{"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Printed+materials\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1890","last":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Printed+materials\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1890\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":3,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"00d15e0909eb5ffaf32a684f","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Eartha M. M. White Papers, 1831-1974","creator":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/00d15e0909eb5ffaf32a684f#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["White, Eartha M. 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Use of reproductions of copyrighted works in excess of \"fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement and be subject to the civil and criminal penalties of federal law. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for further information","UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives","Clara White Mission.","Eartha M. M. White Nursing Home.","White, Eartha M. M., 1876-1974","English"],"unitid_tesim":["1975.001","/repositories/3/resources/41"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1831-1974"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Eartha M. M. White Papers, 1831-1974"],"collection_title_tesim":["Eartha M. M. White Papers, 1831-1974"],"collection_ssim":["Eartha M. M. 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Phillip Randolph, and Simuel Decatur McGill; Historic Jacksonville business, charitable, and religious organizations including Afro-American Life Insurance Company, Bethel Baptist Institutional Church, Clara White Mission, Community Chest Association, and Jacksonville Negro Welfare League; Florida social and educational organizations including Florida State Federation of Colored Women's Clubs, Florida Baptist Academy / Florida Normal and Industrial Institute.\nThe bulk of the collection are photographs depicting friends, relatives and events from her long life. Sizes of the photographs vary, ranging from 5x7 to 12x16 inches. A significant amount of her business and personal correspondence is also included. An extensive subject index is available for use with the collection.\nThe collection also contains 156 black and white photographs of southern African American religious and labor groups, circa 1946-1949, by photographer R. Lee Thomas of Mound Bayou, Mississippi. His imprint contains the caption: Made by R. Lee Thomas, Mound Bayou, Mississippi, The Oldest Negro Town in America. Mr. Thomas was an African American photographer active in the early twentieth century in the southern United States, whose work provides photographic documentation of southern black social life during that time period. The majority of the photographs depict groups from Birmingham, Alabama, and adjacent areas.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of more than 1,000 items, primarily twentieth century material relating to Jacksonville, Florida. Includes letters, documents, and notes relating to the personal, political, and business activities of Eartha M. M. White. Some subject files include publications, reports, programs, photographs, and memorabilia. Of particular interest are materials pertaining to: Prominent African American leaders, e.g., James Weldon Johnson, A. 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Phillip Randolph, and Simuel Decatur McGill; Historic Jacksonville business, charitable, and religious organizations including Afro-American Life Insurance Company, Bethel Baptist Institutional Church, Clara White Mission, Community Chest Association, and Jacksonville Negro Welfare League; Florida social and educational organizations including Florida State Federation of Colored Women's Clubs, Florida Baptist Academy / Florida Normal and Industrial Institute.\nThe bulk of the collection are photographs depicting friends, relatives and events from her long life. Sizes of the photographs vary, ranging from 5x7 to 12x16 inches. A significant amount of her business and personal correspondence is also included. An extensive subject index is available for use with the collection.\nThe collection also contains 156 black and white photographs of southern African American religious and labor groups, circa 1946-1949, by photographer R. Lee Thomas of Mound Bayou, Mississippi. His imprint contains the caption: Made by R. Lee Thomas, Mound Bayou, Mississippi, The Oldest Negro Town in America. Mr. Thomas was an African American photographer active in the early twentieth century in the southern United States, whose work provides photographic documentation of southern black social life during that time period. The majority of the photographs depict groups from Birmingham, Alabama, and adjacent areas.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of more than 1,000 items, primarily twentieth century material relating to Jacksonville, Florida. Includes letters, documents, and notes relating to the personal, political, and business activities of Eartha M. M. White. Some subject files include publications, reports, programs, photographs, and memorabilia. Of particular interest are materials pertaining to: Prominent African American leaders, e.g., James Weldon Johnson, A. Phillip Randolph, and Simuel Decatur McGill; Historic Jacksonville business, charitable, and religious organizations including Afro-American Life Insurance Company, Bethel Baptist Institutional Church, Clara White Mission, Community Chest Association, and Jacksonville Negro Welfare League; Florida social and educational organizations including Florida State Federation of Colored Women's Clubs, Florida Baptist Academy / Florida Normal and Industrial Institute.\nThe bulk of the collection are photographs depicting friends, relatives and events from her long life. Sizes of the photographs vary, ranging from 5x7 to 12x16 inches. A significant amount of her business and personal correspondence is also included. An extensive subject index is available for use with the collection.\nThe collection also contains 156 black and white photographs of southern African American religious and labor groups, circa 1946-1949, by photographer R. Lee Thomas of Mound Bayou, Mississippi. His imprint contains the caption: Made by R. Lee Thomas, Mound Bayou, Mississippi, The Oldest Negro Town in America. Mr. Thomas was an African American photographer active in the early twentieth century in the southern United States, whose work provides photographic documentation of southern black social life during that time period. The majority of the photographs depict groups from Birmingham, Alabama, and adjacent areas."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in the collection may be subject to copyright and are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accordance with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). Use of reproductions of copyrighted works in excess of \"fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement and be subject to the civil and criminal penalties of federal law. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for further information\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials in the collection may be subject to copyright and are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accordance with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). Use of reproductions of copyrighted works in excess of \"fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement and be subject to the civil and criminal penalties of federal law. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for further information"],"names_coll_ssim":["Clara White Mission.","Eartha M. M. White Nursing Home.","White, Eartha M. M., 1876-1974"],"names_ssim":["UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives","Clara White Mission.","Eartha M. M. White Nursing Home.","White, Eartha M. M., 1876-1974"],"corpname_ssim":["UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives","Clara White Mission.","Eartha M. M. White Nursing Home."],"persname_ssim":["White, Eartha M. M., 1876-1974"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"00d15e0909eb5ffaf32a684f","timestamp":"2026-04-25T03:06:30.381Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/00d15e0909eb5ffaf32a684f"}},{"id":"aefc836666e464e90df34753","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Fleming Family Papers, 1879-1930","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/aefc836666e464e90df34753#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of the personal correspondence of Fleming Family members and other correspondents circa 1879-1930. \u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/aefc836666e464e90df34753#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"aefc836666e464e90df34753","title_ssm":["Fleming Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Fleming Family Papers"],"ead_ssi":"aefc836666e464e90df34753","unitdate_ssm":["1879-1930"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1879-1930"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["2002.003","/repositories/3/resources/40"],"text":["2002.003","/repositories/3/resources/40","Fleming Family Papers, 1879-1930","Jacksonville (Fla.)--Social life and customs--20th century.","United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865.","Fleming, Charles Seton, 1875-1937 -- Correspondence","Governors--Florida--Correspondence.","Landowners--Florida--History--19th century.","Plantations--Florida--Saint Augustine.","Fleming, Francis P. (Francis Philip), 1841-1908 -- Correspondence","Fleming, Elizabeth Legere, 1881-1941 -- Correspondence","Fleming, Francis P. (Francis Philip), Mrs., 1843-1932 -- Correspondence","Hamilton, Frank Percival, 1881-1943 -- Correspondence","Printed materials","The collection is open for research by appointment only. Please contact lib-special@unf.edu to schedule an appointment.","The Fleming family were early Northeast Florida settlers. George Fleming came to Florida, via Charleston, South Carolina, from Ireland ca. 1785 and became a large landowner after receiving a number of grants of land from the Spanish government. ","In 1791, he married Sophia Fatio, daughter of a St. Johns River planter, Francis Fatio. The Fleming family grew to one daughter, Mary, and two sons, Lewis and George, Jr. They resided in St. Augustine and at their St. Johns River plantation, Hibernia, on Fleming Island.","Francis Philip Fleming, son of Lewis and his second wife Margaret Seton, was born in 1841 in Panama Park, Duval County. In 1861, he joined the Second Florida infantry and served in the Civil War armies of Gens. Magruder, Johnston, Hood, and Lee. After the war, he studied law, was admitted to the Florida Bar in 1868, and became a partner in the Jacksonville law firm, Fleming and Daniel (later Fleming and Fleming)","In 1871, Francis Fleming married Floride Lydia Pearson, daughter of Bird M. Pearson, justice of the Florida Supreme Court. They had two sons, Francis P. Jr. and Charles Seton Fleming, and one daughter, Elizabeth.","With law and politics as his primary interests, Fleming became a noted civic leader in Jacksonville, with increasing activities in state politics as a member of the Democratic executive committee. In 1888, after an arduous gubernatorial campaign during the Yellow Fever epidemic, he defeated the Republican candidate V. J. Shipman. Fleming served as Governor of Florida from 1889 until 1893, the single term then allowed by law.","Notable issues and developments during his gubernatorial tenure included the creation of a State Board of Health in 1889, the repeal of the Florida Railroad Commission, attempts at higher education reorganization, adjustment of state revenues, the Farmers' Alliance movement, and the 1891 re-election controversy regarding U.S. Senator Wilkinson Call.","After retiring from politics in 1893, Fleming continued to practice law in Jacksonville