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","This collection is in an offsite storage location. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information.","Processed January 1981.","This item is a compiled history of the Florida Randolph family, dating from 1829-1978. Compiled by Randolph Whitfield and John Chipmand, 1978. Names included in the work include: Randolph family, Bratton family, Chipman family, Eppes family, Gass family, Porter family, and Whitfield family. 99 pages, fold-outs, pictures. Photocopy number 36.","All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. 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Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Florida Randolphs, Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/MSS_80-5\"\u003ehttp://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/MSS_80-5\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["The Florida Randolphs, Special Collections \u0026 Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida.  http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/MSS_80-5"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed January 1981.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed January 1981."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis item is a compiled history of the Florida Randolph family, dating from 1829-1978. Compiled by Randolph Whitfield and John Chipmand, 1978. 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Hitt Library as the perfect institution to house her collection. She also wanted to bring more attention and educate the public and students about the African American Legacy. In 2009, the University of Central Florida, honored Ms. Mundy through the Burnett Honors College. Within the pages of pamphlet handed out at the event that day. In the pamphlet it discusses the importance of preserving and educating youth.","When the University of Central Florida Special Collection \u0026 University Archives received this collection, most of the documents were in three ring binders. Upon receiving the collection the binders were in no particular order and have been organized by city. Some of the documents were put clear sleeves to keep them safe for the time being within the binders. Upon processing this collection, staples, binder clips, and paperclips were removed. 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The documents include articles, historic preservation manuals, land plans, census data, draft registration, and plot summaries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries II: Manuscripts, 2006-2009, Undated, consists of manuscripts written by Perrine Slim. The name Perrine Slim was a pseudonym for William Gladden Jr. In this series, there is also an article related to one of the manuscripts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries III: Photographs, 1920-Circa. 1950's, Undated, includes several photographs primarily of members of the Boykin family and the Gladden family.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Collection Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection is divided into 3 series.","Series I: Research Files, 1790-2012, Undated, consists of documents from three major areas Apopka, Eatonville, and Ocoee. The documents include articles, historic preservation manuals, land plans, census data, draft registration, and plot summaries.","Series II: Manuscripts, 2006-2009, Undated, consists of manuscripts written by Perrine Slim. The name Perrine Slim was a pseudonym for William Gladden Jr. In this series, there is also an article related to one of the manuscripts.","Series III: Photographs, 1920-Circa. 1950's, Undated, includes several photographs primarily of members of the Boykin family and the Gladden family."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Copyright Statement"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_a3e726e4ada6767d05cdb00c3da6057b\"\u003eThis research collection primarily looks at African American Legacy in small town Florida, including Eatonville, Apopka, and Ocoee. Through photographs, manuscripts, census data, historic home registers, and so much more; you can dive deep into researching these historic African American cities. Delve into the historic homes and their inhabitance of these historic cities through this collection. The documents in this collection are primarily photocopies, or photographs of original documents. The documents in this collection as a result were printed or created recently.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This research collection primarily looks at African American Legacy in small town Florida, including Eatonville, Apopka, and Ocoee. Through photographs, manuscripts, census data, historic home registers, and so much more; you can dive deep into researching these historic African American cities. Delve into the historic homes and their inhabitance of these historic cities through this collection. The documents in this collection are primarily photocopies, or photographs of original documents. The documents in this collection as a result were printed or created recently."],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Mundy, Carol"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"names_coll_ssim":["Mundy, Carol"],"persname_ssim":["Mundy, Carol"],"language_ssim":["The materials are written in English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":77,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870857796524703744,"_root_":"ea10a278e35b143f130f4d56","timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:03:50.193Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/ea10a278e35b143f130f4d56_aspace_5702ece64b656f41c588dc824095cb65"}},{"id":"480e46a504f2fba6b1588537_aspace_222159","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"The History of the Army Air Force, 1907-1947","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/480e46a504f2fba6b1588537_aspace_222159#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003e18 page history from the Wright Brothers to age of the jet engine and the eve of an autonomous air force.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/480e46a504f2fba6b1588537_aspace_222159#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_222159","ref_ssm":["aspace_222159","aspace_222159"],"id":"480e46a504f2fba6b1588537_aspace_222159","title_filing_ssi":"The History of the Army Air Force","title_ssm":["The History of the Army Air Force"],"title_tesim":["The History of the Army Air Force"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1907-1947"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1907-1947"],"normalized_title_ssm":["The History of the Army Air Force, 1907-1947"],"text":["The History of the Army Air Force, 1907-1947","484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998","015","/repositories/10/archival_objects/34383","02.0047 - Box 8","folder 015","18 page history from the Wright Brothers to age of the jet engine and the eve of an autonomous air force."],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ids_ssim":["480e46a504f2fba6b1588537"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"unitid_ssm":["015","/repositories/10/archival_objects/34383"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"collection_ssim":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":202,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open to all researchers."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"date_range_isim":[1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947],"containers_ssim":["02.0047 - Box 8","folder 015"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e18 page history from the Wright Brothers to age of the jet engine and the eve of an autonomous air force.