{"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=World+War%2C+1939-1945--Campaigns--Italy","next":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=World+War%2C+1939-1945--Campaigns--Italy\u0026page=2","last":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=World+War%2C+1939-1945--Campaigns--Italy\u0026page=6"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":2,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":6,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":58,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"5500fdde41498d66fc4946d1","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"460th Heavy Bombardment Group Society papers, 1943-2015, Date acquired: 02/07/2015","creator":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/5500fdde41498d66fc4946d1#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["Bohnstedt, Duane"],"label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/5500fdde41498d66fc4946d1#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection of the 460th Heavy Bombardment Group Society contains a unit history of this B-24 U.S. Army Air Corps Group, 55th Wing, 760th, 761st, 762nd, 763rd Squadrons and Group Headquarters, which served in the Italian Campaign. 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They published a history of the 460th, along with editing and publishing a newsletter for the 460th Bomb Group Society.","Note written by Jordan Bolan","Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022.","The collection of the 460th Heavy Bombardment Group Society contains a unit history of this B-24 U.S. Army Air Corps Group, 55th Wing, 760th, 761st, 762nd, 763rd Squadrons and Group Headquarters, which served in the Italian Campaign. This collection primarily focuses on the memory of the war and those who served in the 460th. Included is a listing of the airmen who were held as prisoners of war, including their squadrons, positions on the plane (e.g. pilot, gunner), the date, mission, and what country or stalag in which they were held. Also included is a booklet, \"Remembering the 460th Bomb Group (H),\" which contains photographs, personnel lists, and maps, and was prepared as a gift from Duane and Betty Bohnstedt to their members. There are mission lists, target details, flight records, and crew searches. The collection includes issues of the society's veterans' association magazine, \"Black Panther\" from mid-1990 to their final issue, December 2005.","Additionally, there are copies of diaries, personal files, memoirs, and wartime letters assembled and sent to Bohnstedt by various crew members. An oral history of Bohnstedt is included. Correspondence is included with members that gave to his collection, as well as his accounts of personal research and travel while assembling this collection.","All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.","Claude Pepper Library","FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","United States. Army Air Forces. Bombardment Group (H), 460th","United States. Army Air Forces. Air Force, 15th","Germany. Luftwaffe","Great Britain. 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This collection primarily focuses on the memory of the war and those who served in the 460th. Included is a listing of the airmen who were held as prisoners of war, including their squadrons, positions on the plane (e.g. pilot, gunner), the date, mission, and what country or stalag in which they were held. Also included is a booklet, \"Remembering the 460th Bomb Group (H),\" which contains photographs, personnel lists, and maps, and was prepared as a gift from Duane and Betty Bohnstedt to their members. There are mission lists, target details, flight records, and crew searches. The collection includes issues of the society's veterans' association magazine, \"Black Panther\" from mid-1990 to their final issue, December 2005.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAdditionally, there are copies of diaries, personal files, memoirs, and wartime letters assembled and sent to Bohnstedt by various crew members. An oral history of Bohnstedt is included. 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They published a history of the 460th, along with editing and publishing a newsletter for the 460th Bomb Group Society.","Note written by Jordan Bolan","Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022.","The collection of the 460th Heavy Bombardment Group Society contains a unit history of this B-24 U.S. Army Air Corps Group, 55th Wing, 760th, 761st, 762nd, 763rd Squadrons and Group Headquarters, which served in the Italian Campaign. This collection primarily focuses on the memory of the war and those who served in the 460th. Included is a listing of the airmen who were held as prisoners of war, including their squadrons, positions on the plane (e.g. pilot, gunner), the date, mission, and what country or stalag in which they were held. Also included is a booklet, \"Remembering the 460th Bomb Group (H),\" which contains photographs, personnel lists, and maps, and was prepared as a gift from Duane and Betty Bohnstedt to their members. There are mission lists, target details, flight records, and crew searches. The collection includes issues of the society's veterans' association magazine, \"Black Panther\" from mid-1990 to their final issue, December 2005.","Additionally, there are copies of diaries, personal files, memoirs, and wartime letters assembled and sent to Bohnstedt by various crew members. An oral history of Bohnstedt is included. Correspondence is included with members that gave to his collection, as well as his accounts of personal research and travel while assembling this collection.","All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. 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Duane (\"Sparky\") was part of the 460th, a B-24 group, which was part of the 55th Wing, Fifteenth Air Force, stationed in Spinazzola, Italy, from February 1943 until May 1945. Duane was 19 when he joined and served with ordnance.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDuane and Betty Bohnstedt combined their skills and experiences to thoroughly preserve the history of the 460th. Duane has a degree in Art and Betty was an experienced writer. Together they became historians and archivists of their own collection. They published a history of the 460th, along with editing and publishing a newsletter for the 460th Bomb Group Society.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Jordan Bolan\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The collection was assembled by Duane and Betty Bohnstedt, who conducted extensive research on the 460th Bombardment Group by contacting its members and traveling to original station sites. Duane (\"Sparky\") was part of the 460th, a B-24 group, which was part of the 55th Wing, Fifteenth Air Force, stationed in Spinazzola, Italy, from February 1943 until May 1945. Duane was 19 when he joined and served with ordnance.","Duane and Betty Bohnstedt combined their skills and experiences to thoroughly preserve the history of the 460th. Duane has a degree in Art and Betty was an experienced writer. Together they became historians and archivists of their own collection. They published a history of the 460th, along with editing and publishing a newsletter for the 460th Bomb Group Society.","Note written by Jordan Bolan"],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTransferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives in July 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], 460th Heavy Bombardment Group Society papers, Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_01_0046\"\u003ehttp://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_01_0046\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], 460th Heavy Bombardment Group Society papers, Special Collections \u0026 Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida.  http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_01_0046 ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection of the 460th Heavy Bombardment Group Society contains a unit history of this B-24 U.S. Army Air Corps Group, 55th Wing, 760th, 761st, 762nd, 763rd Squadrons and Group Headquarters, which served in the Italian Campaign. This collection primarily focuses on the memory of the war and those who served in the 460th. Included is a listing of the airmen who were held as prisoners of war, including their squadrons, positions on the plane (e.g. pilot, gunner), the date, mission, and what country or stalag in which they were held. Also included is a booklet, \"Remembering the 460th Bomb Group (H),\" which contains photographs, personnel lists, and maps, and was prepared as a gift from Duane and Betty Bohnstedt to their members. There are mission lists, target details, flight records, and crew searches. The collection includes issues of the society's veterans' association magazine, \"Black Panther\" from mid-1990 to their final issue, December 2005.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAdditionally, there are copies of diaries, personal files, memoirs, and wartime letters assembled and sent to Bohnstedt by various crew members. An oral history of Bohnstedt is included. Correspondence is included with members that gave to his collection, as well as his accounts of personal research and travel while assembling this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection of the 460th Heavy Bombardment Group Society contains a unit history of this B-24 U.S. Army Air Corps Group, 55th Wing, 760th, 761st, 762nd, 763rd Squadrons and Group Headquarters, which served in the Italian Campaign. This collection primarily focuses on the memory of the war and those who served in the 460th. Included is a listing of the airmen who were held as prisoners of war, including their squadrons, positions on the plane (e.g. pilot, gunner), the date, mission, and what country or stalag in which they were held. Also included is a booklet, \"Remembering the 460th Bomb Group (H),\" which contains photographs, personnel lists, and maps, and was prepared as a gift from Duane and Betty Bohnstedt to their members. There are mission lists, target details, flight records, and crew searches. The collection includes issues of the society's veterans' association magazine, \"Black Panther\" from mid-1990 to their final issue, December 2005.","Additionally, there are copies of diaries, personal files, memoirs, and wartime letters assembled and sent to Bohnstedt by various crew members. An oral history of Bohnstedt is included. Correspondence is included with members that gave to his collection, as well as his accounts of personal research and travel while assembling this collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_e6da208691d4ff964bb3e8a2b5fd52c9\"\u003eClaude Pepper Library\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Claude Pepper Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Army Air Forces. Bombardment Group (H), 460th","United States. Army Air Forces. Air Force, 15th","Germany. Luftwaffe","Great Britain. Royal Air Force."],"names_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","United States. Army Air Forces. Bombardment Group (H), 460th","United States. Army Air Forces. Air Force, 15th","Germany. Luftwaffe","Great Britain. Royal Air Force.","Bohnstedt, Duane","Bohnstedt, Betty","Schwartz, John G., 1917-2003"],"corpname_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","United States. Army Air Forces. Bombardment Group (H), 460th","United States. Army Air Forces. Air Force, 15th","Germany. Luftwaffe","Great Britain. Royal Air Force."],"famname_ssim":["Bohnstedt, Duane","Bohnstedt, Betty"],"persname_ssim":["Schwartz, John G., 1917-2003"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":345,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1875295911299514368,"_root_":"5500fdde41498d66fc4946d1","timestamp":"2026-09-03T07:45:46.264Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/5500fdde41498d66fc4946d1"}},{"id":"480e46a504f2fba6b1588537","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998","creator":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/480e46a504f2fba6b1588537#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["484th Bombardment Group Association"],"label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/480e46a504f2fba6b1588537#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection relates to the 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) that was assigned to the 15th Air Force and based in Torretta, Italy as a component of the Foggia Airfield Complex during World War II and assigned B-24 Liberator heavy bombers.  The materials contained in this collection were subsequently assembled during the post-war period by the 484th Bombardment Group Association.  The collection contains official reports, data sheets, statistics, newspapers, Missing Air Crew Reports, personal histories, photographs, and unit histories.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/480e46a504f2fba6b1588537#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"480e46a504f2fba6b1588537","title_filing_ssi":"484th Bombardment Group Association papers","title_ssm":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers"],"title_tesim":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers"],"ead_ssi":"480e46a504f2fba6b1588537","unitdate_ssm":["1939-1998"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1939-1998"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["02.0047","/repositories/10/resources/197"],"text":["02.0047","/repositories/10/resources/197","484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998","Foggia (Italy)","B-24 (Bomber)","World War, 1939-1945--Aerial operations","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Italy","World War, 1939-1945--Yugoslavia","World War, 1939-1945--Austria","This collection is open to all researchers.","Constituted as 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) on September 14, 1943, the group officially activated on September 20th. Trained for combat with B-24 Liberator heavy bombers, the group transferred to Torretto Airfield in Italy during March and April 1944. Torretta airfield (also known as Cerignola #3) served as a semi-permanent heavy bomber airfield located approximately 14km (9 miles) southwest of Cerignola in Apulia, Italy.  