and developed a strong interest in Floridiana and local history. He edited a two volume work by Rowland Rerick, Memoirs of Florida, helped to incorporate the Florida Historical Society in 1905, contributed several articles to the Society's Quarterly, and became the Society's President in 1907.","After a long illness, Francis Philip Fleming died on December 20, 1908.","After their father's death, his sons, Francis P. Jr. and Charles Seton, continued the family's law practice. ","Charles and Elizabeth Fleming also became active in the Florida Historical Society. Charles Fleming contributed articles and served as the Society's Director and Vice-President in 1924-25.","The collection consists of the personal correspondence of Fleming Family members and other correspondents circa 1879-1930. ","Most of the letters are incoming correspondence from relatives and friends to the Francis Philip Fleming family members. The core of the collection are condolence letters sent to Mrs. Francis P. Fleming, wife of the Governor, after his death on December 20, 1908.","There are only two letters in the collection from the Governor, sent to his vacationing wife in 1881. These letters are included in Mrs. Fleming's correspondence. Other Fleming family members represented in the collection are daughter Elizabeth, son Seton, and son-in-law Frank P. Hamilton.","One letter written by Frank Hamilton in 1908 is of special interest for it's glimpse of life in Jacksonville in the early twentieth century. As a newcomer to Florida and recently hired associate of the Fleming law firm, Hamilton relates his personal observations of the Fleming Family and eyewitness accounts of the bustling activity and renewed vitality of the city, only seven years after the Great Jacksonville Fire of 1901. Hamilton later married Elizabeth Fleming, daughter of the Governor.","All items are originals. Most letters are legible, with the letters from the late 1800's partially fading. Typed transcriptions of selected letters available.","Materials in the collection may be subject to copyright and are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accordance with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). Use of reproductions of copyrighted works in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement and be subject to the civil and criminal penalties of federal law. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for further information","UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives","Fleming and Daniel (Firm)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["2002.003","/repositories/3/resources/40"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1879-1930"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Fleming Family Papers, 1879-1930"],"collection_title_tesim":["Fleming Family Papers, 1879-1930"],"collection_ssim":["Fleming Family Papers, 1879-1930"],"repository_ssm":["UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives"],"repository_ssim":["UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Jacksonville (Fla.)--Social life and customs--20th century.","United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865."],"geogname_ssim":["Jacksonville (Fla.)--Social life and customs--20th century.","United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865."],"places_ssim":["Jacksonville (Fla.)--Social life and customs--20th century.","United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865."],"access_terms_ssm":["Materials in the collection may be subject to copyright and are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accordance with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). Use of reproductions of copyrighted works in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement and be subject to the civil and criminal penalties of federal law. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for further information"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The materials were acquired by UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives in 2002"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Fleming, Charles Seton, 1875-1937 -- Correspondence","Governors--Florida--Correspondence.","Landowners--Florida--History--19th century.","Plantations--Florida--Saint Augustine.","Fleming, Francis P. (Francis Philip), 1841-1908 -- Correspondence","Fleming, Elizabeth Legere, 1881-1941 -- Correspondence","Fleming, Francis P. (Francis Philip), Mrs., 1843-1932 -- Correspondence","Hamilton, Frank Percival, 1881-1943 -- Correspondence","Printed materials"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Fleming, Charles Seton, 1875-1937 -- Correspondence","Governors--Florida--Correspondence.","Landowners--Florida--History--19th century.","Plantations--Florida--Saint Augustine.","Fleming, Francis P. (Francis Philip), 1841-1908 -- Correspondence","Fleming, Elizabeth Legere, 1881-1941 -- Correspondence","Fleming, Francis P. (Francis Philip), Mrs., 1843-1932 -- Correspondence","Hamilton, Frank Percival, 1881-1943 -- Correspondence","Printed materials"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.00 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["1.00 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Printed materials"],"date_range_isim":[1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research by appointment only. Please contact lib-special@unf.edu to schedule an appointment.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research by appointment only. Please contact lib-special@unf.edu to schedule an appointment."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Fleming family were early Northeast Florida settlers. George Fleming came to Florida, via Charleston, South Carolina, from Ireland ca. 1785 and became a large landowner after receiving a number of grants of land from the Spanish government. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1791, he married Sophia Fatio, daughter of a St. Johns River planter, Francis Fatio. The Fleming family grew to one daughter, Mary, and two sons, Lewis and George, Jr. They resided in St. Augustine and at their St. Johns River plantation, Hibernia, on Fleming Island.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrancis Philip Fleming, son of Lewis and his second wife Margaret Seton, was born in 1841 in Panama Park, Duval County. In 1861, he joined the Second Florida infantry and served in the Civil War armies of Gens. Magruder, Johnston, Hood, and Lee. After the war, he studied law, was admitted to the Florida Bar in 1868, and became a partner in the Jacksonville law firm, Fleming and Daniel (later Fleming and Fleming)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1871, Francis Fleming married Floride Lydia Pearson, daughter of Bird M. Pearson, justice of the Florida Supreme Court. They had two sons, Francis P. Jr. and Charles Seton Fleming, and one daughter, Elizabeth.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWith law and politics as his primary interests, Fleming became a noted civic leader in Jacksonville, with increasing activities in state politics as a member of the Democratic executive committee. In 1888, after an arduous gubernatorial campaign during the Yellow Fever epidemic, he defeated the Republican candidate V. J. Shipman. Fleming served as Governor of Florida from 1889 until 1893, the single term then allowed by law.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNotable issues and developments during his gubernatorial tenure included the creation of a State Board of Health in 1889, the repeal of the Florida Railroad Commission, attempts at higher education reorganization, adjustment of state revenues, the Farmers' Alliance movement, and the 1891 re-election controversy regarding U.S. Senator Wilkinson Call.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter retiring from politics in 1893, Fleming continued to practice law in Jacksonville and developed a strong interest in Floridiana and local history. He edited a two volume work by Rowland Rerick, Memoirs of Florida, helped to incorporate the Florida Historical Society in 1905, contributed several articles to the Society's Quarterly, and became the Society's President in 1907.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter a long illness, Francis Philip Fleming died on December 20, 1908.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter their father's death, his sons, Francis P. Jr. and Charles Seton, continued the family's law practice. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCharles and Elizabeth Fleming also became active in the Florida Historical Society. Charles Fleming contributed articles and served as the Society's Director and Vice-President in 1924-25.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Fleming family were early Northeast Florida settlers. George Fleming came to Florida, via Charleston, South Carolina, from Ireland ca. 1785 and became a large landowner after receiving a number of grants of land from the Spanish government. ","In 1791, he married Sophia Fatio, daughter of a St. Johns River planter, Francis Fatio. The Fleming family grew to one daughter, Mary, and two sons, Lewis and George, Jr. They resided in St. Augustine and at their St. Johns River plantation, Hibernia, on Fleming Island.","Francis Philip Fleming, son of Lewis and his second wife Margaret Seton, was born in 1841 in Panama Park, Duval County. In 1861, he joined the Second Florida infantry and served in the Civil War armies of Gens. Magruder, Johnston, Hood, and Lee. After the war, he studied law, was admitted to the Florida Bar in 1868, and became a partner in the Jacksonville law firm, Fleming and Daniel (later Fleming and Fleming)","In 1871, Francis Fleming married Floride Lydia Pearson, daughter of Bird M. Pearson, justice of the Florida Supreme Court. They had two sons, Francis P. Jr. and Charles Seton Fleming, and one daughter, Elizabeth.","With law and politics as his primary interests, Fleming became a noted civic leader in Jacksonville, with increasing activities in state politics as a member of the Democratic executive committee. In 1888, after an arduous gubernatorial campaign during the Yellow Fever epidemic, he defeated the Republican candidate V. J. Shipman. Fleming served as Governor of Florida from 1889 until 1893, the single term then allowed by law.","Notable issues and developments during his gubernatorial tenure included the creation of a State Board of Health in 1889, the repeal of the Florida Railroad Commission, attempts at higher education reorganization, adjustment of state revenues, the Farmers' Alliance movement, and the 1891 re-election controversy regarding U.S. Senator Wilkinson Call.","After retiring from politics in 1893, Fleming continued to practice law in Jacksonville and developed a strong interest in Floridiana and local history. He edited a two volume work by Rowland Rerick, Memoirs of Florida, helped to incorporate the Florida Historical Society in 1905, contributed several articles to the Society's Quarterly, and became the Society's President in 1907.","After a long illness, Francis Philip Fleming died on December 20, 1908.","After their father's death, his sons, Francis P. Jr. and Charles Seton, continued the family's law practice. ","Charles and Elizabeth Fleming also became active in the Florida Historical Society. Charles Fleming contributed articles and served as the Society's Director and Vice-President in 1924-25."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFleming Family Papers, Thomas G. Carpenter Library, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Fleming Family Papers, Thomas G. Carpenter Library, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of the personal correspondence of Fleming Family members and other correspondents circa 1879-1930. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMost of the letters are incoming correspondence from relatives and friends to the Francis Philip Fleming family members. The core of the collection are condolence letters sent to Mrs. Francis P. Fleming, wife of the Governor, after his death on December 20, 1908.