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Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information.","This collection contains assorted over-sized illustrations, advertisements, and graphics.","None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information.","Map case 7, drawer 7","USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","English Spanish; Castilian"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-2023-08","/repositories/2/resources/629"],"normalized_date_ssm":["bulk 1869-1958"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Mostly Florida Broadsides and Ephemera, bulk 1869-1958"],"collection_title_tesim":["Mostly Florida Broadsides and Ephemera, bulk 1869-1958"],"collection_ssim":["Mostly Florida Broadsides and Ephemera, bulk 1869-1958"],"repository_ssm":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Cuba","Tampa (Fla.) -- Newspapers","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Florida -- Politics and government"],"geogname_ssim":["Cuba","Tampa (Fla.) -- Newspapers","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Florida -- Politics and government"],"places_ssim":["Cuba","Tampa (Fla.) -- Newspapers","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Florida -- Politics and government"],"access_terms_ssm":["None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1914-1918","World War, 1939-1945","Almanac.","Spanish Civil War, Spain, 1936-1939","Spanish-American War, 1898","Political campaigns -- United States"],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1914-1918","World War, 1939-1945","Almanac.","Spanish Civil War, Spain, 1936-1939","Spanish-American War, 1898","Political campaigns -- United States"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["9 folders"],"extent_tesim":["9 folders"],"date_range_isim":[1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone. 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This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions as well as acquisitions to the collection."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://digitalarchives.broward.org/digital/collection/p16146coll41\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eView a selection of digitized materials from the Tom Kobayashi Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Digital Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["View a selection of digitized materials from the Tom Kobayashi Collection in the Broward County Library Digital Archives."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Tom Kobayashi Collection contains black and white photographs 35 mm negatives circa 1907-1939 related to the life and family of Tomatsu \"Tom\" Kobayashi in the Yamato Japanese farming community of Boca Raton, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Tom Kobayashi Collection contains black and white photographs 35 mm negatives circa 1907-1939 related to the life and family of Tomatsu \"Tom\" Kobayashi in the Yamato Japanese farming community of Boca Raton, Florida."],"names_ssim":[" Broward County Historical Archives"],"corpname_ssim":[" Broward County Historical Archives"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":5,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1873196196077502464,"_root_":"54950ab7bb7ff0eb57065758","timestamp":"2026-08-11T03:31:41.788Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/54950ab7bb7ff0eb57065758_aspace_497735db8cf5a98f9ff67e7a35af4967"}},{"id":"7396a044337dbe9da96532a2_aspace_204932","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Mrs. Wilson Koontz Letters to Wilson Koontz, May-September 1944","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/7396a044337dbe9da96532a2_aspace_204932#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_204932","ref_ssm":["aspace_204932","aspace_204932"],"id":"7396a044337dbe9da96532a2_aspace_204932","title_filing_ssi":"Mrs. Wilson Koontz Letters to Wilson Koontz","title_ssm":["Mrs. Wilson Koontz Letters to Wilson Koontz"],"title_tesim":["Mrs. Wilson Koontz Letters to Wilson Koontz"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["May-September 1944"],"normalized_date_ssm":["May-September 1944"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Mrs. Wilson Koontz Letters to Wilson Koontz, May-September 1944"],"text":["Mrs. Wilson Koontz Letters to Wilson Koontz, May-September 1944","Wilson Averre Koontz collection, 1942-2016, Date acquired: 11/09/2016","002","/repositories/10/archival_objects/132602","16.0031 - Box 4","folder 002"],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ids_ssim":["7396a044337dbe9da96532a2"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Wilson Averre Koontz collection, 1942-2016, Date acquired: 11/09/2016"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Wilson Averre Koontz collection, 1942-2016, Date acquired: 11/09/2016"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"unitid_ssm":["002","/repositories/10/archival_objects/132602"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Wilson Averre Koontz collection, 1942-2016, Date acquired: 11/09/2016"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":17,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open to all researchers. Users may access this collection at the Claude Pepper Library."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"date_range_isim":[1044,1045,1046,1047,1048,1049,1050,1051,1052,1053,1054,1055,1056,1057,1058,1059,1060,1061,1062,1063,1064,1065,1066,1067,1068,1069,1070,1071,1072,1073,1074,1075,1076,1077,1078,1079,1080,1081,1082,1083,1084,1085,1086,1087,1088,1089,1090,1091,1092,1093,1094,1095,1096,1097,1098,1099,1100,1101,1102,1103,1104,1105,1106,1107,1108,1109,1110,1111,1112,1113,1114,1115,1116,1117,1118,1119,1120,1121,1122,1123,1124,1125,1126,1127,1128,1129,1130,1131,1132,1133,1134,1135,1136,1137,1138,1139,1140,1141,1142,1143,1144,1145,1146,1147,1148,1149,1150,1151,1152,1153,1154,1155,1156,1157,1158,1159,1160,1161,1162,1163,1164,1165,1166,1167,1168,1169,1170,1171,1172,1173,1174,1175,1176,1177,1178,1179,1180,1181,1182,1183,1184,1185,1186,1187,1188,1189,1190,1191,1192,1193,1194,1195,1196,1197,1198,1199,1200,1201,1202,1203,1204,1205,1206,1207,1208,1209,1210,1211,1212,1213,1214,1215,1216,1217,1218,1219,1220,1221,1222,1223,1224,1225,1226,1227,1228,1229,1230,1231,1232,1233,1234,1235,1236,1237,1238,1239,1240,1241,1242,1243,1244,1245,1246,1247,1248,1249,1250,1251,1252,1253,1254,1255,1256,1257,1258,1259,1260,1261,1262,1263,1264,1265,1266,1267,1268,1269,1270,1271,1272,1273,1274,1275,1276,1277,1278,1279,1280,1281,1282,1283,1284,1285,1286,1287,1288,1289,1290,1291,1292,1293,1294,1295,1296,1297,1298,1299,1300,1301,1302,1303,1304,1305,1306,1307,1308,1309,1310,1311,1312,1313,1314,1315,1316,1317,1318,1319,1320,1321,1322,1323,1324,1325,1326,1327,1328,1329,1330,1331,1332,1333,1334,1335,1336,1337,1338,1339,1340,1341,1342,1343,1344,1345,1346,1347,1348,1349,1350,1351,1352,1353,1354,1355,1356,1357,1358,1359,1360,1361,1362,1363,1364,1365,1366,1367,1368,1369,1370,1371,1372,1373,1374,1375,1376,1377,1378,1379,1380,1381,1382,1383,1384,1385,1386,1387,1388,1389,1390,1391,1392,1393,1394,1395,1396,1397,1398,1399,1400,1401,1402,1403,1404,1405,1406,1407,1408,1409,1410,1411,1412,1413,1414,1415,1416,1417,1418,1419,1420,1421,1422,1423,1424,1425,1426,1427,1428,1429,1430,1431,1432,1433,1434,1435,1436,1437,1438,1439,1440,1441,1442,1443,1444,1445,1446,1447,1448,1449,1450,1451,1452,1453,1454,1455,1456,1457,1458,1459,1460,1461,1462,1463,1464,1465,1466,1467,1468,1469,1470,1471,1472,1473,1474,1475,1476,1477,1478,1479,1480,1481,1482,1483,1484,1485,1486,1487,1488,1489,1490,1491,1492,1493,1494,1495,1496,1497,1498,1499,1500,1501,1502,1503,1504,1505,1506,1507,1508,1509,1510,1511,1512,1513,1514,1515,1516,1517,1518,1519,1520,1521,1522,1523,1524,1525,1526,1527,1528,1529,1530,1531,1532,1533,1534,1535,1536,1537,1538,1539,1540,1541,1542,1543,1544,1545,1546,1547,1548,1549,1550,1551,1552,1553,1554,1555,1556,1557,1558,1559,1560,1561,1562,1563,1564,1565,1566,1567,1568,1569,1570,1571,1572,1573,1574,1575,1576,1577,1578,1579,1580,1581,1582,1583,1584,1585,1586,1587,1588,1589,1590,1591,1592,1593,1594,1595,1596,1597,1598,1599,1600,1601,1602,1603,1604,1605,1606,1607,1608,1609,1610,1611,1612,1613,1614,1615,1616,1617,1618,1619,1620,1621,1622,1623,1624,1625,1626,1627,1628,1629,1630,1631,1632,1633,1634,1635,1636,1637,1638,1639,1640,1641,1642,1643,1644,1645,1646,1647,1648,1649,1650,1651,1652,1653,1654,1655,1656,1657,1658,1659,1660,1661,1662,1663,1664,1665,1666,1667,1668,1669,1670,1671,1672,1673,1674,1675,1676,1677,1678,1679,1680,1681,1682,1683,1684,1685,1686,1687,1688,1689,1690,1691,1692,1693,1694,1695,1696,1697,1698,1699,1700,1701,1702,1703,1704,1705,1706,1707,1708,1709,1710,1711,1712,1713,1714,1715,1716,1717,1718,1719,1720,1721,1722,1723,1724,1725,1726,1727,1728,1729,1730,1731,1732,1733,1734,1735,1736,1737,1738,1739,1740,1741,1742,1743,1744,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944],"containers_ssim":["16.0031 - Box 4","folder 002"],"_nest_path_":"/components#16","_nest_parent_":"7396a044337dbe9da96532a2","_root_":"7396a044337dbe9da96532a2","timestamp":"2026-04-21T14:28:17.452Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"7396a044337dbe9da96532a2","title_filing_ssi":"Koontz, Wilson