This airbase would eventually form part of the Foggia Airfield Complex.  Assigned to Fifteenth Air Force, the group was redesignated the 484th Bombardment Group (Pathfinder) in May 1944 but did not perform pathfinder functions. Again, redesignated 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) in November 1944, the group operated primarily as a strategic bombardment organization through to April 1945.\n The group attacked targets such as oil refineries, oil storage plants, aircraft factories, heavy industry, and communications in Italy, France, Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Rumania, and Yugoslavia. On June 13, 1944, a heavy smoke screen prevented the group from bombing marshaling yards at Munich. In spite of severe damage from German flak and fighters, and despite heavy gunfire encountered at the alternate target, the group bombed marshaling yards at Innsbruck and received a Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC) for its persistent action. The group received a second DUC for performance on August 22, 1944, when, unescorted, the organization fought its way through an intense opposition to attack underground oil storage installations in Vienna. In addition to strategic missions, the 484th supported the allied ground drive toward Rome by bombing bridges, supply dumps, viaducts, and marshaling yards from April to June 1944. Furthermore, the group ferried gasoline and oil to Allied forces in southern France during September 1944 and supported the final advance through northern Italy.  Moved to Casablanca in May 1945, the group was assigned to Air Transport Command and subsequently deactivated in French Morocco on July 25, 1945. Squadrons assigned to the group included the 824th, 825th, 826th, and 827th. Stations assigned for the group during the war included Harvard AAF,  Nebraska from September 20, 1943, to March 2, 1944; Torretta AAF, Italy from April 1944-May 1945; and Casablanca, French Morocco, from May 25 to July 25, 1945. The assigned commanders included Colonel William B Keese from October 1943 to April 1945 and Lieutenant Colonel Chester C. Busch from April 1945 to deactivation","History of  The Torretta Flyer  newsletter:","Bud Markel wrote the history of the 484th Bomb Group and preserved it in  The Torretta Flyer.  He and his wife Bea organized the first reunion of the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups in May of 1981.  In December of 1981, the 461st and 484th Bomb Groups Association were incorporated in the state of California as a non-profit corporation. Starting with a newsletter bulletin to keep early members up to date on the fledgling organization, the name  The Torretta Flyer  was first applied to newsletter number 4. In 1992 the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups formed their own separate associations. Bud was the president of the 484th BG Association and the editor of  The Torretta Flyer  until the association was disbanded in 2001.  An excellent writer, photographer, aviation historian, and organizer, Bud published  The Torretta Flyer  twice yearly for 20 years.  With the help of Bea, he also organized and hosted annual reunions for the association.  The Torretta Flyer  evolved from a mimeographed newsletter into a fine glossy magazine filled with photographs, data compiled from official sources, letters and stories written by members, and scholarly contributions from writers in the historical aviation field.  When the 484th BG Association was disbanded, Bud and Bea donated 50 1200 page bound two-volume sets of  The Torretta Flyer  to various libraries and museums around the country.  Bud Markel flew 35 combat missions as a B-24 engineer between January and May of 1945.  He was employed as an A\u0026P mechanic for United Airlines in Los Angeles from 1948 until retirement.  He was especially proud of the 484th BG Association scholarship fund which was originally conceived as a living memorial to the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups.  Through this fund, the association donated $53,000 to deserving high school students from the area around Cerignola, Italy.  The Torretta Flyer  is copyright © 484th Bomb Group Association","Link to The Torretta Flyer newsletter index:  http://www.484th.org/Torretta%20Flyer/Torretta%20Flyer.htm","Source:","\"484th Bombardment Group (H).\" www.484th.org. Accessed June 8, 2018. http://www.484th.org/.","Note written by Dick Olson, 484th Bombardment Group Association Historian","Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022.","Link to official website of the 484th Bombardment Group Association:   http://www.484th.org/ . This website is also included in an  Internet Archive web collection  for the World War II Archives. ","The Internet Archive collection includes the website for the 461st Bombardment Group (H).","This collection relates to the 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) that was assigned to the 15th Air Force and based in Torretta, Italy as a component of the Foggia Airfield Complex during World War II and assigned B-24 Liberator heavy bombers.  The materials contained in this collection were subsequently assembled during the post-war period by the 484th Bombardment Group Association.  The collection contains official reports, data sheets, statistics, newspapers, Missing Air Crew Reports, personal histories, photographs, and unit histories.","All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.","Claude Pepper Library","FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","484th Bombardment Group Association","United States. Army Air Forces, Bombardment Group (H), 484th","English"],"unitid_tesim":["02.0047","/repositories/10/resources/197"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1939-1998"],"normalized_title_ssm":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998"],"collection_title_tesim":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998"],"collection_ssim":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998"],"repository_ssm":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Foggia (Italy)"],"geogname_ssim":["Foggia (Italy)"],"creator_ssm":["484th Bombardment Group Association"],"creator_ssim":["484th Bombardment Group Association"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["484th Bombardment Group Association"],"creators_ssim":["484th Bombardment Group Association"],"places_ssim":["Foggia (Italy)"],"access_terms_ssm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"access_subjects_ssim":["B-24 (Bomber)","World War, 1939-1945--Aerial operations","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Italy","World War, 1939-1945--Yugoslavia","World War, 1939-1945--Austria"],"access_subjects_ssm":["B-24 (Bomber)","World War, 1939-1945--Aerial operations","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Italy","World War, 1939-1945--Yugoslavia","World War, 1939-1945--Austria"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["17 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["17 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to all researchers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to all researchers."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eConstituted as 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) on September 14, 1943, the group officially activated on September 20th. Trained for combat with B-24 Liberator heavy bombers, the group transferred to Torretto Airfield in Italy during March and April 1944. Torretta airfield (also known as Cerignola #3) served as a semi-permanent heavy bomber airfield located approximately 14km (9 miles) southwest of Cerignola in Apulia, Italy.\u0026#xA0; This airbase would eventually form part of the Foggia Airfield Complex.\u0026#xA0; Assigned to Fifteenth Air Force, the group was redesignated the 484th Bombardment Group (Pathfinder) in May 1944 but did not perform pathfinder functions. Again, redesignated 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) in November 1944, the group operated primarily as a strategic bombardment organization through to April 1945.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe group attacked targets such as oil refineries, oil storage plants, aircraft factories, heavy industry, and communications in Italy, France, Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Rumania, and Yugoslavia. On June 13, 1944, a heavy smoke screen prevented the group from bombing marshaling yards at Munich. In spite of severe damage from German flak and fighters, and despite heavy gunfire encountered at the alternate target, the group bombed marshaling yards at Innsbruck and received a Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC) for its persistent action. The group received a second DUC for performance on August 22, 1944, when, unescorted, the organization fought its way through an intense opposition to attack underground oil storage installations in Vienna. In addition to strategic missions, the 484th supported the allied ground drive toward Rome by bombing bridges, supply dumps, viaducts, and marshaling yards from April to June 1944. Furthermore, the group ferried gasoline and oil to Allied forces in southern France during September 1944 and supported the final advance through northern Italy.\u0026#xA0; Moved to Casablanca in May 1945, the group was assigned to Air Transport Command and subsequently deactivated in French Morocco on July 25, 1945. Squadrons assigned to the group included the 824th, 825th, 826th, and 827th. Stations assigned for the group during the war included Harvard AAF,\u0026#xA0; Nebraska from September 20, 1943, to March 2, 1944; Torretta AAF, Italy from April 1944-May 1945; and Casablanca, French Morocco, from May 25 to July 25, 1945. The assigned commanders included Colonel William B Keese from October 1943 to April 1945 and Lieutenant Colonel Chester C. Busch from April 1945 to deactivation\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistory of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e newsletter:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBud Markel wrote the history of the 484th Bomb Group and preserved it in \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer.\u003c/emph\u003e He and his wife Bea organized the first reunion of the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups in May of 1981.\u0026#xA0; In December of 1981, the 461st and 484th Bomb Groups Association were incorporated in the state of California as a non-profit corporation. Starting with a newsletter bulletin to keep early members up to date on the fledgling organization, the name \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e was first applied to newsletter number 4. In 1992 the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups formed their own separate associations. Bud was the president of the 484th BG Association and the editor of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e until the association was disbanded in 2001.\u0026#xA0; An excellent writer, photographer, aviation historian, and organizer, Bud published \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e twice yearly for 20 years.\u0026#xA0; With the help of Bea, he also organized and hosted annual reunions for the association. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e evolved from a mimeographed newsletter into a fine glossy magazine filled with photographs, data compiled from official sources, letters and stories written by members, and scholarly contributions from writers in the historical aviation field.\u0026#xA0; When the 484th BG Association was disbanded, Bud and Bea donated 50 1200 page bound two-volume sets of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e to various libraries and museums around the country.\u0026#xA0; Bud Markel flew 35 combat missions as a B-24 engineer between January and May of 1945.\u0026#xA0; He was employed as an A\u0026amp;P mechanic for United Airlines in Los Angeles from 1948 until retirement.\u0026#xA0; He was especially proud of the 484th BG Association scholarship fund which was originally conceived as a living memorial to the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups.\u0026#xA0; Through this fund, the association donated $53,000 to deserving high school students from the area around Cerignola, Italy. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e is copyright \u0026#xA9; 484th Bomb Group Association\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLink to The Torretta Flyer newsletter index: \u003cextref href=\"http://www.484th.org/Torretta%20Flyer/Torretta%20Flyer.htm\"\u003ehttp://www.484th.org/Torretta%20Flyer/Torretta%20Flyer.htm\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSource:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"484th Bombardment Group (H).\" www.484th.org. Accessed June 8, 2018. http://www.484th.org/.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNote written by Dick Olson, 484th Bombardment Group Association Historian\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Constituted as 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) on September 14, 1943, the group officially activated on September 20th. Trained for combat with B-24 Liberator heavy bombers, the group transferred to Torretto Airfield in Italy during March and April 1944. Torretta airfield (also known as Cerignola #3) served as a semi-permanent heavy bomber airfield located approximately 14km (9 miles) southwest of Cerignola in Apulia, Italy.  