{"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1859\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026page=4","prev":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1859\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026page=3","next":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1859\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026page=5","last":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1859\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026page=20"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":4,"next_page":5,"prev_page":3,"total_pages":20,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":30,"total_count":195,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"1d5e7fdf6af1935d8a10c98f","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Clarke Family Papers Collection, 1840-1998, bulk 1841-1916","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/1d5e7fdf6af1935d8a10c98f#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eThe majority of correspondence dates from 1841 to 1916.  Other miscellaneous documents date through 1970. These letters and postcards represent leisure and business correspondence to and from the Clarkes and reflect concerns, beliefs and opinions of ordinary men and women of the nineteenth and early twentieth century. The photos within this collection date from the 1840s and include various methods of processing illustrative of the evolution of photographic procedures.  The majority of the photos are in carte de visite format.  Also included in the collection are cabinet mounted photos and Kodak box camera snapshots.  Additionally, photos taken in the 1970s depict the Clarke's ancestral home, Patmore Manor in Bishop Stortford, England. The transcription of an oral history interview conducted in 1998 with Alice B. Wilkes is also included.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/1d5e7fdf6af1935d8a10c98f#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"1d5e7fdf6af1935d8a10c98f","title_ssm":["Clarke Family Papers Collection"],"title_tesim":["Clarke Family Papers Collection"],"ead_ssi":"1d5e7fdf6af1935d8a10c98f","unitdate_ssm":["1840-1998","1841-1916"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1841-1916"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1840-1998"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SPC00001","/repositories/2/resources/44"],"text":["SPC00001","/repositories/2/resources/44","Clarke Family Papers Collection, 1840-1998, bulk 1841-1916","Collections are available for supervised use in the Special Collections reading room during regular hours or by appointment. Users are required to complete a registration form and to comply with regulations governing use. Research assistance may be available but please email or phone first to set up an appointment.","The majority of correspondence dates from 1841 to 1916.  Other miscellaneous documents date through 1970. These letters and postcards represent leisure and business correspondence to and from the Clarkes and reflect concerns, beliefs and opinions of ordinary men and women of the nineteenth and early twentieth century. The photos within this collection date from the 1840s and include various methods of processing illustrative of the evolution of photographic procedures.  The majority of the photos are in carte de visite format.  Also included in the collection are cabinet mounted photos and Kodak box camera snapshots.  Additionally, photos taken in the 1970s depict the Clarke's ancestral home, Patmore Manor in Bishop Stortford, England. The transcription of an oral history interview conducted in 1998 with Alice B. Wilkes is also included.","Materials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. Any subsequent use of a reproduction in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement.","When using electronic copies or images, please keep in mind that copyright law applies. It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder.","Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact  Special Collections .","Florida Atlantic University Libraries","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SPC00001","/repositories/2/resources/44"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1840-1998, bulk 1841-1916"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Clarke Family Papers Collection, 1840-1998, bulk 1841-1916"],"collection_title_tesim":["Clarke Family Papers Collection, 1840-1998, bulk 1841-1916"],"collection_ssim":["Clarke Family Papers Collection, 1840-1998, bulk 1841-1916"],"repository_ssm":["Florida Atlantic University Libraries"],"repository_ssim":["Florida Atlantic University Libraries"],"access_terms_ssm":["Materials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. Any subsequent use of a reproduction in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement.","When using electronic copies or images, please keep in mind that copyright law applies. It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder.","Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact  Special Collections ."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["9.00 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["9.00 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollections are available for supervised use in the Special Collections reading room during regular hours or by appointment. Users are required to complete a registration form and to comply with regulations governing use. Research assistance may be available but please email or phone first to set up an appointment.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collections are available for supervised use in the Special Collections reading room during regular hours or by appointment. Users are required to complete a registration form and to comply with regulations governing use. Research assistance may be available but please email or phone first to set up an appointment."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection Title including series, if any; Box and item number; Special Collections; Florida Atlantic University Libraries, Boca Raton, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Collection Title including series, if any; Box and item number; Special Collections; Florida Atlantic University Libraries, Boca Raton, Florida."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe majority of correspondence dates from 1841 to 1916.\u0026#xA0; Other miscellaneous documents date through 1970. These letters and postcards represent leisure and business correspondence to and from the Clarkes and reflect concerns, beliefs and opinions of ordinary men and women of the nineteenth and early twentieth century. The photos within this collection date from the 1840s and include various methods of processing illustrative of the evolution of photographic procedures.\u0026#xA0; The majority of the photos are in carte de visite format.\u0026#xA0; Also included in the collection are cabinet mounted photos and Kodak box camera snapshots.\u0026#xA0; Additionally, photos taken in the 1970s depict the Clarke's ancestral home, Patmore Manor in Bishop Stortford, England. The transcription of an oral history interview conducted in 1998 with Alice B. Wilkes is also included.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The majority of correspondence dates from 1841 to 1916.  Other miscellaneous documents date through 1970. These letters and postcards represent leisure and business correspondence to and from the Clarkes and reflect concerns, beliefs and opinions of ordinary men and women of the nineteenth and early twentieth century. The photos within this collection date from the 1840s and include various methods of processing illustrative of the evolution of photographic procedures.  The majority of the photos are in carte de visite format.  Also included in the collection are cabinet mounted photos and Kodak box camera snapshots.  Additionally, photos taken in the 1970s depict the Clarke's ancestral home, Patmore Manor in Bishop Stortford, England. The transcription of an oral history interview conducted in 1998 with Alice B. Wilkes is also included."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. Any subsequent use of a reproduction in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhen using electronic copies or images, please keep in mind that copyright law applies. It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eShould the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact \u003ca href=\"mailto:lysca@fau.edu\"\u003eSpecial Collections\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. Any subsequent use of a reproduction in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement.","When using electronic copies or images, please keep in mind that copyright law applies. It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder.","Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact  Special Collections ."],"names_ssim":["Florida Atlantic University Libraries"],"corpname_ssim":["Florida Atlantic University Libraries"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":735,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870841995094654976,"_root_":"1d5e7fdf6af1935d8a10c98f","timestamp":"2026-07-16T03:52:40.678Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"1d5e7fdf6af1935d8a10c98f","title_ssm":["Clarke Family Papers Collection"],"title_tesim":["Clarke Family Papers Collection"],"ead_ssi":"1d5e7fdf6af1935d8a10c98f","unitdate_ssm":["1840-1998","1841-1916"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1841-1916"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1840-1998"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SPC00001","/repositories/2/resources/44"],"text":["SPC00001","/repositories/2/resources/44","Clarke Family Papers Collection, 1840-1998, bulk 1841-1916","Collections are available for supervised use in the Special Collections reading room during regular hours or by appointment. Users are required to complete a registration form and to comply with regulations governing use. Research assistance may be available but please email or phone first to set up an appointment.","The majority of correspondence dates from 1841 to 1916.  Other miscellaneous documents date through 1970. These letters and postcards represent leisure and business correspondence to and from the Clarkes and reflect concerns, beliefs and opinions of ordinary men and women of the nineteenth and early twentieth century. The photos within this collection date from the 1840s and include various methods of processing illustrative of the evolution of photographic procedures.  The majority of the photos are in carte de visite format.  Also included in the collection are cabinet mounted photos and Kodak box camera snapshots.  Additionally, photos taken in the 1970s depict the Clarke's ancestral home, Patmore Manor in Bishop Stortford, England. The transcription of an oral history interview conducted in 1998 with Alice B. Wilkes is also included.","Materials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. Any subsequent use of a reproduction in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement.","When using electronic copies or images, please keep in mind that copyright law applies. It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder.","Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact  Special Collections .","Florida Atlantic University Libraries","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SPC00001","/repositories/2/resources/44"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1840-1998, bulk 1841-1916"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Clarke Family Papers Collection, 1840-1998, bulk 1841-1916"],"collection_title_tesim":["Clarke Family Papers Collection, 1840-1998, bulk 1841-1916"],"collection_ssim":["Clarke Family Papers Collection, 1840-1998, bulk 1841-1916"],"repository_ssm":["Florida Atlantic University Libraries"],"repository_ssim":["Florida Atlantic University Libraries"],"access_terms_ssm":["Materials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. Any subsequent use of a reproduction in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement.","When using electronic copies or images, please keep in mind that copyright law applies. It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder.","Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact  Special Collections ."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["9.00 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["9.00 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollections are available for supervised use in the Special Collections reading room during regular hours or by appointment. Users are required to complete a registration form and to comply with regulations governing use. Research assistance may be available but please email or phone first to set up an appointment.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collections are available for supervised use in the Special Collections reading room during regular hours or by appointment. Users are required to complete a registration form and to comply with regulations governing use. Research assistance may be available but please email or phone first to set up an appointment."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection Title including series, if any; Box and item number; Special Collections; Florida Atlantic University Libraries, Boca Raton, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Collection Title including series, if any; Box and item number; Special Collections; Florida Atlantic University Libraries, Boca Raton, Florida."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe majority of correspondence dates from 1841 to 1916.\u0026#xA0; Other miscellaneous documents date through 1970. These letters and postcards represent leisure and business correspondence to and from the Clarkes and reflect concerns, beliefs and opinions of ordinary men and women of the nineteenth and early twentieth century. The photos within this collection date from the 1840s and include various methods of processing illustrative of the evolution of photographic procedures.\u0026#xA0; The majority of the photos are in carte de visite format.\u0026#xA0; Also included in the collection are cabinet mounted photos and Kodak box camera snapshots.\u0026#xA0; Additionally, photos taken in the 1970s depict the Clarke's ancestral home, Patmore Manor in Bishop Stortford, England. The transcription of an oral history interview conducted in 1998 with Alice B. Wilkes is also included.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The majority of correspondence dates from 1841 to 1916.  Other miscellaneous documents date through 1970. These letters and postcards represent leisure and business correspondence to and from the Clarkes and reflect concerns, beliefs and opinions of ordinary men and women of the nineteenth and early twentieth century. The photos within this collection date from the 1840s and include various methods of processing illustrative of the evolution of photographic procedures.  The majority of the photos are in carte de visite format.  Also included in the collection are cabinet mounted photos and Kodak box camera snapshots.  Additionally, photos taken in the 1970s depict the Clarke's ancestral home, Patmore Manor in Bishop Stortford, England. The transcription of an oral history interview conducted in 1998 with Alice B. Wilkes is also included."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. Any subsequent use of a reproduction in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhen using electronic copies or images, please keep in mind that copyright law applies. It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eShould the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact \u003ca href=\"mailto:lysca@fau.edu\"\u003eSpecial Collections\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials in the collections are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accord with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). FAU Libraries adhere to all conditions specified in the law when providing reproductions of copyrighted material. Any subsequent use of a reproduction in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement.","When using electronic copies or images, please keep in mind that copyright law applies. It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the rights holder when copying material in excess of fair use. Restriction in the copying of materials may be imposed if the researcher does not have written permission from the rights holder.","Should the researcher use or reproduce special collections material when submitting or publishing his or her own writing or research, the author should credit Florida Atlantic University Libraries Special Collections. If research at FAU Special Collections results in publication, we would appreciate citation information that would allow us to reference that work to future researchers. Also, If the researcher desires to reuse material for commercial use, please contact  Special Collections ."],"names_ssim":["Florida Atlantic University Libraries"],"corpname_ssim":["Florida Atlantic University Libraries"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":735,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870841995094654976,"_root_":"1d5e7fdf6af1935d8a10c98f","timestamp":"2026-07-16T03:52:40.678Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/1d5e7fdf6af1935d8a10c98f"}},{"id":"b92b5adf965dd8224ba32cc0","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Collection of Spanish Plays, 1835-1941","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/b92b5adf965dd8224ba32cc0#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["These materials are 92 Spanish plays from the 19th and early 20th century. 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Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_64782954f583a6b064123ca856e5d6b6\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThese materials are 92 Spanish plays from the 19th and early 20th century. The plays are written in Spanish and contain a variey of genres spanning from opera to drama to comedy.