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The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information.","The biographical vertical files consist of articles from local publications including, but not limited to, the following: La Gaceta, The Tampa Tribune, The St. Petersburg Times and the Miami Herald. These files may contain feature length articles or obituary notices.","USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Tampa Tribune (1895-2016) (Tampa, Fla.)","Florida Audubon Society","Greater Tampa Chamber of Commerce","Florida. 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Governor (1917-1921 : Catts)"],"persname_ssim":["Catts, Sidney Johnston, 1863-1936"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":4914,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1880556252248932352,"_root_":"c535959967939890c4a30b27","timestamp":"2026-10-31T09:16:38.284Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/c535959967939890c4a30b27_aspace_aef31c0324443ca65c5d56167963352f"}},{"id":"450b61b1b641fbe7099734d6","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Guantanamo Bay Collection, 1994-1996, Date acquired: 00/00/1996","creator":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/450b61b1b641fbe7099734d6#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["Shartz, Kenneth"],"label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/450b61b1b641fbe7099734d6#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["The Special Collections department at Florida International University (FIU) holds items collected by Kenneth (Allegro) Shartz aka Fr. Cyril Shartz between 1994 and 1996 in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, where he worked as an English teacher, through the World Relief Organization. An important part of the collection is 433 photographs taken by Kenneth (Allegro) Shartz that detail the daily life of the refugees. Images also include pictures of the humanitarian workers, the detention camps, the wildlife, and the naval base. The collections also contains t-shirts, personal items and newspapers such as \u003cem\u003eEl Balsero\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eEl Bravo\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eEl Futuro\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e, \u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003eExodo,\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eQué Pasa\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e,\u003c/em\u003e printed by the U.S. military."],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/450b61b1b641fbe7099734d6#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"450b61b1b641fbe7099734d6","title_ssm":["Guantanamo Bay Collection"],"title_tesim":["Guantanamo Bay Collection"],"ead_ssi":"450b61b1b641fbe7099734d6","unitdate_ssm":["1994-1996","Date acquired: 00/00/1996"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1994-1996"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 00/00/1996"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SPC6035","/repositories/2/resources/57"],"text":["SPC6035","/repositories/2/resources/57","Guantanamo Bay Collection, 1994-1996, Date acquired: 00/00/1996","Cubans","Detention of persons--Cuba--Guantánamo Bay Naval Base","Flowers","Guantánamo Bay (Cuba)","Guantánamo Bay Detention Camp","Guantánamo Bay Naval Base (Cuba)","Hills","Military camps","Military officers--American","United States--Marine Corps--People","Wildlife as pets","Wildlife at risk","Wildlife as food","There are No Restrictions on this Collection","Kenneth (Allegro) Shartz","Note written by ","http://fiu.sobek.ufl.edu/","There are No Physical Restrictions on this collection","There are No Technical Restrictions on this collection","Guantanamo Public Memory Project","The Guantánamo Public Memory Project seeks to build public awareness of the long history of the US naval station at Guantánamo, Bay, Cuba, and foster dialogue on the future of this place and the policies it shapes. Steered from Columbia University's  Institute for the Study of Human Rights , the Project is being developed by a growing  collaboration of universities ,  organizations , and  individuals .  It was first launched in 2009 from the  International Coalition of Sites of Conscience .  Support for the Project has come from  National Dialogue and Traveling exhibit partners , the Libra Foundation, the New York Council on the Humanities, and the Open Society Foundations. (Guantanamo Public Memory Project, About the Project)","http://gitmomemory.org/","Florida International University holds all rights of copyright with the exception of the titles \"Guantanamero\" (Spanish edition) and Guantanamo Man (English edition). The creator holds all rights of copyright for these two documents.","The Special Collections department at Florida International University (FIU) holds items collected by Kenneth (Allegro) Shartz aka Fr. Cyril Shartz between 1994 and 1996 in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, where he worked as an English teacher, through the World Relief Organization. An important part of the collection is 433 photographs taken by Kenneth (Allegro) Shartz that detail the daily life of the refugees. Images also include pictures of the humanitarian workers, the detention camps, the wildlife, and the naval base. The collections also contains t-shirts, personal items and newspapers such as  El Balsero ,  El Bravo ,  El Futuro ,  Exodo,  and  Qué Pasa ,  printed by the U.S. military.","FIU Special Collections","Shartz, Kenneth","English Spanish; Castilian"],"unitid_tesim":["SPC6035","/repositories/2/resources/57"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1994-1996, Date acquired: 00/00/1996"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Guantanamo Bay Collection, 1994-1996, Date acquired: 00/00/1996"],"collection_title_tesim":["Guantanamo Bay Collection, 1994-1996, Date acquired: 00/00/1996"],"collection_ssim":["Guantanamo Bay Collection, 1994-1996, Date acquired: 00/00/1996"],"repository_ssm":["FIU Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"creator_ssm":["Shartz, Kenneth"],"creator_ssim":["Shartz, Kenneth"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Shartz, Kenneth"],"creators_ssim":["Shartz, Kenneth"],"access_terms_ssm":["Florida International University holds all rights of copyright with the exception of the titles \"Guantanamero\" (Spanish edition) and Guantanamo Man (English edition). The creator holds all rights of copyright for these two documents."