{"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans--Employment\u0026view=compact","last":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans--Employment\u0026page=1\u0026view=compact"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":5,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"21d48fa65507e7167c5fe6d1","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Eldridge Williams papers, 1940-1963, Date acquired: 07/26/2001","creator":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/21d48fa65507e7167c5fe6d1#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["Williams, Eldridge"],"label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/21d48fa65507e7167c5fe6d1#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of an oral history interview transcript of a retired African American lieutenant colonel, and one of the Tuskegee Airmen, as he discusses his experiences during WWII and the Korean War.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/21d48fa65507e7167c5fe6d1#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"21d48fa65507e7167c5fe6d1","title_ssm":["Eldridge Williams papers"],"title_tesim":["Eldridge Williams papers"],"ead_ssi":"21d48fa65507e7167c5fe6d1","unitdate_ssm":["1940-1963","Date acquired: 07/26/2001"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1940-1963"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 07/26/2001"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["01.0298","/repositories/10/resources/202"],"text":["01.0298","/repositories/10/resources/202","Eldridge Williams papers, 1940-1963, Date acquired: 07/26/2001","Fort Leonard Wood (Mo.)","Miami (Fla.)","Alabama","New Orleans (La.)","African Americans--Employment","African Americans","African Americans--Florida","African American men","African American soldiers--Biography","African American veterans--Biography","United States--Armed Forces--African Americans","World War, 1939-1945--African Americans","Football.","Football Programs","Physical Education","U.S. American Films","Korean War, 1950-1953","World War, 1939-1945","Race discrimination--United States","Soldiers--Alabama.","Families, Black","This collection is open to all researchers.","Eldridge Williams was born on November 2, 1917 in Washington County, Texas and passed away on July 2, 2015. 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Leonard Wood, Missouri for basic training as part of Company A, 35th Engineer Training Battallion. They pulled Williams out of field training and assigned him to clerk duty. In December 1941, he was promoted to sergeant and offered a permanent clerk position. While his unit shipped out at the start of the war, Williams remained and received a promotion to First Sergeant. He applied for Army Air Corps officer training and received authorization in August 1942. Williams trained in Miami Beach, Florida, the only black soldier in the outfit, alongside celebrities Hank Greenberg, Bruce Cabot, Tony Martin, and Clark Gable. Williams received his commission October 28, 1942 and was sent to the Tuskegee campus and Army Airfield as the director of physical fitness and survival training. Their program included football and basketball programs. Williams described numerous accounts of racism off-base during his time at Tuskegee. 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He taught and then entered administration as executive director of personnel, helping to integrate the public schools, in Dade County, Florida for twenty more years. President George W. Bush presented Williams with the Congressional Gold Medal in 2007 and President Obama invited Williams to attend his inauguration.","Note written by Jenna Pope","Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022.","This collection consists of an oral history interview transcript of a retired African American lieutenant colonel, and one of the Tuskegee Airmen, as he discusses his experiences during WWII and the Korean War.","All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. 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He applied for Army Air Corps officer training and received authorization in August 1942. Williams trained in Miami Beach, Florida, the only black soldier in the outfit, alongside celebrities Hank Greenberg, Bruce Cabot, Tony Martin, and Clark Gable. Williams received his commission October 28, 1942 and was sent to the Tuskegee campus and Army Airfield as the director of physical fitness and survival training. Their program included football and basketball programs. Williams described numerous accounts of racism off-base during his time at Tuskegee. After Tuskegee closed, Williams started as head basketball coach at A\u0026T College in Greensboro, North Carolina. In 1948, he reported to Lockcourne Air Force Base in Columbus, Ohio for the Berlin Airlift Crisis. 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Leonard Wood, Missouri for basic training as part of Company A, 35th Engineer Training Battallion. They pulled Williams out of field training and assigned him to clerk duty. In December 1941, he was promoted to sergeant and offered a permanent clerk position. While his unit shipped out at the start of the war, Williams remained and received a promotion to First Sergeant. He applied for Army Air Corps officer training and received authorization in August 1942. Williams trained in Miami Beach, Florida, the only black soldier in the outfit, alongside celebrities Hank Greenberg, Bruce Cabot, Tony Martin, and Clark Gable. Williams received his commission October 28, 1942 and was sent to the Tuskegee campus and Army Airfield as the director of physical fitness and survival training. Their program included football and basketball programs. Williams described numerous accounts of racism off-base during his time at Tuskegee. After Tuskegee closed, Williams started as head basketball coach at A\u0026T College in Greensboro, North Carolina. In 1948, he reported to Lockcourne Air Force Base in Columbus, Ohio for the Berlin Airlift Crisis. In the same year, Truman integrated the armed forces and Williams received the honor of being the last officer to leave and lock the gates on \"the Tuskegee experiment.