This airbase would eventually form part of the Foggia Airfield Complex.  Assigned to Fifteenth Air Force, the group was redesignated the 484th Bombardment Group (Pathfinder) in May 1944 but did not perform pathfinder functions. Again, redesignated 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) in November 1944, the group operated primarily as a strategic bombardment organization through to April 1945.\n The group attacked targets such as oil refineries, oil storage plants, aircraft factories, heavy industry, and communications in Italy, France, Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Rumania, and Yugoslavia. On June 13, 1944, a heavy smoke screen prevented the group from bombing marshaling yards at Munich. In spite of severe damage from German flak and fighters, and despite heavy gunfire encountered at the alternate target, the group bombed marshaling yards at Innsbruck and received a Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC) for its persistent action. The group received a second DUC for performance on August 22, 1944, when, unescorted, the organization fought its way through an intense opposition to attack underground oil storage installations in Vienna. In addition to strategic missions, the 484th supported the allied ground drive toward Rome by bombing bridges, supply dumps, viaducts, and marshaling yards from April to June 1944. Furthermore, the group ferried gasoline and oil to Allied forces in southern France during September 1944 and supported the final advance through northern Italy.  Moved to Casablanca in May 1945, the group was assigned to Air Transport Command and subsequently deactivated in French Morocco on July 25, 1945. Squadrons assigned to the group included the 824th, 825th, 826th, and 827th. Stations assigned for the group during the war included Harvard AAF,  Nebraska from September 20, 1943, to March 2, 1944; Torretta AAF, Italy from April 1944-May 1945; and Casablanca, French Morocco, from May 25 to July 25, 1945. The assigned commanders included Colonel William B Keese from October 1943 to April 1945 and Lieutenant Colonel Chester C. Busch from April 1945 to deactivation","History of  The Torretta Flyer  newsletter:","Bud Markel wrote the history of the 484th Bomb Group and preserved it in  The Torretta Flyer.  He and his wife Bea organized the first reunion of the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups in May of 1981.  In December of 1981, the 461st and 484th Bomb Groups Association were incorporated in the state of California as a non-profit corporation. Starting with a newsletter bulletin to keep early members up to date on the fledgling organization, the name  The Torretta Flyer  was first applied to newsletter number 4. In 1992 the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups formed their own separate associations. Bud was the president of the 484th BG Association and the editor of  The Torretta Flyer  until the association was disbanded in 2001.  An excellent writer, photographer, aviation historian, and organizer, Bud published  The Torretta Flyer  twice yearly for 20 years.  With the help of Bea, he also organized and hosted annual reunions for the association.  The Torretta Flyer  evolved from a mimeographed newsletter into a fine glossy magazine filled with photographs, data compiled from official sources, letters and stories written by members, and scholarly contributions from writers in the historical aviation field.  When the 484th BG Association was disbanded, Bud and Bea donated 50 1200 page bound two-volume sets of  The Torretta Flyer  to various libraries and museums around the country.  Bud Markel flew 35 combat missions as a B-24 engineer between January and May of 1945.  He was employed as an A\u0026P mechanic for United Airlines in Los Angeles from 1948 until retirement.  He was especially proud of the 484th BG Association scholarship fund which was originally conceived as a living memorial to the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups.  Through this fund, the association donated $53,000 to deserving high school students from the area around Cerignola, Italy.  The Torretta Flyer  is copyright © 484th Bomb Group Association","Link to The Torretta Flyer newsletter index:  http://www.484th.org/Torretta%20Flyer/Torretta%20Flyer.htm","Source:","\"484th Bombardment Group (H).\" www.484th.org. Accessed June 8, 2018. http://www.484th.org/.","Note written by Dick Olson, 484th Bombardment Group Association Historian"],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTransferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives in July 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], 484th Bombardment Group Association papers, Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_02_0047\"\u003ehttp://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_02_0047\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], 484th Bombardment Group Association papers, Special Collections \u0026 Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida.  http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_02_0047 ."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLink to official website of the 484th Bombardment Group Association:\u0026#xA0; \u003cextref href=\"http://www.484th.org/\"\u003ehttp://www.484th.org/\u003c/extref\u003e. This website is also included in an \u003cextref href=\"https://archive-it.org/collections/10115\"\u003eInternet Archive web collection\u003c/extref\u003e for the World War II Archives. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Internet Archive collection includes the website for the 461st Bombardment Group (H).\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials - Related Publications"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Link to official website of the 484th Bombardment Group Association:   http://www.484th.org/ . This website is also included in an  Internet Archive web collection  for the World War II Archives. ","The Internet Archive collection includes the website for the 461st Bombardment Group (H)."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection relates to the 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) that was assigned to the 15th Air Force and based in Torretta, Italy as a component of the Foggia Airfield Complex during World War II and assigned B-24 Liberator heavy bombers.\u0026#xA0; The materials contained in this collection were subsequently assembled during the post-war period by the 484th Bombardment Group Association.\u0026#xA0; The collection contains official reports, data sheets, statistics, newspapers, Missing Air Crew Reports, personal histories, photographs, and unit histories.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection relates to the 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) that was assigned to the 15th Air Force and based in Torretta, Italy as a component of the Foggia Airfield Complex during World War II and assigned B-24 Liberator heavy bombers.  The materials contained in this collection were subsequently assembled during the post-war period by the 484th Bombardment Group Association.  The collection contains official reports, data sheets, statistics, newspapers, Missing Air Crew Reports, personal histories, photographs, and unit histories."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_dc95db454fe0ad060bd914009fe90431\"\u003eClaude Pepper Library\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Claude Pepper Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["484th Bombardment Group Association","United States. Army Air Forces, Bombardment Group (H), 484th"],"names_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","484th Bombardment Group Association","United States. Army Air Forces, Bombardment Group (H), 484th"],"corpname_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","484th Bombardment Group Association","United States. Army Air Forces, Bombardment Group (H), 484th"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":315,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"480e46a504f2fba6b1588537","timestamp":"2026-07-10T05:44:27.461Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"480e46a504f2fba6b1588537","title_filing_ssi":"484th Bombardment Group Association papers","title_ssm":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers"],"title_tesim":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers"],"ead_ssi":"480e46a504f2fba6b1588537","unitdate_ssm":["1939-1998"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1939-1998"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["02.0047","/repositories/10/resources/197"],"text":["02.0047","/repositories/10/resources/197","484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998","Foggia (Italy)","B-24 (Bomber)","World War, 1939-1945--Aerial operations","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Italy","World War, 1939-1945--Yugoslavia","World War, 1939-1945--Austria","This collection is open to all researchers.","Constituted as 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) on September 14, 1943, the group officially activated on September 20th. Trained for combat with B-24 Liberator heavy bombers, the group transferred to Torretto Airfield in Italy during March and April 1944. Torretta airfield (also known as Cerignola #3) served as a semi-permanent heavy bomber airfield located approximately 14km (9 miles) southwest of Cerignola in Apulia, Italy.  This airbase would eventually form part of the Foggia Airfield Complex.  Assigned to Fifteenth Air Force, the group was redesignated the 484th Bombardment Group (Pathfinder) in May 1944 but did not perform pathfinder functions. Again, redesignated 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) in November 1944, the group operated primarily as a strategic bombardment organization through to April 1945.\n The group attacked targets such as oil refineries, oil storage plants, aircraft factories, heavy industry, and communications in Italy, France, Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Rumania, and Yugoslavia. On June 13, 1944, a heavy smoke screen prevented the group from bombing marshaling yards at Munich. In spite of severe damage from German flak and fighters, and despite heavy gunfire encountered at the alternate target, the group bombed marshaling yards at Innsbruck and received a Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC) for its persistent action. The group received a second DUC for performance on August 22, 1944, when, unescorted, the organization fought its way through an intense opposition to attack underground oil storage installations in Vienna. In addition to strategic missions, the 484th supported the allied ground drive toward Rome by bombing bridges, supply dumps, viaducts, and marshaling yards from April to June 1944. Furthermore, the group ferried gasoline and oil to Allied forces in southern France during September 1944 and supported the final advance through northern Italy.  Moved to Casablanca in May 1945, the group was assigned to Air Transport Command and subsequently deactivated in French Morocco on July 25, 1945. Squadrons assigned to the group included the 824th, 825th, 826th, and 827th. Stations assigned for the group during the war included Harvard AAF,  Nebraska from September 20, 1943, to March 2, 1944; Torretta AAF, Italy from April 1944-May 1945; and Casablanca, French Morocco, from May 25 to July 25, 1945. The assigned commanders included Colonel William B Keese from October 1943 to April 1945 and Lieutenant Colonel Chester C. Busch from April 1945 to deactivation","History of  The Torretta Flyer  newsletter:","Bud Markel wrote the history of the 484th Bomb Group and preserved it in  The Torretta Flyer.  He and his wife Bea organized the first reunion of the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups in May of 1981.  In December of 1981, the 461st and 484th Bomb Groups Association were incorporated in the state of California as a non-profit corporation. Starting with a newsletter bulletin to keep early members up to date on the fledgling organization, the name  The Torretta Flyer  was first applied to newsletter number 4. In 1992 the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups formed their own separate associations. Bud was the president of the 484th BG Association and the editor of  The Torretta Flyer  until the association was disbanded in 2001.  An excellent writer, photographer, aviation historian, and organizer, Bud published  The Torretta Flyer  twice yearly for 20 years.  With the help of Bea, he also organized and hosted annual reunions for the association.  The Torretta Flyer  evolved from a mimeographed newsletter into a fine glossy magazine filled with photographs, data compiled from official sources, letters and stories written by members, and scholarly contributions from writers in the historical aviation field.  When the 484th BG Association was disbanded, Bud and Bea donated 50 1200 page bound two-volume sets of  The Torretta Flyer  to various libraries and museums around the country.  Bud Markel flew 35 combat missions as a B-24 engineer between January and May of 1945.  He was employed as an A\u0026P mechanic for United Airlines in Los Angeles from 1948 until retirement.  He was especially proud of the 484th BG Association scholarship fund which was originally conceived as a living memorial to the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups.  Through this fund, the association donated $53,000 to deserving high school students from the area around Cerignola, Italy.  The Torretta Flyer  is copyright © 484th Bomb Group Association","Link to The Torretta Flyer newsletter index:  http://www.484th.org/Torretta%20Flyer/Torretta%20Flyer.htm","Source:","\"484th Bombardment Group (H).