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere are only two letters in the collection from the Governor, sent to his vacationing wife in 1881. These letters are included in Mrs. Fleming's correspondence. Other Fleming family members represented in the collection are daughter Elizabeth, son Seton, and son-in-law Frank P. Hamilton.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOne letter written by Frank Hamilton in 1908 is of special interest for it's glimpse of life in Jacksonville in the early twentieth century. As a newcomer to Florida and recently hired associate of the Fleming law firm, Hamilton relates his personal observations of the Fleming Family and eyewitness accounts of the bustling activity and renewed vitality of the city, only seven years after the Great Jacksonville Fire of 1901. Hamilton later married Elizabeth Fleming, daughter of the Governor.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAll items are originals. Most letters are legible, with the letters from the late 1800's partially fading. Typed transcriptions of selected letters available.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of the personal correspondence of Fleming Family members and other correspondents circa 1879-1930. ","Most of the letters are incoming correspondence from relatives and friends to the Francis Philip Fleming family members. The core of the collection are condolence letters sent to Mrs. Francis P. Fleming, wife of the Governor, after his death on December 20, 1908.","There are only two letters in the collection from the Governor, sent to his vacationing wife in 1881. These letters are included in Mrs. Fleming's correspondence. Other Fleming family members represented in the collection are daughter Elizabeth, son Seton, and son-in-law Frank P. Hamilton.","One letter written by Frank Hamilton in 1908 is of special interest for it's glimpse of life in Jacksonville in the early twentieth century. As a newcomer to Florida and recently hired associate of the Fleming law firm, Hamilton relates his personal observations of the Fleming Family and eyewitness accounts of the bustling activity and renewed vitality of the city, only seven years after the Great Jacksonville Fire of 1901. Hamilton later married Elizabeth Fleming, daughter of the Governor.","All items are originals. Most letters are legible, with the letters from the late 1800's partially fading. Typed transcriptions of selected letters available."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in the collection may be subject to copyright and are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accordance with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). Use of reproductions of copyrighted works in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement and be subject to the civil and criminal penalties of federal law. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for further information\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials in the collection may be subject to copyright and are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accordance with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). Use of reproductions of copyrighted works in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement and be subject to the civil and criminal penalties of federal law. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for further information"],"names_coll_ssim":["Fleming and Daniel (Firm)"],"names_ssim":["UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives","Fleming and Daniel (Firm)"],"corpname_ssim":["UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives","Fleming and Daniel (Firm)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":49,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870860528021143552,"_root_":"aefc836666e464e90df34753","timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:47:15.151Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"aefc836666e464e90df34753","title_ssm":["Fleming Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Fleming Family Papers"],"ead_ssi":"aefc836666e464e90df34753","unitdate_ssm":["1879-1930"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1879-1930"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["2002.003","/repositories/3/resources/40"],"text":["2002.003","/repositories/3/resources/40","Fleming Family Papers, 1879-1930","Jacksonville (Fla.)--Social life and customs--20th century.","United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865.","Fleming, Charles Seton, 1875-1937 -- Correspondence","Governors--Florida--Correspondence.","Landowners--Florida--History--19th century.","Plantations--Florida--Saint Augustine.","Fleming, Francis P. (Francis Philip), 1841-1908 -- Correspondence","Fleming, Elizabeth Legere, 1881-1941 -- Correspondence","Fleming, Francis P. (Francis Philip), Mrs., 1843-1932 -- Correspondence","Hamilton, Frank Percival, 1881-1943 -- Correspondence","Printed materials","The collection is open for research by appointment only. Please contact lib-special@unf.edu to schedule an appointment.","The Fleming family were early Northeast Florida settlers. George Fleming came to Florida, via Charleston, South Carolina, from Ireland ca. 1785 and became a large landowner after receiving a number of grants of land from the Spanish government. ","In 1791, he married Sophia Fatio, daughter of a St. Johns River planter, Francis Fatio. The Fleming family grew to one daughter, Mary, and two sons, Lewis and George, Jr. They resided in St. Augustine and at their St. Johns River plantation, Hibernia, on Fleming Island.","Francis Philip Fleming, son of Lewis and his second wife Margaret Seton, was born in 1841 in Panama Park, Duval County. In 1861, he joined the Second Florida infantry and served in the Civil War armies of Gens. Magruder, Johnston, Hood, and Lee. After the war, he studied law, was admitted to the Florida Bar in 1868, and became a partner in the Jacksonville law firm, Fleming and Daniel (later Fleming and Fleming)","In 1871, Francis Fleming married Floride Lydia Pearson, daughter of Bird M. Pearson, justice of the Florida Supreme Court. They had two sons, Francis P. Jr. and Charles Seton Fleming, and one daughter, Elizabeth.","With law and politics as his primary interests, Fleming became a noted civic leader in Jacksonville, with increasing activities in state politics as a member of the Democratic executive committee. In 1888, after an arduous gubernatorial campaign during the Yellow Fever epidemic, he defeated the Republican candidate V. J. Shipman. Fleming served as Governor of Florida from 1889 until 1893, the single term then allowed by law.","Notable issues and developments during his gubernatorial tenure included the creation of a State Board of Health in 1889, the repeal of the Florida Railroad Commission, attempts at higher education reorganization, adjustment of state revenues, the Farmers' Alliance movement, and the 1891 re-election controversy regarding U.S. Senator Wilkinson Call.","After retiring from politics in 1893, Fleming continued to practice law in Jacksonville and developed a strong interest in Floridiana and local history. He edited a two volume work by Rowland Rerick, Memoirs of Florida, helped to incorporate the Florida Historical Society in 1905, contributed several articles to the Society's Quarterly, and became the Society's President in 1907.","After a long illness, Francis Philip Fleming died on December 20, 1908.","After their father's death, his sons, Francis P. Jr. and Charles Seton, continued the family's law practice. ","Charles and Elizabeth Fleming also became active in the Florida Historical Society. Charles Fleming contributed articles and served as the Society's Director and Vice-President in 1924-25.","The collection consists of the personal correspondence of Fleming Family members and other correspondents circa 1879-1930. ","Most of the letters are incoming correspondence from relatives and friends to the Francis Philip Fleming family members. The core of the collection are condolence letters sent to Mrs. Francis P. Fleming, wife of the Governor, after his death on December 20, 1908.","There are only two letters in the collection from the Governor, sent to his vacationing wife in 1881. These letters are included in Mrs. Fleming's correspondence. Other Fleming family members represented in the collection are daughter Elizabeth, son Seton, and son-in-law Frank P. Hamilton.","One letter written by Frank Hamilton in 1908 is of special interest for it's glimpse of life in Jacksonville in the early twentieth century. As a newcomer to Florida and recently hired associate of the Fleming law firm, Hamilton relates his personal observations of the Fleming Family and eyewitness accounts of the bustling activity and renewed vitality of the city, only seven years after the Great Jacksonville Fire of 1901. Hamilton later married Elizabeth Fleming, daughter of the Governor.","All items are originals. Most letters are legible, with the letters from the late 1800's partially fading. Typed transcriptions of selected letters available.","Materials in the collection may be subject to copyright and are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accordance with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). Use of reproductions of copyrighted works in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement and be subject to the civil and criminal penalties of federal law. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for further information","UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives","Fleming and Daniel (Firm)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["2002.003","/repositories/3/resources/40"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1879-1930"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Fleming Family Papers, 1879-1930"],"collection_title_tesim":["Fleming Family Papers, 1879-1930"],"collection_ssim":["Fleming Family Papers, 1879-1930"],"repository_ssm":["UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives"],"repository_ssim":["UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Jacksonville (Fla.)--Social life and customs--20th century.","United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865."],"geogname_ssim":["Jacksonville (Fla.)--Social life and customs--20th century.","United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865."],"places_ssim":["Jacksonville (Fla.)--Social life and customs--20th century.","United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865."],"access_terms_ssm":["Materials in the collection may be subject to copyright and are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accordance with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). Use of reproductions of copyrighted works in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement and be subject to the civil and criminal penalties of federal law. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for further information"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The materials were acquired by UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives in 2002"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Fleming, Charles Seton, 1875-1937 -- Correspondence","Governors--Florida--Correspondence.","Landowners--Florida--History--19th century.","Plantations--Florida--Saint Augustine.","Fleming, Francis P. (Francis Philip), 1841-1908 -- Correspondence","Fleming, Elizabeth Legere, 1881-1941 -- Correspondence","Fleming, Francis P. (Francis Philip), Mrs., 1843-1932 -- Correspondence","Hamilton, Frank Percival, 1881-1943 -- Correspondence","Printed materials"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Fleming, Charles Seton, 1875-1937 -- Correspondence","Governors--Florida--Correspondence.","Landowners--Florida--History--19th century.","Plantations--Florida--Saint Augustine.","Fleming, Francis P. (Francis Philip), 1841-1908 -- Correspondence","Fleming, Elizabeth Legere, 1881-1941 -- Correspondence","Fleming, Francis P. (Francis Philip), Mrs., 1843-1932 -- Correspondence","Hamilton, Frank Percival, 1881-1943 -- Correspondence","Printed materials"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.00 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["1.00 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Printed materials"],"date_range_isim":[1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research by appointment only. Please contact lib-special@unf.edu to schedule an appointment.