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Kenneth Shartz","Donation"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Cubans","Detention of persons--Cuba--Guantánamo Bay Naval Base","Flowers","Guantánamo Bay (Cuba)","Guantánamo Bay Detention Camp","Guantánamo Bay Naval Base (Cuba)","Hills","Military camps","Military officers--American","United States--Marine Corps--People","Wildlife as pets","Wildlife at risk","Wildlife as food"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Cubans","Detention of persons--Cuba--Guantánamo Bay Naval Base","Flowers","Guantánamo Bay (Cuba)","Guantánamo Bay Detention Camp","Guantánamo Bay Naval Base (Cuba)","Hills","Military camps","Military officers--American","United States--Marine Corps--People","Wildlife as pets","Wildlife at risk","Wildlife as food"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.83 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["0.83 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1994,1995,1996],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are No Restrictions on this Collection\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are No Restrictions on this Collection"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eKenneth (Allegro) Shartz\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote written by \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Kenneth (Allegro) Shartz","Note written by "],"originalsloc_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ehttp://fiu.sobek.ufl.edu/\u003c/p\u003e"],"originalsloc_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Originals"],"originalsloc_tesim":["http://fiu.sobek.ufl.edu/"],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are No Physical Restrictions on this collection\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are No Technical Restrictions on this collection\u003c/p\u003e"],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Access Requirements","Technical Access Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["There are No Physical Restrictions on this collection","There are No Technical Restrictions on this collection"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGuantanamo Public Memory Project\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Guant\u0026#xE1;namo Public Memory Project seeks to build public awareness of the long history of the US naval station at Guant\u0026#xE1;namo, Bay, Cuba, and foster dialogue on the future of this place and the policies it shapes. Steered from Columbia University's \u003cextref href=\"http://hrcolumbia.org/\"\u003eInstitute for the Study of Human Rights\u003c/extref\u003e, the Project is being developed by a growing \u003cextref href=\"http://gitmomemory.org/about/partners/national-dialogue-traveling-exhibit-partners/\"\u003ecollaboration of universities\u003c/extref\u003e, \u003cextref href=\"http://gitmomemory.org/about/partners/memory-and-action-partners/\"\u003eorganizations\u003c/extref\u003e, and \u003cextref href=\"http://gitmomemory.org/about/partners/historical-advisors/\"\u003eindividuals\u003c/extref\u003e.\u0026#xA0; It was first launched in 2009 from the \u003cextref href=\"http://www.sitesofconscience.org/\"\u003eInternational Coalition of Sites of Conscience\u003c/extref\u003e.\u0026#xA0; Support for the Project has come from \u003cextref href=\"http://gitmomemory.org/about/partners/national-dialogue-traveling-exhibit-partners/\"\u003eNational Dialogue and Traveling exhibit partners\u003c/extref\u003e, the Libra Foundation, the New York Council on the Humanities, and the Open Society Foundations. (Guantanamo Public Memory Project, About the Project)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ehttp://gitmomemory.org/\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Guantanamo Public Memory Project","The Guantánamo Public Memory Project seeks to build public awareness of the long history of the US naval station at Guantánamo, Bay, Cuba, and foster dialogue on the future of this place and the policies it shapes. Steered from Columbia University's  Institute for the Study of Human Rights , the Project is being developed by a growing  collaboration of universities ,  organizations , and  individuals .  It was first launched in 2009 from the  International Coalition of Sites of Conscience .  Support for the Project has come from  National Dialogue and Traveling exhibit partners , the Libra Foundation, the New York Council on the Humanities, and the Open Society Foundations. (Guantanamo Public Memory Project, About the Project)","http://gitmomemory.org/"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFlorida International University holds all rights of copyright with the exception of the titles \"Guantanamero\" (Spanish edition) and Guantanamo Man (English edition). The creator holds all rights of copyright for these two documents.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Florida International University holds all rights of copyright with the exception of the titles \"Guantanamero\" (Spanish edition) and Guantanamo Man (English edition). The creator holds all rights of copyright for these two documents."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_d55a5d7cd29555859d0d98069e92d000\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Special Collections department at Florida International University (FIU) holds items collected by Kenneth (Allegro) Shartz aka Fr. Cyril Shartz between 1994 and 1996 in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, where he worked as an English teacher, through the World Relief Organization. An important part of the collection is 433 photographs taken by Kenneth (Allegro) Shartz that detail the daily life of the refugees. Images also include pictures of the humanitarian workers, the detention camps, the wildlife, and the naval base. The collections also contains t-shirts, personal items and newspapers such as \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eEl Balsero\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eEl Bravo\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eEl Futuro\u003c/emph\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003e, \u003c/emph\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eExodo,\u003c/emph\u003e and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eQu\u0026#xE9; Pasa\u003c/emph\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003e,\u003c/emph\u003e printed by the U.S. military.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Special Collections department at Florida International University (FIU) holds items collected by Kenneth (Allegro) Shartz aka Fr. Cyril Shartz between 1994 and 1996 in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, where he worked as an English teacher, through the World Relief Organization. An important part of the collection is 433 photographs taken by Kenneth (Allegro) Shartz that detail the daily life of the refugees. Images also include pictures of the humanitarian workers, the detention camps, the wildlife, and the naval base. The collections also contains t-shirts, personal items and newspapers such as  El Balsero ,  El Bravo ,  El Futuro ,  Exodo,  and  Qué Pasa ,  printed by the U.S. military."],"names_ssim":["FIU Special Collections","Shartz, Kenneth"],"corpname_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Shartz, Kenneth"],"language_ssim":["English Spanish; Castilian"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":25,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870844655834234880,"_root_":"450b61b1b641fbe7099734d6","timestamp":"2026-07-16T04:34:58.254Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"450b61b1b641fbe7099734d6","title_ssm":["Guantanamo Bay Collection"],"title_tesim":["Guantanamo Bay Collection"],"ead_ssi":"450b61b1b641fbe7099734d6","unitdate_ssm":["1994-1996","Date acquired: 00/00/1996"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1994-1996"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 00/00/1996"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SPC6035","/repositories/2/resources/57"],"text":["SPC6035","/repositories/2/resources/57","Guantanamo Bay Collection, 1994-1996, Date acquired: 00/00/1996","Cubans","Detention of persons--Cuba--Guantánamo Bay Naval Base","Flowers","Guantánamo Bay (Cuba)","Guantánamo Bay Detention Camp","Guantánamo Bay Naval Base (Cuba)","Hills","Military camps","Military officers--American","United States--Marine Corps--People","Wildlife as pets","Wildlife at risk","Wildlife as food","There are No Restrictions on this Collection","Kenneth (Allegro) Shartz","Note written by ","http://fiu.sobek.ufl.edu/","There are No Physical Restrictions on this collection","There are No Technical Restrictions on this collection","Guantanamo Public Memory Project","The Guantánamo Public Memory Project seeks to build public awareness of the long history of the US naval station at Guantánamo, Bay, Cuba, and foster dialogue on the future of this place and the policies it shapes. Steered from Columbia University's  Institute for the Study of Human Rights , the Project is being developed by a growing  collaboration of universities ,  organizations , and  individuals .  