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["18 page history from the Wright Brothers to age of the jet engine and the eve of an autonomous air force."],"_nest_path_":"/components#201","_nest_parent_":"480e46a504f2fba6b1588537","_root_":"480e46a504f2fba6b1588537","timestamp":"2026-07-10T05:44:27.461Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"480e46a504f2fba6b1588537","title_filing_ssi":"484th Bombardment Group Association papers","title_ssm":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers"],"title_tesim":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers"],"ead_ssi":"480e46a504f2fba6b1588537","unitdate_ssm":["1939-1998"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1939-1998"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["02.0047","/repositories/10/resources/197"],"text":["02.0047","/repositories/10/resources/197","484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998","Foggia (Italy)","B-24 (Bomber)","World War, 1939-1945--Aerial operations","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Italy","World War, 1939-1945--Yugoslavia","World War, 1939-1945--Austria","This collection is open to all researchers.","Constituted as 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) on September 14, 1943, the group officially activated on September 20th. Trained for combat with B-24 Liberator heavy bombers, the group transferred to Torretto Airfield in Italy during March and April 1944. Torretta airfield (also known as Cerignola #3) served as a semi-permanent heavy bomber airfield located approximately 14km (9 miles) southwest of Cerignola in Apulia, Italy.  This airbase would eventually form part of the Foggia Airfield Complex.  Assigned to Fifteenth Air Force, the group was redesignated the 484th Bombardment Group (Pathfinder) in May 1944 but did not perform pathfinder functions. Again, redesignated 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) in November 1944, the group operated primarily as a strategic bombardment organization through to April 1945.\n The group attacked targets such as oil refineries, oil storage plants, aircraft factories, heavy industry, and communications in Italy, France, Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Rumania, and Yugoslavia. On June 13, 1944, a heavy smoke screen prevented the group from bombing marshaling yards at Munich. In spite of severe damage from German flak and fighters, and despite heavy gunfire encountered at the alternate target, the group bombed marshaling yards at Innsbruck and received a Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC) for its persistent action. The group received a second DUC for performance on August 22, 1944, when, unescorted, the organization fought its way through an intense opposition to attack underground oil storage installations in Vienna. In addition to strategic missions, the 484th supported the allied ground drive toward Rome by bombing bridges, supply dumps, viaducts, and marshaling yards from April to June 1944. Furthermore, the group ferried gasoline and oil to Allied forces in southern France during September 1944 and supported the final advance through northern Italy.  Moved to Casablanca in May 1945, the group was assigned to Air Transport Command and subsequently deactivated in French Morocco on July 25, 1945. Squadrons assigned to the group included the 824th, 825th, 826th, and 827th. Stations assigned for the group during the war included Harvard AAF,  Nebraska from September 20, 1943, to March 2, 1944; Torretta AAF, Italy from April 1944-May 1945; and Casablanca, French Morocco, from May 25 to July 25, 1945. The assigned commanders included Colonel William B Keese from October 1943 to April 1945 and Lieutenant Colonel Chester C. Busch from April 1945 to deactivation","History of  The Torretta Flyer  newsletter:","Bud Markel wrote the history of the 484th Bomb Group and preserved it in  The Torretta Flyer.  He and his wife Bea organized the first reunion of the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups in May of 1981.  In December of 1981, the 461st and 484th Bomb Groups Association were incorporated in the state of California as a non-profit corporation. Starting with a newsletter bulletin to keep early members up to date on the fledgling organization, the name  The Torretta Flyer  was first applied to newsletter number 4. In 1992 the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups formed their own separate associations. Bud was the president of the 484th BG Association and the editor of  The Torretta Flyer  until the association was disbanded in 2001.  An excellent writer, photographer, aviation historian, and organizer, Bud published  The Torretta Flyer  twice yearly for 20 years.  With the help of Bea, he also organized and hosted annual reunions for the association.  The Torretta Flyer  evolved from a mimeographed newsletter into a fine glossy magazine filled with photographs, data compiled from official sources, letters and stories written by members, and scholarly contributions from writers in the historical aviation field.  When the 484th BG Association was disbanded, Bud and Bea donated 50 1200 page bound two-volume sets of  The Torretta Flyer  to various libraries and museums around the country.  Bud Markel flew 35 combat missions as a B-24 engineer between January and May of 1945.  He was employed as an A\u0026P mechanic for United Airlines in Los Angeles from 1948 until retirement.  He was especially proud of the 484th BG Association scholarship fund which was originally conceived as a living memorial to the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups.  Through this fund, the association donated $53,000 to deserving high school students from the area around Cerignola, Italy.  The Torretta Flyer  is copyright © 484th Bomb Group Association","Link to The Torretta Flyer newsletter index:  http://www.484th.org/Torretta%20Flyer/Torretta%20Flyer.htm","Source:","\"484th Bombardment Group (H).\" www.484th.org. Accessed June 8, 2018. http://www.484th.org/.","Note written by Dick Olson, 484th Bombardment Group Association Historian","Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022.","Link to official website of the 484th Bombardment Group Association:   http://www.484th.org/ . This website is also included in an  Internet Archive web collection  for the World War II Archives. ","The Internet Archive collection includes the website for the 461st Bombardment Group (H).","This collection relates to the 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) that was assigned to the 15th Air Force and based in Torretta, Italy as a component of the Foggia Airfield Complex during World War II and assigned B-24 Liberator heavy bombers.  The materials contained in this collection were subsequently assembled during the post-war period by the 484th Bombardment Group Association.  The collection contains official reports, data sheets, statistics, newspapers, Missing Air Crew Reports, personal histories, photographs, and unit histories.","All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.","Claude Pepper Library","FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","484th Bombardment Group Association","United States. Army Air Forces, Bombardment Group (H), 484th","English"],"unitid_tesim":["02.0047","/repositories/10/resources/197"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1939-1998"],"normalized_title_ssm":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998"],"collection_title_tesim":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998"],"collection_ssim":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998"],"repository_ssm":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Foggia (Italy)"],"geogname_ssim":["Foggia (Italy)"],"creator_ssm":["484th Bombardment Group Association"],"creator_ssim":["484th Bombardment Group Association"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["484th Bombardment Group Association"],"creators_ssim":["484th Bombardment Group Association"],"places_ssim":["Foggia (Italy)"],"access_terms_ssm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"access_subjects_ssim":["B-24 (Bomber)","World War, 1939-1945--Aerial operations","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Italy","World War, 1939-1945--Yugoslavia","World War, 1939-1945--Austria"],"access_subjects_ssm":["B-24 (Bomber)","World War, 1939-1945--Aerial operations","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Italy","World War, 1939-1945--Yugoslavia","World War, 1939-1945--Austria"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["17 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["17 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to all researchers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to all researchers."