Averre collection","title_ssm":["Wilson Averre Koontz collection"],"title_tesim":["Wilson Averre Koontz collection"],"ead_ssi":"7396a044337dbe9da96532a2","unitdate_ssm":["1942-2016","Date acquired: 11/09/2016"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1942-2016"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 11/09/2016"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["16.0031","/repositories/10/resources/907"],"text":["16.0031","/repositories/10/resources/907","Wilson Averre Koontz collection, 1942-2016, Date acquired: 11/09/2016","Marshall Islands","United States--Foreign relations--Marshall Islands.","United States. Marine Corps--Military life","Iwo Jima, Battle of, Japan, 1945","World War, 1939-1945--Pacific Area","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Pacific Ocean","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Pacific Area","World War, 1939-1945--Northern Mariana Islands--Tinian","Saipan, Battle of, Northern Mariana Islands, 1944","World War, 1939-1945","United States. Marine Corps. Marine Regiment, 14th--History.","This collection is open to all researchers. Users may access this collection at the Claude Pepper Library.","Wilson Averre Koontz was born on January 18, 1912 in Eunice, Louisiana. He served as a radio operator in the United States Marine Corps in the 1st Battalion, 14th Marine Regiment, 4th Marine Division.  Prior to his overseas experience, he trained in Quantico, Virginia, until he transferred to California and Hawaii to serve with the 1st Battalion, 14th Marine Regiment, 4th Marine Division in the Pacific campaign in the Marshall Islands, Saipan, Tinian, and Iwo Jima. After the war, he returned home to his wife and daughters until he eventually retired in Jacksonville, Florida. He passed away in 1989.","Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022.","This World War II collection documents the life of U.S. Marine Wilson Koontz in the Pacific Theater from 1941 to 1945, as well as the stories of his ancestry, children, and grandchildren. The collection is mainly comprised of personal papers, letters, and documents as well as a leather pouch and a scrapbook of the family's history. The scrapbook details his post-war experiences through various documents and writings from his daughter, as well as the lives of his descendants.","All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.","FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","United States. Marine Corps","United States. Marine Corps. Marine Division, 4th","Koontz, Christine Miller, 1949-","Koontz, Wilson Averre, 1912-1989","English"],"unitid_tesim":["16.0031","/repositories/10/resources/907"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1942-2016, Date acquired: 11/09/2016"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wilson Averre Koontz collection, 1942-2016, Date acquired: 11/09/2016"],"collection_title_tesim":["Wilson Averre Koontz collection, 1942-2016, Date acquired: 11/09/2016"],"collection_ssim":["Wilson Averre Koontz collection, 1942-2016, Date acquired: 11/09/2016"],"repository_ssm":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Marshall Islands"],"geogname_ssim":["Marshall Islands"],"creator_ssm":["Koontz, Christine Miller, 1949-","Koontz, Wilson Averre, 1912-1989"],"creator_ssim":["Koontz, Christine Miller, 1949-","Koontz, Wilson Averre, 1912-1989"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Koontz, Christine Miller, 1949-","Koontz, Wilson Averre, 1912-1989"],"creators_ssim":["Koontz, Christine Miller, 1949-","Koontz, Wilson Averre, 1912-1989"],"places_ssim":["Marshall Islands"],"access_terms_ssm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Christine Miller Koontz","Donated."],"access_subjects_ssim":["United States--Foreign relations--Marshall Islands.","United States. Marine Corps--Military life","Iwo Jima, Battle of, Japan, 1945","World War, 1939-1945--Pacific Area","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Pacific Ocean","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Pacific Area","World War, 1939-1945--Northern Mariana Islands--Tinian","Saipan, Battle of, Northern Mariana Islands, 1944","World War, 1939-1945","United States. Marine Corps. Marine Regiment, 14th--History."],"access_subjects_ssm":["United States--Foreign relations--Marshall Islands.","United States. Marine Corps--Military life","Iwo Jima, Battle of, Japan, 1945","World War, 1939-1945--Pacific Area","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Pacific Ocean","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Pacific Area","World War, 1939-1945--Northern Mariana Islands--Tinian","Saipan, Battle of, Northern Mariana Islands, 1944","World War, 1939-1945","United States. Marine Corps. Marine Regiment, 14th--History."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["9 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["9 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to all researchers. Users may access this collection at the Claude Pepper Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to all researchers. Users may access this collection at the Claude Pepper Library."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilson Averre Koontz was born on January 18, 1912 in Eunice, Louisiana. He served as a radio operator in the United States Marine Corps in the 1st Battalion, 14th Marine Regiment, 4th Marine Division.\u0026#xA0; Prior to his overseas experience, he trained in Quantico, Virginia, until he transferred to California and Hawaii to serve with the 1st Battalion, 14th Marine Regiment, 4th Marine Division in the Pacific campaign in the Marshall Islands, Saipan, Tinian, and Iwo Jima. After the war, he returned home to his wife and daughters until he eventually retired in Jacksonville, Florida. He passed away in 1989.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Wilson Averre Koontz was born on January 18, 1912 in Eunice, Louisiana. He served as a radio operator in the United States Marine Corps in the 1st Battalion, 14th Marine Regiment, 4th Marine Division.  Prior to his overseas experience, he trained in Quantico, Virginia, until he transferred to California and Hawaii to serve with the 1st Battalion, 14th Marine Regiment, 4th Marine Division in the Pacific campaign in the Marshall Islands, Saipan, Tinian, and Iwo Jima. After the war, he returned home to his wife and daughters until he eventually retired in Jacksonville, Florida. He passed away in 1989."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTransferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives in July 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], Wilson Averre Koontz collection, Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_16_0031\"\u003ehttp://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_16_0031\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], Wilson Averre Koontz collection, Special Collections \u0026 Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida.  http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_16_0031 ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis World War II collection documents the life of U.S. Marine Wilson Koontz in the Pacific Theater from 1941 to 1945, as well as the stories of his ancestry, children, and grandchildren. The collection is mainly comprised of personal papers, letters, and documents as well as a leather pouch and a scrapbook of the family's history. The scrapbook details his post-war experiences through various documents and writings from his daughter, as well as the lives of his descendants.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This World War II collection documents the life of U.S. Marine Wilson Koontz in the Pacific Theater from 1941 to 1945, as well as the stories of his ancestry, children, and grandchildren. The collection is mainly comprised of personal papers, letters, and documents as well as a leather pouch and a scrapbook of the family's history. The scrapbook details his post-war experiences through various documents and writings from his daughter, as well as the lives of his descendants."