It was first launched in 2009 from the  International Coalition of Sites of Conscience .  Support for the Project has come from  National Dialogue and Traveling exhibit partners , the Libra Foundation, the New York Council on the Humanities, and the Open Society Foundations. (Guantanamo Public Memory Project, About the Project)","http://gitmomemory.org/","Florida International University holds all rights of copyright with the exception of the titles \"Guantanamero\" (Spanish edition) and Guantanamo Man (English edition). The creator holds all rights of copyright for these two documents.","The Special Collections department at Florida International University (FIU) holds items collected by Kenneth (Allegro) Shartz aka Fr. Cyril Shartz between 1994 and 1996 in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, where he worked as an English teacher, through the World Relief Organization. An important part of the collection is 433 photographs taken by Kenneth (Allegro) Shartz that detail the daily life of the refugees. Images also include pictures of the humanitarian workers, the detention camps, the wildlife, and the naval base. The collections also contains t-shirts, personal items and newspapers such as  El Balsero ,  El Bravo ,  El Futuro ,  Exodo,  and  Qué Pasa ,  printed by the U.S. military.","FIU Special Collections","Shartz, Kenneth","English Spanish; Castilian"],"unitid_tesim":["SPC6035","/repositories/2/resources/57"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1994-1996, Date acquired: 00/00/1996"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Guantanamo Bay Collection, 1994-1996, Date acquired: 00/00/1996"],"collection_title_tesim":["Guantanamo Bay Collection, 1994-1996, Date acquired: 00/00/1996"],"collection_ssim":["Guantanamo Bay Collection, 1994-1996, Date acquired: 00/00/1996"],"repository_ssm":["FIU Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"creator_ssm":["Shartz, Kenneth"],"creator_ssim":["Shartz, Kenneth"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Shartz, Kenneth"],"creators_ssim":["Shartz, Kenneth"],"access_terms_ssm":["Florida International University holds all rights of copyright with the exception of the titles \"Guantanamero\" (Spanish edition) and Guantanamo Man (English edition). The creator holds all rights of copyright for these two documents."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Kenneth Shartz","Donation"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Cubans","Detention of persons--Cuba--Guantánamo Bay Naval Base","Flowers","Guantánamo Bay (Cuba)","Guantánamo Bay Detention Camp","Guantánamo Bay Naval Base (Cuba)","Hills","Military camps","Military officers--American","United States--Marine Corps--People","Wildlife as pets","Wildlife at risk","Wildlife as food"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Cubans","Detention of persons--Cuba--Guantánamo Bay Naval Base","Flowers","Guantánamo Bay (Cuba)","Guantánamo Bay Detention Camp","Guantánamo Bay Naval Base (Cuba)","Hills","Military camps","Military officers--American","United States--Marine Corps--People","Wildlife as pets","Wildlife at risk","Wildlife as food"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.83 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["0.83 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1994,1995,1996],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are No Restrictions on this Collection\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are No Restrictions on this Collection"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eKenneth (Allegro) Shartz\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote written by \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Kenneth (Allegro) Shartz","Note written by "],"originalsloc_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ehttp://fiu.sobek.ufl.edu/\u003c/p\u003e"],"originalsloc_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Originals"],"originalsloc_tesim":["http://fiu.sobek.ufl.edu/"],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are No Physical Restrictions on this collection\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are No Technical Restrictions on this collection\u003c/p\u003e"],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Access Requirements","Technical Access Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["There are No Physical Restrictions on this collection","There are No Technical Restrictions on this collection"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGuantanamo Public Memory Project\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Guant\u0026#xE1;namo Public Memory Project seeks to build public awareness of the long history of the US naval station at Guant\u0026#xE1;namo, Bay, Cuba, and foster dialogue on the future of this place and the policies it shapes. Steered from Columbia University's \u003cextref href=\"http://hrcolumbia.org/\"\u003eInstitute for the Study of Human Rights\u003c/extref\u003e, the Project is being developed by a growing \u003cextref href=\"http://gitmomemory.org/about/partners/national-dialogue-traveling-exhibit-partners/\"\u003ecollaboration of universities\u003c/extref\u003e, \u003cextref href=\"http://gitmomemory.org/about/partners/memory-and-action-partners/\"\u003eorganizations\u003c/extref\u003e, and \u003cextref href=\"http://gitmomemory.org/about/partners/historical-advisors/\"\u003eindividuals\u003c/extref\u003e.\u0026#xA0; It was first launched in 2009 from the \u003cextref href=\"http://www.sitesofconscience.org/\"\u003eInternational Coalition of Sites of Conscience\u003c/extref\u003e.\u0026#xA0; Support for the Project has come from \u003cextref href=\"http://gitmomemory.org/about/partners/national-dialogue-traveling-exhibit-partners/\"\u003eNational Dialogue and Traveling exhibit partners\u003c/extref\u003e, the Libra Foundation, the New York Council on the Humanities, and the Open Society Foundations. (Guantanamo Public Memory Project, About the Project)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ehttp://gitmomemory.org/\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Guantanamo Public Memory Project","The Guantánamo Public Memory Project seeks to build public awareness of the long history of the US naval station at Guantánamo, Bay, Cuba, and foster dialogue on the future of this place and the policies it shapes. Steered from Columbia University's  Institute for the Study of Human Rights , the Project is being developed by a growing  collaboration of universities ,  organizations , and  individuals .  It was first launched in 2009 from the  International Coalition of Sites of Conscience .  