\" Williams applied for different positions and was sent to Okinawa before the Korean War started. He remained in Okinawa for the duration of the war. The army then sent him to Tennessee State University to set up a ROTC program. Williams trained as a fighter intercept controller at Tyndall Field in Panama City, Florida. Eventually, he worked on a highly classified assignment on behalf of President Eisenhower. Williams retired from the military in 1963, ranked Lieutenant Colonel. 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He applied for Army Air Corps officer training and received authorization in August 1942. Williams trained in Miami Beach, Florida, the only black soldier in the outfit, alongside celebrities Hank Greenberg, Bruce Cabot, Tony Martin, and Clark Gable. Williams received his commission October 28, 1942 and was sent to the Tuskegee campus and Army Airfield as the director of physical fitness and survival training. Their program included football and basketball programs. Williams described numerous accounts of racism off-base during his time at Tuskegee. After Tuskegee closed, Williams started as head basketball coach at A\u0026T College in Greensboro, North Carolina. In 1948, he reported to Lockcourne Air Force Base in Columbus, Ohio for the Berlin Airlift Crisis. In the same year, Truman integrated the armed forces and Williams received the honor of being the last officer to leave and lock the gates on \"the Tuskegee experiment.\" Williams applied for different positions and was sent to Okinawa before the Korean War started. He remained in Okinawa for the duration of the war. The army then sent him to Tennessee State University to set up a ROTC program. Williams trained as a fighter intercept controller at Tyndall Field in Panama City, Florida. Eventually, he worked on a highly classified assignment on behalf of President Eisenhower. Williams retired from the military in 1963, ranked Lieutenant Colonel. He taught and then entered administration as executive director of personnel, helping to integrate the public schools, in Dade County, Florida for twenty more years. President George W. Bush presented Williams with the Congressional Gold Medal in 2007 and President Obama invited Williams to attend his inauguration.","Note written by Jenna Pope"],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTransferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives in July 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], Eldridge Williams papers, Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. https://purl.lib.fsu.edu/fa/02-01-0298\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], Eldridge Williams papers, Special Collections \u0026 Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. https://purl.lib.fsu.edu/fa/02-01-0298"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of an oral history interview transcript of a retired African American lieutenant colonel, and one of the Tuskegee Airmen, as he discusses his experiences during WWII and the Korean War.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of an oral history interview transcript of a retired African American lieutenant colonel, and one of the Tuskegee Airmen, as he discusses his experiences during WWII and the Korean War."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives. 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Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"names_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Williams, Eldridge"],"corpname_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Williams, Eldridge"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"21d48fa65507e7167c5fe6d1","timestamp":"2026-04-21T07:49:16.650Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/21d48fa65507e7167c5fe6d1"}},{"id":"5db3c6cc50db660f93b14fbf","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Gertrude Margaritte Ivory Bertram collection, 1938-2007, Date acquired: 10/07/2007, Date accessioned: 2020-04-22, bulk 1942","creator":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/5db3c6cc50db660f93b14fbf#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["Bertram, Gertrude Margaritte Ivory"],"label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/5db3c6cc50db660f93b14fbf#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eThis World War II collection relates to Gertrude Margaritte Ivory Bertram, an African American nurse who served in the U.S. Army. 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She attended nursing school at the Brewster Hospital and School of Nurse Training in Jacksonville, Florida, which was the first African American hospital in the United States. She then enlisted in the U.S. Army on May 1, 1941 at Fort Bragg, North Carolina, as a ward nurse. While in the Army, Bertram served as a ward nurse in Fort Bragg and later in the West African theater and Louisiana. After the war, she continued to work as a nurse, wrote a book, and raised a family.