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eConstituted as 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) on September 14, 1943, the group officially activated on September 20th. Trained for combat with B-24 Liberator heavy bombers, the group transferred to Torretto Airfield in Italy during March and April 1944. Torretta airfield (also known as Cerignola #3) served as a semi-permanent heavy bomber airfield located approximately 14km (9 miles) southwest of Cerignola in Apulia, Italy.\u0026#xA0; This airbase would eventually form part of the Foggia Airfield Complex.\u0026#xA0; Assigned to Fifteenth Air Force, the group was redesignated the 484th Bombardment Group (Pathfinder) in May 1944 but did not perform pathfinder functions. Again, redesignated 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) in November 1944, the group operated primarily as a strategic bombardment organization through to April 1945.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe group attacked targets such as oil refineries, oil storage plants, aircraft factories, heavy industry, and communications in Italy, France, Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Rumania, and Yugoslavia. On June 13, 1944, a heavy smoke screen prevented the group from bombing marshaling yards at Munich. In spite of severe damage from German flak and fighters, and despite heavy gunfire encountered at the alternate target, the group bombed marshaling yards at Innsbruck and received a Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC) for its persistent action. The group received a second DUC for performance on August 22, 1944, when, unescorted, the organization fought its way through an intense opposition to attack underground oil storage installations in Vienna. In addition to strategic missions, the 484th supported the allied ground drive toward Rome by bombing bridges, supply dumps, viaducts, and marshaling yards from April to June 1944. Furthermore, the group ferried gasoline and oil to Allied forces in southern France during September 1944 and supported the final advance through northern Italy.\u0026#xA0; Moved to Casablanca in May 1945, the group was assigned to Air Transport Command and subsequently deactivated in French Morocco on July 25, 1945. Squadrons assigned to the group included the 824th, 825th, 826th, and 827th. Stations assigned for the group during the war included Harvard AAF,\u0026#xA0; Nebraska from September 20, 1943, to March 2, 1944; Torretta AAF, Italy from April 1944-May 1945; and Casablanca, French Morocco, from May 25 to July 25, 1945. The assigned commanders included Colonel William B Keese from October 1943 to April 1945 and Lieutenant Colonel Chester C. Busch from April 1945 to deactivation\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistory of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e newsletter:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBud Markel wrote the history of the 484th Bomb Group and preserved it in \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer.\u003c/emph\u003e He and his wife Bea organized the first reunion of the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups in May of 1981.\u0026#xA0; In December of 1981, the 461st and 484th Bomb Groups Association were incorporated in the state of California as a non-profit corporation. Starting with a newsletter bulletin to keep early members up to date on the fledgling organization, the name \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e was first applied to newsletter number 4. In 1992 the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups formed their own separate associations. Bud was the president of the 484th BG Association and the editor of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e until the association was disbanded in 2001.\u0026#xA0; An excellent writer, photographer, aviation historian, and organizer, Bud published \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e twice yearly for 20 years.\u0026#xA0; With the help of Bea, he also organized and hosted annual reunions for the association. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e evolved from a mimeographed newsletter into a fine glossy magazine filled with photographs, data compiled from official sources, letters and stories written by members, and scholarly contributions from writers in the historical aviation field.\u0026#xA0; When the 484th BG Association was disbanded, Bud and Bea donated 50 1200 page bound two-volume sets of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e to various libraries and museums around the country.\u0026#xA0; Bud Markel flew 35 combat missions as a B-24 engineer between January and May of 1945.\u0026#xA0; He was employed as an A\u0026amp;P mechanic for United Airlines in Los Angeles from 1948 until retirement.\u0026#xA0; He was especially proud of the 484th BG Association scholarship fund which was originally conceived as a living memorial to the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups.\u0026#xA0; Through this fund, the association donated $53,000 to deserving high school students from the area around Cerignola, Italy. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e is copyright \u0026#xA9; 484th Bomb Group Association\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLink to The Torretta Flyer newsletter index: \u003cextref href=\"http://www.484th.org/Torretta%20Flyer/Torretta%20Flyer.htm\"\u003ehttp://www.484th.org/Torretta%20Flyer/Torretta%20Flyer.htm\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSource:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"484th Bombardment Group (H).\" www.484th.org. Accessed June 8, 2018. http://www.484th.org/.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNote written by Dick Olson, 484th Bombardment Group Association Historian\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Constituted as 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) on September 14, 1943, the group officially activated on September 20th. Trained for combat with B-24 Liberator heavy bombers, the group transferred to Torretto Airfield in Italy during March and April 1944. Torretta airfield (also known as Cerignola #3) served as a semi-permanent heavy bomber airfield located approximately 14km (9 miles) southwest of Cerignola in Apulia, Italy.  This airbase would eventually form part of the Foggia Airfield Complex.  Assigned to Fifteenth Air Force, the group was redesignated the 484th Bombardment Group (Pathfinder) in May 1944 but did not perform pathfinder functions. Again, redesignated 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) in November 1944, the group operated primarily as a strategic bombardment organization through to April 1945.\n The group attacked targets such as oil refineries, oil storage plants, aircraft factories, heavy industry, and communications in Italy, France, Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Rumania, and Yugoslavia. On June 13, 1944, a heavy smoke screen prevented the group from bombing marshaling yards at Munich. In spite of severe damage from German flak and fighters, and despite heavy gunfire encountered at the alternate target, the group bombed marshaling yards at Innsbruck and received a Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC) for its persistent action. The group received a second DUC for performance on August 22, 1944, when, unescorted, the organization fought its way through an intense opposition to attack underground oil storage installations in Vienna. In addition to strategic missions, the 484th supported the allied ground drive toward Rome by bombing bridges, supply dumps, viaducts, and marshaling yards from April to June 1944. Furthermore, the group ferried gasoline and oil to Allied forces in southern France during September 1944 and supported the final advance through northern Italy.  