Support for the Project has come from  National Dialogue and Traveling exhibit partners , the Libra Foundation, the New York Council on the Humanities, and the Open Society Foundations. (Guantanamo Public Memory Project, About the Project)","http://gitmomemory.org/"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFlorida International University holds all rights of copyright with the exception of the titles \"Guantanamero\" (Spanish edition) and Guantanamo Man (English edition). The creator holds all rights of copyright for these two documents.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Florida International University holds all rights of copyright with the exception of the titles \"Guantanamero\" (Spanish edition) and Guantanamo Man (English edition). The creator holds all rights of copyright for these two documents."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_d55a5d7cd29555859d0d98069e92d000\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Special Collections department at Florida International University (FIU) holds items collected by Kenneth (Allegro) Shartz aka Fr. Cyril Shartz between 1994 and 1996 in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, where he worked as an English teacher, through the World Relief Organization. An important part of the collection is 433 photographs taken by Kenneth (Allegro) Shartz that detail the daily life of the refugees. Images also include pictures of the humanitarian workers, the detention camps, the wildlife, and the naval base. The collections also contains t-shirts, personal items and newspapers such as \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eEl Balsero\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eEl Bravo\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eEl Futuro\u003c/emph\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003e, \u003c/emph\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eExodo,\u003c/emph\u003e and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eQu\u0026#xE9; Pasa\u003c/emph\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003e,\u003c/emph\u003e printed by the U.S. military.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Special Collections department at Florida International University (FIU) holds items collected by Kenneth (Allegro) Shartz aka Fr. Cyril Shartz between 1994 and 1996 in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, where he worked as an English teacher, through the World Relief Organization. An important part of the collection is 433 photographs taken by Kenneth (Allegro) Shartz that detail the daily life of the refugees. Images also include pictures of the humanitarian workers, the detention camps, the wildlife, and the naval base. The collections also contains t-shirts, personal items and newspapers such as  El Balsero ,  El Bravo ,  El Futuro ,  Exodo,  and  Qué Pasa ,  printed by the U.S. military."],"names_ssim":["FIU Special Collections","Shartz, Kenneth"],"corpname_ssim":["FIU Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Shartz, Kenneth"],"language_ssim":["English Spanish; Castilian"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":25,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870844655834234880,"_root_":"450b61b1b641fbe7099734d6","timestamp":"2026-07-16T04:34:58.254Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/450b61b1b641fbe7099734d6"}},{"id":"09406f3523c0bada1a65caf9","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Machado Administration Oral History Tapes collection, Dummy Date","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/09406f3523c0bada1a65caf9#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["This collection contains oral histories from prominent figures of the Revolution of 1933 in Cuba, including cassette tapes and handwritten transcriptions. The interviews all pertain to the Gerardo Machado administration (1924–1933) and events immediately following his exile. Many of the interviewees were members of opposition groups involved in the overthrowing of the Machado regime and subsequent administrations, including the ABC party, Directorio Estudiantil Universitario (D.E.U.), Joven Cuba, and Partido Auténtico."],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/09406f3523c0bada1a65caf9#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"09406f3523c0bada1a65caf9","title_ssm":["Machado Administration Oral History Tapes collection"],"title_tesim":["Machado Administration Oral History Tapes collection"],"ead_ssi":"09406f3523c0bada1a65caf9","unitdate_ssm":["Dummy Date"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Dummy Date"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M02","/repositories/2/resources/182"],"text":["M02","/repositories/2/resources/182","Machado Administration Oral History Tapes collection, Dummy Date","Cuba -- History","Cubans","Cuba--Politics and government","Cuba--History--Autonomy and independence movements","The reading room is not currently equipped with public listening equipment for cassette tapes.","This collection is arranged by material type and alphabetically.","The Revolution of 1933 resulted from widespread violent opposition to President Gerardo Machado y Morales' dictatorship (1924–1933) and comprised a prolonged period of coups and civil unrest which culminated in Machado's exile. A war hero of the Cuban War of Independence (1895–1898), the Liberal party candidate Machado was democratically elected as president in 1924 and reelected in 1928 as the only candidate, despite opposition from students and middle class professionals. During his second term, Machado took control of the Cuban political parties, instituted martial law, and suspended freedom of speech, press, and assembly. When the economic depression of the 1930s hit Cuba and Machado's regime was unable to offer substantial relief, opposition increased sharply. The ABC Party, composed predominantly of middle class and student members, was formed in 1931 to oppose Machado's administration. ABC opposed U.S. interventionism and large landholdings and advocated for nationalization of public services, political liberty, and social justice. The party coordinated the assassination of Senate president Clemente Vázquez Bello in 1932, as well as a failed plot to bomb Vázquez's funeral to assassinate other government officials, including Machado. ","In an effort to regain political stability in the country to implement his New Deal Cuban policy, President Franklin D. Roosevelt appointed Sumner Welles as the U.S. ambassador and tasked him with mediating between the dictator and the opposition. Welles' initial mediation resulted in a declaration of amnesty and promises of political and constitutional reforms. However, Machado's promise to resign was never fulfilled, and he was forced into exile in August 1933. After the coup, Welles assembled a provisional government which included members from ABC and other oppositional groups. The new president, Carlos Manuel de Céspedes, was quickly overthrown in a military coup. Decades of unrest followed with several short-term presidents who were removed or overthrown, ultimately leading to the Cuban Revolution of 1959.","References:\n\"ABC Party\" 2026. Encyclopedia.com. https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/abc-party.","\"Cuban Revolution\" 2026. Encyclopaedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/event/Cuban-Revolution.","‌\"Gerardo Machado Y Morales\" n.d. Encyclopaedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Gerardo-Machado-y-Morales.","\"The Republic (1898–1959)\" 