\" www.484th.org. Accessed June 8, 2018. http://www.484th.org/.","Note written by Dick Olson, 484th Bombardment Group Association Historian","Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022.","Link to official website of the 484th Bombardment Group Association:   http://www.484th.org/ . This website is also included in an  Internet Archive web collection  for the World War II Archives. ","The Internet Archive collection includes the website for the 461st Bombardment Group (H).","This collection relates to the 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) that was assigned to the 15th Air Force and based in Torretta, Italy as a component of the Foggia Airfield Complex during World War II and assigned B-24 Liberator heavy bombers.  The materials contained in this collection were subsequently assembled during the post-war period by the 484th Bombardment Group Association.  The collection contains official reports, data sheets, statistics, newspapers, Missing Air Crew Reports, personal histories, photographs, and unit histories.","All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.","Claude Pepper Library","FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","484th Bombardment Group Association","United States. Army Air Forces, Bombardment Group (H), 484th","English"],"unitid_tesim":["02.0047","/repositories/10/resources/197"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1939-1998"],"normalized_title_ssm":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998"],"collection_title_tesim":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998"],"collection_ssim":["484th Bombardment Group Association papers, 1939-1998"],"repository_ssm":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Foggia (Italy)"],"geogname_ssim":["Foggia (Italy)"],"creator_ssm":["484th Bombardment Group Association"],"creator_ssim":["484th Bombardment Group Association"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["484th Bombardment Group Association"],"creators_ssim":["484th Bombardment Group Association"],"places_ssim":["Foggia (Italy)"],"access_terms_ssm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"access_subjects_ssim":["B-24 (Bomber)","World War, 1939-1945--Aerial operations","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Italy","World War, 1939-1945--Yugoslavia","World War, 1939-1945--Austria"],"access_subjects_ssm":["B-24 (Bomber)","World War, 1939-1945--Aerial operations","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Italy","World War, 1939-1945--Yugoslavia","World War, 1939-1945--Austria"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["17 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["17 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to all researchers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to all researchers."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eConstituted as 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) on September 14, 1943, the group officially activated on September 20th. Trained for combat with B-24 Liberator heavy bombers, the group transferred to Torretto Airfield in Italy during March and April 1944. Torretta airfield (also known as Cerignola #3) served as a semi-permanent heavy bomber airfield located approximately 14km (9 miles) southwest of Cerignola in Apulia, Italy.\u0026#xA0; This airbase would eventually form part of the Foggia Airfield Complex.\u0026#xA0; Assigned to Fifteenth Air Force, the group was redesignated the 484th Bombardment Group (Pathfinder) in May 1944 but did not perform pathfinder functions. Again, redesignated 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) in November 1944, the group operated primarily as a strategic bombardment organization through to April 1945.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe group attacked targets such as oil refineries, oil storage plants, aircraft factories, heavy industry, and communications in Italy, France, Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Rumania, and Yugoslavia. On June 13, 1944, a heavy smoke screen prevented the group from bombing marshaling yards at Munich. In spite of severe damage from German flak and fighters, and despite heavy gunfire encountered at the alternate target, the group bombed marshaling yards at Innsbruck and received a Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC) for its persistent action. The group received a second DUC for performance on August 22, 1944, when, unescorted, the organization fought its way through an intense opposition to attack underground oil storage installations in Vienna. In addition to strategic missions, the 484th supported the allied ground drive toward Rome by bombing bridges, supply dumps, viaducts, and marshaling yards from April to June 1944. Furthermore, the group ferried gasoline and oil to Allied forces in southern France during September 1944 and supported the final advance through northern Italy.\u0026#xA0; Moved to Casablanca in May 1945, the group was assigned to Air Transport Command and subsequently deactivated in French Morocco on July 25, 1945. Squadrons assigned to the group included the 824th, 825th, 826th, and 827th. Stations assigned for the group during the war included Harvard AAF,\u0026#xA0; Nebraska from September 20, 1943, to March 2, 1944; Torretta AAF, Italy from April 1944-May 1945; and Casablanca, French Morocco, from May 25 to July 25, 1945. The assigned commanders included Colonel William B Keese from October 1943 to April 1945 and Lieutenant Colonel Chester C. Busch from April 1945 to deactivation\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistory of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e newsletter:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBud Markel wrote the history of the 484th Bomb Group and preserved it in \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer.\u003c/emph\u003e He and his wife Bea organized the first reunion of the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups in May of 1981.\u0026#xA0; In December of 1981, the 461st and 484th Bomb Groups Association were incorporated in the state of California as a non-profit corporation. Starting with a newsletter bulletin to keep early members up to date on the fledgling organization, the name \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e was first applied to newsletter number 4. In 1992 the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups formed their own separate associations. Bud was the president of the 484th BG Association and the editor of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e until the association was disbanded in 2001.\u0026#xA0; An excellent writer, photographer, aviation historian, and organizer, Bud published \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e twice yearly for 20 years.\u0026#xA0; With the help of Bea, he also organized and hosted annual reunions for the association. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e evolved from a mimeographed newsletter into a fine glossy magazine filled with photographs, data compiled from official sources, letters and stories written by members, and scholarly contributions from writers in the historical aviation field.\u0026#xA0; When the 484th BG Association was disbanded, Bud and Bea donated 50 1200 page bound two-volume sets of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e to various libraries and museums around the country.\u0026#xA0; Bud Markel flew 35 combat missions as a B-24 engineer between January and May of 1945.\u0026#xA0; He was employed as an A\u0026amp;P mechanic for United Airlines in Los Angeles from 1948 until retirement.\u0026#xA0; He was especially proud of the 484th BG Association scholarship fund which was originally conceived as a living memorial to the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups.\u0026#xA0; Through this fund, the association donated $53,000 to deserving high school students from the area around Cerignola, Italy. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Torretta Flyer\u003c/emph\u003e is copyright \u0026#xA9; 484th Bomb Group Association\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLink to The Torretta Flyer newsletter index: \u003cextref href=\"http://www.484th.org/Torretta%20Flyer/Torretta%20Flyer.htm\"\u003ehttp://www.484th.org/Torretta%20Flyer/Torretta%20Flyer.htm\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSource:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"484th Bombardment Group (H).\" www.484th.org. Accessed June 8, 2018. http://www.484th.org/.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNote written by Dick Olson, 484th Bombardment Group Association Historian\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Constituted as 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) on September 14, 1943, the group officially activated on September 20th. Trained for combat with B-24 Liberator heavy bombers, the group transferred to Torretto Airfield in Italy during March and April 1944. Torretta airfield (also known as Cerignola #3) served as a semi-permanent heavy bomber airfield located approximately 14km (9 miles) southwest of Cerignola in Apulia, Italy.  This airbase would eventually form part of the Foggia Airfield Complex.  Assigned to Fifteenth Air Force, the group was redesignated the 484th Bombardment Group (Pathfinder) in May 1944 but did not perform pathfinder functions. Again, redesignated 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) in November 1944, the group operated primarily as a strategic bombardment organization through to April 1945.\n The group attacked targets such as oil refineries, oil storage plants, aircraft factories, heavy industry, and communications in Italy, France, Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Rumania, and Yugoslavia. On June 13, 1944, a heavy smoke screen prevented the group from bombing marshaling yards at Munich. In spite of severe damage from German flak and fighters, and despite heavy gunfire encountered at the alternate target, the group bombed marshaling yards at Innsbruck and received a Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC) for its persistent action. The group received a second DUC for performance on August 22, 1944, when, unescorted, the organization fought its way through an intense opposition to attack underground oil storage installations in Vienna. In addition to strategic missions, the 484th supported the allied ground drive toward Rome by bombing bridges, supply dumps, viaducts, and marshaling yards from April to June 1944. Furthermore, the group ferried gasoline and oil to Allied forces in southern France during September 1944 and supported the final advance through northern Italy.  Moved to Casablanca in May 1945, the group was assigned to Air Transport Command and subsequently deactivated in French Morocco on July 25, 1945. Squadrons assigned to the group included the 824th, 825th, 826th, and 827th. Stations assigned for the group during the war included Harvard AAF,  Nebraska from September 20, 1943, to March 2, 1944; Torretta AAF, Italy from April 1944-May 1945; and Casablanca, French Morocco, from May 25 to July 25, 1945. The assigned commanders included Colonel William B Keese from October 1943 to April 1945 and Lieutenant Colonel Chester C. Busch from April 1945 to deactivation","History of  The Torretta Flyer  newsletter:","Bud Markel wrote the history of the 484th Bomb Group and preserved it in  The Torretta Flyer.  He and his wife Bea organized the first reunion of the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups in May of 1981.  In December of 1981, the 461st and 484th Bomb Groups Association were incorporated in the state of California as a non-profit corporation. Starting with a newsletter bulletin to keep early members up to date on the fledgling organization, the name  The Torretta Flyer  was first applied to newsletter number 4. In 1992 the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups formed their own separate associations. Bud was the president of the 484th BG Association and the editor of  The Torretta Flyer  until the association was disbanded in 2001.  An excellent writer, photographer, aviation historian, and organizer, Bud published  The Torretta Flyer  twice yearly for 20 years.  With the help of Bea, he also organized and hosted annual reunions for the association.  The Torretta Flyer  evolved from a mimeographed newsletter into a fine glossy magazine filled with photographs, data compiled from official sources, letters and stories written by members, and scholarly contributions from writers in the historical aviation field.  When the 484th BG Association was disbanded, Bud and Bea donated 50 1200 page bound two-volume sets of  The Torretta Flyer  to various libraries and museums around the country.  Bud Markel flew 35 combat missions as a B-24 engineer between January and May of 1945.  He was employed as an A\u0026P mechanic for United Airlines in Los Angeles from 1948 until retirement.  He was especially proud of the 484th BG Association scholarship fund which was originally conceived as a living memorial to the 484th and 461st Bomb Groups.  Through this fund, the association donated $53,000 to deserving high school students from the area around Cerignola, Italy.  The Torretta Flyer  is copyright © 484th Bomb Group Association","Link to The Torretta Flyer newsletter index:  http://www.484th.org/Torretta%20Flyer/Torretta%20Flyer.htm","Source:","\"484th Bombardment Group (H).\" www.484th.org. Accessed June 8, 2018. http://www.484th.org/.","Note written by Dick Olson, 484th Bombardment Group Association Historian"],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTransferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives in July 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], 484th Bombardment Group Association papers, Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_02_0047\"\u003ehttp://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_02_0047\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], 484th Bombardment Group Association papers, Special Collections \u0026 Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida.  http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_02_0047 ."