Note written by Paul Camp, 2006; Joe Tamargo, 2011."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCentro Asturiano de Tampa collection, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa collection, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCentro Asturiano De Tampa Membership Records Photograph Collection\u003c/emph\u003e. Tampa, Florida: University of South Florida Libraries, 2003.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCentro Asturiano Library Collection,\u003c/emph\u003e Special Collections Department, Tampa Library, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCentro Espan\u0026#x303;ol De Tampa Collection\u003c/emph\u003e, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCuban Club Records\u003c/emph\u003e, USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL. \u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Centro Asturiano De Tampa Membership Records Photograph Collection . Tampa, Florida: University of South Florida Libraries, 2003.","Centro Asturiano Library Collection,  Special Collections Department, Tampa Library, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.","Centro Español De Tampa Collection , USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL. ","Cuban Club Records , USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL. "],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Centro Asturiano de Tampa Collection consists of club and hospital records, meeting minutes, photographs, ephemera, zarzuelas, playbills, financial records, memorias, and cemetery records. Artifacts include flags, trophies, printing plates, and various other items related to the club.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Centro Asturiano de Tampa Collection consists of club and hospital records, meeting minutes, photographs, ephemera, zarzuelas, playbills, financial records, memorias, and cemetery records. Artifacts include flags, trophies, printing plates, and various other items related to the club."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone. The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright.\u0026#xA0; Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["None. The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/for more information."],"names_coll_ssim":["Centro Asturiano de Tampa"],"names_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Centro Asturiano de Tampa"],"corpname_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Centro Asturiano de Tampa"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1038,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1875301659078295552,"_root_":"8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f","timestamp":"2026-09-03T09:17:07.659Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/8b33a8c5177804a4b9511a5f_aspace_047863398df3179ddc7d900476daaaf4"}},{"id":"a3eabcc4094ea8e02f42af5b_aspace_6017","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Seminole County, 1914-1998","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/a3eabcc4094ea8e02f42af5b_aspace_6017#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_6017","ref_ssm":["aspace_6017","aspace_6017"],"id":"a3eabcc4094ea8e02f42af5b_aspace_6017","title_filing_ssi":"Seminole County","title_ssm":["Seminole County"],"title_tesim":["Seminole County"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1914-1998"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1914-1998"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Seminole County, 1914-1998"],"text":["Seminole County, 1914-1998","Florida Ephemera collection, circa 1813-2007","Geographic Files, circa 1813-2007","Central Florida, 1887-2007","Folder 2","/repositories/4/archival_objects/12980","box 5","folder 2"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["a3eabcc4094ea8e02f42af5b","a3eabcc4094ea8e02f42af5b_aspace_5649","a3eabcc4094ea8e02f42af5b_aspace_5650"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Florida Ephemera collection, circa 1813-2007","Geographic Files, circa 1813-2007","Central Florida, 1887-2007"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Florida Ephemera collection, circa 1813-2007","Geographic Files, circa 1813-2007","Central Florida, 1887-2007"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Subseries"],"unitid_ssm":["Folder 2","/repositories/4/archival_objects/12980"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Florida Ephemera collection, circa 1813-2007"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":18,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":352,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The entire collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"date_range_isim":[1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998],"containers_ssim":["box 5","folder 2"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#0/components#7","_nest_parent_":"a3eabcc4094ea8e02f42af5b_aspace_5650","_root_":"a3eabcc4094ea8e02f42af5b","_version_":1876384024848498688,"timestamp":"2026-09-15T08:00:52.198Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"a3eabcc4094ea8e02f42af5b","title_ssm":["Florida Ephemera collection"],"title_tesim":["Florida Ephemera collection"],"ead_ssi":"a3eabcc4094ea8e02f42af5b","unitdate_ssm":["circa 1813-2007"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1813-2007"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC.032","/repositories/4/resources/60"],"text":["SC.032","/repositories/4/resources/60","Florida Ephemera collection, circa 1813-2007","Florida","Florida -- Politics and government","Orlando (Fla.)","Agriculture -- Florida","Business -- Florida","Gardening -- Florida","Parks -- Florida","Tourism","The entire collection is open for research.","The collection is divided into three series, Geographic Files, Artifacts and Subject Files. Geographic Files are arranged in three subseries, Central, North and South Florida, with Central Florida organized alphabetically by county. General information about a region begins each subseries, followed by cities and counties that have a high volume of information. Subject Files are arranged alphabetically.","Thomas and Georgine Mickler ran a small publishing company, Mickler House, and a thriving mail-order business, Mickler's Antiquarian Books, out of their Chuluota home for almost 40 years. The Mickler's focused on tracing out-of-print publications about Florida and ultimately collected more than 40,000 books and other historical pieces of paper memorabilia that filled their home. Thomas Mickler was a native Floridian but Georgine was born in Chicago. She moved to Orlando in 1961, and they married the following year. Both of them lived until they were 84 years old; Thomas died in 1997 and