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Marine Corps","United States. Marine Corps. Marine Division, 4th"],"names_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","United States. Marine Corps","United States. Marine Corps. Marine Division, 4th","Koontz, Christine Miller, 1949-","Koontz, Wilson Averre, 1912-1989"],"corpname_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","United States. Marine Corps","United States. Marine Corps. Marine Division, 4th"],"persname_ssim":["Koontz, Christine Miller, 1949-","Koontz, Wilson Averre, 1912-1989"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":72,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"7396a044337dbe9da96532a2","timestamp":"2026-04-21T14:28:17.452Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/7396a044337dbe9da96532a2_aspace_204932"}},{"id":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_51261","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Mulford and Racine Foster Files, 1910-1991","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_51261#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I is divided into thirteen subseries by the various aspects of Mulford and Racine Foster's work. Correspondence is the first subseries and is arranged alphabetically either by author or subject. The letters cover both personal and business subjects. Publications by both Mulford and Racine Foster form the second subseries. The subseries begins with articles and news clippings mostly about Mulford Foster or with references to plants named by or for him followed by lists of some of his publications. The publications are then arranged in alphabetical order by title. Correspondence with publishers forms the next subseries and includes correspondence with anyone connected with the process of publishing including advice on spelling from the Brazilian Embassy. Materials are arranged alphabetically by the title of the publication or the author except for one folder of chronological correspondence. Plant Collecting holds collecting notebooks, botanical drawings, photographs and other materials relating to Foster's collecting trips arranged alphabetically by destination. Materials not related to a specific trip begin the subseries and are arranged in alphabetical order. Art contains drawings, photographs, programs and news clippings documenting Mulford Foster's own art and his interest in others' work arranged in alphabetical order. Nursery Business was selected as a suitable heading to describe the aspect of Mulford and Racine Foster's work that included growing, hybridizing and selling plants. Folders are arranged in alphabetical order. Mulford Foster described himself as a landscape architect so the Landscape Architecture subseries represents an important part of his work. Arranged alphabetically, this subseries includes information on such projects as Floating Islands in Leesburg, which was not completed and Marineland near St. Augustine. Before moving to Florida, Mulford Foster worked for the Davey Tree Company in Virginia and a small amount of materials relating to that period is held in a single folder. Similarly, Racine Foster operated a tea room at the Magnolia Avenue property and a small subseries provides information concerning the Latchstring Tea Room and other businesses on the property, such as, the Tropical Arts Studio. Both Mulford and Racine Foster were involved with bromeliad societies and the next subseries documents their interest. Arranged alphabetically, correspondence, newsletters and photographs show the activities of the societies. Rosettes celebrating the first Bromeliad Society Show dedicated to Mulford B. Foster in 1964 may be found under Florida West Coast. The Lectures subseries provides information about Mulford Foster's lectures including notes and a slide list For correspondence concerning arrangements for the lectures, please see the the Correspondence subseries. Plant Information holds research files and photographs arranged in alphabetical order. Foster collected material on an variety of plants though information about bromeliads predominates. Finally, the Personal Information subseries holds personal materials concerning Mulford and Racine Foster and their families and materials that were not readily accommodated in any other subseries. Legal documents, memorabilia, diaries, certificates, news clippings, photographs, biographical information and other similar materials may be found here arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_51261#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_51261","ref_ssm":["aspace_51261","aspace_51261"],"id":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_51261","title_filing_ssi":"Mulford and Racine Foster Files","title_ssm":["Mulford and Racine Foster Files"],"title_tesim":["Mulford and Racine Foster Files"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1910-1991"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1910-1991"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Mulford and Racine Foster Files, 1910-1991"],"text":["Mulford and Racine Foster Files, 1910-1991","Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014","Series 1","/repositories/4/archival_objects/32158","Mulford B. Foster was born on 26th December 1888 in Elmer N. J. He completed business college and worked at a bank and on his father's newspaper. Mulford Foster first visited Florida in 1912 and was fascinated by Spanish Moss; he moved to Florida in 1923 and learned that Spanish Moss is a bromeliad. This discovery fired his interest in bromeliads although he also collected amaryllids, cacti, orchids, palms and other tropical plants. Mulford Foster made collecting trips to Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela, Jamaica, Mexico and other South American and Caribbean countries. In the course of his travels, he discovered new species many of which are named for him or family members, such as, Zephranthes Fosterii or Amaryllis Fosterii. As well as plant collecting, he worked as a landscape gardener and hybridized and sold plants. He was a founding member of the Bromeliad Society, and supported plant journals and alternative societies. Mulford Foster married twice; his first wife, Fridel, was the mother of his children Bert, Gerda, Miriam O'Neill and Jeanne Eunice Smith. Racine Sarasy became his second wife and she was completely involved in all aspects of the business of collecting, caring for and selling plants. She made specimens, took photographs, edited the Bromeliad Journal and wrote articles. Racine was born on 1st March 1910 in Janesville, Wisconsin. She initially studied music at Lawrence College Conservatory of Music in Appleton, Wisconsin, then comparative literature at the University of Wisconsin. Though she did not graduate, Racine became a private tutor, and the work eventually took her to Florida where she met Mulford. Racine Foster finally completed her degree by graduating from Rollins College with a BA in English in 1953 and an MA in Teaching in 1963. She taught in Orange County schools as a substitute teacher throughout the 1960s. Mulford and Racine Foster lived at 718 Magnolia Avenue in Orlando from 1945 until 1959 when they moved to Bromel-La. Mulford Foster died on August 28th 1978 and Racine Foster died in 1991.","Series I is divided into thirteen subseries by the various aspects of Mulford and Racine Foster's work. Correspondence is the first subseries and is arranged alphabetically either by author or subject. The letters cover both personal and business subjects. Publications by both Mulford and Racine Foster form the second subseries. The subseries begins with articles and news clippings mostly about Mulford Foster or with references to plants named by or for him followed by lists of some of his publications. The publications are then arranged in alphabetical order by title.\nCorrespondence with publishers forms the next subseries and includes correspondence with anyone connected with the process of publishing including advice on spelling from the Brazilian Embassy. Materials are arranged alphabetically by the title of the publication or the author except for one folder of chronological correspondence.\nPlant Collecting holds collecting notebooks, botanical drawings, photographs and other materials relating to Foster's collecting trips arranged alphabetically by destination. Materials not related to a specific trip begin the subseries and are arranged in alphabetical order. Art contains drawings, photographs, programs and news clippings documenting Mulford Foster's own art and his interest in others' work arranged in alphabetical order. Nursery Business was selected as a suitable heading to describe the aspect of Mulford and Racine Foster's work that included growing, hybridizing and selling plants. Folders are arranged in alphabetical order. Mulford Foster described himself as a landscape architect so the Landscape Architecture subseries represents an important part of his work. Arranged alphabetically, this subseries includes information on such projects as Floating Islands in Leesburg, which was not completed and Marineland near St. Augustine.\nBefore moving to Florida, Mulford Foster worked for the Davey Tree Company in Virginia and a small amount of materials relating to that period is held in a single folder. Similarly, Racine Foster operated a tea room at the Magnolia Avenue property and a small subseries provides information concerning the Latchstring Tea Room and other businesses on the property, such as, the Tropical Arts Studio. Both Mulford and Racine Foster were involved with bromeliad societies and the next subseries documents their interest. Arranged alphabetically, correspondence, newsletters and photographs show the activities of the societies. Rosettes celebrating the first Bromeliad Society Show dedicated to Mulford B. Foster in 1964 may be found under Florida West Coast. The Lectures subseries provides information about Mulford Foster's lectures including notes and a slide list For correspondence concerning arrangements for the lectures, please see the the Correspondence subseries.