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research by appointment only. Please contact lib-special@unf.edu to schedule an appointment."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Fleming family were early Northeast Florida settlers. George Fleming came to Florida, via Charleston, South Carolina, from Ireland ca. 1785 and became a large landowner after receiving a number of grants of land from the Spanish government. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1791, he married Sophia Fatio, daughter of a St. Johns River planter, Francis Fatio. The Fleming family grew to one daughter, Mary, and two sons, Lewis and George, Jr. They resided in St. Augustine and at their St. Johns River plantation, Hibernia, on Fleming Island.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrancis Philip Fleming, son of Lewis and his second wife Margaret Seton, was born in 1841 in Panama Park, Duval County. In 1861, he joined the Second Florida infantry and served in the Civil War armies of Gens. Magruder, Johnston, Hood, and Lee. After the war, he studied law, was admitted to the Florida Bar in 1868, and became a partner in the Jacksonville law firm, Fleming and Daniel (later Fleming and Fleming)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1871, Francis Fleming married Floride Lydia Pearson, daughter of Bird M. Pearson, justice of the Florida Supreme Court. They had two sons, Francis P. Jr. and Charles Seton Fleming, and one daughter, Elizabeth.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWith law and politics as his primary interests, Fleming became a noted civic leader in Jacksonville, with increasing activities in state politics as a member of the Democratic executive committee. In 1888, after an arduous gubernatorial campaign during the Yellow Fever epidemic, he defeated the Republican candidate V. J. Shipman. Fleming served as Governor of Florida from 1889 until 1893, the single term then allowed by law.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNotable issues and developments during his gubernatorial tenure included the creation of a State Board of Health in 1889, the repeal of the Florida Railroad Commission, attempts at higher education reorganization, adjustment of state revenues, the Farmers' Alliance movement, and the 1891 re-election controversy regarding U.S. Senator Wilkinson Call.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter retiring from politics in 1893, Fleming continued to practice law in Jacksonville and developed a strong interest in Floridiana and local history. He edited a two volume work by Rowland Rerick, Memoirs of Florida, helped to incorporate the Florida Historical Society in 1905, contributed several articles to the Society's Quarterly, and became the Society's President in 1907.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter a long illness, Francis Philip Fleming died on December 20, 1908.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter their father's death, his sons, Francis P. Jr. and Charles Seton, continued the family's law practice. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCharles and Elizabeth Fleming also became active in the Florida Historical Society. Charles Fleming contributed articles and served as the Society's Director and Vice-President in 1924-25.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Fleming family were early Northeast Florida settlers. George Fleming came to Florida, via Charleston, South Carolina, from Ireland ca. 1785 and became a large landowner after receiving a number of grants of land from the Spanish government. ","In 1791, he married Sophia Fatio, daughter of a St. Johns River planter, Francis Fatio. The Fleming family grew to one daughter, Mary, and two sons, Lewis and George, Jr. They resided in St. Augustine and at their St. Johns River plantation, Hibernia, on Fleming Island.","Francis Philip Fleming, son of Lewis and his second wife Margaret Seton, was born in 1841 in Panama Park, Duval County. In 1861, he joined the Second Florida infantry and served in the Civil War armies of Gens. Magruder, Johnston, Hood, and Lee. After the war, he studied law, was admitted to the Florida Bar in 1868, and became a partner in the Jacksonville law firm, Fleming and Daniel (later Fleming and Fleming)","In 1871, Francis Fleming married Floride Lydia Pearson, daughter of Bird M. Pearson, justice of the Florida Supreme Court. They had two sons, Francis P. Jr. and Charles Seton Fleming, and one daughter, Elizabeth.","With law and politics as his primary interests, Fleming became a noted civic leader in Jacksonville, with increasing activities in state politics as a member of the Democratic executive committee. In 1888, after an arduous gubernatorial campaign during the Yellow Fever epidemic, he defeated the Republican candidate V. J. Shipman. Fleming served as Governor of Florida from 1889 until 1893, the single term then allowed by law.","Notable issues and developments during his gubernatorial tenure included the creation of a State Board of Health in 1889, the repeal of the Florida Railroad Commission, attempts at higher education reorganization, adjustment of state revenues, the Farmers' Alliance movement, and the 1891 re-election controversy regarding U.S. Senator Wilkinson Call.","After retiring from politics in 1893, Fleming continued to practice law in Jacksonville and developed a strong interest in Floridiana and local history. He edited a two volume work by Rowland Rerick, Memoirs of Florida, helped to incorporate the Florida Historical Society in 1905, contributed several articles to the Society's Quarterly, and became the Society's President in 1907.","After a long illness, Francis Philip Fleming died on December 20, 1908.","After their father's death, his sons, Francis P. Jr. and Charles Seton, continued the family's law practice. ","Charles and Elizabeth Fleming also became active in the Florida Historical Society. Charles Fleming contributed articles and served as the Society's Director and Vice-President in 1924-25."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFleming Family Papers, Thomas G. Carpenter Library, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Fleming Family Papers, Thomas G. Carpenter Library, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of the personal correspondence of Fleming Family members and other correspondents circa 1879-1930. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMost of the letters are incoming correspondence from relatives and friends to the Francis Philip Fleming family members. The core of the collection are condolence letters sent to Mrs. Francis P. Fleming, wife of the Governor, after his death on December 20, 1908.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere are only two letters in the collection from the Governor, sent to his vacationing wife in 1881. These letters are included in Mrs. Fleming's correspondence. Other Fleming family members represented in the collection are daughter Elizabeth, son Seton, and son-in-law Frank P. Hamilton.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOne letter written by Frank Hamilton in 1908 is of special interest for it's glimpse of life in Jacksonville in the early twentieth century. As a newcomer to Florida and recently hired associate of the Fleming law firm, Hamilton relates his personal observations of the Fleming Family and eyewitness accounts of the bustling activity and renewed vitality of the city, only seven years after the Great Jacksonville Fire of 1901. Hamilton later married Elizabeth Fleming, daughter of the Governor.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAll items are originals. Most letters are legible, with the letters from the late 1800's partially fading. Typed transcriptions of selected letters available.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of the personal correspondence of Fleming Family members and other correspondents circa 1879-1930. ","Most of the letters are incoming correspondence from relatives and friends to the Francis Philip Fleming family members. The core of the collection are condolence letters sent to Mrs. Francis P. Fleming, wife of the Governor, after his death on December 20, 1908.","There are only two letters in the collection from the Governor, sent to his vacationing wife in 1881. These letters are included in Mrs. Fleming's correspondence. Other Fleming family members represented in the collection are daughter Elizabeth, son Seton, and son-in-law Frank P. Hamilton.","One letter written by Frank Hamilton in 1908 is of special interest for it's glimpse of life in Jacksonville in the early twentieth century. As a newcomer to Florida and recently hired associate of the Fleming law firm, Hamilton relates his personal observations of the Fleming Family and eyewitness accounts of the bustling activity and renewed vitality of the city, only seven years after the Great Jacksonville Fire of 1901. Hamilton later married Elizabeth Fleming, daughter of the Governor.","All items are originals. Most letters are legible, with the letters from the late 1800's partially fading. Typed transcriptions of selected letters available."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in the collection may be subject to copyright and are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accordance with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). Use of reproductions of copyrighted works in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement and be subject to the civil and criminal penalties of federal law. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for further information\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials in the collection may be subject to copyright and are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accordance with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). Use of reproductions of copyrighted works in excess of \" fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement and be subject to the civil and criminal penalties of federal law. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for further information"],"names_coll_ssim":["Fleming and Daniel (Firm)"],"names_ssim":["UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives","Fleming and Daniel (Firm)"],"corpname_ssim":["UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives","Fleming and Daniel (Firm)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":49,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870860528021143552,"_root_":"aefc836666e464e90df34753","timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:47:15.151Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/aefc836666e464e90df34753"}},{"id":"b45b9502824c5f4dc8166598","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Jacksonville, Florida, Historical Newspapers Collection, 1890-2012","creator":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/b45b9502824c5f4dc8166598#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["Florida Times-Union and Journal"],"label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/b45b9502824c5f4dc8166598#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains selective print newspapers, sections and clippings of The Florida Times-Union and the Jacksonville Journal which detail and document Northeast Florida history from 1890 to date. Anniversary and commemorative editions, and selective daily newspapers describe historical developments, the achievements of notable figures, and provide valuable insights into daily life in Northeast Florida. A preponderance of articles feature commentary and analysis on Jacksonville's growth and development through the twentieth century. The earliest newspapers are souvenir trade editions dated 1890; the vast majority of the selective papers date from the late twentieth century to the current decade. The additional selective newspapers in the collection mark significant local subjects, events, people, and places. Topics include: Race relations, mayoral elections, deaths of area leaders, St. John's River, September 11, 2001 attacks on New York City, hurricanes and tropical storms, notable local authors, architecture and building developments, and urban issues. Of note is the continuity of certain subjects, such as race relations, downtown development, and pollution in the St. Johns River, which are recurring themes in articles over many years.