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLink to official website of the 484th Bombardment Group Association:\u0026#xA0; \u003cextref href=\"http://www.484th.org/\"\u003ehttp://www.484th.org/\u003c/extref\u003e. This website is also included in an \u003cextref href=\"https://archive-it.org/collections/10115\"\u003eInternet Archive web collection\u003c/extref\u003e for the World War II Archives. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Internet Archive collection includes the website for the 461st Bombardment Group (H).\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials - Related Publications"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Link to official website of the 484th Bombardment Group Association:   http://www.484th.org/ . This website is also included in an  Internet Archive web collection  for the World War II Archives. ","The Internet Archive collection includes the website for the 461st Bombardment Group (H)."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection relates to the 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) that was assigned to the 15th Air Force and based in Torretta, Italy as a component of the Foggia Airfield Complex during World War II and assigned B-24 Liberator heavy bombers.\u0026#xA0; The materials contained in this collection were subsequently assembled during the post-war period by the 484th Bombardment Group Association.\u0026#xA0; The collection contains official reports, data sheets, statistics, newspapers, Missing Air Crew Reports, personal histories, photographs, and unit histories.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection relates to the 484th Bombardment Group (Heavy) that was assigned to the 15th Air Force and based in Torretta, Italy as a component of the Foggia Airfield Complex during World War II and assigned B-24 Liberator heavy bombers.  The materials contained in this collection were subsequently assembled during the post-war period by the 484th Bombardment Group Association.  The collection contains official reports, data sheets, statistics, newspapers, Missing Air Crew Reports, personal histories, photographs, and unit histories."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives. 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Documents in the collection include Haggerty's memories of his time with the plane, photocopies of pictures of the plane and the crew as well as an excerpt from a book were Sidney Winski, the first pilot of this aircraft,  recounts the \"Three Feathers\" incident, and finally the transcript of an interview where Haggerty provides a detailed account of his life, his time in training, the \"Three Feathers incident,\" his experiences on service in Italy and the functioning of a B-24.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/e87a3cbd3c539e0a4b1ad6b8#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"e87a3cbd3c539e0a4b1ad6b8","title_filing_ssi":"Haggerty, Albert L. papers","title_ssm":["Albert L. Haggerty papers"],"title_tesim":["Albert L. 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Haggerty papers, 1942-1945, Date acquired: 06/15/2000, bulk 1943-1945","Italy","Airplanes, Military--United States--History","Airplanes--Models","Bombing, Aerial--History--20th century","Airplanes Accidents","Airborne operations (Military science)--History","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Italy","Bronze Star Medal (U.S.)","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Africa, North","World War, 1939-1945--Brazil","United States. -- Air Force. -- Air Force, 20th -- History","Basic training","Military training camps--United StatesMilitary training camps--United States","Airplanes--Maintenance and repair","Airplane mechanics (Persons)","This collection is open to all researchers.","Albert \"Al\" L. Haggerty was born in Eagle Creek, Alabama on October 6, 1920. Soon after the start of the war,  he tried to enlist as a pilot in the U.S. Naval Air Corps, but was rejected because he wore glasses. So he decided to wait until he was drafted in order to serve which occurred on September 10, 1942, and assigned to the U.S. Army Air Corps. Haggerty then attended basic training and instructed in airplane mechanics. He moved through several training camps and military bases in the process, including: Columbia SC, St. Petersburg and Clearwater FL, Gulfport MS, Patterson, NJ, Salt Lake City UT, Dyersburg TN, Wendover UT, Fairmont and Lincoln NE, Memphis TN and finally Morrison Field in West Palm Beach FL. at Dyersburg, Haggerty became acquainted with the mechanics of the B-17's and later the B-24's.  Later at Fairmont,  he finally would be assigned as crew chief to the B-24 numbered 636, on the 726th Squadron of the 451st Bomb Group.\n One notable incident Haggerty recounts is that, at one point in Fairmont, while the air crew was practicing maneuvers. The 636 was flown twice by a different team who reported excessive oil pressure on the aircraft's four engines, which forced Haggerty to lower it; despite good reports from Sidney Winski, the 636's usual pilot. After the decrease in oil pressure the aircraft experienced failures in a series of flights in which one or more propellers failed. The most severe of these occurred during a flight between West Palm Beach and Trinidad, in which Haggerty was on board. There, the sudden stop of three of the four propellers in midair forced them to make an emergency landing in the isle of Saint Lucia. Haggerty would later blame the failure of the engines on the low oil pressure which he finally fixed once the crew got to Brazil. Because of this incident, the crew renamed their plane \"Three Feathers.\"\n Haggerty continued flying aboard \"Three Feathers\" as it took the Southern route on the way to Europe, making stops at Saint Lucia (forcefully), Trinidad, Belem and Natal in Brazil, Dakar in Senegal, Marrakech in Morocco and Telergma in Algeria until finally reaching Italy by the end of 1943. They remained stationed there until June 1945, first in the air base at Gioia de Colle and later in the one at Castelluccio dei Sauri both in the region of Apulia. Eventually, a new flying crew was assigned to Haggerty and the \"Three Feathers,\" but after a short time, the plane was taken from them, deemed \"war weary\" and later scrapped. He remained at the base performing maintenance on different planes until the surrender of Germany.\n By the time of the surrender of Japan, Haggerty was still in the service, back in the United States. He was discharged on September 12, 1945 having reached the rank of Master Sergeant and having been awarded a Bronze Star. Albert passed away in his home on July 29, 2010 in Tallahassee, Florida.\nNote written by Alberto Miguel Pérez-Rueda","Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022.","Revised 10/08/2017 by Alberto Miguel Pérez-Rueda","This collection consists on a series of papers focused on Albert \"Al\" Haggerty and the \"Three Feathers\"  B-24 Liberator Bomber he was assigned as crew chief during World War II. The \"Three Feathers\" bomber belonging to the 726th Bomber Squadron, 451st Bombardment Group. Documents in the collection include Haggerty's memories of his time with the plane, photocopies of pictures of the plane and the crew as well as an excerpt from a book were Sidney Winski, the first pilot of this aircraft,  recounts the \"Three Feathers\" incident, and finally the transcript of an interview where Haggerty provides a detailed account of his life, his time in training, the \"Three Feathers incident,\" his experiences on service in Italy and the functioning of a B-24.","All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.","FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Haggerty, Albert L., 1920-2010","English"],"unitid_tesim":["00.0224","/repositories/10/resources/318"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1942-1945, Date acquired: 06/15/2000, bulk 1943-1945"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Albert L. Haggerty papers, 1942-1945, Date acquired: 06/15/2000, bulk 1943-1945"],"collection_title_tesim":["Albert L. Haggerty papers, 1942-1945, Date acquired: 06/15/2000, bulk 1943-1945"],"collection_ssim":["Albert L. 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Haggerty was born in Eagle Creek, Alabama on October 6, 1920. Soon after the start of the war,\u0026#xA0; he tried to enlist as a pilot in the U.S. Naval Air Corps, but was rejected because he wore glasses. So he decided to wait until he was drafted in order to serve which occurred on September 10, 1942, and assigned to the U.S. Army Air Corps. Haggerty then attended basic training and instructed in airplane mechanics. He moved through several training camps and military bases in the process, including: Columbia SC, St. Petersburg and Clearwater FL, Gulfport MS, Patterson, NJ, Salt Lake City UT, Dyersburg TN, Wendover UT, Fairmont and Lincoln NE, Memphis TN and finally Morrison Field in West Palm Beach FL. at Dyersburg, Haggerty became acquainted with the mechanics of the B-17's and later the B-24's.\u0026#xA0; Later at Fairmont,\u0026#xA0; he finally would be assigned as crew chief to the B-24 numbered 636, on the 726th Squadron of the 451st Bomb Group.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOne notable incident Haggerty recounts is that, at one point in Fairmont, while the air crew was practicing maneuvers. The 636 was flown twice by a different team who reported excessive oil pressure on the aircraft's four engines, which forced Haggerty to lower it; despite good reports from Sidney Winski, the 636's usual pilot. After the decrease in oil pressure the aircraft experienced failures in a series of flights in which one or more propellers failed. The most severe of these occurred during a flight between West Palm Beach and Trinidad, in which Haggerty was on board. There, the sudden stop of three of the four propellers in midair forced them to make an emergency landing in the isle of Saint Lucia. Haggerty would later blame the failure of the engines on the low oil pressure which he finally fixed once the crew got to Brazil. Because of this incident, the crew renamed their plane \"Three Feathers.\"\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHaggerty continued flying aboard \"Three Feathers\" as it took the Southern route on the way to Europe, making stops at Saint Lucia (forcefully), Trinidad, Belem and Natal in Brazil, Dakar in Senegal, Marrakech in Morocco and Telergma in Algeria until finally reaching Italy by the end of 1943. They remained stationed there until June 1945, first in the air base at Gioia de Colle and later in the one at Castelluccio dei Sauri both in the region of Apulia. Eventually, a new flying crew was assigned to Haggerty and the \"Three Feathers,\" but after a short time, the plane was taken from them, deemed \"war weary\" and later scrapped. He remained at the base performing maintenance on different planes until the surrender of Germany.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBy the time of the surrender of Japan, Haggerty was still in the service, back in the United States. He was discharged on September 12, 1945 having reached the rank of Master Sergeant and having been awarded a Bronze Star. Albert passed away in his home on July 29, 2010 in Tallahassee, Florida.\nNote written by Alberto Miguel P\u0026#xE9;rez-Rueda\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Albert \"Al\" L. Haggerty was born in Eagle Creek, Alabama on October 6, 1920. Soon after the start of the war,  he tried to enlist as a pilot in the U.S. Naval Air Corps, but was rejected because he wore glasses. So he decided to wait until he was drafted in order to serve which occurred on September 10, 1942, and assigned to the U.S. Army Air Corps. Haggerty then attended basic training and instructed in airplane mechanics. He moved through several training camps and military bases in the process, including: Columbia SC, St. Petersburg and Clearwater FL, Gulfport MS, Patterson, NJ, Salt Lake City UT, Dyersburg TN, Wendover UT, Fairmont and Lincoln NE, Memphis TN and finally Morrison Field in West Palm Beach FL. at Dyersburg, Haggerty became acquainted with the mechanics of the B-17's and later the B-24's.  Later at Fairmont,  he finally would be assigned as crew chief to the B-24 numbered 636, on the 726th Squadron of the 451st Bomb Group.\n One notable incident Haggerty recounts is that, at one point in Fairmont, while the air crew was practicing maneuvers. The 636 was flown twice by a different team who reported excessive oil pressure on the aircraft's four engines, which forced Haggerty to lower it; despite good reports from Sidney Winski, the 636's usual pilot. After the decrease in oil pressure the aircraft experienced failures in a series of flights in which one or more propellers failed. The most severe of these occurred during a flight between West Palm Beach and Trinidad, in which Haggerty was on board. There, the sudden stop of three of the four propellers in midair forced them to make an emergency landing in the isle of Saint Lucia. Haggerty would later blame the failure of the engines on the low oil pressure which he finally fixed once the crew got to Brazil. Because of this incident, the crew renamed their plane \"Three Feathers.