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["These materials are 92 Spanish plays from the 19th and early 20th century. The plays are written in Spanish and contain a variey of genres spanning from opera to drama to comedy."],"names_ssim":["UCF Special Collections","Coll, Gaspar Fernando, 1826-1855","Olona, Luis, 1823-1863","Vega, Ventura de la, 1807-1865","Vega, Ricardo de la, 1839-1910"],"corpname_ssim":["UCF Special Collections"],"names_coll_ssim":["Coll, Gaspar Fernando, 1826-1855","Olona, Luis, 1823-1863","Vega, Ventura de la, 1807-1865","Vega, Ricardo de la, 1839-1910"],"persname_ssim":["Coll, Gaspar Fernando, 1826-1855","Olona, Luis, 1823-1863","Vega, Ventura de la, 1807-1865","Vega, Ricardo de la, 1839-1910"],"language_ssim":["Spanish; Castilian"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":92,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870858005929525248,"_root_":"b92b5adf965dd8224ba32cc0","timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:07:09.897Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/b92b5adf965dd8224ba32cc0"}},{"id":"b713781a8cdba54e08cc0f29","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Colonel William Morrison Robinson Jr. papers, 1854-1965","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/b713781a8cdba54e08cc0f29#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is comprised of materials related to the military career and history of Colonel William Morrison Robinson, Jr. Much of the material deals with research and preparation for his books, The Confederate privateers, and Justice in Grey, a history of the judicial system of the Confederate States. Subjects covered by this collection include: American Legal History Society, Harvard University Press, segregation and integration, Confederate commerce, Confederate courts, Colonial national monument in Yorktown, Virginia, Georgia railroads, privateering, Cape Canaveral history, Civil War commanders, Gustavus Woods, Dr. Jonathan J. Jones, fluoridation in Quincy, Florida, Civil War blockade, Confederate engineers, Confederate Navy, C.S.S. Virginia, Georgia history, Mobile, Alabama history, Marcellus A. Stovall, submarines, Texas Navy, United States Coastal and Geodetic Survey, Virginia history, Volunteer Navy, Reconstruction, Confederate uniforms, John Taylor Wood, 14th Amendment, Georgia's Navy, British colonies, Norfolk Navy yard photographs, Pensacola fortifications, Pensacola Bay photographs, Florida maps, and South Africa.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/b713781a8cdba54e08cc0f29#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"b713781a8cdba54e08cc0f29","title_ssm":["Colonel William Morrison Robinson Jr. papers"],"title_tesim":["Colonel William Morrison Robinson Jr. papers"],"ead_ssi":"b713781a8cdba54e08cc0f29","unitdate_ssm":["1854-1965"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1854-1965"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 86-20","/repositories/10/resources/1130"],"text":["MSS 86-20","/repositories/10/resources/1130","Colonel William Morrison Robinson Jr. papers, 1854-1965","United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","Military history, Modern--19th century.","Collection is open to all researchers. ","This collection is in an offsite storage location. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information.","Colonel William Morrison Robinson, Jr. (1891-1965) was a native of Augusta, Georgia who moved to Quincy, Florida after his retirement from the army in 1950. His active military service in the United States Army Corps of Engineers included tours of duty in both world wars; in France, 1917-1919, and in the Pacific, 1943-1945.\n Colonel Robinson was a graduate of the Georgia School of Technology with degrees in science and civil engineering. He received an honorary degree of doctor of humanities from Florida State University in 1955.\n He was regarded as an authority in the field of history, particularly naval and many specialized phases of Confederate history.","This collection is comprised of materials related to the military career and history of Colonel William Morrison Robinson, Jr. Much of the material deals with research and preparation for his books, The Confederate privateers, and Justice in Grey, a history of the judicial system of the Confederate States. Subjects covered by this collection include: American Legal History Society, Harvard University Press, segregation and integration, Confederate commerce, Confederate courts, Colonial national monument in Yorktown, Virginia, Georgia railroads, privateering, Cape Canaveral history, Civil War commanders, Gustavus Woods, Dr. Jonathan J. Jones, fluoridation in Quincy, Florida, Civil War blockade, Confederate engineers, Confederate Navy, C.S.S. 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Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Mrs. Sarah Watson Robinson"],"access_subjects_ssim":["United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","Military history, Modern--19th century."],"access_subjects_ssm":["United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","Military history, Modern--19th century."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1522.00 items"],"extent_tesim":["1522.00 items"],"date_range_isim":[1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis collection is in an offsite storage location. 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He received an honorary degree of doctor of humanities from Florida State University in 1955.\n He was regarded as an authority in the field of history, particularly naval and many specialized phases of Confederate history."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eColonel William Morrison Robinson Jr. Papers, Special Collections and Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida.\nhttps://purl.lib.fsu.edu/fa/MSS-86-20\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Colonel William Morrison Robinson Jr. Papers, Special Collections and Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida.\nhttps://purl.lib.fsu.edu/fa/MSS-86-20"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is comprised of materials related to the military career and history of Colonel William Morrison Robinson, Jr. Much of the material deals with research and preparation for his books, The Confederate privateers, and Justice in Grey, a history of the judicial system of the Confederate States. Subjects covered by this collection include: American Legal History Society, Harvard University Press, segregation and integration, Confederate commerce, Confederate courts, Colonial national monument in Yorktown, Virginia, Georgia railroads, privateering, Cape Canaveral history, Civil War commanders, Gustavus Woods, Dr. Jonathan J. Jones, fluoridation in Quincy, Florida, Civil War blockade, Confederate engineers, Confederate Navy, C.S.S. Virginia, Georgia history, Mobile, Alabama history, Marcellus A. 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","This collection is in an offsite storage location. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information.","Colonel William Morrison Robinson, Jr. (1891-1965) was a native of Augusta, Georgia who moved to Quincy, Florida after his retirement from the army in 1950. His active military service in the United States Army Corps of Engineers included tours of duty in both world wars; in France, 1917-1919, and in the Pacific, 1943-1945.\n Colonel Robinson was a graduate of the Georgia School of Technology with degrees in science and civil engineering. He received an honorary degree of doctor of humanities from Florida State University in 1955.\n He was regarded as an authority in the field of history, particularly naval and many specialized phases of Confederate history.","This collection is comprised of materials related to the military career and history of Colonel William Morrison Robinson, Jr. Much of the material deals with research and preparation for his books, The Confederate privateers, and Justice in Grey, a history of the judicial system of the Confederate States. Subjects covered by this collection include: American Legal History Society, Harvard University Press, segregation and integration, Confederate commerce, Confederate courts, Colonial national monument in Yorktown, Virginia, Georgia railroads, privateering, Cape Canaveral history, Civil War commanders, Gustavus Woods, Dr. Jonathan J. Jones, fluoridation in Quincy, Florida, Civil War blockade, Confederate engineers, Confederate Navy, C.S.S. Virginia, Georgia history, Mobile, Alabama history, Marcellus A. Stovall, submarines, Texas Navy, United States Coastal and Geodetic Survey, Virginia history, Volunteer Navy, Reconstruction, Confederate uniforms, John Taylor Wood, 14th Amendment, Georgia's Navy, British colonies, Norfolk Navy yard photographs, Pensacola fortifications, Pensacola Bay photographs, Florida maps, and South Africa.","Also contains MSS 89-10","All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.","FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Confederate States of America. Navy.","United States. 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Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. ","This collection is in an offsite storage location. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eColonel William Morrison Robinson, Jr. (1891-1965) was a native of Augusta, Georgia who moved to Quincy, Florida after his retirement from the army in 1950. His active military service in the United States Army Corps of Engineers included tours of duty in both world wars; in France, 1917-1919, and in the Pacific, 1943-1945.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eColonel Robinson was a graduate of the Georgia School of Technology with degrees in science and civil engineering. He received an honorary degree of doctor of humanities from Florida State University in 1955.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHe was regarded as an authority in the field of history, particularly naval and many specialized phases of Confederate history.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Colonel William Morrison Robinson, Jr. (1891-1965) was a native of Augusta, Georgia who moved to Quincy, Florida after his retirement from the army in 1950. His active military service in the United States Army Corps of Engineers included tours of duty in both world wars; in France, 1917-1919, and in the Pacific, 1943-1945.\n Colonel Robinson was a graduate of the Georgia School of Technology with degrees in science and civil engineering. He received an honorary degree of doctor of humanities from Florida State University in 1955.\n He was regarded as an authority in the field of history, particularly naval and many specialized phases of Confederate history."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eColonel William Morrison Robinson Jr. Papers, Special Collections and Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida.\nhttps://purl.lib.fsu.edu/fa/MSS-86-20\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Colonel William Morrison Robinson Jr. Papers, Special Collections and Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida.\nhttps://purl.lib.fsu.edu/fa/MSS-86-20"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is comprised of materials related to the military career and history of Colonel William Morrison Robinson, Jr. Much of the material deals with research and preparation for his books, The Confederate privateers, and Justice in Grey, a history of the judicial system of the Confederate States. Subjects covered by this collection include: American Legal History Society, Harvard University Press, segregation and integration, Confederate commerce, Confederate courts, Colonial national monument in Yorktown, Virginia, Georgia railroads, privateering, Cape Canaveral history, Civil War commanders, Gustavus Woods, Dr. Jonathan J. Jones, fluoridation in Quincy, Florida, Civil War blockade, Confederate engineers, Confederate Navy, C.S.S. Virginia, Georgia history, Mobile, Alabama history, Marcellus A. Stovall, submarines, Texas Navy, United States Coastal and Geodetic Survey, Virginia history, Volunteer Navy, Reconstruction, Confederate uniforms, John Taylor Wood, 14th Amendment, Georgia's Navy, British colonies, Norfolk Navy yard photographs, Pensacola fortifications, Pensacola Bay photographs, Florida maps, and South Africa.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlso contains MSS 89-10\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection is comprised of materials related to the military career and history of Colonel William Morrison Robinson, Jr. Much of the material deals with research and preparation for his books, The Confederate privateers, and Justice in Grey, a history of the judicial system of the Confederate States. Subjects covered by this collection include: American Legal History Society, Harvard University Press, segregation and integration, Confederate commerce, Confederate courts, Colonial national monument in Yorktown, Virginia, Georgia railroads, privateering, Cape Canaveral history, Civil War commanders, Gustavus Woods, Dr. Jonathan J. Jones, fluoridation in Quincy, Florida, Civil War blockade, Confederate engineers, Confederate Navy, C.S.S. Virginia, Georgia history, Mobile, Alabama history, Marcellus A. Stovall, submarines, Texas Navy, United States Coastal and Geodetic Survey, Virginia history, Volunteer Navy, Reconstruction, Confederate uniforms, John Taylor Wood, 14th Amendment, Georgia's Navy, British colonies, Norfolk Navy yard photographs, Pensacola fortifications, Pensacola Bay photographs, Florida maps, and South Africa.","Also contains MSS 89-10"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"names_coll_ssim":["Confederate States of America. Navy.","United States. Navy","Confederate States of America"],"names_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Confederate States of America. Navy.","United States. 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Also known as MSS 0-72\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/d1c9ba2309a2f9f96a00dff1#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"d1c9ba2309a2f9f96a00dff1","title_ssm":["Confederate Money"],"title_tesim":["Confederate Money"],"ead_ssi":"d1c9ba2309a2f9f96a00dff1","unitdate_ssm":["1835-1864"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1835-1864"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 1965-072","/repositories/10/resources/616"],"text":["MSS 1965-072","/repositories/10/resources/616","Confederate Money, 1835-1864","Apalachicola (Fla.)","Athens (Tenn.)","Money--Confederate States of America.","Paper money--Confederate States of America","Bank notes","United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","This collection is open to all researchers. ","This collection is in an offsite storage location. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information.","The Confederate States of America, also called the Confederacy in the American Civil War, was the government of 11 southern states that seceded from the Union in 1860-61. It carried on all the affairs of a separate government and conducted a major war until it was defeated in the spring of 1865. The Confederacy's early attempts to raise funds centered on printing money, which proved highly inflationary, and issuing bonds that could be paid for in-kind. (Taken from the Brittanica Online Encyclopedia)","This collection is available online as part of the  FSU Digital Library .","Processed April, 1965.","Collection of Confederate and pre-Confederate bank notes of various dates 1835-1864 from Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee, and Virginia. Also known as MSS 0-72","All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.","FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Confederate States of America","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 1965-072","/repositories/10/resources/616"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1835-1864"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Confederate Money, 1835-1864"],"collection_title_tesim":["Confederate Money, 1835-1864"],"collection_ssim":["Confederate Money, 1835-1864"],"repository_ssm":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Apalachicola (Fla.)","Athens (Tenn.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Apalachicola (Fla.)","Athens (Tenn.)"],"places_ssim":["Apalachicola (Fla.)","Athens (Tenn.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gifts of various donors as listed.","Gifts of various donors and received by FSU at dates listed below:","1. Gift of Treasury Department, Washington, D.C. 18 Confederate notes printed at Richmond, Virginia. Dated 1861-1864. Received by FSU Library, February, 1913.","2. Gift of Dr. Louis C. Karpinski, Ann Arbor, Michigan. One Confederate bank note. Apalachicola, Florida. Received by FSU Library May, 1949.","3. Gift of Louise Richardson, Tallahassee, Florida. One bank note. Bank of St. Johns, Jacksonville, Florida. 1859. Date received not recorded.","4. Gift of Mary Louise Snodgrass, student FSCW class of 1929. Five bank notes: Athens, Tenn., Parish of Point Coupee, and Richmond, Va. Dated 1861-1862. Received by FSCW Library 1929.","5. Gift of Lucy Lester, Professor, FSU, Tallahassee, Florida. One bank note. Florida, 1861. Received by FSCW Library July 10, 1935.","6. Gift of Mr. Hazen, address unknown. Ten bank notes: Florida, Alabama and Georgia. Dated 1858-1864.","7. Gift of Eupha Turner, address unknown. Seven bank notes: Louisiana, Mississippi, and C.S.A. Received by FSCW Library, August 1929.","8. Gift of Mrs. D.A. Avant, Tallahassee, Florida. Two bank notes: Bank of Florida. Dated 1835 and 1836. Received by FSU Library, October 2, 1950."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Money--Confederate States of America.","Paper money--Confederate States of America","Bank notes","United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Money--Confederate States of America.","Paper money--Confederate States of America","Bank notes","United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["44.00 items 1 Folder"],"extent_tesim":["44.00 items 1 Folder"],"date_range_isim":[1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to all researchers. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis collection is in an offsite storage location. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to all researchers. ","This collection is in an offsite storage location. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Confederate States of America, also called the Confederacy in the American Civil War, was the government of 11 southern states that seceded from the Union in 1860-61. It carried on all the affairs of a separate government and conducted a major war until it was defeated in the spring of 1865. The Confederacy's early attempts to raise funds centered on printing money, which proved highly inflationary, and issuing bonds that could be paid for in-kind. (Taken from the Brittanica Online Encyclopedia)\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Confederate States of America, also called the Confederacy in the American Civil War, was the government of 11 southern states that seceded from the Union in 1860-61. It carried on all the affairs of a separate government and conducted a major war until it was defeated in the spring of 1865. The Confederacy's early attempts to raise funds centered on printing money, which proved highly inflationary, and issuing bonds that could be paid for in-kind. (Taken from the Brittanica Online Encyclopedia)"],"originalsloc_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is available online as part of the \u003cextref href=\"http://fsu.digital.flvc.org/islandora/search/?type=edismax\u0026amp;collection=fsu%3Acivilwarmanuscripts\"\u003eFSU Digital Library\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"originalsloc_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Originals"],"originalsloc_tesim":["This collection is available online as part of the  FSU Digital Library ."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eConfederate Money, Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/MSS_1965-072\"\u003ehttp://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/MSS_1965-072\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Confederate Money, Special Collections \u0026 Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida.  http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/MSS_1965-072 ."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed April, 1965.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed April, 1965."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection of Confederate and pre-Confederate bank notes of various dates 1835-1864 from Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee, and Virginia. 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Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"names_coll_ssim":["Confederate States of America"],"names_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Confederate States of America"],"corpname_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Confederate States of America"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"d1c9ba2309a2f9f96a00dff1","timestamp":"2026-07-08T11:45:12.810Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"d1c9ba2309a2f9f96a00dff1","title_ssm":["Confederate Money"],"title_tesim":["Confederate Money"],"ead_ssi":"d1c9ba2309a2f9f96a00dff1","unitdate_ssm":["1835-1864"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1835-1864"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 1965-072","/repositories/10/resources/616"],"text":["MSS 1965-072","/repositories/10/resources/616","Confederate Money, 1835-1864","Apalachicola (Fla.)","Athens (Tenn.)","Money--Confederate States of America.","Paper money--Confederate States of America","Bank notes","United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","This collection is open to all researchers. ","This collection is in an offsite storage location. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information.","The Confederate States of America, also called the Confederacy in the American Civil War, was the government of 11 southern states that seceded from the Union in 1860-61. It carried on all the affairs of a separate government and conducted a major war until it was defeated in the spring of 1865. The Confederacy's early attempts to raise funds centered on printing money, which proved highly inflationary, and issuing bonds that could be paid for in-kind. (Taken from the Brittanica Online Encyclopedia)","This collection is available online as part of the  FSU Digital Library .","Processed April, 1965.","Collection of Confederate and pre-Confederate bank notes of various dates 1835-1864 from Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee, and Virginia. 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Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.","FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Confederate States of America","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 1965-072","/repositories/10/resources/616"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1835-1864"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Confederate Money, 1835-1864"],"collection_title_tesim":["Confederate Money, 1835-1864"],"collection_ssim":["Confederate Money, 1835-1864"],"repository_ssm":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Apalachicola (Fla.)","Athens (Tenn.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Apalachicola (Fla.)","Athens (Tenn.)"],"places_ssim":["Apalachicola (Fla.)","Athens (Tenn.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. 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Received by FSCW Library 1929.","5. Gift of Lucy Lester, Professor, FSU, Tallahassee, Florida. One bank note. Florida, 1861. Received by FSCW Library July 10, 1935.","6. Gift of Mr. Hazen, address unknown. Ten bank notes: Florida, Alabama and Georgia. Dated 1858-1864.","7. Gift of Eupha Turner, address unknown. Seven bank notes: Louisiana, Mississippi, and C.S.A. Received by FSCW Library, August 1929.","8. Gift of Mrs. D.A. Avant, Tallahassee, Florida. Two bank notes: Bank of Florida. Dated 1835 and 1836. 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Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to all researchers. ","This collection is in an offsite storage location. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Confederate States of America, also called the Confederacy in the American Civil War, was the government of 11 southern states that seceded from the Union in 1860-61. It carried on all the affairs of a separate government and conducted a major war until it was defeated in the spring of 1865. The Confederacy's early attempts to raise funds centered on printing money, which proved highly inflationary, and issuing bonds that could be paid for in-kind. (Taken from the Brittanica Online Encyclopedia)\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Confederate States of America, also called the Confederacy in the American Civil War, was the government of 11 southern states that seceded from the Union in 1860-61. It carried on all the affairs of a separate government and conducted a major war until it was defeated in the spring of 1865. The Confederacy's early attempts to raise funds centered on printing money, which proved highly inflationary, and issuing bonds that could be paid for in-kind. (Taken from the Brittanica Online Encyclopedia)"],"originalsloc_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is available online as part of the \u003cextref href=\"http://fsu.digital.flvc.org/islandora/search/?type=edismax\u0026amp;collection=fsu%3Acivilwarmanuscripts\"\u003eFSU Digital Library\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"originalsloc_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Originals"],"originalsloc_tesim":["This collection is available online as part of the  FSU Digital Library ."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eConfederate Money, Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/MSS_1965-072\"\u003ehttp://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/MSS_1965-072\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Confederate Money, Special Collections \u0026 Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida.  http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/MSS_1965-072 ."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed April, 1965.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed April, 1965."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection of Confederate and pre-Confederate bank notes of various dates 1835-1864 from Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee, and Virginia. Also known as MSS 0-72\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Collection of Confederate and pre-Confederate bank notes of various dates 1835-1864 from Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee, and Virginia. Also known as MSS 0-72"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"names_coll_ssim":["Confederate States of America"],"names_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Confederate States of America"],"corpname_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Confederate States of America"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"d1c9ba2309a2f9f96a00dff1","timestamp":"2026-07-08T11:45:12.810Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/d1c9ba2309a2f9f96a00dff1"}},{"id":"9103edeb73f113d6780867e7","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Creek Indian Project Records, 1817-1981, Date acquired: 06/00/1981, bulk 1950-1981","creator":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/9103edeb73f113d6780867e7#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["Dysart, Jane."],"label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/9103edeb73f113d6780867e7#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eRecords and papers pertaining to the Creek Indians of Northwest Florida, collected by the University of West Florida faculty members, Jane Dysart and Lucius Ellsworth, as part of a grant project. Records include research bibliographies and research publications dealing with the history of the Creek Indians from earliest settlement to 1980, census records, claims made to the federal government in 1906 and 1957, a newspaper index of materials about the Creeks in Northwest Florida (1950-1980), records about the efforts toward formal recognition, and oral histories of Creek Indians of Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/9103edeb73f113d6780867e7#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"9103edeb73f113d6780867e7","title_ssm":["Creek Indian Project Records"],"title_tesim":["Creek Indian Project Records"],"ead_ssi":"9103edeb73f113d6780867e7","unitdate_ssm":["1817-1981","1950-1981","Date acquired: 06/00/1981"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1950-1981"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1817-1981"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 06/00/1981"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M1981-07","/repositories/2/resources/158"],"text":["M1981-07","/repositories/2/resources/158","Creek Indian Project Records, 1817-1981, Date acquired: 06/00/1981, bulk 1950-1981","Creek Indians--Florida.","Indexes (reference sources)--Florida.","Bibliographies--Florida.","Census records--Florida.","Oral histories--Florida.","Open to researchers, dependent on our compliance with U.S. Copyright Law, HIPPA requirements, donor agreements and other applicable state and federal statutes.  Occasionally we may need to review a collection before permitting immediate access.","Revised 02/21/1985","Revised 07/12/1983","Cataloged 12/18/1981","Records and papers pertaining to the Creek Indians of Northwest Florida, collected by the University of West Florida faculty members, Jane Dysart and Lucius Ellsworth, as part of a grant project.  Records include research bibliographies and research publications dealing with the history of the Creek Indians from earliest settlement to 1980, census records, claims made to the federal government in 1906 and 1957, a newspaper index of materials about the Creeks in Northwest Florida (1950-1980), records about the efforts toward formal recognition, and oral histories of Creek Indians of Florida.","A detailed inventory of the oral histories, narrators, and subjects is available.","Digital photography, scanning, and photocopying of materials is prohibited.  Permission may be granted by the Special Collections Librarian for such reprography dependent on issues of copyright, ownership, condition, donor agreements, etc.  In general, staff do not make reproductions of copyright materials or materials for which title is not owned by the institution.  Recent revisions in the U.S. Copyright Law extended the copyright of correspondence, letters, and other personal papers to the life of the author plus seventy years.","Special Collections does not have signed releases for all of the oral history tapes.","UWF University Archives and West Florida History Center","Dysart, Jane.","Ellsworth, Lucius F.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["M1981-07","/repositories/2/resources/158"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1817-1981, Date acquired: 06/00/1981, bulk 1950-1981"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Creek Indian Project Records, 1817-1981, Date acquired: 06/00/1981, bulk 1950-1981"],"collection_title_tesim":["Creek Indian Project Records, 1817-1981, Date acquired: 06/00/1981, bulk 1950-1981"],"collection_ssim":["Creek Indian Project Records, 1817-1981, Date acquired: 06/00/1981, bulk 1950-1981"],"repository_ssm":["UWF University Archives and West Florida History Center"],"repository_ssim":["UWF University Archives and West Florida History Center"],"creator_ssm":["Dysart, Jane.","Ellsworth, Lucius F."],"creator_ssim":["Dysart, Jane.","Ellsworth, Lucius F."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Dysart, Jane.","Ellsworth, Lucius F."],"creators_ssim":["Dysart, Jane.","Ellsworth, Lucius F."],"access_terms_ssm":["Digital photography, scanning, and photocopying of materials is prohibited.  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Recent revisions in the U.S. Copyright Law extended the copyright of correspondence, letters, and other personal papers to the life of the author plus seventy years.","Special Collections does not have signed releases for all of the oral history tapes."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Dr. Jane Dysart and Dr. Lucius Ellsworth, June 1981"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Creek Indians--Florida.","Indexes (reference sources)--Florida.","Bibliographies--Florida.","Census records--Florida.","Oral histories--Florida."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Creek Indians--Florida.","Indexes (reference sources)--Florida.","Bibliographies--Florida.","Census records--Florida.","Oral histories--Florida."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1096.00 items"],"extent_tesim":["1096.00 items"],"genreform_ssim":["Indexes (reference sources)--Florida.","Bibliographies--Florida.","Census records--Florida.","Oral histories--Florida."],"date_range_isim":[1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOpen to researchers, dependent on our compliance with U.S. Copyright Law, HIPPA requirements, donor agreements and other applicable state and federal statutes.  Occasionally we may need to review a collection before permitting immediate access.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Open to researchers, dependent on our compliance with U.S. Copyright Law, HIPPA requirements, donor agreements and other applicable state and federal statutes.  Occasionally we may need to review a collection before permitting immediate access."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRevised 02/21/1985\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRevised 07/12/1983\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCataloged 12/18/1981\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Revised 02/21/1985","Revised 07/12/1983","Cataloged 12/18/1981"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords and papers pertaining to the Creek Indians of Northwest Florida, collected by the University of West Florida faculty members, Jane Dysart and Lucius Ellsworth, as part of a grant project.  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Records include research bibliographies and research publications dealing with the history of the Creek Indians from earliest settlement to 1980, census records, claims made to the federal government in 1906 and 1957, a newspaper index of materials about the Creeks in Northwest Florida (1950-1980), records about the efforts toward formal recognition, and oral histories of Creek Indians of Florida.","A detailed inventory of the oral histories, narrators, and subjects is available."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDigital photography, scanning, and photocopying of materials is prohibited.  Permission may be granted by the Special Collections Librarian for such reprography dependent on issues of copyright, ownership, condition, donor agreements, etc.  In general, staff do not make reproductions of copyright materials or materials for which title is not owned by the institution.  Recent revisions in the U.S. Copyright Law extended the copyright of correspondence, letters, and other personal papers to the life of the author plus seventy years.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections does not have signed releases for all of the oral history tapes.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Digital photography, scanning, and photocopying of materials is prohibited.  Permission may be granted by the Special Collections Librarian for such reprography dependent on issues of copyright, ownership, condition, donor agreements, etc.  In general, staff do not make reproductions of copyright materials or materials for which title is not owned by the institution.  Recent revisions in the U.S. Copyright Law extended the copyright of correspondence, letters, and other personal papers to the life of the author plus seventy years.","Special Collections does not have signed releases for all of the oral history tapes."],"names_ssim":["UWF University Archives and West Florida History Center","Dysart, Jane.","Ellsworth, Lucius F."],"corpname_ssim":["UWF University Archives and West Florida History Center"],"names_coll_ssim":["Ellsworth, Lucius F.","Dysart, Jane."],"persname_ssim":["Dysart, Jane.","Ellsworth, Lucius F."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":109,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870863398917373952,"_root_":"9103edeb73f113d6780867e7","timestamp":"2026-07-16T09:32:53.050Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"9103edeb73f113d6780867e7","title_ssm":["Creek Indian Project Records"],"title_tesim":["Creek Indian Project Records"],"ead_ssi":"9103edeb73f113d6780867e7","unitdate_ssm":["1817-1981","1950-1981","Date acquired: 06/00/1981"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1950-1981"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1817-1981"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 06/00/1981"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M1981-07","/repositories/2/resources/158"],"text":["M1981-07","/repositories/2/resources/158","Creek Indian Project Records, 1817-1981, Date acquired: 06/00/1981, bulk 1950-1981","Creek Indians--Florida.","Indexes (reference sources)--Florida.","Bibliographies--Florida.","Census records--Florida.","Oral histories--Florida.","Open to researchers, dependent on our compliance with U.S. Copyright Law, HIPPA requirements, donor agreements and other applicable state and federal statutes.  