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Bertram was born in Clarksville, Georgia, on February 17, 1916. She attended nursing school at the Brewster Hospital and School of Nurse Training in Jacksonville, Florida, which was the first African American hospital in the United States. She then enlisted in the U.S. Army on May 1, 1941 at Fort Bragg, North Carolina, as a ward nurse. While in the Army, Bertram served as a ward nurse in Fort Bragg and later in the West African theater and Louisiana. After the war, she continued to work as a nurse, wrote a book, and raised a family."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection was donated by Gertrude Margaritte Ivory Bertram. The collection was acquired by the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience on October 7, 2007.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTransferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives in July 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History","Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["This collection was donated by Gertrude Margaritte Ivory Bertram. The collection was acquired by the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience on October 7, 2007.","Transferred from the Institute on World War II and the Human Experience to FSU Libraries Special Collections \u0026 Archives in July 2022."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], Gertrude Margaritte Ivory Bertram collection, Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_07_0114\"\u003ehttp://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_07_0114\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Title of Item], [Date of Item], [Box and Folder number], Gertrude Margaritte Ivory Bertram collection, Special Collections \u0026 Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida.  http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/WWII_07_0114 ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis World War II collection relates to Gertrude Margaritte Ivory Bertram, an African American nurse who served in the U.S. Army. The collection consists of letters, photographs (depicting herself and her fellow nurses in uniform, as well as African American G.I.s, and a few photographs from her time in West Africa), personal items, books, manuscripts, newspaper clippings, and interviews. The materials mainly document Bertram's time at Fort Bragg, NC, but there is some information concerning her life before enlistment, travels during enlistment, and life after enlistment. Most of her enlistment was spent in West Africa and at Fort Bragg, NC. This collection is important, as it covers the unique experiences of women and African Americans during World War II, and offers insight that differs from the majority white male G.I. perspective. It depicts African American nurses in both a professional setting and casual settings as Bertram enjoyed downtime with her friends.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This World War II collection relates to Gertrude Margaritte Ivory Bertram, an African American nurse who served in the U.S. Army. The collection consists of letters, photographs (depicting herself and her fellow nurses in uniform, as well as African American G.I.s, and a few photographs from her time in West Africa), personal items, books, manuscripts, newspaper clippings, and interviews. The materials mainly document Bertram's time at Fort Bragg, NC, but there is some information concerning her life before enlistment, travels during enlistment, and life after enlistment. Most of her enlistment was spent in West Africa and at Fort Bragg, NC. This collection is important, as it covers the unique experiences of women and African Americans during World War II, and offers insight that differs from the majority white male G.I. perspective. It depicts African American nurses in both a professional setting and casual settings as Bertram enjoyed downtime with her friends."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Army Nurse Corps"],"names_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","United States. Army Nurse Corps","Bertram, Gertrude Margaritte Ivory"],"corpname_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","United States. Army Nurse Corps"],"persname_ssim":["Bertram, Gertrude Margaritte Ivory"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":10,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"5db3c6cc50db660f93b14fbf","timestamp":"2026-07-10T08:14:14.272Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/5db3c6cc50db660f93b14fbf"}},{"id":"b7ddc964c6f13a7e308f2280","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Haynes et al. v. Shoney's, Inc. Papers, 1959-1997, bulk 1990-1994","creator":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/b7ddc964c6f13a7e308f2280#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["Thomas A. Warren Law Offices (Tallahassee, Fla.)"],"label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/b7ddc964c6f13a7e308f2280#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eThe Haynes v. Shoneys Papers documents the largest racial discrimination class-action suit against a private employer in the history of civil rights law. The collection has significant historical and research value for American legal history and civil rights scholars. Some topics include the admissibility of prior discrimination as evidence, adverse witnesses, affirmative action, allegations of recent discrimination, class certification, defendants contacts with plaintiffs' witnesses and clients, deceased claimants notes, destruction of evidence, jury selection, Raymond Danner's claim to fight race discrimination, and the Southern Christian Leadership Conferences covenant with Shoneys, in which the corporation promised that it would do business with minority-owned firms and target management jobs and franchise ownership opportunities for African-Americans. Among the materials included are all court pleadings and filings in the case, affidavits and declarations, challenges, consent decrees, correspondence, depositions, discovery documents, expert witness files, interrogatories, investigative files, newspaper and magazine articles, notebooks, orders, policies, press releases, questionnaires, reports, research materials, right-to-sue requests, settlement documents, shopper reports, surveys, visitation reports, and the deposition transcripts of over 150 witnesses, who document the history of the alleged discrimination of Shoneys, Inc and Ray Danner.