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/b45b9502824c5f4dc8166598#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"b45b9502824c5f4dc8166598","title_ssm":["Jacksonville, Florida, Historical Newspapers Collection"],"title_tesim":["Jacksonville, Florida, Historical Newspapers Collection"],"ead_ssi":"b45b9502824c5f4dc8166598","unitdate_ssm":["1890-2012"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1890-2012"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["2012.005","/repositories/3/resources/57"],"text":["2012.005","/repositories/3/resources/57","Jacksonville, Florida, Historical Newspapers Collection, 1890-2012","Jacksonville (Fla.)--Politics and government--20th century.","Duval County (Fla.)--History.","Jacksonville (Fla.)--Fire, 1901.","Jacksonville (Fla.)--Newspapers.","Duval County (Fla.)--Politics and government--20th century.","Duval County (Fla.)--Newspapers.","Jacksonville (Fla.)--Politics and government.","Metropolitan government--Florida--Jacksonville.","Great Fire, Jacksonville, Fla., 1901.","American newspapers--Florida--Jacksonville.","Jacksonville (Fla.)--History.","Printed materials","Publications","The collection is open for research by appointment only. Please contact lib-special@unf.edu to schedule an appointment.","The Florida Times-Union newspaper began publication in 1864 as the Florida Union, a date marking it as the oldest newspaper in Florida. In 1883, it merged with another Jacksonville newspaper, The Florida Daily Times, and it has been known ever since as the major daily newspaper serving Jacksonville and the Northeast Florida region. The FTU's Centennial Edition, Crowning a Century in Florida: 1864-1964, provides an illuminating overview of the paper's 100 year history, as well as serving as an important primary resource for researchers. Other special supplements and commemorative editions of the FTU provide extensive coverage of pivotal local events and eras, such as the Consolidation of Jacksonville-Duval County Governments in October 1968, and the Year 2000 millennium.\nThe Jacksonville Journal began publication in 1887 as the Metropolis, later the Florida Metropolis. In 1922, it was purchased by Joseph H. Perry and renamed the Jacksonville Journal. The Florida Publishing Co. (parent company of The Florida Times-Union) purchased the Journal in 1959, and it remained the chief Jacksonville afternoon paper until it ceased publication on October 28, 1988. One year before its demise, the Journal published an extensive 100th Anniversary edition, 1887-1987, which is particularly valuable for providing historical details in sections titled Natural and Man-Made Disasters, Expositions and Moving Pictures, Business, and the Military.\nHistory of Jacksonville - Duval County Governmental Consolidation: In the mid-1960s, the city of Jacksonville, Florida, faced complex urban problems and challenges: loss of accreditation for local high schools, outdated infrastructure of sewage and road systems, polluted air from pulp mills and chemical plants, rampant water pollution in the St. Johns River, numerous corruption charges and grand jury indictments of public officials, widespread areas of substandard housing, lack of rudimentary city services to outlying areas, and high property taxes vis-a-vis the quality of governmental services. Multiple governmental structures, including a City Commission, City Council, County Budget Committee, and County Commission, overlapped political jurisdictions which led to inefficient, costly and duplicative services. To ameliorate these problems, key Jacksonville business and civic leaders met in 1965, and decided the solution was to merge city and county governments. After considerable planning by a Local Government Study Commission, a \"Blueprint for Improvement\" (1966) and a proposed Charter (1967) for a new form of consolidated metropolitan government were submitted to the Duval Legislative Delegation. The Delegation amended the Charter and adopted it as a state law subject to voter approval. The Charter was ratified by local voters in a special referendum held on August 8, 1967, which ushered in a transitional planning period of just over a year to prepare for the official establishment of the new government.\nOn October 1, 1968, amidst much celebration, the merger abolishing separate city and county governments and instituting the only consolidated government in the State officially occurred. An often noted and quoted fact was that the City's population instantly more than doubled to over 500,000, making it the largest city in Florida (by population), and the largest city, in land area, in the continental United States. The merger streamlined government, with the establishment of one elected Mayor, one Sheriff's Office, and a nineteen seat City Council. Other changes and improvements attributed to consolidation evolved gradually over the years: a better education system, cleaning up of the St. Johns River, expansion of law enforcement, fire, electrical and rescue service to outlying areas, lower tax rate and a broader tax base leading to major civic improvements and public works programs. Historians and observers also attribute other intangible effects to consolidation, such as a more positive image and higher visibility for the city, the creation of more jobs as businesses relocated to Jacksonville, significant local economic development and growth, the opening of a public University (UNF) in 1972, the addition in 1993 of an NFL franchise team (Jacksonville Jaguars), and the competitive advantage of hosting the 2005 Super Bowl.","Note written by ","The collection contains selective print newspapers, sections and clippings of The Florida Times-Union and the Jacksonville Journal which detail and document Northeast Florida history from 1890 to date. Anniversary and commemorative editions, and selective daily newspapers describe historical developments, the achievements of notable figures, and provide valuable insights into daily life in Northeast Florida. A preponderance of articles feature commentary and analysis on Jacksonville's growth and development through the twentieth century. The earliest newspapers are souvenir trade editions dated 1890; the vast majority of the selective papers date from the late twentieth century to the current decade.\nThe additional selective newspapers in the collection mark significant local subjects, events, people, and places. Topics include: Race relations, mayoral elections, deaths of area leaders, St. John's River, September 11, 2001 attacks on New York City, hurricanes and tropical storms, notable local authors, architecture and building developments, and urban issues. Of note is the continuity of certain subjects, such as race relations, downtown development, and pollution in the St. Johns River, which are recurring themes in articles over many years.","Materials in the collection may be subject to copyright and are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accordance with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). Use of reproductions of copyrighted works in excess of \"fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement and be subject to the civil and criminal penalties of federal law. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for further information","UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives","Florida Times-Union and Journal","Florida Times-Union.","Jacksonville Journal (Jacksonville, Fla.)","Bennett, Charles E., 1910-2003","English"],"unitid_tesim":["2012.005","/repositories/3/resources/57"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1890-2012"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Jacksonville, Florida, Historical Newspapers Collection, 1890-2012"],"collection_title_tesim":["Jacksonville, Florida, Historical Newspapers Collection, 1890-2012"],"collection_ssim":["Jacksonville, Florida, Historical Newspapers Collection, 1890-2012"],"repository_ssm":["UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives"],"repository_ssim":["UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Jacksonville (Fla.)--Politics and government--20th century.","Duval County (Fla.)--History.","Jacksonville (Fla.)--Fire, 1901.","Jacksonville (Fla.)--Newspapers.","Duval County (Fla.)--Politics and government--20th century.","Duval County (Fla.)--Newspapers.","Jacksonville (Fla.)--Politics and government."],"geogname_ssim":["Jacksonville (Fla.)--Politics and government--20th century.","Duval County (Fla.)--History.","Jacksonville (Fla.)--Fire, 1901.","Jacksonville (Fla.)--Newspapers.","Duval County (Fla.)--Politics and government--20th century.","Duval County (Fla.)--Newspapers.","Jacksonville (Fla.)--Politics and government."],"creator_ssm":["Florida Times-Union and Journal"],"creator_ssim":["Florida Times-Union and Journal"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Florida Times-Union and Journal"],"creators_ssim":["Florida Times-Union and Journal"],"places_ssim":["Jacksonville (Fla.)--Politics and government--20th century.","Duval County (Fla.)--History.","Jacksonville (Fla.)--Fire, 1901.","Jacksonville (Fla.)--Newspapers.","Duval County (Fla.)--Politics and government--20th century.","Duval County (Fla.)--Newspapers.","Jacksonville (Fla.)--Politics and government."],"access_terms_ssm":["Materials in the collection may be subject to copyright and are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accordance with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). Use of reproductions of copyrighted works in excess of \"fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement and be subject to the civil and criminal penalties of federal law. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for further information"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was acquired through donation, 2011."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Metropolitan government--Florida--Jacksonville.","Great Fire, Jacksonville, Fla., 1901.","American newspapers--Florida--Jacksonville.","Jacksonville (Fla.)--History.","Printed materials","Publications"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Metropolitan government--Florida--Jacksonville.","Great Fire, Jacksonville, Fla., 1901.","American newspapers--Florida--Jacksonville.","Jacksonville (Fla.)--History.","Printed materials","Publications"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["6.00 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["6.00 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Printed materials","Publications"],"date_range_isim":[1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research by appointment only. Please contact lib-special@unf.edu to schedule an appointment.