\nPlant Information holds research files and photographs arranged in alphabetical order. Foster collected material on an variety of plants though information about bromeliads predominates. Finally, the Personal Information subseries holds personal materials concerning Mulford and Racine Foster and their families and materials that were not readily accommodated in any other subseries. Legal documents, memorabilia, diaries, certificates, news clippings, photographs, biographical information and other similar materials may be found here arranged alphabetically."],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ids_ssim":["4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Series 1","/repositories/4/archival_objects/32158"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":14,"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"sort_isi":1,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The entire collection is open for research except for the following:\n\n  Boxes 180-181: Personal correspondence\n  Boxes 213-214: Manuscript of \"Brazil: Orchid of the Tropics\"\n"],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder."],"date_range_isim":[1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMulford B. Foster was born on 26th December 1888 in Elmer N. J. He completed business college and worked at a bank and on his father's newspaper. Mulford Foster first visited Florida in 1912 and was fascinated by Spanish Moss; he moved to Florida in 1923 and learned that Spanish Moss is a bromeliad. This discovery fired his interest in bromeliads although he also collected amaryllids, cacti, orchids, palms and other tropical plants. Mulford Foster made collecting trips to Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela, Jamaica, Mexico and other South American and Caribbean countries. In the course of his travels, he discovered new species many of which are named for him or family members, such as, Zephranthes Fosterii or Amaryllis Fosterii. As well as plant collecting, he worked as a landscape gardener and hybridized and sold plants. He was a founding member of the Bromeliad Society, and supported plant journals and alternative societies. Mulford Foster married twice; his first wife, Fridel, was the mother of his children Bert, Gerda, Miriam O'Neill and Jeanne Eunice Smith. Racine Sarasy became his second wife and she was completely involved in all aspects of the business of collecting, caring for and selling plants. She made specimens, took photographs, edited the Bromeliad Journal and wrote articles. Racine was born on 1st March 1910 in Janesville, Wisconsin. She initially studied music at Lawrence College Conservatory of Music in Appleton, Wisconsin, then comparative literature at the University of Wisconsin. Though she did not graduate, Racine became a private tutor, and the work eventually took her to Florida where she met Mulford. Racine Foster finally completed her degree by graduating from Rollins College with a BA in English in 1953 and an MA in Teaching in 1963. She taught in Orange County schools as a substitute teacher throughout the 1960s. Mulford and Racine Foster lived at 718 Magnolia Avenue in Orlando from 1945 until 1959 when they moved to Bromel-La. Mulford Foster died on August 28th 1978 and Racine Foster died in 1991.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mulford B. Foster was born on 26th December 1888 in Elmer N. J. He completed business college and worked at a bank and on his father's newspaper. Mulford Foster first visited Florida in 1912 and was fascinated by Spanish Moss; he moved to Florida in 1923 and learned that Spanish Moss is a bromeliad. This discovery fired his interest in bromeliads although he also collected amaryllids, cacti, orchids, palms and other tropical plants. Mulford Foster made collecting trips to Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela, Jamaica, Mexico and other South American and Caribbean countries. In the course of his travels, he discovered new species many of which are named for him or family members, such as, Zephranthes Fosterii or Amaryllis Fosterii. As well as plant collecting, he worked as a landscape gardener and hybridized and sold plants. He was a founding member of the Bromeliad Society, and supported plant journals and alternative societies. Mulford Foster married twice; his first wife, Fridel, was the mother of his children Bert, Gerda, Miriam O'Neill and Jeanne Eunice Smith. Racine Sarasy became his second wife and she was completely involved in all aspects of the business of collecting, caring for and selling plants. She made specimens, took photographs, edited the Bromeliad Journal and wrote articles. Racine was born on 1st March 1910 in Janesville, Wisconsin. She initially studied music at Lawrence College Conservatory of Music in Appleton, Wisconsin, then comparative literature at the University of Wisconsin. Though she did not graduate, Racine became a private tutor, and the work eventually took her to Florida where she met Mulford. Racine Foster finally completed her degree by graduating from Rollins College with a BA in English in 1953 and an MA in Teaching in 1963. She taught in Orange County schools as a substitute teacher throughout the 1960s. Mulford and Racine Foster lived at 718 Magnolia Avenue in Orlando from 1945 until 1959 when they moved to Bromel-La. Mulford Foster died on August 28th 1978 and Racine Foster died in 1991."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I is divided into thirteen subseries by the various aspects of Mulford and Racine Foster's work. Correspondence is the first subseries and is arranged alphabetically either by author or subject. The letters cover both personal and business subjects. Publications by both Mulford and Racine Foster form the second subseries. The subseries begins with articles and news clippings mostly about Mulford Foster or with references to plants named by or for him followed by lists of some of his publications. The publications are then arranged in alphabetical order by title.\nCorrespondence with publishers forms the next subseries and includes correspondence with anyone connected with the process of publishing including advice on spelling from the Brazilian Embassy. Materials are arranged alphabetically by the title of the publication or the author except for one folder of chronological correspondence.\nPlant Collecting holds collecting notebooks, botanical drawings, photographs and other materials relating to Foster's collecting trips arranged alphabetically by destination. Materials not related to a specific trip begin the subseries and are arranged in alphabetical order. Art contains drawings, photographs, programs and news clippings documenting Mulford Foster's own art and his interest in others' work arranged in alphabetical order. Nursery Business was selected as a suitable heading to describe the aspect of Mulford and Racine Foster's work that included growing, hybridizing and selling plants. Folders are arranged in alphabetical order. Mulford Foster described himself as a landscape architect so the Landscape Architecture subseries represents an important part of his work. Arranged alphabetically, this subseries includes information on such projects as Floating Islands in Leesburg, which was not completed and Marineland near St. Augustine.\nBefore moving to Florida, Mulford Foster worked for the Davey Tree Company in Virginia and a small amount of materials relating to that period is held in a single folder. Similarly, Racine Foster operated a tea room at the Magnolia Avenue property and a small subseries provides information concerning the Latchstring Tea Room and other businesses on the property, such as, the Tropical Arts Studio. Both Mulford and Racine Foster were involved with bromeliad societies and the next subseries documents their interest. Arranged alphabetically, correspondence, newsletters and photographs show the activities of the societies. Rosettes celebrating the first Bromeliad Society Show dedicated to Mulford B. Foster in 1964 may be found under Florida West Coast. The Lectures subseries provides information about Mulford Foster's lectures including notes and a slide list For correspondence concerning arrangements for the lectures, please see the the Correspondence subseries.\nPlant Information holds research files and photographs arranged in alphabetical order. Foster collected material on an variety of plants though information about bromeliads predominates. Finally, the Personal Information subseries holds personal materials concerning Mulford and Racine Foster and their families and materials that were not readily accommodated in any other subseries. Legal documents, memorabilia, diaries, certificates, news clippings, photographs, biographical information and other similar materials may be found here arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Series I is divided into thirteen subseries by the various aspects of Mulford and Racine Foster's work. Correspondence is the first subseries and is arranged alphabetically either by author or subject. The letters cover both personal and business subjects. Publications by both Mulford and Racine Foster form the second subseries. The subseries begins with articles and news clippings mostly about Mulford Foster or with references to plants named by or for him followed by lists of some of his publications. The publications are then arranged in alphabetical order by title.