\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://flvc.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/b7ddc964c6f13a7e308f2280#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"b7ddc964c6f13a7e308f2280","title_ssm":["Haynes et al. v. Shoney's, Inc. Papers"],"title_tesim":["Haynes et al. v. Shoney's, Inc. Papers"],"ead_ssi":"b7ddc964c6f13a7e308f2280","unitdate_ssm":["1959-1997","1990-1994"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1990-1994"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1959-1997"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 2004-001","/repositories/10/resources/728"],"text":["MSS 2004-001","/repositories/10/resources/728","Haynes et al. v. Shoney's, Inc. Papers, 1959-1997, bulk 1990-1994","Discrimination in employment--United States--Case studies","Discrimination in restaurants--United States--Case studies","Race discrimination--United States","Shoney's Inc.--Personnel management","Interviews.","African Americans--Employment","Clippings (Books, newspapers, etc.)","Correspondence","Legal documents.","Notebooks.","Reports","Sound recordings.","Videocassettes.","This collection is open to all researchers. However, since many records contain personal information, such as Social Security numbers, researchers are requested to contact the Special Collections Department in advance of their visit so that staff may review these materials. The Applicant Claim Forms and Notice of Approval of Current or Former Employee Claims Series, because of the confidential nature of these materials, are closed until 2063. Users may access this collection at the Claude Pepper Library. ","This collection is in an offsite storage location. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information.","On April 4, 1989, Tallahassee (FL) attorney Tommy Warren and nine named plaintiffs, all former Shoneys and Captain Ds employees or job applicants, served Shoneys CEO, Ray Danner, and Shoneys, Inc. with a class-action suit alleging racial discrimination. The plaintiffs, represented by Warren and his co-counsel, civil rights attorney Barry Goldstein, sought more than half a billion dollars in back pay and punitive damages, in addition to a court-ordered affirmative action plan, to counteract claims of years of racially discriminatory company policy. Witnesses, such as Josephine Haynes, included tens of thousands of workers, former workers, and frustrated job applicants, who said they lost jobs, were denied jobs, or were not given opportunities at Shoneys for even the lowest-paying jobs because they were African-Americans. Other witnesses included lower level white managers, who testified that they were fired because they wouldnt follow company orders to reduce the number of African-Americans. Many said they were instructed to carry out a corporate strategy that was directed by the Companys founder and CEO, Ray Danner, not found in any Shoneys procedure manuals. During the course of the litigation, which lasted from 1989-1993, many allegations were made under oath, and entered into the court record that race discrimination at Shoneys was standard operating procedure and had existed during the entire time Ray Danner ran the company. Danner continually denied these allegations throughout the case.\nBy the time the case concluded in 1993, the total cost of the Shoneys settlement was $132.5 million, which was the plaintiffs final compromise figure and the largest ever in a racial discrimination case. In addition, Ray Danner personally contributed approximately $65 million to the settlement. This payment by an individual defendant was unprecedented in U.S. race discrimination cases. According to Steve Watkins The Black O, a book that documents the entire case, 28, 994 claims were submitted in the settlement. At Warren and Goldsteins insistence, that number was expanded beyond the scope of the class of discriminated individuals to include all of Shoneys divisions, except for the franchise stores, for the period from 1985 through November 3, 1992. Based on a complex formula approved by Judge Roger Vinson to determine the validity of those claims and the amount due each legitimate claimant, 20,909 people ultimately received money from the $105 million settlement pool. The plaintiffs attorneys spent nearly $2 million to notify these claimants about the settlement, an effort that the judge said was unmatched by any he had ever seen in a class-action case. Approximately $5 million from the settlement pool was designated for a special class of claimants, those who had been witnesses and named plaintiffs in the case. $10 million was earmarked for African-American former job applicants, and the bulk of the settlement, $90 million, went to incumbent African-American employees. Money left over when the settlement was completed, and after Shoneys final payment in 1998, was divided among five organizations: the United Negro College Fund, the Southern Poverty Law Center, the Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, the Washington Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, and Inroads, a group that works to increase management opportunities for minorities.