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research by appointment only. Please contact lib-special@unf.edu to schedule an appointment."],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Florida Times-Union newspaper began publication in 1864 as the Florida Union, a date marking it as the oldest newspaper in Florida. In 1883, it merged with another Jacksonville newspaper, The Florida Daily Times, and it has been known ever since as the major daily newspaper serving Jacksonville and the Northeast Florida region. The FTU's Centennial Edition, Crowning a Century in Florida: 1864-1964, provides an illuminating overview of the paper's 100 year history, as well as serving as an important primary resource for researchers. Other special supplements and commemorative editions of the FTU provide extensive coverage of pivotal local events and eras, such as the Consolidation of Jacksonville-Duval County Governments in October 1968, and the Year 2000 millennium.\nThe Jacksonville Journal began publication in 1887 as the Metropolis, later the Florida Metropolis. In 1922, it was purchased by Joseph H. Perry and renamed the Jacksonville Journal. The Florida Publishing Co. (parent company of The Florida Times-Union) purchased the Journal in 1959, and it remained the chief Jacksonville afternoon paper until it ceased publication on October 28, 1988. One year before its demise, the Journal published an extensive 100th Anniversary edition, 1887-1987, which is particularly valuable for providing historical details in sections titled Natural and Man-Made Disasters, Expositions and Moving Pictures, Business, and the Military.\nHistory of Jacksonville - Duval County Governmental Consolidation: In the mid-1960s, the city of Jacksonville, Florida, faced complex urban problems and challenges: loss of accreditation for local high schools, outdated infrastructure of sewage and road systems, polluted air from pulp mills and chemical plants, rampant water pollution in the St. Johns River, numerous corruption charges and grand jury indictments of public officials, widespread areas of substandard housing, lack of rudimentary city services to outlying areas, and high property taxes vis-a-vis the quality of governmental services. Multiple governmental structures, including a City Commission, City Council, County Budget Committee, and County Commission, overlapped political jurisdictions which led to inefficient, costly and duplicative services. To ameliorate these problems, key Jacksonville business and civic leaders met in 1965, and decided the solution was to merge city and county governments. After considerable planning by a Local Government Study Commission, a \"Blueprint for Improvement\" (1966) and a proposed Charter (1967) for a new form of consolidated metropolitan government were submitted to the Duval Legislative Delegation. The Delegation amended the Charter and adopted it as a state law subject to voter approval. The Charter was ratified by local voters in a special referendum held on August 8, 1967, which ushered in a transitional planning period of just over a year to prepare for the official establishment of the new government.\nOn October 1, 1968, amidst much celebration, the merger abolishing separate city and county governments and instituting the only consolidated government in the State officially occurred. An often noted and quoted fact was that the City's population instantly more than doubled to over 500,000, making it the largest city in Florida (by population), and the largest city, in land area, in the continental United States. The merger streamlined government, with the establishment of one elected Mayor, one Sheriff's Office, and a nineteen seat City Council. Other changes and improvements attributed to consolidation evolved gradually over the years: a better education system, cleaning up of the St. Johns River, expansion of law enforcement, fire, electrical and rescue service to outlying areas, lower tax rate and a broader tax base leading to major civic improvements and public works programs. Historians and observers also attribute other intangible effects to consolidation, such as a more positive image and higher visibility for the city, the creation of more jobs as businesses relocated to Jacksonville, significant local economic development and growth, the opening of a public University (UNF) in 1972, the addition in 1993 of an NFL franchise team (Jacksonville Jaguars), and the competitive advantage of hosting the 2005 Super Bowl.","Note written by "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJacksonville, Florida, Historical Newspapers Collection, Thomas G. Carpenter Library, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Jacksonville, Florida, Historical Newspapers Collection, Thomas G. Carpenter Library, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains selective print newspapers, sections and clippings of The Florida Times-Union and the Jacksonville Journal which detail and document Northeast Florida history from 1890 to date. Anniversary and commemorative editions, and selective daily newspapers describe historical developments, the achievements of notable figures, and provide valuable insights into daily life in Northeast Florida. A preponderance of articles feature commentary and analysis on Jacksonville's growth and development through the twentieth century. The earliest newspapers are souvenir trade editions dated 1890; the vast majority of the selective papers date from the late twentieth century to the current decade.\nThe additional selective newspapers in the collection mark significant local subjects, events, people, and places. Topics include: Race relations, mayoral elections, deaths of area leaders, St. John's River, September 11, 2001 attacks on New York City, hurricanes and tropical storms, notable local authors, architecture and building developments, and urban issues. Of note is the continuity of certain subjects, such as race relations, downtown development, and pollution in the St. Johns River, which are recurring themes in articles over many years.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains selective print newspapers, sections and clippings of The Florida Times-Union and the Jacksonville Journal which detail and document Northeast Florida history from 1890 to date. Anniversary and commemorative editions, and selective daily newspapers describe historical developments, the achievements of notable figures, and provide valuable insights into daily life in Northeast Florida. A preponderance of articles feature commentary and analysis on Jacksonville's growth and development through the twentieth century. The earliest newspapers are souvenir trade editions dated 1890; the vast majority of the selective papers date from the late twentieth century to the current decade.\nThe additional selective newspapers in the collection mark significant local subjects, events, people, and places. Topics include: Race relations, mayoral elections, deaths of area leaders, St. John's River, September 11, 2001 attacks on New York City, hurricanes and tropical storms, notable local authors, architecture and building developments, and urban issues. Of note is the continuity of certain subjects, such as race relations, downtown development, and pollution in the St. Johns River, which are recurring themes in articles over many years."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in the collection may be subject to copyright and are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accordance with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). Use of reproductions of copyrighted works in excess of \"fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement and be subject to the civil and criminal penalties of federal law. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for further information\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials in the collection may be subject to copyright and are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accordance with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). Use of reproductions of copyrighted works in excess of \"fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement and be subject to the civil and criminal penalties of federal law. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for further information"],"names_coll_ssim":["Florida Times-Union.","Jacksonville Journal (Jacksonville, Fla.)","Bennett, Charles E., 1910-2003"],"names_ssim":["UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives","Florida Times-Union and Journal","Florida Times-Union.","Jacksonville Journal (Jacksonville, Fla.)","Bennett, Charles E., 1910-2003"],"corpname_ssim":["UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives","Florida Times-Union and Journal","Florida Times-Union.","Jacksonville Journal (Jacksonville, Fla.)"],"persname_ssim":["Bennett, Charles E., 1910-2003"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":21,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870860549535825920,"_root_":"b45b9502824c5f4dc8166598","timestamp":"2026-07-16T08:47:35.670Z","bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Florida Times-Union newspaper began publication in 1864 as the Florida Union, a date marking it as the oldest newspaper in Florida. In 1883, it merged with another Jacksonville newspaper, The Florida Daily Times, and it has been known ever since as the major daily newspaper serving Jacksonville and the Northeast Florida region. The FTU's Centennial Edition, Crowning a Century in Florida: 1864-1964, provides an illuminating overview of the paper's 100 year history, as well as serving as an important primary resource for researchers. Other special supplements and commemorative editions of the FTU provide extensive coverage of pivotal local events and eras, such as the Consolidation of Jacksonville-Duval County Governments in October 1968, and the Year 2000 millennium.\nThe Jacksonville Journal began publication in 1887 as the Metropolis, later the Florida Metropolis. In 1922, it was purchased by Joseph H. Perry and renamed the Jacksonville Journal. The Florida Publishing Co. (parent company of The Florida Times-Union) purchased the Journal in 1959, and it remained the chief Jacksonville afternoon paper until it ceased publication on October 28, 1988. One year before its demise, the Journal published an extensive 100th Anniversary edition, 1887-1987, which is particularly valuable for providing historical details in sections titled Natural and Man-Made Disasters, Expositions and Moving Pictures, Business, and the Military.\nHistory of Jacksonville - Duval County Governmental Consolidation: In the mid-1960s, the city of Jacksonville, Florida, faced complex urban problems and challenges: loss of accreditation for local high schools, outdated infrastructure of sewage and road systems, polluted air from pulp mills and chemical plants, rampant water pollution in the St. Johns River, numerous corruption charges and grand jury indictments of public officials, widespread areas of substandard housing, lack of rudimentary city services to outlying areas, and high property taxes vis-a-vis the quality of governmental services. Multiple governmental structures, including a City Commission, City Council, County Budget Committee, and County Commission, overlapped political jurisdictions which led to inefficient, costly and duplicative services. To ameliorate these problems, key Jacksonville business and civic leaders met in 1965, and decided the solution was to merge city and county governments. After considerable planning by a Local Government Study Commission, a \"Blueprint for Improvement\" (1966) and a proposed Charter (1967) for a new form of consolidated metropolitan government were submitted to the Duval Legislative Delegation. The Delegation amended the Charter and adopted it as a state law subject to voter approval. The Charter was ratified by local voters in a special referendum held on August 8, 1967, which ushered in a transitional planning period of just over a year to prepare for the official establishment of the new government.