\nCorrespondence with publishers forms the next subseries and includes correspondence with anyone connected with the process of publishing including advice on spelling from the Brazilian Embassy. Materials are arranged alphabetically by the title of the publication or the author except for one folder of chronological correspondence.\nPlant Collecting holds collecting notebooks, botanical drawings, photographs and other materials relating to Foster's collecting trips arranged alphabetically by destination. Materials not related to a specific trip begin the subseries and are arranged in alphabetical order. Art contains drawings, photographs, programs and news clippings documenting Mulford Foster's own art and his interest in others' work arranged in alphabetical order. Nursery Business was selected as a suitable heading to describe the aspect of Mulford and Racine Foster's work that included growing, hybridizing and selling plants. Folders are arranged in alphabetical order. Mulford Foster described himself as a landscape architect so the Landscape Architecture subseries represents an important part of his work. Arranged alphabetically, this subseries includes information on such projects as Floating Islands in Leesburg, which was not completed and Marineland near St. Augustine.\nBefore moving to Florida, Mulford Foster worked for the Davey Tree Company in Virginia and a small amount of materials relating to that period is held in a single folder. Similarly, Racine Foster operated a tea room at the Magnolia Avenue property and a small subseries provides information concerning the Latchstring Tea Room and other businesses on the property, such as, the Tropical Arts Studio. Both Mulford and Racine Foster were involved with bromeliad societies and the next subseries documents their interest. Arranged alphabetically, correspondence, newsletters and photographs show the activities of the societies. Rosettes celebrating the first Bromeliad Society Show dedicated to Mulford B. Foster in 1964 may be found under Florida West Coast. The Lectures subseries provides information about Mulford Foster's lectures including notes and a slide list For correspondence concerning arrangements for the lectures, please see the the Correspondence subseries.\nPlant Information holds research files and photographs arranged in alphabetical order. Foster collected material on an variety of plants though information about bromeliads predominates. Finally, the Personal Information subseries holds personal materials concerning Mulford and Racine Foster and their families and materials that were not readily accommodated in any other subseries. Legal documents, memorabilia, diaries, certificates, news clippings, photographs, biographical information and other similar materials may be found here arranged alphabetically."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0","_nest_parent_":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","_root_":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","timestamp":"2026-07-11T02:53:59.490Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","title_ssm":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection"],"title_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection"],"ead_ssi":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","unitdate_ssm":["1754-2014"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1754-2014"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 068","/repositories/4/resources/148"],"text":["SC 068","/repositories/4/resources/148","Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014","Marineland (Fla.)","Botany","Botany -- Brazil","Bromeliaceae","Bromelin","Cooking (Pineapples)","Pineapple","Plant hybridization","botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)","The entire collection is open for research except for the following:\n Boxes 180-181: Personal correspondence Boxes 213-214: Manuscript of \"Brazil: Orchid of the Tropics\"","The collection is divided into eight series by type of file.","Michael A. Spencer was born in Orlando and grew up in Winter Garden, Florida. He worked at Sand Hill Nursery near Lake Avalon and the Land of Bromeliads in Gotha before finding employment with Julian Nally. After the Nally estate was sold, Spencer worked for Racine Foster at Bromel-La. He graduated from UCF in 1990 summa cum laude with a BA in Liberal Studies and then found employment with Lyman B. Smith at the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History. Michael Spencer named a genus of bromeliads \"Racinaea\" in honor of Racine Foster. While engaged in his research, Spencer amassed this collection of materials concerning bromeliads and their collectors. He now lives in Frederick, Maryland where he has served on the Historic Preservation Commission since 2004.","Materials were rehoused in pH neutral folders and cartons. Photographs, negatives and slides were enclosed in polyester sleeves. Many of the materials were well organized and the arrangement was retained. The remainder were arranged by following the original arrangement as far as possible. Notes on folders were retained in the new folder. Paper clips were replaced with plastic clips or materials that belonged together were held together in a pH neutral paper sleeve. Loose-leaf notebooks that were badly rusted were discarded and the contents placed in folders. Items loose in the back of notebooks were foldered separately and marked accordingly. Notes from a film canister were written exactly as found as the label could not be removed. Albums falling apart were taken apart and foldered. Albums in reasonable condition had the photographs attached properly with corners and the pages interleaved to prevent sticking. Loose album pages in the Foster subseries on Plant Information were merely foldered as they were not in an album and were found without context. Collecion rehoused and finding aid revised by Chynna Thomas in 2023.","A large book collection accompanies this collection and may be accessed by performing a series search \"Michael A. Spencer Collection\" in the UCF Library  Online Catalog .  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Julian Nally ,  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Theodore Mead ,  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Henry Nehrling  and the  Henry Nehrling Papers  are also available in Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries. Some paintings by Mulford Foster are held at the  Harry P. Leu Gardens . The  Henry Nehrling Collection  and the  Theodore L. Mead Collection  are held at Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida. Lyman Smith's Papers are held at the  Smithsonian Institution Archives .","Series I: Mulford and Racine Foster Files, 1910-1991 documents the work of these two individuals in discovering and propagating bromeliads. Correspondence, publications, notebooks, drawings, research materials, memorabilia and photographs show all aspects of their work including plant collecting, landscape designing and publishing. Photographs may be black and white or color prints, negatives or slides. Additional materials about the Fosters may be found in Series II and III.","\nSeries II: Subject Files, 1880-2003 contains catalogues, journals, photographs, memorabilia and correspondence that Michael Spencer brought together under his chosen subject headings and arranged alphabetically. Many of the materials in this series originally came from Mulford and Racine Foster, which means that there is some overlap with the previous series. Spencer's own collecting interest lay in documenting the importance of bromeliads in society, and he collected many common items that showed bromeliads, especially pineapples.","\nSeries III: Author Files, 1754-1997 includes a variety of media used for research, such as articles, books, magazines, newspaper clippings, and photographs. There are a significant number of materials authored by Mulford and Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith, including original manuscripts.","\nSeries IV: Plants by Family Files, 1908-1990 contains alphabetical files on plant families, which include newspaper clippings, books and other research materials.","\nSeries V: Natural History Files, 1853-1997 holds alphabetical files on a wide range of natural history topics including plant societies, authors, drugs and diseases. The files contain published materials, photocopies, web resources, plant and geological samples that document's Michael's Spencer's considerable research interests.","\nSeries VI: Medicinal Files, 1988-1996 contains alphabetical files on diseases and therapies. Not all these files relate to plants though many of them concern natural therapies.","\nSeries VII: Lyman Smith Files: 1905-1994 holds alphabetical files that belonged to Lyman B. Smith. His notebooks, manscripts, teaching materials and correspondence may all be found here.","\nSeries VIII: Personal Files, 1863-2014 contains alphabetical files showing Spencer's interest in collecting books and his wide interests. Materials that do not clearly belong in the other series may be found here.","Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder.","Michael A. Spencer assembled this collection of publications, photographs, drawings, correspondence programs and other materials focusing on the discovery, taxonomy and cultivation of bromeliads. Mulford B. Foster, Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith are among the significant bromeliad collectors whose work is documented here.","UCF Special Collections","Bromeliad Society","Spencer, Michael A.","Smith, Lyman B.","Foster, Mulford B. (Mulford Bateman), 1888-1978","Foster, Racine, 1910-1991","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 068","/repositories/4/resources/148"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1754-2014"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014"],"collection_title_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014"],"collection_ssim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, 1754-2014"],"repository_ssm":["UCF Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Marineland (Fla.