2026. Encyclopedia.com. https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/republic-1898-1959.","‌\"Revolution of 1933\" n.d. Encyclopedia.com. https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/revolution-1933.","Transcriptions of Conchita Castanedo and Inés Segura Bustamante's oral histories included in collection.","‌","Conchita Castanedo Papers, Cuban Heritage Collection, University of Miami Libraries, Coral Gables, Florida.","Inés Segura Bustamante Papers, Cuban Heritage Collection, University of Miami Libraries, Coral Gables, Florida.","Rafael Rubio Padilla Collection, Cuban Heritage Collection, University of Miami Libraries, Coral Gables, Florida.","The Machado Administration Oral History Tapes collection consists of twenty-four cassette tapes and two handwritted transcriptions. All materials pertain to oral histories taken of key figures in the Revolution of 1933.","None. The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information.","This collection contains oral histories from prominent figures of the Revolution of 1933 in Cuba, including cassette tapes and handwritten transcriptions. The interviews all pertain to the Gerardo Machado administration (1924–1933) and events immediately following his exile. Many of the interviewees were members of opposition groups involved in the overthrowing of the Machado regime and subsequent administrations, including the ABC party, Directorio Estudiantil Universitario (D.E.U.), Joven Cuba, and Partido Auténtico.","USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Machado y Morales, Gerardo, 1871-1939","English"],"unitid_tesim":["M02","/repositories/2/resources/182"],"normalized_date_ssm":["Dummy Date"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Machado Administration Oral History Tapes collection, Dummy Date"],"collection_title_tesim":["Machado Administration Oral History Tapes collection, Dummy Date"],"collection_ssim":["Machado Administration Oral History Tapes collection, Dummy Date"],"repository_ssm":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Cuba -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Cuba -- History"],"places_ssim":["Cuba -- History"],"access_terms_ssm":["None. The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Cubans","Cuba--Politics and government","Cuba--History--Autonomy and independence movements"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Cubans","Cuba--Politics and government","Cuba--History--Autonomy and independence movements"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.42 Linear Feet","1 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["0.42 Linear Feet","1 boxes"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe reading room is not currently equipped with public listening equipment for cassette tapes.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The reading room is not currently equipped with public listening equipment for cassette tapes."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged by material type and alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged by material type and alphabetically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Revolution of 1933 resulted from widespread violent opposition to President Gerardo Machado y Morales' dictatorship (1924\u0026#x2013;1933) and comprised a prolonged period of coups and civil unrest which culminated in Machado's exile. A war hero of the Cuban War of Independence (1895\u0026#x2013;1898), the Liberal party candidate Machado was democratically elected as president in 1924 and reelected in 1928 as the only candidate, despite opposition from students and middle class professionals. During his second term, Machado took control of the Cuban political parties, instituted martial law, and suspended freedom of speech, press, and assembly. When the economic depression of the 1930s hit Cuba and Machado's regime was unable to offer substantial relief, opposition increased sharply. The ABC Party, composed predominantly of middle class and student members, was formed in 1931 to oppose Machado's administration. ABC opposed U.S. interventionism and large landholdings and advocated for nationalization of public services, political liberty, and social justice. The party coordinated the assassination of Senate president Clemente V\u0026#xE1;zquez Bello in 1932, as well as a failed plot to bomb V\u0026#xE1;zquez's funeral to assassinate other government officials, including Machado. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn an effort to regain political stability in the country to implement his New Deal Cuban policy, President Franklin D. Roosevelt appointed Sumner Welles as the U.S. ambassador and tasked him with mediating between the dictator and the opposition. Welles' initial mediation resulted in a declaration of amnesty and promises of political and constitutional reforms. However, Machado's promise to resign was never fulfilled, and he was forced into exile in August 1933. After the coup, Welles assembled a provisional government which included members from ABC and other oppositional groups. The new president, Carlos Manuel de C\u0026#xE9;spedes, was quickly overthrown in a military coup. Decades of unrest followed with several short-term presidents who were removed or overthrown, ultimately leading to the Cuban Revolution of 1959.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReferences:\n\"ABC Party\" 2026. Encyclopedia.com. https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/abc-party.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Cuban Revolution\" 2026. Encyclopaedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/event/Cuban-Revolution.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u0026#x200C;\"Gerardo Machado Y Morales\" n.d. Encyclopaedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Gerardo-Machado-y-Morales.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"The Republic (1898\u0026#x2013;1959)\" 2026. Encyclopedia.com. https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/republic-1898-1959.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u0026#x200C;\"Revolution of 1933\" n.d. Encyclopedia.com. https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/revolution-1933.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTranscriptions of Conchita Castanedo and In\u0026#xE9;s Segura Bustamante's oral histories included in collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u0026#x200C;\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Revolution of 1933 resulted from widespread violent opposition to President Gerardo Machado y Morales' dictatorship (1924–1933) and comprised a prolonged period of coups and civil unrest which culminated in Machado's exile. A war hero of the Cuban War of Independence (1895–1898), the Liberal party candidate Machado was democratically elected as president in 1924 and reelected in 1928 as the only candidate, despite opposition from students and middle class professionals. During his second term, Machado took control of the Cuban political parties, instituted martial law, and suspended freedom of speech, press, and assembly. When the economic depression of the 1930s hit Cuba and Machado's regime was unable to offer substantial relief, opposition increased sharply. The ABC Party, composed predominantly of middle class and student members, was formed in 1931 to oppose Machado's administration. ABC opposed U.S. interventionism and large landholdings and advocated for nationalization of public services, political liberty, and