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Recent revisions in the U.S. Copyright Law extended the copyright of correspondence, letters, and other personal papers to the life of the author plus seventy years.","Special Collections does not have signed releases for all of the oral history tapes."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Dr. Jane Dysart and Dr. Lucius Ellsworth, June 1981"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Creek Indians--Florida.","Indexes (reference sources)--Florida.","Bibliographies--Florida.","Census records--Florida.","Oral histories--Florida."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Creek Indians--Florida.","Indexes (reference sources)--Florida.","Bibliographies--Florida.","Census records--Florida.","Oral histories--Florida."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1096.00 items"],"extent_tesim":["1096.00 items"],"genreform_ssim":["Indexes (reference sources)--Florida.","Bibliographies--Florida.","Census records--Florida.","Oral histories--Florida."],"date_range_isim":[1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOpen to researchers, dependent on our compliance with U.S. Copyright Law, HIPPA requirements, donor agreements and other applicable state and federal statutes.  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Recent revisions in the U.S. Copyright Law extended the copyright of correspondence, letters, and other personal papers to the life of the author plus seventy years.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections does not have signed releases for all of the oral history tapes.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Digital photography, scanning, and photocopying of materials is prohibited.  Permission may be granted by the Special Collections Librarian for such reprography dependent on issues of copyright, ownership, condition, donor agreements, etc.  In general, staff do not make reproductions of copyright materials or materials for which title is not owned by the institution.  Recent revisions in the U.S. Copyright Law extended the copyright of correspondence, letters, and other personal papers to the life of the author plus seventy years.","Special Collections does not have signed releases for all of the oral history tapes."],"names_ssim":["UWF University Archives and West Florida History Center","Dysart, Jane.","Ellsworth, Lucius F."],"corpname_ssim":["UWF University Archives and West Florida History Center"],"names_coll_ssim":["Ellsworth, Lucius F.","Dysart, Jane."],"persname_ssim":["Dysart, Jane.","Ellsworth, Lucius F."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":109,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870863398917373952,"_root_":"9103edeb73f113d6780867e7","timestamp":"2026-07-16T09:32:53.050Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/9103edeb73f113d6780867e7"}},{"id":"9538d40a3a2552d60fae89b8","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Cuban Archives, 1786-1989, bulk 1960-1975","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/9538d40a3a2552d60fae89b8#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eLa colección incluye periódicos, correspondencia, documentos oficiales y papeles personales sobre el comunismo, con un enfoque en las Américas. La mayor parte de la colección se centra en los exiliados cubanos del regimen de Fidel Castro, y se incluyen noticias internacionales sobre el comunismo. Adicionalmente, la colección incluye documentos del Directorio Revolucionario Estudiantil en México y su organizaciones aliadas, con documentos personales de líderes de la DRE como Ángel Fernández González. La mayor parte de los ducumentos incluídos en la colleccion estan en español.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/9538d40a3a2552d60fae89b8#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"9538d40a3a2552d60fae89b8","title_ssm":["Cuban Archives"],"title_tesim":["Cuban Archives"],"ead_ssi":"9538d40a3a2552d60fae89b8","unitdate_ssm":["1786-1989","1960-1975"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1960-1975"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1786-1989"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SPC2000","/repositories/2/resources/114"],"text":["SPC2000","/repositories/2/resources/114","Cuban Archives, 1786-1989, bulk 1960-1975","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged into three Series: ","Series I: Published Materials\nSeries II: Visual/Audio Materials\nSeries III: Oversized Materials","La colección incluye periódicos, correspondencia, documentos oficiales y papeles personales sobre el comunismo, con un enfoque en las Américas. La mayor parte de la colección se centra en los exiliados cubanos del regimen de Fidel Castro, y se incluyen noticias internacionales sobre el comunismo. Adicionalmente, la colección incluye documentos del Directorio Revolucionario Estudiantil en México y su organizaciones aliadas, con documentos personales de líderes de la DRE como Ángel Fernández González. La mayor parte de los ducumentos incluídos en la colleccion estan en español.","The collection includes newspapers, correspondences, official documents, and personal papers of the effects of Communism particularly in the Americas. Majority of the collection focuses on Cuban exiles, with international news regarding Communism being included. Additionally, the collection includes documents from the Directorio Revolucionario Estudiantil in Mexico and allied organizations, with personal documents from leaders of the DRE such as Angel Fernandez Gonzalez. The majority of the document in the collection is in Spanish.","Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general","FIU Special Collections","La gran mayoría de esta colección está en español, con solo unos artículos en inglés, portugués brasileño o alemán.\n\nThe vast majority of this collection is in Spanish, with only a few items in either English, Brazilian Portuguese, or German."],"unitid_tesim":["SPC2000","/repositories/2/resources/114"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1786-1989, bulk 1960-1975"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Cuban Archives, 1786-1989, bulk 1960-1975"],"collection_title_tesim":["Cuban Archives, 1786-1989, bulk 1960-1975"],"collection_ssim":["Cuban Archives, 1786-1989, bulk 1960-1975"],"repository_ssm":["FIU Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["8 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["8 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into three Series: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Published Materials\nSeries II: Visual/Audio Materials\nSeries III: Oversized Materials\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into three Series: ","Series I: Published Materials\nSeries II: Visual/Audio Materials\nSeries III: Oversized Materials"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLa colecci\u0026#xF3;n incluye peri\u0026#xF3;dicos, correspondencia, documentos oficiales y papeles personales sobre el comunismo, con un enfoque en las Am\u0026#xE9;ricas. La mayor parte de la colecci\u0026#xF3;n se centra en los exiliados cubanos del regimen de Fidel Castro, y se incluyen noticias internacionales sobre el comunismo. Adicionalmente, la colecci\u0026#xF3;n incluye documentos del Directorio Revolucionario Estudiantil en M\u0026#xE9;xico y su organizaciones aliadas, con documentos personales de l\u0026#xED;deres de la DRE como \u0026#xC1;ngel Fern\u0026#xE1;ndez Gonz\u0026#xE1;lez. La mayor parte de los ducumentos inclu\u0026#xED;dos en la colleccion estan en espa\u0026#xF1;ol.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes newspapers, correspondences, official documents, and personal papers of the effects of Communism particularly in the Americas. Majority of the collection focuses on Cuban exiles, with international news regarding Communism being included. Additionally, the collection includes documents from the Directorio Revolucionario Estudiantil in Mexico and allied organizations, with personal documents from leaders of the DRE such as Angel Fernandez Gonzalez. The majority of the document in the collection is in Spanish.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["La colección incluye periódicos, correspondencia, documentos oficiales y papeles personales sobre el comunismo, con un enfoque en las Américas. La mayor parte de la colección se centra en los exiliados cubanos del regimen de Fidel Castro, y se incluyen noticias internacionales sobre el comunismo. Adicionalmente, la colección incluye documentos del Directorio Revolucionario Estudiantil en México y su organizaciones aliadas, con documentos personales de líderes de la DRE como Ángel Fernández González. La mayor parte de los ducumentos incluídos en la colleccion estan en español.","The collection includes newspapers, correspondences, official documents, and personal papers of the effects of Communism particularly in the Americas. Majority of the collection focuses on Cuban exiles, with international news regarding Communism being included. Additionally, the collection includes documents from the Directorio Revolucionario Estudiantil in Mexico and allied organizations, with personal documents from leaders of the DRE such as Angel Fernandez Gonzalez. The majority of the document in the collection is in Spanish."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections \u0026amp; University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"names_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"corpname_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"language_ssim":["La gran mayoría de esta colección está en español, con solo unos artículos en inglés, portugués brasileño o alemán.\n\nThe vast majority of this collection is in Spanish, with only a few items in either English, Brazilian Portuguese, or German."],"total_component_count_is":369,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870844454512885760,"_root_":"9538d40a3a2552d60fae89b8","timestamp":"2026-07-16T04:31:46.251Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"9538d40a3a2552d60fae89b8","title_ssm":["Cuban Archives"],"title_tesim":["Cuban Archives"],"ead_ssi":"9538d40a3a2552d60fae89b8","unitdate_ssm":["1786-1989","1960-1975"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1960-1975"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1786-1989"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SPC2000","/repositories/2/resources/114"],"text":["SPC2000","/repositories/2/resources/114","Cuban Archives, 1786-1989, bulk 1960-1975","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged into three Series: ","Series I: Published Materials\nSeries II: Visual/Audio Materials\nSeries III: Oversized Materials","La colección incluye periódicos, correspondencia, documentos oficiales y papeles personales sobre el comunismo, con un enfoque en las Américas. La mayor parte de la colección se centra en los exiliados cubanos del regimen de Fidel Castro, y se incluyen noticias internacionales sobre el comunismo. Adicionalmente, la colección incluye documentos del Directorio Revolucionario Estudiantil en México y su organizaciones aliadas, con documentos personales de líderes de la DRE como Ángel Fernández González. La mayor parte de los ducumentos incluídos en la colleccion estan en español.","The collection includes newspapers, correspondences, official documents, and personal papers of the effects of Communism particularly in the Americas. Majority of the collection focuses on Cuban exiles, with international news regarding Communism being included. Additionally, the collection includes documents from the Directorio Revolucionario Estudiantil in Mexico and allied organizations, with personal documents from leaders of the DRE such as Angel Fernandez Gonzalez. The majority of the document in the collection is in Spanish.","Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general","FIU Special Collections","La gran mayoría de esta colección está en español, con solo unos artículos en inglés, portugués brasileño o alemán.\n\nThe vast majority of this collection is in Spanish, with only a few items in either English, Brazilian Portuguese, or German."],"unitid_tesim":["SPC2000","/repositories/2/resources/114"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1786-1989, bulk 1960-1975"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Cuban Archives, 1786-1989, bulk 1960-1975"],"collection_title_tesim":["Cuban Archives, 1786-1989, bulk 1960-1975"],"collection_ssim":["Cuban Archives, 1786-1989, bulk 1960-1975"],"repository_ssm":["FIU Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["8 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["8 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into three Series: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Published Materials\nSeries II: Visual/Audio Materials\nSeries III: Oversized Materials\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into three Series: ","Series I: Published Materials\nSeries II: Visual/Audio Materials\nSeries III: Oversized Materials"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLa colecci\u0026#xF3;n incluye peri\u0026#xF3;dicos, correspondencia, documentos oficiales y papeles personales sobre el comunismo, con un enfoque en las Am\u0026#xE9;ricas. La mayor parte de la colecci\u0026#xF3;n se centra en los exiliados cubanos del regimen de Fidel Castro, y se incluyen noticias internacionales sobre el comunismo. Adicionalmente, la colecci\u0026#xF3;n incluye documentos del Directorio Revolucionario Estudiantil en M\u0026#xE9;xico y su organizaciones aliadas, con documentos personales de l\u0026#xED;deres de la DRE como \u0026#xC1;ngel Fern\u0026#xE1;ndez Gonz\u0026#xE1;lez. La mayor parte de los ducumentos inclu\u0026#xED;dos en la colleccion estan en espa\u0026#xF1;ol.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes newspapers, correspondences, official documents, and personal papers of the effects of Communism particularly in the Americas. Majority of the collection focuses on Cuban exiles, with international news regarding Communism being included. Additionally, the collection includes documents from the Directorio Revolucionario Estudiantil in Mexico and allied organizations, with personal documents from leaders of the DRE such as Angel Fernandez Gonzalez. The majority of the document in the collection is in Spanish.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["La colección incluye periódicos, correspondencia, documentos oficiales y papeles personales sobre el comunismo, con un enfoque en las Américas. La mayor parte de la colección se centra en los exiliados cubanos del regimen de Fidel Castro, y se incluyen noticias internacionales sobre el comunismo. Adicionalmente, la colección incluye documentos del Directorio Revolucionario Estudiantil en México y su organizaciones aliadas, con documentos personales de líderes de la DRE como Ángel Fernández González. La mayor parte de los ducumentos incluídos en la colleccion estan en español.","The collection includes newspapers, correspondences, official documents, and personal papers of the effects of Communism particularly in the Americas. Majority of the collection focuses on Cuban exiles, with international news regarding Communism being included. Additionally, the collection includes documents from the Directorio Revolucionario Estudiantil in Mexico and allied organizations, with personal documents from leaders of the DRE such as Angel Fernandez Gonzalez. The majority of the document in the collection is in Spanish."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections \u0026amp; University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Rights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work. FIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections.","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"names_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"corpname_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"language_ssim":["La gran mayoría de esta colección está en español, con solo unos artículos en inglés, portugués brasileño o alemán.