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Marineland (Fla.)"],"creator_ssm":["Spencer, Michael A."],"creator_ssim":["Spencer, Michael A."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Spencer, Michael A."],"creators_ssim":["Spencer, Michael A."],"places_ssim":["Marineland (Fla.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Some of these materials were donated to and others were purchased by the University of Central Florida Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives from Michael A. Spencer in 2006 (CFM2006_09), 2011 (CFM2011_02), 2012 (CFM2012_10), and 2014 (CFM2014_01)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Botany","Botany -- Brazil","Bromeliaceae","Bromelin","Cooking (Pineapples)","Pineapple","Plant hybridization","botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Botany","Botany -- Brazil","Bromeliaceae","Bromelin","Cooking (Pineapples)","Pineapple","Plant hybridization","botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["130 Linear Feet 259 boxes, 2 flat files"],"extent_tesim":["130 Linear Feet 259 boxes, 2 flat files"],"genreform_ssim":["botanical illustrations","negatives (photographs)","Photographic prints","slides (photographs)"],"date_range_isim":[1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is open for research except for the following:\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eBoxes 180-181: Personal correspondence\u003c/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eBoxes 213-214: Manuscript of \"Brazil: Orchid of the Tropics\"\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The entire collection is open for research except for the following:\n Boxes 180-181: Personal correspondence Boxes 213-214: Manuscript of \"Brazil: Orchid of the Tropics\""],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into eight series by type of file.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into eight series by type of file."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMichael A. Spencer was born in Orlando and grew up in Winter Garden, Florida. He worked at Sand Hill Nursery near Lake Avalon and the Land of Bromeliads in Gotha before finding employment with Julian Nally. After the Nally estate was sold, Spencer worked for Racine Foster at Bromel-La. He graduated from UCF in 1990 summa cum laude with a BA in Liberal Studies and then found employment with Lyman B. Smith at the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History. Michael Spencer named a genus of bromeliads \"Racinaea\" in honor of Racine Foster. While engaged in his research, Spencer amassed this collection of materials concerning bromeliads and their collectors. He now lives in Frederick, Maryland where he has served on the Historic Preservation Commission since 2004.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer was born in Orlando and grew up in Winter Garden, Florida. He worked at Sand Hill Nursery near Lake Avalon and the Land of Bromeliads in Gotha before finding employment with Julian Nally. After the Nally estate was sold, Spencer worked for Racine Foster at Bromel-La. He graduated from UCF in 1990 summa cum laude with a BA in Liberal Studies and then found employment with Lyman B. Smith at the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History. Michael Spencer named a genus of bromeliads \"Racinaea\" in honor of Racine Foster. While engaged in his research, Spencer amassed this collection of materials concerning bromeliads and their collectors. He now lives in Frederick, Maryland where he has served on the Historic Preservation Commission since 2004."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMichael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer Bromeliad Research Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials were rehoused in pH neutral folders and cartons. Photographs, negatives and slides were enclosed in polyester sleeves. Many of the materials were well organized and the arrangement was retained. The remainder were arranged by following the original arrangement as far as possible. Notes on folders were retained in the new folder. Paper clips were replaced with plastic clips or materials that belonged together were held together in a pH neutral paper sleeve. Loose-leaf notebooks that were badly rusted were discarded and the contents placed in folders. Items loose in the back of notebooks were foldered separately and marked accordingly. Notes from a film canister were written exactly as found as the label could not be removed. Albums falling apart were taken apart and foldered. Albums in reasonable condition had the photographs attached properly with corners and the pages interleaved to prevent sticking. Loose album pages in the Foster subseries on Plant Information were merely foldered as they were not in an album and were found without context. Collecion rehoused and finding aid revised by Chynna Thomas in 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Materials were rehoused in pH neutral folders and cartons. Photographs, negatives and slides were enclosed in polyester sleeves. Many of the materials were well organized and the arrangement was retained. The remainder were arranged by following the original arrangement as far as possible. Notes on folders were retained in the new folder. Paper clips were replaced with plastic clips or materials that belonged together were held together in a pH neutral paper sleeve. Loose-leaf notebooks that were badly rusted were discarded and the contents placed in folders. Items loose in the back of notebooks were foldered separately and marked accordingly. Notes from a film canister were written exactly as found as the label could not be removed. Albums falling apart were taken apart and foldered. Albums in reasonable condition had the photographs attached properly with corners and the pages interleaved to prevent sticking. Loose album pages in the Foster subseries on Plant Information were merely foldered as they were not in an album and were found without context. Collecion rehoused and finding aid revised by Chynna Thomas in 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA large book collection accompanies this collection and may be accessed by performing a series search \"Michael A. Spencer Collection\" in the UCF Library \u003cextref href=\"https://library.ucf.edu\"\u003eOnline Catalog\u003c/extref\u003e. \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2006-08c\"\u003eMichael A. Spencer Collection on Julian Nally\u003c/extref\u003e, \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2006-08b\"\u003eMichael A. Spencer Collection on Theodore Mead\u003c/extref\u003e, \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2006-08a\"\u003eMichael A. Spencer Collection on Henry Nehrling\u003c/extref\u003e and the \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM1999-03\"\u003eHenry Nehrling Papers\u003c/extref\u003e are also available in Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries. Some paintings by Mulford Foster are held at the \u003cextref href=\"http://www.leugardens.org/\"\u003eHarry P. Leu Gardens\u003c/extref\u003e. The \u003cextref href=\"https://aspace.rollins.edu/repositories/2/resources/4\"\u003eHenry Nehrling Collection\u003c/extref\u003e and the \u003cextref href=\"https://aspace.rollins.edu/repositories/2/resources/97\"\u003eTheodore L. Mead Collection\u003c/extref\u003e are held at Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida. Lyman Smith's Papers are held at the \u003cextref href=\"http://siarchives.si.edu/\"\u003eSmithsonian Institution Archives\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["A large book collection accompanies this collection and may be accessed by performing a series search \"Michael A. Spencer Collection\" in the UCF Library  Online Catalog .  