\nIn the aftermath of the case, Shoneys complied with the affirmative action plan and significantly increased its hiring of restaurant managers, dining room supervisors, and servers of color. In 1995, the company brought in a new management team which greatly improved its position financially, and in hiring, promotion, and business opportunities for minoritized communities.\nNote written by","Partially funded by a National Publications and Records Commission grant, the collection was processed by Chad Underwood from March 2005 to October 2006.","The Haynes v. Shoneys Papers documents the largest racial discrimination class-action suit against a private employer in the history of civil rights law. The collection has significant historical and research value for American legal history and civil rights scholars. Some topics include the admissibility of prior discrimination as evidence, adverse witnesses, affirmative action, allegations of recent discrimination, class certification, defendants contacts with plaintiffs' witnesses and clients, deceased claimants notes, destruction of evidence, jury selection, Raymond Danner's claim to fight race discrimination, and the Southern Christian Leadership Conferences covenant with Shoneys, in which the corporation promised that it would do business with minority-owned firms and target management jobs and franchise ownership opportunities for African-Americans. Among the materials included are all court pleadings and filings in the case, affidavits and declarations, challenges, consent decrees, correspondence, depositions, discovery documents, expert witness files, interrogatories, investigative files, newspaper and magazine articles, notebooks, orders, policies, press releases, questionnaires, reports, research materials, right-to-sue requests, settlement documents, shopper reports, surveys, visitation reports, and the deposition transcripts of over 150 witnesses, who document the history of the alleged discrimination of Shoneys, Inc and Ray Danner.","All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections and Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.","Claude Pepper Library.","FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Thomas A. Warren Law Offices (Tallahassee, Fla.)","Danner, Raymond L.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 2004-001","/repositories/10/resources/728"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1959-1997, bulk 1990-1994"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Haynes et al. v. Shoney's, Inc. Papers, 1959-1997, bulk 1990-1994"],"collection_title_tesim":["Haynes et al. v. Shoney's, Inc. Papers, 1959-1997, bulk 1990-1994"],"collection_ssim":["Haynes et al. v. Shoney's, Inc. Papers, 1959-1997, bulk 1990-1994"],"repository_ssm":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Thomas A. 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Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was given by Thomas Warren, attorney, in 2003."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Discrimination in employment--United States--Case studies","Discrimination in restaurants--United States--Case studies","Race discrimination--United States","Shoney's Inc.--Personnel management","Interviews.","African Americans--Employment","Clippings (Books, newspapers, etc.)","Correspondence","Legal documents.","Notebooks.","Reports","Sound recordings.","Videocassettes."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Discrimination in employment--United States--Case studies","Discrimination in restaurants--United States--Case studies","Race discrimination--United States","Shoney's Inc.--Personnel management","Interviews.","African Americans--Employment","Clippings (Books, newspapers, etc.)","Correspondence","Legal documents.","Notebooks.","Reports","Sound recordings.","Videocassettes."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1,040 boxes","415.60 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["1,040 boxes","415.60 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Clippings (Books, newspapers, etc.)","Correspondence","Legal documents.","Notebooks.","Reports","Sound recordings.","Videocassettes."],"date_range_isim":[1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to all researchers. However, since many records contain personal information, such as Social Security numbers, researchers are requested to contact the Special Collections Department in advance of their visit so that staff may review these materials. The Applicant Claim Forms and Notice of Approval of Current or Former Employee Claims Series, because of the confidential nature of these materials, are closed until 2063. Users may access this collection at the Claude Pepper Library. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis collection is in an offsite storage location. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to all researchers. However, since many records contain personal information, such as Social Security numbers, researchers are requested to contact the Special Collections Department in advance of their visit so that staff may review these materials. The Applicant Claim Forms and Notice of Approval of Current or Former Employee Claims Series, because of the confidential nature of these materials, are closed until 2063. Users may access this collection at the Claude Pepper Library. ","This collection is in an offsite storage location. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOn April 4, 1989, Tallahassee (FL) attorney Tommy Warren and nine named plaintiffs, all former Shoneys and Captain Ds employees or job applicants, served Shoneys CEO, Ray Danner, and Shoneys, Inc. with a class-action suit alleging racial discrimination. The plaintiffs, represented by Warren and his co-counsel, civil rights attorney Barry Goldstein, sought more than half a billion dollars in back pay and punitive damages, in addition to a court-ordered affirmative action plan, to counteract claims of years of racially discriminatory company policy. Witnesses, such as Josephine Haynes, included tens of thousands of workers, former workers, and frustrated job applicants, who said they lost jobs, were denied jobs, or were not given opportunities at Shoneys for even the lowest-paying jobs because they were African-Americans. Other witnesses included lower level white managers, who testified that they were fired because they wouldnt follow company orders to reduce the number of African-Americans. Many said they were instructed to carry out a corporate strategy that was directed by the Companys founder and CEO, Ray Danner, not found in any Shoneys procedure manuals. During the course of the litigation, which lasted from 1989-1993, many allegations were made under oath, and entered into the court record that race discrimination at Shoneys was standard operating procedure and had existed during the entire time Ray Danner ran the company. Danner continually denied these allegations throughout the case.\nBy the time the case concluded in 1993, the total cost of the Shoneys settlement was $132.5 million, which was the plaintiffs final compromise figure and the largest ever in a racial discrimination case. In addition, Ray Danner personally contributed approximately $65 million to the settlement. This payment by an individual defendant was unprecedented in U.S. race discrimination cases. According to Steve Watkins The Black O, a book that documents the entire case, 28, 994 claims were submitted in the settlement. At Warren and Goldsteins insistence, that number was expanded beyond the scope of the class of discriminated individuals to include all of Shoneys divisions, except for the franchise stores, for the period from 1985 through November 3, 1992. Based on a complex formula approved by Judge Roger Vinson to determine the validity of those claims and the amount due each legitimate claimant, 20,909 people ultimately received money from the $105 million settlement pool. The plaintiffs attorneys spent nearly $2 million to notify these claimants about the settlement, an effort that the judge said was unmatched by any he had ever seen in a class-action case. Approximately $5 million from the settlement pool was designated for a special class of claimants, those who had been witnesses and named plaintiffs in the case. $10 million was earmarked for African-American former job applicants, and the bulk of the settlement, $90 million, went to incumbent African-American employees. Money left over when the settlement was completed, and after Shoneys final payment in 1998, was divided among five organizations: the United Negro College Fund, the Southern Poverty Law Center, the Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, the Washington Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, and Inroads, a group that works to increase management opportunities for minorities.\nIn the aftermath of the case, Shoneys complied with the affirmative action plan and significantly increased its hiring of restaurant managers, dining room supervisors, and servers of color. In 1995, the company brought in a new management team which greatly improved its position financially, and in hiring, promotion, and business opportunities for minoritized communities.\nNote written by\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["On April 4, 1989, Tallahassee (FL) attorney Tommy Warren and nine named plaintiffs, all former Shoneys and Captain Ds employees or job applicants, served Shoneys CEO, Ray Danner, and Shoneys, Inc. with a class-action suit alleging racial discrimination. The plaintiffs, represented by Warren and his co-counsel, civil rights attorney Barry Goldstein, sought more than half a billion dollars in back pay and punitive damages, in addition to a court-ordered affirmative action plan, to counteract claims of years of racially discriminatory company policy. Witnesses, such as Josephine Haynes, included tens of thousands of workers, former workers, and frustrated job applicants, who said they lost jobs, were denied jobs, or were not given opportunities at Shoneys for even the lowest-paying jobs because they were African-Americans. Other witnesses included lower level white managers, who testified that they were fired because they wouldnt follow company orders to reduce the number of African-Americans. Many said they were instructed to carry out a corporate strategy that was directed by the Companys founder and CEO, Ray Danner, not found in any Shoneys procedure manuals. During the course of the litigation, which lasted from 1989-1993, many allegations were made under oath, and entered into the court record that race discrimination at Shoneys was standard operating procedure and had existed during the entire time Ray Danner ran the company. Danner continually denied these allegations throughout the case.