\n\nThe vast majority of this collection is in Spanish, with only a few items in either English, Brazilian Portuguese, or German."],"total_component_count_is":369,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870844454512885760,"_root_":"9538d40a3a2552d60fae89b8","timestamp":"2026-07-16T04:31:46.251Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/9538d40a3a2552d60fae89b8"}},{"id":"aa862cad77720b140698c8fb","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Cuban Stamps Collection, 1855-1968","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/aa862cad77720b140698c8fb#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["Collection of Cuban stamps from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century."],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/aa862cad77720b140698c8fb#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"aa862cad77720b140698c8fb","title_ssm":["Cuban Stamps Collection"],"title_tesim":["Cuban Stamps Collection"],"ead_ssi":"aa862cad77720b140698c8fb","unitdate_ssm":["1855-1968"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1855-1968"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SPC9070","/repositories/2/resources/131"],"text":["SPC9070","/repositories/2/resources/131","Cuban Stamps Collection, 1855-1968","The collection is open for research.","The Cuban Stamp Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections offers valuable insight into Cuban history through postage stamps spanning the mid-19th to mid-20th century. These stamps reflect the cultural, social, and political events that shaped Cuba during this transformative period. From being under Spanish colonial rule, to the establishment of the Cuban Republic, and the rise of the Cuban Revolution, these historical events are mirrored in the stamps themselves. In 1855, Cuba issued its first postage stamp under Spanish rule, marking the beginning of its postal service. During this period, the stamps were heavily influenced by Spain and featured imagery of the Spanish monarchy, reinforcing the connection between the Spanish Empire and Cuba.","As the 19th century came to a close, the Spanish-American War marked a pivotal moment for Cuba, shifting from a colony to an independent nation in 1902. This period saw significant changes on the island, reflected in stamps that showcased national pride, symbols of independence, and images celebrating Cuba's rich history and culture. Additionally, these stamps were used to promote tourism to Cuba. Throughout the 20th century, Cuba experienced global events such as World War I, World War II, and the Great Depression. These events contributed to political instability and frequent government changes, signaling a period of crisis on the island. During the Cold War, as the Soviet Union rose to power, the Cuban Revolution of 1959 began to reshape the nation. The stamps from this period reflect the country's transformation, with imagery of revolutionary figures like Castro and Cienfuegos, and messaging that glorified the revolution and its progress.","This collection captures the evolution of Cuban stamps as a form of communication and propaganda, mirroring the island's growing sense of self-identity and its changing relationship with foreign powers. The stamps feature images of Cuban culture, art, historical figures, national flora and fauna, and the tourism industry, all serving as tools to promote Cuba to the world. Preserving this collection provides an opportunity to explore how Cuba transformed over the course of a century. Researchers can examine the shifting political ideologies, international relations, and national identities reflected in the stamps. The Cuban Stamp Collection at FIU is not only a historical archive but also a testament to the cultural and social changes of the 20th century.","\nEl Cuban Stamp Collection del Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections ofrece una valiosa perspectiva de la historia de Cuba a través de los sellos postales que abarcan desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta mediados del siglo XX. Estos sellos reflejan los eventos culturales, sociales y políticos que dieron forma a Cuba durante este período transformador. Desde el dominio colonial español, pasando por la creación de la República Cubana, hasta el surgimiento de la Revolución Cubana, estos eventos históricos se reflejan en los sellos mismos. En 1855, Cuba emitió su primer sello postal bajo el dominio español, marcando el comienzo de su servicio postal. Durante este período, los sellos estuvieron fuertemente influenciados por España e incluían imágenes de la monarquía española, reforzando la conexión entre el Imperio Español y Cuba.","Al final del siglo XIX, la Guerra Hispanoamericana marcó un momento clave para Cuba, pasando de ser una colonia a una nación independiente en 1902. Este período vio cambios significativos en la isla, reflejados en los sellos que mostraban el orgullo nacional, símbolos de independencia e imágenes que celebraban la rica historia y cultura de Cuba. Además, estos sellos fueron utilizados para promover el turismo hacia Cuba. A lo largo del siglo XX, Cuba experimentó eventos globales como la Primera y Segunda Guerra Mundial, y la Gran Depresión. Estos eventos contribuyeron a la inestabilidad política y a los frecuentes cambios de gobierno, lo que señaló un período de crisis en la isla. Durante la Guerra Fría, con el auge de la Unión Soviética, la Revolución Cubana de 1959 comenzó a remodelar la nación. Los sellos de este período reflejan la transformación del país, con imágenes de figuras revolucionarias como Castro y Cienfuegos, y mensajes que glorificaban la revolución y su progreso.","Esta colección captura la evolución de los sellos cubanos como una forma de comunicación y propaganda, reflejando el creciente sentido de identidad nacional de la isla y su cambiante relación con las potencias extranjeras. Los sellos presentan imágenes de la cultura cubana, el arte, figuras históricas, la flora y fauna nacional, y la industria del turismo, todas sirviendo como herramientas para promover Cuba al mundo. Preservar esta colección brinda la oportunidad de explorar cómo Cuba se transformó a lo largo de un siglo. Los investigadores pueden examinar las ideologías políticas cambiantes, las relaciones internacionales y las identidades nacionales reflejadas en los sellos. La Colección de Sellos de Cuba en FIU no es solo un archivo histórico, sino también un testimonio de los cambios culturales y sociales del siglo XX.","The Cuban Stamp Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections is a comprehensive assortment of postage stamps throughout the history of Cuba during this transformative period during the 20th century. It spans from the mid-19th century to the beginnings of the Cuban Revolution and its after effects. It demonstrates social political change through stamps and how they use this form of media to create propaganda of the revolt. It also shows how they handle international relations with other nations and how it promotes cultural figures, the arts, tourism, animal and plant species, and worldwide events. This collection offers three books worth of stamp collections, ranging from 500-600 individual stamps per book. Preserving these stamps gives opportunity for researchers to find out themselves how the imagery and symbolism evolve as the Cuban Revolution progresses and develops. ","\nLa Cuban Stamp Collection en las Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections es una recopilación integral de sellos postales que abarca la historia de Cuba durante este período transformador del siglo XX. Se extiende desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta los comienzos de la Revolución Cubana y sus efectos posteriores. Demuestra el cambio social y político a través de los sellos y cómo se utiliza este medio como propaganda de la revuelta. También muestra cómo se manejan las relaciones internacionales con otras naciones y cómo se promueven figuras culturales, las artes, el turismo, especies animales y plantas, y eventos mundiales. Esta colección consta de tres libros que contienen colecciones de sellos, con un rango de 500-600 sellos individuales por libro. La preservación de estos sellos ofrece a los investigadores la oportunidad de descubrir por sí mismos cómo evolucionan las imágenes y los símbolos a medida que avanza y se desarrolla la Revolución Cubana.","Rights. The Cuban Stamps Collection are owned by Florida International University. Literary rights as possessed by the donor have been dedicated to public use for research, study, and scholarship. The collection is subject to all copyright laws.","Collection of Cuban stamps from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century.","FIU Special Collections","English Spanish; Castilian"],"unitid_tesim":["SPC9070","/repositories/2/resources/131"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1855-1968"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Cuban Stamps Collection, 1855-1968"],"collection_title_tesim":["Cuban Stamps Collection, 1855-1968"],"collection_ssim":["Cuban Stamps Collection, 1855-1968"],"repository_ssm":["FIU Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["Rights. The Cuban Stamps Collection are owned by Florida International University. Literary rights as possessed by the donor have been dedicated to public use for research, study, and scholarship. The collection is subject to all copyright laws."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3 items"],"extent_tesim":["3 items"],"date_range_isim":[1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Cuban Stamp Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections offers valuable insight into Cuban history through postage stamps spanning the mid-19th to mid-20th century. These stamps reflect the cultural, social, and political events that shaped Cuba during this transformative period. From being under Spanish colonial rule, to the establishment of the Cuban Republic, and the rise of the Cuban Revolution, these historical events are mirrored in the stamps themselves. In 1855, Cuba issued its first postage stamp under Spanish rule, marking the beginning of its postal service. During this period, the stamps were heavily influenced by Spain and featured imagery of the Spanish monarchy, reinforcing the connection between the Spanish Empire and Cuba.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAs the 19th century came to a close, the Spanish-American War marked a pivotal moment for Cuba, shifting from a colony to an independent nation in 1902. This period saw significant changes on the island, reflected in stamps that showcased national pride, symbols of independence, and images celebrating Cuba's rich history and culture. Additionally, these stamps were used to promote tourism to Cuba. Throughout the 20th century, Cuba experienced global events such as World War I, World War II, and the Great Depression. These events contributed to political instability and frequent government changes, signaling a period of crisis on the island. During the Cold War, as the Soviet Union rose to power, the Cuban Revolution of 1959 began to reshape the nation. The stamps from this period reflect the country's transformation, with imagery of revolutionary figures like Castro and Cienfuegos, and messaging that glorified the revolution and its progress.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis collection captures the evolution of Cuban stamps as a form of communication and propaganda, mirroring the island's growing sense of self-identity and its changing relationship with foreign powers. The stamps feature images of Cuban culture, art, historical figures, national flora and fauna, and the tourism industry, all serving as tools to promote Cuba to the world. Preserving this collection provides an opportunity to explore how Cuba transformed over the course of a century. Researchers can examine the shifting political ideologies, international relations, and national identities reflected in the stamps. The Cuban Stamp Collection at FIU is not only a historical archive but also a testament to the cultural and social changes of the 20th century.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nEl Cuban Stamp Collection del Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections ofrece una valiosa perspectiva de la historia de Cuba a trav\u0026#xE9;s de los sellos postales que abarcan desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta mediados del siglo XX. Estos sellos reflejan los eventos culturales, sociales y pol\u0026#xED;ticos que dieron forma a Cuba durante este per\u0026#xED;odo transformador. Desde el dominio colonial espa\u0026#xF1;ol, pasando por la creaci\u0026#xF3;n de la Rep\u0026#xFA;blica Cubana, hasta el surgimiento de la Revoluci\u0026#xF3;n Cubana, estos eventos hist\u0026#xF3;ricos se reflejan en los sellos mismos. En 1855, Cuba emiti\u0026#xF3; su primer sello postal bajo el dominio espa\u0026#xF1;ol, marcando el comienzo de su servicio postal. Durante este per\u0026#xED;odo, los sellos estuvieron fuertemente influenciados por Espa\u0026#xF1;a e inclu\u0026#xED;an im\u0026#xE1;genes de la monarqu\u0026#xED;a espa\u0026#xF1;ola, reforzando la conexi\u0026#xF3;n entre el Imperio Espa\u0026#xF1;ol y Cuba.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAl final del siglo XIX, la Guerra Hispanoamericana marc\u0026#xF3; un momento clave para Cuba, pasando de ser una colonia a una naci\u0026#xF3;n independiente en 1902. Este per\u0026#xED;odo vio cambios significativos en la isla, reflejados en los sellos que mostraban el orgullo nacional, s\u0026#xED;mbolos de independencia e im\u0026#xE1;genes que celebraban la rica historia y cultura de Cuba. Adem\u0026#xE1;s, estos sellos fueron utilizados para promover el turismo hacia Cuba. A lo largo del siglo XX, Cuba experiment\u0026#xF3; eventos globales como la Primera y Segunda Guerra Mundial, y la Gran Depresi\u0026#xF3;n. Estos eventos contribuyeron a la inestabilidad pol\u0026#xED;tica y a los frecuentes cambios de gobierno, lo que se\u0026#xF1;al\u0026#xF3; un per\u0026#xED;odo de crisis en la isla. Durante la Guerra Fr\u0026#xED;a, con el auge de la Uni\u0026#xF3;n Sovi\u0026#xE9;tica, la Revoluci\u0026#xF3;n Cubana de 1959 comenz\u0026#xF3; a remodelar la naci\u0026#xF3;n. Los sellos de este per\u0026#xED;odo reflejan la transformaci\u0026#xF3;n del pa\u0026#xED;s, con im\u0026#xE1;genes de figuras revolucionarias como Castro y Cienfuegos, y mensajes que glorificaban la revoluci\u0026#xF3;n y su progreso.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEsta colecci\u0026#xF3;n captura la evoluci\u0026#xF3;n de los sellos cubanos como una forma de comunicaci\u0026#xF3;n y propaganda, reflejando el creciente sentido de identidad nacional de la isla y su cambiante relaci\u0026#xF3;n con las potencias extranjeras. Los sellos presentan im\u0026#xE1;genes de la cultura cubana, el arte, figuras hist\u0026#xF3;ricas, la flora y fauna nacional, y la industria del turismo, todas sirviendo como herramientas para promover Cuba al mundo. Preservar esta colecci\u0026#xF3;n brinda la oportunidad de explorar c\u0026#xF3;mo Cuba se transform\u0026#xF3; a lo largo de un siglo. Los investigadores pueden examinar las ideolog\u0026#xED;as pol\u0026#xED;ticas cambiantes, las relaciones internacionales y las identidades nacionales reflejadas en los sellos. La Colecci\u0026#xF3;n de Sellos de Cuba en FIU no es solo un archivo hist\u0026#xF3;rico, sino tambi\u0026#xE9;n un testimonio de los cambios culturales y sociales del siglo XX.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Cuban Stamp Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections offers valuable insight into Cuban history through postage stamps spanning the mid-19th to mid-20th century. These stamps reflect the cultural, social, and political events that shaped Cuba during this transformative period. From being under Spanish colonial rule, to the establishment of the Cuban Republic, and the rise of the Cuban Revolution, these historical events are mirrored in the stamps themselves. In 1855, Cuba issued its first postage stamp under Spanish rule, marking the beginning of its postal service. During this period, the stamps were heavily influenced by Spain and featured imagery of the Spanish monarchy, reinforcing the connection between the Spanish Empire and Cuba.","As the 19th century came to a close, the Spanish-American War marked a pivotal moment for Cuba, shifting from a colony to an independent nation in 1902. This period saw significant changes on the island, reflected in stamps that showcased national pride, symbols of independence, and images celebrating Cuba's rich history and culture. Additionally, these stamps were used to promote tourism to Cuba. Throughout the 20th century, Cuba experienced global events such as World War I, World War II, and the Great Depression. These events contributed to political instability and frequent government changes, signaling a period of crisis on the island. During the Cold War, as the Soviet Union rose to power, the Cuban Revolution of 1959 began to reshape the nation. The stamps from this period reflect the country's transformation, with imagery of revolutionary figures like Castro and Cienfuegos, and messaging that glorified the revolution and its progress.","This collection captures the evolution of Cuban stamps as a form of communication and propaganda, mirroring the island's growing sense of self-identity and its changing relationship with foreign powers. The stamps feature images of Cuban culture, art, historical figures, national flora and fauna, and the tourism industry, all serving as tools to promote Cuba to the world. Preserving this collection provides an opportunity to explore how Cuba transformed over the course of a century. Researchers can examine the shifting political ideologies, international relations, and national identities reflected in the stamps. The Cuban Stamp Collection at FIU is not only a historical archive but also a testament to the cultural and social changes of the 20th century.","\nEl Cuban Stamp Collection del Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections ofrece una valiosa perspectiva de la historia de Cuba a través de los sellos postales que abarcan desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta mediados del siglo XX. Estos sellos reflejan los eventos culturales, sociales y políticos que dieron forma a Cuba durante este período transformador. Desde el dominio colonial español, pasando por la creación de la República Cubana, hasta el surgimiento de la Revolución Cubana, estos eventos históricos se reflejan en los sellos mismos. En 1855, Cuba emitió su primer sello postal bajo el dominio español, marcando el comienzo de su servicio postal. Durante este período, los sellos estuvieron fuertemente influenciados por España e incluían imágenes de la monarquía española, reforzando la conexión entre el Imperio Español y Cuba.","Al final del siglo XIX, la Guerra Hispanoamericana marcó un momento clave para Cuba, pasando de ser una colonia a una nación independiente en 1902. Este período vio cambios significativos en la isla, reflejados en los sellos que mostraban el orgullo nacional, símbolos de independencia e imágenes que celebraban la rica historia y cultura de Cuba. Además, estos sellos fueron utilizados para promover el turismo hacia Cuba. A lo largo del siglo XX, Cuba experimentó eventos globales como la Primera y Segunda Guerra Mundial, y la Gran Depresión. Estos eventos contribuyeron a la inestabilidad política y a los frecuentes cambios de gobierno, lo que señaló un período de crisis en la isla. Durante la Guerra Fría, con el auge de la Unión Soviética, la Revolución Cubana de 1959 comenzó a remodelar la nación. Los sellos de este período reflejan la transformación del país, con imágenes de figuras revolucionarias como Castro y Cienfuegos, y mensajes que glorificaban la revolución y su progreso.","Esta colección captura la evolución de los sellos cubanos como una forma de comunicación y propaganda, reflejando el creciente sentido de identidad nacional de la isla y su cambiante relación con las potencias extranjeras. Los sellos presentan imágenes de la cultura cubana, el arte, figuras históricas, la flora y fauna nacional, y la industria del turismo, todas sirviendo como herramientas para promover Cuba al mundo. Preservar esta colección brinda la oportunidad de explorar cómo Cuba se transformó a lo largo de un siglo. Los investigadores pueden examinar las ideologías políticas cambiantes, las relaciones internacionales y las identidades nacionales reflejadas en los sellos. La Colección de Sellos de Cuba en FIU no es solo un archivo histórico, sino también un testimonio de los cambios culturales y sociales del siglo XX."