Moved to Casablanca in May 1945, the group was assigned to Air Transport Command and subsequently deactivated in French Morocco on July 25, 1945. Squadrons assigned to the group included the 824th, 825th, 826th, and 827th. Stations assigned for the group during the war included Harvard AAF,  Nebraska from September 20, 1943, to March 2, 1944; Torretta AAF, Italy from April 1944-May 1945; and Casablanca, French Morocco, from May 25 to July 25, 1945. The assigned commanders included Colonel William B Keese from October 1943 to April 1945 and Lieutenant Colonel Chester C. Busch from April 1945 to deactivation","History of  The Torretta Flyer  newsletter:","Bud Markel wrote the history of the 484th Bomb Group and preserved it in  The Torretta Flyer.  He and his wife Bea organized the first reunion of the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups in May of 1981.  In December of 1981, the 461st and 484th Bomb Groups Association were incorporated in the state of California as a non-profit corporation. Starting with a newsletter bulletin to keep early members up to date on the fledgling organization, the name  The Torretta Flyer  was first applied to newsletter number 4. In 1992 the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups formed their own separate associations. Bud was the president of the 484th BG Association and the editor of  The Torretta Flyer  until the association was disbanded in 2001.  An excellent writer, photographer, aviation historian, and organizer, Bud published  The Torretta Flyer  twice yearly for 20 years.  With the help of Bea, he also organized and hosted annual reunions for the association.  The Torretta Flyer  evolved from a mimeographed newsletter into a fine glossy magazine filled with photographs, data compiled from official sources, letters and stories written by members, and scholarly contributions from writers in the historical aviation field.  When the 484th BG Association was disbanded, Bud and Bea donated 50 1200 page bound two-volume sets of  The Torretta Flyer  to various libraries and museums around the country.  Bud Markel flew 35 combat missions as a B-24 engineer between January and May of 1945.  He was employed as an A\u0026P mechanic for United Airlines in Los Angeles from 1948 until retirement.  He was especially proud of the 484th BG Association scholarship fund which was originally conceived as a living memorial to the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups.  Through this fund, the association donated $53,000 to deserving high school students from the area around Cerignola, Italy.  The Torretta Flyer  is copyright © 484th Bomb Group Association","Link to The Torretta Flyer newsletter index:  http://www.484th.org/Torretta%20Flyer/Torretta%20Flyer.htm","Source:","\"484th Bombardment Group (H).\" www.484th.org. Accessed June 8, 2018. http://www.484th.org/.","Note written by Dick Olson, 484th Bombardment Group Association Historian"],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTransferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives in July 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], 484th Bombardment Group Association papers, Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_02_0047\"\u003ehttp://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_02_0047\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], 484th Bombardment Group Association papers, Special Collections \u0026 Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida.  http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_02_0047 ."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLink to official website of the 484th Bombardment Group Association:\u0026#xA0; \u003cextref href=\"http://www.484th.org/\"\u003ehttp://www.484th.org/\u003c/extref\u003e. This website is also included in an \u003cextref href=\"https://archive-it.org/collections/10115\"\u003eInternet Archive web collection\u003c/extref\u003e for the World War II Archives. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Internet Archive collection includes the website for the 461st Bombardment Group (H).\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials - Related Publications"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Link to official website of the 484th Bombardment Group Association:   http://www.484th.org/ . This website is also included in an  Internet Archive web collection  for the World War II Archives. ","The Internet Archive collection includes the website for the 461st Bombardment Group (H)."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection relates to the 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) that was assigned to the 15th Air Force and based in Torretta, Italy as a component of the Foggia Airfield Complex during World War II and assigned B-24 Liberator heavy bombers.\u0026#xA0; The materials contained in this collection were subsequently assembled during the post-war period by the 484th Bombardment Group Association.\u0026#xA0; The collection contains official reports, data sheets, statistics, newspapers, Missing Air Crew Reports, personal histories, photographs, and unit histories.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection relates to the 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) that was assigned to the 15th Air Force and based in Torretta, Italy as a component of the Foggia Airfield Complex during World War II and assigned B-24 Liberator heavy bombers.  The materials contained in this collection were subsequently assembled during the post-war period by the 484th Bombardment Group Association.  The collection contains official reports, data sheets, statistics, newspapers, Missing Air Crew Reports, personal histories, photographs, and unit histories."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. 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Through photographs, manuscripts, census data, historic home registers, and so much more; you can dive deep into researching these historic African American cities. Delve into the historic homes and their inhabitance of these historic cities through this collection. The documents in this collection are primarily photocopies, or photographs of original documents. 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The contents that were once in the binders are now housed in acid free folders and boxes.The photographs and the transparency are also housed in clear archival sleeves.","African American Legacy: The Carol Mundy Collection, 1794-2010","The collection is divided into 3 series.","Series I: Research Files, 1790-2012, Undated, consists of documents from three major areas Apopka, Eatonville, and Ocoee. The documents include articles, historic preservation manuals, land plans, census data, draft registration, and plot summaries.","Series II: Manuscripts, 2006-2009, Undated, consists of manuscripts written by Perrine Slim. The name Perrine Slim was a pseudonym for William Gladden Jr. In this series, there is also an article related to one of the manuscripts.","Series III: Photographs, 1920-Circa. 1950's, Undated, includes several photographs primarily of members of the Boykin family and the Gladden family.","Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. 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She also wanted to bring more attention and educate the public and students about the African American Legacy. In 2009, the University of Central Florida, honored Ms. Mundy through the Burnett Honors College. Within the pages of pamphlet handed out at the event that day. In the pamphlet it discusses the importance of preserving and educating youth."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCarol Mundy: African American Legacy Research Files, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Carol Mundy: African American Legacy Research Files, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWhen the University of Central Florida Special Collection \u0026amp; University Archives received this collection, most of the documents were in three ring binders. 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The contents that were once in the binders are now housed in acid free folders and boxes.The photographs and the transparency are also housed in clear archival sleeves."