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Julian Nally ,  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Theodore Mead ,  Michael A. Spencer Collection on Henry Nehrling  and the  Henry Nehrling Papers  are also available in Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries. Some paintings by Mulford Foster are held at the  Harry P. Leu Gardens . The  Henry Nehrling Collection  and the  Theodore L. Mead Collection  are held at Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida. Lyman Smith's Papers are held at the  Smithsonian Institution Archives ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Mulford and Racine Foster Files, 1910-1991 documents the work of these two individuals in discovering and propagating bromeliads. Correspondence, publications, notebooks, drawings, research materials, memorabilia and photographs show all aspects of their work including plant collecting, landscape designing and publishing. Photographs may be black and white or color prints, negatives or slides. Additional materials about the Fosters may be found in Series II and III.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries II: Subject Files, 1880-2003 contains catalogues, journals, photographs, memorabilia and correspondence that Michael Spencer brought together under his chosen subject headings and arranged alphabetically. Many of the materials in this series originally came from Mulford and Racine Foster, which means that there is some overlap with the previous series. Spencer's own collecting interest lay in documenting the importance of bromeliads in society, and he collected many common items that showed bromeliads, especially pineapples.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries III: Author Files, 1754-1997 includes a variety of media used for research, such as articles, books, magazines, newspaper clippings, and photographs. There are a significant number of materials authored by Mulford and Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith, including original manuscripts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries IV: Plants by Family Files, 1908-1990 contains alphabetical files on plant families, which include newspaper clippings, books and other research materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries V: Natural History Files, 1853-1997 holds alphabetical files on a wide range of natural history topics including plant societies, authors, drugs and diseases. The files contain published materials, photocopies, web resources, plant and geological samples that document's Michael's Spencer's considerable research interests.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VI: Medicinal Files, 1988-1996 contains alphabetical files on diseases and therapies. Not all these files relate to plants though many of them concern natural therapies.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VII: Lyman Smith Files: 1905-1994 holds alphabetical files that belonged to Lyman B. Smith. His notebooks, manscripts, teaching materials and correspondence may all be found here.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries VIII: Personal Files, 1863-2014 contains alphabetical files showing Spencer's interest in collecting books and his wide interests. Materials that do not clearly belong in the other series may be found here.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Series I: Mulford and Racine Foster Files, 1910-1991 documents the work of these two individuals in discovering and propagating bromeliads. Correspondence, publications, notebooks, drawings, research materials, memorabilia and photographs show all aspects of their work including plant collecting, landscape designing and publishing. Photographs may be black and white or color prints, negatives or slides. Additional materials about the Fosters may be found in Series II and III.","\nSeries II: Subject Files, 1880-2003 contains catalogues, journals, photographs, memorabilia and correspondence that Michael Spencer brought together under his chosen subject headings and arranged alphabetically. Many of the materials in this series originally came from Mulford and Racine Foster, which means that there is some overlap with the previous series. Spencer's own collecting interest lay in documenting the importance of bromeliads in society, and he collected many common items that showed bromeliads, especially pineapples.","\nSeries III: Author Files, 1754-1997 includes a variety of media used for research, such as articles, books, magazines, newspaper clippings, and photographs. There are a significant number of materials authored by Mulford and Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith, including original manuscripts.","\nSeries IV: Plants by Family Files, 1908-1990 contains alphabetical files on plant families, which include newspaper clippings, books and other research materials.","\nSeries V: Natural History Files, 1853-1997 holds alphabetical files on a wide range of natural history topics including plant societies, authors, drugs and diseases. The files contain published materials, photocopies, web resources, plant and geological samples that document's Michael's Spencer's considerable research interests.","\nSeries VI: Medicinal Files, 1988-1996 contains alphabetical files on diseases and therapies. Not all these files relate to plants though many of them concern natural therapies.","\nSeries VII: Lyman Smith Files: 1905-1994 holds alphabetical files that belonged to Lyman B. Smith. His notebooks, manscripts, teaching materials and correspondence may all be found here.","\nSeries VIII: Personal Files, 1863-2014 contains alphabetical files showing Spencer's interest in collecting books and his wide interests. Materials that do not clearly belong in the other series may be found here."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Copyright Statement"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository, donor and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_8e33310d6b1a70e4d88f1e2d3043cf71\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eMichael A. Spencer assembled this collection of publications, photographs, drawings, correspondence programs and other materials focusing on the discovery, taxonomy and cultivation of bromeliads. Mulford B. Foster, Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith are among the significant bromeliad collectors whose work is documented here.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Michael A. Spencer assembled this collection of publications, photographs, drawings, correspondence programs and other materials focusing on the discovery, taxonomy and cultivation of bromeliads. Mulford B. Foster, Racine Foster and Lyman B. Smith are among the significant bromeliad collectors whose work is documented here."],"names_coll_ssim":["Bromeliad Society","Smith, Lyman B.","Foster, Mulford B. (Mulford Bateman), 1888-1978","Foster, Racine, 1910-1991"],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Bromeliad Society","Spencer, Michael A.","Smith, Lyman B.","Foster, Mulford B. (Mulford Bateman), 1888-1978","Foster, Racine, 1910-1991"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Bromeliad Society"],"persname_ssim":["Spencer, Michael A.","Smith, Lyman B.","Foster, Mulford B. (Mulford Bateman), 1888-1978","Foster, Racine, 1910-1991"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3662,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2","timestamp":"2026-07-11T02:53:59.490Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/4674dbbf638dff3316591cb2_aspace_51261"}},{"id":"df5f33ab57ee6e767c26a104_aspace_86f548822bc567614ee3fb8b42512a6c","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Municipal and Commercial History, 1836-1957","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/df5f33ab57ee6e767c26a104_aspace_86f548822bc567614ee3fb8b42512a6c#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_86f548822bc567614ee3fb8b42512a6c","ref_ssm":["aspace_86f548822bc567614ee3fb8b42512a6c","aspace_86f548822bc567614ee3fb8b42512a6c"],"id":"df5f33ab57ee6e767c26a104_aspace_86f548822bc567614ee3fb8b42512a6c","title_filing_ssi":"Municipal and Commercial History ","title_ssm":["Municipal and Commercial History "],"title_tesim":["Municipal and Commercial History "],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1836-1957"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1836-1957"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Municipal and Commercial History, 1836-1957"],"text":["Municipal and Commercial History, 1836-1957","Cienfuegos Collection, 1819-1991","Box 1","Folder 2","/repositories/2/archival_objects/79277","Spanish; Castilian English","box 1","folder 2"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["df5f33ab57ee6e767c26a104","df5f33ab57ee6e767c26a104_aspace_9b35122996c28a3e508873907c342910"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Cienfuegos Collection, 1819-1991","Box 1"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Cienfuegos Collection, 1819-1991","Box 1"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Other level"],"unitid_ssm":["Folder 2","/repositories/2/archival_objects/79277"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Cienfuegos Collection, 1819-1991"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":3,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact Special Collections \u0026 University Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The Cienfuegos Collection is owned by Florida International University.  