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Cuban Stamp Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections is a comprehensive assortment of postage stamps throughout the history of Cuba during this transformative period during the 20th century. It spans from the mid-19th century to the beginnings of the Cuban Revolution and its after effects. It demonstrates social political change through stamps and how they use this form of media to create propaganda of the revolt. It also shows how they handle international relations with other nations and how it promotes cultural figures, the arts, tourism, animal and plant species, and worldwide events. This collection offers three books worth of stamp collections, ranging from 500-600 individual stamps per book. Preserving these stamps gives opportunity for researchers to find out themselves how the imagery and symbolism evolve as the Cuban Revolution progresses and develops. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nLa Cuban Stamp Collection en las Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections es una recopilaci\u0026#xF3;n integral de sellos postales que abarca la historia de Cuba durante este per\u0026#xED;odo transformador del siglo XX. Se extiende desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta los comienzos de la Revoluci\u0026#xF3;n Cubana y sus efectos posteriores. Demuestra el cambio social y pol\u0026#xED;tico a trav\u0026#xE9;s de los sellos y c\u0026#xF3;mo se utiliza este medio como propaganda de la revuelta. Tambi\u0026#xE9;n muestra c\u0026#xF3;mo se manejan las relaciones internacionales con otras naciones y c\u0026#xF3;mo se promueven figuras culturales, las artes, el turismo, especies animales y plantas, y eventos mundiales. Esta colecci\u0026#xF3;n consta de tres libros que contienen colecciones de sellos, con un rango de 500-600 sellos individuales por libro. La preservaci\u0026#xF3;n de estos sellos ofrece a los investigadores la oportunidad de descubrir por s\u0026#xED; mismos c\u0026#xF3;mo evolucionan las im\u0026#xE1;genes y los s\u0026#xED;mbolos a medida que avanza y se desarrolla la Revoluci\u0026#xF3;n Cubana.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Cuban Stamp Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections is a comprehensive assortment of postage stamps throughout the history of Cuba during this transformative period during the 20th century. It spans from the mid-19th century to the beginnings of the Cuban Revolution and its after effects. It demonstrates social political change through stamps and how they use this form of media to create propaganda of the revolt. It also shows how they handle international relations with other nations and how it promotes cultural figures, the arts, tourism, animal and plant species, and worldwide events. This collection offers three books worth of stamp collections, ranging from 500-600 individual stamps per book. Preserving these stamps gives opportunity for researchers to find out themselves how the imagery and symbolism evolve as the Cuban Revolution progresses and develops. ","\nLa Cuban Stamp Collection en las Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections es una recopilación integral de sellos postales que abarca la historia de Cuba durante este período transformador del siglo XX. Se extiende desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta los comienzos de la Revolución Cubana y sus efectos posteriores. Demuestra el cambio social y político a través de los sellos y cómo se utiliza este medio como propaganda de la revuelta. También muestra cómo se manejan las relaciones internacionales con otras naciones y cómo se promueven figuras culturales, las artes, el turismo, especies animales y plantas, y eventos mundiales. Esta colección consta de tres libros que contienen colecciones de sellos, con un rango de 500-600 sellos individuales por libro. La preservación de estos sellos ofrece a los investigadores la oportunidad de descubrir por sí mismos cómo evolucionan las imágenes y los símbolos a medida que avanza y se desarrolla la Revolución Cubana."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRights. The Cuban Stamps Collection are owned by Florida International University. Literary rights as possessed by the donor have been dedicated to public use for research, study, and scholarship. The collection is subject to all copyright laws.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Rights. The Cuban Stamps Collection are owned by Florida International University. Literary rights as possessed by the donor have been dedicated to public use for research, study, and scholarship. The collection is subject to all copyright laws."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_4174f2603576483c6691a9df651e17c6\"\u003eCollection of Cuban stamps from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Collection of Cuban stamps from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century."],"names_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"corpname_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"language_ssim":["English Spanish; Castilian"],"total_component_count_is":3,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"aa862cad77720b140698c8fb","timestamp":"2026-04-21T02:12:13.039Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"aa862cad77720b140698c8fb","title_ssm":["Cuban Stamps Collection"],"title_tesim":["Cuban Stamps Collection"],"ead_ssi":"aa862cad77720b140698c8fb","unitdate_ssm":["1855-1968"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1855-1968"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SPC9070","/repositories/2/resources/131"],"text":["SPC9070","/repositories/2/resources/131","Cuban Stamps Collection, 1855-1968","The collection is open for research.","The Cuban Stamp Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections offers valuable insight into Cuban history through postage stamps spanning the mid-19th to mid-20th century. These stamps reflect the cultural, social, and political events that shaped Cuba during this transformative period. From being under Spanish colonial rule, to the establishment of the Cuban Republic, and the rise of the Cuban Revolution, these historical events are mirrored in the stamps themselves. In 1855, Cuba issued its first postage stamp under Spanish rule, marking the beginning of its postal service. During this period, the stamps were heavily influenced by Spain and featured imagery of the Spanish monarchy, reinforcing the connection between the Spanish Empire and Cuba.","As the 19th century came to a close, the Spanish-American War marked a pivotal moment for Cuba, shifting from a colony to an independent nation in 1902. This period saw significant changes on the island, reflected in stamps that showcased national pride, symbols of independence, and images celebrating Cuba's rich history and culture. Additionally, these stamps were used to promote tourism to Cuba. Throughout the 20th century, Cuba experienced global events such as World War I, World War II, and the Great Depression. These events contributed to political instability and frequent government changes, signaling a period of crisis on the island. During the Cold War, as the Soviet Union rose to power, the Cuban Revolution of 1959 began to reshape the nation. The stamps from this period reflect the country's transformation, with imagery of revolutionary figures like Castro and Cienfuegos, and messaging that glorified the revolution and its progress.","This collection captures the evolution of Cuban stamps as a form of communication and propaganda, mirroring the island's growing sense of self-identity and its changing relationship with foreign powers. The stamps feature images of Cuban culture, art, historical figures, national flora and fauna, and the tourism industry, all serving as tools to promote Cuba to the world. Preserving this collection provides an opportunity to explore how Cuba transformed over the course of a century. Researchers can examine the shifting political ideologies, international relations, and national identities reflected in the stamps. The Cuban Stamp Collection at FIU is not only a historical archive but also a testament to the cultural and social changes of the 20th century.","\nEl Cuban Stamp Collection del Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections ofrece una valiosa perspectiva de la historia de Cuba a través de los sellos postales que abarcan desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta mediados del siglo XX. Estos sellos reflejan los eventos culturales, sociales y políticos que dieron forma a Cuba durante este período transformador. Desde el dominio colonial español, pasando por la creación de la República Cubana, hasta el surgimiento de la Revolución Cubana, estos eventos históricos se reflejan en los sellos mismos. En 1855, Cuba emitió su primer sello postal bajo el dominio español, marcando el comienzo de su servicio postal. Durante este período, los sellos estuvieron fuertemente influenciados por España e incluían imágenes de la monarquía española, reforzando la conexión entre el Imperio Español y Cuba.","Al final del siglo XIX, la Guerra Hispanoamericana marcó un momento clave para Cuba, pasando de ser una colonia a una nación independiente en 1902. Este período vio cambios significativos en la isla, reflejados en los sellos que mostraban el orgullo nacional, símbolos de independencia e imágenes que celebraban la rica historia y cultura de Cuba. Además, estos sellos fueron utilizados para promover el turismo hacia Cuba. A lo largo del siglo XX, Cuba experimentó eventos globales como la Primera y Segunda Guerra Mundial, y la Gran Depresión. Estos eventos contribuyeron a la inestabilidad política y a los frecuentes cambios de gobierno, lo que señaló un período de crisis en la isla. Durante la Guerra Fría, con el auge de la Unión Soviética, la Revolución Cubana de 1959 comenzó a remodelar la nación. Los sellos de este período reflejan la transformación del país, con imágenes de figuras revolucionarias como Castro y Cienfuegos, y mensajes que glorificaban la revolución y su progreso.","Esta colección captura la evolución de los sellos cubanos como una forma de comunicación y propaganda, reflejando el creciente sentido de identidad nacional de la isla y su cambiante relación con las potencias extranjeras. Los sellos presentan imágenes de la cultura cubana, el arte, figuras históricas, la flora y fauna nacional, y la industria del turismo, todas sirviendo como herramientas para promover Cuba al mundo. Preservar esta colección brinda la oportunidad de explorar cómo Cuba se transformó a lo largo de un siglo. Los investigadores pueden examinar las ideologías políticas cambiantes, las relaciones internacionales y las identidades nacionales reflejadas en los sellos. La Colección de Sellos de Cuba en FIU no es solo un archivo histórico, sino también un testimonio de los cambios culturales y sociales del siglo XX.","The Cuban Stamp Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections is a comprehensive assortment of postage stamps throughout the history of Cuba during this transformative period during the 20th century. It spans from the mid-19th century to the beginnings of the Cuban Revolution and its after effects. It demonstrates social political change through stamps and how they use this form of media to create propaganda of the revolt. It also shows how they handle international relations with other nations and how it promotes cultural figures, the arts, tourism, animal and plant species, and worldwide events. This collection offers three books worth of stamp collections, ranging from 500-600 individual stamps per book. Preserving these stamps gives opportunity for researchers to find out themselves how the imagery and symbolism evolve as the Cuban Revolution progresses and develops. ","\nLa Cuban Stamp Collection en las Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections es una recopilación integral de sellos postales que abarca la historia de Cuba durante este período transformador del siglo XX. Se extiende desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta los comienzos de la Revolución Cubana y sus efectos posteriores. Demuestra el cambio social y político a través de los sellos y cómo se utiliza este medio como propaganda de la revuelta. También muestra cómo se manejan las relaciones internacionales con otras naciones y cómo se promueven figuras culturales, las artes, el turismo, especies animales y plantas, y eventos mundiales. Esta colección consta de tres libros que contienen colecciones de sellos, con un rango de 500-600 sellos individuales por libro. La preservación de estos sellos ofrece a los investigadores la oportunidad de descubrir por sí mismos cómo evolucionan las imágenes y los símbolos a medida que avanza y se desarrolla la Revolución Cubana.","Rights. The Cuban Stamps Collection are owned by Florida International University. Literary rights as possessed by the donor have been dedicated to public use for research, study, and scholarship. The collection is subject to all copyright laws.","Collection of Cuban stamps from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century.","FIU Special Collections","English Spanish; Castilian"],"unitid_tesim":["SPC9070","/repositories/2/resources/131"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1855-1968"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Cuban Stamps Collection, 1855-1968"],"collection_title_tesim":["Cuban Stamps Collection, 1855-1968"],"collection_ssim":["Cuban Stamps Collection, 1855-1968"],"repository_ssm":["FIU Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["Rights. The Cuban Stamps Collection are owned by Florida International University. Literary rights as possessed by the donor have been dedicated to public use for research, study, and scholarship. The collection is subject to all copyright laws."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3 items"],"extent_tesim":["3 items"],"date_range_isim":[1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Cuban Stamp Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections offers valuable insight into Cuban history through postage stamps spanning the mid-19th to mid-20th century. These stamps reflect the cultural, social, and political events that shaped Cuba during this transformative period. From being under Spanish colonial rule, to the establishment of the Cuban Republic, and the rise of the Cuban Revolution, these historical events are mirrored in the stamps themselves. In 1855, Cuba issued its first postage stamp under Spanish rule, marking the beginning of its postal service. During this period, the stamps were heavily influenced by Spain and featured imagery of the Spanish monarchy, reinforcing the connection between the Spanish Empire and Cuba.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAs the 19th century came to a close, the Spanish-American War marked a pivotal moment for Cuba, shifting from a colony to an independent nation in 1902. This period saw significant changes on the island, reflected in stamps that showcased national pride, symbols of independence, and images celebrating Cuba's rich history and culture. Additionally, these stamps were used to promote tourism to Cuba. Throughout the 20th century, Cuba experienced global events such as World War I, World War II, and the Great Depression. These events contributed to political instability and frequent government changes, signaling a period of crisis on the island. During the Cold War, as the Soviet Union rose to power, the Cuban Revolution of 1959 began to reshape the nation. The stamps from this period reflect the country's transformation, with imagery of revolutionary figures like Castro and Cienfuegos, and messaging that glorified the revolution and its progress.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis collection captures the evolution of Cuban stamps as a form of communication and propaganda, mirroring the island's growing sense of self-identity and its changing relationship with foreign powers. The stamps feature images of Cuban culture, art, historical figures, national flora and fauna, and the tourism industry, all serving as tools to promote Cuba to the world. Preserving this collection provides an opportunity to explore how Cuba transformed over the course of a century. Researchers can examine the shifting political ideologies, international relations, and national identities reflected in the stamps. The Cuban Stamp Collection at FIU is not only a historical archive but also a testament to the cultural and social changes of the 20th century.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nEl Cuban Stamp Collection del Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections ofrece una valiosa perspectiva de la historia de Cuba a trav\u0026#xE9;s de los sellos postales que abarcan desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta mediados del siglo XX. Estos sellos reflejan los eventos culturales, sociales y pol\u0026#xED;ticos que dieron forma a Cuba durante este per\u0026#xED;odo transformador. Desde el dominio colonial espa\u0026#xF1;ol, pasando por la creaci\u0026#xF3;n de la Rep\u0026#xFA;blica Cubana, hasta el surgimiento de la Revoluci\u0026#xF3;n Cubana, estos eventos hist\u0026#xF3;ricos se reflejan en los sellos mismos. En 1855, Cuba emiti\u0026#xF3; su primer sello postal bajo el dominio espa\u0026#xF1;ol, marcando el comienzo de su servicio postal. Durante este per\u0026#xED;odo, los sellos estuvieron fuertemente influenciados por Espa\u0026#xF1;a e inclu\u0026#xED;an im\u0026#xE1;genes de la monarqu\u0026#xED;a espa\u0026#xF1;ola, reforzando la conexi\u0026#xF3;n entre el Imperio Espa\u0026#xF1;ol y Cuba.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAl final del siglo XIX, la Guerra Hispanoamericana marc\u0026#xF3; un momento clave para Cuba, pasando de ser una colonia a una naci\u0026#xF3;n independiente en 1902. Este per\u0026#xED;odo vio cambios significativos en la isla, reflejados en los sellos que mostraban el orgullo nacional, s\u0026#xED;mbolos de independencia e im\u0026#xE1;genes que celebraban la rica historia y cultura de Cuba. Adem\u0026#xE1;s, estos sellos fueron utilizados para promover el turismo hacia Cuba. A lo largo del siglo XX, Cuba experiment\u0026#xF3; eventos globales como la Primera y Segunda Guerra Mundial, y la Gran Depresi\u0026#xF3;n. Estos eventos contribuyeron a la inestabilidad pol\u0026#xED;tica y a los frecuentes cambios de gobierno, lo que se\u0026#xF1;al\u0026#xF3; un per\u0026#xED;odo de crisis en la isla. Durante la Guerra Fr\u0026#xED;a, con el auge de la Uni\u0026#xF3;n Sovi\u0026#xE9;tica, la Revoluci\u0026#xF3;n Cubana de 1959 comenz\u0026#xF3; a remodelar la naci\u0026#xF3;n. Los sellos de este per\u0026#xED;odo reflejan la transformaci\u0026#xF3;n del pa\u0026#xED;s, con im\u0026#xE1;genes de figuras revolucionarias como Castro y Cienfuegos, y mensajes que glorificaban la revoluci\u0026#xF3;n y su progreso.