\"\n Haggerty continued flying aboard \"Three Feathers\" as it took the Southern route on the way to Europe, making stops at Saint Lucia (forcefully), Trinidad, Belem and Natal in Brazil, Dakar in Senegal, Marrakech in Morocco and Telergma in Algeria until finally reaching Italy by the end of 1943. They remained stationed there until June 1945, first in the air base at Gioia de Colle and later in the one at Castelluccio dei Sauri both in the region of Apulia. Eventually, a new flying crew was assigned to Haggerty and the \"Three Feathers,\" but after a short time, the plane was taken from them, deemed \"war weary\" and later scrapped. He remained at the base performing maintenance on different planes until the surrender of Germany.\n By the time of the surrender of Japan, Haggerty was still in the service, back in the United States. He was discharged on September 12, 1945 having reached the rank of Master Sergeant and having been awarded a Bronze Star. Albert passed away in his home on July 29, 2010 in Tallahassee, Florida.\nNote written by Alberto Miguel Pérez-Rueda"],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTransferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives in July 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], Albert L. Haggerty papers, Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_08_0066\"\u003ehttp://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_00_0224\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], Albert L. Haggerty papers, Special Collections \u0026 Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida.  http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_00_0224"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRevised 10/08/2017 by Alberto Miguel P\u0026#xE9;rez-Rueda\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Revised 10/08/2017 by Alberto Miguel Pérez-Rueda"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists on a series of papers focused on Albert \"Al\" Haggerty and the \"Three Feathers\"\u0026#xA0; B-24 Liberator Bomber he was assigned as crew chief during World War II. The \"Three Feathers\" bomber belonging to the 726th Bomber Squadron, 451st Bombardment Group. Documents in the collection include Haggerty's memories of his time with the plane, photocopies of pictures of the plane and the crew as well as an excerpt from a book were Sidney Winski, the first pilot of this aircraft,\u0026#xA0; recounts the \"Three Feathers\" incident, and finally the transcript of an interview where Haggerty provides a detailed account of his life, his time in training, the \"Three Feathers incident,\" his experiences on service in Italy and the functioning of a B-24.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists on a series of papers focused on Albert \"Al\" Haggerty and the \"Three Feathers\"  B-24 Liberator Bomber he was assigned as crew chief during World War II. The \"Three Feathers\" bomber belonging to the 726th Bomber Squadron, 451st Bombardment Group. Documents in the collection include Haggerty's memories of his time with the plane, photocopies of pictures of the plane and the crew as well as an excerpt from a book were Sidney Winski, the first pilot of this aircraft,  recounts the \"Three Feathers\" incident, and finally the transcript of an interview where Haggerty provides a detailed account of his life, his time in training, the \"Three Feathers incident,\" his experiences on service in Italy and the functioning of a B-24."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives. 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Haggerty papers"],"ead_ssi":"e87a3cbd3c539e0a4b1ad6b8","unitdate_ssm":["1942-1945","1943-1945","Date acquired: 06/15/2000"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1943-1945"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1942-1945"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 06/15/2000"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["00.0224","/repositories/10/resources/318"],"text":["00.0224","/repositories/10/resources/318","Albert L. Haggerty papers, 1942-1945, Date acquired: 06/15/2000, bulk 1943-1945","Italy","Airplanes, Military--United States--History","Airplanes--Models","Bombing, Aerial--History--20th century","Airplanes Accidents","Airborne operations (Military science)--History","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Italy","Bronze Star Medal (U.S.)","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Africa, North","World War, 1939-1945--Brazil","United States. -- Air Force. -- Air Force, 20th -- History","Basic training","Military training camps--United StatesMilitary training camps--United States","Airplanes--Maintenance and repair","Airplane mechanics (Persons)","This collection is open to all researchers.","Albert \"Al\" L. Haggerty was born in Eagle Creek, Alabama on October 6, 1920. Soon after the start of the war,  he tried to enlist as a pilot in the U.S. Naval Air Corps, but was rejected because he wore glasses. So he decided to wait until he was drafted in order to serve which occurred on September 10, 1942, and assigned to the U.S. Army Air Corps. Haggerty then attended basic training and instructed in airplane mechanics. He moved through several training camps and military bases in the process, including: Columbia SC, St. Petersburg and Clearwater FL, Gulfport MS, Patterson, NJ, Salt Lake City UT, Dyersburg TN, Wendover UT, Fairmont and Lincoln NE, Memphis TN and finally Morrison Field in West Palm Beach FL. at Dyersburg, Haggerty became acquainted with the mechanics of the B-17's and later the B-24's.  Later at Fairmont,  he finally would be assigned as crew chief to the B-24 numbered 636, on the 726th Squadron of the 451st Bomb Group.\n One notable incident Haggerty recounts is that, at one point in Fairmont, while the air crew was practicing maneuvers. The 636 was flown twice by a different team who reported excessive oil pressure on the aircraft's four engines, which forced Haggerty to lower it; despite good reports from Sidney Winski, the 636's usual pilot. After the decrease in oil pressure the aircraft experienced failures in a series of flights in which one or more propellers failed. The most severe of these occurred during a flight between West Palm Beach and Trinidad, in which Haggerty was on board. There, the sudden stop of three of the four propellers in midair forced them to make an emergency landing in the isle of Saint Lucia. Haggerty would later blame the failure of the engines on the low oil pressure which he finally fixed once the crew got to Brazil. Because of this incident, the crew renamed their plane \"Three Feathers.\"\n Haggerty continued flying aboard \"Three Feathers\" as it took the Southern route on the way to Europe, making stops at Saint Lucia (forcefully), Trinidad, Belem and Natal in Brazil, Dakar in Senegal, Marrakech in Morocco and Telergma in Algeria until finally reaching Italy by the end of 1943. They remained stationed there until June 1945, first in the air base at Gioia de Colle and later in the one at Castelluccio dei Sauri both in the region of Apulia. Eventually, a new flying crew was assigned to Haggerty and the \"Three Feathers,\" but after a short time, the plane was taken from them, deemed \"war weary\" and later scrapped. He remained at the base performing maintenance on different planes until the surrender of Germany.\n By the time of the surrender of Japan, Haggerty was still in the service, back in the United States. He was discharged on September 12, 1945 having reached the rank of Master Sergeant and having been awarded a Bronze Star. Albert passed away in his home on July 29, 2010 in Tallahassee, Florida.\nNote written by Alberto Miguel Pérez-Rueda","Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022.","Revised 10/08/2017 by Alberto Miguel Pérez-Rueda","This collection consists on a series of papers focused on Albert \"Al\" Haggerty and the \"Three Feathers\"  B-24 Liberator Bomber he was assigned as crew chief during World War II. The \"Three Feathers\" bomber belonging to the 726th Bomber Squadron, 451st Bombardment Group. Documents in the collection include Haggerty's memories of his time with the plane, photocopies of pictures of the plane and the crew as well as an excerpt from a book were Sidney Winski, the first pilot of this aircraft,  recounts the \"Three Feathers\" incident, and finally the transcript of an interview where Haggerty provides a detailed account of his life, his time in training, the \"Three Feathers incident,\" his experiences on service in Italy and the functioning of a B-24.","All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. 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Haggerty was born in Eagle Creek, Alabama on October 6, 1920. Soon after the start of the war,\u0026#xA0; he tried to enlist as a pilot in the U.S. Naval Air Corps, but was rejected because he wore glasses. So he decided to wait until he was drafted in order to serve which occurred on September 10, 1942, and assigned to the U.S. Army Air Corps. Haggerty then attended basic training and instructed in airplane mechanics. He moved through several training camps and military bases in the process, including: Columbia SC, St. Petersburg and Clearwater FL, Gulfport MS, Patterson, NJ, Salt Lake City UT, Dyersburg TN, Wendover UT, Fairmont and Lincoln NE, Memphis TN and finally Morrison Field in West Palm Beach FL. at Dyersburg, Haggerty became acquainted with the mechanics of the B-17's and later the B-24's.\u0026#xA0; Later at Fairmont,\u0026#xA0; he finally would be assigned as crew chief to the B-24 numbered 636, on the 726th Squadron of the 451st Bomb Group.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOne notable incident Haggerty recounts is that, at one point in Fairmont, while the air crew was practicing maneuvers. The 636 was flown twice by a different team who reported excessive oil pressure on the aircraft's four engines, which forced Haggerty to lower it; despite good reports from Sidney Winski, the 636's usual pilot. After the decrease in oil pressure the aircraft experienced failures in a series of flights in which one or more propellers failed. The most severe of these occurred during a flight between West Palm Beach and Trinidad, in which Haggerty was on board. There, the sudden stop of three of the four propellers in midair forced them to make an emergency landing in the isle of Saint Lucia. Haggerty would later blame the failure of the engines on the low oil pressure which he finally fixed once the crew got to Brazil. Because of this incident, the crew renamed their plane \"Three Feathers.\"\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHaggerty continued flying aboard \"Three Feathers\" as it took the Southern route on the way to Europe, making stops at Saint Lucia (forcefully), Trinidad, Belem and Natal in Brazil, Dakar in Senegal, Marrakech in Morocco and Telergma in Algeria until finally reaching Italy by the end of 1943. They remained stationed there until June 1945, first in the air base at Gioia de Colle and later in the one at Castelluccio dei Sauri both in the region of Apulia. Eventually, a new flying crew was assigned to Haggerty and the \"Three Feathers,\" but after a short time, the plane was taken from them, deemed \"war weary\" and later scrapped. He remained at the base performing maintenance on different planes until the surrender of Germany.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBy the time of the surrender of Japan, Haggerty was still in the service, back in the United States. He was discharged on September 12, 1945 having reached the rank of Master Sergeant and having been awarded a Bronze Star. Albert passed away in his home on July 29, 2010 in Tallahassee, Florida.\nNote written by Alberto Miguel P\u0026#xE9;rez-Rueda\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Albert \"Al\" L. Haggerty was born in Eagle Creek, Alabama on October 6, 1920. Soon after the start of the war,  he tried to enlist as a pilot in the U.S. Naval Air Corps, but was rejected because he wore glasses. So he decided to wait until he was drafted in order to serve which occurred on September 10, 1942, and assigned to the U.S. Army Air Corps. Haggerty then attended basic training and instructed in airplane mechanics. He moved through several training camps and military bases in the process, including: Columbia SC, St. Petersburg and Clearwater FL, Gulfport MS, Patterson, NJ, Salt Lake City UT, Dyersburg TN, Wendover UT, Fairmont and Lincoln NE, Memphis TN and finally Morrison Field in West Palm Beach FL. at Dyersburg, Haggerty became acquainted with the mechanics of the B-17's and later the B-24's.  Later at Fairmont,  he finally would be assigned as crew chief to the B-24 numbered 636, on the 726th Squadron of the 451st Bomb Group.\n One notable incident Haggerty recounts is that, at one point in Fairmont, while the air crew was practicing maneuvers. The 636 was flown twice by a different team who reported excessive oil pressure on the aircraft's four engines, which forced Haggerty to lower it; despite good reports from Sidney Winski, the 636's usual pilot. After the decrease in oil pressure the aircraft experienced failures in a series of flights in which one or more propellers failed. The most severe of these occurred during a flight between West Palm Beach and Trinidad, in which Haggerty was on board. There, the sudden stop of three of the four propellers in midair forced them to make an emergency landing in the isle of Saint Lucia. Haggerty would later blame the failure of the engines on the low oil pressure which he finally fixed once the crew got to Brazil. Because of this incident, the crew renamed their plane \"Three Feathers.\"\n Haggerty continued flying aboard \"Three Feathers\" as it took the Southern route on the way to Europe, making stops at Saint Lucia (forcefully), Trinidad, Belem and Natal in Brazil, Dakar in Senegal, Marrakech in Morocco and Telergma in Algeria until finally reaching Italy by the end of 1943. They remained stationed there until June 1945, first in the air base at Gioia de Colle and later in the one at Castelluccio dei Sauri both in the region of Apulia. Eventually, a new flying crew was assigned to Haggerty and the \"Three Feathers,\" but after a short time, the plane was taken from them, deemed \"war weary\" and later scrapped. He remained at the base performing maintenance on different planes until the surrender of Germany.