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref href=\"http://purl.flvc.org/UCF/EAD/CFM2009-02\"\u003eAfrican American Legacy: The Carol Mundy Collection, 1794-2010\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["African American Legacy: The Carol Mundy Collection, 1794-2010"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into 3 series.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Research Files, 1790-2012, Undated, consists of documents from three major areas Apopka, Eatonville, and Ocoee. The documents include articles, historic preservation manuals, land plans, census data, draft registration, and plot summaries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries II: Manuscripts, 2006-2009, Undated, consists of manuscripts written by Perrine Slim. The name Perrine Slim was a pseudonym for William Gladden Jr. In this series, there is also an article related to one of the manuscripts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries III: Photographs, 1920-Circa. 1950's, Undated, includes several photographs primarily of members of the Boykin family and the Gladden family.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Collection Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection is divided into 3 series.","Series I: Research Files, 1790-2012, Undated, consists of documents from three major areas Apopka, Eatonville, and Ocoee. The documents include articles, historic preservation manuals, land plans, census data, draft registration, and plot summaries.","Series II: Manuscripts, 2006-2009, Undated, consists of manuscripts written by Perrine Slim. The name Perrine Slim was a pseudonym for William Gladden Jr. In this series, there is also an article related to one of the manuscripts.","Series III: Photographs, 1920-Circa. 1950's, Undated, includes several photographs primarily of members of the Boykin family and the Gladden family."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Copyright Statement"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_a3e726e4ada6767d05cdb00c3da6057b\"\u003eThis research collection primarily looks at African American Legacy in small town Florida, including Eatonville, Apopka, and Ocoee. Through photographs, manuscripts, census data, historic home registers, and so much more; you can dive deep into researching these historic African American cities. Delve into the historic homes and their inhabitance of these historic cities through this collection. The documents in this collection are primarily photocopies, or photographs of original documents. The documents in this collection as a result were printed or created recently.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This research collection primarily looks at African American Legacy in small town Florida, including Eatonville, Apopka, and Ocoee. Through photographs, manuscripts, census data, historic home registers, and so much more; you can dive deep into researching these historic African American cities. Delve into the historic homes and their inhabitance of these historic cities through this collection. The documents in this collection are primarily photocopies, or photographs of original documents. The documents in this collection as a result were printed or created recently."],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Mundy, Carol"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"names_coll_ssim":["Mundy, Carol"],"persname_ssim":["Mundy, Carol"],"language_ssim":["The materials are written in English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":77,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870857796524703744,"_root_":"ea10a278e35b143f130f4d56","timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:03:50.193Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/ea10a278e35b143f130f4d56_aspace_20c4a86b720660477aac9aed4cef2f14"}},{"id":"f1f7eb24884910f8a3338916","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"The Maurice Givens Papers, 1885-1969, Date acquired: 10/00/1974, bulk 1918-1942","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/f1f7eb24884910f8a3338916#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["The Maurice Givens papers are a collection of manuscripts, research, notebooks, experiment results, and academic course work with a variety of professional and personal correspondence."],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/f1f7eb24884910f8a3338916#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"f1f7eb24884910f8a3338916","title_ssm":["The Maurice Givens Papers"],"title_tesim":["The Maurice Givens Papers"],"ead_ssi":"f1f7eb24884910f8a3338916","unitdate_ssm":["1885-1969","1918-1942","Date acquired: 10/00/1974"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1918-1942"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1885-1969"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 10/00/1974"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 1974-010","/repositories/10/resources/781"],"text":["MSS 1974-010","/repositories/10/resources/781","The Maurice Givens Papers, 1885-1969, Date acquired: 10/00/1974, bulk 1918-1942","Paper.","This collection is open to all researchers. ","This collection is in an offsite storage location. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information.","Chronological, then alphabetical.","The Maurice Givens papers are a collection of manuscripts dating from as early as 1885 up until 1969. Beginning with his education, Givens attended Yale University in the 1900s, from where he later graduated with his PhD in 1917. He began as an instructor in biochemistry at Cornell University from 1909-1914. He also worked as an assistant in the U.S Department of Public Health Service where he conducted various experiments that aided the government with food safety. He then went to The University of Rochester to work as an assistant professor of biochemistry. From 1919 to 1921 he was the chief biochemist for the Western Pennsylvania Hospital in Pittsburg. Lastly from 1921 to 1943 he worked as the Chief Biochemist at the Western Yeast Company, where he performed countless experiments using yeast foam tablets. In all the papers highlight Dr. Maurice Given's career as a biochemical doctor who was successful with working in the academic sphere. In the 1950s he was also known for his orange growing business . During this time he developed a chemical preservative that increased the shelf life of oranges, allowing orange growers to ship Florida oranges across the country for the first time without fear of rotting.","All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast, or otherwise reproduced from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Director of University Libraries. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.","The Maurice Givens papers are a collection of manuscripts, research, notebooks, experiment results, and academic course work with a variety of professional and personal correspondence.","FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 1974-010","/repositories/10/resources/781"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1885-1969, Date acquired: 10/00/1974, bulk 1918-1942"],"normalized_title_ssm":["The Maurice Givens Papers, 1885-1969, Date acquired: 10/00/1974, bulk 1918-1942"],"collection_title_tesim":["The Maurice Givens Papers, 1885-1969, Date acquired: 10/00/1974, bulk 1918-1942"],"collection_ssim":["The Maurice Givens Papers, 1885-1969, Date acquired: 10/00/1974, bulk 1918-1942"],"repository_ssm":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast, or otherwise reproduced from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Director of University Libraries. 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Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to all researchers. ","This collection is in an offsite storage location. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological, then alphabetical.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological, then alphabetical."