Georgine died a year later.","Collection processed by Jessica Achberger; finding aid prepared by Jessica Achberger and Jeffrey Baumiller.","This collection was processed by both geographic area and subject matter. Materials related to a specific location within Florida were divided out, while materials related to Florida as a whole were separated into specific subject matter. All materials are foldered, with special attention being paid to newspaper clippings and delicate manuscript materials. Sheets of acid free paper were put between clippings, and some materials have been sleeved for preservation.","Other materials collected by the Micklers are held in the University of Central Florida Libraries Special Collections and University Archives, and other collections provide information about Florida. For a complete list of collections please consult the  Special Collections \u0026 University Archives  website.","The Florida Ephemera Collection consists of materials about or produced in Florida collected by Thomas and Georgine Mickler through their mail-order business, Mickler's Antiquarian Books, as well as additional purchases made by the University of Central Florida Libraries Special Collections. These materials are all related in some way to Florida, either geographically or through the subject matter.","\nSeries I: Geographic Files, circa 1813-2007 contain tourism brochures, information on local historical societies, local business advertisements and newspaper clippings related to the different geographic areas of Florida, loosely divided into Central, North and South Florida. Some information may also be found in a Subject file; however, generally the Subject Files consist of information about Florida as a whole.","\nSeries II: Subject Files, 1831-2005 consist of booklets and brochures, newspaper and journal articles, business cards and advertisements, and periodicals related to Florida, arranged by subject alphabetically. Topics include Agricultural Literature, Arts and Humanities, Gardening Literature, History, Politics and Government, Real Estate and Development, State Parks and Historical Markers, Tourism, and Wildlife.","Series III: Artifacts, Undated, 1971, contains larger items that pertain to geographical and subject files \nconcerning Florida. Included thus far are a cork mat depicting Bok Tower and a bottle commemorating \nthe Apollo 14 mission.","Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","The Florida Ephemera Collection is a collection of brochures, advertisements and news clippings documenting the history of Florida. Although the collection includes information about Florida as a whole, it focuses on the Central Florida area, and Orlando in particular. The collection contains information about most aspects of life in Florida including business and industry, real estate and development, tourism and wildlife.","UCF Special Collections","Mickler, Thomas, 1912-1997","Mickler, Georgine, 1914-1998","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC.032","/repositories/4/resources/60"],"normalized_date_ssm":["circa 1813-2007"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Florida Ephemera collection, circa 1813-2007"],"collection_title_tesim":["Florida Ephemera collection, circa 1813-2007"],"collection_ssim":["Florida Ephemera collection, circa 1813-2007"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Florida","Florida -- Politics and government","Orlando (Fla.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Florida","Florida -- Politics and government","Orlando (Fla.)"],"creator_ssm":["Mickler, Thomas, 1912-1997","Mickler, Georgine, 1914-1998"],"creator_ssim":["Mickler, Thomas, 1912-1997","Mickler, Georgine, 1914-1998"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Mickler, Thomas, 1912-1997","Mickler, Georgine, 1914-1998"],"creators_ssim":["Mickler, Thomas, 1912-1997","Mickler, Georgine, 1914-1998"],"places_ssim":["Florida","Florida -- Politics and government","Orlando (Fla.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The ephemera was mostly collected by Thomas and Georgine Mickler of Micklers Antiquarian Books. These materials were purchased by the University of Central Florida Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives in 1999 (CFM1999_06). Ephemera from a variety of sources will continue to be purchased to create a collection relevant to Florida's history."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Agriculture -- Florida","Business -- Florida","Gardening -- Florida","Parks -- Florida","Tourism"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Agriculture -- Florida","Business -- Florida","Gardening -- Florida","Parks -- Florida","Tourism"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["13 Linear Feet 26 Boxes, 1 Flat File"],"extent_tesim":["13 Linear Feet 26 Boxes, 1 Flat File"],"date_range_isim":[1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into three series, Geographic Files, Artifacts and Subject Files. Geographic Files are arranged in three subseries, Central, North and South Florida, with Central Florida organized alphabetically by county. General information about a region begins each subseries, followed by cities and counties that have a high volume of information. Subject Files are arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into three series, Geographic Files, Artifacts and Subject Files. Geographic Files are arranged in three subseries, Central, North and South Florida, with Central Florida organized alphabetically by county. General information about a region begins each subseries, followed by cities and counties that have a high volume of information. Subject Files are arranged alphabetically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThomas and Georgine Mickler ran a small publishing company, Mickler House, and a thriving mail-order business, Mickler's Antiquarian Books, out of their Chuluota home for almost 40 years. The Mickler's focused on tracing out-of-print publications about Florida and ultimately collected more than 40,000 books and other historical pieces of paper memorabilia that filled their home. Thomas Mickler was a native Floridian but Georgine was born in Chicago. She moved to Orlando in 1961, and they married the following year. Both of them lived until they were 84 years old; Thomas died in 1997 and Georgine died a year later.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Thomas and Georgine Mickler ran a small publishing company, Mickler House, and a thriving mail-order business, Mickler's Antiquarian Books, out of their Chuluota home for almost 40 years. The Mickler's focused on tracing out-of-print publications about Florida and ultimately collected more than 40,000 books and other historical pieces of paper memorabilia that filled their home. Thomas Mickler was a native Floridian but Georgine was born in Chicago. She moved to Orlando in 1961, and they married the following year. Both of them lived until they were 84 years old; Thomas died in 1997 and Georgine died a year later."