social justice. The party coordinated the assassination of Senate president Clemente Vázquez Bello in 1932, as well as a failed plot to bomb Vázquez's funeral to assassinate other government officials, including Machado. ","In an effort to regain political stability in the country to implement his New Deal Cuban policy, President Franklin D. Roosevelt appointed Sumner Welles as the U.S. ambassador and tasked him with mediating between the dictator and the opposition. Welles' initial mediation resulted in a declaration of amnesty and promises of political and constitutional reforms. However, Machado's promise to resign was never fulfilled, and he was forced into exile in August 1933. After the coup, Welles assembled a provisional government which included members from ABC and other oppositional groups. The new president, Carlos Manuel de Céspedes, was quickly overthrown in a military coup. Decades of unrest followed with several short-term presidents who were removed or overthrown, ultimately leading to the Cuban Revolution of 1959.","References:\n\"ABC Party\" 2026. Encyclopedia.com. https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/abc-party.","\"Cuban Revolution\" 2026. Encyclopaedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/event/Cuban-Revolution.","‌\"Gerardo Machado Y Morales\" n.d. Encyclopaedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Gerardo-Machado-y-Morales.","\"The Republic (1898–1959)\" 2026. Encyclopedia.com. https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/republic-1898-1959.","‌\"Revolution of 1933\" n.d. Encyclopedia.com. https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/revolution-1933.","Transcriptions of Conchita Castanedo and Inés Segura Bustamante's oral histories included in collection.","‌"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMachado Administration Oral History Tapes, USF Libraries \u0026#x2013; Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida,\nTampa, FL.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Machado Administration Oral History Tapes, USF Libraries – Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida,\nTampa, FL."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eConchita Castanedo Papers, Cuban Heritage Collection, University of Miami Libraries, Coral Gables, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn\u0026#xE9;s Segura Bustamante Papers, Cuban Heritage Collection, University of Miami Libraries, Coral Gables, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRafael Rubio Padilla Collection, Cuban Heritage Collection, University of Miami Libraries, Coral Gables, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Conchita Castanedo Papers, Cuban Heritage Collection, University of Miami Libraries, Coral Gables, Florida.","Inés Segura Bustamante Papers, Cuban Heritage Collection, University of Miami Libraries, Coral Gables, Florida.","Rafael Rubio Padilla Collection, Cuban Heritage Collection, University of Miami Libraries, Coral Gables, Florida."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Machado Administration Oral History Tapes collection consists of twenty-four cassette tapes and two handwritted transcriptions. All materials pertain to oral histories taken of key figures in the Revolution of 1933.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Machado Administration Oral History Tapes collection consists of twenty-four cassette tapes and two handwritted transcriptions. All materials pertain to oral histories taken of key figures in the Revolution of 1933."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone. The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["None. The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_5af0d29058187c8a88b8d9f4381e4854\"\u003eThis collection contains oral histories from prominent figures of the Revolution of 1933 in Cuba, including cassette tapes and handwritten transcriptions. The interviews all pertain to the Gerardo Machado administration (1924\u0026#x2013;1933) and events immediately following his exile. Many of the interviewees were members of opposition groups involved in the overthrowing of the Machado regime and subsequent administrations, including the ABC party, Directorio Estudiantil Universitario (D.E.U.), Joven Cuba, and Partido Aut\u0026#xE9;ntico.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains oral histories from prominent figures of the Revolution of 1933 in Cuba, including cassette tapes and handwritten transcriptions. The interviews all pertain to the Gerardo Machado administration (1924–1933) and events immediately following his exile. Many of the interviewees were members of opposition groups involved in the overthrowing of the Machado regime and subsequent administrations, including the ABC party, Directorio Estudiantil Universitario (D.E.U.), Joven Cuba, and Partido Auténtico."],"names_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Machado y Morales, Gerardo, 1871-1939"],"corpname_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"names_coll_ssim":["Machado y Morales, Gerardo, 1871-1939"],"persname_ssim":["Machado y Morales, Gerardo, 1871-1939"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":27,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870862531021504512,"_root_":"09406f3523c0bada1a65caf9","timestamp":"2026-07-16T09:19:05.362Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"09406f3523c0bada1a65caf9","title_ssm":["Machado Administration Oral History Tapes collection"],"title_tesim":["Machado Administration Oral History Tapes collection"],"ead_ssi":"09406f3523c0bada1a65caf9","unitdate_ssm":["Dummy Date"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Dummy Date"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M02","/repositories/2/resources/182"],"text":["M02","/repositories/2/resources/182","Machado Administration Oral History Tapes collection, Dummy Date","Cuba -- History","Cubans","Cuba--Politics and government","Cuba--History--Autonomy and independence movements","The reading room is not currently equipped with public listening equipment for cassette tapes.","This collection is arranged by material type and alphabetically.","The Revolution of 1933 resulted from widespread violent opposition to President Gerardo Machado y Morales' dictatorship (1924–1933) and comprised a prolonged period of coups and civil unrest which culminated in Machado's exile. A war hero of the Cuban War of Independence (1895–1898), the Liberal party candidate Machado was democratically elected as president in 1924 and reelected in 1928 as the only candidate, despite opposition from students and middle class professionals. During his second term, Machado took control of the Cuban political parties, instituted martial law, and suspended freedom of speech, press, and assembly. When the economic depression of the 1930s hit Cuba and Machado's regime was unable to offer substantial relief, opposition increased sharply. The ABC Party, composed predominantly of middle class and student members, was formed in 1931 to oppose Machado's administration. ABC opposed U.S. interventionism and large landholdings and advocated for nationalization of public services, political liberty, and social justice. The party coordinated the assassination of Senate president Clemente Vázquez Bello in 1932, as well as a failed plot to bomb Vázquez's funeral to assassinate other government officials, including Machado. ","In an effort to regain political stability in the country to implement his New