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEsta colecci\u0026#xF3;n captura la evoluci\u0026#xF3;n de los sellos cubanos como una forma de comunicaci\u0026#xF3;n y propaganda, reflejando el creciente sentido de identidad nacional de la isla y su cambiante relaci\u0026#xF3;n con las potencias extranjeras. Los sellos presentan im\u0026#xE1;genes de la cultura cubana, el arte, figuras hist\u0026#xF3;ricas, la flora y fauna nacional, y la industria del turismo, todas sirviendo como herramientas para promover Cuba al mundo. Preservar esta colecci\u0026#xF3;n brinda la oportunidad de explorar c\u0026#xF3;mo Cuba se transform\u0026#xF3; a lo largo de un siglo. Los investigadores pueden examinar las ideolog\u0026#xED;as pol\u0026#xED;ticas cambiantes, las relaciones internacionales y las identidades nacionales reflejadas en los sellos. La Colecci\u0026#xF3;n de Sellos de Cuba en FIU no es solo un archivo hist\u0026#xF3;rico, sino tambi\u0026#xE9;n un testimonio de los cambios culturales y sociales del siglo XX.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Cuban Stamp Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections offers valuable insight into Cuban history through postage stamps spanning the mid-19th to mid-20th century. These stamps reflect the cultural, social, and political events that shaped Cuba during this transformative period. From being under Spanish colonial rule, to the establishment of the Cuban Republic, and the rise of the Cuban Revolution, these historical events are mirrored in the stamps themselves. In 1855, Cuba issued its first postage stamp under Spanish rule, marking the beginning of its postal service. During this period, the stamps were heavily influenced by Spain and featured imagery of the Spanish monarchy, reinforcing the connection between the Spanish Empire and Cuba.","As the 19th century came to a close, the Spanish-American War marked a pivotal moment for Cuba, shifting from a colony to an independent nation in 1902. This period saw significant changes on the island, reflected in stamps that showcased national pride, symbols of independence, and images celebrating Cuba's rich history and culture. Additionally, these stamps were used to promote tourism to Cuba. Throughout the 20th century, Cuba experienced global events such as World War I, World War II, and the Great Depression. These events contributed to political instability and frequent government changes, signaling a period of crisis on the island. During the Cold War, as the Soviet Union rose to power, the Cuban Revolution of 1959 began to reshape the nation. The stamps from this period reflect the country's transformation, with imagery of revolutionary figures like Castro and Cienfuegos, and messaging that glorified the revolution and its progress.","This collection captures the evolution of Cuban stamps as a form of communication and propaganda, mirroring the island's growing sense of self-identity and its changing relationship with foreign powers. The stamps feature images of Cuban culture, art, historical figures, national flora and fauna, and the tourism industry, all serving as tools to promote Cuba to the world. Preserving this collection provides an opportunity to explore how Cuba transformed over the course of a century. Researchers can examine the shifting political ideologies, international relations, and national identities reflected in the stamps. The Cuban Stamp Collection at FIU is not only a historical archive but also a testament to the cultural and social changes of the 20th century.","\nEl Cuban Stamp Collection del Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections ofrece una valiosa perspectiva de la historia de Cuba a través de los sellos postales que abarcan desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta mediados del siglo XX. Estos sellos reflejan los eventos culturales, sociales y políticos que dieron forma a Cuba durante este período transformador. Desde el dominio colonial español, pasando por la creación de la República Cubana, hasta el surgimiento de la Revolución Cubana, estos eventos históricos se reflejan en los sellos mismos. En 1855, Cuba emitió su primer sello postal bajo el dominio español, marcando el comienzo de su servicio postal. Durante este período, los sellos estuvieron fuertemente influenciados por España e incluían imágenes de la monarquía española, reforzando la conexión entre el Imperio Español y Cuba.","Al final del siglo XIX, la Guerra Hispanoamericana marcó un momento clave para Cuba, pasando de ser una colonia a una nación independiente en 1902. Este período vio cambios significativos en la isla, reflejados en los sellos que mostraban el orgullo nacional, símbolos de independencia e imágenes que celebraban la rica historia y cultura de Cuba. Además, estos sellos fueron utilizados para promover el turismo hacia Cuba. A lo largo del siglo XX, Cuba experimentó eventos globales como la Primera y Segunda Guerra Mundial, y la Gran Depresión. Estos eventos contribuyeron a la inestabilidad política y a los frecuentes cambios de gobierno, lo que señaló un período de crisis en la isla. Durante la Guerra Fría, con el auge de la Unión Soviética, la Revolución Cubana de 1959 comenzó a remodelar la nación. Los sellos de este período reflejan la transformación del país, con imágenes de figuras revolucionarias como Castro y Cienfuegos, y mensajes que glorificaban la revolución y su progreso.","Esta colección captura la evolución de los sellos cubanos como una forma de comunicación y propaganda, reflejando el creciente sentido de identidad nacional de la isla y su cambiante relación con las potencias extranjeras. Los sellos presentan imágenes de la cultura cubana, el arte, figuras históricas, la flora y fauna nacional, y la industria del turismo, todas sirviendo como herramientas para promover Cuba al mundo. Preservar esta colección brinda la oportunidad de explorar cómo Cuba se transformó a lo largo de un siglo. Los investigadores pueden examinar las ideologías políticas cambiantes, las relaciones internacionales y las identidades nacionales reflejadas en los sellos. La Colección de Sellos de Cuba en FIU no es solo un archivo histórico, sino también un testimonio de los cambios culturales y sociales del siglo XX."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Cuban Stamp Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections is a comprehensive assortment of postage stamps throughout the history of Cuba during this transformative period during the 20th century. It spans from the mid-19th century to the beginnings of the Cuban Revolution and its after effects. It demonstrates social political change through stamps and how they use this form of media to create propaganda of the revolt. It also shows how they handle international relations with other nations and how it promotes cultural figures, the arts, tourism, animal and plant species, and worldwide events. This collection offers three books worth of stamp collections, ranging from 500-600 individual stamps per book. Preserving these stamps gives opportunity for researchers to find out themselves how the imagery and symbolism evolve as the Cuban Revolution progresses and develops. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nLa Cuban Stamp Collection en las Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections es una recopilaci\u0026#xF3;n integral de sellos postales que abarca la historia de Cuba durante este per\u0026#xED;odo transformador del siglo XX. Se extiende desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta los comienzos de la Revoluci\u0026#xF3;n Cubana y sus efectos posteriores. Demuestra el cambio social y pol\u0026#xED;tico a trav\u0026#xE9;s de los sellos y c\u0026#xF3;mo se utiliza este medio como propaganda de la revuelta. Tambi\u0026#xE9;n muestra c\u0026#xF3;mo se manejan las relaciones internacionales con otras naciones y c\u0026#xF3;mo se promueven figuras culturales, las artes, el turismo, especies animales y plantas, y eventos mundiales. Esta colecci\u0026#xF3;n consta de tres libros que contienen colecciones de sellos, con un rango de 500-600 sellos individuales por libro. La preservaci\u0026#xF3;n de estos sellos ofrece a los investigadores la oportunidad de descubrir por s\u0026#xED; mismos c\u0026#xF3;mo evolucionan las im\u0026#xE1;genes y los s\u0026#xED;mbolos a medida que avanza y se desarrolla la Revoluci\u0026#xF3;n Cubana.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Cuban Stamp Collection at Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections is a comprehensive assortment of postage stamps throughout the history of Cuba during this transformative period during the 20th century. It spans from the mid-19th century to the beginnings of the Cuban Revolution and its after effects. It demonstrates social political change through stamps and how they use this form of media to create propaganda of the revolt. It also shows how they handle international relations with other nations and how it promotes cultural figures, the arts, tourism, animal and plant species, and worldwide events. This collection offers three books worth of stamp collections, ranging from 500-600 individual stamps per book. Preserving these stamps gives opportunity for researchers to find out themselves how the imagery and symbolism evolve as the Cuban Revolution progresses and develops. ","\nLa Cuban Stamp Collection en las Florida International University (FIU) Special Collections es una recopilación integral de sellos postales que abarca la historia de Cuba durante este período transformador del siglo XX. Se extiende desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta los comienzos de la Revolución Cubana y sus efectos posteriores. Demuestra el cambio social y político a través de los sellos y cómo se utiliza este medio como propaganda de la revuelta. También muestra cómo se manejan las relaciones internacionales con otras naciones y cómo se promueven figuras culturales, las artes, el turismo, especies animales y plantas, y eventos mundiales. Esta colección consta de tres libros que contienen colecciones de sellos, con un rango de 500-600 sellos individuales por libro. La preservación de estos sellos ofrece a los investigadores la oportunidad de descubrir por sí mismos cómo evolucionan las imágenes y los símbolos a medida que avanza y se desarrolla la Revolución Cubana."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRights. The Cuban Stamps Collection are owned by Florida International University. Literary rights as possessed by the donor have been dedicated to public use for research, study, and scholarship. The collection is subject to all copyright laws.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Rights. The Cuban Stamps Collection are owned by Florida International University. Literary rights as possessed by the donor have been dedicated to public use for research, study, and scholarship. The collection is subject to all copyright laws."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_4174f2603576483c6691a9df651e17c6\"\u003eCollection of Cuban stamps from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Collection of Cuban stamps from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century."],"names_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"corpname_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"language_ssim":["English Spanish; Castilian"],"total_component_count_is":3,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"aa862cad77720b140698c8fb","timestamp":"2026-04-21T02:12:13.039Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/aa862cad77720b140698c8fb"}},{"id":"d9c99c2087d93164b6689cff","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"D. Angel Cuesta collection, Acquisition date: 2/13/2007, bulk 1858-1936","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/d9c99c2087d93164b6689cff#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["This collection contains materials utilized for research on the life of Tampa cigar tycoon D. Angel Cuesta, including photographs, documents, and C.D.s. Many of the materials in the collection are recreations of original materials, including documents and photographs from the 19th century."],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/d9c99c2087d93164b6689cff#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"d9c99c2087d93164b6689cff","title_ssm":["D. Angel Cuesta collection"],"title_tesim":["D. Angel Cuesta collection"],"ead_ssi":"d9c99c2087d93164b6689cff","unitdate_ssm":["1858-1936","Acquisition date: 2/13/2007"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1858-1936"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Acquisition date: 2/13/2007"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-2007-08","/repositories/2/resources/623"],"text":["MS-2007-08","/repositories/2/resources/623","D. Angel Cuesta collection, Acquisition date: 2/13/2007, bulk 1858-1936","Cigar industry","Cigar industry -- Florida -- Tampa","Cigar industry -- History","D. Angel Cuesta was a cigar maker and factory owner who helped to establish Tampa, though specifically Ybor City, as the cigar capitol of the United States. Cuesta was born in Asturias, Spain in 1858 where he lived until he moved to Havana, Cuba in 1873 for school. In Havana, Cuesta apprenticed as a cigar maker, leading him to immigrate to America and open a cigar factory in Tampa in 1893. Cuesta's partnership with Peregrino Rey, which ultimately led to the formation of the cigar company Cuesta-Rey and Co., would cement his name in Tampa history. Cuesta's Hyde Park home, now known as the Cuesta-Hixon house, as well as the red neon sign bearing he and Rey's names which sits atop the J.C. Newman Co. cigar factory, are remaining reminders of his legacy.","This collection contains photographs, documents, and C.D.s about the life of Tampa cigar tycoon D. Angel Cuesta.","None.  The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information.","This collection contains materials utilized for research on the life of Tampa cigar tycoon D. Angel Cuesta, including photographs, documents, and C.D.s. Many of the materials in the collection are recreations of original materials, including documents and photographs from the 19th century.","USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Cuesta, D. Angel (1858-1936)","Spanish; Castilian English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-2007-08","/repositories/2/resources/623"],"normalized_date_ssm":["Acquisition date: 2/13/2007, bulk 1858-1936"],"normalized_title_ssm":["D. Angel Cuesta collection, Acquisition date: 2/13/2007, bulk 1858-1936"],"collection_title_tesim":["D. Angel Cuesta collection, Acquisition date: 2/13/2007, bulk 1858-1936"],"collection_ssim":["D. Angel Cuesta collection, Acquisition date: 2/13/2007, bulk 1858-1936"],"repository_ssm":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["None.  The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Cigar industry","Cigar industry -- Florida -- Tampa","Cigar industry -- History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Cigar industry","Cigar industry -- Florida -- Tampa","Cigar industry -- History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".5 Cubic Feet","1 boxes"],"extent_tesim":[".5 Cubic Feet","1 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,2007],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eD. Angel Cuesta was a cigar maker and factory owner who helped to establish Tampa, though specifically Ybor City, as the cigar capitol of the United States. Cuesta was born in Asturias, Spain in 1858 where he lived until he moved to Havana, Cuba in 1873 for school. In Havana, Cuesta apprenticed as a cigar maker, leading him to immigrate to America and open a cigar factory in Tampa in 1893. Cuesta's partnership with Peregrino Rey, which ultimately led to the formation of the cigar company Cuesta-Rey and Co., would cement his name in Tampa history. Cuesta's Hyde Park home, now known as the Cuesta-Hixon house, as well as the red neon sign bearing he and Rey's names which sits atop the J.C. Newman Co. cigar factory, are remaining reminders of his legacy.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["D. Angel Cuesta was a cigar maker and factory owner who helped to establish Tampa, though specifically Ybor City, as the cigar capitol of the United States. Cuesta was born in Asturias, Spain in 1858 where he lived until he moved to Havana, Cuba in 1873 for school. In Havana, Cuesta apprenticed as a cigar maker, leading him to immigrate to America and open a cigar factory in Tampa in 1893. Cuesta's partnership with Peregrino Rey, which ultimately led to the formation of the cigar company Cuesta-Rey and Co., would cement his name in Tampa history. Cuesta's Hyde Park home, now known as the Cuesta-Hixon house, as well as the red neon sign bearing he and Rey's names which sits atop the J.C. Newman Co. cigar factory, are remaining reminders of his legacy."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eD. Angel Cuesta collection, USF Libraries-Tampa Special Collection, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["D. Angel Cuesta collection, USF Libraries-Tampa Special Collection, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains photographs, documents, and C.D.s about the life of Tampa cigar tycoon D. Angel Cuesta.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains photographs, documents, and C.D.s about the life of Tampa cigar tycoon D. Angel Cuesta."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone.\u0026#xA0; The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.\u0026#xA0; Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at \u003cextref href=\"http://www.copyright.gov/\"\u003ehttp://www.copyright.gov/\u003c/extref\u003e for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["None.  The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_2072a32cc50cad1b435928986b004c40\"\u003eThis collection contains materials utilized for research on the life of Tampa cigar tycoon D. Angel Cuesta, including photographs, documents, and C.D.s. Many of the materials in the collection are recreations of original materials, including documents and photographs from the 19th century.