\nOn October 1, 1968, amidst much celebration, the merger abolishing separate city and county governments and instituting the only consolidated government in the State officially occurred. An often noted and quoted fact was that the City's population instantly more than doubled to over 500,000, making it the largest city in Florida (by population), and the largest city, in land area, in the continental United States. The merger streamlined government, with the establishment of one elected Mayor, one Sheriff's Office, and a nineteen seat City Council. Other changes and improvements attributed to consolidation evolved gradually over the years: a better education system, cleaning up of the St. Johns River, expansion of law enforcement, fire, electrical and rescue service to outlying areas, lower tax rate and a broader tax base leading to major civic improvements and public works programs. Historians and observers also attribute other intangible effects to consolidation, such as a more positive image and higher visibility for the city, the creation of more jobs as businesses relocated to Jacksonville, significant local economic development and growth, the opening of a public University (UNF) in 1972, the addition in 1993 of an NFL franchise team (Jacksonville Jaguars), and the competitive advantage of hosting the 2005 Super Bowl.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote written by \u003c/p\u003e"],"collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"b45b9502824c5f4dc8166598","title_ssm":["Jacksonville, Florida, Historical Newspapers Collection"],"title_tesim":["Jacksonville, Florida, Historical Newspapers Collection"],"ead_ssi":"b45b9502824c5f4dc8166598","unitdate_ssm":["1890-2012"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1890-2012"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["2012.005","/repositories/3/resources/57"],"text":["2012.005","/repositories/3/resources/57","Jacksonville, Florida, Historical Newspapers Collection, 1890-2012","Jacksonville (Fla.)--Politics and government--20th century.","Duval County (Fla.)--History.","Jacksonville (Fla.)--Fire, 1901.","Jacksonville (Fla.)--Newspapers.","Duval County (Fla.)--Politics and government--20th century.","Duval County (Fla.)--Newspapers.","Jacksonville (Fla.)--Politics and government.","Metropolitan government--Florida--Jacksonville.","Great Fire, Jacksonville, Fla., 1901.","American newspapers--Florida--Jacksonville.","Jacksonville (Fla.)--History.","Printed materials","Publications","The collection is open for research by appointment only. Please contact lib-special@unf.edu to schedule an appointment.","The Florida Times-Union newspaper began publication in 1864 as the Florida Union, a date marking it as the oldest newspaper in Florida. In 1883, it merged with another Jacksonville newspaper, The Florida Daily Times, and it has been known ever since as the major daily newspaper serving Jacksonville and the Northeast Florida region. The FTU's Centennial Edition, Crowning a Century in Florida: 1864-1964, provides an illuminating overview of the paper's 100 year history, as well as serving as an important primary resource for researchers. Other special supplements and commemorative editions of the FTU provide extensive coverage of pivotal local events and eras, such as the Consolidation of Jacksonville-Duval County Governments in October 1968, and the Year 2000 millennium.\nThe Jacksonville Journal began publication in 1887 as the Metropolis, later the Florida Metropolis. In 1922, it was purchased by Joseph H. Perry and renamed the Jacksonville Journal. The Florida Publishing Co. (parent company of The Florida Times-Union) purchased the Journal in 1959, and it remained the chief Jacksonville afternoon paper until it ceased publication on October 28, 1988. One year before its demise, the Journal published an extensive 100th Anniversary edition, 1887-1987, which is particularly valuable for providing historical details in sections titled Natural and Man-Made Disasters, Expositions and Moving Pictures, Business, and the Military.\nHistory of Jacksonville - Duval County Governmental Consolidation: In the mid-1960s, the city of Jacksonville, Florida, faced complex urban problems and challenges: loss of accreditation for local high schools, outdated infrastructure of sewage and road systems, polluted air from pulp mills and chemical plants, rampant water pollution in the St. Johns River, numerous corruption charges and grand jury indictments of public officials, widespread areas of substandard housing, lack of rudimentary city services to outlying areas, and high property taxes vis-a-vis the quality of governmental services. Multiple governmental structures, including a City Commission, City Council, County Budget Committee, and County Commission, overlapped political jurisdictions which led to inefficient, costly and duplicative services. To ameliorate these problems, key Jacksonville business and civic leaders met in 1965, and decided the solution was to merge city and county governments. After considerable planning by a Local Government Study Commission, a \"Blueprint for Improvement\" (1966) and a proposed Charter (1967) for a new form of consolidated metropolitan government were submitted to the Duval Legislative Delegation. The Delegation amended the Charter and adopted it as a state law subject to voter approval. The Charter was ratified by local voters in a special referendum held on August 8, 1967, which ushered in a transitional planning period of just over a year to prepare for the official establishment of the new government.\nOn October 1, 1968, amidst much celebration, the merger abolishing separate city and county governments and instituting the only consolidated government in the State officially occurred. An often noted and quoted fact was that the City's population instantly more than doubled to over 500,000, making it the largest city in Florida (by population), and the largest city, in land area, in the continental United States. The merger streamlined government, with the establishment of one elected Mayor, one Sheriff's Office, and a nineteen seat City Council. Other changes and improvements attributed to consolidation evolved gradually over the years: a better education system, cleaning up of the St. Johns River, expansion of law enforcement, fire, electrical and rescue service to outlying areas, lower tax rate and a broader tax base leading to major civic improvements and public works programs. Historians and observers also attribute other intangible effects to consolidation, such as a more positive image and higher visibility for the city, the creation of more jobs as businesses relocated to Jacksonville, significant local economic development and growth, the opening of a public University (UNF) in 1972, the addition in 1993 of an NFL franchise team (Jacksonville Jaguars), and the competitive advantage of hosting the 2005 Super Bowl.","Note written by ","The collection contains selective print newspapers, sections and clippings of The Florida Times-Union and the Jacksonville Journal which detail and document Northeast Florida history from 1890 to date. Anniversary and commemorative editions, and selective daily newspapers describe historical developments, the achievements of notable figures, and provide valuable insights into daily life in Northeast Florida. A preponderance of articles feature commentary and analysis on Jacksonville's growth and development through the twentieth century. The earliest newspapers are souvenir trade editions dated 1890; the vast majority of the selective papers date from the late twentieth century to the current decade.\nThe additional selective newspapers in the collection mark significant local subjects, events, people, and places. Topics include: Race relations, mayoral elections, deaths of area leaders, St. John's River, September 11, 2001 attacks on New York City, hurricanes and tropical storms, notable local authors, architecture and building developments, and urban issues. Of note is the continuity of certain subjects, such as race relations, downtown development, and pollution in the St. Johns River, which are recurring themes in articles over many years.","Materials in the collection may be subject to copyright and are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accordance with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). Use of reproductions of copyrighted works in excess of \"fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement and be subject to the civil and criminal penalties of federal law. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for further information","UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives","Florida Times-Union and Journal","Florida Times-Union.","Jacksonville Journal (Jacksonville, Fla.)","Bennett, Charles E., 1910-2003","English"],"unitid_tesim":["2012.005","/repositories/3/resources/57"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1890-2012"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Jacksonville, Florida, Historical Newspapers Collection, 1890-2012"],"collection_title_tesim":["Jacksonville, Florida, Historical Newspapers Collection, 1890-2012"],"collection_ssim":["Jacksonville, Florida, Historical Newspapers Collection, 1890-2012"],"repository_ssm":["UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives"],"repository_ssim":["UNF Library Special Collections and University Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Jacksonville (Fla.)--Politics and government--20th century.","Duval County (Fla.)--History.","Jacksonville (Fla.)--Fire, 1901.","Jacksonville (Fla.)--Newspapers.","Duval County (Fla.)--Politics and government--20th century.","Duval County (Fla.)--Newspapers.","Jacksonville (Fla.)--Politics and government."],"geogname_ssim":["Jacksonville (Fla.)--Politics and government--20th century.","Duval County (Fla.)--History.","Jacksonville (Fla.)--Fire, 1901.","Jacksonville (Fla.)--Newspapers.","Duval County (Fla.)--Politics and government--20th century.","Duval County (Fla.)--Newspapers.","Jacksonville (Fla.)--Politics and government."],"creator_ssm":["Florida Times-Union and Journal"],"creator_ssim":["Florida Times-Union and Journal"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Florida Times-Union and Journal"],"creators_ssim":["Florida Times-Union and Journal"],"places_ssim":["Jacksonville (Fla.)--Politics and government--20th century.","Duval County (Fla.)--History.","Jacksonville (Fla.)--Fire, 1901.","Jacksonville (Fla.)--Newspapers.","Duval County (Fla.)--Politics and government--20th century.","Duval County (Fla.)--Newspapers.","Jacksonville (Fla.)--Politics and government."],"access_terms_ssm":["Materials in the collection may be subject to copyright and are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accordance with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). Use of reproductions of copyrighted works in excess of \"fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement and be subject to the civil and criminal penalties of federal law. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for further information"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was acquired through donation, 2011."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Metropolitan government--Florida--Jacksonville.","Great Fire, Jacksonville, Fla., 1901.","American newspapers--Florida--Jacksonville.","Jacksonville (Fla.)--History.","Printed materials","Publications"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Metropolitan government--Florida--Jacksonville.","Great Fire, Jacksonville, Fla., 1901.","American newspapers--Florida--Jacksonville.","Jacksonville (Fla.)--History.","Printed materials","Publications"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["6.00 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["6.00 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Printed materials","Publications"],"date_range_isim":[1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research by appointment only. Please contact lib-special@unf.edu to schedule an appointment.