Deal Cuban policy, President Franklin D. Roosevelt appointed Sumner Welles as the U.S. ambassador and tasked him with mediating between the dictator and the opposition. Welles' initial mediation resulted in a declaration of amnesty and promises of political and constitutional reforms. However, Machado's promise to resign was never fulfilled, and he was forced into exile in August 1933. After the coup, Welles assembled a provisional government which included members from ABC and other oppositional groups. The new president, Carlos Manuel de Céspedes, was quickly overthrown in a military coup. Decades of unrest followed with several short-term presidents who were removed or overthrown, ultimately leading to the Cuban Revolution of 1959.","References:\n\"ABC Party\" 2026. Encyclopedia.com. https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/abc-party.","\"Cuban Revolution\" 2026. Encyclopaedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/event/Cuban-Revolution.","‌\"Gerardo Machado Y Morales\" n.d. Encyclopaedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Gerardo-Machado-y-Morales.","\"The Republic (1898–1959)\" 2026. Encyclopedia.com. https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/republic-1898-1959.","‌\"Revolution of 1933\" n.d. Encyclopedia.com. https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/revolution-1933.","Transcriptions of Conchita Castanedo and Inés Segura Bustamante's oral histories included in collection.","‌","Conchita Castanedo Papers, Cuban Heritage Collection, University of Miami Libraries, Coral Gables, Florida.","Inés Segura Bustamante Papers, Cuban Heritage Collection, University of Miami Libraries, Coral Gables, Florida.","Rafael Rubio Padilla Collection, Cuban Heritage Collection, University of Miami Libraries, Coral Gables, Florida.","The Machado Administration Oral History Tapes collection consists of twenty-four cassette tapes and two handwritted transcriptions. All materials pertain to oral histories taken of key figures in the Revolution of 1933.","None. The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information.","This collection contains oral histories from prominent figures of the Revolution of 1933 in Cuba, including cassette tapes and handwritten transcriptions. The interviews all pertain to the Gerardo Machado administration (1924–1933) and events immediately following his exile. Many of the interviewees were members of opposition groups involved in the overthrowing of the Machado regime and subsequent administrations, including the ABC party, Directorio Estudiantil Universitario (D.E.U.), Joven Cuba, and Partido Auténtico.","USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Machado y Morales, Gerardo, 1871-1939","English"],"unitid_tesim":["M02","/repositories/2/resources/182"],"normalized_date_ssm":["Dummy Date"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Machado Administration Oral History Tapes collection, Dummy Date"],"collection_title_tesim":["Machado Administration Oral History Tapes collection, Dummy Date"],"collection_ssim":["Machado Administration Oral History Tapes collection, Dummy Date"],"repository_ssm":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Cuba -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Cuba -- History"],"places_ssim":["Cuba -- History"],"access_terms_ssm":["None. The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Cubans","Cuba--Politics and government","Cuba--History--Autonomy and independence movements"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Cubans","Cuba--Politics and government","Cuba--History--Autonomy and independence movements"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.42 Linear Feet","1 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["0.42 Linear Feet","1 boxes"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe reading room is not currently equipped with public listening equipment for cassette tapes.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The reading room is not currently equipped with public listening equipment for cassette tapes."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged by material type and alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged by material type and alphabetically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Revolution of 1933 resulted from widespread violent opposition to President Gerardo Machado y Morales' dictatorship (1924\u0026#x2013;1933) and comprised a prolonged period of coups and civil unrest which culminated in Machado's exile. A war hero of the Cuban War of Independence (1895\u0026#x2013;1898), the Liberal party candidate Machado was democratically elected as president in 1924 and reelected in 1928 as the only candidate, despite opposition from students and middle class professionals. During his second term, Machado took control of the Cuban political parties, instituted martial law, and suspended freedom of speech, press, and assembly. When the economic depression of the 1930s hit Cuba and Machado's regime was unable to offer substantial relief, opposition increased sharply. The ABC Party, composed predominantly of middle class and student members, was formed in 1931 to oppose Machado's administration. ABC opposed U.S. interventionism and large landholdings and advocated for nationalization of public services, political liberty, and social justice. The party coordinated the assassination of Senate president Clemente V\u0026#xE1;zquez Bello in 1932, as well as a failed plot to bomb V\u0026#xE1;zquez's funeral to assassinate other government officials, including Machado. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn an effort to regain political stability in the country to implement his New Deal Cuban policy, President Franklin D. Roosevelt appointed Sumner Welles as the U.S. ambassador and tasked him with mediating between the dictator and the opposition. Welles' initial mediation resulted in a declaration of amnesty and promises of political and constitutional reforms. However, Machado's promise to resign was never fulfilled, and he was forced into exile in August 1933. After the coup, Welles assembled a provisional government which included members from ABC and other oppositional groups. The new president, Carlos Manuel de C\u0026#xE9;spedes, was quickly overthrown in a military coup. Decades of unrest followed with several short-term presidents who were removed or overthrown, ultimately leading to the Cuban Revolution of 1959.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReferences:\n\"ABC Party\" 2026. Encyclopedia.com. https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/abc-party.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Cuban Revolution\" 2026. Encyclopaedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/event/Cuban-Revolution.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u0026#x200C;\"Gerardo Machado Y Morales\" n.d. Encyclopaedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Gerardo-Machado-y-Morales.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"The Republic (1898\u0026#x2013;1959)\" 2026. Encyclopedia.com. https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/republic-1898-1959.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u0026#x200C;\"Revolution of 1933\" n.d. Encyclopedia.com. https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/revolution-1933.