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Maurice Givens Papers, Special Collections, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. https://purl.lib.fsu.edu/fa/MSS-1974-010\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["The Maurice Givens Papers, Special Collections, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. https://purl.lib.fsu.edu/fa/MSS-1974-010"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Maurice Givens papers are a collection of manuscripts dating from as early as 1885 up until 1969. Beginning with his education, Givens attended Yale University in the 1900s, from where he later graduated with his PhD in 1917. He began as an instructor in biochemistry at Cornell University from 1909-1914. He also worked as an assistant in the U.S Department of Public Health Service where he conducted various experiments that aided the government with food safety. He then went to The University of Rochester to work as an assistant professor of biochemistry. From 1919 to 1921 he was the chief biochemist for the Western Pennsylvania Hospital in Pittsburg. Lastly from 1921 to 1943 he worked as the Chief Biochemist at the Western Yeast Company, where he performed countless experiments using yeast foam tablets. In all the papers highlight Dr. Maurice Given's career as a biochemical doctor who was successful with working in the academic sphere. In the 1950s he was also known for his orange growing business . 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Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_a9fd8bac3ea672770332c755125a96bd\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Maurice Givens papers are a collection of manuscripts, research, notebooks, experiment results, and academic course work with a variety of professional and personal correspondence.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Maurice Givens papers are a collection of manuscripts, research, notebooks, experiment results, and academic course work with a variety of professional and personal correspondence."],"names_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"corpname_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":282,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870859423566528512,"_root_":"f1f7eb24884910f8a3338916","timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:29:41.781Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"f1f7eb24884910f8a3338916","title_ssm":["The Maurice Givens Papers"],"title_tesim":["The Maurice Givens Papers"],"ead_ssi":"f1f7eb24884910f8a3338916","unitdate_ssm":["1885-1969","1918-1942","Date acquired: 10/00/1974"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1918-1942"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1885-1969"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 10/00/1974"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 1974-010","/repositories/10/resources/781"],"text":["MSS 1974-010","/repositories/10/resources/781","The Maurice Givens Papers, 1885-1969, Date acquired: 10/00/1974, bulk 1918-1942","Paper.","This collection is open to all researchers. ","This collection is in an offsite storage location. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information.","Chronological, then alphabetical.","The Maurice Givens papers are a collection of manuscripts dating from as early as 1885 up until 1969. Beginning with his education, Givens attended Yale University in the 1900s, from where he later graduated with his PhD in 1917. He began as an instructor in biochemistry at Cornell University from 1909-1914. He also worked as an assistant in the U.S Department of Public Health Service where he conducted various experiments that aided the government with food safety. He then went to The University of Rochester to work as an assistant professor of biochemistry. From 1919 to 1921 he was the chief biochemist for the Western Pennsylvania Hospital in Pittsburg. Lastly from 1921 to 1943 he worked as the Chief Biochemist at the Western Yeast Company, where he performed countless experiments using yeast foam tablets. In all the papers highlight Dr. Maurice Given's career as a biochemical doctor who was successful with working in the academic sphere. In the 1950s he was also known for his orange growing business . During this time he developed a chemical preservative that increased the shelf life of oranges, allowing orange growers to ship Florida oranges across the country for the first time without fear of rotting.","All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast, or otherwise reproduced from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Director of University Libraries. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.","The Maurice Givens papers are a collection of manuscripts, research, notebooks, experiment results, and academic course work with a variety of professional and personal correspondence.","FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 1974-010","/repositories/10/resources/781"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1885-1969, Date acquired: 10/00/1974, bulk 1918-1942"],"normalized_title_ssm":["The Maurice Givens Papers, 1885-1969, Date acquired: 10/00/1974, bulk 1918-1942"],"collection_title_tesim":["The Maurice Givens Papers, 1885-1969, Date acquired: 10/00/1974, bulk 1918-1942"],"collection_ssim":["The Maurice Givens Papers, 1885-1969, Date acquired: 10/00/1974, bulk 1918-1942"],"repository_ssm":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast, or otherwise reproduced from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Director of University Libraries. 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He began as an instructor in biochemistry at Cornell University from 1909-1914. He also worked as an assistant in the U.S Department of Public Health Service where he conducted various experiments that aided the government with food safety. He then went to The University of Rochester to work as an assistant professor of biochemistry. From 1919 to 1921 he was the chief biochemist for the Western Pennsylvania Hospital in Pittsburg. Lastly from 1921 to 1943 he worked as the Chief Biochemist at the Western Yeast Company, where he performed countless experiments using yeast foam tablets. In all the papers highlight Dr. Maurice Given's career as a biochemical doctor who was successful with working in the academic sphere. In the 1950s he was also known for his orange growing business . 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Lastly from 1921 to 1943 he worked as the Chief Biochemist at the Western Yeast Company, where he performed countless experiments using yeast foam tablets. In all the papers highlight Dr. Maurice Given's career as a biochemical doctor who was successful with working in the academic sphere. In the 1950s he was also known for his orange growing business . During this time he developed a chemical preservative that increased the shelf life of oranges, allowing orange growers to ship Florida oranges across the country for the first time without fear of rotting."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast, or otherwise reproduced from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Director of University Libraries. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast, or otherwise reproduced from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Director of University Libraries. 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The collection includes the author's personal copies of first and foreign editions of his works, original typescripts of his fiction and screenplays, correspondence, research notes, illustrative artwork for dustcovers and paperbacks, in addition to personal mementos and photographs. In 1934, Theodore Pratt and his wife Belle Jacqueline Jacques moved to Lake Worth, Florida and made it their home until his death in 1969. He published 35 novels, including four mysteries under the pseudonym of \"Timothy Brace,\" two collections of short stories, two plays (adapted from his novels), and numerous short stories and articles. Pratt used a second pseudonym, \"Peter Steel\" for an adult novel titled The Amulet. Of the 35 novels, 14 of Pratt's novels and many of his short stories are set in Florida. His trilogy, consisting of The Barefoot Mailman, The Flame Tree, and The Big Bubble (reprinted as My Bride in the Storm), tell the story of the state between 1880 and 1924 and resulted in the author being dubbed \"the literary laureate of Florida.