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research by appointment only. Please contact lib-special@unf.edu to schedule an appointment."],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Florida Times-Union newspaper began publication in 1864 as the Florida Union, a date marking it as the oldest newspaper in Florida. In 1883, it merged with another Jacksonville newspaper, The Florida Daily Times, and it has been known ever since as the major daily newspaper serving Jacksonville and the Northeast Florida region. The FTU's Centennial Edition, Crowning a Century in Florida: 1864-1964, provides an illuminating overview of the paper's 100 year history, as well as serving as an important primary resource for researchers. Other special supplements and commemorative editions of the FTU provide extensive coverage of pivotal local events and eras, such as the Consolidation of Jacksonville-Duval County Governments in October 1968, and the Year 2000 millennium.\nThe Jacksonville Journal began publication in 1887 as the Metropolis, later the Florida Metropolis. In 1922, it was purchased by Joseph H. Perry and renamed the Jacksonville Journal. The Florida Publishing Co. (parent company of The Florida Times-Union) purchased the Journal in 1959, and it remained the chief Jacksonville afternoon paper until it ceased publication on October 28, 1988. One year before its demise, the Journal published an extensive 100th Anniversary edition, 1887-1987, which is particularly valuable for providing historical details in sections titled Natural and Man-Made Disasters, Expositions and Moving Pictures, Business, and the Military.\nHistory of Jacksonville - Duval County Governmental Consolidation: In the mid-1960s, the city of Jacksonville, Florida, faced complex urban problems and challenges: loss of accreditation for local high schools, outdated infrastructure of sewage and road systems, polluted air from pulp mills and chemical plants, rampant water pollution in the St. Johns River, numerous corruption charges and grand jury indictments of public officials, widespread areas of substandard housing, lack of rudimentary city services to outlying areas, and high property taxes vis-a-vis the quality of governmental services. Multiple governmental structures, including a City Commission, City Council, County Budget Committee, and County Commission, overlapped political jurisdictions which led to inefficient, costly and duplicative services. To ameliorate these problems, key Jacksonville business and civic leaders met in 1965, and decided the solution was to merge city and county governments. After considerable planning by a Local Government Study Commission, a \"Blueprint for Improvement\" (1966) and a proposed Charter (1967) for a new form of consolidated metropolitan government were submitted to the Duval Legislative Delegation. The Delegation amended the Charter and adopted it as a state law subject to voter approval. The Charter was ratified by local voters in a special referendum held on August 8, 1967, which ushered in a transitional planning period of just over a year to prepare for the official establishment of the new government.\nOn October 1, 1968, amidst much celebration, the merger abolishing separate city and county governments and instituting the only consolidated government in the State officially occurred. An often noted and quoted fact was that the City's population instantly more than doubled to over 500,000, making it the largest city in Florida (by population), and the largest city, in land area, in the continental United States. The merger streamlined government, with the establishment of one elected Mayor, one Sheriff's Office, and a nineteen seat City Council. Other changes and improvements attributed to consolidation evolved gradually over the years: a better education system, cleaning up of the St. Johns River, expansion of law enforcement, fire, electrical and rescue service to outlying areas, lower tax rate and a broader tax base leading to major civic improvements and public works programs. Historians and observers also attribute other intangible effects to consolidation, such as a more positive image and higher visibility for the city, the creation of more jobs as businesses relocated to Jacksonville, significant local economic development and growth, the opening of a public University (UNF) in 1972, the addition in 1993 of an NFL franchise team (Jacksonville Jaguars), and the competitive advantage of hosting the 2005 Super Bowl.","Note written by "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJacksonville, Florida, Historical Newspapers Collection, Thomas G. Carpenter Library, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Jacksonville, Florida, Historical Newspapers Collection, Thomas G. Carpenter Library, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains selective print newspapers, sections and clippings of The Florida Times-Union and the Jacksonville Journal which detail and document Northeast Florida history from 1890 to date. Anniversary and commemorative editions, and selective daily newspapers describe historical developments, the achievements of notable figures, and provide valuable insights into daily life in Northeast Florida. A preponderance of articles feature commentary and analysis on Jacksonville's growth and development through the twentieth century. The earliest newspapers are souvenir trade editions dated 1890; the vast majority of the selective papers date from the late twentieth century to the current decade.\nThe additional selective newspapers in the collection mark significant local subjects, events, people, and places. Topics include: Race relations, mayoral elections, deaths of area leaders, St. John's River, September 11, 2001 attacks on New York City, hurricanes and tropical storms, notable local authors, architecture and building developments, and urban issues. Of note is the continuity of certain subjects, such as race relations, downtown development, and pollution in the St. Johns River, which are recurring themes in articles over many years.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains selective print newspapers, sections and clippings of The Florida Times-Union and the Jacksonville Journal which detail and document Northeast Florida history from 1890 to date. Anniversary and commemorative editions, and selective daily newspapers describe historical developments, the achievements of notable figures, and provide valuable insights into daily life in Northeast Florida. A preponderance of articles feature commentary and analysis on Jacksonville's growth and development through the twentieth century. The earliest newspapers are souvenir trade editions dated 1890; the vast majority of the selective papers date from the late twentieth century to the current decade.\nThe additional selective newspapers in the collection mark significant local subjects, events, people, and places. Topics include: Race relations, mayoral elections, deaths of area leaders, St. John's River, September 11, 2001 attacks on New York City, hurricanes and tropical storms, notable local authors, architecture and building developments, and urban issues. Of note is the continuity of certain subjects, such as race relations, downtown development, and pollution in the St. Johns River, which are recurring themes in articles over many years."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in the collection may be subject to copyright and are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accordance with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). Use of reproductions of copyrighted works in excess of \"fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement and be subject to the civil and criminal penalties of federal law. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for further information\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials in the collection may be subject to copyright and are to be used for private study, scholarship, or research in accordance with the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code). Use of reproductions of copyrighted works in excess of \"fair use,\" may result in the user's liability for copyright infringement and be subject to the civil and criminal penalties of federal law. 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One year before its demise, the Journal published an extensive 100th Anniversary edition, 1887-1987, which is particularly valuable for providing historical details in sections titled Natural and Man-Made Disasters, Expositions and Moving Pictures, Business, and the Military.\nHistory of Jacksonville - Duval County Governmental Consolidation: In the mid-1960s, the city of Jacksonville, Florida, faced complex urban problems and challenges: loss of accreditation for local high schools, outdated infrastructure of sewage and road systems, polluted air from pulp mills and chemical plants, rampant water pollution in the St. Johns River, numerous corruption charges and grand jury indictments of public officials, widespread areas of substandard housing, lack of rudimentary city services to outlying areas, and high property taxes vis-a-vis the quality of governmental services. Multiple governmental structures, including a City Commission, City Council, County Budget Committee, and County Commission, overlapped political jurisdictions which led to inefficient, costly and duplicative services. To ameliorate these problems, key Jacksonville business and civic leaders met in 1965, and decided the solution was to merge city and county governments. After considerable planning by a Local Government Study Commission, a \"Blueprint for Improvement\" (1966) and a proposed Charter (1967) for a new form of consolidated metropolitan government were submitted to the Duval Legislative Delegation. The Delegation amended the Charter and adopted it as a state law subject to voter approval. The Charter was ratified by local voters in a special referendum held on August 8, 1967, which ushered in a transitional planning period of just over a year to prepare for the official establishment of the new government.\nOn October 1, 1968, amidst much celebration, the merger abolishing separate city and county governments and instituting the only consolidated government in the State officially occurred. An often noted and quoted fact was that the City's population instantly more than doubled to over 500,000, making it the largest city in Florida (by population), and the largest city, in land area, in the continental United States. The merger streamlined government, with the establishment of one elected Mayor, one Sheriff's Office, and a nineteen seat City Council. Other changes and improvements attributed to consolidation evolved gradually over the years: a better education system, cleaning up of the St. Johns River, expansion of law enforcement, fire, electrical and rescue service to outlying areas, lower tax rate and a broader tax base leading to major civic improvements and public works programs. Historians and observers also attribute other intangible effects to consolidation, such as a more positive image and higher visibility for the city, the creation of more jobs as businesses relocated to Jacksonville, significant local economic development and growth, the opening of a public University (UNF) in 1972, the addition in 1993 of an NFL franchise team (Jacksonville Jaguars), and the competitive advantage of hosting the 2005 Super Bowl.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote written by \u003c/p\u003e"]}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/b45b9502824c5f4dc8166598"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Eartha M. M. White Papers, 1831-1974","value":"Eartha M. M. 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