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTranscriptions of Conchita Castanedo and In\u0026#xE9;s Segura Bustamante's oral histories included in collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u0026#x200C;\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Revolution of 1933 resulted from widespread violent opposition to President Gerardo Machado y Morales' dictatorship (1924–1933) and comprised a prolonged period of coups and civil unrest which culminated in Machado's exile. A war hero of the Cuban War of Independence (1895–1898), the Liberal party candidate Machado was democratically elected as president in 1924 and reelected in 1928 as the only candidate, despite opposition from students and middle class professionals. During his second term, Machado took control of the Cuban political parties, instituted martial law, and suspended freedom of speech, press, and assembly. When the economic depression of the 1930s hit Cuba and Machado's regime was unable to offer substantial relief, opposition increased sharply. The ABC Party, composed predominantly of middle class and student members, was formed in 1931 to oppose Machado's administration. ABC opposed U.S. interventionism and large landholdings and advocated for nationalization of public services, political liberty, and social justice. The party coordinated the assassination of Senate president Clemente Vázquez Bello in 1932, as well as a failed plot to bomb Vázquez's funeral to assassinate other government officials, including Machado. ","In an effort to regain political stability in the country to implement his New Deal Cuban policy, President Franklin D. Roosevelt appointed Sumner Welles as the U.S. ambassador and tasked him with mediating between the dictator and the opposition. Welles' initial mediation resulted in a declaration of amnesty and promises of political and constitutional reforms. However, Machado's promise to resign was never fulfilled, and he was forced into exile in August 1933. After the coup, Welles assembled a provisional government which included members from ABC and other oppositional groups. The new president, Carlos Manuel de Céspedes, was quickly overthrown in a military coup. Decades of unrest followed with several short-term presidents who were removed or overthrown, ultimately leading to the Cuban Revolution of 1959.","References:\n\"ABC Party\" 2026. Encyclopedia.com. https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/abc-party.","\"Cuban Revolution\" 2026. Encyclopaedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/event/Cuban-Revolution.","‌\"Gerardo Machado Y Morales\" n.d. Encyclopaedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Gerardo-Machado-y-Morales.","\"The Republic (1898–1959)\" 2026. Encyclopedia.com. https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/republic-1898-1959.","‌\"Revolution of 1933\" n.d. Encyclopedia.com. https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/revolution-1933.","Transcriptions of Conchita Castanedo and Inés Segura Bustamante's oral histories included in collection.","‌"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMachado Administration Oral History Tapes, USF Libraries \u0026#x2013; Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida,\nTampa, FL.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Machado Administration Oral History Tapes, USF Libraries – Tampa Special Collections, University of South Florida,\nTampa, FL."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eConchita Castanedo Papers, Cuban Heritage Collection, University of Miami Libraries, Coral Gables, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn\u0026#xE9;s Segura Bustamante Papers, Cuban Heritage Collection, University of Miami Libraries, Coral Gables, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRafael Rubio Padilla Collection, Cuban Heritage Collection, University of Miami Libraries, Coral Gables, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Conchita Castanedo Papers, Cuban Heritage Collection, University of Miami Libraries, Coral Gables, Florida.","Inés Segura Bustamante Papers, Cuban Heritage Collection, University of Miami Libraries, Coral Gables, Florida.","Rafael Rubio Padilla Collection, Cuban Heritage Collection, University of Miami Libraries, Coral Gables, Florida."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Machado Administration Oral History Tapes collection consists of twenty-four cassette tapes and two handwritted transcriptions. All materials pertain to oral histories taken of key figures in the Revolution of 1933.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Machado Administration Oral History Tapes collection consists of twenty-four cassette tapes and two handwritted transcriptions. All materials pertain to oral histories taken of key figures in the Revolution of 1933."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone. The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["None. The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright. Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_5af0d29058187c8a88b8d9f4381e4854\"\u003eThis collection contains oral histories from prominent figures of the Revolution of 1933 in Cuba, including cassette tapes and handwritten transcriptions. The interviews all pertain to the Gerardo Machado administration (1924\u0026#x2013;1933) and events immediately following his exile. Many of the interviewees were members of opposition groups involved in the overthrowing of the Machado regime and subsequent administrations, including the ABC party, Directorio Estudiantil Universitario (D.E.U.), Joven Cuba, and Partido Aut\u0026#xE9;ntico.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains oral histories from prominent figures of the Revolution of 1933 in Cuba, including cassette tapes and handwritten transcriptions. The interviews all pertain to the Gerardo Machado administration (1924–1933) and events immediately following his exile. Many of the interviewees were members of opposition groups involved in the overthrowing of the Machado regime and subsequent administrations, including the ABC party, Directorio Estudiantil Universitario (D.E.U.), Joven Cuba, and Partido Auténtico."],"names_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Machado y Morales, Gerardo, 1871-1939"],"corpname_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"names_coll_ssim":["Machado y Morales, Gerardo, 1871-1939"],"persname_ssim":["Machado y Morales, Gerardo, 1871-1939"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":27,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_version_":1870862531021504512,"_root_":"09406f3523c0bada1a65caf9","timestamp":"2026-07-16T09:19:05.362Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/09406f3523c0bada1a65caf9"}},{"id":"9d8f52613628687b7c78f7d1","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Severo Sarduy Collection, bulk Date acquired: 09/28/2015","creator":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/9d8f52613628687b7c78f7d1#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["Sarduy, Mercedes"],"label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/9d8f52613628687b7c78f7d1#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains articles, both personal and from newspapers such as the El Nuevo Herald and ABC Madrid reflecting the local life of both Cuban and Hispanic cultures as well as personal documents detailing the life of Severo Sarduy and the political and social difficulties of Cuban life and of facing discrimination for homosexuality. 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