\" Four of his novels and one article were adapted to screenplays and became feature films. His Florida novels were thoroughly researched and scrupulously portrayed the history of Florida people, institutions and events. He also kept detailed documentation on the practical and tedious aspects of making a living as a writer. His correspondence and photographs illustrate his unique character and provides a glimpse into the old Florida lifestyle. In 1950, Pratt began to publish most of his work in paperback as he wanted to address sexual themes which most serious publishers would not consider. Pratt's interest in sexology or the scientific study of human sexual behavior can be seen in his novels, The Tormented (1950), The Lovers of Pompeii (1961), and Without Consent (1962). The Tormented is a study of nymphomania that was rejected by thirty-four publishers. Once published, it sold more than a million copies. Because of the paperback format and mass market appeal of his books, critics paid little attention to most of his work.\u003c/blockquote\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/9b1a44caeacea9fdc5f72fbb#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"9b1a44caeacea9fdc5f72fbb","title_ssm":["Theodore Pratt Collection"],"title_tesim":["Theodore Pratt Collection"],"ead_ssi":"9b1a44caeacea9fdc5f72fbb","unitdate_ssm":["1901-2025"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1901-2025"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SPC00022","/repositories/2/resources/154"],"text":["SPC00022","/repositories/2/resources/154","Theodore Pratt Collection, 1901-2025","Pratt, Theodore, 1901-1969"," Florida -- Fiction"," Palm Beach (Fla.)","Florida -- In literature","Novelists, American -- 20th century ","Pratt, Theodore, 1901- Barefoot mailman"," Pratt, Theodore, 1901- Flame tree"," Fiction"," Mystery fiction","Collections are available for supervised use in the Special Collections reading room during regular hours or by appointment. Users are required to complete a registration form and to comply with regulations governing use. Research assistance may be available but please email or phone first to set up an appointment.","Photocopies or electronic copies of material in the collections may be provided within copyright limits but may not be ready immediately. In addition, selected materials are digitized and available electronically through the Digital Library.","In 2011, this collection processed by Jaclyn M. Nowak, Kerline Dameus, Teresa Van Dyke and Victoria Thur. Additional materials added by Robert Feeney.","Florida Atlantic University Libraries is the designated repository of the personal papers and manuscript archives of Florida author Theodore Pratt. The collection includes the author's personal copies of first and foreign editions of his works, original typescripts of his fiction and screenplays, correspondence, research notes, illustrative artwork for dustcovers and paperbacks, in addition to personal mementos and photographs.  In 1934, Theodore Pratt and his wife Belle Jacqueline Jacques moved to Lake Worth, Florida and made it their home until his death in 1969. He published 35 novels, including four mysteries under the pseudonym of \"Timothy Brace,\" two collections of short stories, two plays (adapted from his novels), and numerous short stories and articles. Pratt used a second pseudonym, \"Peter Steel\" for an adult novel titled The Amulet.  Of the 35 novels, 14 of Pratt's novels and many of his short stories are set in Florida. His trilogy, consisting of The Barefoot Mailman, The Flame Tree, and The Big Bubble (reprinted as My Bride in the Storm), tell the story of the state between 1880 and 1924 and resulted in the author being dubbed \"the literary laureate of Florida.\" Four of his novels and one article were adapted to screenplays and became feature films. His Florida novels were thoroughly researched and scrupulously portrayed the history of Florida people, institutions and events. He also kept detailed documentation on the practical and tedious aspects of making a living as a writer. His correspondence and photographs illustrate his unique character and provides a glimpse into the old Florida lifestyle.\n\nIn 1950, Pratt began to publish most of his work in paperback as he wanted to address sexual themes which most serious publishers would not consider. Pratt's interest in sexology or the scientific study of human sexual behavior can be seen in his novels, The Tormented (1950), The Lovers of Pompeii (1961), and Without Consent (1962). The Tormented is a study of nymphomania that was rejected by thirty-four publishers. Once published, it sold more than a million copies. Because of the paperback format and mass market appeal of his books, critics paid little attention to most of his work.","Materials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. Any subsequent use of a reproduction in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement.","When using electronic copies or images, please keep in mind that copyright law applies. It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder.","Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact  Special Collections .","Florida Atlantic University Libraries","Theodore Pratt","Taylor Hagood","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SPC00022","/repositories/2/resources/154"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1901-2025"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Theodore Pratt Collection, 1901-2025"],"collection_title_tesim":["Theodore Pratt Collection, 1901-2025"],"collection_ssim":["Theodore Pratt Collection, 1901-2025"],"repository_ssm":["Florida Atlantic University Libraries"],"repository_ssim":["Florida Atlantic University Libraries"],"creator_ssm":["Theodore Pratt","Taylor Hagood"],"creator_ssim":["Theodore Pratt","Taylor Hagood"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Theodore Pratt","Taylor Hagood"],"creators_ssim":["Theodore Pratt","Taylor Hagood"],"access_terms_ssm":["Materials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). 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Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact  Special Collections ."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Pratt, Theodore, 1901-1969"," Florida -- Fiction"," Palm Beach (Fla.)","Florida -- In literature","Novelists, American -- 20th century ","Pratt, Theodore, 1901- Barefoot mailman"," Pratt, Theodore, 1901- Flame tree"," Fiction"," Mystery fiction"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Pratt, Theodore, 1901-1969"," Florida -- Fiction"," Palm Beach (Fla.)","Florida -- In literature","Novelists, American -- 20th century ","Pratt, Theodore, 1901- Barefoot mailman"," Pratt, Theodore, 1901- Flame tree"," Fiction"," Mystery fiction"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["72.00 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["72.00 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":[" Fiction"," Mystery fiction"],"date_range_isim":[1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollections are available for supervised use in the Special Collections reading room during regular hours or by appointment. 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He published 35 novels, including four mysteries under the pseudonym of \"Timothy Brace,\" two collections of short stories, two plays (adapted from his novels), and numerous short stories and articles. Pratt used a second pseudonym, \"Peter Steel\" for an adult novel titled The Amulet.  Of the 35 novels, 14 of Pratt's novels and many of his short stories are set in Florida. His trilogy, consisting of The Barefoot Mailman, The Flame Tree, and The Big Bubble (reprinted as My Bride in the Storm), tell the story of the state between 1880 and 1924 and resulted in the author being dubbed \"the literary laureate of Florida.\" Four of his novels and one article were adapted to screenplays and became feature films. His Florida novels were thoroughly researched and scrupulously portrayed the history of Florida people, institutions and events. He also kept detailed documentation on the practical and tedious aspects of making a living as a writer. His correspondence and photographs illustrate his unique character and provides a glimpse into the old Florida lifestyle.