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFlorida Ephemera Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Florida Ephemera Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection processed by Jessica Achberger; finding aid prepared by Jessica Achberger and Jeffrey Baumiller.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis collection was processed by both geographic area and subject matter. Materials related to a specific location within Florida were divided out, while materials related to Florida as a whole were separated into specific subject matter. All materials are foldered, with special attention being paid to newspaper clippings and delicate manuscript materials. Sheets of acid free paper were put between clippings, and some materials have been sleeved for preservation.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Collection processed by Jessica Achberger; finding aid prepared by Jessica Achberger and Jeffrey Baumiller.","This collection was processed by both geographic area and subject matter. Materials related to a specific location within Florida were divided out, while materials related to Florida as a whole were separated into specific subject matter. All materials are foldered, with special attention being paid to newspaper clippings and delicate manuscript materials. Sheets of acid free paper were put between clippings, and some materials have been sleeved for preservation."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOther materials collected by the Micklers are held in the University of Central Florida Libraries Special Collections and University Archives, and other collections provide information about Florida. For a complete list of collections please consult the \u003cextref href=\"http://library.ucf.edu/about/departments/special-collections-university-archives/\"\u003eSpecial Collections \u0026amp; University Archives\u003c/extref\u003e website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Other materials collected by the Micklers are held in the University of Central Florida Libraries Special Collections and University Archives, and other collections provide information about Florida. For a complete list of collections please consult the  Special Collections \u0026 University Archives  website."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Florida Ephemera Collection consists of materials about or produced in Florida collected by Thomas and Georgine Mickler through their mail-order business, Mickler's Antiquarian Books, as well as additional purchases made by the University of Central Florida Libraries Special Collections. These materials are all related in some way to Florida, either geographically or through the subject matter.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries I: Geographic Files, circa 1813-2007 contain tourism brochures, information on local historical societies, local business advertisements and newspaper clippings related to the different geographic areas of Florida, loosely divided into Central, North and South Florida. Some information may also be found in a Subject file; however, generally the Subject Files consist of information about Florida as a whole.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries II: Subject Files, 1831-2005 consist of booklets and brochures, newspaper and journal articles, business cards and advertisements, and periodicals related to Florida, arranged by subject alphabetically. Topics include Agricultural Literature, Arts and Humanities, Gardening Literature, History, Politics and Government, Real Estate and Development, State Parks and Historical Markers, Tourism, and Wildlife.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries III: Artifacts, Undated, 1971, contains larger items that pertain to geographical and subject files \nconcerning Florida. Included thus far are a cork mat depicting Bok Tower and a bottle commemorating \nthe Apollo 14 mission.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Florida Ephemera Collection consists of materials about or produced in Florida collected by Thomas and Georgine Mickler through their mail-order business, Mickler's Antiquarian Books, as well as additional purchases made by the University of Central Florida Libraries Special Collections. These materials are all related in some way to Florida, either geographically or through the subject matter.","\nSeries I: Geographic Files, circa 1813-2007 contain tourism brochures, information on local historical societies, local business advertisements and newspaper clippings related to the different geographic areas of Florida, loosely divided into Central, North and South Florida. Some information may also be found in a Subject file; however, generally the Subject Files consist of information about Florida as a whole.","\nSeries II: Subject Files, 1831-2005 consist of booklets and brochures, newspaper and journal articles, business cards and advertisements, and periodicals related to Florida, arranged by subject alphabetically. Topics include Agricultural Literature, Arts and Humanities, Gardening Literature, History, Politics and Government, Real Estate and Development, State Parks and Historical Markers, Tourism, and Wildlife.","Series III: Artifacts, Undated, 1971, contains larger items that pertain to geographical and subject files \nconcerning Florida. Included thus far are a cork mat depicting Bok Tower and a bottle commemorating \nthe Apollo 14 mission."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_64c3d62675ae88c59d40c8d1db049bf2\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Florida Ephemera Collection is a collection of brochures, advertisements and news clippings documenting the history of Florida. Although the collection includes information about Florida as a whole, it focuses on the Central Florida area, and Orlando in particular. The collection contains information about most aspects of life in Florida including business and industry, real estate and development, tourism and wildlife.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Florida Ephemera Collection is a collection of brochures, advertisements and news clippings documenting the history of Florida. Although the collection includes information about Florida as a whole, it focuses on the Central Florida area, and Orlando in particular. 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