\nBy the time the case concluded in 1993, the total cost of the Shoneys settlement was $132.5 million, which was the plaintiffs final compromise figure and the largest ever in a racial discrimination case. In addition, Ray Danner personally contributed approximately $65 million to the settlement. This payment by an individual defendant was unprecedented in U.S. race discrimination cases. According to Steve Watkins The Black O, a book that documents the entire case, 28, 994 claims were submitted in the settlement. At Warren and Goldsteins insistence, that number was expanded beyond the scope of the class of discriminated individuals to include all of Shoneys divisions, except for the franchise stores, for the period from 1985 through November 3, 1992. Based on a complex formula approved by Judge Roger Vinson to determine the validity of those claims and the amount due each legitimate claimant, 20,909 people ultimately received money from the $105 million settlement pool. The plaintiffs attorneys spent nearly $2 million to notify these claimants about the settlement, an effort that the judge said was unmatched by any he had ever seen in a class-action case. Approximately $5 million from the settlement pool was designated for a special class of claimants, those who had been witnesses and named plaintiffs in the case. $10 million was earmarked for African-American former job applicants, and the bulk of the settlement, $90 million, went to incumbent African-American employees. Money left over when the settlement was completed, and after Shoneys final payment in 1998, was divided among five organizations: the United Negro College Fund, the Southern Poverty Law Center, the Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, the Washington Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, and Inroads, a group that works to increase management opportunities for minorities.\nIn the aftermath of the case, Shoneys complied with the affirmative action plan and significantly increased its hiring of restaurant managers, dining room supervisors, and servers of color. In 1995, the company brought in a new management team which greatly improved its position financially, and in hiring, promotion, and business opportunities for minoritized communities.\nNote written by"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHaynes et al. v. Shoney's, Inc. Papers, Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. https://purl.lib.fsu.edu/fa/MSS-2004-001\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Haynes et al. v. Shoney's, Inc. Papers, Special Collections \u0026 Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. https://purl.lib.fsu.edu/fa/MSS-2004-001"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePartially funded by a National Publications and Records Commission grant, the collection was processed by Chad Underwood from March 2005 to October 2006.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Partially funded by a National Publications and Records Commission grant, the collection was processed by Chad Underwood from March 2005 to October 2006."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Haynes v. Shoneys Papers documents the largest racial discrimination class-action suit against a private employer in the history of civil rights law. The collection has significant historical and research value for American legal history and civil rights scholars. Some topics include the admissibility of prior discrimination as evidence, adverse witnesses, affirmative action, allegations of recent discrimination, class certification, defendants contacts with plaintiffs' witnesses and clients, deceased claimants notes, destruction of evidence, jury selection, Raymond Danner's claim to fight race discrimination, and the Southern Christian Leadership Conferences covenant with Shoneys, in which the corporation promised that it would do business with minority-owned firms and target management jobs and franchise ownership opportunities for African-Americans. Among the materials included are all court pleadings and filings in the case, affidavits and declarations, challenges, consent decrees, correspondence, depositions, discovery documents, expert witness files, interrogatories, investigative files, newspaper and magazine articles, notebooks, orders, policies, press releases, questionnaires, reports, research materials, right-to-sue requests, settlement documents, shopper reports, surveys, visitation reports, and the deposition transcripts of over 150 witnesses, who document the history of the alleged discrimination of Shoneys, Inc and Ray Danner.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Haynes v. Shoneys Papers documents the largest racial discrimination class-action suit against a private employer in the history of civil rights law. The collection has significant historical and research value for American legal history and civil rights scholars. Some topics include the admissibility of prior discrimination as evidence, adverse witnesses, affirmative action, allegations of recent discrimination, class certification, defendants contacts with plaintiffs' witnesses and clients, deceased claimants notes, destruction of evidence, jury selection, Raymond Danner's claim to fight race discrimination, and the Southern Christian Leadership Conferences covenant with Shoneys, in which the corporation promised that it would do business with minority-owned firms and target management jobs and franchise ownership opportunities for African-Americans. Among the materials included are all court pleadings and filings in the case, affidavits and declarations, challenges, consent decrees, correspondence, depositions, discovery documents, expert witness files, interrogatories, investigative files, newspaper and magazine articles, notebooks, orders, policies, press releases, questionnaires, reports, research materials, right-to-sue requests, settlement documents, shopper reports, surveys, visitation reports, and the deposition transcripts of over 150 witnesses, who document the history of the alleged discrimination of Shoneys, Inc and Ray Danner."