\n\nIn 1950, Pratt began to publish most of his work in paperback as he wanted to address sexual themes which most serious publishers would not consider. Pratt's interest in sexology or the scientific study of human sexual behavior can be seen in his novels, The Tormented (1950), The Lovers of Pompeii (1961), and Without Consent (1962). The Tormented is a study of nymphomania that was rejected by thirty-four publishers. Once published, it sold more than a million copies. Because of the paperback format and mass market appeal of his books, critics paid little attention to most of his work.\u003c/blockquote\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Florida Atlantic University Libraries is the designated repository of the personal papers and manuscript archives of Florida author Theodore Pratt. The collection includes the author's personal copies of first and foreign editions of his works, original typescripts of his fiction and screenplays, correspondence, research notes, illustrative artwork for dustcovers and paperbacks, in addition to personal mementos and photographs.  In 1934, Theodore Pratt and his wife Belle Jacqueline Jacques moved to Lake Worth, Florida and made it their home until his death in 1969. He published 35 novels, including four mysteries under the pseudonym of \"Timothy Brace,\" two collections of short stories, two plays (adapted from his novels), and numerous short stories and articles. Pratt used a second pseudonym, \"Peter Steel\" for an adult novel titled The Amulet.  Of the 35 novels, 14 of Pratt's novels and many of his short stories are set in Florida. His trilogy, consisting of The Barefoot Mailman, The Flame Tree, and The Big Bubble (reprinted as My Bride in the Storm), tell the story of the state between 1880 and 1924 and resulted in the author being dubbed \"the literary laureate of Florida.\" Four of his novels and one article were adapted to screenplays and became feature films. His Florida novels were thoroughly researched and scrupulously portrayed the history of Florida people, institutions and events. He also kept detailed documentation on the practical and tedious aspects of making a living as a writer. His correspondence and photographs illustrate his unique character and provides a glimpse into the old Florida lifestyle.\n\nIn 1950, Pratt began to publish most of his work in paperback as he wanted to address sexual themes which most serious publishers would not consider. Pratt's interest in sexology or the scientific study of human sexual behavior can be seen in his novels, The Tormented (1950), The Lovers of Pompeii (1961), and Without Consent (1962). The Tormented is a study of nymphomania that was rejected by thirty-four publishers. Once published, it sold more than a million copies. Because of the paperback format and mass market appeal of his books, critics paid little attention to most of his work."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. Any subsequent use of a reproduction in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhen using electronic copies or images, please keep in mind that copyright law applies. It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eShould the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. 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Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder.","Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. 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Users are required to complete a registration form and to comply with regulations governing use. Research assistance may be available but please email or phone first to set up an appointment.","Photocopies or electronic copies of material in the collections may be provided within copyright limits but may not be ready immediately. In addition, selected materials are digitized and available electronically through the Digital Library.","In 2011, this collection processed by Jaclyn M. Nowak, Kerline Dameus, Teresa Van Dyke and Victoria Thur. Additional materials added by Robert Feeney.","Florida Atlantic University Libraries is the designated repository of the personal papers and manuscript archives of Florida author Theodore Pratt. The collection includes the author's personal copies of first and foreign editions of his works, original typescripts of his fiction and screenplays, correspondence, research notes, illustrative artwork for dustcovers and paperbacks, in addition to personal mementos and photographs.  In 1934, Theodore Pratt and his wife Belle Jacqueline Jacques moved to Lake Worth, Florida and made it their home until his death in 1969. He published 35 novels, including four mysteries under the pseudonym of \"Timothy Brace,\" two collections of short stories, two plays (adapted from his novels), and numerous short stories and articles. Pratt used a second pseudonym, \"Peter Steel\" for an adult novel titled The Amulet.  Of the 35 novels, 14 of Pratt's novels and many of his short stories are set in Florida. His trilogy, consisting of The Barefoot Mailman, The Flame Tree, and The Big Bubble (reprinted as My Bride in the Storm), tell the story of the state between 1880 and 1924 and resulted in the author being dubbed \"the literary laureate of Florida.\" Four of his novels and one article were adapted to screenplays and became feature films. His Florida novels were thoroughly researched and scrupulously portrayed the history of Florida people, institutions and events. He also kept detailed documentation on the practical and tedious aspects of making a living as a writer. His correspondence and photographs illustrate his unique character and provides a glimpse into the old Florida lifestyle.\n\nIn 1950, Pratt began to publish most of his work in paperback as he wanted to address sexual themes which most serious publishers would not consider. 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It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder.","Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. 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Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact  Special Collections ."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Pratt, Theodore, 1901-1969"," Florida -- Fiction"," Palm Beach (Fla.)","Florida -- In literature","Novelists, American -- 20th century ","Pratt, Theodore, 1901- Barefoot mailman"," Pratt, Theodore, 1901- Flame tree"," Fiction"," Mystery fiction"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Pratt, Theodore, 1901-1969"," Florida -- Fiction"," Palm Beach (Fla.)","Florida -- In literature","Novelists, American -- 20th century ","Pratt, Theodore, 1901- Barefoot mailman"," Pratt, Theodore, 1901- Flame tree"," Fiction"," Mystery fiction"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["72.00 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["72.00 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":[" Fiction"," Mystery fiction"],"date_range_isim":[1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollections are available for supervised use in the Special Collections reading room during regular hours or by appointment. 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His trilogy, consisting of The Barefoot Mailman, The Flame Tree, and The Big Bubble (reprinted as My Bride in the Storm), tell the story of the state between 1880 and 1924 and resulted in the author being dubbed \"the literary laureate of Florida.\" Four of his novels and one article were adapted to screenplays and became feature films. His Florida novels were thoroughly researched and scrupulously portrayed the history of Florida people, institutions and events. He also kept detailed documentation on the practical and tedious aspects of making a living as a writer. His correspondence and photographs illustrate his unique character and provides a glimpse into the old Florida lifestyle.\n\nIn 1950, Pratt began to publish most of his work in paperback as he wanted to address sexual themes which most serious publishers would not consider. 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Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder.","Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. 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