This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"date_range_isim":[1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957],"language_ssim":["Spanish; Castilian English"],"containers_ssim":["box 1","folder 2"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#1","_nest_parent_":"df5f33ab57ee6e767c26a104_aspace_9b35122996c28a3e508873907c342910","_root_":"df5f33ab57ee6e767c26a104","_version_":1870844445591601152,"timestamp":"2026-07-16T04:31:37.751Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"df5f33ab57ee6e767c26a104","title_ssm":["Cienfuegos Collection"],"title_tesim":["Cienfuegos Collection"],"ead_ssi":"df5f33ab57ee6e767c26a104","unitdate_ssm":["1819-1991"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1819-1991"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SPC9010","/repositories/2/resources/115"],"text":["SPC9010","/repositories/2/resources/115","Cienfuegos Collection, 1819-1991","Cuba","postcards","Newspaper","Maps","Magazine","Photographs","This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact Special Collections \u0026 University Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials.","Cienfuegos, Cuba was founded in 1819 by French colonists, then deemed Fernandina de Jagua for King Ferdinand VII of Spain and Chief Jagua by early Spanish conquistadors. Cienfuegos, being a port city, became a center of the growing trade of crops such as coffee, sugarcane, and tobacco, as well as serving as a hub for Cuba's shrimp industry. The city's commercial success coincided with Cuba's sugar boom, making Cienfuegos one of the country's most economically important cities. The city later became a key industrial center in the mid-20th century, following the city's revolt against Fulgencio Batista y Zaldivar, former elected president of Cuba and military dictator who was overthrown during the Cuban Revolution. The aftermath of the Revolution ushered forth a new age of development in Cienfuegos. It now houses a UNESCO World Heritage Site in its city center, designated so in 2005 for its model of mordern Spanish American urbanism, and the integrity with which the original historical structures have been preserved and further maintained in newer developments.","The materials in this collection gather resources to aid in the research of the commercial, eclesiastical, economic, and geographical history of Cienfuegos, Cuba, as well as featuring texts on important figures and locations. It includes full texts and editions of regional newspapers, as well as the more intimate look at sketches, blueprints, seals, and correspondence, postcards, and business cards.","The Cienfuegos Collection is owned by Florida International University.  This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general","FIU Special Collections","English Spanish; Castilian"],"unitid_tesim":["SPC9010","/repositories/2/resources/115"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1819-1991"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Cienfuegos Collection, 1819-1991"],"collection_title_tesim":["Cienfuegos Collection, 1819-1991"],"collection_ssim":["Cienfuegos Collection, 1819-1991"],"repository_ssm":["FIU Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Cuba"],"geogname_ssim":["Cuba"],"places_ssim":["Cuba"],"access_terms_ssm":["The Cienfuegos Collection is owned by Florida International University.  This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Materials were acquired through a private donor."],"access_subjects_ssim":["postcards","Newspaper","Maps","Magazine","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["postcards","Newspaper","Maps","Magazine","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3 boxes 3 archival storage cartons"],"extent_tesim":["3 boxes 3 archival storage cartons"],"dimensions_tesim":["3.25 linear feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Newspaper","Maps","Magazine","Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research. Researchers must contact Special Collections \u0026amp; University Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research. Researchers must contact Special Collections \u0026 University Archives in advance for access to unprocessed born digital materials in this collection. Collection restrictions, copyright limitations, or technical complications may hinder the SPCUA's ability to provide access to unprocessed born digital materials."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCienfuegos, Cuba was founded in 1819 by French colonists, then deemed Fernandina de Jagua for King Ferdinand VII of Spain and Chief Jagua by early Spanish conquistadors. Cienfuegos, being a port city, became a center of the growing trade of crops such as coffee, sugarcane, and tobacco, as well as serving as a hub for Cuba's shrimp industry. The city's commercial success coincided with Cuba's sugar boom, making Cienfuegos one of the country's most economically important cities. The city later became a key industrial center in the mid-20th century, following the city's revolt against Fulgencio Batista y Zaldivar, former elected president of Cuba and military dictator who was overthrown during the Cuban Revolution. The aftermath of the Revolution ushered forth a new age of development in Cienfuegos. It now houses a UNESCO World Heritage Site in its city center, designated so in 2005 for its model of mordern Spanish American urbanism, and the integrity with which the original historical structures have been preserved and further maintained in newer developments.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Cienfuegos, Cuba was founded in 1819 by French colonists, then deemed Fernandina de Jagua for King Ferdinand VII of Spain and Chief Jagua by early Spanish conquistadors. Cienfuegos, being a port city, became a center of the growing trade of crops such as coffee, sugarcane, and tobacco, as well as serving as a hub for Cuba's shrimp industry. The city's commercial success coincided with Cuba's sugar boom, making Cienfuegos one of the country's most economically important cities. The city later became a key industrial center in the mid-20th century, following the city's revolt against Fulgencio Batista y Zaldivar, former elected president of Cuba and military dictator who was overthrown during the Cuban Revolution. The aftermath of the Revolution ushered forth a new age of development in Cienfuegos. It now houses a UNESCO World Heritage Site in its city center, designated so in 2005 for its model of mordern Spanish American urbanism, and the integrity with which the original historical structures have been preserved and further maintained in newer developments."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this collection gather resources to aid in the research of the commercial, eclesiastical, economic, and geographical history of Cienfuegos, Cuba, as well as featuring texts on important figures and locations. It includes full texts and editions of regional newspapers, as well as the more intimate look at sketches, blueprints, seals, and correspondence, postcards, and business cards.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The materials in this collection gather resources to aid in the research of the commercial, eclesiastical, economic, and geographical history of Cienfuegos, Cuba, as well as featuring texts on important figures and locations. It includes full texts and editions of regional newspapers, as well as the more intimate look at sketches, blueprints, seals, and correspondence, postcards, and business cards."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Cienfuegos Collection is owned by Florida International University.  This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Cienfuegos Collection is owned by Florida International University.  This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"names_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"corpname_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"language_ssim":["English Spanish; Castilian"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":36,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870844445591601152,"_root_":"df5f33ab57ee6e767c26a104","timestamp":"2026-07-16T04:31:37.751Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/df5f33ab57ee6e767c26a104_aspace_86f548822bc567614ee3fb8b42512a6c"}},{"id":"6fb6b27850de62e5c1e768a0","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Music Collection, bulk 1900-1990","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/6fb6b27850de62e5c1e768a0#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eThe music collection contains two series that hold hundreds of different composer's sheet music that spans across centuries. 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