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains materials utilized for research on the life of Tampa cigar tycoon D. Angel Cuesta, including photographs, documents, and C.D.s. Many of the materials in the collection are recreations of original materials, including documents and photographs from the 19th century."],"names_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Cuesta, D. Angel (1858-1936)"],"corpname_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"names_coll_ssim":["Cuesta, D. Angel (1858-1936)"],"persname_ssim":["Cuesta, D. Angel (1858-1936)"],"language_ssim":["Spanish; Castilian English"],"total_component_count_is":4,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"d9c99c2087d93164b6689cff","timestamp":"2026-07-10T05:12:42.309Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"d9c99c2087d93164b6689cff","title_ssm":["D. Angel Cuesta collection"],"title_tesim":["D. Angel Cuesta collection"],"ead_ssi":"d9c99c2087d93164b6689cff","unitdate_ssm":["1858-1936","Acquisition date: 2/13/2007"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1858-1936"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Acquisition date: 2/13/2007"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-2007-08","/repositories/2/resources/623"],"text":["MS-2007-08","/repositories/2/resources/623","D. Angel Cuesta collection, Acquisition date: 2/13/2007, bulk 1858-1936","Cigar industry","Cigar industry -- Florida -- Tampa","Cigar industry -- History","D. Angel Cuesta was a cigar maker and factory owner who helped to establish Tampa, though specifically Ybor City, as the cigar capitol of the United States. Cuesta was born in Asturias, Spain in 1858 where he lived until he moved to Havana, Cuba in 1873 for school. In Havana, Cuesta apprenticed as a cigar maker, leading him to immigrate to America and open a cigar factory in Tampa in 1893. Cuesta's partnership with Peregrino Rey, which ultimately led to the formation of the cigar company Cuesta-Rey and Co., would cement his name in Tampa history. Cuesta's Hyde Park home, now known as the Cuesta-Hixon house, as well as the red neon sign bearing he and Rey's names which sits atop the J.C. Newman Co. cigar factory, are remaining reminders of his legacy.","This collection contains photographs, documents, and C.D.s about the life of Tampa cigar tycoon D. Angel Cuesta.","None.  The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information.","This collection contains materials utilized for research on the life of Tampa cigar tycoon D. Angel Cuesta, including photographs, documents, and C.D.s. Many of the materials in the collection are recreations of original materials, including documents and photographs from the 19th century.","USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Cuesta, D. Angel (1858-1936)","Spanish; Castilian English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-2007-08","/repositories/2/resources/623"],"normalized_date_ssm":["Acquisition date: 2/13/2007, bulk 1858-1936"],"normalized_title_ssm":["D. Angel Cuesta collection, Acquisition date: 2/13/2007, bulk 1858-1936"],"collection_title_tesim":["D. Angel Cuesta collection, Acquisition date: 2/13/2007, bulk 1858-1936"],"collection_ssim":["D. Angel Cuesta collection, Acquisition date: 2/13/2007, bulk 1858-1936"],"repository_ssm":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["None.  The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Cigar industry","Cigar industry -- Florida -- Tampa","Cigar industry -- History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Cigar industry","Cigar industry -- Florida -- Tampa","Cigar industry -- History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".5 Cubic Feet","1 boxes"],"extent_tesim":[".5 Cubic Feet","1 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,2007],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eD. Angel Cuesta was a cigar maker and factory owner who helped to establish Tampa, though specifically Ybor City, as the cigar capitol of the United States. Cuesta was born in Asturias, Spain in 1858 where he lived until he moved to Havana, Cuba in 1873 for school. In Havana, Cuesta apprenticed as a cigar maker, leading him to immigrate to America and open a cigar factory in Tampa in 1893. Cuesta's partnership with Peregrino Rey, which ultimately led to the formation of the cigar company Cuesta-Rey and Co., would cement his name in Tampa history. Cuesta's Hyde Park home, now known as the Cuesta-Hixon house, as well as the red neon sign bearing he and Rey's names which sits atop the J.C. Newman Co. cigar factory, are remaining reminders of his legacy.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["D. Angel Cuesta was a cigar maker and factory owner who helped to establish Tampa, though specifically Ybor City, as the cigar capitol of the United States. Cuesta was born in Asturias, Spain in 1858 where he lived until he moved to Havana, Cuba in 1873 for school. In Havana, Cuesta apprenticed as a cigar maker, leading him to immigrate to America and open a cigar factory in Tampa in 1893. Cuesta's partnership with Peregrino Rey, which ultimately led to the formation of the cigar company Cuesta-Rey and Co., would cement his name in Tampa history. Cuesta's Hyde Park home, now known as the Cuesta-Hixon house, as well as the red neon sign bearing he and Rey's names which sits atop the J.C. Newman Co. cigar factory, are remaining reminders of his legacy."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eD. Angel Cuesta collection, USF Libraries-Tampa Special Collection, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["D. Angel Cuesta collection, USF Libraries-Tampa Special Collection, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains photographs, documents, and C.D.s about the life of Tampa cigar tycoon D. Angel Cuesta.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains photographs, documents, and C.D.s about the life of Tampa cigar tycoon D. Angel Cuesta."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone.\u0026#xA0; The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.\u0026#xA0; Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at \u003cextref href=\"http://www.copyright.gov/\"\u003ehttp://www.copyright.gov/\u003c/extref\u003e for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["None.  The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_2072a32cc50cad1b435928986b004c40\"\u003eThis collection contains materials utilized for research on the life of Tampa cigar tycoon D. Angel Cuesta, including photographs, documents, and C.D.s. Many of the materials in the collection are recreations of original materials, including documents and photographs from the 19th century.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains materials utilized for research on the life of Tampa cigar tycoon D. Angel Cuesta, including photographs, documents, and C.D.s. Many of the materials in the collection are recreations of original materials, including documents and photographs from the 19th century."],"names_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Cuesta, D. Angel (1858-1936)"],"corpname_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"names_coll_ssim":["Cuesta, D. Angel (1858-1936)"],"persname_ssim":["Cuesta, D. Angel (1858-1936)"],"language_ssim":["Spanish; Castilian English"],"total_component_count_is":4,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"d9c99c2087d93164b6689cff","timestamp":"2026-07-10T05:12:42.309Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/d9c99c2087d93164b6689cff"}},{"id":"9953312ec8a40ce91af2888d","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Daniel Family Papers, 1830-1927, Date acquired: 00/00/1984, bulk 1830-1879","creator":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/9953312ec8a40ce91af2888d#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["Daniel, Nathaniel"],"label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/9953312ec8a40ce91af2888d#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eRecords of the Daniel and Pollard families of Butler and Crenshaw Counties, Alabama, 1830-1927 including bills of sale for goods purchased in Montgomery and Greenville, Alabama; receipts for sale of cotton and payment of taxes, court summonses, church records, and related materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/9953312ec8a40ce91af2888d#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"9953312ec8a40ce91af2888d","title_ssm":["Daniel Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Daniel Family Papers"],"ead_ssi":"9953312ec8a40ce91af2888d","unitdate_ssm":["1830-1927","1830-1879","Date acquired: 00/00/1984"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1830-1879"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1830-1927"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 00/00/1984"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M1984-10","/repositories/2/resources/64"],"text":["M1984-10","/repositories/2/resources/64","Daniel Family Papers, 1830-1927, Date acquired: 00/00/1984, bulk 1830-1879","Butler County (Ala.).","Crenshaw County (Ala.).","Bills of sale--Alabama--Greenville.","Bills of Sale--Alabama--Montgomery.","Letters.","Summons--Alabama.","Open to researchers, dependent on our compliance with U.S. Copyright Law, HIPPA requirements, donor agreements and other applicable state and federal statutes.  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Permission may be granted by the Special Collections Librarian for such reprography dependent on issues of copyright, ownership, condition, donor agreements, etc.  In general, staff do not make reproductions of copyright materials or materials for which title is not owned by the institution.  Recent revisions in the U.S. Copyright Law extended the copyright of correspondence, letters, and other personal papers to the life of the author plus seventy years."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Phillip W. Woolley, 1984"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Bills of sale--Alabama--Greenville.","Bills of Sale--Alabama--Montgomery.","Letters.","Summons--Alabama."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Bills of sale--Alabama--Greenville.","Bills of Sale--Alabama--Montgomery.","Letters.","Summons--Alabama."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["181.00 items"],"extent_tesim":["181.00 items"],"genreform_ssim":["Bills of sale--Alabama--Greenville.","Bills of Sale--Alabama--Montgomery.","Letters.","Summons--Alabama."],"date_range_isim":[1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOpen to researchers, dependent on our compliance with U.S. Copyright Law, HIPPA requirements, donor agreements and other applicable state and federal statutes.  Occasionally we may need to review a collection before permitting immediate access.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Open to researchers, dependent on our compliance with U.S. Copyright Law, HIPPA requirements, donor agreements and other applicable state and federal statutes.  Occasionally we may need to review a collection before permitting immediate access."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBy family and then chronological.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["By family and then chronological."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords of the Daniel and Pollard families of Butler and Crenshaw Counties, Alabama, 1830-1927 including bills of sale for goods purchased in Montgomery and Greenville, Alabama; receipts for sale of cotton and payment of taxes, court summonses, church records, and related materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Records of the Daniel and Pollard families of Butler and Crenshaw Counties, Alabama, 1830-1927 including bills of sale for goods purchased in Montgomery and Greenville, Alabama; receipts for sale of cotton and payment of taxes, court summonses, church records, and related materials."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDigital photography, scanning, and photocopying of materials is prohibited.  Permission may be granted by the Special Collections Librarian for such reprography dependent on issues of copyright, ownership, condition, donor agreements, etc.  In general, staff do not make reproductions of copyright materials or materials for which title is not owned by the institution.  Recent revisions in the U.S. Copyright Law extended the copyright of correspondence, letters, and other personal papers to the life of the author plus seventy years.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Digital photography, scanning, and photocopying of materials is prohibited.  Permission may be granted by the Special Collections Librarian for such reprography dependent on issues of copyright, ownership, condition, donor agreements, etc.  In general, staff do not make reproductions of copyright materials or materials for which title is not owned by the institution.  Recent revisions in the U.S. Copyright Law extended the copyright of correspondence, letters, and other personal papers to the life of the author plus seventy years."],"names_ssim":["UWF University Archives and West Florida History Center","Daniel Family.","Daniels Family.","Pollard Family.","Daniel, Nathaniel","Mayes, Lois -- Correspondence."],"corpname_ssim":["UWF University Archives and West Florida History Center"],"names_coll_ssim":["Daniel Family.","Daniels Family.","Pollard Family.","Mayes, Lois -- Correspondence."],"famname_ssim":["Daniel Family.","Daniels Family.","Pollard Family."],"persname_ssim":["Daniel, Nathaniel","Mayes, Lois -- Correspondence."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":9,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870863843302834176,"_root_":"9953312ec8a40ce91af2888d","timestamp":"2026-07-16T09:39:56.850Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"9953312ec8a40ce91af2888d","title_ssm":["Daniel Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Daniel Family Papers"],"ead_ssi":"9953312ec8a40ce91af2888d","unitdate_ssm":["1830-1927","1830-1879","Date acquired: 00/00/1984"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1830-1879"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1830-1927"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 00/00/1984"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M1984-10","/repositories/2/resources/64"],"text":["M1984-10","/repositories/2/resources/64","Daniel Family Papers, 1830-1927, Date acquired: 00/00/1984, bulk 1830-1879","Butler County (Ala.).","Crenshaw County (Ala.).","Bills of sale--Alabama--Greenville.","Bills of Sale--Alabama--Montgomery.","Letters.","Summons--Alabama.","Open to researchers, dependent on our compliance with U.S. Copyright Law, HIPPA requirements, donor agreements and other applicable state and federal statutes.  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Permission may be granted by the Special Collections Librarian for such reprography dependent on issues of copyright, ownership, condition, donor agreements, etc.  In general, staff do not make reproductions of copyright materials or materials for which title is not owned by the institution.  Recent revisions in the U.S. Copyright Law extended the copyright of correspondence, letters, and other personal papers to the life of the author plus seventy years."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Phillip W. 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Johnson Collection, 1788-2002","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/54a0dc24f1b0fa466313d6c1#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eThe Daniel M. Johnson Collection consists of approximately 5,200 books published between the 1780s to 2002 that are by and about Africans and people of African descent. The collection includes many first edition and signed copies as well as pamphlets, articles, letters and photographs. The major categories that Daniel M. Johnson delineated for his collection are: African-American literature and children's literature; African and Caribbean literature; African-American history and critical thought; African, Egyptian, and Middle-Eastern history; and African-American art, music, dance, and sports. The catalog includes 4164 nonfiction books and 907 fiction books.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/54a0dc24f1b0fa466313d6c1#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"54a0dc24f1b0fa466313d6c1","title_filing_ssi":"Johnson, Daniel M. Collection","title_ssm":["Daniel M. Johnson Collection"],"title_tesim":["Daniel M. Johnson Collection"],"ead_ssi":"54a0dc24f1b0fa466313d6c1","unitdate_ssm":["1788-2002"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1788-2002"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["AARLCC.2001.3","/repositories/2/resources/291"],"text":["AARLCC.2001.3","/repositories/2/resources/291","Daniel M. Johnson Collection, 1788-2002","African American authors","Slavery--United States--History","African American churches","The Daniel M. Johnson Collection is open for research.","Daniel McTier Johnson (b. 1922) began collecting the books in New York city during the 1960s while working for the postal service. Johnson's interest in the materials led him to return to school, eventually earning a master's degree in education with a certificate in African American Studies, and become an elementary teacher for New York City Public Schools. He put the majority of his private collection up for sale in 2001. The Broward County Library purchased the collection in order to prepare for the 2002 opening of the AARLCC Special Collections.","Books from this collection were cataloged in the Broward County Library Catalog with the prefix \"DMJ\".","The Daniel M. Johnson Collection consists of approximately 5,200 books published between the 1780s to 2002 that are by and about Africans and people of African descent. The collection includes many first edition and signed copies as well as pamphlets, articles, letters and photographs. 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Johnson Collection (AARLCC-2001.3), AARLCC Special Collections, Broward County Library."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://broward.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/results?qu=DMJ\u0026amp;qf=LOCATION%09Shelf+Location%091%3AAF-SPC%09AARLCC+Special+Collections\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBooks from this collection were cataloged in the Broward County Library Catalog with the prefix \"DMJ\".\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Books from this collection were cataloged in the Broward County Library Catalog with the prefix \"DMJ\"."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Daniel M. Johnson Collection consists of approximately 5,200 books published between the 1780s to 2002 that are by and about Africans and people of African descent. The collection includes many first edition and signed copies as well as pamphlets, articles, letters and photographs. 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