\n By the time of the surrender of Japan, Haggerty was still in the service, back in the United States. He was discharged on September 12, 1945 having reached the rank of Master Sergeant and having been awarded a Bronze Star. Albert passed away in his home on July 29, 2010 in Tallahassee, Florida.\nNote written by Alberto Miguel Pérez-Rueda"],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTransferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives in July 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], Albert L. Haggerty papers, Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_08_0066\"\u003ehttp://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_00_0224\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], Albert L. Haggerty papers, Special Collections \u0026 Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida.  http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_00_0224"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRevised 10/08/2017 by Alberto Miguel P\u0026#xE9;rez-Rueda\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Revised 10/08/2017 by Alberto Miguel Pérez-Rueda"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists on a series of papers focused on Albert \"Al\" Haggerty and the \"Three Feathers\"\u0026#xA0; B-24 Liberator Bomber he was assigned as crew chief during World War II. The \"Three Feathers\" bomber belonging to the 726th Bomber Squadron, 451st Bombardment Group. Documents in the collection include Haggerty's memories of his time with the plane, photocopies of pictures of the plane and the crew as well as an excerpt from a book were Sidney Winski, the first pilot of this aircraft,\u0026#xA0; recounts the \"Three Feathers\" incident, and finally the transcript of an interview where Haggerty provides a detailed account of his life, his time in training, the \"Three Feathers incident,\" his experiences on service in Italy and the functioning of a B-24.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists on a series of papers focused on Albert \"Al\" Haggerty and the \"Three Feathers\"  B-24 Liberator Bomber he was assigned as crew chief during World War II. The \"Three Feathers\" bomber belonging to the 726th Bomber Squadron, 451st Bombardment Group. Documents in the collection include Haggerty's memories of his time with the plane, photocopies of pictures of the plane and the crew as well as an excerpt from a book were Sidney Winski, the first pilot of this aircraft,  recounts the \"Three Feathers\" incident, and finally the transcript of an interview where Haggerty provides a detailed account of his life, his time in training, the \"Three Feathers incident,\" his experiences on service in Italy and the functioning of a B-24."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"names_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Haggerty, Albert L., 1920-2010"],"corpname_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"famname_ssim":["Haggerty, Albert L., 1920-2010"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870858662418841600,"_root_":"e87a3cbd3c539e0a4b1ad6b8","timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:17:35.975Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/e87a3cbd3c539e0a4b1ad6b8"}},{"id":"cac0ce26ee9ec51abcec0d1f","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Alfred E. Kozlowski collection, 1945, April 14, 1997, Date accessioned","creator":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/cac0ce26ee9ec51abcec0d1f#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["Kozlowski, Alfred, E., 1922-2009"],"label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/cac0ce26ee9ec51abcec0d1f#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection of Alfred E. Kozlowski contains a photocopy of a brief unit history of the United States Army 473rd Infantry Regiment entitled \"Italy 1945\" and newspaper clippings from the \u003cem\u003eChicago Tribune\u003c/em\u003e on April 14, 1997, regarding the 10th Mountain Division.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/cac0ce26ee9ec51abcec0d1f#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"cac0ce26ee9ec51abcec0d1f","title_filing_ssi":"Kozlowski, Alfred E. collection","title_ssm":["Alfred E. Kozlowski collection"],"title_tesim":["Alfred E. Kozlowski collection"],"ead_ssi":"cac0ce26ee9ec51abcec0d1f","unitdate_ssm":["1945","April 14, 1997","Date accessioned"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1945","April 14, 1997","Date accessioned"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["98.0062","/repositories/10/resources/1786"],"text":["98.0062","/repositories/10/resources/1786","Alfred E. Kozlowski collection, 1945, April 14, 1997, Date accessioned","Montecatini (Italy)","Viareggio (Italy)","Marina di Carrara (Italy)","Sarzana (Italy)","La Spezia (Italy)","Genoa (Italy : Province)","World War, 1939-1945","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Italy","Battle casualties","Medals","This collection is open to all researchers.","Alfred E. Kozlowski was born on May 7th, 1922. Kozlowski served as a combat medic in the 473rd Infantry Regiment and was awarded the Bronze Star. Alfred E. Kozlowski passed away on September 10th, 2009 in Palos Hills, IL at the age of 87. He is buried in the Entombment Holy Cross Cemetery.","Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022.","The collection of Alfred E. Kozlowski contains a photocopy of a brief unit history of the United States Army 473rd Infantry Regiment entitled \"Italy 1945\" and newspaper clippings from the  Chicago Tribune  on April 14, 1997, regarding the 10th Mountain Division.","All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.","FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","United States. Army. Infantry Regiment, 473rd","United States. Army. Mountain Division, 10th","Kozlowski, Alfred, E., 1922-2009","English"],"unitid_tesim":["98.0062","/repositories/10/resources/1786"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1945, April 14, 1997, Date accessioned"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alfred E. Kozlowski collection, 1945, April 14, 1997, Date accessioned"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alfred E. Kozlowski collection, 1945, April 14, 1997, Date accessioned"],"collection_ssim":["Alfred E. Kozlowski collection, 1945, April 14, 1997, Date accessioned"],"repository_ssm":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Montecatini (Italy)","Viareggio (Italy)","Marina di Carrara (Italy)","Sarzana (Italy)","La Spezia (Italy)","Genoa (Italy : Province)"],"geogname_ssim":["Montecatini (Italy)","Viareggio (Italy)","Marina di Carrara (Italy)","Sarzana (Italy)","La Spezia (Italy)","Genoa (Italy : Province)"],"creator_ssm":["Kozlowski, Alfred, E., 1922-2009"],"creator_ssim":["Kozlowski, Alfred, E., 1922-2009"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Kozlowski, Alfred, E., 1922-2009"],"creators_ssim":["Kozlowski, Alfred, E., 1922-2009"],"places_ssim":["Montecatini (Italy)","Viareggio (Italy)","Marina di Carrara (Italy)","Sarzana (Italy)","La Spezia (Italy)","Genoa (Italy : Province)"],"access_terms_ssm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1939-1945","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Italy","Battle casualties","Medals"],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1939-1945","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Italy","Battle casualties","Medals"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 folders 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["1 folders 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Medals"],"date_range_isim":[1945,1997,2020],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to all researchers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to all researchers."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlfred E. Kozlowski was born on May 7th, 1922. Kozlowski served as a combat medic in the 473rd Infantry Regiment and was awarded the Bronze Star. Alfred E. Kozlowski passed away on September 10th, 2009 in Palos Hills, IL at the age of 87. He is buried in the Entombment Holy Cross Cemetery.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Alfred E. Kozlowski was born on May 7th, 1922. Kozlowski served as a combat medic in the 473rd Infantry Regiment and was awarded the Bronze Star. Alfred E. Kozlowski passed away on September 10th, 2009 in Palos Hills, IL at the age of 87. He is buried in the Entombment Holy Cross Cemetery."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTransferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives in July 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], Alfred E. Kozlowski collection, Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. https://purl.lib.fsu.edu/fa/02-98-0062\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], Alfred E. Kozlowski collection, Special Collections \u0026 Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. https://purl.lib.fsu.edu/fa/02-98-0062"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection of Alfred E. Kozlowski contains a photocopy of a brief unit history of the United States Army 473rd Infantry Regiment entitled \"Italy 1945\" and newspaper clippings from the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eChicago Tribune\u003c/emph\u003e on April 14, 1997, regarding the 10th Mountain Division.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection of Alfred E. Kozlowski contains a photocopy of a brief unit history of the United States Army 473rd Infantry Regiment entitled \"Italy 1945\" and newspaper clippings from the  Chicago Tribune  on April 14, 1997, regarding the 10th Mountain Division."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Army. Infantry Regiment, 473rd","United States. Army. Mountain Division, 10th","Kozlowski, Alfred, E., 1922-2009"],"names_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","United States. Army. Infantry Regiment, 473rd","United States. Army. Mountain Division, 10th","Kozlowski, Alfred, E., 1922-2009"],"corpname_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","United States. Army. Infantry Regiment, 473rd","United States. Army. 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Kozlowski contains a photocopy of a brief unit history of the United States Army 473rd Infantry Regiment entitled \"Italy 1945\" and newspaper clippings from the  Chicago Tribune  on April 14, 1997, regarding the 10th Mountain Division.","All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.","FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","United States. Army. Infantry Regiment, 473rd","United States. Army. 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Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1939-1945","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Italy","Battle casualties","Medals"],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1939-1945","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Italy","Battle casualties","Medals"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 folders 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["1 folders 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Medals"],"date_range_isim":[1945,1997,2020],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to all researchers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to all researchers."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlfred E. Kozlowski was born on May 7th, 1922. 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He is buried in the Entombment Holy Cross Cemetery."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTransferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives in July 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], Alfred E. Kozlowski collection, Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. https://purl.lib.fsu.edu/fa/02-98-0062\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], Alfred E. 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He remained with his company through the campaigns in Germany and was discharged in June 1945.\u0026#xA0; Sparkman passed away in Tampa, FL on November 13, 1984.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Bascom Walden Sparkman was born on December 18, 1910, in Florida and was raised in Plant City.  Sparkman married Eleanor Marguerite Murrill on July 25, 1937, in Mulberry, FL.  He was drafted into the U.S. Army at Camp Blanding, FL induction center on June 18, 1941. Sparkman was then sent to Fort Knox, KY for basic training. Assigned to Service Company, 753rd Tank Battalion, he received additional training at Fort Polk, LA and Fort Hood, TX. ","He departed overseas with his company on April 25, 1943.  The company arrived at Arze, Algeria on May 30, 1943.  Assigned to support the 45th Infantry Division, the company then landed on July 23, 1943, at Sicily, Italy.  At the conclusion of the campaign, the 753rd Tank Battalion participated with the landings at Salerno, Italy on September 15, 1943, when it was assigned to the 36th Infantry Division. Sparkman participated with his company in the drive towards Rome and was present during the Cassino battles.  Sparkman also participated in the landings of Southern France during Operation Dragoon in August 1944. He remained with his company through the campaigns in Germany and was discharged in June 1945.  Sparkman passed away in Tampa, FL on November 13, 1984."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection was donated by Susanne Sparkman Newell, daughter of Boscom Walden Sparkman. 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","This collection is in an offsite storage location. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information.","Bascom Walden Sparkman was born on December 18, 1910, in Florida and was raised in Plant City.  