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections and Archives. 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Other witnesses included lower level white managers, who testified that they were fired because they wouldnt follow company orders to reduce the number of African-Americans. Many said they were instructed to carry out a corporate strategy that was directed by the Companys founder and CEO, Ray Danner, not found in any Shoneys procedure manuals. During the course of the litigation, which lasted from 1989-1993, many allegations were made under oath, and entered into the court record that race discrimination at Shoneys was standard operating procedure and had existed during the entire time Ray Danner ran the company. Danner continually denied these allegations throughout the case.\nBy the time the case concluded in 1993, the total cost of the Shoneys settlement was $132.5 million, which was the plaintiffs final compromise figure and the largest ever in a racial discrimination case. In addition, Ray Danner personally contributed approximately $65 million to the settlement. 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At Warren and Goldsteins insistence, that number was expanded beyond the scope of the class of discriminated individuals to include all of Shoneys divisions, except for the franchise stores, for the period from 1985 through November 3, 1992. Based on a complex formula approved by Judge Roger Vinson to determine the validity of those claims and the amount due each legitimate claimant, 20,909 people ultimately received money from the $105 million settlement pool. The plaintiffs attorneys spent nearly $2 million to notify these claimants about the settlement, an effort that the judge said was unmatched by any he had ever seen in a class-action case. Approximately $5 million from the settlement pool was designated for a special class of claimants, those who had been witnesses and named plaintiffs in the case. $10 million was earmarked for African-American former job applicants, and the bulk of the settlement, $90 million, went to incumbent African-American employees. Money left over when the settlement was completed, and after Shoneys final payment in 1998, was divided among five organizations: the United Negro College Fund, the Southern Poverty Law Center, the Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, the Washington Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, and Inroads, a group that works to increase management opportunities for minorities.\nIn the aftermath of the case, Shoneys complied with the affirmative action plan and significantly increased its hiring of restaurant managers, dining room supervisors, and servers of color. 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Witnesses, such as Josephine Haynes, included tens of thousands of workers, former workers, and frustrated job applicants, who said they lost jobs, were denied jobs, or were not given opportunities at Shoneys for even the lowest-paying jobs because they were African-Americans. Other witnesses included lower level white managers, who testified that they were fired because they wouldnt follow company orders to reduce the number of African-Americans. Many said they were instructed to carry out a corporate strategy that was directed by the Companys founder and CEO, Ray Danner, not found in any Shoneys procedure manuals. During the course of the litigation, which lasted from 1989-1993, many allegations were made under oath, and entered into the court record that race discrimination at Shoneys was standard operating procedure and had existed during the entire time Ray Danner ran the company. Danner continually denied these allegations throughout the case.\nBy the time the case concluded in 1993, the total cost of the Shoneys settlement was $132.5 million, which was the plaintiffs final compromise figure and the largest ever in a racial discrimination case. In addition, Ray Danner personally contributed approximately $65 million to the settlement. This payment by an individual defendant was unprecedented in U.S. race discrimination cases. According to Steve Watkins The Black O, a book that documents the entire case, 28, 994 claims were submitted in the settlement. At Warren and Goldsteins insistence, that number was expanded beyond the scope of the class of discriminated individuals to include all of Shoneys divisions, except for the franchise stores, for the period from 1985 through November 3, 1992. 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Money left over when the settlement was completed, and after Shoneys final payment in 1998, was divided among five organizations: the United Negro College Fund, the Southern Poverty Law Center, the Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, the Washington Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, and Inroads, a group that works to increase management opportunities for minorities.\nIn the aftermath of the case, Shoneys complied with the affirmative action plan and significantly increased its hiring of restaurant managers, dining room supervisors, and servers of color. In 1995, the company brought in a new management team which greatly improved its position financially, and in hiring, promotion, and business opportunities for minoritized communities.\nNote written by"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHaynes et al. v. Shoney's, Inc. 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