Sparkman married Eleanor Marguerite Murrill on July 25, 1937, in Mulberry, FL.  He was drafted into the U.S. Army at Camp Blanding, FL induction center on June 18, 1941. Sparkman was then sent to Fort Knox, KY for basic training. Assigned to Service Company, 753rd Tank Battalion, he received additional training at Fort Polk, LA and Fort Hood, TX. ","He departed overseas with his company on April 25, 1943.  The company arrived at Arze, Algeria on May 30, 1943.  Assigned to support the 45th Infantry Division, the company then landed on July 23, 1943, at Sicily, Italy.  At the conclusion of the campaign, the 753rd Tank Battalion participated with the landings at Salerno, Italy on September 15, 1943, when it was assigned to the 36th Infantry Division. Sparkman participated with his company in the drive towards Rome and was present during the Cassino battles.  Sparkman also participated in the landings of Southern France during Operation Dragoon in August 1944. He remained with his company through the campaigns in Germany and was discharged in June 1945.  Sparkman passed away in Tampa, FL on November 13, 1984.","This collection was donated by Susanne Sparkman Newell, daughter of Boscom Walden Sparkman. 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The 753rd served as a detached unit assigned as armored support for both the 36th and 45th Infantry Divisions.  The collection includes letters sent from Sparkman to his wife Eleanor and his family.  Letters from his family to Sparkman are also included.  Furthermore, the collection includes documents, unit newspapers, diaries, postcards, personal items carried by Sparkman, and artifacts.","All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.","FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Camp Blanding (Fla.)","United States. Army. 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He remained with his company through the campaigns in Germany and was discharged in June 1945.\u0026#xA0; Sparkman passed away in Tampa, FL on November 13, 1984.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Bascom Walden Sparkman was born on December 18, 1910, in Florida and was raised in Plant City.  Sparkman married Eleanor Marguerite Murrill on July 25, 1937, in Mulberry, FL.  He was drafted into the U.S. Army at Camp Blanding, FL induction center on June 18, 1941. Sparkman was then sent to Fort Knox, KY for basic training. Assigned to Service Company, 753rd Tank Battalion, he received additional training at Fort Polk, LA and Fort Hood, TX. ","He departed overseas with his company on April 25, 1943.  The company arrived at Arze, Algeria on May 30, 1943.  Assigned to support the 45th Infantry Division, the company then landed on July 23, 1943, at Sicily, Italy.  At the conclusion of the campaign, the 753rd Tank Battalion participated with the landings at Salerno, Italy on September 15, 1943, when it was assigned to the 36th Infantry Division. Sparkman participated with his company in the drive towards Rome and was present during the Cassino battles.  Sparkman also participated in the landings of Southern France during Operation Dragoon in August 1944. He remained with his company through the campaigns in Germany and was discharged in June 1945.  Sparkman passed away in Tampa, FL on November 13, 1984."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection was donated by Susanne Sparkman Newell, daughter of Boscom Walden Sparkman. 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The 753rd served as a detached unit assigned as armored support for both the 36th and 45th Infantry Divisions.\u0026#xA0; The collection includes letters sent from Sparkman to his wife Eleanor and his family.\u0026#xA0; Letters from his family to Sparkman are also included.\u0026#xA0; Furthermore, the collection includes documents, unit newspapers, diaries, postcards, personal items carried by Sparkman, and artifacts.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection relates to Staff Sergeant Bascom Walden Sparkman who served with Service Company, 753rd Tank Battalion, in North Africa, Sicily, Italy, Southern France, and Germany during World War II. The 753rd served as a detached unit assigned as armored support for both the 36th and 45th Infantry Divisions.  The collection includes letters sent from Sparkman to his wife Eleanor and his family.  Letters from his family to Sparkman are also included.  Furthermore, the collection includes documents, unit newspapers, diaries, postcards, personal items carried by Sparkman, and artifacts."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives. 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Infantry Division, 36th","Sparkman, Bascom Walden"],"corpname_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Camp Blanding (Fla.)","United States. Army. Infantry Division, 36th"],"persname_ssim":["Sparkman, Bascom Walden"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":40,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"89b436484e32f15c778353ed","timestamp":"2026-04-21T07:21:48.458Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/89b436484e32f15c778353ed"}},{"id":"b8cad10d5385ddbfa92836b7","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Bill Huston collection, Date accessioned: 2006-05-04, bulk 1943-1945","creator":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/b8cad10d5385ddbfa92836b7#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["Huston, William W., 1921-"],"label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/b8cad10d5385ddbfa92836b7#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection relates to Sergeant William \"Bill\" W. Huston who served in the 448th Bomber Group, 713th Bomb Squadron US Army Air Force in the European Theater of Operation. This collection also relates to John Robert Huston who served in the U.S. Army in field artillery and gun battery regiments. In addition to the letters, the collection contains a description of Bill Huston, escape from Switzerland, his Air medal citation, a history of the 8th Air Force titled \"Target Germany,\" and a 1942 picture book of Scott Air Field in Illinois, the Huston mother's ration booklet, several photographs of Bill Huston at Scott Field, and a safe-conduct pass issued to Bill Huston by the French Resistance to facilitate his escape.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/b8cad10d5385ddbfa92836b7#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"b8cad10d5385ddbfa92836b7","title_filing_ssi":"Huston, Bill collection","title_ssm":["Bill Huston collection"],"title_tesim":["Bill Huston collection"],"ead_ssi":"b8cad10d5385ddbfa92836b7","unitdate_ssm":["1943-1945","Date accessioned: 2006-05-04"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1943-1945"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date accessioned: 2006-05-04"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["06.0077","/repositories/10/resources/1747"],"text":["06.0077","/repositories/10/resources/1747","Bill Huston collection, Date accessioned: 2006-05-04, bulk 1943-1945","Adelboden (Bern, Switzerland)","Wengen (Switzerland)","Scott Air Force Base (Ill.)","B-17 (Bomber)","World War, 1939-1945--Switzerland","Fort Hood (Tex.)","World War, 1939-1945--England","Christmas.","World War, 1939-1945--Germany","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--France","Radio--Receivers and reception.","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Italy","World War, 1939-1945--Medals--United States","Ration books","This collection is open to all researchers.","Seargeant William W. Huston was born in 1921 and served  in the 448th Bomber Group, 713th Bomber Squadron, US Army Air Force. He served on a B-17 bomber as a radioman during the bomber offensive in Germany from 1943-1944. His plane was shot down and Bill Huston was interned in Switzerland, where he eventually escaped back to American lines. \n \t\nJohn Robert Huston served in the 91st and 93rd Armored Field Artillery Regiments in the United States Army. He was trained in the Tank Destroyer Center in Fort Hood, Texas and later served in the Field Artillery Regiments in Italy, France, and Germany from 1943-1945. He served as a radio man with a gun battery regiment but after suffering a nervous disorder was transferred to a field kitchen.","Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022.","This collection relates to Sergeant William \"Bill\" W. Huston who served in the 448th Bomber Group, 713th Bomb Squadron US Army Air Force in the European Theater of Operation. This collection also relates to John Robert Huston who served in the U.S. Army in field artillery and gun battery regiments. In addition to the letters, the collection contains a description of Bill Huston, escape from Switzerland, his Air medal citation, a history of the 8th Air Force titled \"Target Germany,\" and a 1942 picture book of Scott Air Field in Illinois, the Huston mother's ration booklet, several photographs of Bill Huston at Scott Field, and a safe-conduct pass issued to Bill Huston by the French Resistance to facilitate his escape.","All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. 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Huston was born in 1921 and served  in the 448th Bomber Group, 713th Bomber Squadron, US Army Air Force. He served on a B-17 bomber as a radioman during the bomber offensive in Germany from 1943-1944. His plane was shot down and Bill Huston was interned in Switzerland, where he eventually escaped back to American lines. \n \t\nJohn Robert Huston served in the 91st and 93rd Armored Field Artillery Regiments in the United States Army. He was trained in the Tank Destroyer Center in Fort Hood, Texas and later served in the Field Artillery Regiments in Italy, France, and Germany from 1943-1945. He served as a radio man with a gun battery regiment but after suffering a nervous disorder was transferred to a field kitchen.","Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022.","This collection relates to Sergeant William \"Bill\" W. 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The collection contains original letters written by Gantt to family, transcripts of his letters, a manuscript memoir, photographs, and military personnel records.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/581b68cf3773dde5205f5c92#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"581b68cf3773dde5205f5c92","title_filing_ssi":"Gantt, Charles Jackson papers","title_ssm":["Charles Jackson Gantt papers"],"title_tesim":["Charles Jackson Gantt papers"],"ead_ssi":"581b68cf3773dde5205f5c92","unitdate_ssm":["1942-1945","Date accessioned: 2019-09-16"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1942-1945"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date accessioned: 2019-09-16"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["19.0019","/repositories/10/resources/1482"],"text":["19.0019","/repositories/10/resources/1482","Charles Jackson Gantt papers, 1942-1945, Date accessioned: 2019-09-16","Keesler Field (Miss.)","Chanute Field (Ill.)","Jefferson Barracks (Saint Louis, Mo.)","Corsica (France)","Corsica (France : Region)","Camp Blanding (Fla.)","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Africa, North","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Italy","Weather forecasting--History","War -- Forecasting","World War, 1939-1945--Food supply","Meteorology--History","Military meteorology--United States","Prisoners of war--Italy","This collection is open to all researchers.","Charles Jackson Gantt was born on April 13, 1911 in St. Louis, MO. In 1920 he moved with his family to Sanford, FL where his father worked for the railroad industry. Gantt graduated from Sanford High School in 1929. Before entering the University of Florida on a State Teachers' Scholarship, he worked on cargo vessels for several years to earn funds for college.  He subsequently graduated with a B.A. and M.A. in Education in 1934. He found a teaching position in Hudson, NY where he met Alice E. Tindell and married her in April 1941. Gantt was drafted and entered service at Camp Blanding, FL Reception Center on April 3, 1942.  Gantt tested well enough on his ability evaluations to qualify for Weather Forecaster with the U.S. Army Air Corps.  He arrived at Keesler Field, MS on May 2, 1942 to begin training in weather forecasting. Upon completion of training, Gantt was transferred to Ft. Dix, NJ by way of Jefferson Barracks, St. Louis, MO whereby he transferred overseas to England.  In England, Gantt received additional training at Wycombe Abbey, High Wycombe approximately 30 miles west of London. Upon completion of additional training, he was transferred to Algeria as part of the 12th Weather Squadron supporting the 12th Air Force in North Africa. On July 13, 1943, Gantt arrived at Chanute Field, IL for advanced weather training.  He returned to the 12th Weather Squadron at the Corsica, Italy station on June 25, 1944.  In March 1945, he was transferred to Tarquinia and then Marcianise, Italy where he remained until returning to the U.S. for discharge on August 31, 1945.  \nAfter the war, Gantt taught math at Boone High School in Orlando, FL until retiring. He passed away on November 17, 1993 and is buried in Woodlawn Memorial Park, Gotha, FL with his wife Alice.","Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022.","This collection relates to Technical Sergeant Charles Jackson Gantt who served in the U.S. Army Air Corps as a Weather Forecaster with the 12th Weather Squadron during the North African Campaign and Italian Campaign during World War II. The collection contains original letters written by Gantt to family, transcripts of his letters, a manuscript memoir, photographs, and military personnel records.","All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. 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